Doko - VN 1793849 Giao Trinh Duoc Lieu

Gio trnh dc liu
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lN 1 dc liu. %6n" th0i c-n c5 mt t2, sch nh9
khc. k! nhiMu %n thuc c5 "i tr/3 RAn rn" %c coi l n"0i sn" l2, r) n"hM thuc CA nhiMu lIc. thuc n)m. thuc bec b/ coi khinh. U*m th0n"3 Vch 1M dc liu h&u nh rOt bt3 4hn" tron" nh8n d8n. 1ic d'n" thuc n)m thuc bec 1dn %c tbn nhim lu tru Mn3 4" n) . ,hn" ch8m kGt h, Cn" :8 %c %M c)o3 KM mnt c sX 12t chOt. thiGt b/ hin %Pi %c tJn" c0n" %L %) kho) hc ti!n tiGn 1o 1ic n"hi!n c#u 1 sE dFn" cc n"u6n %c liu ,hon" ,hI cH) n<c t)3 4hiMu c Du)n n"hi!n c#u 1 "in" dP 1M Dc liu U8 d@n" 1 ,ht triLn nh Kin n"hi!n c#u hc cB tru Mn. Kin Dc liu. :r0n" CPi hc Dc kho)333 4hiMu sch 1iGt 1M Dc liu Kit 4)m %A UuOt bn 1 c5 "i tr/ khn" X tron" n<c. m c cc n<c tr!n thG "i<i cTn" %nh "i c)o3 ] sch l4h$n" c8 thuc 1 1/ thuc Kit 4)mm cH) :iGn sv C| :Ot Ri %A %c coi l mt tron" h 1i!n n"c DuN cH) thG "i<i. tron" d/, triLn lAm sch Duc tG tr<c %8 3 khIn" ti %A th7) hXn" cc "i tr/ cH) cc t2, sch n5i tr!n. kGt h, 1<i kinh n"him nh8n d8n su tm %c. 1<i cc th@c n"him kho) hc cH) cn b n"nh chJn nui thI tron" c n<c. %L 1iGt n!n t2, bi "in" n 3 t!n "i cc 1/ thuc khIn" t) %A biGt 1ic tm r) n"u !n liu %&u d'n" lm thuc "6m: c8 . %n" 12t 1 khon" 12t l c mt Du trnh l8u di. n5 son" son" t6n tPi c'n" 1<i l/ch sE ,ht triLn cH) loi n"0i3 Roi n"0i ,hi tri Du) rOt nhiMu cn" trnh n"hi!n c#u kL c thnh cn" 1 thOt bPi m<i rIt r) %c cc kho tn" kinh n"him 1 c'n" DuN bu tron" 1ic %iMu tr). sE dFn" thuc3 inh n"him n" cn" %c tbch luz nhiMu th*o t7n" d-n" h. %nc bit l cc bi thuc "i) tru Mn (do tr<c %8 ,hn" tin "i)o lu. tr)o %Bi kh5. n"n t7 bt. sE dFn" thuc cTn" "in" nh mi mnt cH) cuc sn" hn" n" th*o kiLu t@ cun" t@ cO,+3 Do 12 t!n "i cH) cc 1/ thuc th0n" rOt
khc nh)u3 :h@c tG %A "n, mt c8 thuc nhn" c5 rOt nhiMu t!n h) n"c lPi mt t!n nhn" %c %nt cho nhiMu c8 khc nh)u3 St ,h&n cTn" c-n do mt s 1/ thuc lPi c5 nhiMu cn" dFn" khc nh)u3 4!n n"0i %nt t!n thuc lPi d@) 1o cn" dFn" cH) 1/ thuc %c sE dFn" l&n %&u3 Kic %nt t!n cc 1/ thuc 1 %n thuc %c d@) tr!n cc n"u !n tec s)u %8 g3x kJn c# 1o cn" dFn" 1/ thuc m %nt t!n :ho Du Gt minh l c8 c5 hPt. un" 1o s sn" met r) (Du Gt minh tE+3 bch mdu: l 1/ thuc c5 bch cho n"0i m3 jh-n" ,hon" l 1/ thuc c5 tc dFn" ch$) cm "i5. %)u %&u. ch5n" mnt nh#c cc kh<, Un" `3x kJn c# 1o mu sec cH) 1/ thuc aon" li!n: 1/ thuc c5 m&u 1n" r c8 mc li!n tiG,3 aon" %_n": K/ thuc n c5 mu 1n"3 au Mn s8m: th# s8m c5 m&u %*n3 a6n" ho): 1/ thuc l mt th# ho) c5 m&u h6n"3 s3x kJn c# 1o hnh dPn" 4"u tOt: 4"u l :r8u. tOt l "i x 1/ thuc c5 th8n c8 ni cnh mc b/ ,hnh to r) "in" %&u "i con tr8u3 ku tbch ("c r c8 ln" cu li+ x cu l ch5. tbch l ci ln"3 ku tbch 1/ thuc trn" "in" ln" ch53 r %&u x r l con DuP3 K/ thuc trn" "in" %&u con DuP3 ^3x kJn c# 1o m'i 1/ cH) thuc Cinh hn": 1/ thuc "in" ci %inh c5 m'i thm3 a6i hn": 1/ thuc thm nh h6i3k)m tho: c)m n"t. tho c9. g loPi c9 c5 1/ n"t3 hB s8m Q 1/ thuc "in" s8m nhn" c5 1/ %en"3 hB Du m<, %en"333 q3x kJn c# 1o %/) ,hn" sn UuOt V8m ] chbnh x Vn UuOt X hu n ] :rPch Q iun" ]nh3 ]) %2u: Vn UuOt X ]) :hFc (:run" iuc "in" nh hPt %2u+3 h3x kJn c# 1o cch sn" m %nt ]n hP: 1/ thuc thu cH 1o "i$) m') hP3 aP kh tho: 1/ thuc %Gn m') hP th
kh hWo3 4hdn %n": c8 ch/u %c Du) m') %n" 1n U)nh tt (kim n"8n+. h) t)n" kN sinh333 o3x kJn c# 1o nh$n" %iLn tbch. t!n n"0i d'n" C| trn": K/ thuc %c d'n" %&u ti!n do n"0i c5 h C| t!n :rn"3 a thH : a h a. thH C&u. DuP3 rn" lAo h a t5c %A b/ bPc d'n" thuc n %&u trX thnh %*n nh %&u DuP3 V# Du8n tE: chbnh l V# iu8n :E mt 1/ s# Du8n h iuch chu !n d'n" thuc n ch$) bnh cho tr *m b/ c)m tbch do "iun sn3 Do %5 %nt t!n l hPt cH) n" s# Du8n V# Du8n tE (tE hPt+3 =3x kJn c# 1o b ,h2n d'n" kh mt b ,h2n cH) c8 h) con %c d'n" lm thuc: t)n" di, (l c8 d8u+Z kIc ho) (ho) cIc+. hB ct (Un" hB+. 4iGt "i, (m)i b) b)+. ct cJn (cH sen d8 +333 y3 kJn c# 1o t!n n"oPi Duc m ,hi!n 8m r) YctiU: ,hi!n 8m t7 tiGn" jh, Yrtich)nt3 S)n x % x l) x ho) tiGn" On C x c8 c5 mu snc s}3 45 chbnh l c8 c %c dc k5 khi c'n" 1/ thuc nhn" 1 ni sn UuOt c5 tiGn" l tt. n"0i t) th!m ni sn UuOt3 Kb dF : \u !n aon" li!n (aon" li!n cH) tnh :# \u !n+3 nhn" nhiMu khi tron" c'n" mt t!n thuc. th!m t!n %/) ,hn" 1o. tXn" l c'n" mt loPi nhn" th@c r) l h)i c8 khc nh)u3 \u !n bi mdu ch$) ho l)o. ho kh)n. c-n :riGt bi mdu l ch#) ho cm. ho "i53 RPi cTn" c5 1/ thuc th!m ch$ n)m ( h) ch$ thB + 1o th lPi l mt 1/ thuc hon ton khc3Kb dF: 4)m hon" li!n c5 khi l c8 hon" %_n" c5 khi l c8 th)linctrum3 k)m tho n)m l c8 sco,)ri) dulsis h) c8 Ybrus jr*c)torius3 tron" khi c)m tho bec l c8 Gl c rrhi) cor)l*nsb h) Gl c rrhi) "l)br)3 K2 1M 1ic "i t!n. n!u mt s n"u !n tc chun" tr!n %8 %L chun" t) th)m kho3 4!n "i th*o Kit n)m l tt nhOt3 4hn" m|i ni lPi "i m|i khc3 Do %5 s "n, kh5 khJn khi n"hi!n c#u 1 sE dFn"3 K 12 %i 1<i m|i c8 thuc chIn" t) thn" nhOt nh s)u: x kc t!n th0n" d'n" X Kit 4)m3
x :!n cH) s n<c tr!n thG "i<i c53 x :!n kho) hc (c t!n c8 1 h th@c 12t h) chi 1 b cH) %n" 12t+x 1iGt t!n R) tinh. ,hi "hi c t!n n"0i ,h8n loPi 1 c5 thL m|i tc "i ,h8n loPi mt khc3 n"u6n "c cH) thuc3 Kic d'n" thuc tron" d8n "i)n %A c5 t7 rOt l8u3 :7 th0i n"u !n thup. tB ti!n t) khi tm kiGm th#c Jn %A Jn ,hi c8 %c "8 ti!u ch . nn mE) h) chGt n"0i. d&n d&n loi n"0i %A biGt ,h8n loPi c8 %c 1<i c8 lm th#c Jn3 kinh n"him tbch luz d&n. loi n"0i khn" nh$n" biGt li dFn" c8 %L lm th#c Jn m c-n biGt sE dFn" c8 lm thuc ,h-n" tr/ bnh 1 nh$n" c8 %c d'n" tron" sJn ben h) chn" "inc n"oPi b)n"3 4h 18 1ic ,ht minh r) c8 thuc %A c5 t7 th0i thn" cB khi %Ou tr)nh 1<i thi!n nhi!n. tm th#c Jn m c53 4"u6n "c %L tm r) th#c Jn. thuc 1 c8 %c %Mu "in" nh)u3 Kit 4)m t6n tPi ` dPn" n"0i lm thuc x :huc n)m "i) tru Mn: :r/ bnh th*o kinh n"him ch) tru Mn con ni %L t6n tPi 1 ,ht hu . loPi n khn" h) bt biGt lN lu2n kho) hc t6n tPi X cc 1'n" d8n tc bt n"0i3 x RoPi cTn" d'n" thuc nhn" c5 hiLu biGt 1M th/. %c hc 1 %o tPo n"hi!m chnh3 KM n"u6n "c dc liu: tPm th0i ,h8n chi) thnh ` loPi RoPi g: Dc liu c5 n"u6n "c thi!n nhi!n x hon ton d@) 1o thi!n nhi!n m kh)i thc kL c th@c 12t. %n" 12t 1 khon" 12t3 RoPi `: Dc liu do con n"0i sn UuOt r)3 a)i n"u6n "c n5i tr!n. nhiMu 1/ thuc ,h8n bit hi kh5. cn" 1M Du kh# thuc "&n nh ch d@) 1o thi!n nhi!n. b/ %n" bXi thi!n nhi!n3 kn" 1M s)u. n"0i t) nh2n thO r_n" khn" thL %L cho thi!n nhi!n chi ,hi. m ,hi t@ mnh bet thi!n nhi!n ,hFc 1F mnh3 Do 12 1ic tr6n" t) c8 1 nui %n" 12t lm thuc %c % mPnh3 hi kz n"h dc ,hm ch) ,ht triLn. c8 mc ho)n" h) %n" 12t lm thuc sn" ho)n" dPi l n"u6n dc liu chbnh3 KM s)u. n"u6n dc liu kL tr!n n" cn" hiGm do kh)i thc Du m#c h) ,h hoPi n"hi!m trn"3 an n$) do c8 mc ho)n" lN. kho) hc t6n tPi tron" khu %
hiGm d&n. n!n mc l t. ddn dGn 1ic thu hi %-i h9i nhiMu cn" ,hu3 Do 12 n!n n"hM nui con 1 tr6n" c8 lm thuc %A r) %0i3 4hiMu khi chJn nui 1 tr6n" c8 lm thuc %nt r) do nhu c&u UA hi thIc % 3 Kb nh tr6n" c)nh kN n) %c %nt r) 1 c8 n mc ho)n" dPi trX n!n hiGm3 4ui hu. n)i. %L chH %n" lO nhun". s7n" 1 Un"3 ain n) nhiMu ni %A tr6n" c8 th)nh c)o ho) 1n" %L sn UuOt thuc chn" kN sinh tr'n" st rWt3 Kic tr6n" t) h) chJn nui nh 12 c5 nhiMu u %iLm x khH %6n" %c n"un thuc3 x hn" s nh&m ldn. "i mPo3 Do s@ chJm s5c. t) c5 thL lm tJn" hoPt chOt cH) 1/ thuc n!n s tJn" hiu l@c ch$) bnh cH) thuc3 x khi ,hb 1M thu nhnt. 12n chu Ln 1 chG biGn s "im %i nhiMu3 k8 tr6n" %Gn tuBi. thu hoPch %Mu c'n" mt lIc. 1ic thu hoPch c5 thL c "i<i ho %c3 x R@) chn %/) %iLm tr6n" "&n ni ,hi sO 1 UXn" sn UuOt %L "im chi ,hb 1M 12n ti. trnh s@ h9n" t7 lIc thu hi %Gn khi sO kh 1 bo chG3 k-n %i 1<i 1ic chJn nui %n" 12t lm thuc. n"oi nh$n" u %iLm kL tr!n. 1ic chJn nui c-n %L cho t) chH %n" mi bin ,h, tc %n" 1o sIc 12t. chH %n" n"u6n th#c Jn. chH %n" ,h-n" ch$) bnh th*o d;i s#c kho con 12t hn" n" 333tPo cho n5 cuc sn" "&n "in" 1<i cuc sn" thi!n nhi!n3 4h thG tOt nhi!n s cho sn ,hm lm thuc c)o nhOt. tt nhOt3 4h$n" Du tec 1M tr6n" t) h) chJn nui %n" 12t lm thuc. chIn" ti khn" "i<i thiu chi tiGt X "io trnh n 1 n5 th) %Bi th*o t7n" c8 1 con3 4hn" chIn" ti s "i<i thiu mt s 1On %M c&n chI N jhi d@) 1o cc thnh t@u cH) cc n"nh kho) hc: sinh hc ,h8n tE. di tru Mn hc333 %L chn "in" tt. bt bnh. nJn" suOt c)o 1 Bn %/nh3 K<i c8 thuc chIn" t) c&n chn ,hn" ,h, nh8n "in" tt nhOt: Gi*o hPt. cO thn" h) cO lPi. tr6n" b_n" cnh h) b_n" r333 jhn" ,h, b5n. t<i: d'n" ,h8n " %L tJn" hoPt chOt. tJn" hiu suOt kinh tG cH) c8 tr6n"3 :h0i k[ sinh trXn" no c8 c&n nhiMu n<c. "i)i %oPn no c&n bt 333V@ b5n ,h8n %A %c n"hi!n c#u nhiMu3 Kb dF nh c8 Ytro,) b*nt)don) mc ho)n" ch c5 >.s
Q >.q ? )nc)loit3 4Gu t) b5n ,h8n tt 1 %In" m') 1F. hiu suOt )nc)loit s tJn" >.= ?. %6n" th0i ln" l thu hoPch s tJn"3 4"c lPi 1<i c8 bPc h. 1 b5n ,h8n khn" %In" n!n lm "im ln" tinh d&u3 Do cc kGt Du tr!n. 1ic tr6n" c8 thuc 1 nui %n" 12t lm thuc n" cn" ,ht triLn3 Kic ,ht triLn dc liu lm thuc %)n" l mt !u c&u cO, bch cH) UA hi3 khIn" t) c&n n"hi!n c#u. ,ht triLn hn n$). "5, ,h&n bo 1 s#c kho %n "i) sIc 1 ,ht triLn nMn kinh tG n<c nh3 4"nh thI . tiGn b 1M mnt n c-n ch2m. 1ic ch$) bnh cho "i) sIc b_n" thuc n)m X cc c sX ch) %c cc cn b thI chI N3 4"u !n liu d'n" lm thuc 1 thu hi t@ nhi!n. ch$) bnh cho "i) sIc hon ton c-n ,hF thuc 1o b!n nh8n c#u thb %iLm 10n thuc thI
ch# ch) chH %n" tr6n" %c3 SO nJm "&n %8 . mt s %/) ,hn" cTn" c5 n"hi!n nhn" b/ l,h snm 1 honc do thiGu cn b. honc thiGu kinh ,hb. honc lAnh %Po X %n 1/ %5 thiGu Du)n t8m c8n %on" d'n" tron" %n" dc :ron" th@c tG hin n) 1n %)n" tn tPi ` h thn" %n 1/ c8n %on" khi sE dFn" Cn" dc a thn" c8n %on" cT (th*o %6n" c8n. lPn". c8n t)333+ a thn" c8n %on" thn" dFn" cH) Duc tG (")m. kilo")m. mili")m. minilbt333+ CL "iI, th)m kho. Uin "i c8n b_n" h.>^=k"3 :h*o dc %iLn :run" iuc th g Gn t) b_n" %In" qk"3 g c8n t): b_n" gh lPn" >.h>^= k" honc b_n" >.q>>k" (DC:i. gyhs+ g lPn": g> %6n" c8n h) g> tiMn Z b_n" so.oo" h) sg.`q " (DC:i. gyhs+3 g %6n" c8n: g ch g> ,h8n s.oo ". g ,h8n: g> l b_n" >.soo " h) >.sg`q " (DC:i. gyhs+. g l)i h) gl b_n" >.>so " h) >. >>sg " (DC:i. gyhs g lem t) : <c ch7n" q> " l ti honc `> " l kh.
g nhIm t) : <c ch7n" ` Q s". g th) c !: ch7n" q ml. g th) sI,: ch7n" gq ml. g chWn tn": ch7n" q> Q h> ml g bt: ch7n" `>> Q `q> ml. g ch)i: ch7n" o>> mlZ g cIt b_n" g>>mlZ g "' b_n" s>>ml333 thu hi. bo Dun 1 chG biGn dc liu :hu hi d@c liu SFc %bch cH) 1ic thu hi x khH %n" n"u6n thuc tron" %iMu tr/3 4"u !n liu d'n" lm thuc ch sinh trXn" 1 ,ht triLn th*o t7n" m'). khn" ,hi lIc no cTn" c5 %c n"u !n liu ti d'n" tron" ,h-n". tr/ bnh %c3 Cnc bit hoPt chOt c5 tron" 1/ thuc cTn" khn" %c ,h8n b %Mu tron" tOt c cc b ,h2n h) t6n tPi tron" c8 c bn m')3 Kic thu hi dc liu c5 t&m Du)n trn" rOt l<n3 4hiMu khi n5 c5 tc dFn" Du Gt %/nh %Gn cn" tc %iMu tr/ tt h) khn" tt3 Von". tron" th@c tin. ch'n" t) ch) Du)n t8m %& %H 1 %In" %en3 Do %5 %A "n, khn" bt tr0n" h, sE dFn" 1 thu hi b7) bAi3 ai l lm thuc khn" %In" m') 1F. khn" %In" Du cch. c5 khi hon ton khn" c5 tc dFn" ch$) bnh 1 khn" c5 hoPt chOt c&n d'n"3 Kb nh S) hon" thu hi khi %A c5 "i5 m') %n" bec h) c 1F %n" s bt h) khn" c5 tc dFn" ch$) bnh n$) 1 khn" c-n f,h*drin3 :h@c tG cho thO hm ln" hoPt chOt cH) mt c8 thuc th) %Bi tu[ th*o b ,h2n c8 . nhn" cTn" c5 thL th) %Bi th*o tuBi c8 . th*o t7n" th0i k[ tron" nJm. th2m chb c t7n" "i0 tron" n" 3 K thG khn" c5 Du lu2t chun" %L lIc no biGt c5 hm lx n" hoPt chOt ti %) tron" c8 3 K2 ,hi thu hi dc liu nh thG no %L %m bo %In" Du cch. ,hm chOt 1 hiu l@c ch$) bnh cH) thuc K<i m|i 1/ thuc. c5 mt Du %/nh thu hi. s)u n %Gn ,h&n chu !n kho) s "i<i thiu kz hn. chn" n ch n!u nh$n" n"u !n tec chun" tron" khi thu hi dc liu3
gx 4"u !n tec th# nhOt x thu %In" th0i k[3 Ci 1<i m|i 1/ thuc c&n biGt ,hi thu hi 1o lIc no s cho nJn" suOt 1 hiu l@c %iMu tr/ c)o nhOt3 Kb nh c8 ]*nl)don*. hoPt chOt chbnh l a oU )min %c tPo r) tron" r c8 . s)u % tru Mn n!n cc ,h&n tr!n mnt %Ot3 X nJm th# nhOt. th8n c8 khi c-n U)nh ch#) nhiMu )nc)loit hn l3 V)n" nJm th# ` 1 th8n c8 b/ ho "| n!n hm ln" )nc)loit ch t2, trun" nhiMu X n"n c5 ho). khi Du chbn th )ncloit lPi "im %i3 K2 khi tr6n" ]*nl)don* lO )nc)loit X nJm th# nhOt t) cet cnh t7 ch| th8n c-n U)nh 1 cc l tr!n cnh3 V)n" nJm th# ` t) ch thu n"n c5 ho)3 kIc tr7 tr'n" d'n" t "iun. sn. hm ln" ,*rrithroid c)o nhOt X ho)3 :ron" m ho{ khi ho) ch) nX nhn "in" nh hPt th5c ch#) t ? rutin. nhn" %Gn khi nX c5 cnh m&u 1n" lx n" rutin "&n nh mOt hon ton3 :n" t@ nh tr!n khi thu hoPch bPc h. lO tinh d&u 1o tr<c lIc r) ho)3 :t nhOt n!n thu hi lIc kh ro. "iI, 1ic ,hi sO . bo Dun dc liu thu2n tin3 kc c8 m)n" ho) X n"n d b/ h9n" do m)3 kc c8 c5 tinh d&u ,hi thu hi 1o buBi sn" tr<c lIc mnt tr0i mc3 `3 4"u !n tec th# h)i x thu hi %In" b ,h2n3 1.thu c cy ]6 cn" )nh. bch mdu. n"i c#u333 K xgq cm l thbch h,3 :hu hi lIc c8 se, r) ho)3
2.
Thu bp cy ai bI, th0n" 1o "i$) 1 cui m') Uu8n (thn" s. ^ dn" l/ch+ 1<i nh$n"
c8 ch thu mt l&n tron" nJm3 kc c8 thu hi nhiMu l&n tron" nJm nh ch{ bI, th0n" thu khi bI, bet %&u n ,h6n" to. nhn" l ch) Uo{. c5 thL lO th!m mt honc h)i l non k{m th*o bI, cTn" %c3 kch thu hi: n"et t7n" bI, (hi bI, ch{+ honc b cnh con s)u %5 n"et3
3.
Hoa (Hos) K<i ho) sE dFn" tinh d&u l hoPt chOt. tt nhOt l hi khi ho) se, nX. lIc %5
hoPt chOt t2, chun" tron" nF c)o nhOt3:hb dF: ao) kim n"8n. ho) ho{. ho) cIc333 k5 khi n"0i t) hi c cFm ho) c5 k{m l bec3 k-n X c8 sE dFn" cnh ho) lm thuc nh ho) mo " ,hi thu hi cnh khi ho) %A nX hGt3 kch thu: ho) lO tinh d&u th0n" ,hi hi b_n" t) thu ho) cIc. h6n" ho). c-n %i 1<i nhiMu tr0n" h,. n"0i t) sE dFn" b_n" lc tut chi: thu m ho{. bPch cIc. cIc tr7 tr'n"333
4.
