Guideline For The Certification of Wind Turbines Edition 2010 (Chinese)

IV
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
2010
Germanischer Lloyd
www.gl-group.com/GLRenewables
2010 7 1
Germanischer Lloyd
Germanischer Lloyd
Germanischer Lloyd Industrial Services GmbH

Renewables Certification
Brooktorka i 18, 20457 Hamburg, Germany
+49 40 36149-707
+49 40 36149-1720
glrenewables@gl-group.com
www.gl-group.com/GLRenewables
Germanischer Lloyd Industrial Services GmbH
Germanischer Lloyd
Germanischer LloydHamburg
Germanischer LloydHamburg
IV 1
GL 2010
1.1
1.1.1
1.1.2
1.1.3
1.1.4
1.1.5
1.1.6
1.1.7
......................................................................................................................................................... 1-1
.......................................................................................................................................................... 1-1
...................................................................................................................................................... 1-1
.......................................................................................................................................................... 1-1
...................................................................................................................................... 1-1
GL ........................................................................................................................................ 1-2
GL ........................................................................................................................................ 1-2
.................................................................................................................................................. 1-2
1.2
1.2.1
1.2.2
1.2.3
.............................................................................................................................................. 1-3
.............................................................................................................................................. 1-3
A B ................................................................................................................. 1-3
A B ........................................................................................................................... 1-10
1.3
1.3.1
1.3.2
1.3.3
1.3.4
........................................................................................................................ 1-15
........................................................................................................................................................ 1-15
........................................................................................................................................................ 1-15
................................................................................................................................................ 1-16
................................................................................................................................................ 1-16
1.A
1.A
1.A.1
1.A.2
........................................................................................................................................ 1-17
........................................................................................................................................................ 1-17
................................................................................................................................................ 1-18
1.B
1.B
1.B.1
1.B.2
........................................................................................................................................ 1-19
........................................................................................................................................................ 1-19
............................................................................................................................................ 1-19
1.C
1.C
1.C.1
1.C.2
........................................................................................................................................ 1-21
........................................................................................................................................................ 1-21
........................................................................................................................................................ 1-21
1.D
1.D
1.D.1
1.D.2
1.D.3
.................................................................................................................................... 1-23
........................................................................................................................................................ 1-23
A ............................................................................................................................ 1-23
B ..................................................................................................... 1-23
IV 1
GL 2010
1.E
1.E
1.E.1
1.E.2
1.E.3
........................................................................................................................................ 1-25
........................................................................................................................................................ 1-25
................................................................................................................................................ 1-25
TAPS-2000 2...................................................................................... 1-25
1.F
1.F
1.F.1
1.F.2
1.F.3
........................................................................................................................................ 1-27
........................................................................................................................................................ 1-27
................................................................................................................................ 1-27
............................................................................................................................................ 1-27
1.G
1.G
1.G..1
1.G..2
........................................................................................................................................ 1-29
........................................................................................................................................................ 1-29
............................................................................................................................................ 1-29
1.H
1.H
1.H.1
1.H.2
1.H.3
1.H.4
1.H.5
1.H.6
........................................................................................................................................ 1-31
........................................................................................................................................................ 1-31
.................................................................................................................................... 1-31
.................................................................................................................................... 1-31
.................................................................................................................................... 1-31
.................................................................................................................................... 1-32
................................................................................................................................................ 1-32
1.I
1.I
1.I.1
1.I.2
1.I.3
IEC and CENELEC .................................................................................................................... 1-33

........................................................................................................................................................ 1-33
................................................................................................................ 1-33
........................................................................................................................................................ 1-34
2.1
2.1.1
2.1.2
2.1.3
2.1.4
.......................................................................................................................................................... 2-1
.......................................................................................................................................................... 2-1
.................................................................................................................................................. 2-1
.................................................................................................................................................. 2-1
.................................................................................................................. 2-2
2.2
2.2.1
2.2.2
2.2.3
...................................................................................................................................... 2-3
.......................................................................................................................................................... 2-3
.......................................................................................................................................................... 2-3
...................................................................................................................................... 2-6
2.3
2.3.1
2.3.2
2.3.3
...................................................................................................................................... 2-9
.......................................................................................................................................................... 2-9
...................................................................................................................................... 2-9
............................................................................................................ 2-17
IV 1
GL 2010
2.A
2.A
................................................................................................................ 2-19
2.B
2.B
................................................................................................................................ 2-21
2.C
2.C
........................................................................................................................ 2-25
3.1
3.1.1
3.1.2
3.1.3
3.1.4
.............................................................................................................................................. 3-1
.......................................................................................................................................................... 3-1
.................................................................................................................................................. 3-1
.......................................................................................................................................................... 3-1
.................................................................................................................................................. 3-1
3.2
3.2.1
3.2.2
3.2.3
3.2.4
.................................................................................................................................................. 3-3
.......................................................................................................................................................... 3-3
.......................................................................................................................................................... 3-3
.................................................................................................................................. 3-3
QM .......................................................................................................................................... 3-3
3.3
3.3.1
3.3.2
3.3.3
3.3.4
3.3.5
......................................................................................................................................................... 3-5
.................................................................................................................................................. 3-5
.................................................................................................................................................. 3-8
(FRP) ............................................................................................................................. 3-14
........................................................................................................................................................ 3-17
................................................................................................................ 3-17
3.4
3.4.1
3.4.2
3.4.3
3.4.4
3.4.5
3.4.6
3.4.7
............................................................................................................................................ 3-21
........................................................................................................................................................ 3-21
........................................................................................................................................................ 3-21
................................................................................................................................ 3-23
........................................................................................................................................................ 3-26
FRP ........................................................................................................................................ 3-27
................................................................................................................................................ 3-28
............................................................................................................................ 3-29
4.1
4.1.1
4.1.2
4.1.3
4.1.4
......................................................................................................................................................... 4-1
.......................................................................................................................................................... 4-1
.................................................................................................................................................. 4-1
.................................................................................................................................................. 4-2
.................................................................................................................................................. 4-2
4.2
4.2.1
4.2.2
4.2.3
4.2.4
4.2.5
.................................................................................................................................................. 4-3
.......................................................................................................................................................... 4-3
.................................................................................................................................................. 4-3
.................................................................................................................................................. 4-4
........................................................................................................................................ 4-11
................................................................................................................................................ 4-12
IV 1
GL 2010
4.3
4.3.1
4.3.2
4.3.3
4.3.4
4.3.5
................................................................................................................................................ 4-13
........................................................................................................................................................ 4-13
........................................................................................................................................................ 4-13
............................................................................................................................ 4-13
................................................................................................................................................ 4-20
........................................................................................................................................ 4-21
4.4
4.4.1
4.4.2
4.4.3
4.4.4
4.4.5
4.4.6
4.4.7
4.4.8
.................................................................................................................................... 4-23
........................................................................................................................................................ 4-23
........................................................................................................................................ 4-23
........................................................................................................................................ 4-24
/............................................................................................................................... 4-24
................................................................................................................................ 4-24
............................................................................................................................................ 4-25
................................................................................................................................................ 4-25
.................................................................................................................................... 4-26
4.5
4.5.1
4.5.2
4.5.3
4.5.4
4.5.5
4.5.6
........................................................................................................ 4-27
........................................................................................................................................................ 4-27
........................................................................................................................................................ 4-27
LRF 1 ........................................................................ 4-27
LRF 2 .................................................................................... 4-28
................................................................................................ 4-30
........................................................................................................................................ 4-30
4.A
4.A
4.A.1
4.A.2
4.A.3
4.A.4
4.A.5
4.A.6
.................................................................................................................................................... 4-31
............................................................................................................................................ 4-31
................................................................................................................................................ 4-31
............................................................................................................................................ 4-32
............................................................................................................................................ 4-32
.................................................................................................................................... 4-33
............................................................................................................................................ 4-33
4.B
4.B
4.B.1
4.B.2
4.B.3
................................................................................................................................................ 4-35
................................................................................................................................ 4-35
................................................................................................................................................ 4-35
................................................................................................................................................ 4-36
4.C
4.C
............................................................................................................................................ 4-39
4.D
4.D
4.D.1
4.D.2
4.D.3
4.D.4
S ............................................................................................................ 4-41
................................................................................................................................................ 4-41
................................................................................................................................................ 4-41
................................................................................................................................................ 4-41
.................................................................................................................... 4-41
IV 1
GL 2010
5.1
......................................................................................................................................................... 5-1
5.2
5.2.1
5.2.2
5.2.3
5.2.4
.................................................................................................................................................. 5-3
.............................................................................................................................. 5-3
.................................................................................................................................................. 5-3
.................................................................................................................................................. 5-4
.............................................................................................................................................. 5-4
5.3
5.3.1
5.3.2
5.3.3
5.3.4
.................................................................................................................................................. 5-5
.................................................................................................................................................. 5-5
.......................................................................................................................................... 5-5
.................................................................................................................................................. 5-6
............................................................................................................................................ 5-14
5.4
5.4.1
5.4.2
5.4.3
.................................................................................................................................................... 5-15
................................................................................................................................................ 5-15
........................................................................................................................................ 5-15
................................................................................................................................ 5-17
5.5
5.5.1
5.5.2
5.5.3
5.5.4
5.5.5
5.5.6
(FRP) ....................................................................................................... 5-19

........................................................................................................................................................ 5-19
........................................................................................................................................................ 5-19
........................................................................................................................................................ 5-20
(GRP) .................................................................................................................... 5-23
(CRP)......................................................................................................................... 5-25
................................................................................................................................................ 5-26
5.A
5.A
5.A.1
5.A.2
5.A.3
5.A.4
5.A.5
............................................................................................................ 5-29
........................................................................................................................................................ 5-29
................................................................................................................................................ 5-31
................................................................................................................................................ 5-34
.................................................................................................................................... 5-34
FE ......................................................................................................................... 5-36
5.B
5.B
5.B.1
5.B.2
5.B.3
S/N ....................................................................................................................... 5-39

........................................................................................................................................................ 5-39
........................................................................................................................................................ 5-39
S/N .................................................................................................................................... 5-40
6.1
......................................................................................................................................................... 6-1
6.2
6.2.1
6.2.2
6.2.3
6.2.4
6.2.5
.................................................................................................................................................. 6-3
.......................................................................................................................................................... 6-3
.................................................................................................................................................. 6-3
.................................................................................................................................................. 6-3
.......................................................................................................................................................... 6-4
.................................................................................................................................................. 6-4
IV 1
GL 2010
6.3
6.3.1
6.3.2
6.3.3
.................................................................................................................................................. 6-7
.......................................................................................................................................................... 6-7
.................................................................................................................................................. 6-7
.......................................................................................................................................................... 6-7
6.4
6.4.1
6.4.2
6.4.3
...................................................................................................................................... 6-9
.......................................................................................................................................................... 6-9
.................................................................................................................................................. 6-9
.......................................................................................................................................................... 6-9
6.5
6.5.1
6.5.2
6.5.3
................................................................................................................................................ 6-13
................................................................................................................................................ 6-13
............................................................................................................................ 6-13
........................................................................................................................................ 6-14
6.6
6.6.1
6.6.2
6.6.3
6.6.4
6.6.5
6.6.6
6.6.7
6.6.8
........................................................................................................................................................ 6-15
........................................................................................................................................................ 6-15
................................................................................................................................................ 6-15
................................................................................................................................................ 6-15
............................................................................................................................................ 6-15
................................................................................................................................ 6-15
................................................................................................................................................ 6-17
................................................................................................................................................ 6-19
.................................................................................................................................................... 6-22
6.7
6.7.1
6.7.2
6.7.3
6.7.4
6.7.5
6.7.6
........................................................................................................................................................ 6-23
........................................................................................................................................................ 6-23
................................................................................................................................................ 6-23
................................................................................................................................................ 6-23
............................................................................................................................................ 6-23
........................................................................................................................................................ 6-23
........................................................................................................................................................ 6-24
7.1
7.1.1
7.1.2
.......................................................................................................................................................... 7-1
.................................................................................................................................................. 7-1
.......................................................................................................................................................... 7-1
7.2
7.2.1
7.2.2
7.2.3
7.2.4
.......................................................................................................................................... 7-3
.......................................................................................................................................................... 7-3
.................................................................................................................................................. 7-3
.............................................................................................................................................. 7-3
.............................................................................................................................. 7-4
7.3
7.3.1
7.3.2
7.3.3
7.3.4
7.3.5
7.3.6
.......................................................................................................................................................... 7-7
.......................................................................................................................................................... 7-7
.................................................................................................................................................. 7-7
.......................................................................................................................................................... 7-7
.............................................................................................................................................. 7-7
.......................................................................................................................................................... 7-8
.......................................................................................................................................................... 7-9
7.4
7.4.1
7.4.2
7.4.3
.................................................................................................................................................... 7-11
........................................................................................................................................................ 7-11
................................................................................................................................................ 7-11
........................................................................................................................................................ 7-11
IV 1
GL 2010
7.4.4
7.4.5
7.4.6
7.4.7
7.4.8
7.4.9
7.4.10
7.4.11
............................................................................................................................................ 7-11
............................................................................................................................ 7-12
.................................................................................................................... 7-15
................................................................................................................................................ 7-16
........................................................................................................................................................ 7-16
............................................................................................................................................ 7-16
........................................................................................................................................................ 7-16
................................................................................................................................................ 7-17
7.5
7.5.1
7.5.2
.................................................................................................................... 7-19
................................................................................................................................................ 7-19
................................................................................................................................................ 7-20
7.6
7.6.1
7.6.2
7.6.3
7.6.4
.................................................................................................................................................... 7-21
........................................................................................................................................................ 7-21
................................................................................................................................................ 7-21
........................................................................................................................................................ 7-21
........................................................................................................................................................ 7-21
7.7
7.7.1
7.7.2
7.7.3
7.7.4
7.7.5
................................................................................................................................................ 7-23
........................................................................................................................................................ 7-23
................................................................................................................................................ 7-23
............................................................................................................................................ 7-23
........................................................................................................................................................ 7-23
........................................................................................................................................................ 7-23
7.8
7.8.1
7.8.2
7.8.3
7.8.4
................................................................................................................................................ 7-25
........................................................................................................................................................ 7-25
................................................................................................................................................ 7-25
............................................................................................................................................ 7-25
........................................................................................................................................ 7-26
7.9
7.9.1
7.9.2
7.9.3
................................................................................................................................................ 7-29
........................................................................................................................................................ 7-29
........................................................................................................................................................ 7-29
............................................................................................................................................ 7-29
7.10
7.10.1
7.10.2
7.10.3
............................................................................................................................................ 7-31
........................................................................................................................................................ 7-31
................................................................................................................................................ 7-31
........................................................................................................................................................ 7-32
7.A
7.A
7.A.1
7.A.2
7.A.3
7.A.4
7.A.5
............................................................................................................................................ 7-33
........................................................................................................................................................ 7-33
............................................................................................................................................ 7-33
.................................................................................................................................... 7-46
................................................................................................................................................ 7-46
........................................................................................................................................................ 7-46

10
IV 1
GL 2010
8.1
8.1.1
8.1.2
8.1.3
8.1.4
8.1.5
8.1.6
8.1.7
.................................................................................................................................................. 8-1
.......................................................................................................................................................... 8-1
.......................................................................................................................................................... 8-1
.......................................................................................................................................................... 8-1
...................................................................................................................................... 8-1
...................................................................................................................................... 8-1
.................................................................................................................................................. 8-1
.................................................................................................................................................. 8-2
8.2
8.2.1
8.2.2
8.2.3
8.2.4
8.2.5
8.2.6
8.2.7
8.2.8
.................................................................................................................................................. 8-5
.......................................................................................................................................................... 8-5
.......................................................................................................................................... 8-5
.................................................................................................................................. 8-5
.......................................................................................................................................................... 8-5
.............................................................................................................................................. 8-6
.......................................................................................................................................................... 8-6
.......................................................................................................................................... 8-6
.............................................................................................................................................. 8-6
8.3
8.3.1
8.3.2
8.3.3
8.3.4
8.3.5
.............................................................................................................................................. 8-9
.......................................................................................................................................................... 8-9
.......................................................................................................................................................... 8-9
.......................................................................................................................................................... 8-9
...................................................................................................................................... 8-9
................................................................................................................................ 8-10
8.4
8.4.1
8.4.2
8.4.3
8.4.4
8.4.5
8.4.6
8.4.7
.................................................................................................................................................... 8-11
........................................................................................................................................................ 8-11
.................................................................................................................... 8-11
................................................................................................................................................ 8-13
................................................................................................................................................ 8-14
.................................................................................................................................... 8-14
............................................................................................................................ 8-15
............................................................................................ 8-15
8.5
8.5.1
8.5.2
8.5.3
8.5.4
........................................................................................................................................ 8-17
........................................................................................................................................................ 8-17
.................................................................................................................................... 8-17
........................................................................................................................................................ 8-17
SF6 ........................................................................................................................................ 8-17
8.6
8.6.1
8.6.2
8.6.3
8.6.4
........................................................................................................................................ 8-19
........................................................................................................................................................ 8-19
................................................................................................................................................ 8-19
................................................................................................................................................ 8-19
................................................................................................................ 8-19
8.7
8.7.1
8.7.2
8.7.3
8.7.4
8.7.5
8.7.6
8.7.7
.................................................................................................... 8-21
........................................................................................................................................................ 8-21
........................................................................................................................................................ 8-21
................................................................................................................................................ 8-22
.................................................................................................................................................... 8-22
................................................................................................................................................ 8-23
........................................................................................................................ 8-23
2.1.4 ................................................................................................................... 8-23
IV 1
GL 2010
11
8.8
8.8.1
8.8.2
8.8.3
8.8.4
................................................................................................................................ 8-25
........................................................................................................................................................ 8-25
.................................................................................................................... 8-25
A ............................................................................................................... 8-25
........................................................................................................................ 8-25
8.9
8.9.1
8.9.2
8.9.3
................................................................................................................................................ 8-27
........................................................................................................................................................ 8-27
........................................................................................................................................ 8-27
............................................................................................................................................ 8-28
8.A
8.A
.................................................................................................... 8-33
9.1
9.1.1
9.1.2
9.1.3
.................................................................................................................................................. 9-1
.......................................................................................................................................................... 9-1
...................................................................................................................................... 9-1
...................................................................................................................................... 9-1
9.2
9.2.1
9.2.2
9.2.3
.................................................................................................................................................. 9-3
.......................................................................................................................................................... 9-3
...................................................................................................................................... 9-3
...................................................................................................................................... 9-3
9.3
9.3.1
9.3.2
9.3.3
.................................................................................................................................................. 9-7
.......................................................................................................................................................... 9-7
...................................................................................................................................... 9-7
...................................................................................................................................... 9-7
9.4
9.4.1
9.4.2
9.4.3
.................................................................................................................................................. 9-9
.......................................................................................................................................................... 9-9
...................................................................................................................................... 9-9
...................................................................................................................................... 9-9
10
10.1
10.1.1
10.1.2
....................................................................................................................................................... 10-1
................................................................................................................................................ 10-1
........................................................................................................................ 10-1
10.2
................................................................................................................................................ 10-3
10.3
................................................................................................................................................ 10-5
10.4
................................................................................................................................................ 10-7
10.5
10.5.1
10.5.2
10.5.3
10.5.4
10.5.5
10.5.6
........................................................................................................................................ 10-9
........................................................................................................................................................ 10-9
................................................................................................................................................ 10-9
........................................................................................................................................ 10-9
...................................................................................................................................... 10-10
...................................................................................................................................... 10-11
...................................................................................................................................... 10-12

12
IV 1
GL 2010
10.5.7
10.5.8
...................................................................................................................................... 10-13
.......................................................................................................................... 10-13
10.6
.............................................................................................................................................. 10-15
10.7
10.7.1
10.7.2
10.7.3
10.7.4
.............................................................................................................................. 10-17
...................................................................................................................................................... 10-17
.................................................................................................. 10-17
...................................................................................................... 10-17
.......................................................................................................................... 10-18
10.8
10.8.1
10.8.2
10.8.3
.......................................................................................................................................... 10-19
...................................................................................................................................................... 10-19
.............................................................................................................................................. 10-19
.......................................................................................................................... 10-19
11
11.1
11.1.1
11.1.2
............................................................................................................................................ 11-1
........................................................................................................................................................ 11-1
............................................................................................................................................ 11-1
11.2
11.2.1
11.2.2
11.2.3
............................................................................................................................ 11-3
.................................................................................................................................................... 11-3
........................................................................................................................................................ 11-3
........................................................................................................................................................ 11-3
IV 1
GL 2010
13
(Abnormal)
(Condition of the serviceability)
CRP
(Carbon Fibre Reinforced Plastic)
Coh
(Coherence function)
DA
(Design Assessment)
DAA
(Development Accompanying Assessment)
DOF
(Degree Of Freedom)
DLC
(Design Load Case)
ECG
(Extreme Coherent gust with Direction

change)
(Extreme Coherent Gust)
EDC
(Extreme Direction Change)
EOG
(Extreme Operating Gust)
EWM
(Extreme Wind speed Model)
EWS
(Extreme Wind Shear)
(Fatigue)
FEM
(Finite Element Method)
FRP
(Fibre Reinforced Plastic)
GRP
(Glass Fibre Reinforced Plastic)
GL
(Germanischer Lloyd)
ECD
LDD
(Germanischer Lloyd
WindEnergie GmbH)
(Germanischer Lloyd Industrial Services GmbH,

Renewables Certification)
(Implementation of designrelated requirements in Production and Erection)
(Load Duration Distribution)
(Normal and extreme)
NTM
(Normal Turbulence Model)
NWP
(Normal Wind Profile)
PC
(Project Certificate)
QM(S)
(Quality Management)
SS (Wind turbine class S)
SWT
(Small Wind Turbines)
GL Wind
GL RC
IPE
TC
(Transport, erection and

maintenance)
(Type Certificate)
(Ultimate limit state)
IV 1
GL 2010
15
m
-
AS
aISO
b1
m/s
CA
CW
CM
Cia
Cib
Cic
Cid
CIFF
cmax
cmin
Dd
DQ
DF
MPaN/mm
Fi
i = xy z
IV 1
GL 2010
16
FSmax
F0,2min
0.2 %
N/m
1/s
f0,n
1/s
fR
1/s
fR,m
1/s
MPaN/mm
N/m
g
h
(=9.81m/s)
m/s
h1
m
m4
I15
15 m/s
j0
Bessel
KA
KB
KB
KF
KF
KH
KH
Kv
Weibull
ks
S/N
L10mr
Le
IV 1
GL 2010
17
Lk
Nm
MBmin
kNm
MBminAusl
kNm
MBmax
kNm
Mi
i = xy z
Nm
Mk
Nm
Mn
Nm
kg
S/N
Ni
ND
1/min
n1
1/min
n2
1/min
n3
1/min
n4
1/min
nA
1/min
ni
nmax
1/min
nr
1/min
nref
pmax
N/mm2
IV 1
GL 2010
18
PA
kW
Pr
kW
PR (Vhub)
Rayleigh V < Vo
PT
kW
PW (Vhub)
N/m
N/m
qi
NNmMPa
Rr
Ra
NNmMPa
Sd
Sints
SB
SF
SH
S P
S1 (f)
m/s
sK
CK
T1
Ui
i%
IV 1
GL 2010
19
m/s
V (y, z, t)
m/s
V (z)
m/s
V (z, t)
m/s
VA
m/s
Vave
m/s
VB
m/s
Vcg
m/s
VeN
3 sN Ve1 Ve50
1 50
m/s
VgustN
m/s
Vhub
10
m/s
Vin
m/s
VN
10 N V1
V50 1 50
m/s
Vout
m/s
Vr
m/s
Vref
m/s
VT
10
VT
m/s
Xd
xx
yy
YNT
zhub
zz
IV 1
GL 2010
20
ZNT
{}
Gr
M0
Ma
Mb
Mc
Md
Me
M,3
iT
cg
(t)
eN
N(t)
mean, year
1year
min/max
min/max,
operation
IV 1
GL 2010
21
kg/m
kg/m
kg/m3
MPaN/mm
MPaN/mm
MPaN/mm
S/N
MPaN/mm
S/N
MPaN/mm
MPaN/mm
MPaN/mm
lim
MPaN/mm
MPaN/mm
MPaN/mm
m/s
MPaN/mm
MPaN/mm
1/s
1/s
1P2P
3P...
123...
1/s
IV 1
GL 2010
22
max
min
(Rd,p)
k d
Rd Rk
res
k d
FSd MSk
(Rd,t)
xx
yy
zz
(Sd,c)
MM
IV
2010
IV 1
GL 2010
1
3
1.1
1.1.1
1.1.2
1.1.3
1.1.4
1.1.5
1.1.6
1.1.7
......................................................................................................................................................... 1-1
......................................................................................................................................................... 1-1
...................................................................................................................................................... 1-1
......................................................................................................................................................... 1-1
...................................................................................................................................... 1-1
GL ....................................................................................................................................... 1-1
GL ....................................................................................................................................... 1-2
.................................................................................................................................................. 1-2
1.2
1.2.1
1.2.2
1.2.2.1
1.2.2.2
1.2.2.3
1.2.2.3.1
1.2.2.3.2
1.2.2.3.3
1.2.2.3.4
1.2.2.4
1.2.2.4.1
1.2.2.4.2
1.2.2.4.3
1.2.2.5
1.2.2.5.1
1.2.2.5.2
1.2.2.5.3
1.2.2.5.4
1.2.2.5.5
1.2.2.6
1.2.2.7
1.2.2.8
1.2.2.9
1.2.3
1.2.3.1
1.2.3.2
1.2.3.3
1.2.3.4
1.2.3.5
1.2.3.6
1.2.3.7
1.2.3.8
1.2.3.9
............................................................................................................................................. 1-3
.............................................................................................................................................. 1-3
A B ................................................................................................................. 1-3
......................................................................................................................................................... 1-3
.......................................................................................................................................... 1-3
C D ..................................................................................................................... 1-4
......................................................................................................................................................... 1-4
.......................................................................................................................................... 1-4
.......................................................................................................................................... 1-5
.................................................................................................................................................. 1-5
A B ......................................................................................................... 1-5
.......................................................................................................................................... 1-5
...................................................................................................................................... 1-5
.............................................................................................................................................. 1-7
(IPE) .................................................................................... 1-7
......................................................................................................................................................... 1-7
.......................................................................................................................................... 1-7
.......................................................................................................................................... 1-7
.......................................................................................................................................... 1-7
IPE ........................................................................................................................... 1-8
.......................................................................................................................................... 1-8
................................................................................................................................................. 1-8
................................................................................................................................................. 1-9
................................................................................................................................................. 1-9
A B ............................................................................................................................. 1-9
......................................................................................................................................................... 1-9
.......................................................................................................................................... 1-9
.................................................................................................................................... 1-11
............................................................................................................................ 1-11
................................................................................................................................ 1-11
.................................................................................................................... 1-11
................................................................................................................................ 1-12
............................................................................................................................................... 1-12
............................................................................................................................................... 1-12
1.3
1.3.1
1.3.2
1.3.2.1
1.3.2.2
1.3.2.2.1
1.3.2.2.2
1.3.2.3
1.3.2.4
1.3.3
1.3.4
........................................................................................................................ 1-13
....................................................................................................................................................... 1-13
....................................................................................................................................................... 1-13
....................................................................................................................................................... 1-13
............................................................................................................................................... 1-13
........................................................................................................................................ 1-13
............................................................................................................................ 1-13
........................................................................................................................................ 1-13
........................................................................................................................................ 1-14
................................................................................................................................................ 1-14
................................................................................................................................................ 1-14
IV 1
GL 2010
1.A
1.A.1.1
1.A.1.2
1.A.1.3
1.A.1.4
1.A.1.5
1.A.2
1.A.2.1
1.A.2.2
1.A.2.3
1
4
....................................................................................................................................... 1-15
............................................................................................................................................... 1-15
............................................................................................................................................ 1-15
....................................................................................................................................................... 1-15
............................................................................................................................................... 1-15
.................................................................................................................................... 1-16
................................................................................................................................................ 1-16
............................................................................................................................................... 1-16
....................................................................................................................................................... 1-16
....................................................................................................................................................... 1-16
1.B ....................................................................................................................................... 1-17

