CHAPTER 11

INTRODUCTIO
N TO
GENETICS

Mr. Alejandro Cruz

2 Mr.
Cruz

Scientific
What
Heredity
is genetics?
has
study
Who
Genes
Gregortois
of
dohe?
heredity
with ……..
Mendel

Was he…….?

A doctor a lawyer
A priest an economist

American Indian
Austrian Englishman

Born 1600’s 1700’s 1800’s 1900’s

11-1 The
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Mendel Introduction to CIDEB
3 Mr.
Cruz
Seeds & Flowers of Edible Pea
Stamens
(male)
Carpel produce
(female) pollen
produces
eggs

Intact pea flowerFlower dissected to sho

11-1 The
reproductive structure
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 Mr.
4
Some Cruz

concepts
Fertilization

Male and female reproductive cells join

embryo
Sperm cells
Self-pollination in pollen
fertilize the
egg cells in
Single parent the same
flower
True breeding
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trait Cruz

Parental generation
Offspring
First filial
hybrids
True breeding

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Alleles—Different
6 forms of a gene Mr.
Cruz
“Flower color” is a gene;
“Purple” is one flower-color allele
“White” is another flower-color allele

Genotype—List of alleles for an individual at

specific genes
Familiar organisms are diploid
11-1 The
work of
One or two alleles
Mendel
per individual
Introduction to CIDEB
 Homozygous—Maternal Mr.
7 & Cruz
paternal alleles same
Father donates purple-flower allele
Mother donates purple-flower
allele

Heterozygous—Maternal & paternal alleles

differ
Father donates purple-flower allele
Mom donates white-flower allele
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Cruz

Cross Fertilization of Parents

Pollen
Cross-Fertilize
Pollen
P P
True-breeding True-breedin
urple-flowered White-flowere
Parent Parent
F1
11-1 The All Purple-flowered offspring
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Cruz

 Consider:
 P = purple / Dominant
 p = white / Recessive

 PP homozygous
 pp homozygous

 Pp heterozygous
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10 F1 generation Mr.
Cruz

P P

p P p P p

p P p P p
Punnett Square
11-1 The 100% Purple
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11 Mr.
Cruz
F2 second filial

P p

P PP Pp
75% p Pp pp

11-1 The 25%

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12 Mr.
Cruz

Mendel’s (2) conclusions

 Biological inheritance is determined by
factors that are passed from one
generation to the next.

 Genes
 Alleles

 Principle of dominance: some alleles are

dominant and others are recessive

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Cruz

Mendel’s questions
 In the F1
 Had the recessive alleles
disappeared? Or were they still
present?
 In the F2
 Why did the recessive alleles seem
to disappear in the F1 generation
and then reappear in the F2
generation?
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Cruz

Section 11- 1
THE END
Mr. Cruz

11-1 The
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Mendel Introduction to CIDEB