Thu qu (Fructus)
k&n ,h8n bit ` loPi Du: Du mn" 1 Du kh (Du "ic+3 x iu mn": Du d8u. m8m si (,hIc b6n tE+. m. m2n 333 :hu lIc Du chbn hn x hoPt chOt s t2, trun" tron" Du c)o nhOt3 Von" hi lIc n s kh5 bo Dun. d d2, nt. h h9n"3 Do %5 n!n hi khi Du 17) chbn t<i3 x iu kh: iu b6 kGt. Du h6i. tho Du. %&u333 :hu lIc "&n chbn hon ton. nhn" tr<c khi b/ rFn"3 4Gu hi s<m Du hoPt chOt bt. kh5 bo Dun. ,hi sO l8u. n"x c lPi nGu hi mun. Du n#t hPt ri 1Ai hGt3 5. Thu ngn c hoa ]Pc h. hn" tho. kinh "i<i. hn" thu333:h0n" d'n" liMm h) kWo cet r6i b5 lPi3 :ron" 1ic kh)i thc l<n. n"0i t) sE dFn" cc m chu !n dFn"3 6. Thu l (Fol u!) :u[ th*o mFc %bch lm thuc 1 1/ trb cH) l tr!n cnh m Du Gt %/nh th0i k[ thu hi. 1 X m|i th0i k[ sinh trXn" 1 ,ht dFc cH) l. %Mu ch#) cc hoPt chOt khc nh)u 1b nh: R ch{ khi c-n non ch#) nhiMu t)nin 1 c)*in hn ch{ "i3 R Bi non ch#) nhiMu t)nin hn l "i3 X bPc h. kinh "i<i3331 mt s l ch#) tinh d&u. th0n" cc l X ,h&n tr!n n"n ch#) nhiMu tinh d&u hn cc l "&n "c3 4h$n" c8 sn" l8u nJm. l cH) n5 mun d'n" lm thuc th0n" hi 1o nJm th# h)i. s)n" nJm th# s thx 0n" b9 l %i. ch thu nh$n" b ,h2n c5 hoPt chOt t2, trun": cH. Du3 :ron" mt nJm. th0n" hi l lbnh tm n"hv) l lIc c8 se, r) ho). honc ch<m r) ho)3
". Thu h#t ($%!%n) :t nhOt thu hPt khi th2t "i3 4Gu l hPt cH) Du t@ mX: hPt mu6n". ci333khn" %c ch0 khi Du n#t3 kh ri!n" 1<i hPt d t8 l nhnt hPt d<i %Ot3 4Gu l hPt cH) Du th/t: hPt mA tiMn. to. %o333ch0 Du chbn. hi 1M. loPi b9 ,h&n th/t Du. r6i ,hi kh3 &.Thu '(()orl%*) k-n "i l b : thu 19 DuG. mdu %n b. thPch l@u b333 :h0n" d'n" 19 cnh. bt d'n" 19 th8n. 1 c5 nhiMu l<, bn3 Kic thu 19 cnh h) 19 th8n c-n tu[ hoPt chOt honc tu[ cch sE dFn" tron" %iMu tr/3 Kb dF khi ch$) cm mPo (cm hn+ d'n" DuG chi. c-n nGu c&n lm lOmm c thL 1 tJn" c0n" hoPt %n" cH) tim. b6i d}n" c thL d'n" DuG t8m (DuG th8n+3 K9 th*o n"hv) rn" b)o "6m b ,h2n tch %c b_n" d)o. %Gn tn" t&n". X %5 c5 mnt ,hn" th*o th<3 4h thG s b)o "6m l<, trF b. lib* 1 %i khi 1i hn" b!n n"oi tG bo cH) "|3 :hu 1o m') Uu8n %Gn %&u m') h{. nhn" ,hi tr<c lIc c8 r) ho)3 kch thu: d'n" d)o b_n" Un" h) thW, khn" r (khn" d'n" d)o set s lm mOt t)nin. sOu m&u dc liu 1 s "8 %*n+. khn" n!n thu 19 cH) nh$n" c8 Du "i h) c-n non Du3 4h$n" 19 cH) nh$n" c8 n th0n" Du nhiMu bn 1 ch#) bt hoPt chOt3 RO d)o tch r) %c cc mnh 19. nPo b9 miMn bn3 X DuG cnh. 1<i nh$n" cnh c5 %0n" kbnh ` Q q cm. d'n" d)o trbch ` %0n" 1-n" tr-n 1 ` %0n" dc th8n cnh. b5c s %c cc cun 19 r6i cPo b9 l<, bn %i3 K<i 19 r. 1ic thu hi s c5 tc hPi ,h hup c8 . nhn" tron" 1i tr0n" h,. 19 n lPi DuN. 1b nh 19 l@u3 4"0i t) thu 19 r khi c5 mFc %bch kh)i thc c8 hon ton. nh_m chiGt hoPt chOt3 K<i c)nh k n) khi %c h x o nJm. n"0i t) thu ton b 19 r. th8n. cnh %L chiGt hoPt chOt Q kinin lm thuc +. Thu g, (- gnu!) Kb nh t mc. tr&m hn". "| lon" lAo333:h0n" thu 1o cui thu honc c m') %n"3 RIc n "| chec. ln" n<c tron" "| bt hn. d bo Dun. khn" b/ h h9n"3 l. Thu r. (/a0%*) '1 thn (/h 2o!a)3
:hu cc b ,h2n d<i %Ot: r. th8n r. cH. tt nhOt thu n"oi th0i k[ sinh d}n" cH) c8 3 RIc %5 hoPt chOt t2, trun" tron" cH. r 1 th8n r3 Ci 1<i c8 sn" ` nJm nh n"u bn". n"0i t) thu hi 1o m') thu cH) nJm th# nhOt h) m') Uu8n cH) nJm th# h)i3 Ci 1<i c8 sn" lu ni!n. b)o "i0 cTn" thu hi 1o m') thu3 :h0n" ch0 s)u mt 1i nJm %L thu %c khi ln" l<n. nhn" khn" ch0 Du l8u do l;i r s ho "|3 Kic thu th0n" 1Ot 1 1 ,hi d'n" cuc. thuBn"333c "en" cn" trnh %c d2, nt b)o nhi!u cn" tt: sen d8 . r lon" %0m. I,*c) 1 smil)U333 r c8 thu %c ,hi lec chi h) rE). loPi b9 %Ot 1 cc b ,h2n d2, nt. thi h9n" do cn tr'n" honc s8u ,h hoPi3 RoPi b9 cc r nh9. nh$n" cH to th0n" cet thnh kho)nh h) lm n#t dc %L tin cho 1ic ,hi sO : %Pi ho)n". lon" %Xm. "7n". %Pi hon"333 k5 nhiMu dc liu. ln" hoPt chOt khn" "in" nh)u X cc ch| c)o thO, khc nh)u cH) cH3 :ron" cH %Pi hon" th*o KPn t 1 cn" s@ (a R)n+: ln" cc ddn UuOt )nthr)U*n tJn" l!n t7 ,h&n tr!n cH) "c %Gn %&u cc r con3 CiMu n cTn" U r) 1<i bPch ch3 K2 khi thu %Pi hon". bPch ch khn" %c loPi b9 cc r con3 hn" n!n thu cc b ,h2n d<i %Ot 1o lIc c8 %A n lc. %8m ch6i. cc chOt d@ tr$ %A b/ hu %n" %Gn cc b ,h2n khc cH) c8 . % c5 Du trnh biMn %Bi sinh hc tron" c8 . hoPt chOt b/ %Bi s)n" dPn" khc. lm "im tc dFn" ch$) bnh3 4h 12 1ic thu hi dc liu th2t mun hnh. mun 1 1 %-i h9i mOt nhiMu th0i "i)n3 Kic thu dc liu %In" lIc rOt Du)n trn". khn" %c U*m th0n"3 4"oi nh$n" Du %/nh tr!n chIn" t) c-n chI N th!m: x ai 1M. ,hi k/, th0i sE lN n") . sE lN %In" ,hn" ,h, %L trnh d2, nt. l!n m*n. sinh thi3 :u t %i khn" n!n thu lIc tr0i m). % m c)o. tron" nh khn" c5 ,hn" tin sE lN k/, th0i3 x 4h$n" b ,h2n %c. c5 ch#) hoPt chOt tc dFn" dc lN mPnh. ,hi %c bo Dun ri!n". n!n c5 kN hiu ri!n"3 kc ,hn" ,h, lm kh dc liu SFc %bch lm kh dc liu :r!n th@c tG. c5 mt s dc liu d'n" ti m<i tt. 1b dF: m&n t<i ch$) mPt "3
4"c lPi. c5 nh$n" 1/ thuc ch d'n" kh. khn" nh$n" thG. lPi %-i h9i %L cn" l8u nJm tc dFn" cn" tt nh tr&n b3 45i chun" dc liu ti ch "ii Du Gt !u c&u tron" mt ,hPm 1i nh9. khi bnh U r) %In" m') c5 c8 thuc ,ht triLn. h) ch %L cOt tinh d&u. chG c6n thuc ti3 :ron" th@c tG l8m sn" khn" ,hi lIc no cTn" sn c8 ti. nhOt l khi m') %n" lPnh. c8 ci tn lFi3 K2 %L chH %n" n"u6n thuc tron" %iMu tr/ 1 sn UuOt. nhOt thiGt ,hi tm cch d'n" dc liu kh3 hi c8 sn" c5 s@ c8n b_n" "i$) cc Du trnh chu Ln ho. ddn %Gn tBn" h,. biGn %Bi 1 tBn" h, cc thnh ,h&n h#u c tron" tG bo bnh th0n"3 k8 khn" c5 s@ ,h8n hup "8 mOt hoPt chOt3 hi c8 b/ cet r) s hWo nh)nh do 1ic mOt n<c3 V@ mOt n<c U r) nh)nh h) ch2m tu[ th*o cc b ,h2n cH) duc liu. tu[ th*o nhit % 1 % m cH) khn" khb3 V@ thup ,h8n hoPt chOt do m*n 1dn tiG, tFc U r) nGu X c8 c-n lun" n<c tr!n gq?3 hi %5 cc Du trnh thup ,h8n. oU ho. r*U*mnic ho c5 thL lm h9n" cc hoPt chOt cH) c8 3 4" n) n"0i t) %A cn" nh2n cc ,hn #n" n c5 thL U r) tron" c'n" mt s tG bo3 kc m*n ,h8n "ii hoPt chOt %nc bit c5 tron" c8 nhn" %c khu trI X cc %iLn khc nh)u3 St s t6n tPi d<i dPn" kGt h, 1<i ,h#c li,o Q ,rot*id cH) t thL3 V@ ,h hup hoPt chOt cH) dc liu U r) tp l thu2n 1<i 1ic ,h8n hup ,h#c li,o x ,rot*in cH) m*n tron" t lP, thL3 4hiMu hoPt chOt ho t)n tron" tIi khn" bo (a*t*roit. mui )nc)loit. t)nin. sec t l)1onoit+ %Mu b/ ,h8n hup3 :hn" th0n" n"0i t) "im tp l n<c %L cho cc ,hn #n" l!n m*n khn" U r) %c. %6n" th0i cTn" %L cn trX s@ sinh sn cH) cc 1i khun. n&m mc3 Rm tt cn" tc n m<i "i$ %c hoPt chOt thuc nh lIc c8 c-n ti3 :h0n" khi lm kh dc liu. tp l hoPt chOt "im %i do b) hi h) kGt h, 1<i oU thnh nh@) c8 3 Kb dF d<i tc dFn" cH) m*n oU d)) %nc bit. cc )nd*h t tron" n" bi tiGt b/ oU cH) khn" khb honc oU tron" bn th8n )nd*h t %L thnh )Uit nh@). chOt chloro,hin b/ oU ho cTn" trX thnh kWm t)n hn3 Von" khn" ,hi lIc no cTn" %In" nh thG3 Kic lm kh dc liu nh_m cc mFc %bch s)u:
x khH %n" n"u6n thuc tron" %iMu tr/ x D bo Dun. d 12n chu Ln. h) chG biGn s)n" cc dPn" khc 4"u !n tec lm kh dc liu hi ,hi kh dc liu n!n chI N: ,hi kh t7 t7. ln" n<c X bM mnt cTn" thot r) t7 t7 t7 cc tG bo b!n tron" r)3 4Gu ,hi X nhit % c)o n") t7 %&u. ,hb) n"oi mOt n<c nh)nh d ren chec lPi. lm cho n<c X b!n tron" thot r) kh53 Do %5 1M s)u dc liu rOt d b/ m mc3 Snt khc khi n<c rIt r) t7 t7 nh 12 . cc hoPt chOt %A d&n d&n b/ c %nc (%In" 1/ trb+ n") tron" tG bo. khn" "8 n!n cc ,hn #n" ,hF do 1ic mOt n<c tru Mn t7 tG bo n Du) tG bo khc Du nh)nh3 aoPt chOt 1 m*n %nc hiu %Mu b/ %n" %nc. khn" "n, %c nh)u n!n khn" c5 s@ ,h8n hup lm mOt tc dFn"3 ain n) n"0i t) lm kh dc liu b_n" mO ,hn" ,h, s)u g3 ket nh9 ,hi kh a. 4h5 tr6c t 7p ngo1 tr8 (ph5 09 nh n:ng !;t tr8 ). C8 l bin ,h, kinh tG nhOt. %i 1<i nh$n" ni c5 khb h2u n5n" 1 kh3 jhn" ,h, n ch d'n" 1<i nh$n" 1/ thuc c5 hoPt chOt khn" b/ nh sn" mnt tr0i lm h9n"3 bt khi ,hi c8 thuc honc cc b ,h2n cH) c8 tr!n mnt %Ot 1 %iMu n "iI, cho nOm mc ,ht triLn3 wi!n" ch c5 to biLn m<i %*m UG, di ,hi n") tr!n bAi biLn3 :h0n" UG, dc liu thnh l<, m9n" tr!n non". kh) . liG,. honc tr!n d8 . kiLu UG, n kWo di t7 1i "i0 %Gn 1i tu&n tu[ th*o % m cH) khn" khb 1 cOu tPo cH) dc liu3 Ri ,hi n khn" thbch h, 1<i cc c8 c5 tinh d&u 1 ho) 1 b/ h h9n"3 H#n ch7 c<a ph5ng php x :c dFn" cH) ti) tE n"oPi U r) %6n" th0i 1<i ti) h6n" n"oPi c5 thL lm h h9n" nhiMu hoPt chOt3 x ])n %!m. buBi sn" c5 sn" %n". khi tr0i m) ,hi ch*. %2 3 b. 4h5 trong r! '1 09 ! ch% (ph5 =! can). R kinh n"him rOt kho) hc cH) nh8n t) t7 cB U)3 jhn" ,h, n khec ,hFc %c nhc %iLm cH) ,hn" ,h, tr!n. thbch h, 1<i c8 c5 tinh d&u. ho)3
jhn" ,h, n d , dFn" X Du m thH cn". tiGn hnh tron" cc lMu. nh bPt3 Dc liu %c b5 thnh cc b5 nh9. tr*o l!n cc si d8 thW, honc di dc liu thnh l<, m9n" tr!n cc liG,. 1i h) t0 "iO 3 CGn m') thu hoPch nhiMu. chIn" t) n!n d@n" cc nh tPm. c5 mi ch*. %nt cE) di %n" tu[ h<n" "i5. %L %m bo cho khb lu thn" th*o h<n" nhOt %/nh. trnh %c nh nen" mnt tr0i chiGu tr@c tiG,. m) "in"3 4hc %iLm cH) ,hn" ,h,: ,hi UG, l8u. l<n dc liu3
2.
khn" thL UE lN %c khi ln"
VO b_n" khn" khb n5n" 1 kh
VO kh dc liu b_n" khn" khb n5n" 1 kh. ,hn" ,h, n rOt c&n thiGt cho nh$n" n<c c5 khb h2u m <t nh n<c t). nGu tiGn hnh thu hi dc liu 1o cc thn" `.s.^ 1 thn" o.= hn" nJm3 RIc %5 th0i ti!t m) nhiMu. % m c)o. chIn" t) khn" sE dFn" ` ,hn" ,h, n5i tr!n %L lm kh dc liu %c3 >u ? @! c<a ph5ng php n1y x 45 cho ,hW, sO nh)nh dc liu X cc %iMu kin khb h2u khc nh)u3 x khH %n" khn" chG %c nhit % 1 % thn" "i5. n<c tron" cc tG bo cH) dx c liu %c thot r) t7 t73 Sun thG. khi thiGt kG c&n chI N %L tJn" nhit % X l- sO mt cch t7 t73 :#c s cho dc liu tiG, UIc 1 x s> ,hIt. % U* %5 l!n "&n n"u6n nhit 1 %) U* th# ` 1o. c# tiGn hnh li!n tFc nh 12 3 :ron" khi sO . b!n cPnh 1ic chI N nhit %. cTn" c&n chI N %Gn % m cH) l- sO 3 4Gu % m c)o. dc liu s khn" kh nGu % m thO, n<c thot r) nh)nh3 hi U* th# nhOt ch#) dc liu %A kh %Pt %c % m thbch h, (ch7n" ` "i0+3 x 4"u6n nhit X %8 l l- %t cHi. th)n h) cc thiGt b/ %in. c5 thL l nhit d nJn" ln" mnt tr0i cun" cO, tron" cc thiGt b/ chu !n d'n"3 x Ci 1<i cc b ,h2n m9n" m)nh: l. n"n c5 ho)333 1ic loPi n<c nGu Du trit %L. chun" %L b/ 1Fn nt khi 1) chPm. do 12 ,hi m)n" chIn" 1o mt ni mt c5 thot hi n<c %L chIn" trX lPi mMm mPi3
x4hit % sO th) %Bi tu[ th*o cc b ,h2n cH) c8 3 Ci 1x^>>kZ %i 1x o>>k3 C m cH) khn" khb n5n" thBi 1o khon" s>xsq? 1 khn" khb %i r) kh9i lc5 % m hq? l thbch h,3 K<i nhit % n cc m*n ch) b/ ,h hup. 1 mOt n<c n!n m*n b/ cTn" b/ c %nc 1 #c chG3 s3 Rm kh b_n" ti) h6n" n"oPi 4"0i t) d'n" %{n c5 si tun" Ut*n3 jhn" ,h, n h) d'n" khi chG biGn c rt 1 Du loPi n<c nhn" khn" ,hB biGn sO thuc 1 "i thnh c)o 1 hoPt chOt cTn" c5 thL b/ ,h hup3 ^3 Rm kh X tH sO n5n" 1 tH s8N ch8n khn" C8 l ,hn" ,h, tt tron" ,h-n" thb n"him. n5 cho ,hW, "im th0i "i)n c&n thiGt %L loPi n<c n!n "im kh nJn" "8 h h9n" dc liu3 :ron" Du trnh lm kh dc liu. tu[ b ,h2n. t) Du %/nh tp l kh ti thu %x c nh s)u: w kh chiGm `qxs>?Z kh chiGm ^>? so 1<i bI, ti. :p l tr!n c-n ,hF thuc 1o m') thu hi dc liu3 4Gu thu h)b dc liu 1o cui thu %&u %n". t l khti c-n c)o hn so 1<i c'n" dc liu %5 nhn" hi 1o m') Uu8n. hP3 Rm kh dc liu mt mnt %L bo Dun. mnt khc cTn" l dPn" mt dPn" chG biGn b)n %&u (cet nh9 ,hi kh+3 :h@c r) n5 l mt dPn" Du % %L chG r) cc dPn" thuc khc: thuc bt. thuc sec. c)o333 khI N tron" khi chG biGn c&n ,hi loPi b9 nh$n" tP, chOt lP: l lP. s8u mt333 bo Dun dc liu ]o Dun dc liu l mt kh8u rOt Du)n trn"3 Dc liu nGu khn" %c bo Dun chu %o. s b/ mOt ,hm chOt do h h9n"3 4hiMu khi bo Dun khn" tt %A lm mOt hon ton tc dFn" ch$) bnh cH) 1/ thuc3 c!u c&u cH) dc liu tron" th0i "i)n bo Dun Dc liu ,hi bo t6n %c hnh th#c 1 ,hm chOt3 ao) kh chiGm `>?Z iu kh chiGm s>?Z ]I,
k&n c "en" "i$ n"u !n 1n cc h, chOt nh khi c-n l c8 ti3 khI N: x nh sn" mPnh s lm dc liu mOt mu h) %Bi s)n" m&u n8u3 x 4hit % tJn" lm tJn" tc % cc ,hn #n" ho hc tron" 1/ thuc. "iI, cho nOm mc. cn tr'n". s8u. mt333,ht triLn3 K 12 tron" kho c&n thon". mt. thn" "i5 b_n" khn" khb kh3 C6n" th0i ,hi c5 bin ,h, %M ,h-n" ho hoPn3 4Gu dc liu bt th0n" t) ch %5n" "5i. "c bG,3 Kic %5n" "5i cTn" ch n"Jn cn %c ,h&n no tc dFn" khn" tt cH) cc Gu t kL tr!n nhOt l 1M % m3 Sun bo Dun dc liu tt. c&n tB ch#c chu %o h thn" nh kho. UXn" s chG3 ho c5 thL m)n" tbnh chOt tPm th0i honc 1vnh 1in3 45i chun" cc kho n ,hi kh ro. thon" "i5. khn" %c Du n5n". %L cc dc liu ch#) tinh d&u kh9i bc hi3 Dc liu %c %Pt tr!n cc "i. "i$) cc "i n!n c5 li %i lPi %L kiLm tr) th0n" Uu !n3 Dc liu mc. mt333 c&n ,ht hin k/, th0i. ,hi sO lPi n") 3 :h0n" dc liu ch tbch tr$ t7n" nJm. honc %) %i k/, th0i %L chG biGn thnh cc dPn" thuc s bo Du %c l8u hn3 k5 mt s dc liu d' %c bo Dun tt. %In" ,hn" ,h,. chOt ln" 1n "im3 :ron" kho. dc liu c)n se, %nt n"Jn ne,. ri!n" t7n" khu 1@c. n"oi mFc %bch %L tm. d kiLm sot. d kiLm tr) chOt ln"3 kc dc li*u %c nh l. hPt c %c dc. hPt stro,h)ntus. hPt mA tiMn333,hi %L mt khu 1@c ri!n"3 4"0i thH kho ,hi tr@c tiG, ch/u trch nhim 1M s ln" UuOt nh2,3 kc dc li*u c5 m'i thm: bPc h. Du h6i. cIc ho). dinh hn"333,hi %L U) cc dc li*u khn" c5 m'i3 4Gu khn". m'i dc li*u thm s b/ cc dc li*u khc hO, ,hF3 hi %L dc li*u tron" kho. chIn" t) ,hi chI N s mnt s)u d8 : g3 khn" m <t 4<c t) m) nhiMu. % m c)o. rOt d "8 h9n" thuc3 :h0n" % m %L bo Du thuc l hq Q o> ?3 :hG nhn" % m trun" bnh X Kit 4)m th0n" t7 => Q =q ?3 4hiMu khi c-n %Pt % m tu t %i t>?3 :h0i "i)n n (th0n" 1o cc thn"
`.s.^ 1 thn" o. = X miMn ]ec. miMn 4)m l h thn" m : ^.q.h.o.=.y hn" nJm+3 Kic chn" m cho thuc rOt kh5 khJn nhOt l cc dc liu thuc loPi thuc loPi d hIt n<c nhiMu3 CL khec ,hFc % m c)o t) c5 thL sE lN b_n" cch: x 4h$n" ni c5 %iMu kin thiGt b/. %L thuc tron" ,h-n" c5 m %iMu ho nhit % (khon" `>>k l thbch h,+ %iMu ho % m. DuPt thn" "i53 x 4h$n" 1'n" nn" thn t) "5i kbn b_n" "iO Ui nJn" "c tr!n bG, honc %@n" 1o cc chum. 1Pi d2 ne, kbn3 `3 khn" mc KOn %M c bn chn" mc l chn" m3 Dc liu %A hIt m s b/ mc3 4!u dc liu b/ mc c&n ,hi nen" lPi h) s)o tu[ loPi3 St s dc liu c5 thL ,hun ru r6i s)o3 Dc liu b/ mc khi tr0i %)n" m). tt nhOt %t lu hu[nh Un" hi t7 `^ Q ^= "i03 s3 khn" s8u mt. kiGn. chut. mi. "in St t)i hoP rOt l<n tron" 12n chu Ln. bo Dun dc liu l s8u. b. mt. mi. "in3331 chut "8 hPi3 Do %iMu kin khb h2u m n5n" X n<c t). s8u b tron" kho dc liu d ,ht triLn3:h*o thn" k! s b cH) Kin ]o 1 th@c 12t ] 4n" n"hi, 1 tiLu b)n Vinh 12t hc thuc p b)n kho) hc 4h n<c %A %iMu tr) 1 Uc %/nh X Kit 4)m khon" tr!n s> loi cn tr'n". s8u mt. lm h h9n" 1 ,h hoPi thuc n)m. thuc bec nh: mt thuc: s3t*"obilum. ,)nic*um3l. s8u thuc l: l)siod*rm) ~*rricorsi* )br3 St %9: tribolium*rru"in*um )br3 St c ,h!: Yr)cc*us )scicul)tus333 45i chun" cc loPi s8u mt th0n" sinh nX tron" %iMu kin thup ,h&n cH) dc liu t7 g^? trX l!n 1 nhit % mi tr0n" thbch h, g=xs>> k3 kc "in" s8u. mt th0n" Jn hPi tOt c cc loPi thuc. khn" kL %c h) khn" %c3 Kb dF: aPt mA tiMn rOt %c. nhn" c5 mt s "in" s8u rOt thbch ,ht triLn X hPt %5. "in 1dn nhOm ,hF tE m khn" chGt3 Kic ti!u dit cc s8u b tron" kho l mt 1On %M kh5 khJn 1 ,h#c tP, 1 ,hi