1.B.1
....................................................................................................................................................... 1-17
1.B.2
............................................................................................................................................ 1-17
1.C ....................................................................................................................................... 1-19
1.C.1
....................................................................................................................................................... 1-19
1.C.2
....................................................................................................................................................... 1-19
1.D
1.D.1
1.D.2
1.D.3
................................................................................................................................... 1-21
....................................................................................................................................................... 1-21
A ............................................................................................................................ 1-21
B ..................................................................................................... 1-21
1.E
1.E.1
1.E.2
1.E.2.1
1.E.2.2
1.E.2.3
1.E.3.
....................................................................................................................................... 1-23
....................................................................................................................................................... 1-23
................................................................................................................................................ 1-23
I ..................................................................................................................................................... 1-23
II.................................................................................................................................................... 1-23
III .................................................................................................................................................. 1-23
TAPS-2000 2 ..................................................................................... 1-23
1.F
1.F.1
1.F.2
1.F.3
....................................................................................................................................... 1-25
....................................................................................................................................................... 1-25
................................................................................................................................ 1-25
............................................................................................................................................ 1-25
1.G
1.G.1
1.G.2
1.G.2.1
1.G.2.2
1.G.2.3
....................................................................................................................................... 1-27
....................................................................................................................................................... 1-27
............................................................................................................................................ 1-27
(Denki Jigyou Hou)................................................................................................................... 1-27
(Kenchiku Kijun Hou)....................................................................................................... 1-27
NEDO ............................................................................................................ 1-27
1.H
1.H.1
1.H.2
1.H.3
1.H.4
1.H.5
1.H.6
....................................................................................................................................... 1-29
....................................................................................................................................................... 1-29
.................................................................................................................................... 1-29
.................................................................................................................................... 1-29
.................................................................................................................................... 1-29
.................................................................................................................................... 1-30
................................................................................................................................................ 1-30
1.I
1.I.1
1.I.2
1.I.3
IEC CENELEC ...................................................................................................................... 1-31

....................................................................................................................................................... 1-31
................................................................................................................ 1-31
....................................................................................................................................................... 1-32
IV 1
GL 2010
1.1
1
1-1
1.1
1.1.1
(1)
(2) Germanischer Lloyd

2003 2004
(3)
(4)
(3) 2004 2003 GL
1.1.3
(1) GL
(2)
(3)
(4)
GL
(5)
(5) 1.H
1.1.4
(6) Germanischer Lloyd
Industrial Services GmbH
(GL) 1.2
(1)
/ 1.A
1.B1.C1.D1.E1.F 1.G
DIN EN 50308
(DIN
EN 50308 Wind turbines Protective measures Requirements for design, operation and maintenance)
1.1.2
(1)
GL2003
2004
1
GL GL 2003
2004
GL 5
GL GL 2003
2004 5
(2)
(2)
(3)
http://www.gl-group.com/pdf/IGCC_list.pdf
(4) IEC CENELEC
1.I
1.1.5
GL
(1) GL
Germanischer Lloyd IV
1 12
2009
Germanischer Lloyd IV
4
2007
(2)
1
1-2
1.1.6
GL
(1) GL
GL 065 (TN 65)

(GCC)
GL 066 (TN 66)

(GCC) (LVRT)
GL 067 (TN 67)
GL
GL
(2)
(3)
1.1
IV 1
GL 2010
1.1.7
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
GL
IV 1
GL 2010
1.2
1
1-3
1.2
1.2.1
(1) 1.2.2
1.2.3
(2)
C D
1.2.2.3
(3) 1.2.2.5.3 4
1.2.2
A B
1.2.2.1
(1)
(2) A B
1.2.1A B
A B 1.2.2.4
IPE
1.2.2.5
1.2.2.6
1.2.2.7
1.2.2.8
(3) GL A B
(4) A B
A B B
B
B
1.2.2.2
(1) B
B
B
GL
(2)
A
(3) GL
a)
IPE
1.2.1 1.2.2
b)
c)
IPE 1.2.1
1.2.2
d) /
1.2.2.5.4 8
(4) A
(5)
1.2.2.9
1.2.1
-
-
-
1.2
1
1-4
IV 1
GL 2010
1.2.2
-
1.1.1
Design
As
sessment
Implementation
the design-related
of
requirements in
tion and
produc
erection
Quality
management
system
Prototype test,
including
prototype test of
the
gearbox at the
wind turbine
Final
Assessment
Type
Certificate
1.2.1
1.2.2.3 C D
1.2.2.3.1
(1) C D
GL C D
(2) C
Prototypengutachten
(3) D
D
1.2.2.3.2
(1) C D
C D
(2) C
2 4000
A B
IV 1
GL 2010
1.2
(3) D 2
A B
1.2.2.3.3
(1) D
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
4 4.B 4.B.1
4.B.2
Campbell
h)
i)
j)
k)
l)
(2) C D
1
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
10 50
(3) C D
a)
b)
c)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4) 1.2.2.3.1
C
1.2.2.4 A B
1.2.2.4.1
(1) A B
1.2.2
m)
a)
1.2.2.3.4
1
1-5
(2) GL A B
(3) B
B
GL
(4)
A A
GL
(5) A B
1.2.2.4.2
(1)
1.2.2.5
1.2
1
1-6
(2)
/ 4
(3)
6.2
6.3 6.5
6.4
IV 1
GL 2010
- 8
6.6 6.7
(4)
GL
Assessment of loads
and
safety concept
Certification Report:
Load assumptions
- - Rotor
blade tests
- - Prototype
test of the gearbox at

- the
test bench
- Prototype
test of the generator at
1.2.2.4.3
test bench
- the
Assessment of the design

documentation
and the manuals
- Protopype tests electrical

components (see 1.2.2.4.3)
- Witnessing of the commissioning
Certification
Reports:
- and
- Safety system
manuals
- Rotor blades
- Machinery components
- Electrical installations and lightning protection
- Tower (and foundation)
- Nacelle cover
spinner
- and
- Commissioning witnessing
For items still outstanding:

B
B - Design
Assessment
No items outstanding:
A
A - Design
Assessment
1.2.2 A B
IV 1
GL 2010
1.2.2.4.3
1.2
10.1.2
1
1-7
(3) CMP
1.2.2.4
(4)
1.2.2.5
(IPE)
1.2.2.5.1
1.2.2.4
GL
GL
1.2.2.5.2
(1) 3.1
(2) IPE
(QM) QM
ISO 9001 GL QM
3.2.3
1.2.2.5.3
(1) QM IPE
IPE
IPE
/ (CMP)
(2) CMP
CMP
IPE
1.2.2.5.4
2
CMP
1.2.2.5.4
(1) GL
1.2
1
1-8
CMP
(2)
IPE
IPE
//
IPE
IPE
GL
IV 1
GL 2010
b)
c)
/
IPE
d) /
QM QM
e)
/IPE
(3) GL
(4) GL
(3)
GL
IPE
(4) GL
IPE
1.2.2.6
(5) IPE GL
(QM)
ISO 9001
QM
3.2
(6)
GL
1.2.2.7
(7)
(1)
10.1.1
IPE
GL
(8) IPE GL
IPE
1.2.2.5.5
IPE
(1) IPE
GL
(2) GL
a)
(2) GL
(3) 10
10.1.1.1 5
GL
(4) GL
IV 1
GL 2010
1.2
1.2.2.8
1.2.2.9
1
1-9
(3) A B
1.2.3A B
(1)
GL
1.2.2.2
1.2.2
1.2.3.3
1.2.3.4
(2) GL
6.7
1.2.3.5
a)
b)
1.2.3.6
1.2.3.7
c)
1.2.3.8
1.2.3.9
IPE
1.2.1 1.2.2
d) QM
e)
f)
1.2.1
1.2.2
(3) IPE
1.2.2.5.5
(4)
1.2.3
A B
1.2.3.1
(1)
(2)
GL
(4) GL
(5) A B
A B B
B B
1.2.3.2
(1) B
B B
B
(2)
A A
GL
GL
1.2
1
1-10
IV 1
GL 2010
Type
Certificate
Assessment
of site
design
conditions
Site-specific
Design
Assessment
Examination
of
foundation
Surveillance
during
production
Final
Assessment
Project
Certificate
Periodic
Monitoring
1.2.3
Suveillance
during
transport
and erection
Surveillance
during
com
missioning
IV 1
GL 2010
1.2.3.3
1.2
(1)
(2)
6.7
4 8
1.2.3.4
(1)
1
1-11
(6)
GL
(7)
1.2.3.5
(1)
(QM) QM
ISO 9001 GL QM
3.2.3
(2)
GL GL
1.2.2.5.3 4
QM
3
5 6
6 7
(3)
6 7
GL
(2)
(4) GL 25 % GL
/
(3)
1.2.3.6
(4)
(5)
GL
(1) 9.1
(2) GL
GL
1
1-12
1.2
IV 1
GL 2010
1.2.3.8
(3) GL 25 %
GL
1.2.3.7
(1)
(5)
9.2
1.2.3.9
(1)
GL 11
GL
(2) 9.2
GL
(2) GL
GL
GL
(3)
10 % GL /
(4)
(3) GL GL
(4) 11
IV 1
GL 2010
1.3
1
1-13
1.3
1.3.1
(1)
ISO 2394
(ISO 2394 General principles on reliability for
structures) DIN EN 1990
(DIN EN 1990 Eurocode: Basis of
structural design)
(2)
1.3.2.1
(1)
(2)
(3)
1.3.2.2.2
(3)
(4)
(5)
1.3.2
1.3.2.1
1.3.2.3
(1)
F
(2) 4.3.5
(3)
1.3.1
Fd = F Fk
(1.3.1)
1.3.2.2
1.3.2.2.1
Fd
Fk
1.3
1
1-14
(4)
(5)
F
1.3.2.4
(1) M
(3) ISO 2394(ISO 2394

General principles on reliability for structures)
DIN EN 1990(DIN
EN 1990 Eurocode: Basis of structural design)
1.3.4
(2) Rd 1.3.2
Rk
Rd = Rk/M
(1.3.2)
IV 1
GL 2010
(1)
(3) 5.3 5.4 5.5
1.3.3
(2)
(1)
S
S = S (Fd)
(1.3.3)
(2)
S Rd
(3)
(1.3.4)
IV 1
GL 2010
1.A
1.A
1
1-15
1.A.1
1.A.1.2
(1)
Bauordnungsrecht 1.A.1.1
1.A.1.4
/
allgemeine bauaufsichtliche Zulassung
DIBt Deutsches Institut fr Bautechnik
DIN 1045-3
(2)
1.A.1.5
(EEG)
2010 6 30
1.A.1.5
(GCC)
Anlagenzertifikat (GCC)
(GCC)Einheitenzertifikat
1.A.1.3
DIN 18 800-7
(1)
Richtlinie
fr
Windenergieanlagen;
Einwirkungen und Standsicherheitsnachweise fr Turm
und Grndung[
]DIBt Deutsches Institut fr
Bautechnik []2004[4.2]
(2)
DIBt
DIN EN 61400-1
1.A.1.1
DIN EN 10204

(Metallic products Types of
inspection documents)
DIN 1045-2
2
(Concrete,
reinforced and prestressed concrete
structures Part 2: Concrete;
Specification,
properties,
production and conformity)
DIN EN 206-1
1
(Concrete
Part 1: Specification, performance,
DIN EN 12843
(Precast
concrete products Masts and poles)
DIN 18 800-1
1
(Structural steelwork Part 1:
Design and construction)
DIN 18 800-7
3
(Concrete,
reinforced
and
prestressed concrete structures
Part 3: Execution of structures)
7
(Steel structures Part 7:
Execution
and
constructors
qualification)
7
(Steel structures Part 7:
Execution
and
constructors
qualification)
(3)
DIBt
DIBt
(4)
DIBt
DIBt DIN EN
61400-1:2004 DIN EN 61400-1:2006 [4.7]
DIBt [4.3]DIN EN 614001:2006 DIBt
1.A.3 DIBt
DLC 6.1
F = 1.5
1.A.1.4
Technische Richtlinien [ ]
Frdergesellschaft Windenergie und andere Erneuerbare
Energien e.V. (FGW)
1.A
1
1-16
IV 1
GL 2010
(5)
1.A.1.5 4
1.A.2
1.A.1.5
1.A.2.1
(1)
2010 6 30
1.A.1.4 3
(1)
DIBt B
DIBt B B
[4.3] DIN 1055-4:2005
(2)
2010 6 30
1.A.1.4 8
(2)
B
Germanischer Lloyd
DIN 1055-4:2005
(3)
2010 6 30
1.A.1.5 4
(GCC)
(4)
Verordnung zu
Systemdienstleistungen durch Windenergieanlagen
Systemdienstleistungsverordnung SDLWindV
2009 7 3 Bundesgesetzblatt
Jahrgang 2009 Teil I Nr. 39, ausgegeben zu Bonn am 10.
Juli 2009 1734
1.A.2.2
(1)
ENV 1993
3 DIN 18800DIN 4131 DIN 4133
(2)
DIN 1045-1
DIN 4228
1.A.2.3
DIN 1054
IV 1
GL 2010
1.B
1.B
1.B.1
(1)

Typegodkendelse af Vindmller
Energistyrelsen
Energistyrelsen2008 6
26 651 Bekendtgrelse
om teknisk godkendelsesordning for konstruktion,
fremstilling, opstilling, vedligeholdelse og service af
vindmller
DEO
Energistyrelsens vejledning om teknisk
godkendelsesordning for konstruktion, fremstilling og
opstilling af vindmller i Danmark
DEA
(2)
IEC WT01 -
IEC (IEC System for Conformity Testing
and Certification of Wind Turbines Rules and
Procedures) DEO
IEC WT01 DEA
ISO 9001
(3)
GL
1
1-17
1.B.2
(1)
651 (DEO)
(2)
DEO
IEC
(3)
DEA DEO
(4)
(5)
http://www.wt-certification.dk/UK/Rules.htm
http://www.wtcertification.dk/UK/Bodies.htm
IV 1
GL 2010
1.C
1.C
1.C.1
(1)
type certificaat Raad voor de

Accreditatie (RvA)
(2)
RvA GL
(3)
2006 3 27 (NEC)
88 IEC 61400-1 3 IEC
WT 01 NVN 11400-0, 1999
1.C.2
1
1-19
(2)
(3)
IEC ISO
NEN
1.C.3
(1)
NEC 88
IEC 61400-1 3
(1)
NEC 88
(2)
IEC WT 01
IV 1
GL 2010
1.D
1.D
1.D.1
CSA 1.2 2008 1

(CSA Guide to Canadian wind turbine codes and
standards Draft version 1.2 January 2008)
(www.csa.ca)
1.D.2
(1)
A
(2)
CSA
1
1-21
1.D.3
B
/
1.E
IV 1
GL 2010
1.E
1.E.1
(1)
C-WET
TAPS-2000
2003 4
(TAPS-2000, Type Approval Provisional
Scheme, Provisional Type Certification Scheme for
Wind Turbine Generator Systems in India, amended in
April 2003)
(2)
TAPS-2000
40
TAPS-2000
(3)
IEC 61400-22
IEC 61400-1 TAPS-2000 2
1.E.2
1.E.2.1 I
(1)
Germanischer Lloyd
IEC WT01 IEC 61400-22
A B
(2)
1
1-23
1.E.2.2 II
1.E.2.3 III
(1)
(2)
1.E.3. TAPS-2000
2
2
Weibull
IEC 61400-1
IS 875
3 1987
-5 C +60 C
+0 C +50 C
99 %
1.20 kg/m3
350
IV 1
GL 2010
1.F
1.F
1.F.1
(1)
(2)
(SAC) IEC TC88

SAC TC50
(3)
GL
1.F.2
(1)
IEC
1
1-25
1.F.3
(1)
GB
T
GB 18451.1-2001
IEC 61400-1:1999
GB/T 18451.2-2003
IEC 6140012:1998
GB/T 18709-2002
GB/T 18710-2002
GB/T 19069-2003
GB/T 19070-2003
(2)
IEC WT01:2001
GB/T 19071.1-2003
(3) IEC 61400-1:2005

GB 18451.1:2001
GB/T 19071.2-2003
(4) IEC
GB/T 19072-2003
GB/T 19073-2008
(5)
GB/T 19568-2004
GB/T 19960.1-2005
1
1-26
1.F
IV 1
GL 2010
GB/T 19960.2-2005
2
GB/T 20319-2006
GB/T 20320-2006
IEC61400-21:2001
(2)
JB
JB
T
JB/T 7323-1994
B/T 10426.2-2004
2
JB/T 10427-2004
JB/T 10705-2007
(3)
DL
DL
T
DL/T 666-1999
JB/T 10194-2000
JB/T 10300-2001
JB/T 10425.1-2004
1
JB/T 10425.2-2004
2
JB/T 10426.1-2004
DL 796-2001
DL/T 797-2001
DL/T 5067-1996
DL/T 5191-2004
(4)
CEPRI
GB/Z 19963-2005
(5)
http://www.sac.gov.cn/templet/default/displayTechnic
alCommitteeInfo.do?tcId=906
1.G
IV 1
GL 2010
1.G
1.G.1
(1)
(Electric Utility Law)

(Building Standard Law)
1
1-27
(3)
(4)
ISO IEC
(2)
GL
1.G.2
1.G.2.1 (Denki Jigyou Hou)
(1)
(Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency)

(Ministry of Economics, Trade
and Industry)
(5)
(6)
(JIS)
JAS
JIS/JAS
1.G.2.3 NEDO
(2)
1.G.2.2 (Kenchiku Kijun Hou)
(1)
60m
(Ministry of Land,
Infrastructure, Transportation and Tourism)
(2)
(1)
NEDO
2008
NEDO (METI)
NEDO
(2)
IV 1
GL 2010
1.H
1.H
1.H.1
(1)
(SWT) IEC 61400-2
(2)
(SWT) IEC 61400-2
IEC 61400-2
(3)
1.2
(4)
Germanischer
Lloyd Industrial Services GmbH
(GL) 1.2
(5)
1.2
(6)
IEC 61400-2 SWT
GL
1.H.2
(1)
DIBt
2004 SWT 40m
IEC 61400-2
SWT
(2)
SWT 2008 6
26 651 (DEO)
(3)
SWT
(MCS, Microgeneration Certification
Scheme)2008 2008 2 29
BWEA (Small
Wind Turbine Performance and Safety Standard)
1
1-29
1.H.3
(1)
SWT
IEC 61400-2
2 5.2 7.4
(2)
1.H.4
(1)
IEC 61400-2 2
7.8.1 d
(2)
1.35
(3)
1.1
1.0
(4)
(5)
5.5.2.4
IEC 61400-2 7.8.1 d
IEC 61400-2 7.8
(6)
IEC 61400-2 2 7.8.1
6
FRP
(7)
IEC 61400-2 2 E.4.2
1
1-30
1.H.5
1.H
(1)
(SPD)
SWT
SWT
SWT
(2)
IEC 61400-2 SWT
TN-C-STT
IV 1
GL 2010
(3)
IEC 61400-2 8.1
1.H.6
(1)
ISO/IEC 17025
GL
(2)
GL
10.8
1.I IEC CENELEC
IV 1
GL 2010
1.I
1.I.1
IEC CENELEC
IEC 61400-12-1
(1)
1988
88 TC 88
(TR) (TS)
(2)
(IEC)
(CENELEC)
DINVDE
(4)
(Power
Performance Measurements of
Electricity
Producing
Wind
Turbines)
IEC TS 61400-13 (Measurement of

Mechanical Loads)
IEC TS 61400-14
(Declaration of Apparent Sound
Power Level and Tonality Values)
IEC 61400-21
(Measurement and Assessment

of Power Quality Characteristics
of Grid Connected Wind Turbines)
(2001)
IEC 61400-21
(Measurement and Assessment

of Power Quality Characteristics
of Grid Connected Wind Turbines)
(2008)
(3)
(IEC)
CENELEC TC 88
1.I.2
1
1-31
IEC 60034
(Rotating Electrical
Machines)
IEC 60050-415
- 415
(International
Electrotechnical Vocabulary - Part
415: Wind turbine generator
systems)
IEC 61400-1
(Safety Requirements)
(1999)
IEC 61400-1
(Design Requirements)
(2005)
IEC 61400-1/A1
IEC 61400-1
(Amendment to IEC 61400-1)
IEC 61400-2
(Design
Requirements for Small Wind
Turbines)
IEC 61400-3
(Design
Requirements for Small Wind
Turbines)
IEC 61400-11
(Acoustic Noise
Measurement Techniques)
IEC TS 61400-23
(Full-Scale Structural Testing
of Rotor Blades)
IEC 61400-24
(Lightning Protection)
IEC 61400-25
(Communication Standard
for Control and Monitoring of
Wind Power Plants) 1-5
DIN EN 61400-1 (Design requirements)

DIN EN 61400-2 (Design
requirements for small wind
turbines)
DIN EN 61400-11 (Acoustic noise
measurement techniques)
DIN EN 61400-12-1
(Power
Performance
Measurements of Electricity
Producing Wind Turbines)
DIN EN 61400-21
(Measurement and assessment
of power quality characteristics of
grid connected wind turbines)
1
1-32
1.I IEC CENELEC
DIN IEC 61400-24 (Lightning Protection)
DIN EN 50376
DIN EN 61400-25
(Communication Standard
for Control and Monitoring of
Wind Power Plants) 1-5
DIN EN 50308

(Wind turbines
Protective
measures
Requirements
for
design,
operation and maintenance)
1.I.3
DIN EN 50308
DIN EN 50308
(Corrigendum to DIN EN 50308)
pr EN 50373
(Electromagnetic
compatibility)
IV 1
GL 2010
(Declaration of sound power level

and tonality values of wind
turbines)
IEC www.iec.ch
EN www.cenelec.org
DIN www.din.de
IV
2010
IV 1
GL 2010
2
3
2.1
2.1.1
2.1.2
2.1.3
2.1.4
......................................................................................................................................................... 2-1
............................................................................................................................................................ 2-1
.................................................................................................................................................... 2-1
.................................................................................................................................................... 2-1
.................................................................................................................... 2-2
2.2
2.2.1
2.2.2
2.2.2.1
2.2.2.2
2.2.2.3
2.2.2.4
2.2.2.5
2.2.2.6
2.2.2.7
2.2.2.8
2.2.2.9
2.2.2.10
2.2.2.11
2.2.2.12
2.2.2.13
2.2.2.14
2.2.3
2.2.3.1
2.2.3.2
2.2.3.3
2.2.3.4
2.2.3.5
..................................................................................................................................... 2-3
............................................................................................................................................................ 2-3
............................................................................................................................................................ 2-3
................................................................................................................................ 2-3
................................................................................................................................ 2-3
.................................................................................................................................................... 2-3
.................................................................................................................................................... 2-3
............................................................................................................................................................ 2-3
............................................................................................................................................ 2-4
............................................................................................................................................................ 2-4
............................................................................................................................................................ 2-5
........................................................................................................................................................ 2-5
........................................................................................................................................ 2-5
.................................................................................................................................... 2-5
.................................................................................................................................... 2-5
............................................................................................................................ 2-5
................................................................................................................................................ 2-6
........................................................................................................................................ 2-6
............................................................................................................................................ 2-6
.................................................................................................................................................... 2-6
.................................................................................................................................................... 2-6
.................................................................................................................................................... 2-6
............................................................................................................................................ 2-7
2.3
2.3.1
2.3.2
2.3.2.1
2.3.2.2
2.3.2.3
2.3.2.4
2.3.2.5
2.3.2.6
2.3.2.7
2.3.2.8
2.3.2.9
2.3.2.10
2.3.2.11
2.3.2.12
2.3.2.13
2.3.2.14
2.3.2.15
2.3.2.16
2.3.2.17
2.3.2.18
2.3.2.19
2.3.3
2.3.3.1
2.3.3.2
..................................................................................................................................... 2-8
............................................................................................................................................................ 2-8
........................................................................................................................................ 2-8
............................................................................................................................................................ 2-8
............................................................................................................................................................ 2-8
............................................................................................................................................................ 2-8
............................................................................................................................................................ 2-9
...................................................................................................................................................... 2-10
.......................................................................................................................................... 2-10
.......................................................................................................................................................... 2-10
.......................................................................................................................................... 2-10
/......................................................................................................................................... 2-11
...................................................................................................................................................... 2-11
.............................................................................................................................. 2-11
.............................................................................................................................................. 2-12
.............................................................................................................................................. 2-12
.......................................................................................................................................... 2-12
.............................................................................................................................................. 2-13
...................................................................................................................................... 2-13
.......................................................................................................................................... 2-13
...................................................................................................... 2-13
...................................................................................................................................... 2-13
.............................................................................................................. 2-14
.......................................................................................................................................................... 2-14
...................................................................................................................................... 2-14
2
4
2.3.3.3
2.3.3.4
IV 1
GL 2010
.................................................................................................................................................. 2-14
...................................................................................................................................... 2-14
2.A
2.A
............................................................................................................... 2-15
2.B
2.B
............................................................................................................................... 2-17
2.C
2.C
....................................................................................................................... 2-20
IV 1
GL 2010
2.1
2
2-1
2.1
2.1.1
(1)
2
4
(2)
2
(3)
1.1.1 6
2.1.2
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
7.9
8.1
k) 2.2.3.3 8
l)
2.1.3
m) 2.1.4
(2)
2
(1)
a)
j)
2.3.3
(3)
2.B
2.1.3
(1)
A
2.2.2.11 2
(2)
2
2-2
2.1
(3)
(FMEA)
IV 1
GL 2010
PLr d
1
ISO 13849-1:2006
FMEA(IEC 60812)
2.C
/ ISO 13849-2:2003
. 2
(Safety of machinery Safety-related parts
of control systems Part 2:Validation)
(4)
DLC 2.x
4.3.3.2 DLC 7.x
4.3.3.7
(5)
2.1.4
2.1.4
(1)
2.2.2.3
(2)
1
(PL) ISO 13849 1 : 2006 4.3
(3)
2.2.2.3 /
ISO 13849 1 :
2006 3.1.1
(SRP/CS)
(4)
3 SR/CS
2 PL PL
ISO 13849 1 : 2006 4.5
(5)
1 4
GL 3 4
ISO 13849 1 : 2006 10
IV 1
GL 2010
2.2
2
2-3
2.2
2.2.1
2.2.3
2.1.1 1 4
ISO 13849 1 : 2006
2.2.2
2.2.2.1
(1)
(2)
2.2.2.2
(1)
(2)
2.2.2.3
1.1.1
6
1.3.2.2
2.2.2.4
(1)
(2)
(3)
2.2.2.5
(1)
(2)
3 -
5
(3)
2
2-4
2.2
IV 1
GL 2010
n speed n
Rotational
nmax
nA
n4
n3
n2
nr
Shut-down
by safety system
Shut-down by control system
Operating
range
n1-nn13 - n3
n1
Vin
Vr
Vout
VA
Wind
speed
V V
2.2.1
(4)
(6)
nmax
8.2.2
(5)
(7)
24
2.2.2.6
(1)
n1
n3
(2)
nr Vr
2.2.2.8 2
(3)
Vr
n2 2.2.2.8
2
n2
(4)
n4
(5)
nA
2.2.2.7
(1)
Pr
8.2.2
(2)
PT
(3)
PA
IV 1
GL 2010
2.2
2
2-5
Power P
Shut-down
by safety system
Intervention by control system
PA
PT
Pr
Vin
Vr
Vout
VA
2.2.2
2.2.2.8
(1)
Vin
NWP 4.2.3.1.2
(2)
Vr
NWP
4.2.3.1.2 2.2.2.7
1
(3)
Vout
(4)
VA
1 3
10
2.2.2.9
2.2.2.10
(1)
(2)
2.2.2.11
(1)

