MCEN 4173/5173 Chapter 11

Heat Transfer and Temperature Field

Fall, 2006

Textbook, Chapter 13

Thermo-mechanical problems

Understanding heat transfer is the first step to investigate thermomechanical problems

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Heat Transfer
Governing equations for heat transfer
1D case

qx Q

qx+ dqx

dx q: heat flux (kW/m2)

Q: heat source (heat generated per unit time per unit volume, kW/m3)
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Heat Transfer
Governing equations for heat transfer

qx Q

qx+ dqx

dx
Energy balance:

Heat Transfer
Governing equations for heat transfer
Since

dT q x = K xx dx

(Fouriers law of heat conduction)

Kxx: thermal conductivity in the x-direction

dT dT d 2T Adt + QAdxdt = U + Adt K xx K xx K xx 2 dx dx dx dx

d 2T QAdxdt = U K xx 2 Adxdt dx

U = cAdxdT

c: specific heat

d 2T QAdxdt = cAdxdT K xx 2 Adxdt dx

Heat Transfer
Governing equations for heat transfer

d 2T QAdxdt = cAdxdT K xx 2 Adxdt dx

Steady State:

Heat Transfer
Governing equations for heat transfer

d T K xx 2 + Q = 0 dx
Boundary conditions A B

At x = xA

At x = xB

Heat Transfer
Governing equations for heat transfer in 2D

d 2T d 2T K xx 2 + K yy 2 + Q = 0 dx dy
Boundary conditions

S1

On S1

S2

On S2
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Finite Element for Heat Transfer Problem

System potential energy

Here, the basic variable is the temperature, T. Principle of minimum system potential energy requires that

Finite Element for Heat Transfer Problem

Now, we formulate finite element for heat transfer problem Step 1: Select element type

1D: Truss element 2D: Plane element 3-node triangular element 6-node triangular element 4-node isoparametric element 8-node isoparametric element

3D:Brick element

8-node isoparametric element 20-node isoparametric element

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Finite Element for Heat Transfer Problem

Step 2: Choose temperature interpolation functions

T ( x, y ) = N iTi
i =1
For isoparametric formula

x = N i xi
i =1 n

y = N i yi
i =1
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Finite Element for Heat Transfer Problem

Step 3: Find B matrix

N1 x [B ] = .... .....

.... .... ....

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Finite Element for Heat Transfer Problem

Step 4: Formulate element stiffness matrix

[k ] = B [B] [D][B]dV
e T
e

K xx [D] = 0
Isoparametric

0 K yy

[k ]e = h B [B ]T [D][B]Jdsdt
e

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Finite Element for Heat Transfer Problem

Step 5: Formulate force matrix

{P}e = S [N ]T {q}dV

= h [N ] {q}Jdsd t
T S

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Finite Element for Multi-Physics Problem

Step 1: Finding Governing equations, including boundary conditions Step 2: Using the variational method to formulate the weak form of the governing equations and system total potential energy Step 3: Choosing appropriate element types, and hence interpolation functions (shape functions) for basic variables. Step 4: Using the interpolated functions for basic variables to formulate the system total potential energy. Step 5: Minimizing the system total potential energy to formulate element stiffness matrix and nodal force vector. Step 6: Assembling the element stiffness matrix and nodal force vector to obtain the global linear equations.
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