lm s)o dit %c s8u b m chOt ln" thuc khn" b/ nh hXn"3 Do %5 tt hn hGt l n"hi!n c#u 1-n" %0i cH) t7n" loPi s8u b. r6i bo Dun dx c liu X nh$n" %iGu kin khn" thu2n li cho s@ sinh sn 1 ,ht triLn cH) chIn"3 Kic t uG. st tr'n" kho tn" b_n" hi %c dichloro*t)n. chloroi*rin h) V`. honc b_n" cc thuc st tr'n" khc3 hi sE dFn" cc hi %c. c&n %) hGt thuc r) n"oi. b/t hGt l| hX. cE) kho. r6i hun thuc 1o kho3 V)u %5 mX cE) kho cho b) hGt khb %c. m<i %) dc liu 1o3 Dc liu %L tr!n "i. cch U) t0n" 1 nMn nh. tr&n nh3 Ci 1<i chut. ti!u dit b_n" b chut. nui m{o. ch5. d'n" cPm bd 3 mt s ,hn" ,h, chG biGn dc liu th*o %n" SFc %bch cH) ,hn" ,h, bo chG x Rm cho 1/ thuc tt hn. loPi b9 cc tP, chOt. cc ,h&n: 19. hPt. rm. %Ot333 ldn 1o3 x :u[ loPi dc liu. c5 thL "im b<t h) loPi b9 %c tbnh. nh$n" h, chOt khn" c&n thiGt tron" %iMu tr/ mt bnh nhOt %/nh3 Kb nh r)n" tho Du Gt minh khi khn" d'n" 1<i mFc %bch t 3 x GiI, cho s@ bo Dun thu2n li hn3 kc ,hn" ,h, bo chG3 I3 ]o chG ch d'n" lE) g3 V)o (ho chG+ jhn" ,h, n h) "n, tron" bo chG dc liu3 C8 l cch d'n" s#c lE) tr@c tiG, h) "in tiG, %L UE lN dc liu3 SFc %bch cH) 1ic s)o dc liu3 x Rm kh dc liu %L n"hi!n c#u h) bo Dun3 k5 mt s dc liu ,hi kh r6i m<i s)o. honc tron" Du trnh bo Dun b/ mc %) s)o lPiZ V khc s)o n") t7 khi cO c-n ti3 :ron" Du trnh s)o. dc liu tiG, UIc tr@c tiG, 1<i s#c n5n" kh. kGt h, 1<i Du trnh %o li!n tFc. dc liu nh)nh %Pt %Gn % m Du %/nh3 x Rm thuc c5 m'i thm. "im b<t m'i 1/ kh5 ch/u. %) s dc liu khi s)o l!n. %Mu c5 m'i thm. mu 1n" %*n. nhOt l cc loPi hPt: d. tho Du Gt minh3 S'i thm cH) dc liu khi s)o l do s@ b) hi cH) mt s tnh d&u h) mt s chOt
thm %c hnh thnh tron" Du trnh s)o3 x :i!u dit 1i khun. nOm mc 1 m*n %L Bn %/nh dc liu3 Kx g`>>k %) s 1i khun. nOm. mc %Mu b/ dit3 x V)o %L th) %Bi tc dFn" cH) thuc 1b nh: tho Du Gt minh. hPt b) %2u3 DFn" cF s)o: D'n" cho ")n" h) n6i %Ot d& %L s)o dc liu l tt nhOt3 S#c % tru Mn nhit cH) cc dFn" cF n tn" %i Bn %/nh. nhit % r)n" t7 t7 1 "i$ s#c n5n" l8u3 z thu2t s)o dc liu l kz thu2t %iMu khiLn nhit % 1 th0i "i)n3 :u[ mFc %bch ch$) bnh %L sE lN dc liu X cc nhit % khc nh)u th*o nh$n" ,hn" ,h, s)o h) "n, s)u %8 : )3 V)o tr@c tiG, V)o Du) (1i s)o+ l ,hn" ,h, UE lN dc liu X nhit % thO, (q>xh>>k+. chH Gu lm kh 1 thm dc liu3 jhn" ,h, n th0n" , dFn" cho dc liu c5 cOu tPo mon" m)nh % lm kh. d ch (ho). l. d8u n"+ 1 cc dc liu c5 hoPt chOt khn" ch/u %c nhit % c)o x tinh d&u3 kch s)o: CL khn" chG nhit %. n"0i t) %t cho n5n" "i r6i tet lE) cho dc liu 1o %o nh cho %Gn khi dc liu tr!n cho n5n" %Mu 1 kh3 a) cTn" c5 thL cho dc liu 1o cho %un nh9 lE) %Gn lIc dc liu tron" cho n5n" %Mu r6i kh3 Kb dF s)o r8u n". kinh "i<i. bI, ch{3 V)o 1n" (hon" s)o+ l ,hn" ,h, h) "n, nhOt %L dc liu c5 m'i thm. kh. %6n" th0i cTn" %L dit m*n 1 chu Ln mu dc liu3 z thu2t s)o: VE lN dc liu X nhit % g>>>k3 Snt n"oi dc liu kh 1n". s#c n5n" %Mu. thOm s8u 1o tron" dc liu. ln" n<c thot r). nhn" khn" lm biGn %Bi mu X b!n tron"3 kch lm: Ct cho n5n" khon" h>xo>>k b9 dc liu 1o. %un lE) nh9. th0i "i)n %un kWo di. %o ch2m %Gn khi dc liu c5 mu 1n". m'i thm3 Kb dF: s)o bPch thc. tho Du Gt minh333 :ron" nhiMu tr0n" h,. n"0i t) c-n s)o 1n" hP th9 %L l2, lPi c8n b_n" 8m dn" tron" cc 1/ thuc khi tr/ bnh mPn tbnh. bnh
"hW,3 cch lm: khi dc liu %A 1n" %*m %B h) I, cho dc liu Uun" %Ot %2 kbn lPi %Gn khi n"ui3 kch s)o n c5 "i tr/ %iMu ho tc dFn" dc lN c) 1/ thuc3 V)o th8m (thOm hon" s)o+: 4"oi cc mFc %bch nh s)o 1n". s)o th8m c-n lm tJn" th!m tc dFn" kbch thbch tiGn ho cH) 1/ thuc3 z thu2t s)o cTn" nh hon" s)o nhn" X nhit % c)o hn 1 th0i "i)n l8u hn3 kui th0i "i)n s)o. t) %o nh)nh hn cho %Gn lIc dc liu c5 mu 1n" th8m nh cnh "in: s)o bPch tru2t. s)o tr333 V)o t6n tbnh (hec s)o+: SFc %bch cH) ,hn" ,h, n nh_m th) %Bi tbnh nJn" cH) thuc. lm tJn" th!m tc dFn" c&m mu cH) thuc3 V)o X g`> >k cho %Gn lIc dc liu ch khon" o>?. nhn" b b!n tron" 1dn c-n mu 1n". dc liu 1dn ch) mOt hGt tbnh nJn"3 kch s)o: Ct cho n5n" "i s)u %5 cho thuc 1o %o li!n tFc %Gn khi bc kh5i. tiG, tFc %o nh)nh lm cho dc liu ch %Mu3 hi dc liu c5 m&u %*n. bec cho r). %2 1un" cho dc liu tiG, tFc ch &m mt lIc n$)3 Kb nh s)o kinh "ib. %| trn". n"Ai c#u3 V)o ch (s)o th)n+: kTn" tiGn hnh nh tr!n nhn" khn" chG X nhit % c)o hn. th0i "i)n l8u hn. %L thuc ch %Gn =>?3 SFc %bch cH) ,hn" ,h, n lm cho dc liu ch c-n tc dFn" c&m mu 1 "ii %c3 Kb nh s)o trec bch di, b6 hon" thn3 `3 4un" (%on+ kho 1/ thuc tr@c tiG, 1o n6i %Ot. cho ")n" %L nun". %t3 kch n h) d'n" chG 1iGn cc 1/ thuc l khon" 12t. 19 s-. 19 h. l c)m thPch (chbnh l nks c5 ldn ch. set. crm. m)"i*. c)dmi333+3Ct. nun" %L loPi b9 cc chOt ldn tron" 1/ thuc3 s3 K'i h) l'i ]c 1/ thuc tron" "iO m h) h6 tinh bt r6i 1'i 1o tro n5n" h) lE) nh cho t<i khi "iO ch %*n h) bt kh. ch0 n"ui b5c b9 l<, n"oi %L d'n"3 jhn" ,h, n nh_m lO b<t h) loPi b9 cc chOt d&u c5 tron" 1/ thuc nh chG nhFc %2u khOu3 ^3:m s)o (trbch+ kch s)o n nh_m mFc %bch %iMu khiLn tc dFn" dc lN cH) 1/ thuc. dn
thuc 1o c Du)n 1 b ,h2n mon" mun tron" c thL (ddn thuc Dui kinh+3 Dc liu s)u khi %A thi ,hiGn lm kh. %c tm 1? chOt l9n" c&n tm. tiG, tFc H mt th0i "i)n cho dc liu thOm "Om %Mu dun" d/ch c&m tm r6i s)o 1n"3 a) cTn" c5 thL s)u khi %A lm n5n" dc liu. n"0i t) ,hun %Mu chOt l9n" c&n tm. r6i tiG, tFc s)o 1n"3 :u t7n" tr0n" h, cF thL m s)o tm 1<i chOt l9n" s)u :m ru s)o: ru lm "im tinh lPnh 1 tJn" kh nJn" ,ht tn cH) thuc3 V)u khi un". thuc s %i t7 cc c Du)n b!n tron" r) n"oi. t7 ,hb) d<i l!n ,hb) tr!n c thL: s)o hon" li!n. hon" b333 :m "iOm s)o: "iOm c5 1/ chu). tinh n tc dFn" 1o c)n kinh3 :huc tm "iOm c5 tc dFn" ddn thuc 1o ")n. "im %)u 1 b<t m'i t)nh n!n d d'n"3 3:m mui s)o: s tJn" kh nJn" ddn thuc 1o th2n. %6n" th0i c5 tc dFn" diMu 1/. lm sJn. s* ni!m mPc3 4"oi r) c-n d'n" cc chOt l9n" khc: n<c "7n". n<c "Po. n<c tiLu %6n" (tr *m+333 C) s chIn" %Mu l dun" mi ho t)n cH) hoPt chOt n!n c5 nh hXn" %Gn % ho t)n cH) hoPt chOt tron" 1/ thuc3 II3 jhn" ,h, bo chG ch d'n" n<c3 SFc %bch
2 2
Rm cho 1/ thuc mMm mPi. d thi m9n" Gim b<t %c tbnh. tinh khiGt. loPi b9 tP, chOt3
jhn" ,h, d'n" n<c b)o "6m:

1. 1.
wE) (t +: lm 1/ thuc sPch hGt %Ot. ct bn. khn" %c n"8m l8u3 4"8n (,hi!u+: tc dFn" 1 cch lm cTn" "in" nh rE) nhn" n"8m l8u Di (bo+: cho thuc 1o n<c lPnh h) n<c si tu[ ch0 mt th0i "i)n. khi
hn lm thuc "im m'i t)nh. 1/ mnn

1.
thuc mMm r). b5c b9 19 n"oi bo m9n": chG khB hPn" nh8n. hPt %o333 khI N:
4 4
hn" n!n n"8m Du l8u s mOt hoPt chOt. "im tc dFn" tr/ bnh3 :ron" khi n"8m tu[ dc liu 1 mFc %bch ch$) bnh n"0i t) c5 thL n"8m
dc liu tron" n<c "Po nG, 1o. n<c "7n". n<c b6 kGt333 n"8m ri lPi ,hi. ,hi
r6i lPi n"8m %L loPi b9 %c chOt 1 tJn" th!m tc dFn" tr/ bnh3 III3 jhn" ,h, d'n" c lE) 1 n<c3
1. 1. 1.
khn" h) %6: %un cch thup 1/ thuc nh chG sinh %Pi. h thH 333 Cun: cho thuc 1o n<c lA luc chbn :i: nun" %9 1/ thuc r6i cho 1o n<c lA h) n<c cH) 1/ thuc khc ti %i ti :huc sec: R dPn" thuc l9n". chG b_n" cch cho thuc trn ldn 1<i n<c. r6i sec b_n"
lPi nhiMu l&n3

1.
lE) tr@c tiG, honc cch thup3 :7 thG kp go tr<c kn" n"u !n n"0i %&u ti!n l c DoAn %A d'n" ,hn" ,h, sec thuc %L ch$) bnh3 Dc liu tr<c khi %) 1 sec. th0n" %c cet nh9 r)3 K.s mm. Du 1 hPt cTn" khn" %c d Du >.q mm3 ket nh9 Uon". cho 1o n6i m*n h) n6i %Ot. nhn" ,hi c5 ne, %2 kbn. r6i %B n<c 1o sec3 Rn" n<c cho 1o. d@) th*o cc cJn c# s)u %8 : x :u[ th*o hm ln" n<c c5 sn tron" dc liu3 x :u[ th*o th0i "i)n %un si l8u h) m)u (khn" thL m m5c th*o n"u !n tec s bt lO g+3 x :u[ th*o tbnh chOt tc dFn" cH) 1/ thuc mPnh h) Gu do %5 t) c5 thL cho nx <c th*o tp l s)u: 13 K>3 4"oi r) c-n cn" th!m gq Q `> ? n<c b' h)o do thuc kh n"Om. n<c b) hi khi %un3 kch sec x kch tt nhOt 1dn l dPn" sec cch thup. %L n"ui t7 t7. "Pn. lc un"3 4hn" cch n bt %c sE dFn" tron" th@c tG ch$) bnh 1 c&u k[3 x :h0n" h) b9 1o n6i %Ot h) m*n. %2 1un". %un si gqxs> ,hIt3 V)u %5 m<i b9 nh$n" 1/ thuc c5 tinh d&u 1o. nh tr&n b. bPc h. hn" nhu333 tiG, tFc %2 kbn 1un". %un nh9 lE) mt lIc. chX n"ui bec r). "Pn lO n<c thuc un"3 :huc sec ch d'n" %L un"3
K<i cch chG biGn n thuc c5 nhiMu tP, chOt. hm ln" tinh d&u b/ "im %i nhiMu. mt s "lucoit c5 thL b/ thup ,h8n 1 th) %Bi tc dFn" cH) mt s thuc khc3 St s thnh ,h&n khn" sinh tho mc c5 thL b/ mOt tc dFn". cc *nim b/ ,h hup3 IK3 Rm bt Dc liu %A Du) "i)i %oPn cet nh9 ,hi kh. tiG, tFc cho n"hiMn nh9 tron" cc thu Mn tn h) tron" cc m n"hiMn 333 r6i cho Du) r8 tu[ mFc %bch 1 cch sE dFn" thuc3 ]t th2t nh9 %L ch$) cc bnh X ni!m mPc m'i. met s d'n" d8 c} l| >.>gx>.>` mm3 ]t to hn d'n" %e, n"oi h) chG cc dPn" thuc khc: hAm nOu c)o :) c5 thL chG bt cH) mt loPi h) bt h|n h, cH) nhiMu loPi dc liu3 4Gu ln" thuc sE dFn" bt d<i g "r)m t) n!n trn th!m t dc cTn" X dPn" bt3 hi thuc c5 m'i 1/ kh5 ch/u. 12t nui khn" ch/u Jn. ,hi d@) 1o %nc %iLm cH) t7n" loPi %n" 12t m th!m t dc3 C3 Rm 1i!n :u[ %n" 12t nui. c5 thL lm 1i!n to honc nh93 DPn" thuc 1i!n th0n" b)o "i0 cTn" cho th!m t dc3 g3 Rm 1i!n b_n" ,hn" ,h, lec thIn" (1i!n tr-n+ C8 l mt ,hn" ,h, thH cn" c5 tbnh %c %o tron" bo chG %n" 3 4"u !n tec cH) ,hn" ,h, lec thIn" l d'n" n<c h) n<c thuc loAn" 1 bt "8 mt nh8n nh9 "i l con 1i!n s)u %5 cho bt thuc b)o d&n 1o Uun" Du)nh cho t<i m#c % !u c&u3 jhn" ,h, n th0n" , dFn" 1<i nh$n" loPi thuc khn" c5 %0n". m2t h) bt %0n" m2t ABng cB cCn th 7t cho phD5ng php l:c thng DFn" cF n"hiMn tn thuc. r8 cc c} 46i %L nOu h) c c)o :hIn" lec b_n" "i)n" h) c2t tr*. tt nhOt l thIn" nhm3 h) m*n. ch2u m*n. %6 %@n" bt thuc. 1i!n thuc. chBi DuWt "in" nh chiGc bIt ln" to d'n" %L 1d n<c 1o 1i!n tron" Du trnh lec thIn"3
chuEn bF nguyGn l Hu l1! ' Gn 4h$n" 1/ thuc no c5 thL nOu thnh c)o loAn" th nOu %L lm chOt dbnh3 K/ no c5 thL chG thnh c)o kh h) mMm %*m nOu %L tJn" chOt. "im ln" 1i!n3 K/ no tn thnh bt c&n tn th2t nh9. m/n3 4Gu tron" %n khn" c5 1/ thuc no %L nOu c)o l9n". dbnh %c th m<i c&n d'n" th!m t dc dbnh3 : %c cho th!m c5 tc dFn" %m (cho d lm 1i!n+ honc kbch thbch ti!u ho3 K<i ln 1 ch5 c5 thL sE dFn" t dc c5 c ` tc dFn" n 3 :ron" khi d'n" t dc %L kbch thbch s@ n"on min" t) ,hi chI N %Gn cc %nc %iLm cH) t7n" loPi "i) sIc3 Kb dF: 1<i ch5. ln d'n" chOt n"t nh %0n" m2t3 K<i n"@) d'n" chOt %en" mnn h) mui khon"3 :r8u b- d'n" chOt mnn h) chu) mnn3 Rn" t dc cho 1o 17) ,hi. th0n" tron" cc %n thuc khn" "hi r; khi ln" cF thL3 :) ,hi d@ %/nh cho thbch h,3 :ron" %n thuc th0n" "hi kN hiu cho t dc l G3V3 ("u)ntum s)tis+ c5 n"hv) l c&n b)o nhi!u lO b_n" O 3 kch lm: V)u khi %A chun b/ n"u !n liu Uon". bet %&u lm 1i!n3 iu trnh lm 1i!n "6m s "i)i %oPn: "8 1i!n con. tPo 1i!n 1 b)o 1i!n3 x G8 1i!n con: k# ` k" thuc bt. d'n" khon" s>" bt cho 1o ch2u m*n s)u %5 cho t7 t7 chOt dbnh (c)o loAn" h) h6 tinh bt+ trn cho %Gn khi bt <t %Mu (kh9)n" h> ml chOt dbnh+3 V)u %5 %) bt l!n sn" c5 l| khon" g mm. st cho bt ri thnh cc hPt nh9 1o thIn". lec thIn" nh cho 1i!n thuc tr-n chP %Mu tron" thIn"3 D'n" chBi ln" nhIn" 1o n<c dbnh DuWt %Mu l!n thIn" lec thIn" cho hPt trt %Mu l!n n<c 1 thOm %Mu 1o hPt3 k# s)u gx` ,hIt lPi DuWt n<c dbnh g l&n3 RO th) c)nh dec %Mu khon" g" thuc bt3 Dec th2t %Mu l!n hPt %L bt thOm %Mu tr!n bM mnt hPt tPo thnh mt l<, m9n". 1i ,hIt s)u lPi dec bt 1 lec nh tr!n3 C s> ,hIt. s)u khi con 1i!n %A %H to. d'n" sn" s mm %L loPi nh$n" hPt Du nh93 x Rm 1i!n chbnh th#c:
4h$n" hPt to c-n lPi tr!n sn" smm cho 1o thIn" lec. s)u 1i ,hIt lPi cho th!m c)o thuc (n<c dbnh+ 1 bt thuc 1o lec. c# tiG, tFc lm nh tr!n hPt thuc s to d&n3 aPt cn" to th ln" n<c 1 bt thuc cho 1o m|i l&n lec cn" nhiMu l!n3 V)u 1i l&n lec t) lPi sn" cc hPt nh9 r) %L lec th!m cho c5 kbch th<c b_n" hPt to tr!n sn"3 hi 1i!n %H kbch th<c !u c&u c&n sn" Du) sn" %L 1i!n thuc c5 kbch th<c khn" ch!nh lch nh)u Du nhiMu3 bch th<c cH) 1i!n thuc: :h0n" %i 1.g Q >.q "r3 K.g Q >.s "r3 x ])o 1i!n: hi 1i!n thuc %A c5 kbch th<c nh N. %) sO h) ,hi kh %Pt % m cho ,hW,3 V)u %5 s tiGn hnh b)o lPi %L "i$ hn" 1/ 1 chn" m "iI, cho 1ic bo Dun3 Kic b)o 1i!n c-n lm chi thuc c5 hnh th#c %, hn3 khOt d'n" b)o thuc 1i!n c5 thL l hoPt thPch. chu s). th&u s). h) nh$n" dc liu %A chn lm t dc %*m nOu thnh c)o nh n"i c#u. kim )nh honc mt loPi bt thuc m/n nh bt hoi sn3 K<i thuc 1i!n mun c5 tc dFn" X rut. trnh s@ ,h hup cH) d/ch 1/. c&n b)o n5 b_n" k*r)tin honc s)lol3 Cn" tc b)o 1i!n cTn" "in" %n" tc lec thIn"3 V)u khi b)o Uon". c&n %*m ,hi ,hi h) sO kh lPi mt l&n n$)3 `3 :ron" %iMu kin c5 m d2, 1i!n :h0n" loPi 1i!n n , dFn" X cc UXn" bo chG. c Du)n n"hi!n c#u. sn UuOt hn" loPt3 :huc %c nWn d<i dPn" 1i!n %v) honc 1i!n tr-n 1<i mt s t dc thuc loPi k*o dbnh3 jhn" ,h, n %c tiGn hnh nh s)u: D2, 1i!n %v): 4h 1i!n ]*rb*rin. j)nm)tin. Ys,irin. t mc. Uu !n t8m li!n333hin %)n" bn tr!n th/ tr0n"3 :r<c hGt t) ,hi chun b/ n"u !n liu. n"hiMn thuc thnh bt m/n. chun b/ t dc3 k5 thL d'n" bt nG, h) cc bt dbnh khc3
: dc th0n" d'n" t7 gqx`> ? s ln" bt thuc 1 d'n" n5 X thL k*o kh3 bch th<c m|i 1i!n tu[ t7n" loPi m . th0n" m|i 1i!n nnn" >.q "r trX Uun"3 I Gn trJn :7 nh$n" mnh nh9 n5i tr!n lm hPt "8 con 1i!n. t) cho 1o mt 1o 1i!n. m n %c ni 1<i mt h thn" Du) 3 hi m 1o 1i!n Du) th cc con 1i!n cTn" Du) 1-n". th*o 1-n" Du) cH) m 3 :ron" Du trnh Du) t) cho th!m bt n"u !n liu lm thuc 1 ,hun th!m n<c 1<i mt tp l thbch h,3 V)u mt th0i "i)n Du) t) c5 nh$n" 1i!n thuc tr-n. m/n. chec. %) r) ,hi honc sO kh %*m bo Dun chu %o3 kc dPn" 1i!n khc khG 1i!n dPn" ltr#n"m honc l%Pnm3 C8 l loPi thuc d'n" cho cc c Du)n %c ch* ,hH bXi ni!m mPc: tE cun". 8m %Po. tr@c trn"333 Kb dF: thuc %Pn %nt 1o %0n" sinh dFc ci. ch$) 1i!m 8m %Po. 1i!m tE cun"3 Cnt 1o tr@c trn". h2u mn %L kbch thbch %nh trun" tin. loPi tr7 cc khb %c khi b/ ch<n" bFn" %& hi3 CL %iMu chG loPi n . n"0i t) th0n" d'n" dc liu X dPn" tinh chG honc hoPt chOt n"u !n3 Dc liu %c n"hiMn nh9. m/n. cn" th!m mt s chOt k*o mMm. d t)n X nhit % cH) c thL nh "*l)tin. 1)olin3 ]o Dun thuc tron" tH lPnh h) ni mt m3 hi d'n" ch c&n %nt 1o ni %iMu tr/3 KI3 cc dPn" khc g3 4"8m ru C8 l dPn" thuc rOt h) d'n" 1 c5 nhiMu dc liu nGu ch d'n" ,hn" ,h, sec. n"8m n<c s khn" lO hGt %c hoPt chOt. do 12 ,hi d'n" ru %L chiGt hoPt chOt %5 r). sE dFn"3 Sun n"8m ru 1/ thuc ,hi %c n"hiMn nh9 honc cet lt. lt cet cn" to th0i "i)n n"8m cn" l8u3 V)u khi %B ru n"2, thuc. n"8m3 jhn" ,h, ,hi h, k5 thL chG biGn Du) c mO dPn": n"8m n<c. sec. n"8m r@u r6i trn c mO
dPn" n 1<i nh)u (1 % ho t)n cH) cc hoPt chOt cH) 1/ thuc tron" cc dun" mi khc nh)u s khc nh)u+3 K<i thuc tho mc. %L kh)i thc trit %L hoPt chOt. chIn" t) ,hi ,hi h, nh tr!n3 ]_n" ,hn" ,h, ,hi h, n s)u khi chiGt UuOt Uon". trn %Mu cc dun" mi lPi. s %c cc dPn" thuc tron" honc %Fc len" cnn3 Do %5. khi k! %n thuc c&n "hi r; lkhi d'n" ,hi lec kzm3 4"u !n tec c&n ,hi nem tron" ,hn" ,h, chG biGn x ao t)n nh$n" chOt d ho t)n tr<c. s)u %5 m<i %Gn nh$n" chOt kh5 ho t)n3 x St s dc liu c5 tc dFn" mPnh ,hi ho t)n tr<c. d' n5 l 1/ thuc d ho t)n h) kh5 ho t)n3 x hi trn nh$n" thuc ru 1<i cc dun" d/ch n<c ,hi r5t ch2m. khuO %Mu. %L khn" "8 hin tn" 1n %Fc3 `3 4hT d/ch R dPn" thuc m thnh ,h&n cH) n5 "6m c5 ` chOt l9n" khn" ho t)n ldn 1o nh)u X %iMu kin bnh th0n"3 Do 12 khi mun ho t)n ` chOt tr!n ,hi c5 nh$n" chOt trun" "i)n3 khOt n "i l chOt nhT ho3 khOt nhT ho "6m s nh5m l<n x khOt nhT ho t@ nhi!n: cc h dr)t c)cbon "6m: )r)bic. )dr)")nt. ,*ctin. tinh bt. thPch. cc Yn"in)t. cc chOt nh& . s),onin. "*l)tin. ,rot*nin3 x khOt nhT ho tBn" h, honc bn tBn" h, nh cc chOt nhT ho %in hoPt )nion. U ,h-n". chOt %in hoPt s)tion. chOt %in hoPt khn" ion ho333 x kc chOt nhT ho ren X dPn" hPt nh9 b*ntonit3 :ron" th@c tG l8m sn" thI cTn" rOt h) d'n" dPn" n 3 :huc chG X dPn" n "6m g>? d&u. q? chOt chun" "i)n 1 =q? n<c3 X mt s hPt c8 chG biGn khn" c&n chOt trun" 1 1)i tr- dbnh kGt %A c5 tron" d&u cH) hPt r6i3 jhn" ,h, tiGn hnh jhn" ,h, thH cn": c5 mt s ,hn" ,h, s)u x k8n chOt trun" "i)n Uon". cho 1o bnh th!m d&u 1o. khuO %o %Mu. mPnh.