(2)
A
2.2.2.12
(1)
4.2.5
/
(2)
0 1 - 2
2.2.2.13
(1)
2
2-6
2.2
(2)
(3)
6
6 7
2.2.2.14
2.2.3
2.2.3.1
2
2.1.4
4.2
2.2.3.3
(3)
(4)
(5)
2.2.3.2
IV 1
GL 2010
(1)
(2)
(6)
(7)
2.2.2.5
(8)
10.8
ISO 13849 1 :
2006 - 11 4.6
2.2.3.4
2.2.3.4.1
(1)
(2)
nmax 2.2.2.6
6 4.3.3.2
(3)
2.3.2.15
4.3.3.5 4.3.3.8
2.2.3.4.2
IV 1
GL 2010
2.2
(1)
(2)
nmax 2.2.2.6
6 4.3.3.2
2
2-7
2.2.3.4.5
(1)
(2)
2.3.2.11 7.9
8.6
(3)
DLC 2.2,
4.3.3.2 Vr
2.2.2.8 2
VB = 2 * 1
(4)
VB =
4.2.3.1.3 1 =
(3)
4.2.3.2.4
Vcg VB T = 2.5 s
2.2.3.4.3
2.2.3.4.4
2.2.2.13
2.2.3.5
2
2-8
2.3
IV 1
GL 2010
2.3
2.3.1
(1)
(2)
2A
2.3.2
2.3.2.1
2.3.2.2
2.3.2.2.1
nA 2.2.2.5
5
(1)
(2)
2.3.2.2.3
(4)
24 3
2.3.2.2.4
nA 2.2.2.6 5
8.2.2
2.3.2
24
2.3.2.2.2
(3)
(1)
2.2.2.6
1 (n > n3)
(2)
n4 2.2.2.6 4 )
2.3.2.2.5
(1)
2.3.2.2.4
nmax
2.2.2.6 6
(2)
2.3.2.3
2.3.2.3.1
(1)
(2)
(3)
PT
2.2.2.7 2
(4)
1 - 10
(5)
1 MW
2.3.2.3.4
IV 1
GL 2010
2.3.2.3.2
2.3
PT Pr
(1)
PT
Pr 2.2.2.7 1
)
(2)
(3)
PT
2
2-9
(4)
2.2.2.5
2.3.2.4
2.3.2.4.1
2.3.2.4.2
PT Pr
Pr
(4)
PT
24 3
2.3.2.3.3
(1)
2.3.2.4.1
(2)
PA
(1)
PA
PA ( 2.2.2.7 3
)
(2)
(3)
2.3.2.4.3
2.2.2.8 3 Vout
2.3.2.4.4
(3)
PA
2.3.2.3.4
(1)
1MW 1MW
PA
(2)
(3)
2.2.2.5
2.2.2.8
4 VA
2.3.2.4.5
2.3.2.4.6
2
2-10
2.3
2.3.2.5
2.3.2.5.1
(1)
(2)
2.3.2.5.2
(1)
(2)
2.3.2.11
2.3.2.5.3
IV 1
GL 2010
24 3
2.3.2.7
2.3.2.7.1
2.3.2.7.2
2.3.2.7.3
(1)
(2)
2.3.2.5.1 2
(3)
24 3
2.3.2.6
2.3.2.6.1
(1)
2.2.2.10
2.3.2.7.4
2.3.2.8
2.3.2.8.1
(1)
(2)
- 3
(2)
2.3.2.6.2
(1)
(2)
-
4
-
5
(3)
IV 1
GL 2010
2.3
2
2-11
(4)
6.6.5.1 5
2.3.2.9
2.3.2.9.1
(5)
2.3.2.8.2
2.3.2.9.2
(1)
(2)
2.3.2.9.3
(3)
2.3.2.8.3
2.3.2.10
2.3.2.10.1
(1)
8.7.3
2.3.2.10.2
(2)
2.3.2.10.2
(1)
(3)
2.3.2.8.5
2.3.2.8.4
(2)
2.3.2.8.4
24 3
2.3.2.11
2.3.2.11.1
2.2.3.4
2.2.3.4.3
2.2.3.4.5
2.3.2.11.2
/
2
2-12
2.3
2.2.3.4.5 2.3.2.5
2.3.2.11.3
2.3.2.11.4
2.3.2.12
IV 1
GL 2010
(3)
2.3.2.12.3
2.3.2.13
2.3.2.13.1
2.3.2.13.2
2.3.2.12.1
2.3.2.13.3
(1)
2.3.2.12.2
2.3.2.12.3
2.3.2.12.2
2.3.2.12.4
180
(2)
A 2.2.2.11
2
(1)
2.3.2.13.4
2.3.2.14
V 0.8*Vref
(1)
4.2.5
(2)
(2)
IV 1
GL 2010
2.3
2
2-13
5 % 10 %
2.3.2.15
(2)
24
3
2.3.2.15.1
(1)
(2)
ISO 13850IEC 60204-1IEC 60947-55
GL 2005
IEC 61400-1 8.3
47
2.3.2.15.2
(1)
(2)
(3)
VT
4.3.3.8 1
(4)
IEC 60204-1 9.2.5.4.2
0 1
(3)
2.3.2.17
2.3.2.18
(1)
2.2.2.1
(2)
(3)
(4)
24
(5)
1MW
2.3.2.19
2.3.2.15.3
2.3.2.19.1
(1)
2.3.2.16
(1)
(2)
2.3.2.19
2
2-14
2.3
2.3.2.19.2
2.3.3
(1)
2.3.3.1
(2)
2.3.2.19.3
- + 5 C
-
2.3.2.19.4
(1)
(2)
(3)
2.3.2.19.5
2.3.2.19.3 2.3.2.19.4
2.3.2.19.6
(1)
(2)
9.2 9.4
IV 1
GL 2010
2.2.2.14
2.3.3.2
(1)
7.5
(2)
DLC 8.1
4.3.3.8
2.3.3.3
2.3.3.4
IV 1
GL 2010
2.A
2.A
2
2-15
2 2
Short circuit in the electrical power system
Shock
Cable twisting
PA
Activation power PA
nA
Activation speed nA
Emergency stop button
Functioning
of control system
Rotational speed
Wind speed
Grid failure
e braking equipment
Condition of th
Wind direction
d voltages
Frequencies an
Faults in ma
chinery components
2.A.1
perature monitoring
Generator tem
Electrical power
IV 1
GL 2010
2.B
2.B
2
2-17
2.B.1
LSS
HSS
GL
1.1
1.2
2.2.2.6 (1)
n1 n3
1/min
1.3
2.2.2.6 (2) /
(3)
nr/n2
1/min
1.4
2.2.2.6 (4)
n4
1/min
1.5
2.2.2.6 (5)
nA
1/min
1.6
2.2.2.6 (6)
nmax
1/min
2.1
2.2.2.7 (1)
, Pr
kW
2.2
2.2.2.7 (2)
PT
kW
2.3
2.2.2.7 (3)
PA
kW
2.4
kNm
2.5
8.7.2
4.C
kNm
3.1
2.2.2.8 (2)
Vr
m/s
3.2
2.2.2.8 (3)
Vout
m/s
3.3
2.2.2.8 (4)
VA
m/s
3.4
4.3.3.8 (1)
10 VT
m/s
4.1
7.5.1 (6)
/MBmin / MBmax.
kNm
4.2
4.3
5.1
/ ()
5.2
5.3
5.4
/s
5.5
/s
5.6
6.1
kNm
6.2
/s
6.3
VT
6.5
6.6
6.4
4.3.3.8 (1)
6.7
4.3.3.6.(8)
(UPS)
7.1
4.2.4.1
8.1
2.3.2.8
m/s
2
2-18
2.B
IV 1
GL 2010
2.B.2
1.4
n4=
1.5
nA=
nx=
2.2
PT =
2.3
PA =
Px=
3.2
3.3
Vout =
VA=
5.3

(
...)
( " 0.2 ")
( "8/s 90
" ...)
("
(""
("" " "
" ...")
< = > ... rpm")
"= ...")
IV 1
GL 2010
2.B
2.B.2
6.3
A=
(, ...)
2.5
8.1
:
GL
3 10
0.2 ...
...
...
x
2
2-19
IV 1
GL 2010
2.C
2.C
2
2-20
90
IV
2010
IV 1
GL 2010
3
3
3.1
3.1.1
3.1.2
3.1.3
3.1.4
3.1.4.1
3.1.4.2
3.1.4.3
3.1.4.4
................................................................................................................................................ 3-1
............................................................................................................................................................ 3-1
..................................................................................................................................................... 3-1
............................................................................................................................................................ 3-1
..................................................................................................................................................... 3-1
............................................................................................................................................................ 3-1
................................................................................................................................................ 3-1
.................................................................................................................................... 3-1
........................................................................................................................................ 3-1
3.2
3.2.1
3.2.2
3.2.3
3.2.4
.................................................................................................................................................... 3-2
............................................................................................................................................................ 3-2
............................................................................................................................................................ 3-2
..................................................................................................................................... 3-2
QM ............................................................................................................................................ 3-2
3.3
3.3.1
3.3.1.1
3.3.1.2
3.3.1.3
3.3.2
3.3.2.1
3.3.2.2
3.3.2.3
3.3.2.4
3.3.2.5
3.3.2.6
3.3.3
3.3.3.1
3.3.3.2
3.3.3.3
3.3.3.4
3.3.3.5
3.3.3.6
3.3.3.7
3.3.3.8
3.3.4
3.3.4.1
3.3.4.2
3.3.4.3
3.3.4.4
3.3.4.5
3.3.4.6
3.3.5
3.3.5.1
3.3.5.2
3.3.5.3
3.3.5.4
3.3.5.5
............................................................................................................................................................ 3-3
..................................................................................................................................................... 3-3
............................................................................................................................................................ 3-3
.................................................................................................................................................... 3-3
............................................................................................................................................................ 3-4
..................................................................................................................................................... 3-6
........................................................................................................................................................ 3-6
............................................................................................................................................................ 3-7
........................................................................................................................................................ 3-7
............................................................................................................................................................ 3-8
.......................................................................................................................................................... 3-10
...................................................................................................................................................... 3-11
(FRP)............................................................................................................................... 3-11
.......................................................................................................................................................... 3-11
.......................................................................................................................................................... 3-12
...................................................................................................................................... 3-12
.................................................................................................................................................. 3-12
.................................................................................................................................................. 3-13
...................................................................................................................................................... 3-13
...................................................................................................................................................... 3-13
.............................................................................................................................................. 3-13
.......................................................................................................................................................... 3-14
.................................................................................................................................................. 3-14
...................................................................................................................................... 3-14
.......................................................................................................................................... 3-14
.................................................................................................................................................. 3-14
.............................................................................................................................................. 3-14
.............................................................................................................................................. 3-14
................................................................................................................... 3-14
.......................................................................................................................................................... 3-14
.......................................................................................................................................................... 3-14
.......................................................................................................................................... 3-15
.................................................................................................................................................. 3-15
...................................................................................................................................... 3-16
3
3-2
3.4
3.4.1
3.4.2
3.4.2.1
3.4.2.2
3.4.2.3
3.4.2.4
3.4.2.5
3.4.2.6
3.4.2.7
3.4.3
3.4.3.1
3.4.3.2
3.4.3.3
3.4.3.4
3.4.3.5
3.4.3.6
3.4.3.7
3.4.4
3.4.4.1
3.4.4.2
3.4.5
3.4.5.1
3.4.5.2
3.4.5.3
3.4.6
3.4.6.1
3.4.6.2
3.4.7
3.4.7.1
3.4.7.2
3.4.7.3
3.4.7.4
3.4.7.5
3.4.7.6
IV 1
GL 2010
.............................................................................................................................................. 3-17
.......................................................................................................................................................... 3-17
.......................................................................................................................................................... 3-17
.......................................................................................................................................... 3-17
...................................................................................................................................... 3-17
....................................................................................................................... 3-17
.............................................................................................................................. 3-17
.................................................................................................................................................. 3-17
.............................................................................................................................................. 3-18
.............................................................................................................................................. 3-19
................................................................................................................................... 3-19
.............................................................................................................................................. 3-19
.................................................................................................................................................. 3-19
...................................................................................................................................................... 3-19
.................................................................................................................................................. 3-20
.......................................................................................................................................................... 3-20
.............................................................................................................................................. 3-20
.......................................................................................................................................................... 3-21
.......................................................................................................................................................... 3-21
.......................................................................................................................................................... 3-21
.................................................................................................................................................. 3-21
FRP .......................................................................................................................................... 3-22
.......................................................................................................................................................... 3-22
.................................................................................................................................................. 3-22
.................................................................................................................................................. 3-22
................................................................................................................................................... 3-22
.............................................................................................................................. 3-22
....................................................................................................................... 3-23
............................................................................................................................... 3-24
.............................................................................................................................. 3-24
.................................................................................................................................. 3-24
.......................................................................................................................................................... 3-24
.................................................................................................................................. 3-24
.......................................................................................................................................... 3-24
.................................................................................................................................................. 3-25
IV 1
GL 2010
3.1
1
3-1
3.1
3.1.1
(1)
3.2
GL
3.1.4
(2)
3.2.1 2
(3)
3.2
GL
3.1.2
(1)
(2)
3.1.3
3.1.4
3.1.4.1
GL
GL
GL
3.1.4.2
(1)
GL
3.23.3 3.4
(2)
(3)
GL
(4)
3.2
3.1.4.3
(1)
GL 3.3 3.4
3
GL
(2)
GL
3
3.1.4.4
(1)
GL
(2)
GL
GLGL
GL
3
3-2
IV 1
GL 2010
3.2
3.2.1
(1)
(QM) GL
QM
QM
GL GL
(2)
QM
GL
QM
(3)
(4)
QM
3.1.4.4
GL GLGL
QM
(5)
GL QM
GL
3.2.2
(1)
(7)
QM QM
QM
QM
QM
3.2.3
(1)
QM ISO 9001
QM ISO 9000 ISO 9004
QM
(2)
QM
3.2.2 7
(3)
ISO 9001 7.3
3.2.4
(3)
(4)
(QM)
(5)
QM
(6)
QM
(1)
EN 45012 QM
(2)
QM
ISO 9001 QM
QM
QM
ISO 9000
(2)
(3)
(4)
3
3
QM
IV 1
GL 2010
3.3
3
3-3
3.3
3.3.1
3.3.1.1
(1)
(2)
4.2
(3)
(4)
4.2.4
GL
(5)
GL
(6)
GL
1 1 II
(3)
GL
(4)
IPE 1.2.2.5
EN
10204:2005 3.1
(5)
IPE 1.2.2.5
EN 10204:2005
2.2
(6)
EN
10204:2005 2.2
(7)
IPE 1.2.2.5
3.3.2.1.1
GL
EN 10204:2005
3.2
EN 10204:2005 3.1
EN 10204:2005
2.2
3.3.1.2
(1)
1.2.2 A B
1.2.2.5
1.2.3.5
(2)
EN
10204:2005

(8)
GL
GL
(9)
GL
(10) GL
3
3-4
IV 1
GL 2010
3.3.1.3
(5)
3.3.1.3.1
(6)
EN ISO 12944 3
3.3.1.3.5
3.3.1.3.2
(1)
GL
3
2 IV 3.5.9
(2)
(7)
(3)
NACEDINBSI
NORSOKISO
3.3.1.3.3
(1)
3.3.1.3.4
(1)
EN
ISO 12944
(2)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(8)
(3)
3.3.1.3.5
(1)
EN ISO 12944 3
5
(2)
IV 1
GL 2010
3.3
(3)
(4)
(5)
3
3-5
(7)
(8)
(9)
3.3.1.3.8
(1)
3.3.1.3.6
DIN 50930
3.3.1.3.7
(1)
EN ISO 12944 5
GL
1999 2 6
(Schiffbautechnische Gesellschaft) STG
2215
(2)
(3)
(4)
EN ISO 12944
(2)
GL
(5)
(3)
EN
ISO 12944
(6)
GL
(4)
GL GL
GL
GL
3.3.1.3.9
(5)
(6)
EN ISO 12944
(1)
DIN 1045-1:2001-07 GL
(2)
EN 445 447EN 523 EN 524
EN 523 524 GL
3
3-6
3.3.2
(1)
GL
S235 J2+N
EN-GJS-400-18U-LT
EN-GJS-700-2U
(2)
3.3.1.2
(3)
4.2 6 7
IV 1
GL 2010
(3)
K
/
(4)
25
mm EN 1993-1-10
EN
10164
(5)
EN 10160
S2/E2
3.3.2.1.1
(4)
GL
GL
(5)
j j0
5.3.3.5.3 S/N
3.3.2.1
(1)
6 7
EN 10025-2
EN 10025-3
GL
GL
EN 10219-1 EN
10210-1
(1)
(2)
(3)
(2)
IV 1
GL 2010
3.3
1559-1:1997 EN 1559-2:2000
3.3.1.1 4
(3)
0.23%
0.30%
EN 12681:2003 ISO
4993:2009X
EN 12680-2:2003
ISO 4992-2:2006 EN
1371-1:1997 EN 1369:1997
3 5.3.3.5.3
GL
3.4.2
(5)
(6) 3.3.2.1.1 2
3.3.2.2
(4)
3
3-7
3.3.2.3
(1)
GL
EN 10088 EN
10213-4
(2)
Nb
0.03 % C
(1)
6 7
EN 10293 GE200GE240
GE300 EN 10213-2
EN 10213-3
GP240GH+QT
GP280GH+QT G17Mn5 G20Mn5+N
G20Mn5+QT
GL
(3)
EN 10213-4
(2)
EN
(4)
3.3.1.1 4
3
3-8
IV 1
GL 2010
3.3.2.4
4:1 L > D2:1

L > D
GL 2 3 [3.3] 1
II
1.5:1
6: 1
3.3.2.4.1
6 7
EN 10083
100mm/250mm EN
10083 Stahl-Eisen-Werkstoffblatt
SEW 550 EN 10250 1-3
GL
2 3 [3.3] 1 II
EN 10083 EN 10084
EN 10088
3.3.2.4.2
(1)
GL
GL
GL
(2)
1/10
(3)
3:1
L > D1.5:1 L > D
L D
3.3.2.4.3
(1)
GL
(2)
(3)
(4)
1.25
3.3.2.4.4
(1)
(2)
IV 1
GL 2010
3.3
(3)
GL
3.4.2
GL
3.3.2.4.5
IPE 1.2.2.5
3
3-9
(1)
(2)
(Rm)(ReH) 0.2 %
(Rp0.2) (A) (Z)
Fig. 3.3.1
1/4
80 mm
2 kA/m (25 Oe)

5 kA/m (62.5 Oe)
3
3-10
IV 1
GL 2010
(5)
GL
EN 583
EN 583-1:1998
EN
473:2008-09 EN
583-1:1998
(6)
EN
12680-3:2003/ X EN
12681:2003 ISO 4993:2009 X
EN 444
X
X
3.3.2.5
(1)
6
7 EN
1563:2005 (EN-GJS)
EN 1559-1:1997 EN 1559-3:1997
(2)
12.5%
(3)
3.3.1.1 4
GL
(4)
ISO 945-1:2009
90% V VI
3 7 ISO 945-1:2009
10% ISO 1083:2004
(7)
EN 12680-3:2003
VDG
P-541 (Verein Deutscher
Giessereifachleute) EN 12681:2003 ISO
4993:2009X
EN 1369:1997
EN 1371-1:1997
5.3.3.5.3
(8)
A
(B) (C) X
3.3.1
VDG P-541
3
(Z) (C)
GL
3.3.1
VDG
P-541 EN-GJS X
100
100 mm
250 mm
250 400
mm
A1B1
C1
A1B1C2
A1B1
C3
A2B2
C2
A2B2C3
A3B3
C4
(9)
EN 12680-3:2003
IV 1
GL 2010
3.3
(10)
EN 1369:1997 EN
1371-1:1997
3
(11)
(12)
GL
(13)
3.3.1.2
(14)
(WPS)
(WPAR)
3.4.2
GL
GL
3
3-11
3.3.2.6.1
(1)
EN 573
EN 755-2
EN 515
(2)
3.3.2.6.2
(1)
EN 1706
(2)
(3)
GL
3.3.1.2
(4)
3.3.3
(FRP)
3.3.3.1
(15)
(16) 3.3.1.1 4
(1)
3.3.2.6
(2)
(1)
GL
(3)
(2)
(3)
3
3-12
(3)
(4)
(5)
3.3.3.2
(1)
3.4.3
(2)
IV 1
GL 2010
(5)
/
(6)
16 C 30 C
GL
(7)
12% 1.5%
3%
3.3.3.3
(8)
5%
(1)
3.3.3.4
(2)
(3)
(4)
(1)
50mm
IV 1
GL 2010
3.3
(2)
/
(3)
--
1% VDE
0334/ 1 4 E-
R- S-GL
(4)
19um 5.5.4
13
(5)
48K 320K
99%
3.3.3.5
3
3-13
3.3.3.6
(1)
35%
(2)
(3)
3.3.3.7
(1)
(2)
(1)
(3)
(2)
GL
(4)
5.5.2.2 4 5.5.4 8
)
(3)
(4)
12%
3.3.3.8
(1)
GL
3.1
GL
(2)
GL
3
3-14
3.3.4
3.3.4.1
DIN 4074 S 13
DIN 1052 I
33mm 22cm
3.3.4.2
(1)
GL
GL
(2)
GL GL
GL
(3)
IV 1
GL 2010
3.3.4.5
DIN 52179
3.3.4.6
3.3.5
3.3.5.1
(1)
(2)
3.3.4.3
3.3.5.2
(1)
(1)
(2)
DIN 68141
EN 1992 (Eurocode 2)
(Design of concrete structures)
DIN 1045-1
- 1 (Concrete,
reinforced and prestressed concrete structures
part 1: Design and construction)
CEB FIP Model Code 1990
(2)
(3)
GL
3.3.4.4
(3)
GL
(4)
EN 206 (Concrete)
IV 1
GL 2010
3.3
3
3-15
DIN 1045-2
- 2
(Concrete, reinforced and prestressed concrete
structures part 2: Specification, properties,
(3)
EN 10080 (Steel
for the reinforcement of concrete, weldable
reinforcing steel)
3.3.5.3.3
DIN 488
(Reinforcing steels; grades, properties, marking)
EN 10138 (Prestressing steels)
DIN 1045-3
- 3 (Concrete,
reinforced and pre-stressed concrete structures
part 3: Execution of structures)
(4)
EN 206
3.3.5.3.4
EN 13670 (Execution of
concrete structures)
(5)
GL GL
(1)
GL
(2)
3.3.5.3.5
(6)
3.3.5.4
3.3.5.3
3.3.5.3.1
EN 197
3.3.5.3.2
(1)
EN 12620
(2)
3.3.5.4.1
(1)
(2)
28
fck
95% 95%
95%
3.3.5.4.2
(1)
3
3-16
(2)
EN 10080DIN
488
DIN 488 1
IV 1
GL 2010
(2)
(DAfStb)
DafStb
[3.4]
3.3.5.4.6
(3)
S/N
(CEB FIP Model Code 1990) DIN 4099
DIN EN ISO 17660
3.3.5.4.3
(1)
(2)
3.3.5.2
(ETA)

(Allgemeine bauaufsichtliche
Zulassung)
(1)
3.3.2.1
(2)
8.8 10.9
3.3.5.5
(1)
(3)
ETA Allgemeine bauaufsichtliche Zulassung
3.3.5.4.4
(1)
/
(2)
3.3.5.4.5
(1)
Eurocode 2
(2)
EN 206
(3)
IV 1
GL 2010
3.4
3
3-17
3.4
3.4.1
(2)
3.4.2
3.4.2.1
(1) [3.2]
3.2
(2)
DIN18800-7
(3)
(3)
GL
3.4.2.3
(1)
(2)
3.4.2.4
(1)
/ GL
(2)
(4)
ISO 3832-2
GL (IWE)
3.4.2.2
(1)
3.3.1
GL
EN 287ISO 9606 GL
(2)
GL
(3)
GL
3.4.2.5
(1)
(2)
DIN 18800
(3) V
DIN EN ISO 9692
3
3-18
(4)
GL
(5)
A-
0.7t t
3.0mm
(6)
1.5t + 15mm t
DIN
18800-1
3.4.2.6
(1)
GL
(2)
(3)
10 3mmGL
(4)
5C
-10 C
(5)
IV 1
GL 2010
(6)
(7)
GL
GL
(8)
GL
1.2.2.5 /
1.2.3.5 /GL
(9)
GL
GL
(10) 3.4.1
GL
3.4.1
/
RT
UT
10 %2 100 %2
MT
RT
UT
MT
10 %
spot
spot
spot
100 %
100 %
spot
5%
100 %
spot
10 %
spot
30mmX (UT) (RT)

100%
IV 1
GL 2010
3.4
(11) DIN EN ISO 5817

B EN 12062
(12)
[3.2] [3.2] 1.3 1.4
3.4.2.7
(1)
GL
(2)
3
3-19
(2)
GL
GL
(3)
(4)
(5)
(3)
3.4.3.3
(4)
(1)
(5)
GL
(2)
3.4.3
3.4.3.1
(1)
(2)
(3)
3.4.3.2
(1)
16C30C
20RH80RH
(3)
70RH 80 RH
(4)
(5)
(T 2 C)
(6)
3
3-20
3.4.3.4
(1)
FRP
GL
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
IV 1
GL 2010
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
L [mm] d [mm]
S [N/mm]
L = (S/10 N/mm)*d
1300 g/m
(6)
GL
(7)
GL
(8)
3.4.3.5
(1)
(2)
//
300 g/m 35%
20%
(7)
1:3
1:3 1:10
1:3 1:5
(8)
( 3.4.4.2
1 )
3.4.3.6
(1)
IV 1
GL 2010
3.4
(2)
(3)
PVC
30
GL
3
3-21
3.4.4.2
(1)
VDI
2229 VDI 3821
(2)
()
(3)
FRP
3.4.3.7
(1)
/
(2)
3.4.4
3.4.4.1
(1)
(2)
5.5.6
(4)
(5)
(6)
(4)
(7)
3.4.3.6 1
3.4.3.6 3
(5) FRP
(8)
(3)
3
3-22
3.4.5
FRP
IV 1
GL 2010
(2)
3.4.5.1
(1)
GL FRP
3.1.4
3.3.3.8
(2)
FRP
(3)
GL GL
(4)
GL
GL
(5)
(6)
GL
3.4.5.1 5
GL GL
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
GL 5050cm
3.4.5.2
3.4.6
(1)
EN 10204 (ISO 10474)
3.4.6.1
EN 10204-2.2
EN 10204-3.1
(2)
(3)
3.4.6.1.1
(1)
(2)
3.4.5.3
(3)
GL
(1)
(4)
IV 1
GL 2010
3.4
3.4.6.1.2
3.4.6.1.3
(1) DIN4074-1 S13
(2)
10 10 % 2
%
4 %
(3)
(4)
(5)
3.4.6.1.4
(1)
(2)
(3)
DIN 68140
I
(4) 22cm
(5)
3
3-23
(6)
(7)
(8) 20C
50C
3.4.6.1.5
3.4.6.1.6
(1)
(2)
(3)
FRP
3.4.3.5 2
3.4.6.1.7
(1)
(2)
3.4.6.2
3.4.6.2.1
(1)
3
3-24
(2)
3.1.4 /
3.4.6.2.2
(1)
S 13
(2)
IV 1
GL 2010
(5)
(6)
3.4.7.3
(1)
(2)
(3)
3.4.7.4
3.4.6.2.3
3.4.7
EN 206 DIN 1045-2