li!n tFc cho %Gn khi c5 mt dPn" dun" d/ch %6n" nhOt r6i m<i cho d&n d&n n<c 1o3 RIc %&u 1i b) "it. khuO ki!n tFc. s)u cho ln" n<c nhiMu hn mt bt 1dn khuO li!n tFc3 Rn" n<c cho 1o tJn" d&n l!n %Gn hGt 1 1dn li!n tFc khuO %Mu3 x khOt trun" "i)n trn ldn 1<i g.q ln" n<c r6i cho d&u 1o khuO %o %Mu3 x kho mt ln" d&u 1 n<c tn" %n" trn lec th2t %Mu3 V)u %5 th!m chOt trun" "i)n. tiG, tFc khuO %Mu. mPnh. li!n tFc3 Kxgq ,hIt3 aPt trn" nX mMm r). 1<t hPt b9 1o ci "iA. n"hiMn nh9 r6i cho n<c 1o 1 Q q> microm*t n!n khn" bMn 1$n" l8u3 :ron" cc ,h-n" bo chG hin %Pi h) Du m sn UuOt cn" n"hi, th0n" d'n" cc loPi m khuO trn honc ci U) kWo honc m nWn W,. %L thu %c nhT tn" c5 % ,h8n tn c)o. 1$n" bMn hn3 kc loPi m n "i l m %6n" nhOt ho (homo"*nis*ur+3 hi co h|n h, %*m chG nhT tn" honc cc nhT tn" c-n th. chP Du) cc loPi m n . s thu %c nhT tn" %Pi % ,h8n tn 1 %6n" nhOt rOt c)o rOt 1$n" bMn3 DPn" thuc nhT d/ch h) d'n" nhiMu %L un" honc c5 thL bi n"oi3 s3 k)o thuc )+ hi nim k)o thuc chbnh l cc chG ,hm %iMu chG b_n" cch c %Gn mt %2m % nhOt %/nh cc d/ch chiGt thu %c t7 dc liu: th@c 12t. %n" 12t kh h) ti 1<i cc dun" mi thbch h, nh c6n. *th*r. n<c333 :h@c r). c)o thuc l nh$n" d/ch chiGt tho mc (thuc sec+ %A %c c %nc. nh_m loPi b<t mt ,h&n h) ton b dun" mi %L %Pt %Gn mt thL chOt nhOt %/nh3 k)o thuc c5 %nc %iLm l c5 thL ch#) nh$n" chOt m ri!n" n5 khn" t)n tron"
dun" mi d'n" %L chiGt. nhn" khi c5 mnt nh$n" chOt khc tron" c5 dc liu th c5 thL t)n %c3 Do Du trnh c d<i tc dFn" cH) s#c n5n". mt ,h&n hoPt chOt tron" dx c liu c5 thL b/ thup ,h8n3 4hn" lPi c5 mt s h, chOt m<i %c hnh thnh3 K 12 thnh ,h&n cH) c)o thuc c5 thL hi khc 1<i thnh ,h&n cH) dc lii d'n" %L %iMu chG c)o3 k)o thuc th0n" c5 tc dFn" %& %H 1 d sE dFn" hn hoPt chOt d> nJm tr<c kn" n"u !n+ 1 mnc d' n" n) n"0i t) %A ,h8n l2, rOt nhiMu hoPt chOt t7 cc dc liu. nhn" cc c)o thuc 1 cc chG ,hm %iMu chG t7 c)o thuc 1dn c-n chiGm mt %/) 1/ Du)n trn" tron" th@c hnh bo chG3 jh8n loPi c)o thuc: c5 nhiMu cch ,h8n loPi c)o3 D@) tr!n thL chOt cH) c)o: c)o l9n". c)o %nc. c)o mMm 1 c)o kh3 k)o l9n" c5 thL chOt "&n nh Uir. c5 thL r5t ch d dn"3 k)o %nc ch#) khon" `> Q `q ? n<c3 k)o mMm c5 thL chOt "&n nh ko "m. ch#) rOt bt n<c3 k)o kh ch#) ti %) q ? n<c. c5 thL tn thnh bt d dn"3 D@) tr!n dun" mi: k5 thL ,h8n loPi c)o thuc thnh c)o n<c (c)o c)m tho. c)o %Pi hon"+. c)o c6n (c)o l9n" mA tiMn. c)o l9n" ]*ll)don+. c)o *th*r. c)o n<c c6n. c)o chloroorm3 k5 thL ,h8n loPi th*o kz thu2t chiGt: n"8m lPnh. n"8m kit333 b+ z thu2t %iMu chG Dc liu tho mc d'n" %L chG c)o th0n" X dPn" kh. bt X dPn" ti3 K 12 khi chiGt. % m cH) dc liu c-n d<i q? %L kh9i lm loAn" dun" mi. nh hXn" %Gn hiu suOt chiGt 1 chOt ln" thnh ,hm3 4Gu d'n" dc liu ti. tr<c khi bJm nh9 1 chiGt UuOt ,hi dit cc *nim c5 X dc liu3 :r<c khi chiGt. dc liu c&n chi) %Gn % nh9 thbch h, tu[ th*o tbnh chOt. dun" mi d'n" %L chiGt3 Dc liu Kit 4)m Du %/nh c5 thL chi) dc liu %Gn bt th (c8
s `=+. th 17) (r8 s `h+. m/n 17) (r8 s `^+. honc m/n (r8 s `s+3 khn dun" mi ,hi ,hF thuc 1o tbnh chOt cH) dc liu. cH) hoPt chOt 1 tP, chOt c5 tron" dc liu3 c!u c&u cH) dun" mi l ,hi chiGt %c nhiMu hoPt chOt nhOt 1 chiGt %c bt tP, chOt nhOt3 CL %Pt %c %iMu n %i khi ,hi ,hi h, nhiMu loPi dun" mi3 CiMu %n" chI N l ch n!n d'n" mt ln" dun" mi ti thiLu c&n thiGt %L chiGt dc liu. trnh kWo di th0i "i)n c %nc s)u n 3 Rn" dun" mi d'n" th0n" "O, hxg` l&n ln" dc liu3 :u[ th*o bn chOt cH) dun" mi. chn ,hn" ,h, chiGt suOt thbch h,3 4Gu chn dun" mi l n<c tu[ th*o tbnh chOt cH) dc liu chn mt tron" cc ,hn" ,h, chiGt suOt s)u %8 : n"8m lPnh. hAm. sec. h&m. n"8m nh9 "it3 a) d'n" nhOt l n"8m lPnh h) hAm3 :h0n" d'n" ,hn" ,h, n"8m lPnh cet %oPn ` l&n3 Rn" dun" mi c5 thL "O, = xg` l&n ln" dc liu3 R&n n"8m th# nhOt c&n `s ln" dun" mi. th0i "i)n n"8m t7 g`x^= "i0 tu[ th*o dc liu (c)m tho g` "i0. %Pi hon" ^= "i0. c)nh kin) khn" n!n n"8m Du ^= "i0 1 tron" mi tr0n" n<c 1i khun. nOm mc d ,ht triLn+3 V)u khi n"8m. "Pn lO d/ch tron" 1 W, bA3 4<c n"8m %L len" cnn X nhit % thO, `^x ^= "i03 R&n ` %| hGt ln" dun" mi c-n lPi 1o n"8m tiG, g` "i0 n$)3 GPn lO n<c n"8m %L len" cPn3 V)u %5 lc loPi tH). trn ldn c ` loPi n<c n"8m %5. tiGn hnh c %nc %Gn thL chOt mun c53 :r<c khi c. c5 thL %un si n<c n"8m %L loPi tP, chOt nh Ylbumin. ,rot*in (c)o c)m tho. c)o %Pi hon"+ honc c d/ch chiGt c-n g`xg^ thL tbch bn %&u r6i cho th!m c6n %L tH) cc h, chOt khn" t)n tron" c6n. %L lnn" cnn. lc loPi cnn. r6i tiG, tFc c %Gn thL tbch c&n mun3 jhn" ,h, hAm %c d'n" %L chG c)o thuc t7 cc dc liu c5 thL chOt m9n" m)nh: ho). l333 1<i dun" mi n<c3 4Gu dun" mi l c6n n"8m nh9 "it l ,hn" ,h, tt nhOt. c5 u %iLm l cho ,h&n d/ch chiGt %&u ti!n rOt %2m %nc. t2, trun" %c ,h&n l<n hoPt chOt. ,h&n n th7n" %c %L ri!n" 1 khn" lm bc hi tron" dun" mi h) rOt bt %L hPn chG tc hPi cH) nhit % %i 1<i hoPt chOt3 RoPi tP, chOt
D/ch chiGt thu %c th0n" ch#) nhiMu tP, chOt nh chOt nh& . )lbumin. tinh bt. "m333 (nGu dun" mi l n<c+. chOt bWo. nh@) (nGu dun" mi l c6n. *th*r+ cc chOt n lm thuc d b/ l!n m*n. hi khWt. tron" Du trnh bo Dun3 K 12 tr<c khi c %nc c&n ,hi tiGn hnh loPi tP, chOt3 x Rm 15n cc chOt nh& . "6m. )lbimin333 b_n" cch %un si 1 c %nc %Gn g` x g^ thL tbch b)n %&u. r6i %L len" ` honc s n" X chB mt. "Pn lc3 x Rm tH) h, chOt 1<i c6n3 D/ch chiGt %A c %nc b_n" nE) ln" b)n %&u. th!m gxs thL tbch c6n 1o %L len" qxh n" X ni mt. s)u %5 "Pn lc3 k-n cc chOt nh@) ho t)n tron" d/ch chiGt %c loPi %i b_n" *th*r. *t lic3 fth*r d&u ho. ,)r)in3 kTn" c %nc d/ch chiGt %Gn g`x^ thL tbch b)n %&u r6i ho t)n ,)r)in tron" d/ch chiGt n5n" %A c %nc. lec kz. %L n"ui. ,)r)in kWo th*o tP, chOt nBi l!n mnt khi n"ui. tPo thnh mn" c#n" c5 thL loPi kh9i d/ch chiGt mt cch d dn"3 X Dui m l<n c5 thL d'n" m lc. W, li t8m %L lc tron" 1 loPi tP, chOt r) kh9i d/ch chiGt3 k %nc: CL c)o thuc c5 thL chOt nhOt %/nh (c)o mMm. %nc 1 kh+ c&n tiGn hnh c %nc d/ch chiGt khi %A %c loPi tP, chOt3 CL chG ,h&m "i$ %c m'i thm. d t)n 1 trnh lm biGn ,hm chOt hoPt chOt khi tiGn hnh c %nc. c&n chI N cc %iMu kin s)u thnh ,h&n ho hc 1 hoPt chOt cH) thuc (c sX kho) hc hin %Pi %L U*m UWt tc dFn" dc lN cH) 1/ thuc+ %Pi cn" gx aoPt chOt hi UWt tc dFn" cH) mt 1/ thuc kho) hc hin %Pi cJn c# chH Gu 1o thnh ,h&n ho hc cH) n53 4"hv) l tm U*m tron" 1/ thuc %5 c5 nh$n" chOt " :c dFn" cH) nh$n" chOt %5 tron" c thL cH) sIc 12t 1 n"0i r) s)o :h@c r). tron" s rOt nhiMu chOt do c8 tPo r). khn" ,hi tOt c chIn" %Mu %c nh kho) hc Du)n t8m %Gn3 ki chH Gu thu hIt s@ Du)n t8m %&u ti!n l hoPt chOt3
4"hv) l cc chOt c5 tc dFn" dc lN n!n c5 #n" dFn" tron" %iMu tr/3 :ron" dc liu. hoPt chOt t6n tPi tron" cc nh5m chOt ho hc rOt khc nh)u3 k5 thL l nh$n" chOt ri!n" bit. nh )nc)loit. "lucoit333 honc l nh$n" h|n h, ,h#c tP, nh tinh d&u. nh@)333 :h0n" hoPt chOt khn" ,hi l cc chOt c bn c5 1)i tr- chH Gu Du Gt %/nh cc hin tn" sn" cH) c8 3 4"0i t) UG, chIn" 1o cc chOt th# cO,3 K)i tr- cH) chIn". tron" chu Ln d/ch ho th@c 12t bt bn t<i3 :ron" 1/ thuc. tu[ mFc %bch.1)i tr- cH) hoPt chOt m chi) r)
6
aoPt chOt chbnh Q nh5m chOt Du Gt %/nh tc dFn" dc lN cH) 1/ thuc3 4Gu aoPt chOt ,hF Q nh5m chOt c5 tc dFn" lm "im %c tbnh cH) 1/ thuc h) :ron" mt 1/ thuc hoPt chOt chbnh h) hoPt chOt ,hF c5 thL %Bi ch| cho
hm ln" c)o. tc dFn" dc lN mPnh 1 n"c lPi3

6
tc dFn" hi, %6n" honc %i l2, 1<i hoPt chOt chbnh3

6
nh)u tu[ mFc %bch %iMu tr/3 :c dFn" dc lN cH) hoPt chOt chbnh khn" thL th) thG cho tc dFn" cH) n<c sec 1/ thuc %c3 :c dFn" cH) dc liu khn" b)o "i0 %c Dui hen 1M mt thnh ,h&n hoPt chOt chbnh3 ]Xi 1. n"oi cc hoPt chOt chbnh. c-n c5 nh$n" chOt l,hFm. lm nh hXn" %Gn tc dFn" dc lN cH) hoPt chOt chbnh3 iuinin khn" ,hi b)o "i0 cTn" th) thG %c 19 c)nhxkixn)3 :)nin tron" hPt c)u. lm tJn" tc dFn" t sn cH) )r*colin3 :)nin lm tJn" tc dFn" cH) cc )n)cloit tron" 19 r l@u333 YUbt m*conic. chOt nh& 1 ,*ctin tron" thuc ,hin lm tc dFn" "im %)u cH) mor,hin U r) mt cch t7 t7 1 k{o di3 :ron" n<c hAm ch{. c)t*chin 1 t)nin lm cho tc dFn" cH) c)*in %} ") "et 1 kWo di hn3 Ci khi tc dFn" dc lN cH) h)t chOt chbnh 1 chOt ,hF lPi %i l2, th@c s@ 1<i nh)u3 Kb dF nh cc ddn UuOt )nthr)U*n 1 t)nin cH) %Pi hon". t)nin 1 cc )nc)loit tron" nhiMu loPi dc liu3 4h 12 . tc dFn" dc lN cH) mt dc liu b)o "i0 cTn" ,h#c tP, 1 c5 s@ th)m "i) cH) nhiMu thnh ,h&n khc3 `x khOt %n
4"oi nh$n" 1On %M chH Gu t2, trun" s@ chI N cH) cc nh dc liu hc nh tr!n3 Do 1ic ton c&u ho n!n bun bn dc liu. nhOt dc liu DuN hiGm n" cn" kh5 khJn do tnh trPn" "i mPo. n!n t) cTn" c&n Du)n t8m hn %Gn cc chOt %n3 4h$n" chOt n tu khn" c5 tc dFn" dc lN. nhn" lPi "iI, tron" cn" tc kiLm n"him dc liu3 X c@) loA mPch c5 )nthr)Duinol. X b*nl)don c5 cum)nrin. X Pi hon" c5 "lucoit ,ht r) hu[nh Du)n" l r),ontricoit3
:hnh ,h&n ho hc cH) dc liu :hnh ,h&n ho hc cH) dc liu c5 thL chi) lm ` nh5m: 4h5m nh$n" chOt 1 c 1 nh5m nh$n" chOt h$u c3 k ` nh5m %Mu "n, tron" cc 1/ thuc %n" 12t h) th@c 12t3 4h$n" thuc c5 n"u6n "c khon" 12t: hoPt thPch. chu s). l c)m thPch333 khH Gu ch ch#) nh$n" chOt thuc nh5m 1 c3 4h5m cc chOt 1 c d'n" lm thuc tn" %i bt 1 tc dFn" dc lN cH) chIn" cTn" rOt %) dPn"3 ho) hc hin n) ch) ,h8n tbch %c hGt cc chOt c5 tron" c8 h) %n" 12t lm thuc3 Do %5 nhiMu khi cTn" ch) "ii thbch %c tc dFn" cH) mi th# thuc m ch) n" 1dn d'n"3 4h5m nh$n" chOt 1 c :ron" dc liu cc n"u !n t: k. a. 1 4 chiGm t<i yq? n"u !n liu kh3 4"oi r) tu[ th*o th# t@ Du)n tr n". c5 t7 nhiMu %Gn bt. n"0i t) tm thO cc n"u !n t s)u %8 : kim: kl. j. V 1 1Gt nhTn" n"u !n t ]. . I. ]r. Ys333 im loPi: k). . 4). S". Vi 1 1Gt nh$n" n"u !n t Yl. *. Sn. :i. S*. :u. V*. Kr. Ri. K). 4i 1 ks333 :huc c5 n"u6n "c %n" 12t: c)o hB ct. b)n lon". tr n. ren3333 am ln" c)nUi,hot,h)t chiGm q> Q h>?. c)nUic)rbon)t chiGm g?3 4hn chun". c)o chG t7 Ux n" %n" 12t hm ln" c)nUi,hot,h)t chiGm ,h&n chH Gu3 kc n"u !n t c5 tron" c8 t6n tPi X nhiMu dPn" khc nh)u
2 2
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X cc c8 cTn" h th@c 12t h) ch#) cc )nc)loit "&n nh)u 1M cOu tPo3 Kb dF: mt s c8 tron" h c (sol)n)c*)*+ nh )tro,) b*ll)don) 1 )tro,) d)tur) %Mu c5 nh8n chun" , rol 1 , ridin %#n" r0i h) kGt h, 1<i nh)u (nh8n tro,)n+3 kTn" c5 khi ` c8 rOt "&n nh)u 1M h th@c 12t. nhn" c5 c8 ch#) )nc)loit. c-n c8 ki) khn" ch#) honc c5 ch#) th lPi l nh$n" )nc)loit rOt khc nh)u3 Kb dF nh c ,h!. i,*c) 1 c)nhkin) %Mu thuc h c ,h! nhn" lPi ch#) nh$n" )nc)loit rOt khc nh)u3 :ri lPi mt )nc)loit c5 thL "n, X nhiMu c8 thuc h khc nh)u nh c),h*in c5 tron" o c8 : ch{. c c). c ,h!u *,h*drin tron" m) hon" (h "n*t)c*r*+ 1 c8 t)Uusb)c*)t* (h t)U)c*)*+. sid)cordooli) (h m)l1)c*)*+u S. $6 t#o th1nh cc ancalo t trong cy C8 l mt 1On %M Du)n trn"3 :7 nh2n UWt nh$n" )nc)loit c5 tron" cTn" mt c8 th0n" c5 c'n" mt cOu trIc
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ka`xka ka`xka `3kas k` m*t l)min orm)ld h d di)d*h d sucUinic
a`4xka`x ka`x ka`xkaxka à3ka
Di)d*h d sucUinic lPi kGt h, 1<i m*t l)min %L %5n" 1-n" cho nh8n , rolidin: a ka` Q ka kasx4a` ka` Q ka ka` Q ka a 43S*t l dih droU `xq, rolidin khOt m<i tPo thnh kGt h, 1<i )Uit )U*ton dic)rbonic %L cho nh2n tro,)n ka a ka` Q ka 4x kas ka` Q ka a ka`xka ka`xkaxka ka V)u %5 %un n5n" 1 h dro*ni ho s %c tr*,)nol ka ka`xkaxka 4xkas ka`xkaxka ka k a` ka`xkaxka` 4xkas kaa `k` ka`xkaxka` k 4xkas k à` ka`xka ka`xkaxka ka` Q ka 4x kas
tro,)nol kGt h, 1<i )Uit tro,ic %L cho )tro,in: ka`xkaxka` 4xkas a` ka`xkaxka ka`xkaxka` Ytro,in 4h$n" )nc)loit m<i tPo thnh lIc %&u n_m X cc b ,h2n %)n" ,ht triLn cH) c8 . l. ch6i. m&mu Kb dF nh sol)nin c5 X tron" m&m non cH) cH kho)i t8 nGu n"0i 1 "i) sIc Jn ,hi d chGt do n" %c3 KM s)u chu Ln r) cc tB ch#c b!n n"oi3 wOt bt khi thO )nc)loit tron" nhu m rut h) tron" nh$n" tG bo ,hF cH) mPch c8 (lib*+3 4"0i t) th0n" "n, )nc)loit tron" 19 hPt 1 tron" nhT d/ch3 :ron" c8 . )nc)loit th0n" X tron" tG bo d<i dPn" mui (bt khi thO X thL t@ do. )nc)loit l kiLm th@c 12t n!n th0n" kGt h, 1<i cc )Uit 1 c h) h$u c. nh )Uit citric. t)rtric. t)nicu bt khi "n, n5 kGt h, 1<i )Uit )U*tic. sunuric. ,hot,horic. l)ctic. U )nh dric3 St s c8 . )nc)loit lPi kGt h, 1<i )Uit %nc bit cH) chbnh mnh nh iuiric tron" c)nhkin). m*conic tron" thuc ,hin. tro,ic tron" h cu am ln" )Uit tron" th@c 12t th0n" khn" nhOt %/nh. k5 khi ch c5 mO ,h&n 1Pn. h) gx`?. th2m rOt nhiMu nh )nc)loit X c)nhkin). thuc ,hin t?3 :ron" th@c 12t. tp l )Uit cTn" th) %Bi tu[ th*o %iMu kin sn"3 45 ,hF thuc 1o khb h2u. nh sn". chOt %Ot. ,h8n b5n. "in" c8 . b ,h2n thu hi 1 th0i k[ thu hi3 K 12 %i 1<i m|i dc liu c&n ,hi n"hi!n c#u kz cch tr6n". thu hi. bo Dun thG no %L c5 hoPt chOt c)o nhOt 1 tt nhOt3 5. TTnh ch=t c<a ancalo t )+ RN tbnh 45i chun" )nc)loit l nh$n" chOt c5 khi ln" ,h8n tE c)o3 4hn" )nc)loit khn" c5 oU th cOu tPo b_n" k. a. 4 nh nicotin k`>ag^4`. nhit % th0n" h) X dPn" l9n". c5 m'i. b) hi %c. d t)n tron" n<c 1 cOt kWo %c b_n" hi3 k-n nh$n" )nc)loit c5 oU tron" ,h8n tE: mor,hin kgoagys4. cod*in kg=ag`s4. )tro,in kx ka`xkaxka` kaa akxkaxkqaq 4xka s kaxkxkaxkhaq
go
a`ss4 th0n" %nc X nhit % th0n". h&u nh khn" t)n tron" n<c. ch t)n tron" cc
dun" mi h$u c. khn" m'i. 1/ %en" c5 thL kGt tinh %c 1 khn" cet kWo %c b_n" hi n<c3 :r7 mt 1i )nc)loit cTn" khn" m)n" oU tron" ,h8n tE nhn" lPi %nc X nhit % th0n" nh s*m,*r1irdin kgyagh4` lO t7 "*lo*ninm s*m,*r1ir*us3 4"c lPi mt 1i tr0n" h, %nc bit cH) )nc)loit c5 m)n" oU nhn" 1dn X thL l9n" nh ,iloc)r,in kggagh`4ù kc )nc)loit b) khn" t)n tron" n<c. d t)n tron" cc dun" mi h$u c: c6n. *th*r. chloroorm. )U*t)t *t lu loPi mui )nc)loit lPi d t)n tron" n<c. khn" t)n tron" cc dun" mi h$u c3 C) s cc )nc)loit 1 mui cH) n5 %Mu khn" mu. tr7 mt 1i chOt c5 mu nh b*cb*rin (mu 1n"+ tron" c8 hon" li!n. sin),in. h)rm)lin3 jh&n l<n cc )nc)loit c5 kh nJn" Du)n" hc. th0n" t tu Mn. tr7 mO th# h$u tu Mn nh cicutin. ,iloc)r,inu mt s khc khn" c5 tc dFn" 1<i nh sn" ,h8n c@c nh: ,i,*rin. ,),)1*in. m)cU*in. )tro,inu h nJn" Du) c@c cH) cc )nc)loit c-n th) %Bi tu[ th*o dun" mi ho t)n n53 kc )nc)loit Du) c@c l do cOu tPo ,h8n tE cH) n5 c5 ch#) c)cbon bOt %i U#n"3 b+ ao tbnh Ync)loit c5 tbnh kiMm: :Ot c cc )nc)loit %Mu c5 tbnh kiMm3 k5 mt s c-n c5 tc dFn" nh mt kiMm mPnh lm U)nh "iO Du[: cucutin. nicotin. %) s cc )nc)loit c5 tc dFn" nh mt kiMm Gu: c),h*rin. ,i,*rin. ,iloc)r,inu x X dPn" mui. cc )nc)loit tn" %i bMn 1$n" hn3 Ync)loit c5 thL cho kGt tH) 1?3
YUit ,icric Ync)loit c5 thL cho ,hn #n" mu 1 ml a`V^ %2m %nc 1 "it a4s %2m %nc+ a`V^ bt %0n"3 a`V^ Sol ,d)t n)tri g?3 j*rsun)t 4a^3 a`V^ K)n*d)t 4a^ g `>>3 a`V^ V*cl*nit n)tri3 a`V^ g? K)nillin3 a`V^ wuthn)t n)tri3 a`V^ `? romon3 a`V^ bicrom)t k)li3 kc thuc thE mu n %Mu l mi tr0n" )Uit3 Ci khi thuc thE mu %A l mt
11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11
)Uit mPnh3 K cc )nc)loit cho ,hn #n" mu 1 ,hn #n" kGt tH) khn" %nc trn" n!n mun Uc %/nh chbnh Uc h) khi %/nh tbnh mt loPi )nc)loit no %5 th ,hi %6n" th0i lm 1<i nhiMu loPi ,hn #n". c kGt tH) 1 ,hn #n" mu r6i lO kGt Du so 1<i bn" in sn3 h3 :m )nc)loit tron" th@c 12t : ]_n" cc ,hn #n" ho hc tr!n. chIn" t) c5 thL ,ht hin %c )nc)loit tron" dc liu. %6n" th0i cTn" c5 thL %/nh ln" %c n5 n$)3 V)u %8 Uin "i<i thiu mt s ,hn" ,h, %n "in cH) cc hc "i Ri!n \ d'n" %L kiLm tr) tPi c8 thuc X n"oi 10n. n"oi %6n" 1 "i l ,hn" ,h, ln"oi %6n"m3 jhn" ,h, thm UuOt: cho l non 1o tron" n" n"him. n"2, tron" s Q h ml chloh dric q?. s)u s Q q "i0 cho th!n 4)a g>? 1o s c5 nh$n" )nc)loit kGt tinh tron" dun" dFch3 :) c5 thL cJn c# 1o s )nc)loit kGt tinh tron" n" n"him %L s b %/nh ln" tron" c8 c5 nhiMu h) bt3
jhn" ,h, nhum mu: UW mt miGn" nh9 X cun" l c-n dbnh mt bt 19 tron" sut3 V)u %5 n"8m 1o dun" d/ch iodn) k)li (th0n" lO gml dun" d/ch thuc n ,h) 1 Q `qml n<c+3 RIc %&u dun" d/ch tron" n" n"him c5 mu 1n"3 V)u sxq ,hIt s lm cho 19 tron" cun" tr!n c5 mu " set. ch#n" t9 dc liu c5 ch#) )nc)loi3 4Gu khn" c5 honc rOt bt s khn" UuOt hin m&u n8u " set tr!n. mdu kiLm tr) 1dn tron" nh cT3 Sun Uc %/nh U*m )nc)loit c5 tron" mt b ,h2n no %5 cH) dc liu. ,hi d'n" thuc thE thbch h,3 :) c5 thL d'n" tOt c cc thuc thE nh %A kL tr!n nhn" tt nhOt l thuc thE bouch)rd)t 1 n5 cho mt kGt tH) mu3 kh c&n nh9 mt "it thuc thE l!n 1i ,hdu m<i cOt (khn" rE) 1 khn" nhum+ %i ` Q q ,hIt r6i soi kbnh hiLn 1i s thO kGt tH) mu n8u3 4hn" tr<c khi kGt lu2n t) ,hi chI N t<i ` n"u !n nh8n c5 thL "8 n!n nh&m ldn:
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D'n" nhiMu thuc thE Du cc kGt tH) c5 thL t)n mOt3 kc jrot*in cTn" c5 thL cho kGt tH) mu n8u3 (K<i thuc thE bouch)rd)t 1 cc thuc thE cH) )nc)loit+3 frr*r) %A trnh trx
0n" h, n b_n" cch lm ` ti!u bn3 St loPi s)u khi lm 1i ,hdu th nhIn" n") 1o tron" thuc thE3 RoPi khc nh'n" 1o ru t)ctric n"8m mt th0i "i)n s)u %5 rE) sPch ru t)ctric r6i nhIn" lPi 1o thuc thE bouch)rd)t. nGu tG bo c5 ch#) )nc)loit th )nc)loid n s b/ t)n tron" ru t)ctric3 Gt Du tr!n 1i ,hdu %5 khn" thO kGt tH) h) chbnh l cc l| hBn"3 :ri lPi nGu 1dn thO kGt tH) th ,hi n"hv t<i chOt ,rot*in3 4"0i t) d@) 1o cc n"u !n tec s)u %8 %L chiGt UuOt: x Ync)loit n5i chun" l nh$n" kiMm Gu. do %5 c5 thL d'n" nh$n" kiMm mPnh h) trun" bnh %L % )nc)loit r) kh9i mui cH) chIn"3 x Ync)loit X thL t@ do ()nc)loit b)+ d t)n tron" cc dun" mi h$u c c-n X dPn" mui s d t)n tron" n<c3 x V)u khi c5 )nc)loit th. tinh khiGt b_n" cch chu Ln n5 nhiMu l&n t7 dun" mi h$u c s)n" dun" mi n<c 1 n"c lPi3 kui c'n" lm b) hi dun" mi t) %c
)nc)loit tinh khiGt3 4hn" c-n tu[ th*o tbnh chOt cH) )nc)loit loPi b) hi 1 khn" b) hi m ,hx n" ,h, chiGt UuOt th) %Bi cho thbch h,3 Ci 1<i Ync)loit b) hi: konin (c5 X ci"u*+. nicotin (thuc l+. s,)ct*in (c8 "*n*+ c5 thL cOt kWo %c b_n" hi n<c th t) sO kh. tn nh9 dc liu cho 1o kiMm mPnh %L % chIn" r) thnh )nc)loid t@ do3 V)u %5 tch r) kh9i dc liu b_n" ,hx n" ,h, cOt kWo Du) hi n<c3 kui c'n" lPi tch )nc)loid r) kh9i n<c cOt tr!n b_n" cc dun" mi h$u c thbch h,3 Ci 1<i nh$n" )nc)loid khn" b) hi n"0i t) d'n" ` ,hn" ,h,: x kho dc liu %A tn nh9 1o bnh n"8m kit r6i tiGn hnh chiGt b_n" dun" mi n<c )Uit loAn" honc c6n %A )Uit ho b_n" mt )Uit mPnh3 kc )nc)loid c5 tron" dc liu ()nc)loid ton ,h&n+ s chu Ln s)n" thL mui 1 t)n tron" ` dun" mi tr!n3 ]c hi dun" mi b_n" cch cOt d<i , suOt "im 1<i nhit % cn" thO, cn" tt3 knn c-n lPi cho kiMm 4)a. a. 4a â. k)(a+ù3 RO )nc)loid b) %c "ii ,h5n" r) b_n" mt dun" mi h$u c thbch h, (khn" trn ldn 1<i ` dun" mi tr!n+ nh kakls. *th*r. b*n*nu dun" mi n ch cho )nc)loid c&n tim ho t)n 3 Dun" mi n c'n" ,hi tinh khiGt 1 khn" t)n tron" ` dun" mi %A d'n" X tr!n3 x khu Ln tr@c tiG, )nc)loit X dPn" mui tron" dc liu r) thL b) %L ho t)n 1o dun" mi h$u c b_n" cc kiMm thbch h,3 Kic l@) chn kiMm rOt Du)n trn": mt kiMm mPnh 4)a m tc dFn" l8u tr!n )nc)loit s)u khi "ii ,h5n" )nc)loit b) c5 thL U ,h-n" ho cc )nc)loit c5 ch#) *st* nh )sto,in. coc)inu 4)a c-n "i$ lPi tron" dun" d/ch n<c cc )nc)loit c5 ch#) ,h*nol nh mor,hin. U*,lutin. 4aâ ch c5 thL % mt ,h&n )nc)loit cH) I,*c)3 Ki % tOt c cc )nc)loit cH) r l@u3 4"0i t) c5 thL lO ri!n" )nc)loit b_n" ,hn" ,h, sec kN ct3 khOt hO, ,hF l nhm oU t khi cc )nc)loit %i Du) ct hO, ,hF 1 triLn kh)i b_n" dun" mi thbch h, th )nc)loit %c tch r) thnh t7n" ,h&n khc nh)u3 Vec kN kh5 c)o ,. sec kN m9n". cTn" l ,hn" ,h, %c d'n" nhiMu X cc
,h-n" thb n"him hin n) %L tch cc )nc)loit3 kc ,hn" ,h, n c5 % chbnh Uc c)o 1 cho kGt tH) nh)nh ch5n"3 ") Ung 0Bng c<a ancalo t Ync)loit n5i chun" l %c 1<i liMu ln" c)o. c-n 1<i liMu ln" 17) ,hi c5 tc dFn" ch$) bnh3 :h0n" Uu !n t) chG biGn n5 X dPn" mui d ho t)n tron" n<c 1 bMn 1$n" %c l8u. "iI, cho 1ic bo Dun 1 sE dFn" thu2n tin 1 tt: )tro,in sun)t. Vtr chnin sun)tu 4hiMu khi do cch chG biGn khn" %In" Du cch. dc liu ch#) )nc)loit s b/ th) %Bi tc dFn" ch$) bnh %i3 nh sn" mnt tr0i cTn" d lm cc )nc)loit b/ ,h hup. th0n" cc )nc)loit ,hi %c bo Dun tron" cc bnh kbn. c5 mu h) tron" h, kbn3 k&n c5 ,h8n bit %c 1<i khn" %c. %L trnh n"u hiLm khi sE dFn"3 :c dFn" dc lN cH) )nc)loit rOt khc nh)u. ,h&n n chIn" t) s UWt t<i tron" cc chu !n lu2n dc liu3 khIn" t) cTn" n!n "hi nh2n r_n" tc dFn" cH) n<c sec dc liu ch#) )nc)loit ton ,h&n khn" ,hi b)o "i0 cTn" "in" nh cH) )nc)loit n"u !n chOt khc tch r)3 kc )nc)loit c5 tc dFn" 1<i h thn" th&n kinh trun" n". 1M ,hn" din kbch thbch. c5 Vtr chnin. c),h*in. lob*linu 1M ,hn" din trOn tnh "im %8u c5 mor,hin. cod*in. r*c*,,inu kc chOt c5 tc %n" l!n h th&n kinh th@c 12t:
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khOt kbch thbch "i)o cm: f,h*drin. kod*in. aocd*in khOt #c chG "i)o cm: fc"ost)min. cohimbin3 khOt kbch thbch ,h5 "i)o cm: jiloc)r,in. *s*rin :ron" s cc )nc)loit c5 cc thuc "8 m! tPi ch|: coc)inZ cc chOt tr/ co "i2t:
,),)1*rinZ khOt ,hon" bG hPch "i)o cm: nicotin. s,)ct*in3 x Ync)loit c5 tc dFn" tr!n tim: x )")rin. P m)lin 1 Duinin l cc thuc chn" run" tim3 iuinin. *rn*t l l thuc "8 trdm uOt3 kc thuc tJn" hu Gt ,: f,h*drin. cc thuc hP hu Gt ,. ohimbin. r*s*c,in. 1)r)tum3
Ync)loit ch c5 tc dFn" chn" 1i khun X liMu c)o. nhiMu )nc)loit c5 tc dFn" dit kN sinh tr'n". tr/ n"u !n sinh %n" 12t: Duinin %c 1<i kN kN sinh tr'n" st rWt. *m*tin. 1 con*Uin %i 1<i l do )mid. con*Uin 1<i tr comon)s. tr/ kN sinh tr'n" %x 0n" ti!u ho c5 ,*ll*thi*rin 1 )r*colin3 II Dc liu ch#) Glucoit (a*t*roit+ 1) KFnh nghLa Glucoit l nh$n" h, chOt h$u c ,h#c tP, tron" dc liu3 45 cOu tPo b_n" mt ,h&n %0n" (Y+ 1 mt ,h&n khn" %c (G*nin h) "l con+3 koi "lucoit l nh$n" *t* %nc bit d<i tc dFn" cH) n<c 1 m*n (c5 sn tron" dx c liu+ s %c thup oh8n r) ` ,h&n: ,h&n %0n" 1 ,h&n khn" ,hi l %0n"3 khbnh ,h&n khn" ,hi l %0n" m<i c5 tc dFn" ch$) bnh %nc hiu3 Glucoit khc 1<i *st* l n5 rOt d b/ thup ,h8n tron" mi tr0n" )Uits3 VE thup ,h8n cH) "lucoit %) s %Mu bet %&u t7 khi %un" 1^xkx khaggq sa` khaqxka ak4 `khag`h
(Ymi"d)lin khi thup ,h8n cho )nd*h b*nonic. )Uitc )nh dric 1 ` ,h8n tE "luco)+ RIc %&u n"0i t) n"hi!n c#u cc chOt c5 ch#) "luco) n!n %nt t!n l "lucoitZ 1M s)u khi n"hi!n c#u cc "lucoit thO c5 nhiMu chOt %0n" khc n!n "i l h*t*roit3 M) $6 phn bP c<a gluco2 t trong cy Glucoit %c ,h8n b rOt rn" rAi tron" c8 c9. tu nhi!n %5 ch ch#) mt ln" rOt nh9. c5 ch#n" khon" y> loi th@c 12t c5 "lucoid3 ain n) n"0i t) %A ,ht hin %c khon" hn `>> loPi "lucoit khc nh)u3 "lucoit %c ,h8n b X cc b ,h2n cH) c8 : X Du. khB hPnh nh8n (Ym "d)lus )rn)i)+. Du thn" thi!n (:h*1*lin
noriioli)+. Du d8 1-i 1oi (Vtro,h)ntus+3 X 19: wh)mnus r)n"ul). X d-: hnh biLn (V*ill) m)ritim)+. X l: dn" %/) hon" (Didit)lis+. jh)n t di, (V*n*+. :rIc %o (4*rinm ol*)nd*r+. X w 1 th)n r: C/) hon" (wh*um+. k)m tho ("l c rhi) sl)brr)+. X d/ch c8 : R hi (Ylo*s+3 :h0n" cc c8 ch#) "lucoit X b ,h2n khc nh)u. nhn" tron" nhiMu tr0n" h, th0n" t2, trun" X mt b ,h2n no %5 nhOt %/nh3 :p l "lucoit tron" c8 cTn" th) %Bi rOt nhiMu c5 loPi l!n t? nh V),onoit tron" ]6 kGt. b6 h-n. nhn" n*riolin tron" l trIc %o ch c5 >.g?3 :h0n" cc "lucoit X dPn" ho t)n tron" cc d/ch tG bo3 ]!n cPnh nh$n" tG bo ch#) "lucoit lPi c-n nh$n" tG bo khc ch#) m*n (*n m+ c5 tc dFn" thup ,h8n "lucoit %53 K 12 . khi cc tG bo th@c 12t b/ 1- nt. "i nh9u "lucoit s "n, m*n 1 th!m c5 n<c th "lucoit s b/ thup ,h8n n") 3 Kb dF: R %o. hPt %o nGu %L bnh th0n" th khn" thO c5 m'i thm h)n" nhx n" nGu %*m 1- nt h) %2, d2, t) m<i thO m'i thm3 C5 chbnh l hin tn" Ymi"d)lin "n, fmulsin X tG bo cPnh %5. b/ thup ,h8n %L cho r) )nd*h t b*nonic 1 )Uits c )nh dric3 :7 1On %M n "iI, t) hiLu th!m l: :Pi s)o lIc chG biGn thuc. lPi ,hi tp mz %In" Du cch. tPi s)o nhn" "lucoit tr<c ki) c5 tron" c8 nhn" khn" thL tm thO %c X tron" cc chG ,hm3 Q) TTnh ch=t c<a gluco2 t Glucoit n5i chun" l do cc n"u !n t c)cbon. h dro tPo thnh3 k5 khi th!m c n"u !n t nit n$). nh Ymi"d)lin tron" khB hnPh nh8n. n"u !n t lu hu[nh tron" "lucoit cH) hPt kinh "i<i3 kc loPi "lucoit khc nh)u c5 tbnh chOt lN ho hc khc nh)u3 ain tn" n c-n rOt nhiMu loPi "lucoit ch) Uc %/nh %c thnh ,h&n ho hc cH) n5 cho n!n 1ic n"hi!n c#u 1M mnt n c-n b/ nhiMu hPn chG3 4"0i t) ch %i s8u 1o n"hi!n c#u tc dFn" dc lN cH) "lucoit m thi3 RN ho tbnh cH) cc "lucoit ,hF thuc 1o tbnh chOt cH) cc loPi %0n". tbnh chOt cH) )"l con h) "*nin3 Glucoit l nh$n" chOt %nc. khn" b) hi. thnh ,h&n n5 c5 kh nJn" kGt
tinh. ch c5 mt s bt 1 %/nh hnh3 x K/ %en": V@ ho t)n cu n5 cTn" khn" c5 Du %/nh3 45i chun" n5 d ho t)n tron" n<c (cTn" c5 mt s khn" t)n tron" n<c+ %) s t)n nhiMu tron" dun" mi h$u c. nh ru. nhn" %Mu khn" t)n tron" fth*r *th lic 1 fth*r d&u ho3 x KM mnt tc dFn" dc lN. m|i loPi c5 mt tc dFn" khc nh)u3 C) s "lucoit c5 tc dFn" mPnh. nh "lucoit %Pi hon" c5 tc dFn" t Z Didit)lin (dn" %/) hon"+. 4*riolin (tron" :rIc %o+ c5 tc dFn" c0n" tim X mt liMu rOt nh9Z :onoit 1i khun. s* ni!m mPcZ c5 tbnh chOt cH) 1it)min j. nh: foculoit. rutoit3 :c dFn" %iMu tr/ cu "lucoit chH Gu Du Gt %/nh bXi ,h&n khn" %0n"3 k-n ,h&n %0n" cH) n5 chH Gu l %L tJn" c0n" s@ hi ho 1 s@ hO, th cH) thuc. 1 thG n5 c5 tc dFn" kWo di 1 tJn" c0n" tc dFn" %iMu tr/ cH) thuc3 khIn" hoPt %n" X nh sn" ,h8n c@c th0n" l t tru Mn Du)n" ,hB tE n"oPi 1 h6n" n"oPi l thuc 1o cOu trIc cH) "*nin3 kTn" nh %0n". h*t *roit c5 X dPn" 1 l dPn" Bn %/nh3 4hn chun". h*t orit l cc chOt d h9n". bt nhiMu d b/ thup ,h8n do m*n 1 )Uit. kGt h, 1<i n<c %L "ii ,h5n" r) %0n" 1 "*nin3 VE thup ,h8n do m*n tn" %i %nc hiu 1 tc %n" l&n lt Du) nhiMu *nim m<i c5 %c "*nnin t@ do3 S) NhVng ? @! cCn ch W +h thu h 0Xc l Hu gluco2 t am ln" "lucoit ch#) tron" dc liu c5 thL th) %Bi rOt khc nh)u. do %iMu kin thB nh}n". ,h8n b5n. khb h2uu khc nh)u3 Snt khc. tuBi cH) dc liu khc nh)u. m') 1F thu hi khc nh)u s %) t<i s@ khc nh)u 1M hm ln" "lucoit tron" c8 3 kch chG biGn khc th2m chb n") c th0i "i)n tron" g n" cTn" lm th) %Bi hm ln" "lucoi3 am ln" "lucoit n5i chun" X c8 . c)o nhOt khon" ^xq"i0 nh sn" 1 "im d&n %i th*o th0i "i)n tron" n" . %Gn ti hm khi ln" "lucoit thO, nhOt3 hi tr0i m) th hm ln" "lucoit lPi cn" "im r; rt3 4h ,h&n tbnh chOt %A n!u. "lucoit rOt d b/ thup ,h8n bXi m*n %nc hiu cH) chbnh bn th8n c8 %53 Do %5 s)u khi thu hi Uon" c&n UE lN n") 3 :ron" Du trnh thu hi trnh d2, nt dc liu. c5 nh thG "lucoit m<i khn" b/ ,h hup3
5. 4hn lo# '1 tc 0Bng cc lo# gluco2 t k5 nhiMu ti liu ,h8n loPi khc nh)u. X %8 d@) 1o tc dFn" dc lN cH) "lucoit %L ,h8n thnh ` nh5m s)u: g3 Glucoid c3 )+ Glucoit ch$) tim R nh$n" "lucoit thi!n nhi!n c5 mt khun" cOu trIc ho hc n5i chun" 1 c5 tc dFn" %nc bit tr!n tim3 Glucoit c0n" tim th0n" "n, tron" cc h th@c 12t ho) m;m ch5. trIc %o. hon" li!n333 "n, tron" cc b ,h2n khc nh)u cH) c8 3 X d- cH) cH hnh biLn: ]ulbus scill)*. th8n r: a*ll*bosis. r: Y,oc niumZ cH) 19 c8 : j*ri,loc) "r*c)Z l: :rIc %o. hPt: :hn" thi!n. 1-i 1oi333 : l hoPt chOt th0n" rOt thO, 1 ,h8n b khn" %Mu tron" nh$n" b ,h2n khc nh)u tron" cTn" mt c8 3 4h$n" "lucoit "n, tron" c'n" mt c8 th0n" ch khc nh)u rOt bt 1M cOu trIc ho hc3 \Wt 1M mnt cOu trIc ho hc. "lucoit c0n" tbm cTn" nh cc "lucoit khc. %Mu c5 mt ,h&n %0n" 1 mt ,h&n khn" %0n"3 jh&n %0n" ()+ c5 thL l nh$n" %0n" s)u: x C0n" %n (Sono)+ nh "luco). wh)mno). di"itoUoU). honc %0n" %i (]io)+ nh Vtro,h)n tobio)3 C0n" b) (trio)+ nh Vtro,h)ntotrio)3 x jh&n khn" %0n" (G*nin+ tOt c cc "lucoit ch$) tim %Mu c5 cOu trIc Vt*roit 1 c5 w c5 thL l mt ch#c )nd*h t. c5 thL mt "c kas. c5 thL l mt ch#c ru b2c nhOt3 :Ot c cc "lucoit c0n" tbm %Mu c5 mt "c m*t l kas X 1/ trb ccbon s gs 1 ga X kg^. ga X ks3 :u[ th*o cc Gu t w %bnh 1o nh)u tr!n m t) c5 cc loPi "lucoit c0n" tbm khc nh)u3 x :bnh chOt cH) "lucoit ch$) tim: Glucoit ch$) tim %Mu l nh$n" chOt c5 tc dFn" Du)n" hc. c5 thL kGt tinh
honc 1 %/nh hnh. 1/ %en"u St s "lucoit t)n tron" n<c3 St s khn" t)n m t)n tron" cc dun" mi h$u c3 C t)n tron" n<c tp l thu2n 1<i chiMu di cH) ,h&n %x 0n"3 4h$n" "lucoit ch$) tim cho mt s ,hn #n" chun" do ,h&n "*non honc ,h&n %0n"3 x 4hn Ung 0o phCn Y%non jhn #n" R*")l: ao t)n "lucoit tron" , ridin honc tron" c6n X mi tr0n" kiMm 4)a s cho mu %9 nhPt khi cho th!m >.q? 4)trinotro ,russi)t3 jhn #n" ili)ni ao t)n "lucoit 1o `xsml )Uits )U*tic c5 sn 1i "it cloru) set s3 :h!m mt thL tbch tn" %n" a`V^ %2m %nc3 St tiG, UIc "i$) ` dun" d/ch n s c5 mu n8u. 1M s)u ton dun" d/ch s n" mu U)nh l3 :c dFn" cH) "lucoit ch$) tim: 45i chun" l rOt %c3 X liMu ln" rOt nh9 (liMu %iMu tr/+ c5 tc dFn" %iMu ho lPi nh/, %2, cH) tim 1 lm tJn" nh/, %2, cH) tim. do %5 d'n" %L tr tim tron" cn" tc %iMu tr/3 4h8n d8n c-n d'n" cc loPi t!n %c c5 tm "lucoit c0n" tim tron" Du trnh sJn bet thI r7n"3 :ron" chJn nui. nh$n" c8 c5 "lucoit %c. trnh khn" cho "i) sIc Jn ldn ,hi3 b+ V),onoit (V),onin+ V),onin l mt nh5m chOt kh ,hB biGn tron" c8 3 4") t7 nJm g=yg rusk)l %A thn" k! ch7n" gq> loi c5 s),onin3 ain n) con s n l!n t> loi3 4h$n" c8 c5 s),onin c t}m thO tron" khon" o> h th@c 12t3 4hiMu chOt tron" cc h: thPch trIc ()aryophyllac%a%+. b6 h-n ($ap n0ac%a%)Z %iMu nhum ([ *ac%a%)Z hnh t9i (- l ac%a%+333 Vch)*r c-n cho biGt s),onin c5 tron" c nh$n" loi n ho)3 :ron" mt s c8 . s),onin c5 thL c5 tron" nhiMu b ,h2n khc nh)u3 X Du: b- h-n. b6 kGtZ X r h) th8n rZ thL ,hFc linh. c)m tho. X tron" lZ b-n btZ X tron" 19: iuillo~) s),on)ri)333 KM t l s),onin th) %Bi th*o t7n" loi nh X b6 kGt. 1i!n chb c5 tr!n g>?3 :ron"
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Y"rost*mm) "ith)"o ch c5 >.q? 1 t2, trun" X ,hi ch# khn" X ni nhT3 Rn" s),onin tJn" l!n X hPt mc m&m3 :ron" cc b ,h2n dinh d}n". ln" s),onin tJn" ti %) khi c8 r) ho). s)u %5 "im Uun"3 X c8 ti s),onin %c ,h8n b tron" d/ch tG bo. khi c8 chGt. s),onin b/ 15n lPi tron" tG bo3 Cnc tbnh cH) s),onin (V),onoit+ V),onin l nh$n" "lucoit thi!n nhi!n. c5 tbnh chOt chun" l dun" d/ch n<c cH) n5 lec mPnh cho rOt nhiMu bt "in" nh bt U ,h-n"3 Dun" d/ch s),onin "8 t)n mu (dun" hu Gt+ rOt mPnh l do cc s),onin lm "im s#c cJn" bM mnt n"oi cH) h6n" c&u3 :h0n" s),onin t)n tron" n<c. tron" dun" mi h$u c: ru *t lic. ru m*t lic. khn" t)n tron" *th*r. cloroorin. b*n*n3 D@) 1o %nc %iLm ho t)n n cH) s),onin. n"0i t) chiGt UuOt n5 1 sE dFn" ,h) chG cc dPn" nhT ho d'n" tron" cn" tc l8m sn" thI 3 V),onin l nh$n" chOt 1 %/nh hnh. mt s bt c5 tinh thL nh di"itonin (dn" %/) hon"+ khn" m'i. 1/ hec. "8 het hi r; rt3 \ @! tra ?Fnh tTnh '1 ?Fnh lXng sapon n trong cy C/nh tbnh: Sun biGt mt c8 c5 s),onin h) khn" t) U*m n5 c5 "8 bt h) khn". honc n5 c5 "8 t)n mu h) khn" :hE tbnh "8 bt: k8n 1i ")m dc liu cet h) tn nh9 cho 1o n" n"him th!m 1i ml n<c lec th2t mPnh tron" 1-n" 1)i ,hIt3 4Gu c5 s),onin tron" n" s c5 bt3 :u th*o ct bt c)o h) thO, m t) c5 thL s b kGt lu2n r_n" hm ln" s),onin c5 tron" c8 bt h) nhiMu3 St s kN hiu %L %nh "i kGt Du nh s)u: 4Gu bt l8u bMn gq ,hIt: ]t l8u bMn tron" 1-n" s> ,hIt: ]t l8u bMn tron" 1-n" h> ,hIt:
khI N l )nbumin cTn" "8 bt n!n c&n lm th!m ,hn #n" t)n mu3 khiGt
s),onin t7 bt %c liu b_n" n<c r6i trn n<c chiGt nh s)u: d'n" mt miGn" "iO thOm c5 kbch th<c Ùhcm3 St %&u mnh "iO thOm n t) nh9 1i "it chl*st*rol. hon" kh. nhIn" d&u "iO %5 1o dun" d/ch chiGt c&n kiLm tr)3 4h0 hin tn" m)o ddn. s),onin %c thOm l!n ,hb) tr!n. chol*st*rot "i$ lPi mt bt s),onoit. %6n" th0i "i$ lPi nh$n" chOt cn trX Du trnh ,h hu Gt c) s),onin3 RoPi chol*st*rol b_n" U lon. rE) *th*r. ,hi kh r6i %nt tr@c tiG, l!n "*l)tin c5 mu3 4Gu c5 s),onoit th Uun" Du)nh mnt "iO s c5 mt 1-n" mu b/ ,h 1} rOt r;3 4Gu %iMu kin khn" c5 chl*st*rol. *th*r 1 U lon t) c5 thL %n "in b_n" cch nhIn" di "iO mMm 1o dun" d/ch n<c chiGt c&n kiLm tr) r6i %nt tr@c tiG, l!n "*l)tic c5 mu 1 Du)n st3 Rm nh 12 . kGt Du cTn" r; nhn" khn" chec chen b_n" ,hn" ,h, tr!n3 KFnh lXng: k5 s ,hn" ,h, )+ :bnh ch s bt cH) V),onin RO ` "r bt dc liu trn 1>ml 4)kl >.y? %un si tron" gq ,hIt. lc Du) bn" %c dun" d/ch g?. lO g>ml dun" d/ch lc cho 1o n" %on" c5 dun" tbch g>>ml lec gq "i8 %L !n g ,hIt3 4Gu ,hb) tr!n c5 l<, bt ch#n" t9 dc liu ch#) s),onin3 :7 %5 t) tiG, tFc ,h) loAn" b_n" 4)kR >.y? th*o cc tp l khc nh)u3 \c %/nh % %nc ti thiLu %L cho l<, bt ,hb) tr!n khn" mOt s)u khi n"7n" lec g ,hIt3 kh s bt x gY ")mml Y: C ,h) loAn" nh9 nhOt cH) d/ch chiGt UuOt %L l, bt bMn s)u khi n"7n" lec g bt3 C8 cTn" l mt ,hn" ,h, %/nh ln" s b s),onin tron" dc liu mt cch nh)nh ch5n"3 b+ :bnh ch s dun" hu Gt D'n" dun" d/ch %m ,hot,h)tmono,ot)sic (a`j^+ 1 ,hot,h)tdisodic 4)àj^ %L chG dun" d/ch s),onoit th*o cc n6n" % khc nh)u3 iLm tr) tc dFn" ,h hu Gt cH) cc dun" d/ch n . t) s Uc %/nh %c n6n" % ti thiLu "8 dun" hu Gt cH) s),onoit c5 thL d'n" h6n" c&u th9 honc c7u %L kiLm tr)3 c+ kh s %c 1<i c
Sun Uc %/nh ch s %c 1<i c t) %o liMu ln" ti thiLu cH) dun" d/ch "8 chGt c tron" g th0i "i)n nhOt %/nh3 k d'n" X %8 l c R*unccisus h) c k)r)ssius 1ul")ris3 X Kit 4)m t) d'n" c 1n". tron" khi thE ,hi chI N c nhit % 1 ,a cH) dun" d/ch3 Ung 0Bng sapon n trong l! s1ng th y V),onin c5 tbnh "8 bt n!n c5 tc dFn" nhT ho mPnh. h) d'n" n5 %L ,hi chG 1<i mt s thuc dit n"oPi kN sinh tr'n"3 4"0i t) c-n d'n" n5 1<i mt liMu ln" nh9 17) ,hi tron" mt s bi thuc 1<i N lm lthuc bBm 1 n5 lm nhT ho th#c Jn 1 thuc "iI, cho 1ic hO, thu %c tJn" c0n"3 Von" do n5 c5 tc dFn" dun" hu Gt n!n cOm khn" %c d'n" %L ti!m ch c d'n" Du) %0n" ti!u ho thi3 V),onin c-n c5 tc dFn" "8 kbch thbch nh cc ni!m mPc: ni!m mPc ,hb) tr!n cH) %0n" h hO, 1 nim mPc tr@c trJn" h2u mn3 45 lm tJn" kh nJn" tiGt d/ch cH) ni!m mPc3 K 12 %i 1<i "i) sIc b/ kh mTi. 12t l r) n"oi. mTi. hn" cH) "i) sIc b/ kh rtu c-n khi tr8u b- 1/ bnh ch<n" bFn" %& hi t) c5 thL %nt b- kGt 1o h2u mn (tt nhOt l chG thnh thuc %Pn "6m c5 bt b6 kGt tron" "*l)tin+ %L kbch thbch %nh ltrun" tinm thi hi 1 cc khb %2u r) n"oi3 45 c-n %c d'n" 1<i mFc %bch ch#) ho X "i) sIc3 :h0n" n"0i t) h) ,hi h, 1<i mt s 1/ thuc khc: 1iMn ch. cet cnhu St s c8 khc c5 s),onin dc c5 kh nJn" kN sinh tr'n" n"oi d) cho "i) sIc3 K 12 . n"0i t) d'n" n5 d<i dPn" thuc n"8m %L tem cho "i) sIc b/ kN sinh tr'n" n"oi d) nh r cH Duc c. dit 1* b-3 c+ Dc liu ch#) Glucoit thuc loPi k )no"*n*tic R "lucoit khi thup ,h8n cho mt ,h&n %0n" 1 mt ,h&n khn" %0n"3 :ron" ,h&n khn" %0n" c5 )Uit c )nh dric (ak4+3 C8 l mt loPi )Uit rOt %c do %5 cc dc liu chE) c )no"*n*tic khn" thL cho "i) sIc Jn nhiMu %c3 k )no"*n*tic c5 X cc c8 1 cc 1/ thuc s)u: hB hPnh nh8n. c8 sen (ton c8u 1 cH nhOt l X l;i+3 khbnh ak4 sn ,hm cH) Du trnh thup ,h8n "lucoit.