EN 13670 DIN
1045-3
(1)
(2)
(3)
3.4.7.1
(1)
(2)
(3)
3.4.7.2
(1)
3.4.7.5
3.4.7.5.1
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(4)
(2)
(3)
Gleitbauverfahren
Deutscher Beton- u. Bautechnik-Verein e.V.
IV 1
GL 2010
3.4.7.5.2
3.4
EN 206
3.4.7.6
3.4.7.6.1
(1)
ISO 9001
3.2
(2)
(2)
EN
206
(5)
(6)
(7)
3.4.2
3.4.7.6.2
(1)
EN 1992
2
(3)
EN 206
(3)
(4)
3
3-25
3
3-26
3.4.2
EC 2 7
(1)
3.4.7.6.3
IV 1
GL 2010
3.4.7.6.4
(1)
(2)
(2)
EN
206
(3)
IV
2010
IV 1
GL 2010
4
3
4.1
4.1.1
4.1.2
4.1.3
4.1.4
.......................................................................................................................................................... 4-1
.......................................................................................................................................................... 4-1
.................................................................................................................................................. 4-1
.................................................................................................................................................. 4-1
.................................................................................................................................................. 4-2
4.2
4.2.1
4.2.2
4.2.3
4.2.3.1
4.2.3.2
4.2.4
4.2.4.1
4.2.4.2
4.2.5
.................................................................................................................................................. 4-3
.......................................................................................................................................................... 4-3
.................................................................................................................................................. 4-3
.................................................................................................................................................. 4-4
.......................................................................................................................................... 4-4
.......................................................................................................................................... 4-6
........................................................................................................................................ 4-11
................................................................................................................................. 4-11
................................................................................................................................. 4-11
................................................................................................................................................ 4-12
4.3
4.3.1
4.3.2
4.3.2.1
4.3.2.2
4.3.2.3
4.3.2.4
4.3.3
4.3.3.1
4.3.3.2
4.3.3.3
4.3.3.4
4.3.3.5
4.3.3.6
4.3.3.7
4.3.3.8
4.3.3.9
4.3.4
4.3.4.1
4.3.4.2
4.3.4.3
4.3.5
4.3.5.1
4.3.5.2
4.3.5.3
4.3.5.4
................................................................................................................................................ 4-13
........................................................................................................................................................ 4-13
........................................................................................................................................................ 4-13
............................................................................................................................. 4-13
................................................................................................................................................ 4-13
................................................................................................................................................ 4-13
................................................................................................................................................ 4-13
............................................................................................................................. 4-13
DLC 1.1 1.8........................................................................................................................ 4-16
DLC 2.1 2.2.................................................................................................... 4-17
DLC 3.1 3.2........................................................................................................................ 4-17
DLC 4.1 4.2................................................................................................................ 4-17
DLC 5.1........................................................................................................................... 4-17
DLC 6.1 6.4........................................................................................................................ 4-18
DLC 7.1............................................................................................................... 4-18
DLC 8.1 8.2.................................................................................... 4-18
............................................................................................................. 4-19
................................................................................................................................................ 4-19
................................................................................................................................................ 4-19
................................................................................................................................................ 4-20
......................................................................................................................... 4-20
........................................................................................................................................ 4-20
(SLS) ............................................................................. 4-20
(ULS) ............................................................................................. 4-20
........................................................................................................................................ 4-20
..................................................................................................................... 4-20
4.4
4.4.1
4.4.2
4.4.3
4.4.4
4.4.5
4.4.5.1
4.4.5.2
4.4.5.3
4.4.5.4
.................................................................................................................................... 4-23
........................................................................................................................................................ 4-23
........................................................................................................................................ 4-23
........................................................................................................................................ 4-23
/ ............................................................................................................................... 4-24
................................................................................................................................. 4-24
........................................................................................................................................................ 4-24
................................................................................................................................................ 4-24
........................................................................................................................................................ 4-24
........................................................................................................................... 4-24
4
4
IV 1
GL 2010
4.4.5.5
4.4.6
4.4.7
4.4.7.1
4.4.7.2
4.4.7.3
4.4.8
........................................................................................................................... 4-24
............................................................................................................................................ 4-24
................................................................................................................................................ 4-24
........................................................................................................................................................ 4-24
........................................................................................................................................................ 4-24
................................................................................................................................................ 4-25
.................................................................................................................................... 4-25
4.5
4.5.1
4.5.2
4.5.3
4.5.3.1
4.5.3.2
4.5.4
4.5.4.1
4.5.4.2
4.5.4.3
4.5.4.4
4.5.5
4.5.6
.................................................................................................... 4-27
........................................................................................................................................................ 4-27
........................................................................................................................................................ 4-27
LRF 1......................................................................... 4-27
........................................................................................................................................................ 4-27
................................................................................................................................................ 4-27
LRF 2..................................................................................... 4-28
........................................................................................................................................................ 4-28
............................................................................................................................. 4-28
........................................................................................................................................................ 4-28
................................................................................................................................................ 4-29
................................................................................................. 4-29
........................................................................................................................................ 4-29
4.A
4.A
4.A.1
4.A.2
4.A.3
4.A.4
4.A.5
4.A.6
.................................................................................................................................................... 4-31
............................................................................................................................................ 4-31
................................................................................................................................................ 4-31
............................................................................................................................................ 4-32
............................................................................................................................................ 4-32
.................................................................................................................................... 4-33
............................................................................................................................................ 4-33
4.B
4.B
4.B.1
4.B.2
4.B.2.1
4.B.2.2
4.B.2.3
4.B.3
................................................................................................................................................ 4-35
................................................................................................................................. 4-35
................................................................................................................................................ 4-35
........................................................................................................................................................ 4-35
................................................................................................................................................ 4-35
................................................................................................................................................ 4-36
................................................................................................................................................ 4-36
4.C
4.C
............................................................................................................................................ 4-39
4.D
4.D
4.D.1
4.D.2
4.D.3
4.D.4
S ............................................................................................................ 4-41
................................................................................................................................................ 4-41
................................................................................................................................................ 4-41
................................................................................................................................................ 4-41
..................................................................................................................... 4-41
IV 1
GL 2010
4.1
4.1
4.1.1
(1)
e)
4.4.5.4
4.4.5.5
f)
g)
4.A
h)
i)
1P3P6P
j)
6.6.5.1
2.3.2.8
4.3.4.3
k)
l)
4.B
(2)
IEC 61400-1 2 1999 [4.1]
IEC 61400-1 3 2005 [4.4] IEC

61400-1/A1 (2008) [4.5] GL
(GL Best Engineering Practice)[4.6]
DIN EN 61400-12006 [4.7] IEC 614001/A1 (2008) [4.5] GL

(GL Best Engineering Practice)[4.6]
DIBt Richtlinie fr Windenergieanlagen [

]2004 [4.2] 1.A
(3)
(4)
GL
4.1.2
m)
n)
2.1.2 2.B
o)
4.5
p)
//
/
q)
4.B
a)
b)
7 8
4
4-1
c)
Vin Vout
4.1.3
d)
360
(1)
4.2 4.3
4
4-2
4.1
4.3.3
(2)
/
GL
(3)
4.4
4.2.2
IV 1
GL 2010
4.4.6
4.1.4
(1)
(2)
4.3.5
4.2.2
S
IV 1
GL 2010
4.2
4.2
4.2.1
4
4-3
(5)
(1)
4.2.2
(2)
(1)
4.2.1
(3)
6.7.6
(4)
(2)
Vref
50 10 Vref
4.2.1
II
III
Vref
[m/s]
50
42.5
37.5
Vave
[m/s]
10
8.5
7.5
A
I15 (-)
0.18
0.18
0.18
a (-)
B
I15 (-)
0.16
0.16
0.16
a (-)
(3)
Vave
4.2.3.1.1
(4)
S 4.1.4
S
4.1.3
4
4-4
(5)
4.2
PR (V hub ) = 1 - exp [- ( V hub /2 V ave )2 ]
Vref
Vave
I15
15 m/s
4.2.5
20
(8)
S
4.2 S
4.D
4.2.3
Vave
C
= 2
C
, if k = 2
1 +
k
(1)
(2)
(3)
1 50
(4)
8
(4.2.3)
PW (Vhub) =
V < Vhub [-]
PR (Vhub)
V < Vhub [-]
Vhub
= 10 [m/s]
Vave
[m/s]
[m/s]
k 2
[-]
[-]
(2)
C k k
2 C Vave k 2 4.2.3
(3)
Vhub
(P{V1} P{V2})
V1 V2
4.2.3.1.2 (NWP)
V(z)
z
V ( z ) =Vhub ( z / zhub )
4.2.3.1
4.2.3.1.1
(1)
4.2.1
4.2.2
4.2.2
V(z)
z [m/s]
[m]
zhub
[m]
[-]
PW (V hub ) = 1 - exp [- ( V hub /C )k ]
(4.2.2)
(6)
IA IIIB
4.2.34.2.4 4.2.5
(7)
IV 1
GL 2010
(4.2.1)
0.2
(4.2.4)
IV 1
GL 2010
4.2
4
4-5
4.2.3.1.3 (NTM)
(1)
10
[m/s]
4.3.1 4.3.2

4.2.5
1 = (x 1) (2m / s ) I 15
(4.2.6)

(2)
(3)
4.2.3.1.2
(4)
4.4.6
(5)
a)
1 = I 15 (15 m s + aV hub ) /(a + 1)
(4.2.5)
x
95 x 1.64
I15 a 4.2.1 1
1 / V hub 4.2.1
I15 a
b)
S1(f)
S1( f ) = 0.05 ( 1 ) (1 Vhub )

2
2 / 3
f 5 / 3 (4.2.7)
S1(f)
[m2/s2]
f S1(f)/12
0.05 [m]
[s-1]
1
0.7 zhub
1 =
42m
for zhub < 60m

for zhub 60m
(4.2.8)
(6)
[4.4][4.5] [4.8]
(7)
4
4-6
4.2
(NTM)
10 /
6,0
60
5,0
50
40
1/Vhub [%]
4,0
1 [m/s]
IV 1
GL 2010
A
3,0
B
2,0
1,0
30
20
B
10
0
0,0
0
10
20
30
40
20
40
60
Wind speed, V hub [m/s]

Vhub [m/s]
Wind
speed,
VhubV hub
[m/s][m/s]
4.2.1
10 x 10
10 m
GL
Ve50(z) = 1.4 Vref (z/zhub )0 ,11
Ve1(z) = 0.8 Ve 50 (z)
4.2.3.2.1 (EWM)
VeN(z)
3
N Ve1
Ve50 1 50 EWM
Vref
4.2.1
(3)
10 50 1
z
(1)
EWM
Vref 1
(2)
50 Ve50
1 Ve1 Vref
z
Ve50 Ve1
(4.2.10)
4.2.3.2
EWM
4.2.3.2.1
(4.2.9)
V50 (z) = Vref (z/z hub )0 ,11
(4.2.11)
V1(z) = 0.8 Vref (z / z hub )0.11
(4.2.12)
VN(z)
10
N V1
IV 1
GL 2010
4.2
V50 1 50 EWM
(4)
Vhub
Vref 0.8Vref
NTM 4.2.3.1.3
1 0.11Vhub
(5)
EWM
EWM
10 /
4.B.1
GL
EWM
4% 100
50
3% 3 5
60 10
10%
4.2.3.2.2 (EOG)
B=
4
4-7
1
D
1 + 0.2
1
(4.2.14)
4.2.8
[m]
(3)
4.2.15 N
V(z)
4.2.4
10.5N = 1
14.0N = 50
(4)
4.2.2 1
Vhub 25 m/s A
4.2.3.2.3 (EDC)
(1)
4.2.16 N
eN
eN
N
180
4.8N = 1
6.4N = 50
4.2.14
(1)
N VgustN
40
V gustN = 1 B
(4.2.13)
VgustN
N [m/s]
4.2.5
4.8N = 1
6.4N = 50
(2)
EOGVhub [m/s]
35
30
25
20
15
-2 -1 1 3 4 6 7 9 10 12
Time,
t [s][s]
t
4.2.2
N = 1 A
D = 42mzhub = 30mVhub = 25m/s
4
4-8
4.2
IV 1
GL 2010
V ( z ) 0.37 V gustN sin (3 t / T ) (1 cos(2 t / T )) 0 t T

V ( z,t ) =
t <0 t >T
V ( z )
1
B
Vhub
eN = arctan
(4.2.15)
(4.2.16)
t<0
0
N (t) = 0.5 eN (1 cos( t/T )) 0 t T
t >T
eN
(4.2.17)
V(z)
t<0
V ( z,t ) = V (z ) + 0.5Vcg (1 cos(t T )) 0 t T

V (z ) + V
t >T
cg
(4.2.18)
IV 1
GL 2010
4
4-9
N (t )
4.2.17
(3)
T = 6s
4.2.3.1.2
200
EDC eN [deg]
(2)
4.2
100
0
-100
-200
(4)
4.2.3 4.2.4 50
AVhub 25 m/s
Vhub Vhub 25 m/s
4.2.3.2.4 (ECG)
N = 50
AD = 42mzhub = 30m
40
30
20
10
0
-5
4.2.3.2.5 (ECD)
10
t
[s]
Time,
t [s]
180 for V hub 5m/s
1.08
for 5 m/s V hub V ref
cg ( V hub ) = 1022 V -hub
15 for V hub = V ref
(4.2.19)
(2) 4.2.6 4.2.7 cg

Vhub Vhub 25 m/s
4.2.4
N = 50
AVhub = 25 m/s
50
40
V(z,t) [m/s]
(1)
ECG
4.2.5 cg
cg
30
20
10
0
-2
(3)
40
50
EDC N(t) [deg]
(2)
T = 10s V(z)
4.2.3.1.2 (NWP)
Vhub 25 m/s 4.2.5
30
hub
(1)
4.2.18
20
VhubV [m/s][m/s]
Wind
speed,
4.2.3
Vcg = 15m/s
10
4.2.20
(4) T = 10s
4.2.4
4.2.5
4 6 8 10 12 14
t
[s]
Time, t [s]
Vhub = 25 m/s
(ECG)
4
4-10
4.2
IV 1
GL 2010
0 for t 0
(t) = 0,5 cg (1 - cos( t/T)) for 0 t T
cg for t T
(4.2.20)
1/ 4
z z z
D
2t
hub
Vhub
2.5m / s + 0.2 1 1 cos

0 t T
z
D
hub
T
1
V (z,t ) =
t < 0 t >T
Vhub
z hub
1/ 4
z y
D
2t
Vhub
2.5m / s + 0.2 1 1 cos

z
D
hub
1
V ( y,z,t ) =
V
hub
z hub
4.2.3.2.6 (EWS)
(4.2.21)
0t T
(4.2.22)
t <0 t >T

200
(1)
50
150
100
4.2.21
4.2.22
50
0
0
10
20
30
40
(t) [deg]
cg [deg]
Wind speed, V hub [m/s]
4.2.6
0.2
6.4
12s
4.2.8
ECD
30
25
20
15
Vhub [m/s]
10
5
0
-2
10 12
Time, t [s]
[s]
t
(2)
4.2.8
(t = 0s) 4.2.9
4.2.7
Vhub = 25 m/s
AVhub 25 m/s
zhub 30 m D 42m
z/zhub
IV 1
GL 2010
4.2
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
0
10
20
30
40
Wind
speed,
V)(z,t
) (m/s)
V(z,t
(m/s)
t=0
for
t=0 t=T/2
for t=T/2
4.2.8
t =
0t = 6s
N = 50
Azhub = 30 mVhub = 25 m/sD =
42 m
4
4-11
(3)
(4)
4.2.4.1
V(z, t) [m/s]
40
(1)
35
30
20 C +50
C
+15 C 35 K
10 C +40 C
100 %
1,000 W/m2
1.225 kg/m3
25
20
15
10
5
0
-2 0
8 10 12 14
t
Time,
t [s][s]
-----
Rotor top,
Rotor bottom
4.2.9
4.2.8
(2)
4.2.4.2
4.2.4
(1)
(2)
4.2.4.2.1
8.9
4
4-12
4.2.4.2.2
4.2
(1)
30 mm E
700 kg/m3
(2)
/
E
E = E k cmin (cmax + cmin )
(4.2.23)
[kg/m]
(700 kg/m3)
0.00675 + 0.3 exp (-0.32 R/R1) [-]
IV 1
GL 2010
[m]
R1
1m
cmax
[m]
cmin
[m]
4.2.4.2.3
4.3.3.9 (5)
4.2.5
10 %
2 %
2 %
20
2.2.2.12 2.2.2.13
IV 1
GL 2010
4.3
4
4-13
4.3
4.3.1
(1)
(2)
1.3
(3)
/
(4)
4.3.2
4.3.2.1 4.3.2.4
GL
4.3.2.4
4.4
4.3.3
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
4.3.2.2
4.3.2.1
(1)
(2)
4.3.2.3
(1)
(2)
4.5
1
50
(5)
(6)
(7)
1 4.3.1
(8)
2 4.3.2
1.2.3.4
4.2
4
4-14
4.3
(9)
4.3.1
(10)
GL
(11) 4.3.1 F
U 4.3.2
U
(12) U
(N) (A) (T)
IV 1
GL 2010
NA
T F
4.3.3
(13) 4.2
4.3.1
4.3.2
(F)
(14)
DLC 8.1
7.5
IV 1
GL 2010
4.3
4
4-15
4.3.1
DLC
F/U
*/N
F/U
*/N
1.1
NTM
1.2
1.3
ECD
Vin < Vhub < Vr
1.4
NWP
Vin < Vhub < Vout
1.5
EOG1
Vin < Vhub < Vout
1.6
EOG50 Vin < Vhub < Vout
1.7
EWS
Vin < Vhub < Vout
1.8
NWP
Vin < Vhub < Vout
F/U
*/N
2.1
NWP
Vin < Vhub < Vout
F/U
*/N
2.2
NWP
Vin < Vhub < Vout
F/U
* /A
3.1
NWP
Vin < Vhub < Vout
F/U
*/N
3.2
EOG1
Vin < Vhub < Vout
4.1
NWP
Vin < Vhub < Vout
F/U
*/N
4.2
EOG1
Vin < Vhub < Vout
5.
5.1
NWP
Vin < Vhub < Vout
6.
6.1
EWM
50
6.2
EWM
50
6.3
EWM
6.4
NTM
Vhub < Vin and Vout <

Vhub < 0.8 Vref
F/U
*/N
7.
7.1
EWM
8.
8.1
EOG1
Vhub = VT
1.
2.
3.
4.
NWP Vhub =
EOG1 VT
8.2
*
1
Vin < Vhub < Vout
EWM
4.3.5.2.2
Vout Vref
4
4-16
4.3
IV 1
GL 2010
4.3.2
DLC
9.1
NWP
Vin < Vhub < Vout
F/U
*/N
9.2
NWP
Vin < Vhub < Vout
F/U
*/N
9.3
NTM
Vin Vhub Vout
F/U
*/N
9.4
NWP
Vin < Vhub < Vout
F/U
*/N
9.5
NTM
Vin < Vhub < Vout
**
9.6
NWP
Vin < Vhub < Vout
**
9.7
NWP
Vhub = 0.8 Vref
**
9.8
NWP
Vhub = 0.8 Vref
* 4.3.5.2.2
** 4.3.5.4
1
Vout Vref
4.3.1 4.3.2
DLC
(Design load case)
ECD
(Extreme coherent gust with direction change) 4.2.3.2.5
ECG
(Extreme coherent gust) 4.2.3.2.4
EDC
(Extreme direction change) 4.2.3.2.3
EOG
(Extreme operating gust) 4.2.3.2.2
EWM
(Extreme wind speed model) 4.2.3.2.1
EWS
(Extreme wind shear) 4.2.3.2.6
NTM
(Normal turbulence model) 4.2.3.1.3
NWP
(Normal wind profile model) 4.2.3.1.2
(Fatigue strength)
(Ultimate strength)
(Normal and extreme)
(Abnormal)
(Transport, erection, installation and maintenance)
4.3.3.1 DLC 1.1 1.8

(1)
(2)
(3)
4.3.3.9
4.4
(4)
DLC 1.1
DLC 1.3 1.6 1.7
IV 1
GL 2010
4.3
DLC 1.4 1.5
(5)
DLC 1.1
2 m/s
700
/
Vin Vr Vin 300
Vr Vout Vr 50
(6)
DLC 1.11.4 1.7
8
(7)
DLC 1.31.5 1.7
30 45
(8)
DLC 1.4
20
20 DLC9.2
(9)
DLC 1.5
(10) DLC 1.8
24
4.2.4.2.2
DLC9.1
4.3.3.2 DLC 2.1 2.2
(1)
(2)
4
4-17
(3)
DLC 2.1 DLC 2.1
n n4 2.2.2.6
n4
10 2.2.2.6.(4)
24
2.3.2.12 2.3.2.13
4.3.4.3
(4)
DLC 2.2 DLC 2.2
n nA 2.2.2.6
5 P PA 2.2.2.7 3
2.3.2.7
4.C
2.2.3.4.2
4.3.3.3 DLC 3.1 3.2

(1)
(2)
DLC 3.1 Vin 1000
Vr 50 Vout 50
4.3.3.4 DLC 4.1 4.2

(1)
(2)
DLC 4.1 Vin 1000
Vr 50 Vout 50
4.3.3.5 DLC 5.1
2.3.2.15
4
4-18
4.3
IV 1
GL 2010
4.3.3.7 DLC 7.1
(1)
2.2.2.12 2.2.2.13
4.3.3 (14)
4.3.3.6 DLC 6.1 6.4

(1)
(2)
DLC 6.16.2 6.3
(EWM) DLC 6.4
(NTM)
(3)
(4)
(5)
DLC 6.1 6.3
4.3.4.1 9
(6)
DLC 6.1
15
8
180
(7)
DLC 6.2
2.2.2.12 2.2.2.13
7 6
180
(8)
DLC 6.3
30
20
(2)
(EWM)
15
8
180
180
4.3.3.8 DLC 8.1

8.2
(1)
DLC 8.1
10
(VT)
(2)
10 2.2.3.4
(3)
30
30 45
4.3.3 (14)
(4)
DLC 8.2
IV 1
GL 2010
4.3
15
8
180 2.3.3
2.3.3.2
DLC 8.2
4
4-19
DLC 9.7
24
180
(3)
GL
GL
4.4.5.2
4.3.3.9
4.3.4
(1) DLC 9.1

DLC1.8 4.3.3.1 (10)
4.2.4.2.2
4.3.2.1
4.3.2.4
4.3.4.1
(2)
DLC 9.2
0.3
1
0 2 0.3 3 +0.3
6.6.5.3
EWM 4.3.3.6
4.3.3.8
(/s) 15/R (/s2)

450/R2 R m
(3)
DLC 9.3
4.4.6
(4)
DLC 9.4 DLC 9.8
6 7 8
4.2.4.1
4.4.5.4 4.4.5.5
(5)
DLC 9.5 DLC 9.7
DLC 9.5
DLC 9.6
4
4-20
4.3
4.3.4.2
(1)
(2)
(3)
2.1.3
DLC 2.1 4.3.3.2

3
4.3.4.3
6.6.5.1
5 %
2.3.2.8
4.B.3
4.3.5
IV 1
GL 2010
(3)
GL
[4.9] [4.13] 50
(4)
6.2.4.1 7
4.3.5.2 (ULS)
4.3.5.2.1
(1)
4.3.3 11
4.3.3
(2)
F 1.3.3
4.3.3
4.3.5.2.2
F 1.0
4.3.5.1 (SLS)
4.3.5.3
(1)
1.3.2.2.2 F 1.0
GL
(2)
4.3.1 4.3.2
4.3.1 4.3.2
4.3.5.4
F 1.0
IV 1
GL 2010
4.3
4
4-21
4.3.3 F
4.3.1 4.3.2
N
1.35
1.1
1.5
0.9
1.35
1.1
1.5
0.9
1.1/1.35*
1.1
1.25
0.9
1.25
1.1
1.3
0.9
1.35
IV 1
GL 2010
4.4
4
4-23
4.4
4.4.1
(1)
(2)
GL
(3)
(4)
4.4.2
(1)
Vref
Vave
Vhub 15 m/s I15
4.2.3.1.2
(4)
Vref
7 10
Vave
10 GL
(5)
I15 15 m/s 10
(6)
10 m/s I15
(7)
GL
(8)
2 m/s
30
10
(9)
(10) 4.4.7
Vref Vave
(2)
(11)
4.4.6
IEC 61400-12.1 [4.20]
4.4.3
MEASNET (MEASNET Procedure) [4.21]
4.2.5
(3)
6
4
4-24
4.4
4.4.4
6.7.6
4.4.5
4.4.5.1
(1)
4.2.4
(2)
7 GL
4.4.5.2
4.4.5.2.1
GL
8 [4.14] / API
[4.15]
IV 1
GL 2010
4.4.5.4
GL
(Wind Technical Note 067
Certification of Wind Turbines for Extreme
Temperatures) [4.16]
4.4.5.5
GL +50 C
4.4.6
(1)
(2)
10 D
(3)
GL
S. Frandsen [4.17] II
(DLWF II) [4.18]
(4)
4.4.7
4.4.7.1
4.4.5.2.2
475
4.2
4.4.5.3
4.4.7.2
(1)
4.4.1
IV 1
GL 2010
4.4
4.4.1
(x)
4
4-25
(h)
()
<5h
< 0.3 h
< 10
< 10 h
< 0.6 h
< 20 h
< 1.2 h
x
4.4.1
(2)
4.4.1
50 Vref
Vave
0.2Vref 0.4Vref
0.2Vref 0.4Vref
4.4.2
0.8Vr Vout
4.4.7.3
GL
4.4.7.2
[4.6] [4.13] GL
4.4.8
4.2
4.3
4
4-26
4.4
IV 1
GL 2010
IV 1
GL 2010
4.5
4.5
4.5.1
4
4-27
(1)
2.2
4.5
(LRF)
1)
4.5.3
LRF
1
4.5.3.1
LRF
LRF
4.5.3.2
(1)
2) 2.2.2.3
(2) LRF
LRF
(3) GL
4.5.2
(1)
LRF
LRF
LRF
(2)
LRF
(3)
LRF
(4)
LRF
4.5.3 4.5.4.
4.5.5 4.5.6
(2)
/
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
10.6
(7)
GL
(8)
4
4-28
4.5
4.5.4
LRF
2
a)
LRF
LRF
LRF LRF
GL
4.5.4.2
(1)
LRF
LRF
LRF
PLC
b)
c)
4.5.4.1
IV 1
GL 2010
d)
GL
(4) GL
GL
(5) A
A
10.5.5
(6)
(2)
GL
(3)
4.5.5
4.5.6
4.5.4.3
(1)
LRF
4.3
LRF
GL
(2)
(3)
LRF
IV 1
GL 2010
4.5
4.5.4.2 2
FMEA
4.5.4.4
(1) GL
LRF
DLL*.EXE
GL GL
GL LRF
(2)
4.5.4.2 4.5.4.3
LRF
(HMI)
QM
4
4-29
(3)
4.5.5
LRF
4.5.6
(1)
LRF
(2)
LRF
GL
(3)
LR
10
11
IV 1
GL 2010
4.A
4.A
4.A.1
4
4-31
4.A.2
M
F
M
M
M YB
F
F
YB
ZB
YB
XB
ZB
XB
YS
ZS
ZS
ZS
FYS
YS
FX S
XS
ZB
pitch axis
XB
cho
rd line
XB
XB in dir
ection of the rotor axis
ZB
ZB radia
lly
YB
XBYBZB
YB so that XB, YB, ZB rotate clockwise
4.A.1
YS
YS in direction
of the chord, orientated to
blade
trailing edge
ZS
lade pitch ax
is
ZS in direction
of the bXSYSZS
XS
XS perpendicular to the chord, so that

XS, YS, ZS rotate clockwise
4.A.2
XS
4
4-32
4.A.3
4.A
4.A.4
IV 1
GL 2010
M ZN
M
FZN
M
YN
M XN
ZN
YN
YN
XN
XN
F
M
4.A.3
ZR
YR
XR
XR
ZR
ZR
YR
YR
ZR
YR
YR
XN in direction of the rotor axis