ak4 %c d'n" %L %/nh tbnh 1 %/nh ln" cc "lucoit ch#) chIn"3 kc loPi mJn" x tr*. 1&u h5,333 4"oi t) c5 thL d'n" cc jhn" ,h, 1i ln" %L kiLm tr) k )no"*n*tic nh s)u: :hb n"him 1? c)rbon)t n)tri. lPi ,hi kh tron" b5n" mt3 hi mnh "iO n tiG, UIc 1<i ak4 do Du trnh thup ,h8n "lucoit. b) hi l!n. s biGn thnh mu %9 honc %9 d) c)m3 kch tiGn hnh: RO mt mdu c8 c5 k )no"*n*tic %A n"hi!n nh9. cho 1o n" n"him. th!m mO "it 1 :olu*n lm cho a*t*roit b/ thup ,h8n3 D'n" nIt "i$ miGn" "iO %A tm )Uit ,icric. st ,hi tr!n cH) n" n"him3 hi ,hn #n" dn" tbnh. mnh "iO s hin mu (t7 1i ,hIt %Gn bi "i0 X s> >k+ l 1 Du trnh thup ,h)n k )no"*n*tic ak4 s "ii ,h5n" r)3 K.>q m" )Uit k )nthdric th s)u g` "i0 s c5 s@ hin mu3 iu trnh ,hn #n" din r) nh s)u:
k4 4"u !n nh8n %Bi mu tr!n l do "c 4 k4 X 1/ trb k` cH) ,hn (g+ honc "c 4ax a X k` 1 k4 X ks cH) ,hn #n" (II+3 CL %/nh ln" n"0i t) %*m thup ,h8n "lucoit b_n" cc m*n fmunsin c8 n"hiMn nh9 1 n"8m 1o n<c tron" mt bnh c&n nIt kbn3 V)u `^ "i0 cOt 1 %/nh ln" ak4 tron" dun" d/ch cOt b_n" ,hn" ,h, Ri*bi* Donid*t3 Ung 0Bng Yluco2 t thu]c lo# cyanog%n%t c :ron" khi thup ,h8n "ii ,h5n" r) c )nh dric m c )nh dric c5 tc dFn" trOn tvnh trun" khu h hO,3 RIc %&u n5 lm h#n" ,hOn nhn" 1M s)u c5 tc dFn" #c chG
"im %)u bXi s@ 12n %n" h hO,3 Do %5 c5 tc dFn" ch$) ho cho "i) sIc3 45 c5 tc dFn" st tr'n" 1 "im %)u. nhn" )Uit c )nh dric rOt %c %i 1<i h hO, 1 h tu&n hon3 Do 12 tron" th@c tG l8m sn" t) th0n" d'n" dc liu d<i dPn" n"u !n3 hi 1o c thL. ak4 %c "ii ,h5n" r) mt cch t7 t7 1 12 khn" "8 %c cho c thL3 Kb dF: D'n" khB hPnh nh8n %L ch$) ho ch# tron" l8m dn" khn" d'n" ak4 %L ch$) ho3 K khi 1o c thL )m d)tin b/ thup ,h8n. "ii ,h5n" r) ak4 mt cch t7 t7 khn" "8 %c cho c thL3 `3 Glucoid khn" c )+ Glucoit %en" (a*t*roit %en"+ R nh$n" chOt t7 tho mc. c5 1/ %en". c5 tc dFn" sinh lN nhOt %/nh tr!n c thL. kbch thbch s@ n"on min" 1 lm tJn" s@ hoPt %n" cH) b m ti!u ho3 khOt %en" c5 rOt nhiMu tron" cc c8 3 45 c5 X khe, cc b ,h2n cH) c8 1 ho t)n tron" d/ch cH) tG bo3 jh&n l<n chOt %en" c5 tron" c8 X cc h s)u %8 : h lon" dXm (Y%nt anac%a%)Z kIc ()o!pos t%a%+. k)m Duit (/utac%a%)3 KM mnt cOu trIc ho hc. n5 ch b)o "6m c)cbon. h dro. oU . khn" ch#) nit3 khOt %en" khc 1<i )nc)loit %en" (strichnin. Duinin333+ l khn" %c3 KM ,hn" din ho hc. chOt %en" bt %c n"hi!n c#u 1 n5 kh5 %c tch r) kh9i d/ch c8 3 khOt %en" rOt d b/ cc m*n ,h8n hup3 Do %5. khi thu hi Uon" t) ,hi tr)nh thH lm kh. trnh H n5n" 1 m3 4"0i t) chi) cc chOt %en" lm s nh5m: 4h5m chOt %en" %n thu&n. nh5m chOt %en" c5 m'i thm 1 nh5m chOt %en" nh& 3 kn" dFn": "lucoit %en" c5 tc dFn" kbch thbch s@ n"on mi!n" cH) "i) sIc3 k chG Du trnh n %A %c j),lo, 1 cc hc tr- cH) n" n"hi!n c#u ch#n" minh kh %& %H3 ]!n cPnh s@ kbch thbch n"on min" n5 cTn" lm cho kh nJn" ti!u ho %c tJn" l!n3 \on" nGu %en" Du th Du trnh tc dFn" n"c lPi3
4h$n" c8 c5 "lucoit %en" sE dFn" cho "i) sIc3 w lon" dXm tho3 ]6 cn" )nh (%en" %n thu&n+3 K9 ch)nh. 19 c)m. 19 DuNt. r thPch Un" b6 l nh$n" c8 ch#) chOt %en" c5 m'i thm3 :) c5 thL sE dFn" d<i hnh th#c: :huc sec. c)o thuc. thuc n"8mu cho "i) sIc Jn. m<i c5 tc dFn" kbch thbch ti!u ho. c-n nGu ti!m th tc dFn" khn" r;3 b+ Dc liu ch#) )nthr)"lucoit :ron" khi n"hi!n c#u mt s 1/ thuc c5 tc dFn" t 1 nhu2n trn": ,h)n t di,. l hi. %Pi trn"u :schir*s 1 cc cn" s@. %A %i t<i kGt lu2n r_n" tbnh chOt t cH) cc 1/ thuc n l do chOt oU m*t l )nthr)Duinol honc X thL t@ do honc X thL kGt h, 1<i "lucoit3 K2 )nthr)"lucoit l nh$n" "lucoit khi b/ thup ,h8n s cho mt ,h&n %0n" 1 ,h&n khn" %c "i l )nthr)Duinol3 jh&n %0n" c5 thL l mt %0n": Yr)bino) (l hi+. "luco) (tron" %Pi hon". ,h)n t di,+3 a)i %0n" (\ to) Gluco)+ tron" wh)mnus c)th)rtic)u ]) %0n" (w)nmo) "luco)"luco)+ tron" wh)nnus r)n"ul)3 jh&n khn" %0n" c5 nh8n cJn bn l )nthr)U*n = o
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kaà (w+ Ylo* fmodin w l kaa c5 à X kg 1 k= t) s c5 wh*in cH) %Pi hon" w l kas t) c5 à khr so,h)nol l mt hoPt chOt cH) %Pi hon" a a
kas wh*in
4Gu w l kas 1<i s nh5m a X kg. k=. kh t) s c5 wh*um fmodin tron" c8 wh)mnus r)n"ul) chOt 17) c5 tc dFn" t 17) c5 tc dFn" st tr'n"3 jh&n %0n" 1 ,h&n khn" %0c %c li!n h 1<i nh)u X cc 1/ trb khc nh)u s cho t) cc hoPt chOt khc nh)u cH) cc c8 khc nh)u3 Kb dF: Gluco) %bnh 1o kh t) s c5 )nthr)"lucoit cH) l hi: kc )nthr)"lucoit rOt ,hB biGn tron" "i?3 U m*t l )nthr)Duinol c5 thL t)n X tron" d/ch tG bo d<i dPn" t@ do honc kGt h, 1<i "lucoit. th0n" c5 mu 1n"3 X dPn" kGt h, "lucoit d t)n tron" n<c. bt t)n ron" *t*. cloroorm3 k-n X cc dPn" t@ do t)n nhiMu tron" *t* 1 kloroorm3 D' X cc dPn" no cTn" rOt d t)n tron" dun" d/ch kiMm. %L c5 mu %93 :bnh chOt cH) )nthr)"lucoit cTn" khc nh)u tu[ dPn" oU h) khE U 3 X dPn" khE. )nthr)"lucoit t)n tron" cc dun" mi h$u c 1> %n 1/ th dPn" oU c&n g %n 1/3 DPn" khE c-n c5 tc dFn" sinh lN mPnh U nhn" lPi k{m th*o tbnh chOt "8 kbch thbch mPnh. "i) sIc 1 n"0i h) b/ nn o %)u bFn"3 Do %5. khn" h) d'n". nh$n" dc liu ch#) )nthr)Duinol X dPn" khE c&n %c bo Dun g nJm %L cc dPn" khE chu Ln hGt s)n" dPn" oU ho r6i m<i d'n" l tt nhOt3 \ @! tra anthraqu nol trong 0Xc l Hu D@) 1o %nc %iLm )nthr)Duinol t)n tron" mi tr0n" kiMm s cho dun" d/ch mu %9 %L t) lm cc ,hn #n" %/nh tbnh s)u:
26 26 26
iLm tr) b_n" bt dc liu tron" n" n"him3 iLm tr) hin tn" 1i thJn" ho)3 iLm tr) 1i ,hn #n"3
k s ,hn" ,h, n s "i<i thiu kz X bi "in" th@c t2, dc liu3 Ung 0Bng anthragluco2 t trong l! s1ng th y3 :Ot c cc dc liu ch#) )nthr)"lucoit %Mu c5 tc dFn" lm tJn" nhu %n" rut. n5 "iI, s@ li!n ho d dn". 1<i liMu ln" nh9 n5 %c coi l mt %n 1/ thuc bB cho "i) sIc. 1<i liMu c)o n5 c5 tc dFn" t 3 k5 thL d'n" %L dit mt s nOm n"oi d) cho "i) sIc: 4Om :richo,h ton lm rFn" ln" cH) b- (4Om Sicros,*ron lm rFn" ln" X n"@)+3 ]_n" cc dc liu ch#) )nthr)"lucoit d<i dPn" )nthr)nol khI N: x 4Gu d'n" 1<i mFc %bch kbch thbch ti!u ho honc t n!n d'n" nh$n" dc liu %A bo Dun g nJm3 4Gu d'n" %L tr/ bnh n"oi d) th d'n" ti3 x K n5 cTn" c5 tc dFn" tr!n c trn cH) bn" Du)n". tE cun" n!n 1<i "i) sIc c5 th)i. b/ 1i!m bn" Du)n". 1i!m tE cun" l!n th2n trn"3 Gi) sIc c5 con bI. nGu con b/ %i v) ch th khn" d'n" )nthr)"lucoit %c bi tiGt Du) s$) 1 n<c tiLu3 c) Yluco2 t chUa sunpur% Glucoit ch#) Vunur* "n, nhiMu X c8 h ci 1 mt 1i h khc nh mn mu. h s*n cPn. h c)m DuNt x wusit)c*)*3 D<i tc dFn" cH) m*n %nc hiu S ron)). chIn" %c tch %i cho cc tinh d&u co sunu) th0n" d b) hi nh s*n*1ol l nh$n" hoPt chOt c5 1/ c) 1 "8 ,h6n"3 ]n th8n "lucoit loPi n khn" c5 m'i3 45 ch c5 m'i s)u khi %A b/ m*n ,h8n "ii3 Kb dF: Vxkhaggq xV`xx4k kasx kaka` xxxxxxxxx khaggh aV^ Vxk4xka`x ka ka` Vini"rioit cH) ai "i<i tE 1 co*hl*)ri) )rmor)ci) khi b/ thup ,h8n cho r) s chOt s)u: g ,h8n tE %0n" "luco)
g ,h8n tE )lih drosun)t g ,h8n tE )l l iothioU )n)t iLm tr): Glucoit ch#) sun)t cTn" l h, chOt h$u c tron" cn" th#c cOu tPo ,h8n tE cH) n5 1o3 a`V s %c "ii ,h5n" r) cho a`V %i Du) h, chOt c5 set. mu %*n s UuOt hin. %5 l mu cH) set sun)t3 kn" dFn": c-n bt "hi chW, %c d+ Dc liu ch#) cc ddn UuOt cH) l)1on 1 )nthoc )n an" n" chIn" t) "n, rOt nhiMu mu sec X c8 c9u c5 th# mu 1n". c5 th# mu %9 tbmu mu cH) cc b ,h2n O l do cc thuc chOt hoPi l)1onit honc loPi )nthoc )noit3 kc sec t n lPi li!n Du)n chnt 1<i t)nin3 l)1onit l h, chOt c5 mu 1n"3 45 c5 nhiMu ho hc (nF ho{+. tron" r)u m'i 1 c8 "in" "in" ")l)n")3 C t)n tron" n<c khn" "in" nh)u3 :h0n" t)n nhiMu hn tron" n<c si. t)n tron" ru. khn" t)n tron" *th*r 1 chloroorm3 hi thup ,h8n th ,hn #n" khn" %0n" lPi t)n tron" *th*r 1 chloroorm3 :ron" cn" th#c cOu tPo c5 ch#) ,h*nol n!n rOt d t)n tron" dun" d/ch kiMm loAn"3 :ron" mi tr0n" kiMm mu 1n" lPi cn" %2m hn3 l)1on l h, chOt c5 cn" th#c ` ,h*n *romon. %6n" ,h8n cH) n5 l io l)1ol h) s ,h*n lcromon3
:h) mt h) nhiMu a tron" nh8n b*n*n t) s %c cc oU l)1on. 1b dF:
a %ro"*n ho cc h droU l)1on h) h droU l)1ol t) %c cc )nthoU )nidol l chOt tPo mu sec %9. tbm cH) th@c 12t3 #n" dFn" th@c tG: inh nhim nh8n d8n cho thO cc dc liu ch#) l)1on c5
tc dFn" li tiLu. th)nh nhit3 :7 gyh> cc nh kho) hc 4h2t ]n %A %i s8u 1 cho thO th!m tc dFn" dc lN cH) l)1on m cF thL l wutin tron" nF ho) ho{ l: wutin c5 tc dFn" hPn chG b<t cc tc hPi cH) Du trnh nhim UP3 Do nh hXn" cH) cc chOt ,h5n" UP m thnh mPch Dun b/ tBn thn"3 D<i tc dFn" cH) wutin thnh mPch Dun s %c bMn 1$n" lPi 1 cc thuc chOt cH) loPi n c5 tbnh chOt cH) 1i Dun trnh hin tn" UuOt hu Gt3 4"0i t) d'n" n5 %L %iMu tr/ bnh UuOt hu Gt. lu hu Gt. bnh )sc*rrbus (thiGu 1it)min k+3 wutin c-n c5 tc dFn" hP hu Gt ,3 4Gu ,hi h, 1<i w*s**,in th tc dFn" cn" tt3 45 c5 tc dFn" lm "im ln" )dr*n)lin 1 no1)dr*n)lin tron" mu3 :7 cn" th#c t) thO rutin cTn" l ddn UuOt cH) chromon m tron" th@c tG th tOt c cc ddn UuOt cH) chromon %Mu c5 tc dFn" khn" khun3 a) d'n" n5 %L ,hi h, 1<i mt s thuc khc3 kc sec t )nthoc )n: R cc sec t mu U)nh. %9 honc tbm cH) ho) l3 45 c5 thL t)n tron" dun" d/ch cH) khn" bo honc kGt tinh tron" cc khn" bo3 Su sec cH) sec t th) %Bi tu[ th*o ,a cH) tG bo3 C9 X ,a )Uit. U)nh X ,a kiMm. tbm X ,h trun" tbnh3 :c dFn" cH) )nthoc )n tron" %L th)nh nhit. li tiLu3 III3 :Y4I4 St s ti liu UG, :)nin chun" 1<i "lucoit. c5 tPi liu UG, thnh mt b ,h2n ri!n"3 S|i cch se, UG, %Mu c5 lN do cH) n5. 1<i mFc %bch n"hi!n c#u tc dFn" dc lN cH) :)nin chIn" ti tch ri!n"3 1) KFnh nghLa :)nin l cc chOt thuc n"u6n "c th@c 12t. khn" c5 nit. c5 cOu trFc ,ol ,h*nol. t)n tron" n<c. c6n. )U*ton. khn" t)n tron" *th*r 1 chlororm3 K/ cht. c5 tbnh chOt thuc d)3 :ron" c8 t)nin X trPn" thi ,h#c chOt "i l t)noit 1 chOt kGt h, 1<i %0n" hc cTn" nh tron" thI ch) r; lem3 khH Gu
"i l t)noit3 M) TTnh ch=t chung c<a Tan n khOt: t)nin chbnh l chOt cht X th@c 12t3 45 %c ,h8n b rn" rAi3 :Ot c cc dc liu c5 1/ cht %!' ch#) t)nin3 :ron" c8 . X cc b ,h2n %c tiG, UIc nhiMu 1<i nh sn" mnt tr0i th hm ln" t)nin cn" c)o3 :)nin c5 nhiMu tron" h thn". d. %; Du Ln. ho) mi. %2uu chIn" c5 thL c5 tron" cc b ,h2n: X 19: s6i. bPch %n. l@uZ X hPt: hPt c)u. hPt d On CZ k)nhkin)Z X r 1 th8n r: CPi hon". d8u t8 Z X "|. X l. X ho). X Du. X cc b ,h2n tbch luz (cT "i+1 cc m bo bnh lN (n"T bi tE+3 x :bnh t)n: 45i chun" t)nin t)n tron" n<c. ru. )U*ton. ,h&n l<n khn" t)n tron" *th*r3 :bnh chOt t)n ,hF thuc trPn" thi t)nin tron" c8 . :)nin c5 thL X dPn" t@ do. c5 thL t6n tPi X thL kGt h, 1<i cc chOt khc: Ync)loit. ,rot*in. "lucoit 1 chOt nh& u hi tG bo th@c 12t b/ nhu nt. :)nin c5 thL thOm r) n"oi. do tiG, UIc 1<i khn" khb n!n b/ oU ho 1 c5 mu th8m r; rn"3 hi :)nin tiG, UIc 1<i khn" khb. %nc bit d<i nh hXn" tc dFn" cH) m*n. rOt d b/ oU ho biGn t7 mu h6n" s)n" mu n8u %2m. kh5 t)n tron" n<c lPnh3 St s c8 . 19. Du. lIc bnh th0n" c5 mu U)nh h) tren" tu[ th*o nhn" khi cet r) %L tron" khn" khb s thnh mu h6n" n8u honc mu n8u3 K thG tOt c cc dc liu ch#) :)nin khi thu hi chIn" t) c "en" "n" nh trnh lm d2, nt3 :)nin rOt d kGt h, 1<i kim loPi tPo thnh t)nin kim loPi lm "im hm ln" t)nin tron" c8 3 K 12 . mt s dc liu ch#) t)nin nh %Pi hon". khi bo chG ,hi d'n" d)o Un" h) n#) cet kho)nh nh9. khn" %c d'n" d)o set3 :)nin c-n c5 kh nJn" kGt h, 1<i kim loPi nnn" a". jb. Ysu khi b/ trIn" %c kim loPi nnn" X %0n" ti!u ho t) cho un" :)nin %L "ii %c3 :)nin cTn" cho tH) d dn" 1<i cc )nc)loit (tr7 mor,hin+. khi "i) sIc b/ trIn" %c bXi )nc)loit X %0n" ti!u. t) cTn" cho un" :)nin %L "ii %c3 :)nin lm tH) ,rot*in3 Ri dFn" tbnh chOt n %L %iMu tr/ "i) sIc %i n"oi ) ch . l3 X %8 :)nin 17) c5 tc dFn" n"Jn cn ln" n<c cH) c thL %B 1o l-n" ti!u
ho 17) c5 tc dFn" dit 1i khun3 K 12t. n5 c&m ) ch 1 dit 1i tr'n" kiGt l3 Q) 4hn lo# Tan n St s n"0i ,h8n loPi :)nin d@) 1o ,hn #n" mu cH) nso 1<i cc h, chOt khc3 Von" ,hn" n" khn" %c d'n" 1 n"u !n nh8n tPo r) mu sec l do "c ,h*nol X 1/ trb n h) 1/ trb khc tron" cn" th#c cOu tPo ,ol ,h*n l cH) :)nin3 ]n th8n n5 ch) n5i l!n %c %& %H !u c&u cH) Du trnh ,h8n loPi3 4Gu ch UWt riMn 1M mnt ho hc n"0i t) ,h8n :)nin lm ` loPi: x RoPi :)nin c5 thL thup ,h8n %c3 x loPi :)nin khn" thL thup ,h8n %c3 -o# Tan n thu^ phn ?Xc _ :)nin , ro")llic RoPi n d t)n tron" n<c. tron" ru3 C*m thup ,h8n n5 1<i s@ c5 mnt cH) m*n :)n)) honc b_n" )Uit 1 c loAn" n5n". t) s %c "luco) 1 cc )Uit ")lic. )Uit *ll)"ic. )Uit lutolic3 :huc loPi n c5 :)nin cH) n"T b tE. l ch{. 19 r l@u. %Pi hon"3 Tan n +h`ng thu^ phn ?Xc Q :)nin c)t*chic :)nin c)t*chic khn" t)n tron" n<c lPnh3 45 d b/ oU ho %L cho cc chOt mu. c5 thL t)n tron" tr0n" n5n" 1 dun" d/ch kiMm3 :7 :)nin c)t*chic c5 thL ,h8n tbch r) %c cc chOt tinh thL "i l c)t*chic 1 f,ic)t*chin (l %6n" ,h8n cH) c)t*chic+3 f,ic)t*chin c5 tbnh chOt 1it)min j rOt r; rt3 4hn b Ht M lo# tan n pyrogall c '1 cat%ch c 4Gu l :)nin :)nin? ch7n" :)ninml %un 1<i :)ninml ,h*nol 1 ml )Uit chloh dric3 4Gu l :)nin c)t*chic th cho mt h|n h, khn" t)n3 4Gu l h|n h, cH) h)i loPi , ro")llic 1 c)t*chic th t) ,hi lc lO dun" d/ch Du) lc cho th!m )U*t)tn)trri bo ho r6i th!m dun" d/ch set (Ylum *+ nGu c5 :)nin , ro")llic th s c5 tH)3 a b]t sP lo# Tan n th8ng g;p
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b*nilic. honc ru %nc bit w*sinol. r*sinot)nol3 YUit nh@) : X thL t@ do t)n tron" h droU t 1 c)cbon)t kiMm3 YUit nh@) c5 nhiMu tron" nh@) thn" : )Uit ,inr)nic. )Uit s),iric %n" ,h8n3 Das>`3 kc ru %nc bit : X dPn" t@ do h) *st* ho. t)n tron" cc Ylk)i c5 ,hn #n" tn" t@ nh t)nin3 kc w*sin : R chOt trun" tbnh. c5 oU . khn" U ,h-n" ho %c. khn" t)n tron" dun" d/ch kiMm3 kc nh@) t : k5 ch#) nh8n YnthrA*n (Ylo* cH) c8 l hi +3 \c %/nh 1 %/nh ln" : 4h@). nh@) d&u 1 "m nh@). %c nhum tron" cc ti!u bn th@c 12t bXi chbnh cc thuc thE cH) li,it 1 tinh d&u (Vud)nIII+3 Vn ,hm n %c Uch %/nh bXi cc %nc %iLm 1M cm Du)n. trPn" thi. tp trn". % t)n tron" n<c (%i 1<i "m x nh@)+ c6n 1 cc dun" mi h$u c khc3 4"0i t) %M r) cc ch s iod. U ,h-n" ho. ch s )Uit %i 1<i t7n" loPi nh@)3 :&m Du)n tron" cH) nh@) tron" dc liu : :ron" mt s sn ,hm nh@). n"0i t) "n, cc chOt c5 tc dFn" sinh lN nh nh@) ")i d&u c5 tbnh chOt "8 n"hin3 4h@) c8 h bm bm. h b&u bb. ]) %2u jolo,h lum. nh@) G)r*ini) h)nburi l cc chOt t mPnh3 4h@) thn" l cc chOt st tr'n" %0n" h hO, 1 %0n" tiGt liu3 4h@) Y n"u[ tr/ "iun sn3 4h@) Grind*li) wobust) c5 tc dFn" lon" %0m3 D'n" n"oi. n"0i t) c-n tm thO cc nh@) c5 tbnh chOt "8 kbch #n" n"oi d) (lm %9. rt. %)u tu[ th*o m#c %+ nh nh@) c8 Un" r6n". nh@) 19 c8 D),hu*"ridium. cc thuc lm l!n so : knh kiGn tren". ]mtolu. bm,*ru3
! %n thuc3 V)u khi chn bnh. cJn c# tnh hnh cF thL cH) c) bnh %L tiGn hnh k! %n. r6i dnn cch sE dun". cch ki!n" kh*m khi d'n" thucu 4i dun" %n thuc c5 thL l nh$n" bi thuc "i) tru Mn kinh n"him. cTn" c5 thL l nh$n" bi thuc sn c5 nh bi lFc 1/. t# Du8n. t# 12t333r6i "i) "im th!m 1/ n . b<t 1/ ki)3 Cnc bit. n"0i th& thuc c&n d@) 1o cc triu ch#n" %iLn hnh. hon cnh cF thL. tbnh chOt c) bnh. thL bnh. tnh trPn" s#c kho. % tuBi3333%L k! mt bi thuc hon ton th*o sn" kiGn h) kinh n"him cH) mnh3 :u[ th*o kinh n"him cH) nhiMu n"0i. tron" mt %n thuc c5 thL c5 nhiMu 1/ `> xs> 1/. th2m trb ^> x q> 1/3 CiMu n cTn" c5 ,h&n %In"3 4hn" khn" n!n 1 12 m cho r_n" thuc %n" ,hi c5 nhiMu 1/ m<i tt3 4hn lPi l/ch sE. nhOt l nh$n" bi thuc kinh n"him nBi tiGn". c5 tc dFn" tr/ bnh tt cTn" ch "6m ^ x q 1/3 ]i t# Du8n bB khb "6m: V8m (nh8n s8m h) %n" s8m+. ,hFc linh. bPch tru2t 1 c)m tho3 ]i t# 12t bB hu Gt "6m: Cn" Dui. Uu !n khun". thFc %/) 1 bPch thc h) Ubch thx c3 ]i tiLu th7) khb mBi tiGn" ch#) %& bFn". to b5n. st n5n" t7n" cn ch "6m s 1/: %Pi hon". h2u ,hc 1 ch th@c3 ]i lFc nhOt ch$) cm st. kht n<c. kh min". tiLu tin %9 "6m ` 1/ 1<i tp l s)u: h ,h&n hoPt thPch 1 g ,h&n c)m tho3 Cnc bit c5 bi thuc ch %c 1/: c)o b)n lon". ) "i)o (k*o chG t7 d) l7) cPo b9 ln" c5 tc dFn" tt %i 1<i chu Ln ho c)n Ui. tJn" kh nJn" tPo mu. chn" chon". tr/ ch#n" loPn d}n" c ddn tru Mn "8 Du{. %i c nhec. lit33+3 D)nh nBi tiGn" :rn" :rn" knh x n"0i :run" iuc. %c nh8n d8n tn thnh s tron" %n" 3 hi k! %n ch d'n" ^ xq 1/. %nc bit lem m<i d'n" h x= 1/. rOt bt khi d'n" nhiMu hn3 4i dun" mt %n thuc %n" :ron" %n thuc ,hi %H thnh ,h&n: Du8n. th&n. t. s#3 :h*o cch n5i cH) n"x 0i U) tron" triMu %nh ,hi c5 1u). c5 Du8n3 :#c tron" %n ,hi c5 1/ chbnh. 1/ ,hu. 1/ chH Gu. 1/ h| tr3
iu8n l 1/ thuc chH Gu %L tr/ bnh (dit cJn n"u !n. nh_m "ii Du Gt triu ch#n" chH Gu+3 iu8n khn" bet buc ,hi c5 liMu ln" c)o3 :h&n 1/ thuc %5n" 1)i tr- "iI, %} 1/ Du8n c5 tc dFn" tr/ bnh mPnh hn3 : nh_m ` mFc %bch: mt x #c chG 1/ Du8n khi 1/ n c5 %c Du c)o h) c5 tc dFn" dc lN thi!n lch3 a)i "iI, %} 1/ Du8n "ii Du Gt nh$n" triu ch#n" th# Gu cH) bnh h) khi c5 bnh kG ,ht3 V# cTn" nh_m ` mFc %bch: mt x ddn cc thuc 1o %In" kinh nh khn" hoPt ddn thuc 1o kinh thi dn". ct cJn ddn thuc 1o kinh dn" mnh3 k)m tho tJn" kh nJn" hO, thu thuc3 a)i x h| tr tron" %n thuc3 :rn" :rn" knh c5 %n thuc m) hon" th)n" tri su n khn" r) m6 hi. st ,ht b)n. rWt lPnh. %)u nh#c khe, n"0i "6m cc 1/ s)u: S) hon" x Du8n. "iI, r) m6 hi 1 "ii biLu3 iuG chi x th8n. "iI, m) hon". kbch thbch sm nhit lm Om c thL3 aPn" nh8n x t. "iI, m) hon" hP su n ("im ho+3 k)m tho x s#. %iMu ho cc 1/ thuc tr!n. "iI, c thL hO, thu thuc nh)nh hn3 :ron" %n ,hi c5 %H Du8n. th&n. t. s#. nhn" khn" nhOt thiGt ,hi c5 %H ^ 1/3 k5 khi ch %c 1/ nhn" cTn" c5 thL lm nhim 1F c Du8n 1 s# honc th&n 1 t3 :ron" %n ct cJn c)m tho. tron" %5 ct cJn 17) l Du8n (thn" li cun" hn" tr/ ho+ 17) l s# %L ddn thuc %i l!nZ c)m tho 17) l th&n (n"t nhu2n sinh t8n d/ch+ 17) l t (th)nh nhit. "ii %c+3 :ron" %n tiLu th7) khb "6m s 1/: %Pi hon" 17) l Du8n (th)nh nhit. cn" t[+ 17) l s# (t@ %i 1o kinh tr0n" 1 1/+Z mn" ti!u l th&n 1/ mnn lm mMm ,h8n. nhu2n trn"Z c)n tho l t c5 tc dFn" ho hoAn s#c t cH) mn" ti!u. %Pi hon". %6n" th0i c5 tc dFn" %iMu 1/ nhu2n to3 :5m lPi khi k! %n thuc ,hi nem 1$n" nhim 1F cH) t7n" 1/ tron" %n %L k!dc liu chu !n kho) khn" I: jaI:4\I (\hng s nh tho !]c+ IxCPi cn"
g3 hi nim 4Jm gyqg: )tm)n %A %) r) %/nh n"hv) khn" sinh: khOt khn" sinh l cc chOt ho hc do 1i sinh 12t tPo r). c5 kh nJn" #c chG s@ ,ht triLn cH) 1i khun 1 cc 1i sinh 12t khc. th2m chb c-n ti!u dit chIn" X n6n" % loAn"3 :h*o %/nh n"hv) n . cc chOt ti!u %c c5 tbnh chOt %n thu&n tBn" h,. cc h, chOt sun)mid ur)olidonu %Mu khn" ,hi l chOt khn" sinh3 4"c lPi nh$n" chOt thuc n"u6n "c 1i sinh 12t tr<c ki) n) %A %c %iMu chG b_n" con %0n" tBn" h, h) bn tBn" h, 1dn %c "i l chOt khn" sinh: clor)m*nicol. str*,tom cin. t*tr)c clin. ,*niUilinu 4" n) t7 khn" sinh c-n %c mX rn" %i 1<i h, chOt tr/ 1i khun %c ,h8n chiGt t7 th@c 12t thn" %n"3 4"0i t) "i nh$n" chOt khn" sinh c5 n"u6n "c t7 tho mc n l khn" sinh tho mc h) l ,h toncid3 4"oi cc chOt tr/ 1i khun nh %A n5i X tr!n. n" n) n"0i t) c-n UG, cc chOt 1<i n6n" % thO, c5 tc dFn" tr/ nOm hP %n" "8 bnh. si!u tr'n". wick*tsi). n"u !n sinh %n" 12t cTn" l chOt khn" sinh3 `. R/ch sE tm kiGm jh toncid: :ron" l/ch sE ,ht triLn c hc cH) d8n tc t) cTn" nh nhiMu d8n tc khc tr!n thG "i<i. tr<c khi c5 khi nim khn" sinh n5i chun" 1 jh toncid n5i ri!n". loi n"0i cTn" %A t7n" sE dFn" nhiMu loPi c9 c8 1o mFc %bch chn" nhim tr'n"3 :u :vnh (thG kp \IK+ %A biGt sE dFn" nhiMu loPi th@c 12t c5 tbnh chOt khn" khun mPnh: :9i. a. : mcu tr/ cc bnh nhim tr'n"3 SAi 1M s)u n (thG kp \I\+ n"0i t) m<i biGt tron" t9i c5 )liUin. h c5 odorin. t mc c5 ]r)ilin l nh$n" hoPt chOt c5 tc dFn" khn" sinh chn" 1i khun "8 bnh3 R/ch sE tm kiGm jh toncid %c bet %&u t7 1ic tm nh$n" tinh d&u thm chG t7 th@c 12t c5 tc dFn" tr/ bnh3 4Jm g==> D)1)n* %A n"hi!n c#u tbnh khn" khun cH) l b6 %o 1<i ]3)nthr)cis3
4Jm g==o w3och tm thO tbnh khn" khun cH) nhiMu loPi tinh d&u3 k'n" nJm. kh)mb*rl)nd hc tr5 cH) j)st*ur %A ch#n" minh r_n" nhiMu loPi tinh d&u c5 tbnh khn" khun mPnh khn" kWm " )Uit c)cbonic3 gy`=. ]3j3:okin %A "i cc chOt b) hi t7 c8 U)nh c5 tc dFn" %i 13>>> loi th@c 12t %L kiLm tr) tbnh khn" khun cH) chIn"3 X Kit 4)m. cTn" t7 nh$n" nJm %&u cH) th2, kp h> (thG kp `>+ ,h-n" %n" th@c n"him do bc sv 4"u n KJn aXn" lAnh %Po. %A bet %&u sE dFn" cc kz thu2t m<i %L %iMu tr) cc ,ht hin t2, %on khn" sinh tho mc3 rn" %A Uc %/nh %c gy= loi th@c 12t X Kit 4)m c5 jh toncid3 ] mn Dc :hI c5 tc dFn" mPnh 1<i cc 1i tr'n" "8 bnh tron" thI :r0n" CPi hc 4n" n"hi, I cTn" tron" th0i "i)n n %A n"hi!n c#u 1 tu Ln chn %c `= loi th@c 12t X n<c t)3 hc n" cn" rn" rAi3 jhPm 1i #n" dFn" cH) jh toncid tron" c hc 1 :hI
iu) kGt Du n"hi!n c#u cH) chIn" ti. 1ic sE dFn" khn" sinh tho mc %iMu tr/ c5 hiu Du tt cc bnh nhim khun %0n" ti!u ho. %0n" h hO,. tiGt niuu cH) "i) sIc. "i) c&m 1 n" m2tu X n<c t). %A khn" %/nhZ mX r) mt triLn 1n" tt %, tr<c met cTn" nh l8u di3 s3 jh8n RoPi 4" n) n"0i t) chi) jh toncid r) lm ` nh5m s)u: a) Nh! 4hytonc 0 bay h5 R nh$n" jh toncid do th@c 12t thn" %n" tiGt r) c5 kh nJn" khuGch tn 1o khn" khb 1 c5 tc dFn" #c chG s@ sinh trXn". ,ht triLn cH) 1i khun3 45i cch khc. jh toncid b) hi chbnh l cc *th*r th@c 12t3 b) Nh! 4hytonc 0 +h`ng bay h5 3 R nh$n" jh toncid do th@c 12t thn" %n" tiGt r)3 45 X s8u tron" cc tG bo
th@c 12t. khn" c5 kh nJn" khuGch tn 1o khn" khb3 Sun sE dFn" n5. ,hi d@) 1o %nc %iLm. tbnh chOt cH) t7n" loPi jh toncid3 :h0n" n"0i t) h) sE dFn" chIn" dx u ? @! jh toncid %c ,h8n bB kh rn" rAi X "i<i th@c 12t. "&n nh bn mu lIc no chIn" t) cTn" c5 sn jh toncid %L ch$) bnh cho "i) sIc3 kch chG biGn3 Gi thnh hP3 hn" "8 n!n cc hin tn": Vc. d/ #n". khn" c5 tc dFn" ,hF nh cH) cc khn" sinh n"u6n "c 1i nOm. 1i khun3 Kb dF: Vtr*,tomiUin c5 nh hXn" UOu %Gn th&n kinh thbnh "ic. th&n kinh ou khlor)m*nicol #c chG s@ tPo thnh cc tG bo non. nhOt l cc tG bo mu. tG bo tinh tr'n". d "8 hin tn" su tup 1 Dui th)i3 j*nicilin "8 hin tn" d/ #n". sc Du mdn. c-n khn" sinh tho mc khn" %) t<i hin tn" d/ #n"Z n"c lPi mt s loPi c-n c5 tc dFn" ,h-n". chn" d/ #n" nh ]r)silin 1 ]r)sil*in cH) t mc. Int*olin cH) im n"8n3 4h$n" chOt n c5 tc dFn" kho) m*n hist)min d*c)rboUil)). ,hn #n" sinh hist)min b/ %nh lPiZ do hin tn" d/ #n" khn" U r)3 :h@c tG ch) c5 ti liu no n5i 1M Du trnh khn" jh toncid t@ nhi!n cH) 1/ tr'n"Z c-n tron" ,h-n" thb n"him cH) chIn" ti Du trnh "8 khn" nh8n tPo cH) f3koli 1<i jh toncid U r) rOt ch2m3 4"c lPi. Du trnh lm mdn cm trX lPi cH) f3koli %A khn" YliUin. tron" mi tr0n" c)nh th)n c5 th!m m*n ti!u ho 1 c)o m2t ln. lPi nh)nh hn rOt nhiMu so 1<i 1ic lm mdn cm trX lPi cc 1i khun %A khn" 4itrour)ntoin 1 :*tr)ci*lin3
M) NhXc ? @! X mt s dc liu. th0i "i)n tr6n" c8 c5 jh toncid k8u hn so 1<i 1ic nui cO UP khun h) b_n" con %0n" tBn" h,3 Kb nh tron" t9i. t) ,hi tr6n" 1 chJm s5c t9i ^ thn"3 k-n t mc th bt ,hi c5 o nJm tuBi m<i c5 tc dFn" ch$) bnh tt3 IIx :m mt jhn" ,h, %Pi cn" %L n"hi!n c#u c5 h thn" cc chOt khn" sinh tho mc ]<c g: ho st hn" loPt %L ,ht hin nh$n" c8 c5 tc dFn" khn" sinh %i 1<i cc 1i khun "8 bnh3 ]<c `: khiGt UuOt tm hoPt chOt c5 tc dFn". khn" sinh3 ]<c s: :m hiLu tbnh chOt lN. ho hc. Uc %/nh cn" th#c ho hc cH) hoPt chOtZ thn" Du) %5 n"hi!n c#u c chG tc dFn" cH) jh toncid3 ]<c ^: :m bin ,h, %L tiGn t<i tBn" cc chOt khn" sinh n 3 X n<c t). cc b<c g 1 ` %A 1 %)n" %c tiGn hnh Yx khun b/ thuc thE :r<c khi lm khn" sinh %5. ,hi chun b/ mt h) h)i mdu tron" s tOt c cc dPn" thuc s)u: 1) A#ng thuPc t5 Gi nh9 dc liu ti. lO n<c ct3 RO n<c ct. ,h) th!m n<c cOt 1o. 1ugg>>u (tu[ th*o tc dFn" khn" sinh cH) dc liu %5 mPnh h) Gu+3 4hc %iLm: 4Gu lm khn" sinh %5 X dPn" n d ldn nhiMu tP, chOt. "8 kh5 khJn cho 1ic nh2n UWt. %nh "i kGt Du cH) 1-n" 19 khun3 M) A#ng thuPc s:c SFc %bch %L kiLm tr) hoPt chOt khn" sinh c5 ch/u %c nhit khn"3 Kb dF: kc jh toncid X dPn" b) hi mt 1i dPn" jh toncid khc. khn" ch/u %c tc dFn" cu nhit3 4Gu %*m sec. r6i thE. s mOt hoPt tbnh khn" sinh3 4"c lPi. cc jh toncid cH) t mc3 im n"8n. set %Otu %*m sec %nc. r6i thE th hoPt tbnh khn" sinh 1dn khn" th) %Bi3
Q) -1! cao f cc 0#ng k)o l9n". c)o %nc 1 c)o kh %L kiLm tr) khn" sinh %9. cch n cho t) chn %c cc dc liu c5 hoPt tbnh khn" sinh c5 ch/u %c nhit % c)o h) khn" tc dFn" khn" sinh c5 b/ th) %Bi bXi Du trnh chG biGn khn" S) 4h5 +h`Z ngh cn b]t rO ?dp ' Gn ?@ the 5) )h 7t ho#t ch=t trong cc 0#ng 0ung !` +hc nhau3 SFc %bch: \*m hoPt chOt khn" sinh cH) dc liu. t)n tt nhOt tron" mi tr0n" no3 :7 %5. t) l@) chn jhn" ,h, chiGt UuOt3 CL trnh cc s)i l&m tron" khi bo chG. 1 sE dFn" dc liu s)u %8 : khi thE hoPt l@c khn" sinh. t) c&n chI N th!m mt s %nc %iLm s)u: g+ KM ,a: :) tiGn hnh thE hoPt l@c khn" sinh cH) dc liu tron" cc mi trx 0n" ,a khc nh)u (iMm. trun" tbnh. 1 to)n tbnh+ 1<i mFc %bch Uc %/nh U*m khn" sinh c5 tc dFn" tt nhOt tron" mi tr0n" ,a no 4h thG no c5 thL "iI, l@) chn %0n" cho thuc n 3 `+ :hE hoPt tbnh khn" sinh cH) jh toncid d<i tc dFn" cH) cc m*n ti!u ho3 )ch l1!3 iLm tr) hoPt l@c cH) jh toncid d<i tc dFn" cH) m*n ti!u ho b_n" h)i cch (chH Gu 1 Du)n trn" nhOt l thE 1<i j*,sin 1 :r ,sin+3 )ch 13 G6m s n" n"him s)u: n" n"him g :hnh ,h&n g n" k)nh th)n" jh toncid S*n ti!u ho Ki khun thE (g Du* cO + V)u %5 chnh ,a c s n" n"him "in" nh)u 1 l ,a cH) m*n ti!u ho hoPt %n". t#c l nGu t) d'n" tr ,Uin th ,a c s n" l o Q o.q3 4Gu l m*n ,*oUin th ,a s c5 ` s c5 s s khn"
c5 khn" c5 kO %Mu 1o c s n" n"him
s Q ^3 CPt c s n" tron" tH Om so>k`^ "i0. s)u %c kGt Du3 Gt Du dn" tbnh: n" n"him g 1 ` 1i khun khn" ,ht triLn %c. n" n"him s 1i khun ,ht triLn bnh th0n". t) d'n" jh toncid cho "i) sIc un" %c3 4"c lPi. n!I c s n" n"him 1i khun %Mu ,ht triLn th 1<i jh toncid %5 t) ,hi tm cch chG biGn khc khn" chi "i) sIc tron" dc3 )ch M: kTn" tiGn hnh tn" t@ nh cch mt tron" n" n"him nhn" tr<c khi cO 1i khun 1o n" n"him. t) chn m*n ti!u ho tc dFn" 1` Q s "i0 lO t) cO tiG, 1i khun 1o. %nt trX lPi tH Om g`x g="i0 s)u %c kGt Du3 kch %nh "i kGt Du c'n" "in" nh cch g: s+ khG cc dPn" thuc d<i dPn" h|n h, nhiMu loPi jh toncid bBc ?Tch: \*m nh$n" loPi dc liu no ,hi h, 1<i nh)u th c5 tc dFn" hi, %6n" lm tJn" kh nJn" ch$) bnh 1 n"c lPi3 Kb dF: kc dc liu s)u %8 n!n ,hi h, 1<i nh)u s c5 tc dFn" khn" sinh hi, %6n"3
29 29
: mc 1<i n"T 1/3 a* ti 1<i 19 ti3 4"c lPi. cc dc liu s)u %8 nGu ,hi h, s lm mOt tc dFn" khn" sinh cH)
nh)u:
31 31
aon" b 1 ,hIc b6n3 im n"8n 1<i t mc. 1<i hon" b3 :u[ th*o !u c&u 1 mFc %bch n"hi!n c#u3 ]_n" ,hn" ,h, thb n"him khc
]x jhn" ,h, tiGn hnh nh)u chIn" t) c5 thL tiGn hnh c %/nh tbnh 1 %/nh ln" jh toncid3 g+ jhn" ,h, %/nh tbnh (lm tr!n thPch %v)+ gx SFc %bch: kho thO r; ,hPm 1i tc dFn" 1 nh$n" %nh "i s b 1M kh nJn" cH) loPi khn" sinh %5 c-n d)n" X "i)i %oPn th3 k&n ,h8n bit cch thE "i$) khn" sinh th.