XN
ZN upwa
rds perpendicular to XN
ZN
YN horizontXN
ally
sideways, so that XN, YN, ZN
e clockwise XNYNZN
YN rotat
ZR
XR
XR
XR
in direction of the rotor axis
radially,
orientated to rotor blade 1
and
perpendicular to XR 1 XR
perpendicular
to XR,XRYRZR
XR
so that XR, YR, ZR rotate clockwise
4.A.4
IV 1
GL 2010
4.A.5
4.A
4.A.6
4
4-33
MZK
F
MYK
ZK
FYK
ZK
XK
YK
MZF
XK
XK
FZF
MYF
ZF
FYF
FXF
YF
XK hor iz onta l i n d ire c tion o f th e ro tor ax is,

XK fixed
to nacel le
ZK
ZK ve rtic
ally u pwards
YK, ZK
YK hroortiaz
s, s o tha t X K,
YK
toenctalollcykswi d
iseewayXKYKZK
4.A.5
XF
XF
ZF
ZF
YF
YF
MXF
XF
horizontal
vertically upwards in direction of the tower axis
horizontally
sideways, so that XF, YF, ZF
rotate
clockwise XFYFZF
4.A.6
IV 1
GL 2010
4.B
4.B
4.B.1
(1)
(2)
(3)
EWM
4.2.3.2.1
(4)
15
4
4-35
(2)
DVDCD-ROM
ASCIIXLS
4.B.2.2
(1)
4.B.1
(2)
(3)
4.A
(5)
15
(4)
DLC 1.1 DLC 6.4 pf =

10-2 20 1750 h
ESDU E 0108 [4.19]
104 DLC 1.1

6.4
(6)
EWM
NTM
4.2.3.1.3
[4.9] [4.13] GL
(5)
4.B.2
4.B.2.1
(1)
4.B.2 4.B.3
(6)
(7)
4
4-36
4.B
4.B.2.3
(1)
4.B.2.1
(2)
DLC 1.1
DLC 1.4 DLC 1.8 DLC 2.1 DLC 2.2 DLC
3.1DLC 4.1DLC 6.4 DLC 9.1 DLC
9.4
(3)
(4)
nref 4.B.2
S/N
(5)
(GRP/CRP)
Markov
(6)
(7)
Mx My
90
180
15
(8)
1.2
(9)
(LDD)
7
LDD LDD
DLC
(10) DLC
1.1
600 (RMS)
IV 1
GL 2010
(11)
Markov
4.B.3
(1)
6.2.4.1 7
(2)
4.A.5 x y
4.3.1 4.3.2 F
(3)
nmax
(4)
(5)
6.6.5.1
(6)
DLC 8.1
DLC 8.2
(7)
4.B.1
6.7.6
6.7.1 6.7.6 6.7.1 2
6.7.6.3 (4) 1
F 1.0
IV 1
GL 2010
4.B.1
4.B
4
4-37
Fres Mres
Fx
Fy
Fz
Fres
Mx
My
Mz
Mres
Fx
Fy
Fz
Fres
Mx
My
Mz
Mres
4
4-38
4.B.2
4.B
S/N
nRef
ma
mb
mc
md
me
mf
mg
mh
mi
mj
S/N m
IV 1
GL 2010
Fx
Fy
Fz
Mx
My
Mz
IV 1
GL 2010
4.C
4.C
(1)
(2)
(M)
M=
1.3 M n
x "d
T1
MK
T1 8
(4.C.1)
(4)
(M)
Mn
x "d
4
4-39
M = 2 MK . sin (g t ) . e
( 2 sK g t )
(4.C.3)
x "d 10.5
(M)
8.2
(3)
(M)
MK
sK
M = - MK
cos
1
+ MK . cos (2 g t )
1
- 2 MK
1
sin (g t ) e
.
t

T1
(4.C.2)
MK
arctan
(g T1)
1
g t = arctan
2 sK
(4.C.4)
IV 1
GL 2010
4.D S
4.D
4
4-41
S
4.D.1
[kW]
Vin Vout
[m/s
[a]
4.D.2
[-]
[m/s
[]
[m/s
Ve1 Ve50
4.D.3
[V]
[Hz]
[V]
[d]
[1/a]
4.D.4
[C]
[%]
[kg/m]
[W/m]
[g/m]
IV
2010
IV 1
GL 2010
5
3
5.1
.......................................................................................................................................................... 5-1
5.2
5.2.1
5.2.2
5.2.2.1
5.2.2.2
5.2.2.3
5.2.2.4
5.2.3
5.2.4
.................................................................................................................................................. 5-3
............................................................................................................................... 5-3
.................................................................................................................................................. 5-3
.......................................................................................................................................................... 5-3
.......................................................................................................................................... 5-3
.......................................................................................................................................... 5-3
.......................................................................................................................................................... 5-4
.................................................................................................................................................. 5-4
.............................................................................................................................................. 5-4
5.3
5.3.1
5.3.2
5.3.2.1
5.3.2.2
5.3.3
5.3.3.1
5.3.3.2
5.3.3.3
5.3.3.4
5.3.3.5
5.3.4
5.3.4.1
5.3.4.2
.................................................................................................................................................. 5-5
.................................................................................................................................................. 5-5
.......................................................................................................................................... 5-5
.......................................................................................................................................................... 5-5
.................................................................................................................................................. 5-5
.................................................................................................................................................. 5-5
.......................................................................................................................................................... 5-5
.......................................................................................................................................... 5-6
.......................................................................................................................................... 5-9
........................................................................................................................................ 5-10
S/N .................................................................................................................... 5-10
............................................................................................................................................ 5-14
................................................................................................................................................ 5-14
................................................................................................................................................ 5-14
5.4
5.4.1
5.4.1.1
5.4.1.2
5.4.2
5.4.2.1
5.4.2.2
5.4.3
5.4.3.1
5.4.3.2
5.4.3.3
5.4.3.4
5.4.3.5
.................................................................................................................................................... 5-15
................................................................................................................................................ 5-15
.................................................................................................................................................... 5-15
M ........................................................................................................................................... 5-15
........................................................................................................................................ 5-15
............................................................................................................................................ 5-15
................................................................................................................................................ 5-15
................................................................................................................................. 5-16
................................................................................................................................................ 5-16
................................................................................................................................................ 5-16
................................................................................................................................................ 5-16
................................................................................................................................................ 5-17
......................................................................................................................... 5-17
5.5
5.5.1
5.5.2
5.5.2.1
5.5.2.2
5.5.2.3
5.5.2.4
5.5.3
5.5.3.1
5.5.3.2
5.5.3.3
5.5.4
5.5.5
(FRP) ........................................................................................................ 5-18

........................................................................................................................................................ 5-18
........................................................................................................................................................ 5-18
............................................................................................................................................ 5-18
................................................................................................................................................ 5-18
.................................................................................................................................................... 5-18
........................................................................................................................................ 5-18
........................................................................................................................................................ 5-19
........................................................................................................................................................ 5-19
........................................................................................................................................ 5-19
................................................................................................................................................ 5-20
(GRP) ..................................................................................................................... 5-22
(CRP) ......................................................................................................................... 5-23
5
4
5.5.6
IV 1
GL 2010
................................................................................................................................................ 5-24
5.A
5. A
5.A.1
5.A.1.1
5.A.1.2
5.A.1.3
5.A.1.4
5.A.1.5
5.A.2
5.A.2.1
5.A.2.2
5.A.2.3
5.A.2.4
5.A.2.5
5.A.2.6
5.A.3
5.A.3.1
5.A.3.2
5.A.3.3
5.A.4
5.A.4.1
5.A.4.2
5.A.4.3
5.A.4.4
5.A.4.5
5.A.5
5.A.5.1
5.A.5.2
5.A.5.3
5.A.5.4
............................................................................................................ 5-25
........................................................................................................................................................ 5-25
........................................................................................................................................................ 5-25
..................................................................................................... 5-26
.................................................................................................................................... 5-26
.................................................................................................................................... 5-26
........................................................................................................................................ 5-26
................................................................................................................................................ 5-26
................................................................................................................................................ 5-26
................................................................................................................................................ 5-28
................................................................................................................................................ 5-29
........................................................................................................................................................ 5-29
.................................................................................................................................... 5-29
........................................................................................................................................ 5-29
................................................................................................................................................ 5-30
........................................................................................................................................................ 5-30
................................................................................................................................................ 5-30
........................................................................................................................................ 5-30
.................................................................................................................................... 5-30
........................................................................................................................................ 5-30
........................................................................................................................................................ 5-30
........................................................................................................................................................ 5-30
................................................................................................................................................ 5-30
................................................................................................................................................ 5-31
FE .......................................................................................................................... 5-31
........................................................................................................................................................ 5-31
............................................................................................................................. 5-31
............................................................................................................................. 5-31
........................................................................................................................................................ 5-32
5.B
5.B
5.B.1
5.B.2
5.B.2.1
5.B.2.2
5.B.3
S/N ........................................................................................................................ 5-34

........................................................................................................................................................ 5-34
........................................................................................................................................................ 5-34
........................................................................................................................................ 5-34
........................................................................................................................................ 5-35
S/N ..................................................................................................................................... 5-35
IV 1
GL 2010
5.1
5.1
(1)
1.3.2.2 4
1.3.2.3
(2)
(3)
(4)
5
5-1
6.6
7.1
(5)
5.3.2 7.1
(6)
6 7
IV 1
GL 2010
5.2
5.2
5.2.1
(1)
4.3.3
(2)
4
(3)
(4)
(5)
4.3.3 4
5.2.2
5.2.2.1
(1)
5
5-3
(4)
5.A
5.2.2.2
(1)
(SCF)
(2)
(3)
S/N
[5.1]
[5.2][5.3]
(4)
5.3.3.2.4
5.3.3.3
5.2.2.3
(1)
[5.3] 5.A
(2)
S/N
S/N
j j0 5.3.3.5.3
(2)
(3)
S/N
(3)
GL
(4)
IIW [5.3]
5
5-4
5.2
IIW [5.3]
(5)
5.3.3.2.4
5.3.3.3
5.2.3
IV 1
GL 2010
(1)
5.2.2.4
(2)
6 7
6.6.5.2
5.2.4
(1)
4.1.1 4
(2)
6 7
6.6.5.3
IV 1
GL 2010
5.3
5.3
6 7 6.6 6.7
5.3.1
(3)
(1)
(2)
GL
EN 10025:2004
5.3.2
5
5-5
5.3.2.1
(1)
GL
(2)
6.5
(3)
Eurocode 3 DIN 18800
(4)
1.3.2.4
1.3.2.3
(5)
M= 1.1
(6)
6.6.1 6.7
(4)
EN-GJS-700-2U
EN-GJS-400-18U-LT
(5)
(6)
S235 J2+NEN-GJS400-18U-LT 1.0%
(7)
GL
fyd
10%
(8)
5.3.3
5.3.2.2
5.3.3.1
(1)
5.2.2
(1)
(2)
(2)
5
5-6
5.3
(3)
> 109
[5.2]
(4)
(5)
(6)
GL
GL
5.3.3.2
5.3.3.2.1
(1)
4.B.2.3
(2)
5.A.5
(3)
EN 1993-1-9:2005
IV 1
GL 2010
(4)
5.3.3.4
(5)
5.3.1
5.3.3.2.2
(1)
Palmgren/Miner
[5.2]
(2)
S/N S/N
5.3.3.5
(3)
5.3.1 M
(4)
5.3.3.2.4
(5)
(6)
5.3.3.5 S/N
M 5.3.2
5.3.1
IV 1
GL 2010
5.3
5
5-7
5.3.1 M
1.15
1.0
1.0
1.25
1.15
1.0
5.3.2 M
M =1.25
M =1.25
M =1.25
M =1.15
M =1.0
5
5-8
5.3
5.3.3.2.3
IV 1
GL 2010
(1)
[5.1][5.2]
ni
Ni
(2)
4
i
ni
D
(3)
Ni
i M S/N
D1
M 5.3.1
(4)
(5)
S/N 5.3.3.5 5.3.3.3
(6)
5.3.3.2.4
D 0.5
5.3.3.2.4
Palmgren/Miner
D=
n i / N i Dadmi
(1)
5.3.1
Single
loading
t+T
Non
periodical
Periodical
Combined
loading
e.g..
Proportional
Non-proportional
Cyclic
Synchronous
(in phase)
Cycle forms
g(t)
1
0
a) Sinusoidal
Uniaxial
stress state
Multi-axial
stress state
Out
of phase
-1
b) Trapezoidal
-1
1
c) Triangular
Principal
directions
yx
1 xy
Different
frequencies
-1
= constant
5.3.1
= varying
Liu/Zenner
IV 1
GL 2010
5.3
5
5-9
(2)
(2)
(3)
[5.1] [5.3]
(3)
N-GJS-400-18U-LT
(4)
[5.1] [5.3]
[5.3]
(5)
GL
5.3.3.3
(1)
(4)
[5.1] [5.3]
(5)
[5.3]
GL
Eurocode 3 S/N
S/N curve according to Eurocode 3
N = ND(D/)3
N = ND(D/)5
Design
S/N
curve
S/N
S/N curve
to IIW
IIW according
S/N
ND = 5 106
NA = 2 106
108
ND = 1 107
109
Number of stress cycles N
5.3.2 S/N
5
5 - 10
5.3
5.3.3.4
IV 1
GL 2010
(8)
5.B
(1)
5.3.3
(2)
(3)
A* m
R S/N A*(R)
(4)
S/N
(5)
5.3.3.2.1
(6)
1 2
5.3.3
(7)
M
M - R 1
M/3 0 R 1
GL
(9)
(10) Rp0.2 / M
a
(m+a <= lim)
5.3.3.5 S/N
5.3.3.5.1
S/N
(1)
S/N EN 1993-19:2005 [5.1] IIW [5.3]
Eurocode 3
(EC 3)[5.1] IIW [5.3]
GL
(2)
2
EC 3
[5.1] IIW [5.3]
(3)
EN 1993-1-9:2005
IIW [5.3]
75 %75%
of Limiting stress level
R= -
M
M/3
*A,i (R=-1)
*A,i (R)
45
45
Mean stress m
5.3.3.
m,i (R)
R=1
IV 1
GL 2010
5.3
5
5-11
(4)
GL
3.4.2.7
(5)
i
4 D
0.5
(11)
M30
D 0.5
(6)
EN1993-1-9:2005 S/N
EN1993-1-9:2005
S/N
I
S/N m1 = 3
Ni < 5 106 II
S/N m2 = 5
Ni 5 106
EN 1993-1-9:2005
S/N m = 5
I + II
S/N m = 5
(7)
IIW S/N
S/N
I
S/N m1 = 3
Ni < 1 107
II
S/N m2 = 5
Ni 1 107
(8)
5.3.2 S/N
(9)
Ni
5.3.3.2.3 5.3.1 M
(10) S/N
M
50
71
71*( 2
FS max
) 85
F0 ,2 min
FSmax
F0,2min
0.2 %
S/N EN 1993-1-9:2005
(12) A
AS
(13)
M30 ks
ks = (30mm/d)0,25
S/N d
6.5
5.3.3.5.2
(1)
S/N
S/N
GL
S/N
5.B S/N
5.3.3.2.3
5
5 - 12
5.3
IV 1
GL 2010
S/N
Design
S/N curve
1
S/N
S/N
Synthetic
curve ( = 2a)
i
t
Reduction
with
SP = 2/3
Spu=2/3
*A
N = ND(*A/)m1
N = ND(*A/)m2
N1
ND
107
108
109
Number
of stress cycles
5.3.4
S/N S/N
S/N SP > 2/3 GL
(2)
5.B [5.4]
(4)
S/N
M
(5)
Ni > NDS/N
2m1-1 *A m1
5.3.4
ND
S/N
ND
5.3.3.5.3
(3)
S/N P =
50 % [5.4]
P > 97.7 %
S/N A
A = A SP
SP = 2/3
P > 97.7 % 2
P > 50 %
S / N
(1)
S/N
GL
S/N
5.B S/N
5.3.3.2.3
IV 1
GL 2010
5.3
5
5-13
S/N
Design S/N curve

1
S/N
S/N
Synthetic
curve
N = ND(*A/)m2
*A
N = ND(*A/)m1
*A = SP Sd A
N1
ND
107
108
109
Number
of stress cycles N
5.3.5
S/N S/N
(2)
(4)
5.B
S/N
M
(5)
S/N
S/N
S/N 5.B
(6)
Sd = 0.85 (j-j 0)
3.3.2.2 3.3.2.5
(3)
S/N P=
50 %S/N A
= A S P
S/N
1...3 3.3.2.2 3.3.2.5

)
j0
0 1
S P = 2/3
P > 97.7 % 2
P > 50 % S/N
SP > 2/3 GL
5
5 - 14
(UT)
(RT)
5.3
j0=0
j0=1
(PT) (MT)
3.3.2.2 3.3.2.5
MT/PT 3
UT 1 MT/PT
2 UT 1
MT/PT UT
(7)
GL
1.2.2.4.2 1.2.3.5
3.3.2.2
3.3.2.5
(8)
S/N
S/N
A = SP Sd A
ND 5.3.5
Ni > NDS/N
2m1-1 *A m1
5.3.5
IV 1
GL 2010
5.3.3.5.4
S.N
(1)
S/N
(2)
[5.3]
GL
5.3.4
5.3.4.1
M = 1.0
5.3.4.2
5.3.2.2 6
IV 1
GL 2010
5.4
5.4
5.4.1
5
5-15
Nnom = r nR T 2 109
(5.4.1)
5.4.1.1
(1)
3 Eurocode 2 9
DIN 1045-1
(2)
5.4.1.2 M
5.4.1 M
M = 1.2
5.4.2
nR
5.4.2.1
(1)
1.3.2.3
(2)
4.3.3 4.3.1 4.3.2
NA T
(3)
Eurocode 2 DIN 1045-1 a.m.

GL a.m.
(4)
(5)
(6)
5.4.2
5.4.2.2
(1)
CEB-FIP 1990[5.5 a/b] 6.7.4

6.7.5
(2)
Scd,max 0.40 + 0.46 Scd,min
(5.4.2)
5
5 - 16
5.4
IV 1
GL 2003
5.4.1
1.5 1
(1.2) 2
1.5
1.0
1.4 1
(1.2) 2
1.4
1.0
1.15 1
1.15
1.0
M = 1.3 M = 1.0
/ M = 1.2
M EC 2 DIN 1045-1
GL
Scd,min
Sd c,min c / fcd,fat
c,max
Scd,max
Sd c,max c / fcd,fat
c,min
Sd
= 1.1
6.6.6.1.5
c,max = 4.3.3
4.3.1 4.3.2 F
c,min = c,max
c,min = 0
= DafStb 439 (8)
c = 1.0
fcd,fat = 0.85 cc(t) fck ( 1 fck/250 ) / c
fck
= N/mm
= 5.4.1
cc(t) =
cc(t) 1.0
28
cc(t) < 1.0

(3)
5.4.2.2 2
5.4.3
5.4.3.1
M = 1.0
5.4.3.2
5.4.3.3
(1)
DLC 1.51.6 9.4

0.6 fck
DIN 1045-1:2008-08
11.1.2 (1)
(2)
0.45 fck
IV 1
GL 2010
5.4
5.4.3.4
(1)
pf = 10-2 20 1750
DLC 1.1 6.4
DLC 1.5 9.4
5
5-17
-
(2)
pf = 10-2 20
1750 DLC 1.1 6.4
DLC 1.1
6.4 104
(2)
0.2mm
pf = 10-2
20 1750 DLC 1.1 6.4
DLC 1.5 9.4
DLC 1.51.6 9.4

4.2.4.1
5.4.3.5
(1)
DLC 1.1
6.4 104
(3)
5
5 - 18
5.5 (FRP)
5.5
5.5.1
(FRP)
(1)
5.5.2.3
Sd
Rd Rk Mx )
S d Rk / Mx = Rd
(2)
5.5.4 5.5.6
5.5.2
IV 1
GL 2010
5.5.2.1
U p
Rk ( , P , ,n ) = x 1 U +
Ui
i%
(2)
(3)
DIN 1
P=95% = 5 %
(1)
FRP GL
GL
1.645
R k (5%,95%, , n ) = x 1 1.645 +
(2)
3.1
5.5.2.4
(3)
3.2
(1)
Mx
(4)
3.4.3 3.4.5
(x=a),
(x=b),
5.5.2.2
(x=c),
(1)
GL 3.4.3.4 1
5.5.6 5
(x=d x=e)
(2)
3.3.3.8 3.4.5.2
(3)
E -
(4)
ISO 11357-2 Teig 65

C
M0 Cix
Mx = M0
ix
M0
M0 = 1.35
Cix
5.5.2.3
(2)
Ma 5.5.2.4
1 M0 Cia
(1)
C1a =
RK
1.35
IV 1
GL 2010
5.5 (FRP)
5
5-19
C2a =
1.1
pII (-) = 0.25
C3a =
1.1
pII (+) = 0.3
1.2
pII
C4a =
1.0
1.1
(3)
(3)
Mb M0
Cib 5.5.2.4 1
C1b =
N1/m
N
m
m S/N
GL
m
5.5.4 13 5.5.5
6
(-)
pII
(+)
Puck[5.6]
5.5.3.2
5.5.3.2.1
(1)
Sd
/
5.5.3.2.2
C2b =
1.1
C3b =
1.0
(UD)
1.1
UD
(1)
5.5.3.1 2
M0 CIFF
1.2
CIFF =
C4b =
1.0
1.1
C5b =
1.0 1.2
1.0FE
1.1
1.2
5.5.3
5.5.3.1
1.25
(2)
(1)
6.2.5
6.2.5
(2)
VDI 2014
Puck GL
IEC 61400-23
GL
GL
(3)
S/N S/N
5
5 - 20
5.5 (FRP)
IV 1
GL 2010
GL
(7)
5.5.3.2.3 2
C3c = 1.0
C1c
1.1
GL
-30C
5.5.3.2.3
(1)
/
Sd
6.2.4.1 4 )
(2)
MD Rd
MD M0 5.5.2.4
1 Cic
5.5.3.3
(1)
5.5.2.3
S/N
S/N
5.5.2.4 3 C1b 5.5.4 13
5.5.5 6
(2)
R S
R S
5.5.1
C1c =
1.1
C2c =
1.1
5.5.4
15 5.5.5 8
C3c =
1.25
R k, t + R k, c 2 Ma Sk, M R k, t + R k, c
N=
2 ( Mb /C1b ) Sk, A
(3)
(4)
5%
(5)
10
1
1
1/400
5.5.2.4
2 C1a
Sk,M =
Sk,A =
|Sk,max Sk,min|/2
Rk,t =
Rk,c =
S/N m
m GL
S/N
5.5.4 13
5.5.5 6
N
Ma =
5.5.2.4
Mb
=
5.5.2.4
C1b =
N1/m 5.5.2.4 3 [
Mb/C1b Mb
C1b]
(6)
IV 1
GL 2010
5.5 (FRP)
5
5-21
(3)
N
D ni
Ni .
(4)
ni
Ni
D 1
n
D = i 1
i Ni
Rk,A/Mb
Sk,A
Rk,c/Ma
R k , t R k ,c
2 Ma
Sk,
M
5.5.1
Rk,t/Ma
5
5 - 22
Rk,A =
5.5.4
5.5 (FRP)
N=1
5.5.4 14
5.5.5 7
(2)
5.5.2.3 1
(3)
5.5.2.3
/
10%
(4)
/
(5)
(6)
5%
ISO 291 23/50

ISO 527-5 B
E
6
ISO 291 23/50

45 (ISO 14129)
6
ISO 291 23/50

ISO 14126B
(GRP)
(1)
-30 C +50 C
GL
ISO 75-2
3
5.5.2.2 4
ISO 1172
5.5.4 13
5.5.5
6
(7)
ISO 291 23/50

DIN 53294 ASTM C 273
6
GL
(8)
-30 C
(9)
DIN EN ISO 6721-5

10C
3
DIN EN 1465
6
GL
5%
IV 1
GL 2010
(10)
ISO 291 23/50

ISO 527-4 /-5B
E
6
DIN EN ISO 527-5B
E
6 ,
ISO 291 23/50

(ISO 14126)
E B
6
45 DIN EN ISO
14129
6
(11)
2.5 %
DIN 53294
ASTM C 273
GL
IV 1
GL 2010
5.5 (FRP)
(12)
GL
4
(13) 5.5.2.4 3 C1b
m 3.3.3.4 4
m = 9
m = 10
(4)
-30 C +50 C
5.5.4 5 7
, -30 C
+50 C
DIN EN 2597
E
6
DIN EN 28501998 4
E A1
8 mm 0.25 mm
6
m 30%-55%
S/N
(14) N=1
Rk,A = (Rk,t+|Rk,c|)/2
45 Rk,A
Rk,A = 1.85%
(15) 50 C
23 C 20%
C2x 30 C 50 C
(16)
Rd,t 0.35%
Rd,c |0.25|%
5
5-23
(5)
-30 C
5.5.4 8 11
-30
C
DIN EN 2597
E
6
(6)
5.5.2.4 3 C1b
m CRP m=14
50%-60%
S/N
(7)
N=1
Rk,A = (Rk,t+|Rk,c|)/2
(17)
100 N/mm
35%
45 Rk,A
5.5.5
(8)
50 C
23 C 20%
C2x -30 C 50 C
(CRP)
(1)
(HT)
HMHSIM
GL
3.3.3.4 5
(2)
CRP
(3)
Rk,A = 1.1%
(9)
Rd,t 0.24%
Rd,c |0.18|%
(10)
150 N/mm
5
5 - 24
5.5.6
5.5 (FRP)
(1)
5.5.3
3.4.4.1 2
(2)
(3)
(4)
23 C 50 C
GL
Md Md M0
5.5.2.4 1 Cid
C1d =
1.5
C2d =
1.0
C3d =
1.1
C4d =
1.0
1.1
(5)
Rk = 7 N/mm
GL
3
(6)
S/N S/N
ISO 291 23/50
4
3
107
N=1, N=104, N=106, N=107R
0.1
GL
IV 1
GL 2010
(7)
S/N
MeMe M0 5.5.2.4 1
Cie
C1e =
=
1.0
1.1
C2e =
1.1
C3e =
1.1
C4e =
1.0
1.1
5.5.3.3 2 3
(8)
5.5.6 6 7
107
m=4 m=14
GL
Rd = 1.0 N/mm2
(9)
5.5.6
8
5.5.6 7
(10) N=106
3
GL
(11)
S/N ISO 291
23/50
IV 1
GL 2010
5. A
5. A
5.A.1
5.A.1.1
(1)
(FEM)
(International Association for the Engineering

Analysis Community)
(2)
5
5-25
5.A.5
(3)
(4)
(5)
4
(6)
5
5 - 26
5. A
IV 1
GL 2010
(7)
(2)
(3)
5.A.1.3 2
5.A.1.5
5.A.1.3 5.A.1.5
(1)
5.A.1.2
-
(1)
(2)
5.A.1.1
4
5.A.1.1 7
5.A.1.3 5.A.1.5
(2)
-
k

(3)
/
5.A.1.1 6
(4)
5.A.2.1 5.A.2.3
(3)
FE
5.3.3.5.1
S
5.A.1.3
(1)
(2)
5.A.1.4 5.A.1.5
(4)
(5)
5
5.A.2
5.A.2.1
5.A.1.4
(1)
(1)
FE
5.A.1
IV 1
GL 2010
5. A
5
5-27
(2)
5.A.2 3D
(3)
/
5.A.3 5.A.4
5.A.3
5.A.1.1 3
5.A.3
5.A.1
5.A.4
5.A.3 1/
5.A.2
5.A.1 1
5
5 - 28
5. A
IV 1
GL 2010
5.A.3
5.A.2.2
(1)
(2)
5.A.4
5.A.3 2
1D
1D
2D
3D
(3)
(4)
IV 1
GL 2010
5. A
(5)
(6)
5.A.2.3
(1)
(2)
(3)
3:1
5
5-29
(5)
5.A.2.5
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
NAFEMS
5.A.2.6
5.A.2.4
(2)
2D 1D
(1)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(3)
(5)
5.A.5
(4)
(4)
5
5 - 30
5.A.3
5. A
IV 1
GL 2010
(5)
5.A.3.1
5.A.4.2
5.2.1
5.A.3.2
(1)
5.A.2.3 2
(2)
(3)
5.A.3.3
(1)
(2)
(3)
5.A.5
5.A.4
5.A.4.1
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
5.A.4.3
(1)
(2)
5
5
5.A.1.1 7
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
FEM 6.5.2
5.A.4.4
(1)
(2)
5.A.1.1 7
(3)
(4)
IV 1
GL 2010
5. A
5
5-31
5.A.4.5
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
5.A.5.4
5.A.5
FE
5.A.5.1
5.A.5.2
(1)
FEM
[5.7]
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
/(
5.3.3.2.2)
(8)
(9)
(10) /
5.A.5.4.2
(11)
5.A.5.3
(6)
(7)
(1)
FE
5.A.5.4
5
5 - 32
5. A
(2)
-
IV 1
GL 2010
5.A.5.2 9
1D2D3D
FE

FE
(2)
5.A.5.4
5.A.5.4.1
(1)
(2)
5.A.5.4.2
(1)
5.A.5.3

FE
IV 1
GL 2010
5. A
FE
FE
/
(3)
5
5-33
(4)
(5)
(6)
FE CAD
CAD *.iges, *.stp and *.x_t
GL /
5.A.5.4.3
(1)
5.A.5.2 5
5.A.4.5
(2)
(3)
-
5 7
FE
5
5 - 34
5. B S/N
5.B
5.B.1
S/N
(1)
S/N
S/N
S/N
(2)
S/N
(3)
5.B.1
IV 1
GL 2010
(4)
S/N j
j0 5.3.3.5.3
5.B.2
5.B.2.1
5.B.1
S/N
Rm
N/mm
Rp0.2
N/mm
k k = 1
Rz
j0
mm
IV 1
GL 2010
5.B S/N
5
5-35
S/N 5.B.2
S/N
5.B.3
5.B.2.2
5.B.2 S/N
N/mm
N1
A*
S/N
N/mm
ND
S/N
m1
N1 < N ND S/N
m2
N > ND S/N
N = ND(*A/)m2
*A
N = ND(*A/)m1
N1
ND
107
108
109
Number
of stress cycles N
5.B.1 S/N
5.B.3
S/N
Inpu
t parameters
Non-welded forged and
rolled pa
rts5B2
:
Fig. 5.B.2
Cast
steel and spheroidal
5B.3
graphite cast
iron:
Fig. 5.B.3
5
5 - 36
5.B S/N
IV 1
GL 2010
b = 1.06Rm
b = Rm
0.2 = 1.06Rp0.2
0.2 = Rp0.2
Ft = ((2195- b) / 1790) t > 100 mm

Ft = 1 t 100
0.53
(R )
( ( z))0.64log(b) + 0.45log
z
1 0.22 log R
FOt
F
ot
(1 Fo)2 + (1 Ft)2
0.436
+ 77
w
0.2
0.00035
0.1
k = k / n
( k)2 1 +
otk
(Fot)2
S/N m1
m2
12
m
+3
1
2
F
wk F
( otk )
otk
1
p
wk
1+ u
M+1
u u
S/N
F
A
wk
1 + pa
6.4 2.5 ( m1)
10
m
* 1
A
N1 = N D

1
S/N
S
*
= 2
A

M
1R

1
0.2
M
1 + pa
2
2 a ( 1 p )
2 a ( 1 p )
S/N
1R
1+ R
2 m 1
wk
M+1
(1 p)a
1
(1 p)a
1 + pa
2
2 a ( 1 p ) if p1
+
1 + pa
2
2 a ( 1 p )
if p>1
:
2
S
P 3
Rm(t) or by
S
t
25

0.1
S S S
P t
5.B.2 S/N
IV 1
GL 2010
5.B S/N
b = 1.06*Rm
b = Rm
( ( z) )
1 0.22 log R
(R )
( b) + 0.45log
z
0.64
log
5
5-37
0.53
k = k / n
( k)2 1 +
ok
0.27 + 100
(Fo)2
M 0.00035 + 0.08
0.27
M 0.00035 + 0.05
+ 85
S/N m1 m2
5.5
m
+ 6
1
2
F
wk F
( ok )
1
wk
u
M+1
ok
2 m 1
1
1+ R
1R
S/N
F
A
wk
S/N
1+ u
u u
m
M+1
6.83.6 ( m1)
wk
1 + pa
2
2 a ( 1 p )
1
1 + p a
2
2 a ( 1 p )
( 1 p) a
( 1 p) a
1 + pa
2
2 a ( 1 p ) if p1
2
1 + pa
2
2 a ( 1 p ) if p>1
10
m
* 1
A
N1 = ND

1
S/N
S
*
= 2
A

M
1R
R
1
p02
M
0.85
jj0
:
2
S
P 3
Rm (t) or by
S
t
25

0.15
S S S S
P t d
. 5.B.3 S/N
IV
2010
IV 1
GL 2010
6
3
6.1
......................................................................................................................................................... 6-1
6.2
6.2.2
6.2.3
6.2.4
6.2.5
......................................................................................................................................... 6-2
.................................................................................................................................................... 6-2
.................................................................................................................................................... 6-2
............................................................................................................................................................ 6-2
.................................................................................................................................................... 6-3
6.3
6.3.1
6.3.2
6.3.3
................................................................................................................................................. 6-5
............................................................................................................................................................ 6-5
.................................................................................................................................................... 6-5
............................................................................................................................................................ 6-5
6.4
6.4.1
6.4.2
6.4.3
..................................................................................................................................... 6-6
............................................................................................................................................................ 6-6
.................................................................................................................................................... 6-6
............................................................................................................................................................ 6-6
6.5
6.5.1
6.5.2
6.5.3
................................................................................................................................................. 6-9
.................................................................................................................................................... 6-9
................................................................................................................................ 6-9
.......................................................................................................................................... 6-10
6.6
6.6.1
6.6.2
6.6.3
6.6.4
6.6.5
6.6.6
6.6.7
6.6.8
....................................................................................................................................................... 6-11
.......................................................................................................................................................... 6-11
.................................................................................................................................................. 6-11
.................................................................................................................................................. 6-11
.............................................................................................................................................. 6-11
.................................................................................................................................. 6-11
.................................................................................................................................................. 6-13
.................................................................................................................................................. 6-15
...................................................................................................................................................... 6-18
6.7
6.7.1
6.7.2
6.7.3
6.7.4
6.7.5
6.7.6
....................................................................................................................................................... 6-19
.......................................................................................................................................................... 6-19
.................................................................................................................................................. 6-19
.................................................................................................................................................. 6-19
.............................................................................................................................................. 6-19
.......................................................................................................................................................... 6-19
.......................................................................................................................................................... 6-20
IV 1
GL 2010
6.1
6.1
(1)
7
(2)
3
(3)
5
4
1.3.2.3 3
(4)
6
6-1
ISO / IEC 17025

GL
P = 95 % 1- = 0.95
DIN
55303 5 1987
(5)
IPE
6
6-2
6.2
6.2
IV 1
GL 2010
6.2.1.1
(1)
GL
(2)
(FRP)
5
(3)
8.9.3.9
(2)
4.3.4.1 8
(3)
6.2.1.2
5.5.2.1
6.2.3.2
6.2.1.3
(1)
5.5.2.2
5.5.4
6.2.5.1 2
b)
6.2.4
c)
d)
e)
ASCII MS Excel
(2)
f)
6.2.5
g)
h)
b) e) g)
10
10
6.2.2
a)
6.2.3
6.2.3.1
(1)
GL
GL
1.2.2.5.3
6.2.3.3
GL
6.2.4
6.2.4.1
(1)
Rd
Sd.
IV 1
GL 2010
6.2
6
6-3
6.2.4.3
(2)
GL
6.2.5
(3)
100kW
GL
(4)
(5)
1.2
(6)
(7)
30%
5%
6.2.4.2
(1)
4
4.3
(2)
6.2.5.1
(1)
(2)
EN 17025 GL
GL GL
(3)
1.2.2.4.1 3
(4)
6.2.5.2
(1)
GL
(2)
70%
STest
GL
30
6
6-4
6.2
(f 0,n,Torsion < 5f 0,n,Flap)
(3)
STest
=
Sd 1 2
Sd
1T
= 1.1
2T
= 1.0
20 C
= 1.1
-30 C
STest
20C -30C
(4)
80%
(5)
40 % 100 % 4
6.2.5.2 4
4
IV 1
GL 2010
(7)
(8)
8.9.3.1 2
8.9.1
6.2.5.3
(1)
Stest
7 5
10
(2)
STest
STest
(6)
10
6.4
IV 1
GL 2010
6.3
6
6-5
6.3.1
(1)
3.3.2
(2)
c)
6.3.3
(1)
6.5
(3)
A5 < 12.5 % KV < 10 J
GL
(4)
GL
GL
6.3.2
a)
b)
(2)
3
5.3
7 4
(3)
5.A.5
(4)
6
6-6
6.4
6.4
6.4.1
IV 1
GL 2010
6.4.1.1
(1)
GL
(3)
FRP
GL
GL
(2)
8.9
(4)
1/200
1/150
6.4.1.2
6.4.3.2
3.4.3
3.4.4
(Fsk psk)
6.4.1.3
6.4.3.2.1
(1)
3
(FRP 5.5.2.2
(2)
(FRP) 5.5.2.2
E -
6.4.3
6.4.2
a)
6.4.3
b)
6.4.3
6.4.3.1
(1)
Rd
Sd.
(FRP)
Sd
6.2.5.2 3
(2)
(1)
Eurocode 1
1.05
1.05
Eurocode 1
(2)
6.4.3.2.2
(1)
pSk
3 kN/m
FSk
1.5 kN 20 cm x 20 cm
(2)
pSk
3.0 kN/m
FSk
1.5 kN 20 cm x 20 cm
(3)
H=
1.1 20cm 20
20cm
pSk
1.0 kN/m
6.4
IV 1
GL 2010
FSk
(4)
1.5 kN
6
6-7
vWind
4
DLC 6.1
50
15 F =
1.35
DLC 6.2
50
F = 1.1
DLC 7.1
F = 1.1
(5)
FSk
20 kN
(6)
(7)
F= 1,5
cp
Eurocode 1
6.4.1 6.4.1
(8)
F = 1.0
(1)
cp
6.4.3.2.3
FSk= /2 v
Wind
A cp
(2)
cp
cp 20%
10%
(3)
F 4
DLC 6.1 6.2 7.1
cp = 0.6
cp = 0.5
cp = 0.8
cp = 0.6
6.4.1 cp
6.4.1 cp
A
cp
+0.8
-0.5
-0.6
6
6-8
6.4.3.2.4
6.4
6.4.3.2.2
6.4.3.2.5
6.4.3.3
5
IV 1
GL 2010
IV 1
GL 2010
6.5
6.5
6.5.1
6
6-9
5 5A
a)
6.5.2 6.6.7.1
6.6.7.3
b)
c)
6.5.3
d)

6.5.2
(1)
VDI 2230 1 [6.1]
DIN 18800 GL
(2)
(5)
(6)
5.3.3.5.1
11
8.8 10.9 ISO 898-1:2009
(7)
5.3.2.1 5 VDI2230 1
6.5.2 1
M = 1.0
(8)
ISO / IEC 17025

GL
(9)
GL
(10)
(11)
(3)
(12) a
b
1 %
M = 1.0.
(4)
(13)
/
b
6
6-10
6.5
(14) b
10%
(15) 5.3.3.5.1 11
50
71
IV 1
GL 2010
(2)
(3)
6.5.3
(4)
(1)
9.4
(5)
GRP
CRP
IV 1
GL 2010
6.6
6.6
6.6.1
6.6.6
6.6.2
6.6.2.1
6.6.4
(1)
4.3.3 4.3.1 4.3.2
(2)
(3)
5mm/m
3mm/m
6.6.2.2
6
6-11
6.6.5
6.6.5.1
6.6.2.3
9.1
6.6.3
(1)
6.6.5.2
(2)
(3)
20%
(4)
5 %
(5)
6.6.1 6.6.2
2.3.2.6
6
6-12
6.6
fR
0.95
f 0 ,n
f R ,m
f 0 ,n
0.95
fR
1.05
f 0,n
f R ,m
f 0,n
1.05
(6.6.1)
(6.6.2)
fR
fR,m
f0,n
6.6.5.2
(1)
(2)
1.3.3
(3)
(4)
(5)
4.B
4.B.2.3
IV 1
GL 2010
6.6.5.3
(1)
6.6.5.1
(EWM) G
V(z)
DIN 1055-4 G
b h
0.1
B = 0.1
(2)
DIN 1055-4
(EWM) 3s
G=1
(3)
6.6.5.1
G=1
6.6.5.3
DIN 1055-4
6.6.5.4
(1)
4
(2)
10.6
(3)
IV 1
GL 2010
6.6
Fx
My Mz
90
6
6-13
(3)
II
6.6.6.1.2
6.6.5.5
(1)
/
(2)
/ 6.6.4
6.6.6
(1)
5.3.2
6.6.7.2
DIN 18800-1
/
/
6.6.6.1
6.6.6.1.1
(1)
4.3.5.2
4.3.5.3
(2)
N A T
4.3.3
4.3.1 4.3.2
(2)
5.4.2.1
1/20
TM = 15 K
TN = 15 K
180
6.6.1
6
6-14
6.6
IV 1
GL 2010
15 K
15 K
15 K
0K
15 K
15 K
0K
ature gradient along the wall thickness

Temper
Temperature
gradient along the circumference
6.6.1
6.6.6.1.3
(1)
EN 1993-1-6
DIN 18800 2 4
DIN18800-4:1990-11 (29
DIN 188004:1990-11 (30 6.6.3
C x = 1.0
x,M
x, N
+ C x,N
x
x
(6.6.3)
(3)
Eurocode 2EN 1992-1-1

5.8
6.6.6.1.4
(1)
4.3.3 4.3.1 4.3.2
F
x,N
x,M
Cx,N
DIN 18800-4:1990-11 (408) (30)

Cx
(2)
5.3.3
11
r/t 150
l t

r r
(2)
EN 1993-16:2007 8.6 8.8
0.5
S 235 S355
(3)
5.4.2.2
(4)
S/N 5.3.3
5.4.2.2
6.6.6.1.5
(1)
DQ
DQ,1
IV 1
GL 2010
6.6
6
6-15
DQ,0
6.6.5.3
/
/
(2)
DQ,1
1/20
2.3.2
(3)
DQ,0
DQ,0
1
1
90%
(4)
DF
DQ
DF
6.6.7
6.6.7.1
(5)
DF DF DQ
6.6.4 6.6.5
D = DF
D=
19
D F + DQ
20
(6.6.4)
(6.6.5)
6.6.6.2
(1)
4.3.5.1
(2)
5.3.4
(3)
5.4.3
(4)
1.3.2.2
(1) DIN 18800 7
(2)
/
(3)
(4)
70%
90%
(5)
10%
6
6-16
6.6
k
s
IV 1
GL 2010
k
s
s
lk
lk
a) L
bT
6.6.2
k
6.6.1
lk
6.6.2
k
10%
(6)
Petersen Schmidt-Neuper
36*
(FEM)
0.5mm
10%
(7)
S
DIN 18800-7 814
2% 6.6.2
FEM
Petersen Seidel [6.2]

ULS
6.6.7.2
(1)
EN 1993-1-6:2007 8.6
Rcr
(GNA) Rpl
2(rt)0.5
(2)
DASt 017
IV 1
GL 2010
6.6
6
6-17
PETERDEN
P
ETERSEN
- M e th o d
xS,R,d-DIN DIN 18800-4
xact calculation
e
method
- without
-
with
imperfections
C1
6.6.7
C1 = A1 B1(r/t)
(6.6.7)
A1 B1 6.6.1
Fv
without preloading
Z l
ly axia
force of the tower wall Z
proportionate
(r/t) 160
6.6.3
60
h1 / b1 3
(3)
6.6.4
a b 6.6.6
DIN 18800-4
xS,R,d = C1xS,R,d-DIN
6.6.4
(6.6.6)
6.6.1 6.6.7
S 235
S 355
A1
B1
A1
B1
= 20
1.00
0.0019
0.95
0.0021
= 30
0.90
0.0019
0.85
0.0021
= 60
0.75
0.0022
0.70
0.0024
6
6-18
6.6
nx or x
Collar
stiffener
IV 1
GL 2010
Fs , Rd = 0.9
M ,3
FV
(6.6.8)
b1
t
d = 2r
FV
DIN 18800-7
0.5
DIN 18800-7
826
nx or x
a)
Cross-section of the
opening edge-stiffener
b1
M,3 = 1.25 4.3.3 4.3.1 N

1 4
b)
6.6.4
6.6.4
DIN 18800-1:1990-11
15 (b/t)
(4)
M,3 = 1.1 4.3.3 4.3.1 4.3.2
(4)
6.6.7.3
(1)
(SLP SLVP)
(GV GVP)
(2) SLP SLVP
6.6.6.1.2 6.6.6.1.4
(3) GV GVP
6.6.8
6.6.8
Eurocode 2 EN 1992-1-1 4
DIN 1045-1 6
DIN 18800 1 7.7 Eurocode 3
DIN EN ISO 12944
IV 1
GL 2010
6.7
6.7
6.7.1
6
6-19
6.7.2.4
(1)
(2)
(3)
6.7.2
6.7.2.1
(1)
(2)
6.7.2.2
GL
6.7.3
(1)
5.3 5.4
(2)
4.3.3
DIN 1054
GL
6.7.4
(1)
4.3.1
(2)
/
(3)
6.6.4 3
6.7.2.3
6.7.5
6.7.5.1
5.3 6.6
6
6-20
6.7
6.7.5.2
(1)
5.4
(2)
(3)
0.5m
0.2mm
0.3mm 5.4.3.4
(4)
DIN 4030
6.7.5.1
6.7.5.2
6.7.6.4
6.7.6
6.7.6.1
(1)
DIN 1054
(2)
5.4.2.1 4
4.3.3
6.7.1
4.3.1 4.3.2
DIN 1054:2005-01
DIN 1054
(3)
DIN 4178:2005-04
4.3.1 4.3.2
N T
(3)
DIN 1054 DIN
1054:2005-16.3.3 12 3
4.3.1 4.3.2 6.7.1
(4)
6.7.6.3
(1)
6.7.5.3
IV 1
GL 2010
DIN 1054
DIN4017
DIN 4018
DIN V 4019-100
(2)
7.5.3 DIN
1054
(3)
DIN 1054 7
DIN 1054 7.6.1 DLC

1.1 6.4 pf = 10-2
20 1750h (F = 1.0)
DIN 1054 7.6.1

DLC 1.1 6.4
104
6.7.6.2
(1)
(4)
6.7.1 (F = 1.0) 12 3
(2)
(5)
3
IV 1
GL 2010
6.7
6
6-21
(6)
4.3.3
(4)
DLC 1.1 6.4

pf = 10-2 20 1750hF = 1.0
6.7.6.4
(1)
12 3
DIN 1054
6.7.1 Table 4.3.3 F
6.4
(2)
(3)
F = 1.0
4.3.3
P = 1.4
104 DLC 1.1
(5)
(6)
IV
2010
IV 1
GL 2010
7
3
7.1
7.1.1
7.1.2
......................................................................................................................................................... 7-1
................................................................................................................................................. 7-1
......................................................................................................................................................... 7-1
7.2
7.2.1
7.2.2
7.2.3
7.2.4
7.2.4.1
7.2.4.2
7.2.4.3
7.2.4.4
7.2.4.5
......................................................................................................................................... 7-2
......................................................................................................................................................... 7-2
................................................................................................................................................. 7-2
............................................................................................................................................. 7-2
.............................................................................................................................. 7-2
............................................................................................................................................. 7-2
................................................................................................................................................. 7-3
................................................................................................................................................. 7-3
................................................................................................................................................. 7-3
................................................................................................................................................. 7-3
7.3
7.3.1
7.3.2
7.3.3
7.3.3.1
7.3.3.2
7.3.4
7.3.5
7.3.5.1
7.3.5.2
7.3.5.3
7.3.5.4
7.3.5.5
7.3.6
......................................................................................................................................................... 7-5
......................................................................................................................................................... 7-5
................................................................................................................................................. 7-5
......................................................................................................................................................... 7-5
................................................................................................................................................. 7-5
................................................................................................................................................. 7-5
............................................................................................................................................. 7-5
......................................................................................................................................................... 7-6
...................................................................................................................... 7-6
................................................................................................................................................. 7-6
................................................................................................................................................. 7-6
................................................................................................................................................. 7-7
................................................................................................................................................. 7-7
......................................................................................................................................................... 7-7
7.4
7.4.1
7.4.2
7.4.3
7.4.3.1
7.4.3.2
7.4.3.3
7.4.4
7.4.4.1
7.4.4.2
7.4.4.3
7.4.4.4
7.4.5
7.4.5.1
7.4.5.2
7.4.5.3
7.4.6
7.4.6.1
7.4.6.2
7.4.6.3
7.4.7
7.4.7.1
7.4.7.2
7.4.7.3
..................................................................................................................................................... 7-8
......................................................................................................................................................... 7-8
................................................................................................................................................. 7-8
......................................................................................................................................................... 7-8
..................................................................................................................................... 7-8
......................................................................................................................................... 7-8
................................................................................................................................................. 7-8
............................................................................................................................................. 7-8
......................................................................................................................................................... 7-8
................................................................................................................................................. 7-8
................................................................................................................................................. 7-8
................................................................................................................................................. 7-8
.............................................................................................................................. 7-8
......................................................................................................................................................... 7-8
...................................................................................................................... 7-9
............................................................................................................................................... 7-11
.................................................................................................................... 7-11
....................................................................................................................................................... 7-11
....................................................................................................................................... 7-11
....................................................................................................................................... 7-11
............................................................................................................................................... 7-11
........................................................................................................................................... 7-11
............................................................................................................................................... 7-11
........................................................................................................................ 7-11
7
4
IV 1
GL 2010
7.4.7.4
7.4.8
7.4.9
7.4.10
7.4.11
....................................................................................................................................... 7-12
....................................................................................................................................................... 7-12
........................................................................................................................................... 7-12
....................................................................................................................................................... 7-12
............................................................................................................................................... 7-12
7.5
7.5.1
7.5.1.1
7.5.1.2
7.5.1.3
7.5.1.4
7.5.1.5
7.5.2
7.5.2.1
7.5.2.2
7.5.2.3
7.5.2.4
................................................................................................................... 7-13
............................................................................................................................................... 7-13
....................................................................................................................................................... 7-13
............................................................................................................................................... 7-13
....................................................................................................................................................... 7-13
....................................................................................................................................................... 7-13
....................................................................................................................................................... 7-14
............................................................................................................................................... 7-14
....................................................................................................................................................... 7-14
............................................................................................................................................... 7-14
....................................................................................................................................................... 7-14
....................................................................................................................................................... 7-14
7.6
7.6.1
7.6.2
7.6.3
7.6.4
................................................................................................................................................... 7-15
....................................................................................................................................................... 7-15
............................................................................................................................................... 7-15
....................................................................................................................................................... 7-15
....................................................................................................................................................... 7-15
7.7
7.7.1
7.7.2
7.7.3
7.7.4
7.7.5
............................................................................................................................................... 7-17
....................................................................................................................................................... 7-17
............................................................................................................................................... 7-17
........................................................................................................................................... 7-17
....................................................................................................................................................... 7-17
....................................................................................................................................................... 7-17
7.8
7.8.1
7.8.2
7.8.3
7.8.4
7.8.4.1
7.8.4.2
7.8.4.3
7.8.4.4
7.8.4.5
7.8.4.6
............................................................................................................................................... 7-19
....................................................................................................................................................... 7-19
............................................................................................................................................... 7-19
........................................................................................................................................... 7-19
....................................................................................................................................... 7-19
........................................................................................................................................... 7-19
............................................................................................................................................... 7-20
............................................................................................................................................... 7-20
............................................................................................................................................... 7-20
....................................................................................................................................... 7-20
............................................................................................................................................... 7-20
7.9
7.9.1
7.9.2
7.9.3
............................................................................................................................................... 7-21
....................................................................................................................................................... 7-21
....................................................................................................................................................... 7-21
........................................................................................................................................... 7-21
7.10
7.10.1
7.10.1.1
7.10.1.2
7.10.2
7.10.3
........................................................................................................................................... 7-22
....................................................................................................................................................... 7-22
....................................................................................................................................................... 7-22
....................................................................................................................................................... 7-22
............................................................................................................................................... 7-22
....................................................................................................................................................... 7-22
7.A
7.A.1
........................................................................................................................................... 7-23
....................................................................................................................................................... 7-23
IV 1
GL 2010
7
5
7.A.1.1 .............................................................................................................................................................. 7-23

7.A.2 ..................................................................................................................................................... 7-23
7.A.2.1 .................................................................................................................................................. 7-23
7.A.2.2 .............................................................................................................................................. 7-25
7.A.2.3 ...................................................................................................................................................... 7-25
7.A.2.4 .................................................................................................................................. 7-25
7.A.2.5 .............................................................................................................................. 7-25
7.A.2.6 .............................................................................................................................. 7-27
7.A.3 ......................................................................................................................................... 7-27
7.A.4 ......................................................................................................................................................... 7-27
7.A.5
7-27
7.A.5.1 .............................................................................................................................................................. 7-27
7.A.5.2 .............................................................................................................................................. 7-28
7.A.5.4 .................................................................................................................................. 7-30
7.A.5.5 ...................................................................................................................................................... 7-30
7.A.5.6 .......................................................................................................................................... 7-30
IV 1
GL 2010
7.1
7.1
7.1.1
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
/

/
7.4
(5)
7
7-1
(6)
5.A.5
5.A.5.2

(7)
(8)

IPE
(9)
(10)
(11)

7.1.2

5.3
3.3
7
7-2
7.2
7.2
7.2.1
(1)
(2)
(3)
7.2.2
7.1
a)
b)
c)
d)
7.2.4.1
e)
f)
IV 1
GL 2010
7.2.4.1
g)
7.2.3
(1)
4
(2)
(3)
(LDD)

(4)
4
(5)

90
(6)
KA = 1.0
7.2.4
7.2.4.1
(1)
ISO
6336:2006
(2)
ISO 6336-6:2006 LDD
ISO 6336-6:2006 A LDD

Palmgren-Miner 1
(3)
7.2.2
(4)
ISO 6336-5:2003
S/N
0.7 ISO 63363:2006 B
IV 1
GL 2010
7.2.1
7.2
(2)
7
7-3
SH
1.0
1.1
SF
1.15
1.25
(3)
24
(4)
7.2.2
7.2.4.5
SH
1.0
1.0
SF
1.1
1.2
(5)
DIN
743DIN 6892 DIN 7190
7.2.4.2
6.5
7.2.4.3
(1)
7.3
(2)
/
(3)
(1)
8.2.3 8.4.7 7.2.4.5 456 7
(2)
7.9
(3)
7.2.1 2
7.2.1 3
GL
(4)
-
600

GL
(5)
IEC 61800-6 IEC 60034-1
GL
(6)
GL
(7)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
7.2.4.4
(iv)
(1)
7
7-4
7.2
4.5.4.3 3
(LRF)
IV 1
GL 2010
IV 1
GL 2010
7.3
7.3
7.3.1
7
7-5
7.3.4
GL
(1)

7.2.3
7.8.3
7.3.2
(2)
4
4.B.2.3 9
ni Pi
7.3.1
a)
b)
c)
ISO 281:2007
(3)
ISO 281:2007
d)
7.3.3
7.3.3.1
GL
P= p
Pi p ni
N
(7.3.1)
Pi =
p=
10/3 3
ni = P i
N =
(4)
4 4.B
7.3.3.2
(1)
GL 3.3.1.2
(2)
3.3.1.2

ISO-V -20 C
3 27
70 %
GL
55 HRC
(5)
i Pi
ni Pi ni

(Pi,ni) Miner
(6)
(7)
7
7-6
7.3.5
7.3
7.3.5.2
7.3.5.1
(1)
ISO
76:2006 S0
2.0
(2)
(3)
1.1
(4)
ISO
76:2006 S0 1.1
(5)
GL
7.3.1
IV 1
GL 2010
(1)
ISO 281:2007 (L10)
ISO 281:2007 (L10m)
ISO/TS 16281:2008
(L10mr)
(2)
(3)
GL
ISO 281:2007
7.3.5.3
(1)
(2)
Miner
7.3.1
Miner
pmax (N/mm2)
1.300
1.650
1.500
1.650
- 20
IV 1
GL 2010
7.3
7.3.5.4
(1)
ISO 281:2007
ISO/TS 16281:2008
10 %
aISO 3.8
(2)
ISO 281:2007
130,000 ISO/TS 16281:2008
175,000
7
7-7
qi =
L10mr i =
(6)
ISO 281:2007
ISO/TS 16281:2008
ISO 4406:1999 -/17/14

-/21/18
(3)
ISO 281:2007
ISO 4406:1999
(4)
ISO/TS 16281:2008
ISO 4406:1999
(7)
GL
7.3.5.5
(5)
ISO/TS 16281:2008
Miner
10
7.3.6
(1)
(2)

ISO/TS 16281:2008
L10 mr
q
=
q
L
(7.3.2)
(3)
10 mr i
L10mr =
(4)
7
7-8
7.3
7.4
7.4.1
IV 1
GL 2010
(2)
GL

GL
7.4.2
7.4.4
(1)
(2)
7.4.2
(3)
(4)

7.4.11
7.4.3
7.4.3.1
7.4.4.1
(1)
(2)
4
7.4.4.2
(1)
(LDD)

(2)
LDD 4.B.2.3 9
5.3
ISO 6336-5:2003
MQ 3.3
7.4.3.2
7.4.4.3
(1)
ISO 683-11

7.4.4.4
(2)
7.4.6.1
7.4.3.3
7.4.3.3
(1)
GL
EN
10204:2005
3.3.1.2
7.4.4.2 LDD
7.4.5
7.4.5.1
(1)
ISO 63366:2006 LDD
ISO 6336-6:2006 A LDD

IV 1
GL 2010
7.4
7
7-9
Palmgren-Miner
1 ISO 6336-5:2003
7.4.1
7.4.5.2
(2)
ISO 63362/3:2006

7.4.1
(1)
KA
(3)
DIN 3990-4:1987 ISO/TR
13989:2000

ISO 14635-1:2000 FZG A/8.3/90
FZG

7.4.1
(4)
ISO/TR 15144-1:2010

7.4.1
(5)

(6)
ISO 6336-1:2006

(2)
ISO 6336-6:2006 LDD
7.4.4.2 KA
1.0
(3)
ISO 6336-6:2006 A LDD

KA
(4)
KA = 1.0
7.4.5.2.2 Kv
(1)
Kv
(2)
ISO 6336-1:2006 B
Kv Kv < 1.05
7.4.5.2.3 K
(1)
K
7.4.1
SH
7.4.5.2.1 KA
SF
SB
SintS
SA
(LDD)
1.2
1.5
1.2
1.0
1.4
LDD
1.5
(2)
7.4.3
(3)
7.4.3
GL

7.4.3 K
1.0
1.25 1.35 1.43
7
1.5
7
7-10
7.4
IV 1
GL 2010
7.4.2
kW
1/min
KA
KV
KH
KH
KF
KF
mn
mm
a0*
ha0*
hfP0
mm
pr
mm
mm
pr
da
mm
df
mm
mm
*
hFfP0
Bz0
mm
40 C
40
mm/s
100
100
mm/s
ISO
RaH
RaF
Fx
Oil
FZG
Hlim
N/mm
fpe
Flim
N/mm
ff
HV
HV
IV 1
GL 2010
7.4
7
7-11
7.4.5.2.4 KHKF KB
7.4.6
(1)
7.4.6.1
(2)
ISO 6336-1:2006 E

(1)
(2)
DIN 743:2005 DIN 6892:1998
DIN 7190:2001
7.4.6.2
(3)
(1)
5.3.3
KH < 1.15
(4)
7.4.5.2.5 KHKF KB
(1)
(2)
7.4.5.3 1
7.4.5.2.6
ISO 6336-2:2006 ZNT ISO 63363:2006 YNT NL = 1010 0.85
(2)
DIN 743:2005

S
Smin = 1.2
/
7.4.6.3
(1)
4
(2)
M 1.1
7.4.7
7.4.7.1
7.4.5.3
(1)
ISO 1328-1:1995
6
8
(2)
Ra 0.8 m
Ra 1.6 m
(3)
LDD
(4)
z1/z2 = 21/63
(5)
GL /
7.3
7.4.7.2
6.5
7.4.7.3
/ 5.3

7
7-12
7.4
7.4.7.4

7.4.8
(2)
(3)

(4)
7.4.11

7.4.2
9.4
(1)

(2)
1.2.2.4.310.1.2 1.2.2.7 10.7
(3)
(4)
GL

7.4.10
(1)
7.4.9
IV 1
GL 2010
(1)
(2)
2.3.2.17
IV 1
GL 2010
7.5
7.5
7.5.1
(4)
MBmin
MBmax 4.3.3
7.5.1.1
7.5.1.2
a)
b)
//
c)
d) 7.5.1.4
(5)
(MBminAusl/MBmax)
(6)

4.3
F
4.3 F
MBmax
(7)
MBmin
7.5.1.4.1 2
4.3
(8)
MBminAusl MBmin 1.1
MBminAusl
7.5.1.3
3.3
(9)
7.5.1.4
7.5.1.4.1
(1)
2.2.3.4.1 3
(2)
(3)
7.5.1
Range, considered
as input parameter
f
or the load
simulation
Operating
range of
Result of the
simulation
D
ynamic
magnification
(12)
(13)
2.3.2.11
(14)
MB max
/
5
(1)
Torque
M
MB min MB min Ausl
(10)
(11)
7.5.1.4.2
the brake
7.5.1
7
7-13
(2)
(3)
(4)
7
7-14
(5)
7.5
IV 1
GL 2010
4.3.3 DLC
8.1
4.3.3 DLC 8.2
7.5.1.5
(1)
(2)
2.2.2.13
(3)
4.5.4.3 3
(LRF)
7.5.2
7.5.2.1
2.3.3
7.5.2.2
a)
b)
7.5.2.4
7.5.2.3
3.3
7.5.2.4
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
IV 1
GL 2010
7.6
7.6
7.6.1
7
7-15
(4)
7.6.2
a)
b)
c)
1986 DIN 740 1 4.12
d)
e)
(5)
7.6.4
7.6.3
(6)
4
5
(7)
(8)
3.3
7.6.4
(1)

(2)
4
(3)
(9)
(10) 7.7
(11)
(12) GL
IV 1
GL 2010
7.7
7.7
7.7.1
7
7-17
(8)
7.7.2
a)
b)
c)
4.2.2
d) 7.7.4
7.7.3
7.7.4
(1)
(2)
5.3.2.1 5.3.3.2.2
5.3.1
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)

(7)
-20 C
+50 C -20 C+20 C +50 C
7.7.5
(1)
(2)
5.3 6.5
(3)
7
7-19
7.8
7.8
7.8.1
IV 1
GL 2010
7.8.3
(1)

(1)
4
(2)
(2)
(LDD)

4.3.4.1 10
(3)
(4)
(5)
7.8.2
(1)
7.1
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
7.8.4.1
(3)
4
7.8.4.2
(4)
KA = 1.0
(5)
4.3.3.1
10 %
7.8.4
7.8.4.1
(1)
ISO 6336:2006
(2)
ISO 6336-6:2006 LDD
ISO 6336-6:2006 A LDD

Palmgren-Miner
1
(3)
7.8.1 7.8.2
7
7-20
7.8
(4)
ISO 6336-5:2003
S/N 0.7
ISO 6336-3:2006
B
7.8.1
SH
1.0
1.1
SF
1.15
1.25
(1)
7.5
(2)
7.8.4.6
(3)
7.8.4.5
7.8.2
IV 1
GL 2010
(1)
SH
1.0
1.1
(2)
7.9
SF
1.1
1.2
(5)
DIN 743
DIN 6892 DIN 7190
(6)
7.1.1.4
7.8.4.2
6.5
7.8.4.3
(1)
7.3
(2)
/
(3)
7.8.4.4
(1)
4.5.4.3 3
(LRF)
IV 1
GL 2010
7.9
7.9
7.9.1
(1)
(2)
a) ISO 12192
b)
c)
d)
7
7-21
(3)
(4)
2.2.3.4
(5)
(6)

2.2.2.13 3
(7)
/
4.2
e)
f)
g)
4.2.2
7.9.2
(1)
(8)

(9)
(10)
(2)

(3)
7.9.3
(11)
(1)
ISO 4413DIN EN 982

(2)
(12)
(13)
7
7-22
7.10
IV 1
GL 2010
7.10
7.10.2
7.10.1
7.10.1.1
(1)

(2)
4.3.4.1

(1)
/
(2)
(3)

7.A
(4)
7.10.1.2
(1)
(2)

(3)
(4)
(5)
(5)
GL
(6)
n1 n3
2.2.2.6
(7)
7.A.2.3
(8)
7.A
7.10.3
(1)
(2)
(3)

7.A
(4)

(5)
(6)
IV 1
GL 2010
7.A 7.A
7.A
7.A.1
7-23
7.A.2
7.A.1.1
(1)
7.A.2.1
(2)
7.10
(3)
(1)

/
7.A.1
(2)
(3)

7.A.1
7
7-24
7.A
IV 1
GL 2010
7.A.1
IV 1
GL 2010
7.A
(4)
(DOF)
(DOF)
(5)
(DOF) 7.10.2
(6)
7.A.2.2
(1)
CAD

(2)
ISO 6336-1 B
(3)

(4)
(5)
7
7-25
7.A.2.3
(1)
7.A.2
(2)
(3)
(4)
7.A.1
7.A.2.4
(1)
(2)
(3)
7.A.2.5
(1)
7.10.2
(2)
(3)
7.A.1
7
7-26
7.A
IV 1
GL 2010
n3
nr
n1
7.A.1
IV 1
GL 2010
7.A
(4)

(5)
500 Hz
(6)
7
7-27
7.A.2.1
(2)
DLC
1.4DLC 1.5DLC 2.2DLC 9.2 4
7.A.5
7.A.2.6
7.A.5.1
(1)
5 %
(1)
(2)
(2)
MBS
(3)
7.A.3
(1)
2n
(FFT)
(2)
(4)

(5)
(6)
(7)

(3)

(8)
2.2.2.6
7.A.4
(9)
(1)
7.A.2
7
7-28
7.A
IV 1
GL 2010
7.A.2
f_N1, f_N2, f_N3,
f_E1, f_E2, f_E3,
1P2P3P6P
1P2P
f_ZLSS_0, f_ZLSS_1, ,
f_ZIMS_0, f_ZIMS_1, ,
f_ZHSS_0, f_ZHSS_1,
7.A.5.2
(1)

GL
(2)
(3)
7.A.2
IV 1
GL 2010
7.A
7
7-29
7.A.2
7
7-30
7.A
7.A.5.4
(6)
7.A.5.6
(2)
(3)
(1)
7.A.5.5
(1)
7.A.3
7.A.2

(2)

(> 20 %) /
(3)
(4)
(5)
(4)
IV 1
GL 2010
7.A
minimum
n1
operating
rated
nr
speed nr
Excitation frequencies of drive train f
Natural frequencies of Wind Turbine f
[Hz]
f N [Hz]
N [Hz]
f E [Hz]
speed n1
Rotor speed
[rpm]
[rpm]
7.A.3
Fig. 7.A.3 Campbell diagram
7
7-31
maximum
operating
n3
speed n3
IV
2010
IV 1
GL 2010
8
3
8.1
8.1.1
8.1.2
8.1.3
8.1.4
8.1.5
8.1.6
8.1.7
8.1.7.1
8.1.7.2
8.1.7.3
8.1.7.4
8.1.7.5
8.1.7.6
8.1.7.7
8.1.7.8
8.1.7.9
................................................................................................................................................. 8-1
......................................................................................................................................................... 8-1
......................................................................................................................................................... 8-1
......................................................................................................................................................... 8-1
..................................................................................................................................... 8-1
..................................................................................................................................... 8-1
................................................................................................................................................. 8-1
................................................................................................................................................. 8-2
......................................................................................................................................................... 8-2
................................................................................................................................................. 8-2
............................................................................................................................................. 8-2
..................................................................................................................................................... 8-2
......................................................................................................................................... 8-3
......................................................................................................................................... 8-3
...................................................................................................... 8-3
.................................................................................................................................. 8-3
................................................................................................................................................. 8-3
8.2
8.2.1
8.2.2
8.2.3
8.2.4
8.2.5
8.2.6
8.2.7
8.2.8
................................................................................................................................................. 8-4
......................................................................................................................................................... 8-4
......................................................................................................................................... 8-4
.................................................................................................................................. 8-4
......................................................................................................................................................... 8-4
............................................................................................................................................. 8-4
......................................................................................................................................................... 8-4
......................................................................................................................................... 8-5
............................................................................................................................................. 8-5
8.3
8.3.1
8.3.2
8.3.3
8.3.4
8.3.5
............................................................................................................................................. 8-7
......................................................................................................................................................... 8-7
......................................................................................................................................................... 8-7
......................................................................................................................................................... 8-7
..................................................................................................................................... 8-7
.................................................................................................................................. 8-8
8.4
8.4.1
8.4.2
8.4.3
8.4.4
8.4.5
8.4.6
8.4.7
..................................................................................................................................................... 8-9
......................................................................................................................................................... 8-9
...................................................................................................................... 8-9
............................................................................................................................................... 8-11
............................................................................................................................................... 8-12
................................................................................................................................... 8-12
............................................................................................................................ 8-13
............................................................................................ 8-13
8.5
8.5.1
8.5.2
8.5.3
8.5.4
....................................................................................................................................... 8-15
....................................................................................................................................................... 8-15
................................................................................................................................... 8-15
....................................................................................................................................................... 8-15
SF6 ........................................................................................................................................ 8-15
8.6
8.6.1
8.6.2
8.6.3
....................................................................................................................................... 8-17
....................................................................................................................................................... 8-17
............................................................................................................................................... 8-17
............................................................................................................................................... 8-17
8
4
IV 1
GL 2010
8.6.4
................................................................................................................ 8-17
8.7
8.7.1
8.7.2
8.7.2.1
8.7.2.2
8.7.2.3
8.7.2.4
8.7.2.5
8.7.2.6
8.7.2.7
8.7.3
8.7.3.1
8.7.3.2
8.7.3.3
8.7.3.4
8.7.3.5
8.7.4
8.7.4.1
8.7.4.2
8.7.4.3
8.7.4.4
8.7.5
8.7.5.1
8.7.5.2
8.7.5.3
8.7.6
8.7.7
................................................................................................... 8-18
....................................................................................................................................................... 8-18
....................................................................................................................................................... 8-18
....................................................................................................................................................... 8-18
....................................................................................................................................................... 8-18
....................................................................................................................................................... 8-18
................................................................................................................................................... 8-18
................................................................................................................................................... 8-18
............................................................................................................................................... 8-18
....................................................................................................................................................... 8-18
............................................................................................................................................... 8-18
....................................................................................................................................................... 8-18
....................................................................................................................................................... 8-19
................................................................................................................................................... 8-19
................................................................................................................................................... 8-19
................................................................................................................................... 8-19
................................................................................................................................................... 8-19
....................................................................................................................................................... 8-19
............................................................................................................................................... 8-19
....................................................................................................................................................... 8-19
....................................................................................................................................................... 8-19
............................................................................................................................................... 8-19
........................................................................................................................................... 8-19
....................................................................................................................................................... 8-19
....................................................................................................................................................... 8-19
........................................................................................................................ 8-20
2.1.4 ................................................................................................................... 8-20
8.8
8.8.1
8.8.2
8.8.3
8.8.4
............................................................................................................................... 8-21
....................................................................................................................................................... 8-21
.................................................................................................................... 8-21
A ............................................................................................................... 8-21
........................................................................................................................ 8-21
8.9
8.9.1
8.9.2
8.9.2.1
8.9.2.2
8.9.3
8.9.3.1
8.9.3.2
8.9.3.3
8.9.3.4
8.9.3.5
8.9.3.6
8.9.3.7
8.9.3.8
............................................................................................................................................... 8-23
....................................................................................................................................................... 8-23
....................................................................................................................................... 8-23
(LPL)..................................................................................................................................... 8-23
(LPZ)......................................................................................................................................... 8-23
........................................................................................................................................... 8-24
............................................................................................................................................... 8-24
....................................................................................................................................................... 8-25
................................................................................................................................................... 8-25
....................................................................................................................................................... 8-25
....................................................................................................................................................... 8-25
............................................................................................................................................... 8-26
............................................................................................................................................... 8-26
........................................................................................................................ 8-26
8.A
8.A
................................................................................................... 8-29
IV 1
GL 2010
8.1
8
8-1
8.1
8.1.1
8.1.5
//
8.1.2
(1)
4.2.5
4.3.3.9 2
2.1.4
8.1.3
(2)
(GCC)
(3)
/
1.A1 2
8.1.6
(1)
8.1.1
8.1.1
(1)
(2)
IEC 60364
(Electrical installations of buildings)
GL 8.7
(3)
IEC 60071 GL
5%
10 %
10 % (5 s)
20 % (1.5 s)
20 %
A
B
8.1.4
(1)
(2)
8.6
(2)
4.2.4
GL
(3)
DLC 9.2
8
8-2
8.1
(4)
8.1.4 1 2
(5)
EN
50160
(6)
100
IEC 62124
GL
8.1.7
IV 1
GL 2010
d) 8.2.2 7
e)
8.2.8 8.2.2 5 8.2.6

1
f)
g) 8.2.2 8
h) 8.2.5 2
i)
GL
ISO 281
8.1.7.1
a)
8.1.4 2
b) IEC 61082
2.1.2
1 j 8.7.3.1 8.8.1 5
c)
8.1.7.3
a)
SRP/CS
d)
b) 8.3.1 5 8.3.4 2 4
8.3.5 1
SRP/CS 8.7.7
c)
8.1.7.4
a)
8.1.7.2
a)
8.2.1
8.2.3
b) 7.2.4.5 45 7
8.2.2 9 8.2.3 1
8.2.6 1 8.2.7 2
8.2.2 5
8.3.2 2 3 8.3.3
8.3.4 3
8.4.1 4 8.4.2 1 4
6 10 20 8.4.7 2
4
b) 8.4.2 11
c)
8.4.4 4 8.4.5
d) 8.4.3 10
e)
c)
8.3.1 2 3
IEC 60076-1 (2000-04) 1
(Power transformers Part 1:
General)
8.3.4
8.4.1 4 8.4.2 31317

18 8.4.3 6 11
IV 1
GL 2010
f)
8.1
8.4.6
a)
g) 7.2.4.5 6
8.1.7.5
a)
8.5.1 2
8
8-3
8.9.2.2 1
SPD
b) 8.5.1 3
c)
8.5.3 4
8.1.7.6
a)
8.6.2
b) 8.6.3 3 4
c)
8.6.3 4
d)
b) 8.9.2.1 2 LPL <

I
8.1.7.7
c)
a)
8.1.7.9.2
8.7.1 5 8.7.4.4
IEC 60364-6 IEC 60439-1
a)
b) 8.7.5.3
c)
8.7.2.2 3 4
d) 8.7.2.2 5
e)
8.7.2.2 6
f)
8.7.7 3
8.8.3
8.1.7.9
8.1.7.9.1
8.9.3.1 1 9
8.9.3.5 2 8.9.3.7 2
b) 8.9.3.1 8
8.9.3.1 2
c)
8.9.3.9.3 6
8.1.7.9.3
a)
8.1.7.8
8.9.3.9.1 6
8.9.3.9.1 1
b) 8.9.3.9.1 2 SPD
8
8-4
8.2
8.2
8.2.1
(1)
IEC 60034 (Rotating

electrical machines)
(2)
IEC 60034-1 10.2
8.2.2
(1)
IEC
60034-1 S1
GL
(2)
2.2.2.7 1 Pr
S1 Pr
(M)
4 4.C
(9)
ISO
1940-1
8.2.3
(4)
(dU/dt)
(5)
8.4.2 18 8.4.5 7
(6)
(NDE)
(2)
(Mn)
(3)
(8)
(M)
IEC 6003416-3 1
7.2.4.5
(1)
(2)
8.2.5
(1)
50 kW
(2)
(3)
(7)
8.A
(1)
IEC 60034 1 (Rating and

Performance)
8.2.4
(3)
nmax 8.4.2 7
IV 1
GL 2010
8.2.6
(1)
4.C
IV 1
GL 2010
8.2
8
8-5
IEC 6003429
(2)
IEC
60034-1
(3)
IEC
60034-1 9.7
(3)
8.2.7
IEC
60034-1 18 GL
2.2.2.6 1 n3
2.2.2.6 6 nmax
8.2.2 3
IEC
60034-14
7.3
(1)
(2)
J 0.1 A/mm2
(3)
8.2.8
(1)
IEC 60034-1
(Rotating electrical machines)
(2)
(4)
IEC 60034-1 9.1
(5)
3 10
/
IV 1
GL 2010
8.3
8.3
8.3.1
(1)
100 kVA
(2)
IEC
60076
8
8-7
VDE 0101 GL
8.3.3
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
IEC 60076
8.3.4
(3)
IEC 60076
(1)
8.3.1 2 IEC
60076-11(Dry-type transformers)
(4)
(5)
8.3.1 2 IEC 61378-1

8.3.2
(3)
8.7.5.1
1
(4)
(2)
EIS
EIS /
EIS
(1)
(2)
8.3.2 1
GL
IP 55
2.3.2.17
(3)
IEC
60076-11 F1
(4)
IP 55
IP 55
EIS
EIS
8
8-8
8.3
EIS
8.3.5
IV 1
GL 2010
(1)
EIS /
IEC 60076-11 E2 C2
(2)
(3)
(4)
IV 1
GL 2010
8.4
8.4
8.4.1
(1)
IEC 62477-1
IEC 2010 1 22
22/168/CDV:2010 CDV IEC
(PSCS)
(2)
8.4.1 8.4.6
8.4.7
(3)
1000 V AC 1500 V DC
IEC 61800-4
(4)
EMC IEC
61800-3 EMC
EMC
GL
EMC
GL
(IPE)
(5)
4.5.4.3 3
(LRF)
(1)
IEC 62477-1 4.4.6.3
(protective earthing conductor)
GL IPE
IEC 62477-1 6.3.6.3
(protective earthing conductor current)
(2)
IEC 62477-1 4.4.6.2.2
(rating of protective bonding)
8
8-9
5.2.3.11
(protective
bonding tests, type test and routine test)
GL
IPE
(3)
IEC 62477-1 6.3.5
(power
conductor type, size, amount of cables etc.)
GL
GL IPE
(4)
8.4.1
(5)
IEC 60721
IEC 62477-1 4.9.1
(6)
IEC 62477-1
IEC 62477-1 4.4.7.1.5

(insulation voltages) 10
(7)
2.2.2.6 nmax
2.2.2.6 vin
8
8-10
8.4
(8)
IEC 62477-1
4.4.7.1.6.1
(9)
IEC 62477-1
OVC IV OVC
III
IV 1
GL 2010
(15)
(16)
2
IPE
8.4.2
(10) IEC 62477-1 4.4.7.4 IEC

62477-1 4.4.7.5
IEC 62477-1 4.4.7.5.1 IEC 60112 6.2

CTI
(PWB)
(11)
IEC 62477-1 4.4.7.8
GL
IPE
(12)
1 IPXXB
1
IPXXB
(13)
(14) IEC 62477-1 4.7.2.2

(coolant)
mm
mm2
10 16
25
35
50
70
95
120
150
185
240
300
350
400
450
40
50
65
125
150
180
205
255
305
305
355
355
455
455
125
150
180
205
255
305
305
405
405
485
485
180
190
205
230
280
330
380
455
510
560
610
(17)
(18)
8.4.5 7
8.2.8 1 2
IV 1
GL 2010
8.4
(19) (dU/dt)
8.4.5 8
(20)
IGBT 4
57HXY
ABM6H
IEC 62477-1 4.3.2.1

(Specification of prospective shortcircuit current, input ports)
8.4.3
(1)
8
8-11
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
8.7
(6)
8.4.3 1234 5
GL IPE
(7)
E DIN IEC 60364-5-53
5-53
(IEC 64/1486/CD:2005)(Low-voltage
electrical installations Part 5-53: Selection and
erection of electrical equipment Isolation, switching
and control (IEC 64/1486/CD:2005))
RCD RCM IEC

62477-1 H 4.4.8
(8)
5 IEC 62477-1
IEC 22/142/CD 2008 12 19
8 8
8.4.6 3
(9)
IEC 62477-1 4.5.1.2
5
20 J
8.4.6 3
8
8-12
8.4
(10) GL
8.4.3 8 9
IV 1
GL 2010
(4)
IPE
8.4.5
(1)
(11)
DLC 9.2 4.3.3.9 2
8.4.4
(1)
(2)
GL IPE
(3)
IEC 62477-1 5.2.3.11.3
IEC 62477-1 5.2.3.11.1.2
(2)
8.4.2 2
(3)
IEC 62477-1 4.4.6.4.2
(touch current in case
of failure of protective earthing conductor)
5.2.3.7
(touch current measurement)
(4)
IEC 62477-1
4.4.7.8.3.4
(compliance)5.2.3.2
(impulse voltage test)5.2.3.4
(A.C. or D.C. voltage test) 5.2.3.5
(partial discharge test) IPE
(5)
(6)
IEC
62477-1 5.2.7 5.2.4.9.4
(7)
IEC 62477-1 5.2.3.10
8.2.8 1 2
IV 1
GL 2010
8.4
IEC 62477-1 4.6.4.1 14

(maximum measured
total temperatures for internal materials and
components)
8.4.5 89
1011 8.4.2 18
(8)
8.4.2 19
(9)
(10)
IEC 61400-21 2 7.4

(Current
harmonics, interharmonics and higher frequency
components) 50
21
(11)
IEC 62477-1 4.9 5.2.6.4
8.4.6
8
8-13
(3)
8.4.3 8 9
ISO 7010-W001 IEC 62477-1 C

45 5
8.4.7
(1)
(2)
IEC 61800-1 8
(product information)
dV/dt (kV/s)
(3)
8.2.3
(4)
IEC 61800-2 8
(product information)
dV/dt (kV/s)
(1)
IEC 62477-1 6.3.7
6.5
(2)
IEC 62477-1 6
(5)
PSCS
7.2.4.5
IV 1
GL 2010
8.5
8.5
8.5.1
(1)
(2)
IEC
62271
IEC 62271
8.5.2 2
(3)
IEC 62271
8.5.2
8
8-15
(4)
8.5.3
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
8.5.4
(1)
(2)
IEC 62271 IAC
(3)
IAC
SF6
SF6
SF6
BGFE
BGV A8
BGI 753 GL
IV 1
GL 2010
8.6
8.6
8.6.1
8
8-17
GL
(1)
(2)
2.2.2.122.2.2.132.2.3.4.54.3.3.14.3.3.9
DLC 9.2
8.6.2
(5)
60 V
(1)
GL
8.6.4
(2)
GL
(3)
120 % GL
(4)
8.6.3
(1)
8.1.7.1 a)
4.2.4 4.3
(2)
2.2.3.4.5
(1)
IP 54
(2)
(3)
2.2.3.4.5
2.3.2.11
(3)
GL
(4)
(4)
8.7
8
8-18
8.7
8.7.1
(1) 1000 V AC
1500 V DC
(5)
(6)
(2)
IEC 60439-1
(Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear
assemblies)
(3)
(4)
(5)
IEC 60364-6
8.7.2
IV 1
GL 2010
8.7.2.3
8.7.2.4
(1)
(2)
In
8.7.2.5
8.7.2.1
8.7.2.6
8.7.2.2
32 A
(RCD)
(1)
8.7.2.7
(2)
(3)
(4)
EN 60909
- ip
-
(I k)
8.7.3
8.7.3.1
(1)
(2)
(3)
IV 1
GL 2010
8.7
8.7.3.2
8.7.3.3
8
8-19
IEC 60529
(3)
(1)
8.7.4.3
(2)
(1)
+45 C -5 C
(3)
8.7.3.4
(2)
315 A
8.7.3.5
(1)
1 kW
(2)
8.7.4
8.7.4.1
(1)
50 V
IEC 60439-1
GL
8.7.5
8.7.5.1
(1)
M4
(2)
(3)
(4)
(3)
8.7.4.2
(1)
IEC 60529
IP2X
(2)
8.7.4.4
(1)
(2)
(2)
4.2.4.1
(5)
8.7.5.2
(1)
(2)
IPX1
IPX2
IPX4
8.7.5.3
8
8-20
8.7.6
8.7
(1)
10 A
10 A
(2)
8.7.7
2.1.4
(1)
8.7.7 2.1.4 3
IV 1
GL 2010
GL SRP/CS
(2)
GL
(3)
8.7.7 2
A B
8.8
IV 1
GL 2010
8.8
8.8.1
8
8-21
8.8.3 A
(1)
a)
(2)
b)
IEC 60502
(3)
c)
(4)
(5)
8.1.7
8.8.2
(1)
2 3 IEC
VDE
(2)
IEC 60227 450 /

750 V (Polyvinyl
chloride insulated cables of rated voltages up to
and including 450 / 750 V)
IEC 60228 (Conductors of
insulated cables)
(3)
IEC 60502 1 kV (Um = 1.2 kV)

30 kV (Um = 36 kV)
(Power cables with extruded
insulation and their accessories for rated voltages
from 1 kV (Um = 1.2 kV) up to 30 kV (Um = 36
kV))
d)
IEC 60287
IEC 60364-5-52
e)
8.8.2
8.8.4
(1)
8.7.2
(2)
(3)
2.3.2.12
8.8.5
(1)
8
8-22
8.8
(2)
IV 1
GL 2010
(6)
(7)
(8)
(3)
(9)
(4)
(10)
(5)
8.8.3
IV 1
GL 2010
8.8
8.9
8.9.1
(1)
IEC
IEC 61400-24
24 (Wind turbine
generator systems Part 24: Lightning protection)
GL
IEC 61400-24
8.9.3.1 4
8.9.3.1 1
IEC 61400-24 8.2.3
8.9.3.1 2
(2)
8.9.2
8.9.2.1 (LPL)
(1)
I (LPL I)
IEC 62305-1 1
(Protection against lightning Part 1: General
principles) 5 6
(2)
IEC 61400-24
24 (Wind turbine generator
systems Part 24: Lightning protection) 7
LPL I
(2)
IEC 62305-4 4
(Protection against lightning Part
4: Electrical and electronic systems within structures)
4.2
LPZ
(3)
(SPD)
(4)
SPD
SPD
(5)
IEC 62305-4 4
(Protection against
lightning Part 4: Electrical and electronic systems
within structures) 4.2
(6)
LPZ 0A LPZ 0B
8.9.2.1 7
8.9.2.2 (LPZ)
IEC 62305-4 4
(1)
(Protection
against lightning Part 4: Electrical and electronic
systems within structures) 4 IEC
61400-24 24
(Wind turbine generator systems Part 24:
Lightning protection) E
8
8-23
8
8-24
8.9
LPZ 1
(7)
SPD
SPD
SPD
LPZ 1
SPD
SPD
(8)
LPZ 2
LPZ 1
8.9.3
8.9.3.1
IV 1
GL 2010
(3)
IEC 61400-24 24
(Wind turbine generator systems
Part 24: Lightning protection) 8.2.4.1
(4)
8.9.3.1
1
l < 20 m1
20 m l < 30 m1
1 1
30 m l < 45 m1
2 2
l 45 m1
3 3
(5)
IEC 61400-24
systems Part 24: Lightning protection) D.2
8.9.3.1 4
(1)
IEC 61400-24
systems Part 24: Lightning protection) 8.2.3
8.9.3.1
8 8.9.3.1 4
IEC 61400-24 8.2.3
(6)
IEC 61400-24 24
Part 24: Lightning protection) 8.2.4.2
(2)
IEC 61400-24
24 (Wind
turbine generator systems Part 24: Lightning
protection) 8.2.4.1 8.2.4.2
6.2.5.2 8 IEC TS 61400-23
50 mm
(7)
IEC 62305-3 3
(Protection against
lightning - Part 3: Physical damage to structures and
life hazard) 6
50 mm
2 mm
70 mm
1.7 mm
IV 1
GL 2010
8.8
(8)
IEC 61400-24 D
(9)
(10)
8.9.3.2
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
IEC 62305-3 3
(Protection against
lightning - Part 3: Physical damage to structures and
life hazard) 5.2
(5)
(6)
5
IEC 62305-3 3
(Protection
against lightning - Part 3: Physical damage to
structures and life hazard) 6.3 LPS
8.9.3.3
8
8-25
8.9.3.4
(1)
SPD
LPZ 1
(2)
IPE
(3)
LPZ 0B
(4)
IEC
62305-3 3
(Protection against lightning - Part 3:
Physical damage to structures and life hazard) 6
(5)
2 4
IEC 62305-3 3
(Protection against lightning Part 3: Physical damage to structures and life hazard)
6
(6)
(7)
3
8.9.3.5
(1)
(2)
(3)
8
8-26
8.9
IV 1
GL 2010
8.9.3.9.1
(1)
IEC 61643-1
1
(Low-voltage surge
protective devices Part 1: Surge protective
devices connected to low-voltage power
distribution systems Requirements and tests)
IEC 61643-21
21

(Low-voltage surge protective devicesPart 21: Surge protective devices connected to
telecommunications and signalling networks
Performance requirements and testing methods)
8.9.3.6
IEC 61400-24 24
Part 24: Lightning protection) 8.4.3
8.9.3.7
(1)
(2)
IEC 61400-24
24 (Wind
turbine generator systems Part 24: Lightning
protection) 8.4.5
8.9.3.8
(1)
(2)
(3)
8.9.3.9
(LEMP)
(2)
IEC 62305-4
4
(Protection against lightning Part 4: Electrical and
electronic systems within structures C
(3)
IEC 60099-1
1
(Surge arresters Part 1: Nonlinear resistor type gapped surge arresters for a.c.
systems)
IEC 60099-4
4
(Surge arresters Part 4:
Metal-oxide surge arresters without gaps for a.c.
systems)
(4)
(5)
IV 1
GL 2010
8.8
(6)
8
8-27
(3)
3
8.9.3.4 7
8.9.3.9.2
(1)
(2)
IEC 62305-3 3
(Protection against lightning - Part
3: Physical damage to structures and life hazard) 8
9
(3)
(4)
IEC 62305-3 3
(Protection against lightning - Part 3: Physical damage

to structures and life hazard) 5.4
(5)
8.9.3.9.3
(1)
(2)
IEC 62305-3 3
(Protection
against lightning - Part 3: Physical damage to
structures and life hazard) 5.4.2.2 B
80 %
(4)
IEC 62305-3 3
(Protection against lightning
Part 3: Physical damage to structures and life hazard)
7
(5)
(6)
GL
(7)
1
IEC 61400-24
systems Part 24: Lightning protection) 12
2
2
8.A
IV 1
GL 2010
8.A
8
8-29
(1)
(2)
Sn
kVA
Mn
kN
Un
fn
Hz
xl
p.u.
ra
p.u.
xd
p.u.
xd
p.u.
xd
p.u.
Td0
Td0
xq
p.u.
xq
p.u.
xq
p.u.
Tq0
Tq0
Ta = 2H
2 x
kWs / kVA
S(1.0)*
S(1.2)*
)*
8.A
8
8-30
(3)
Sn
kVA
Mn
kNm
Mk
kNm
sk
Un
fn
Hz
rs
p.u.
xs
p.u.
rr1
p.u.
xr1
p.u.
rr2
p.u.
xr2
p.u.
xm
p.u.
Hm
kWs/kVA
IV 1
GL 2010
IV
2010
IV 1
GL 2010
9
3
9.1
9.1.1
9.1.2
9.1.3
9.1.3.1
9.1.3.2
9.1.3.3
9.1.3.4
9.1.3.5
................................................................................................................................................. 9-1
............................................................................................................................................................ 9-1
........................................................................................................................................ 9-1
........................................................................................................................................ 9-1
........................................................................................................................................ 9-1
........................................................................................................................................ 9-1
............................................................................................................................................ 9-1
................................................................................................................................ 9-1
.................................................................................................................................... 9-2
9.2
9.2.1
9.2.2
9.2.3
9.2.3.1
9.2.3.2
9.2.3.3
9.2.3.4
9.2.3.5
9.2.3.6
................................................................................................................................................. 9-3
............................................................................................................................................................ 9-3
........................................................................................................................................ 9-3
........................................................................................................................................ 9-3
........................................................................................................................................ 9-3
................................................................................................................................................ 9-3
............................................................................................................................................ 9-3
................................................................................................................................ 9-4
................................................................................................................................ 9-4
.................................................................................................................................... 9-4
9.3
9.3.1
9.3.2
9.3.3
9.3.3.1
9.3.3.2
9.3.3.3
9.3.3.4
9.3.3.5
................................................................................................................................................. 9-5
............................................................................................................................................................ 9-5
........................................................................................................................................ 9-5
........................................................................................................................................ 9-5
........................................................................................................................................ 9-5
.................................................................................................................................................... 9-5
................................................................................................................................ 9-5
............................................................................................................................................ 9-5
.................................................................................................................................................... 9-6
9.4
9.4.1
9.4.2
9.4.3
9.4.3.1
9.4.3.2
9.4.3.3
9.4.3.4
9.4.3.5
................................................................................................................................................. 9-7
............................................................................................................................................................ 9-7
........................................................................................................................................ 9-7
........................................................................................................................................ 9-7
........................................................................................................................................ 9-7
........................................................................................................................................ 9-7
............................................................................................................................................ 9-8
................................................................................................................................ 9-8
.................................................................................................................................... 9-8
IV 1
GL 2010
9.1
9.1
9.1.1
9
9-1
(1)
(2)
9.1.3.2
(3)
6.7.2
(4)
9.1.2
(1)
(2)
(3)
IEC 62079
5.9.3
9.1.3
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
9.1.3.1
9.1.3.2
9.1.3.3
9.1.3.4
9.1.3.5
9.1.3.3
(1)
(2)
(3)
6.5.1 b
(4)
(5)
9.1.3.1
9.1.3.4
(1)
9
9-2
9.1
(2)
(3)
(2)
(3)
(4)
9.1.3.1
1.1.1 5
IV 1
GL 2010
9.1.3.5
(1)
IV 1
GL 2010
9.2
9.2
9
9-3
(1)
(2)
9.2.3.2
9.2.1
(3)
(1)
(2)
(3)
IEC 62079 5.9.4
(2)
9.2.2
(1)
9.2.3.3
9.2.3
9.2.3.1
9.2.3.2
9.2.3.3
9.2.3.4
9.2.3.5
9.2.3.6
9.2.3.1
(1)
(2)
/
(3)
9
9-4
9.2
(4)
(5)
IV 1
9.2.3.6
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
9.2.3.1
9.2.3.5
(1)
9.2.3.2
9.2.3.3
9.2.3.4
9.2.3.4
(2)
(3)
(4)
1.1.1 5
IV 1
GL 2010
9.3
9.3
9.3.1
(2)
(2)
9.3.2
(2)
(3)
IEC 62079 5.10

9.3.3
9.3.3.2
(1)
9
9-5
9.3.3.3
9.3.3.1
9.3.3.2
9.3.3.3
9.3.3.4
9.3.3.5
(1)
(2)
(3)
9.3.3.1
1.1.1 5
9.3.3.4
9
9-6
9.3
IV 1
GL 2010
9.3.3.3
9.3.3.5
9.3.3.1
9
GL 2010
9.4
9.4
9.4.1
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
IV 1
9-7
9.4.3.2
9.4.3.3
9.4.3.4
9.4.3.5
9.4.3.1
(1)
(2)
9.4.3.2
9.4.2
(3)
IEC 62079 5.11 5.14
9.4.3
9.4.3.1
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
9
9-8
9.4
9.4.3.3
(1)
IV 1
GL 2010
1.1.1 5
(2)
9.4.3.5
(3)
6.5.3
(1)
(4)
(5)
/
(6)
(2)
(3)
(4)
9.4.3.1
(7)
9.4.3.4
(1)
9.4.3.3
(2)
(3)
(4)
IV
10
2010
IV 1
GL 2010
10
3
10.1
....................................................................................................................................................... 10-1
10.1.1
.................................................................................................................................................. 10-1
10.1.1.1
.............................................................................................................................................. 10-1
10.1.1.2
...................................................................................................................... 10-1
10.1.2
.......................................................................................................................... 10-1
10.2
............................................................................................................................................... 10-3
10.3
............................................................................................................................................... 10-4
10.4
............................................................................................................................................... 10-5
10.5
10.5.1
10.5.2
10.5.3
10.5.4
10.5.5
10.5.6
10.5.7
10.5.8
10.6
....................................................................................................................................... 10-7
.......................................................................................................................................................... 10-7
.................................................................................................................................................. 10-7
.......................................................................................................................................... 10-7
.......................................................................................................................................... 10-8
.......................................................................................................................................... 10-9
........................................................................................................................................ 10-10
........................................................................................................................................ 10-11
............................................................................................................................ 10-11
............................................................................................................................................. 10-13
10.7
10.7.1
10.7.2
10.7.3
10.7.4
............................................................................................................................. 10-15
........................................................................................................................................................ 10-15
.................................................................................................... 10-15
........................................................................................................ 10-15
............................................................................................................................ 10-17
10.8
10.8.1
10.8.2
10.8.3
......................................................................................................................................... 10-18
........................................................................................................................................................ 10-18
................................................................................................................................................ 10-18
............................................................................................................................ 10-18
IV 1
GL 2010
10.1
10
10-1
10.1
10.1.1
10.1.2
10.1.1.1
(1)
10.2 10.7
GL
(2)
GL
(3)
10.2 10.6 10.7.3
GL
10.5
10.6 10.7.3
(4)
10.7.3
(5)
10.1.1.2
(1)
D C
2
(2)
6.2.5
A
GL
GL
(3)
10.7
A 10.7.1
B 10.7.1
(4)
A
8.2.2 5 8.2.6
1 8.4.5 7 8.2.8
1 5
-
THD
-
(1)
10.2 10.6 10.7.3
GL
(2)
IEC 60721-3-33M4
10
10-2
10.1
(5)
8.3
A
(6)
A 8.4.5
8.4.5 11
IV 1
GL 2010
(7)
A C
8.5
-
A
(8)
8.9.3.1 1
9
10.1.2 2
(9)
10.8
A
(10) 4.5.4.3 4.5.4.4
(LRF)
A 4.5.4.3 5
IV 1
GL 2010
10.3
10
10-3
10.2
(1)
IEC 61400-12-1
12 (IEC 61400-12-1
Wind turbine generator systems Part 12: Wind
turbine power performance testing) DIN EN
61400-12-1
(2)
GL
(3)
(4)
GL
(5)
10.1.1.1 5 GL
10
10-4
10.1
IV 1
GL 2010
10.3
(1)
IEC 61400-11
11 (IEC 61400-11 Wind
turbine generator systems Part 11: Acoustic noise
measurement techniques) DIN EN 61400-11
(2)
GL
(3)
GL
//
(4)
GL
IV 1
GL 2010
10.4
10
10-5
10.4
(1)
IEC 61400-21
21
(IEC 61400-21 Wind turbine generator systems
Part 21: Measurement and assessment of power
quality characteristics of grid connected wind
turbines) 2
IEC 6.5 6.9
(4)
GL
(5)
GL
(2)
GL
(3)
DLC 9.2 4.3.3.9

2
IV 1
GL 2010
10.5
10
10-7
10.5
10.5.1
(1)
(7)
10.1.1.1
5 GL
10.5.2
(2)
GL
10.5.3
10.5.4
10.5.5
10.5.6
10.5.7
-
(3)
10.6
(4)
IEC
TS 61 400 13 13
(IEC TS 61 400 13 Wind turbine
generator systems Part 13: Measurement of
mechanical loads)
10.5.3
(1)
10.5.8
(5)
10.1.1
(6)
GL
(2)
10.5.1
10
10-8
10.5
10.5.1
10.5.
3.1
nA
10.5.
3.2
< Vr 80 %
Vr 80 %
10.5.4
(1)
IV 1
GL 2010
10.5.8
(2)
(3)
10.5.2
10.5.2
< Vr 80 %
Vr 80 %
2 4)
10.5.
4.1
10.5.
4.2
10.5.
4.3
II
1), 4)
IV 1
GL 2010
10.5
10
10-9
10.5.2
< Vr 80 %
Vr 80 %
10.5.
4.4
10.5.
4.5
2)
3)
1)
2)
2.1.3
3)
4)
GL Vr 80 %
10.5.5
10.5.8
(1)
(2)
10.5.3
10.5.3
< Vr
Vr
10.5.5.1
10.5.5.2
4.5.4.3 4.5.4.4 (LRF)
10
10-10
10.5
IV 1
GL 2010
10.5.6
(1)
10.5.8
(2)
(3)
10.5.4
10.5.4
< Vr 80 %
Vr 80 %
10.5.6.1
10.5.6.2
10.5.6.3
10.5.6.4
10.5.6.5
1)
1)
2
/
-
IV 1
GL 2010
10.5
10.5.8
10.5.7
(1)
(2)
10
10-11
(1)
10.5.5
(3)
(2)
//
10.5.5
10.5.7.1
10.5.7.2
10.5.7.3
XK 1),2)
YK 1),2)
1)
2) 4.A 4.A.5 XK YK
XK 2)
YK 2)
IV 1
GL 2010
10.6
10
10-13
10.6
(1)
IEC TS 61 400 13
13 (IEC TS 61 400 13
Wind turbine generator systems Part 13:
Measurement of mechanical loads)
(2)
GL
(3)
GL IEC TS 6140013
(9)
(10) (DLC 1.1)

IEC TS 61400-13
DLC 1.1 IEC TS 61400-13
(LDD) LDD
(4)
IEC TS 61400-13
IEC TS 61400-13 3
(11)
DLC 1.1
10.5
2m/s
(5)
IEC TS 61400-13
(6)
IEC TS 61400-13 GL
4 5
GL
(7)
(8)
(12)
(13) 4
(14)
GL
//
IV 1
GL 2010
10.7
10
10-15
10.7
-
Kv K
10.7.1
(1)
(2)
GL
(3)
A
GL
GL
(4)
7.4
B
(5)
GL
(6)
GL
10.7.3
GL
GL
10.7.2
7.3.5.4 6
IV 1
GL 2010
10.7
GL
GL
10
10-17
10.7.4
GL
IV 1
GL 2010
10.8
10
10-18
10.8
10.8.1
(1)
9.2
(2)
GL
GL
10.8.3
8.7.3.3 2 8.7.3.1 2
(3)
GL
(4)
A
10.8.2
(1)
10.8.1 2
(2)
1.2.2.4
/
(3)
(4)
2.2.3.3 8
IV
11
2010
IV 1
GL 2010
11
3
11.1
11.1.1
11.1.1.1
11.1.1.2
11.1.2
11.1.2.1
11.1.2.2
11.1.2.3
11.1.2.4
........................................................................................................................................... 11-1
....................................................................................................................................................... 11-1
................................................................................................................................... 11-1
................................................................................................................................... 11-1
........................................................................................................................................... 11-1
................................................................................................................................... 11-1
............................................................................................................................................... 11-1
................................................................................................................................... 11-1
................................................................................................................................... 11-1
11.2
11.2.1
11.2.2
11.2.3
11.2.3.1
11.2.3.2
........................................................................................................................... 11-3
................................................................................................................................................... 11-3
....................................................................................................................................................... 11-3
....................................................................................................................................................... 11-3
....................................................................................................................................................... 11-3
............................................................................................................................ 11-3
IV 1
GL 2010
11.1
11
11-1
11.1
11.1.1
11.1.1.1
(1)
GL
(2)
(3)
(4)
11.1.1.2
(1)
GL
(2)
11.1.2.4
(2)
11.1.2
11.1.2.1
11.1.2.2
GL
11.1.2.3
(1)
(1)
(2)
11.1.1
11
11-2
11.1
IV 1
GL 2010
11.1.1
-
[
]
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- IEC 60364-6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- IEC 61400-24
SPD
-
-
-
IV 1
GL 2010
11.2
11
11-3
11.2
11.2.1
(1)
GL
GL Industrial Services GmbH
Brooktorkai 18
20457 Hamburg
Germany
+49 40 36149-707
+49 40 36149-1720
GL Garrad Hassan
WINDTEST Kaiser-Wilhelm-Koog GmbH
Brooktorkai 18
20457 Hamburg
Germany
+49 40 36149-702
+49 40 36149-5920
11.2.3
GL Garrad Hassan
WINDTEST Kaiser-Wilhelm-Koog GmbH
Sommerdeich 14 b
25709 Kaiser-Wilhelm-Koog
Germany
+49 4856 901-0
+49 4856 901-49
WIND-consult GmbH
Reuterstrasse 9
18211 Rostock-Bargeshagen
Germany
+49 38203 507-25
+49 38203 507- 23
(2)
(3)
11.2.2
(1)
(2)
(3)
11.2.3.1
(1) 11.2.2
(2)
(3)
11.2.3.2
(1)
(2)
(3) 11.2.3.1
IV 1
GL 2010
[1.1]
IEC 61400-2 2 2 2006 3
[1.2]
GL 065 (TN 65) (GCC)

Germanischer Lloyd
[1.3]
GL 066 (TN 66) (GCC)

(LVRT)Germanischer Lloyd
[1.4]
GL 067 (TN 67)

Germanischer Lloyd
[1.5]
GL Germanischer Lloyd
[1.6]
GL Germanischer Lloyd
[3.1]
Germanischer Lloyd II 2 1
[3.2]
Germanischer Lloyd II 3 1 -
2 2008GL II-3-3
1 F
[3.3]
Germanischer Lloyd II 1 2
3
[3.4]
DEUTSCHER AUSSCHUSS FR STAHLBETON, DAfStb-Richtlinie Herstellung und Verwendung von

zementgebundenem Vergussbeton und Vergussmrtel, Ausgabe Juni 2006 [DAfStb
2006 6 ]
[4.1]
IEC 61400-1 1 2 1999 2
[4.2]
Richtlinie fr Windenergieanlagen; Einwirkungen und Standsicherheitsnachweise fr Turm und Grndung

[], DIBt Deutsches Institut fr Bautechnik [
]2004 3
[4.3]
M-Liste der TechnBaubestimmungenAnlage 2.7/10 5
[4.4]
IEC 61400-1 3 2005 1 2005 8
[4.5]
IEC 61400-1/A12008 IEC 61400-1 3 2005 2008 7
[4.6]
IEC 61400-1:2005 Germanischer Lloyd
[4.7]
DIN EN 61400-1 Windenergieanlagen Teil 1:Auslegungsanforderungen (IEC 61400-1:2005); Deutsche

Fassung EN 61400-1:2005, Juli 2006
[4.8]
ESDU 85020ESDU International
[4.9]
Gumbel, E.J. 1958 73
[4.10] Cheng P W.
2002
[4.11]
Pandey M D, Sutherland H J. AIAA2003-08662003
IV 1
GL 2010
[4.12] Moriarty P JHolley W EButterfield C P

AIAA-2002-00502002
[4.13] Palutikof J PBrabson B BKister D HAdcock S T
(1999)6:119-132
[4.14] DIN EN 1998Eurocode 8
[4.15] (API) PR 2A 2.3.6
2000
[4.16] GL 067Germanischer Lloyd
[4.17] S. Frandsen (2007)Ris-R1188(EN)
[4.18] IIDLWF II Joule JOU2-CT92-0094
[4.19] ESDU 0108ESDU
International 2001 2002
[4.20] IEC 61400-12-1 12-1
[4.21] MEASNET 12009 11
[5.1]
DIN EN 1993Eurocode 3
[5.2]
E. HaibachBetriebsfestigkeit []VDI-Verlag 3 2006
[5.3]
A. Hobbacher (IIW)Doc. IIW-1823-07 ex XIII-2151r407/XV-1254r4-072008
[5.4]
DubbelTaschenbuch fr den Maschinenbau [] 22 Springer Verlag

2007
[5.5 a] Comite Euro-International du BetonCEB-FIP 19901993

[5.5 b] Deutscher Ausschuss fr Stahlbeton Heft 439, Ermdungsfestigkeit von
Stahlbeton- und Spannbetonbauteilen mit Erluterungen zu den Nachweisen gem CEB-FIP Model Code
1990 [ 439 CEB-FIP 1990
], Beuth Verlag1994
[5.6]
Alfred PuckFestigkeitsanalyse von Faser-Matrix-Laminaten, Modelle fr die Praxis [

]HauserMunich & Vienna1996
[5.7]
Ri-EDV-AP-2001, Richtlinie fr das Aufstellen und Prfen EDV-untersttzer Standsicherheitsnachweise,

Bundesvereinigung der Prfingenieure fr Bautechnik e.V. [
]
[6.1]
VDI 2230 1 2003 02
[6.2]
Zur Bemessung geschraubter Ringflanschverbindungen von Windenergieanlagen, Schriftenreihe des Instituts

fr Stahlbau (Heft 20), Dissertation Uni Hannover 2001, M. Seidel

Guideline For The Certification of Wind Turbines Edition 2010 (Chinese)

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IV

Germanischer Lloyd Industrial Services GmbH

IEC and CENELEC .................................................................................................................... 1-33

(FRP) ....................................................................................................... 5-19

S/N ....................................................................................................................... 5-39

(Condition of the serviceability)

(Carbon Fibre Reinforced Plastic)

(Development Accompanying Assessment)

(Design Load Case)

(Extreme Coherent gust with Direction

(Extreme Direction Change)

(Extreme Operating Gust)

(Extreme Wind speed Model)

(Extreme Wind Shear)

(Finite Element Method)

(Fibre Reinforced Plastic)

(Glass Fibre Reinforced Plastic)

(Germanischer Lloyd Industrial Services GmbH,

(Normal and extreme)

(Normal Turbulence Model)

(Normal Wind Profile)

SS (Wind turbine class S)

(Small Wind Turbines)

(Transport, erection and

(Ultimate limit state)

1.B ....................................................................................................................................... 1-17

IEC CENELEC ...................................................................................................................... 1-31

(2) Germanischer Lloyd

(3) 2004 2003 GL

GL 065 (TN 65)

GL 066 (TN 66)

GL 067 (TN 67)

test of the gearbox at

Assessment of the design

- Protopype tests electrical

- Electrical installations and lightning protection

- Tower (and foundation)

For items still outstanding:

(3) ISO 2394(ISO 2394

(3) 5.3 5.4 5.5

type certificaat Raad voor de

CSA 1.2 2008 1

IEC WT01 IEC 61400-22

(SAC) IEC TC88

(3) IEC 61400-1:2005

(Electric Utility Law)

1.G.2.1 (Denki Jigyou Hou)

(Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency)

1.G.2.2 (Kenchiku Kijun Hou)

(SWT) IEC 61400-2

1.I IEC CENELEC

IEC TS 61400-13 (Measurement of

(Measurement and Assessment

(Measurement and Assessment

DIN EN 61400-1 (Design requirements)

1.I IEC CENELEC

DIN IEC 61400-24 (Lightning Protection)

(Declaration of sound power level

ISO 13849 1 : 2006

ISO 13850IEC 60204-1IEC 60947-55

Short circuit in the electrical power system

Emergency stop button

( " 0.2 ")