khn" sinh b) hi "i$) 1i khun hiGu khb 1 Gm khb3 k5 thL kGt Du m<i chbnh Uc3 ain tPi X cc c sX sn UuOt. m<i ch tiGn hnh thE jh toncid th 1<i 1i khuOn hiGu khb b_n" cch lm khn" sinh %53 CL %nh "i hiu l@c khn" sinh cH) thuc tu[ hon cnh th@c tG chIn" t) c5 thL lm mt s cch lm khn" sinh %6 s)u: 1) )ch t 7n h1nh )+ jhn" ,h, %nt 1-n" kh8u cH) a*)th* )3g3 khun b/ dFn" cF: K-n" kh8u: c5 thL l nh$n" 1-n" b_n" kim loPi %Ic sen khn" "3 X cc c sX sn UuOt. c5 thL th) b_n" kh8u thup tinh c5 kbch th<c tn" %n". %0n" kbnh = Q ymm3 khiMu c)o 1-n" kh8u y xg>mmm3 inh n"him th@c tG cho thO kh8u b_n" thup tinh tt. thu2n tin. d tiGt kim. cc c sX sn UuOt t@ tm %c3
33
a, l6n": "6m cc kbch th<c %0n" kbnh `>cm. g>cm. 1 =cm3 x jhn" ,h, %nt 1i!n thuc3 x jhn" ,h, khoWt l| tr!n thPch r6i bm b) trn thuc honc %nt 1i!n thuc
kc dFn" cF c&n thiGt khc cH) ,h-n" thb n"him ,i,*tt*. cc %on". n" %on"3
1o3 x jhn" ,h, bm. ,hun 1i khun 1o cc chun" thup tinh kbn tron" c5 cc %v) thPch %A trn khn" sinh c&n thE. cH) Gio s Cnn" KJn 4"$3 x jhn" ,h, %nt 1-n" kh8u cu a*)th* 3 X Kit 4)m. h) d'n" jhn" ,h, n 3 45 %n "in. )n ton m 1dn %m bo %c % chbnh Uc3 jhn" ,h, n c5 mO u %iLm s)u: g+ :ron" lIc chun b/ cc dPn" thuc %L thE c-n ldn mt s 1i khun khc. n" kh8u s "i$ 1i khun khn" cho khuGch tn r) n"oi thPch dc3 `+ St s t)nin. "6m c5 tron" thuc cTn" b/ "i$ lPi tron" n" kh8u. khn" thL khuGch tn 1o thPch lm tH) ,*,ton cTn" nh th#c Jn khc cH) 1i khun thb n"him3 s+ 4Gu n" n"him kh8u %m bo ti!u chun Du %/nh. ch jh toncid %c thm thOu 1o thPch. r6i #c chG s@ ,ht triLn h) ti!u dit 1i khun3 kho 1-n" 1 khun to. nh9 tu[ thuc tc dFn" dc lN mPnh h) Gu cH) jh toncid3
34
)3`3 khun b/ n"u !n liu kc dPn" thuc thE c&n thb n"him
35
kc loPi 1i khun c&n thE :hPch: ri!n" 1M thPch 1o h, l6n". t) chun b/ ` loPi: thPch nMn 1 thPch
tren"3 :hPch nMn: Cnc hn thPch tren". th0n" l loPi thPch kWm ,hm chOt hn. %c nOu tron" mi tr0n" c)nh th)n" rOt loAn"3 Vo 1cm t) %B 1o m|i %v) `qxs> ml thPch g>cm t) %B 1o m|i %v) gqml thPch =cm t) %B 1o khon" g> Q g`ml thPch. ch0 %n". bo Dun tH lPnh d'n" d&n3 :hPch trn" (thPch mnt+: R thPch bo %m %In". %H thnh ,h&n cc chOt dinh d}n" %L 1i khun ,ht triLn nh: au Gt th)nh. "luco). cc )Uit )min. 1it)min333 nGu nh 1i khun thb n"him !u c&u. lec %Mu th)nh tr'n". %un n5n" ch hGt. %L n"ui ^hx^=>k r6i cho 1i khun c&n thE 1o. lec %Mu. chi) cc %v)3 :h0n" c# `qml thPch trn" cho th!m >.` ml c)nh tr'n" thb n"him. s)u khi cO `^ "i0 X tH Om. lec th2t %Mu. chi) cho t7n" %v). m|i %v) tu[ th*o kbch th<c cho khon" s xg>ml thPch tren" c5 c)nh tr'n"3 :rn" khe, mnt %v)3 4h 12 tron" t7n" %v) s c5 ` l<, thPch:
36 36
R<, thPch nMn: chec hn. d hn X ,hb) d<i R<, thPch mnt: m9n" hn. l9n" hn %A c5 1i khun c&n thE X ,hb) tr!n3 V)u khi l<, thPch tr!n d) %5n" lPi. t) tiGn hnh %nt kh8n: kh8u s8u khon" g Q
`mm (t#c ch8n cH) kh8u 17) chPm tkZ khon" g` Q g= "i0 s)u. %c kGt Du3
Do %0n" kbnh 1-n" 1 khun. l %0n" kbnh %i Du) t8m 1-n" t8m kh8u. t<i mW, 1-n" 1 khun3 V ln" %/) thPch !u c&u %c tbnh th*o cn" th#c: \ YU]k \ Y ] k : V %v) thPch c&n chun b/ : V ln" c8 thuc (mdu+ c&n thE3 : V 1i khun c&n thE3 : V ln" 1-n" kh8u %Pt tron" t7n" %v)3
K<i ,hn" ,h, n chIn" t) cTn" c5 thL tiGn hnh %/nh ln". hm ln" jh toncid c5 tron" dc liu %c khi so snh 1mm 3 :huc U c5 tc dFn" rOt tt tron" %iMu tr/ 3 Ki khun bt mdn cm 1xs>mm 1<i thuc n mun %iMu tr/ t) ,hi tJn" liMu%iMu tr/ l!n so 1<i liMu %)n" d'n" 3 Ki khun khn" ch/u tc dFn" cH) thuc th Uun" Du)nh n" khun U khn" UuOt hin 1-n" 1i khun 3:huc n U khn" %c d'n" tron" %iMu tr/ 3 b+ jhn" ,h, cH) "io s: Cnn" KJn 4"$ kc mdu dc liu c&n n"hi!n c#u %*m n"hiMn nt thnh bt r6i nWn thnh 1i!n bnh trF c)o >.=cm %0n" kbnh >.scm %Pt 1i!n 1o h, l6n" %A c5 thPch %L tH lPnh ^>k hh ch0 hoPt chOt khn" sinh t7 khu Gch tn r) n"oi mi tr0n"3 V)u lO h, l6n" t7 tH lPnh r). %nt 1o chun" thup tinh c5 ch#) cc %v) thPch kL tr!n3 khu Ln thPc %v) 1o tH Om so>k tron" g` "i0 s)u %c kGt Du b_n" cch do 1-n" 1 khun Uun" Du)nh ch8n 1i!n nWn3 jhn" ,h, n trnh %c 1ic sE dFn" cc kh8u nhn" lPi ,hi d'n" nh$n" ,hn" tin c6n" kMnh khc: S n"hiMn dc liu. m nWn 1i!n trFu khI N: jhn" ,h, n rOt n"u hiLm nhOt l khi n"hi!n c#u nh$n" loPi 1i khun "8 bnh chun" "i$) "i) sIc 1 n"0i3
c+ jhn" ,h, thE cc jh toncid b) hi 1<i cc 1i khun hiGu khb: k5 nhiMu cch lm. X %8 chIn" ti "i<i thiu ,hn" ,h, cH) "io s wud)t n"x 0i C#c3 jhn" ,h, n %c , dFn" ,hB biGn hn c3 kch lm nh s)u: RO ` n$) h, l6n" c5 %0n" kbnh b_n" nh)u3 4E) tr!n cH) h, l6n" t) %B thPch 1 cO 1i khun c&n thE3 4E) d<i h, l6n" t) %nt chOt thuc l nh$n" jh toncid b) hi (dc liu "iA nh9. tinh d&u n"u !n chOt. bn" tm n<c ct cH) dc liuu+3Gen ,)r)in %nt tH m sookg` "i0 %c kGt Du3 4Gu khn" sinh b) hi n c5 kh nJn" #c chG 1i khun thb n"him. th nE) tr!n cH) h, l6n". 1i khun khn" mc. h) mc rOt bt so 1<i %i ch#n"3 d+ jhn" ,h, thE jh toncid 1<i 1i khun k khb jhn" ,h, n %c , dFn" chH Gu X cc c sX n"hi!n c#u: kFc. Kin 1 :rx 0n" cH) :run" n" %L %m bo tbnh chOt )n ton khi n"hi!n c#u mt dc liu no %5. c-n X cc c sX sn UuOt: cc khi cFc :hI ch) , dFn"3 :r<c khi tiGn hnh jhn" ,h, n) . t) ,hi loPi b9 hGt tP, chOt "6m: t)nin. "m. ,rot*in cH) dc liu3 w6i b_n" jhn" ,h, lm lPnh. %L lO hGt khn" khb tron" mi tr0n" nui cO %i3 kho dc liu thb n"him3 Kk tron" g` "i0 s)u %c kGt Du3 jhn" ,h, n hin n) c-n mt s %iLm ch) thn" nhOt ,hi tiG, tFc n"hi!n c#u %L hon chnh th!m3 :ron" th@c tG t) c5 thL nui 1i khun X mi tr0n" n<c th/t c5 ")n ,hb) tr!n trn" mt l<, d&u ,)r)in %L tPo mi tr0n" Gm khb3 V)u khi cho cc jh toncid c&n thE 1 cO 1i khun 1o. t) cTn" %nt tH Om so>kg` "i0 s)u %c kGt Du3 4Gu n" n"him 1dn tron" sut. "i$ n"u !n mdu c)nh th)n". t#c l 1i khun khn" ,ht triLn %c. ch#n" t9 jh toncid %5 c5 tc dFn" chn" 1i khun Gm khb3 M) 4h5ng php ?Fnh lXng SFc %bch cH) jhn" ,h,: 1 trPi chJn nui t2, thLu hin n)
C/nh ln" cho t) biGt %c m#c % tc dFn" mPnh cH) jh toncid3 :h0n" sE dFn" cc jhn" ,h, s)u %L tiGn hnh %/nh ln"3 g+ jhn" ,h, h nn" % ,h) loAn" 45 %c , dFn" rn" rAi khi n"hi!n c#u 1i khun hc 1 tbnh chn" ch/u khn" sinh X c ` loPi mi tr0n" %nc bit (thPch+ 1 l9n" (c)nh th)n"+3 ag Trong !` tr8ng ?;c: Dun" d/ch chOt c&n thE (jh toncid+ %A ,h) sn tron" nx <c cOt 1 tr'n". n6n" % gg>: gg>> s)u %5 c# gml chOt thE X cc n6n" % khc nh)u %*m trn" %Mu 1k tron" n" n"him 1 tr'n". lec th2t %Mu %L !n cho mi tr0n" %n" lPi. s)u %5 nui n" c8 mt 12t nh9 1i khun c&n thE l!n mnt thPch. %nt tH Om so>kg` Q g= "i0 s)u %c kGt Du. t) tm %c n6n" % thO, nhOt c5 tc dFn" cH) thuc 1<i 1i khun3 C5 l n6n" % ti thiLu tc dFn" cH) chOt khn" sinh3 bg Trong !` tr8ng lohng: jhn" ,h, n %A %c l*min" d'n" %L Uc %/nh tc dFn" dc lN cH) j*niUilin3 jhn" ,h, n cTn" c bn "in" jhn" ,h, tr!n nhn" %c th) ^ ml thPch b_n" ^ml c)nh th)n" 1 cO 1i khun c&n thE 1o3 c!u c&u cH) jhn" ,h, n : s ln" 1i khun cO 1o t7n" loPi n6n" % "in" nh)u3 :h0n" l lO g Du* cO 3 c!u c&u chun" cH) jhn" ,h, h n6n" % ,h) loAn" l: V ln" 1i khun tron" t7n" n6n" % ,hi %c Uc %/nh 1 bt nhOt l ,hi "in" nh)u 1M s ln" 1i khun3 Ki khun thb n"him ,hi nui tron" mi tr0n" lun lun c5 cc thnh ,h&n "in" nh)u 1<i nhit % Uc %/nh 1 tuBi "in" nh)u3 :ron" mi tr0n" loAn". mun c5 kGt Du chbnh Uc 1M n6n" % ti tiLu tc dFn". t) c5 thL chn `xs n" n"him liMn nh)u X n6n" % n"h n"0 . cO l!n `xs %v) thPch %L tH Om `^ "i0 (m|i n" cO g %v)+3 4Gu 1i khun X %v) no khn" mc (nhn" ,hi liMn 1<i n" c5 n6n" % thO, hn 1i khun 1dn mc+3 :) "i n6n" % X %v) %5 l n6n" % ti thiLu tc dFn" cH) jh toncid 1 s)u %5 %c Ybr)n)m (gy^g+ ci tiGn %L Uc %/nh hn" loPt tbnh khn" khun cH) ,*niUilin3 4i dun" 1 jhn" ,h, tiGn hnh n5i chun" "in" jhn" ,h, %nt kh8u cH) a*)ll* . ch khc: m|i mt n" kh8u tron" h, l6n" t) nh9 mt loPi n6n" % khn" sinh nhOt %/nh3 :ron" t7n" h, l6n" t) n!n b trb U*n k c5 kh8n nh9 dun" d/ch chun %A biGt tr<c n6n" % %L s)u n %nh "i. so snh U*m m#c % tc dFn" cH) t7n" n6n" % so 1kg` Q g= "i0 s)u %c kGt Du3 s+ jhn" ,h, Uc %/nh % %Fc jhn" ,h, nu rOt chbnh Uc 1 nh)nh. ch tron" 1-n" `xs "i0 ch0 1i khun mc3 jhn" ,h, n d@) tr!n c sX Du)n h s hc "i$) m#c % km hAm s@ ,ht triLn cH) 1i khun 1<i n6n" % cH) jh toncid c5 tron" dun" d/ch3 4"0i t) ,h) loAn" dun" d/ch chun cH) jh toncid X cc n6n" % khc nh)u nh ,hn" ,h, h n6n" % ,h) loAn"3 Dun" d/ch n %*m trn" 1o mi tr0n" c)nh th)n"3 kO 1i khun 1o3 S|i n" n"him mt Du* cO 1i khun %L khn" chG n6n" % 1i khun tron" t7n" n" l "in" nh)u3 Cnt tH Om so>k s)u ` Q s "i03 :) c5 thL %o % %Fc cH) mi tr0n" %L biGt tc % ,ht triLn cH) 1i khun. b_n" m %o Du)n" kG V,*kol honc cc ,*k X ,h-n" thb n"him3 46n" % tc dFn" cH) dun" d/ch jh toncid c&n thE %c tbnh th*o m#c % tc dFn" cH) dun" d/ch jh toncid chun %A biGt tr<c n6n" %3 jhn" ,h, n chun3 k8 t9i :!n khc : CPi ton (:run" iuc+ :!n ho) hc: Yllium s)ti1nm3I a anh t9i: Rili)c*)*3 !u c&u hn" n" Uc %/nh %6 th/ cH) n6n" % dun" d/ch
Ix jh8n bB 1 m t c8 :9i c5 n"u6n "c X Vib*ri3 hin dc tr6n" X khe, ni cH) kh8u . kh8u tu. Kit 4)m t) c5 thL tr6n" :9i X mi miMn nhn" t2, trun" nhiMu X hu n im Sn Q ai an" 1 Gi) R8m Q a 4i3 4"oi mFc %bch lm thuc. lm "i) 1i. :9i cTn" l mt tron" nh$n" mnt hn" UuOt khu lO n"oPi t3 :9i l c8 nh9 mc tE cH l!n3 k8 c)o ch7n" `> Q ^> cm3 :h8n "i m)n" nhiMu l di. h,3 Gi$) cH mc l!n mt cun" m)n" mt s ho) X %nh. bc tron" mt m mBn"3 ao) :9i c5 mu tren" h) ,h<t h6n"3 4<c t) tr6n" t9i 1o khon" g> x gg dx n" l/ch tr!n nMn %Ot ti U, nhiMu m'n3 :9i cH s %c thu hoPch 1o thn" g nJm s)u. ,hi kh. tr*o l!n n5c nh d'n" %&n3 IIx ] ,h2n d'n" 1 cch chG biGn :) d'n" nh :9i (]ulbus )llii+ l cH c8 t9i m t) th0n" d'n" lm 1/ thuc khG c6n t9i gq 1?. c6n n bo Dun tron" tH lPnh h thn" 1dn c-n tc dFn"3 IIIx thnh ,h&n ho hc :ron" t9i c5 mt bt iod. ,rot*in 1 tinh d&u3 k# g>>k" t9i cH s thu %c h> Q `>> ")m tinh d&u3 aoPt chOt d'n" lm thuc cH) t9i l )liin khag> V`3 Yliin c5 X tinh d&u t9i3 45 l mt h, chOt Vunu) c5 tc dFn" dit 1i khun rOt mPnh 1<i tF li!n c&u x Vt),h lococcus. Vtr*,tococus. V)lmon*ll). f3coli. t. l. tr@c khun "8 bnh bPch h8u 1 1i khun "8 thi r$)3 :ron" t9i ti. khn" c5 chOt )liUin n") m c5 chOt )liin. mt )Uit )min3 D<i tc dFn" cH) m*n )lin)) cTn" c5 tron" cH t9i. m<i cho chOt )liUin3 iu trnh thup ,h8n cH) )liin ch U r) khi n5 "n, m*n )lin)) tron" mi tr0n" n<c3 CiMu n "ii thbch cho t) tPi s)o khi sE dFn" t9i c&n ,hi n"hiMn h) "v) nt r6i n"8m tron" n<c cOt lPnh3 V@ thup ,h8n cH) )liin din r) th*o ,hn #n": 4a` S*n )lin))
`ka`kaxka`xVxka`xkaxka aa )liin )liUin IKx :c dFn" dc lN g3 Ci 1<i 1i sinh 12t "8 bnh3 YliUin c5 hoPt ,hB khn" sinh rOt rn" 1 mPnh3 :h@c tG c5 tc dFn" 1<i c 1i khun ldn 1irut 1 c n"u !n sinh %n" 12t3 Gt Du khn" sinh %5 cH) YliUin 1<i 1i khun: C0n" kbnh 1-n" 1 khun 1<i Vt),h lococcus K<i Vhi"*ll) *Un*ri : s`mm K<i Vhi"*ll) Vhi") K<i f3koli K<i V)lmon*ll) t ,h K<i ]3subtilis : ^`mm : shmm : shmm : ^hmm : ^`mm )Uit , ru1ic ka`kaxka`xVxVxka`xkaka` `kasxkxka `4as
a8u hGt cc loPi 1i khun "8 bnh cho n"0i 1 "i) sIc X "i)i %oPn dinh dx }n" %Mu b/ t9i ti!u dit3 :c dFn" dit khun cH) )liUin rOt mPnh3 :ron" n" n"him )liUin ,h) loAn" X n6n" % g=q3>>> Q gg`q3>>> %A %H s#c #c chG s@ ,ht triLn cH) c&u trun" Vt),h lococcus. Vtr*tococus. V)lmon*ll)333 cTn" tron" %iMu kin nh thG clor)m,h*nicol ,h) loAn" X n6n" % gq3>>> 1dn khn" c5 tc dFn" 1<i V)lmon*ll3 :h@c tG t9i c-n c5 tc dFn" dit c 1irut cIm "8 bnh cho n"0i3 `. KP '9 nguyGn s nh ?]ng 'dt. 4<c t9i q? #c chG rOt nh)nh s@ hoPt %n" cH) Ymi,3 hi tiG, UIc 1<i )liUin. )mi, co lPi thnh mt khi tr-n. mOt kh nJn" 12n %n" 1 bm 1o thnh rut3 D<i tc dFn" cH) n<c t9i q? nh$n" con )mi, c-n sn" s5t cTn" mOt hGt kh
nJn" sinh sn3 s3 Ci 1<i "i) c&m. "i) sIc 1 n"0i: :9i %c coi nh mt 1/ thuc lbBm n5 c5 tc dFn" kbch thbch s@ ti!u ho do lm tJn" kh nJn" tiGt d/ch 1/. d/ch m2t. d/ch rut3 :9i c-n lm tJn" s@ hO, thF Kit)min ]g th*o c chG : YliUin :hi)min Ylithi)in. chOt n %A c;n" 1it)min ]g hO, thF nh)nh ch5n" Du) thnh rut3 K? liMn \\ Q \\\\ "it mt n" . chi) ` l&n. c5 tc dFn" lm "im hu Gt , do lm "iAn mPch Dun3 K3 k chG khn" sinh YliUin Q mt khn" sinh tho mc rOt mPnh. l do
5
4"u !n tE oU hoPt %n" tron" ,h8n tE YliUin3 x YliUin cPnh tr)nh 1<i )Uit )min c st*in Q Gu t sinh trXn" 1 ,ht triLn h&u
hGt cc 1i khun "8 bnh X n"0i 1 "i) sIc3
K 1i khun b/ mOt Gu t sinh trXn" n!n khn" ,ht triLn %c3 Cnc %iLm cH) khn" sinh )liUin
x YliUin d b/ nhit 1 nh sn" ,h8n hup. lm mOt n"u !n t oU hoPt %n" 1 thG lm mOt tc dFn" khn" sinh3 4hit % cn" c)o. kh nJn" dit khun cH) t9i cn" "im3 :ron" khi chG biGn. khn" cho t9i tiG, sIc 1<i nhit % c)o (%un. secu+ x YliUin tinh khiGt l mt chOt d&u khn" mu ho t)n tron" c6n. b*n*n. *th*r. tron" n<c khn" Bn %/nh. d b/ ,h8n hup. tron" mi tr0n" )Uit nh d b/ nh hXn"3 hi ,h) chG thuc %L ti!m h) dun" d/ch nh9 mTi tt nhOt n!n ,h) tron" mi tr0n" )Uit nh3 x YliUin d "8 kbch #n" d) 1 ni!m mPc3 :) c5 thL d'n" t9i h) c6n %L Uo) b5, n"oi d). %iMu tr/ cc B 1i!m X th0i k[ :sun" Q nn" x %9 x %)u3 x YliUin khn" b/ jY]Y () Uit ,)r))mino b*noic+ cPnh tr)nh3 :) d'n" t9i %iMu tr/ rn" rAi cc 1Gt thn" c5 mH3 KI3x RiMu ln" :r8u Q ]- Q 4"@) : D! Q k7u Q ln :h9 Q Gi) c&m : : s>Q ^>" t9i cH3 g> Q`>"3 g Q `"3
KIIx #n" dFn" 1 mt 1 bi thuc kinh n"him D'n" t9i ch$) cc ch#n" bnh 1i!m %0n" ti!u ho: DP d 1 rut do 1i khun )mi, "8 r). c X thL mAn 1 thL cO,. %Mu cho kGt Du rOt tt3 x kh$) cc ch#n" lit dP c9. ch<n" bFn" %& hi. to b5n. cH) tOt c cc %n" 12t nui3 x kh$) cc bnh 1M %0n" h hO,: 1i!m hn". 1i!m ,hG Dun. 1i!m ,hBi3333 do )liUin %c bi tiGt Du) %0n" h hO,3 x D'n" ch$) cc X 1i!m , U*. chbn mW. 1Gt thn" nhim tr'n" %Mu cho kGt Du tt3 4Gu %*m so snh 1> ml ru cho un"3 `3x KGt thn" nhim tr'n". bnh thi loWt d) th/t cH) ln3
wE) sPch 1Gt thn" b_n" n<c ch{ %nc h) cc n<c l cht khc3 V)u c'n" rE) lPi b_n" n<c t9i g>?3 :9i "iA nh9 trn 1 Q ^> "r t9i "iA nh9. trn tron" g>> ml n<c cOt ` l&n lec kz. ch0 ` Q s "i0 lc Du) "Pc 1 tr'n" (= l<,+. ti!m be, s8u t7 ` Q q ml cho g con ln tu[ trn" ln". ti!m ` l&n tron" n" 3 ^3x kh$) "iun ch 1/t SB bu lO hGt "iun. s)u %5 d'n" t9i "iA nh9 trn ldn 1<i th)n Uo)n h) th)n hoPt tbnh. th!m d&u th@c 12t ln" nh nh)u. n"hiMn th2t m/n r6i bi l!n 1Gt mB3
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S t c8 1 ,h8n b: : mc l c8 c)o c5 khi tr!n g>mWt3 th8n 1 cnh "i c5 ")i nhn" bt 1 nh93
cnh nh9 c5 nhiMu ")i 1 ")i sec hn. l kW, ln" chim chn. c5 t7 g` xgq %i l chWt. hi h, X ,hb) d<i. tr-n X %&u. mnt tr!n nhn. mnt d cm. rn" s x ^ cm. tron" Du c5 s x ^ hPt. hi chbn hPt c5 m&u n8u %2m3 : mc mc ho)n" 1 %c tr6n" X khe, ni tron" n<c. SiMn nIi mc thnh
r7n" l<n3 :r<c %8 1ic kh)i thc : mc chH Gu d@) 1o thi!n nhi!n ho)n" dPi3 St 1i chFc nJm "&n %8 do tnh trPn" kh)i thc r7n" Du b7) bAi n!n : mc thi!n nhi!n n" cn" kh)n hiGm. %Gn n) h&u nh %A cPn kit3 II 3 ] ,h2n d'n" 1 cch chG biGn kh d'n" ,h&n l;i "|. m&u %9 sdm. %A %c ,hi kh cH) c8 t mc (li"mum c)*s)l,ini)* s),,)n+. kc hoPt chOt t2, trun" tron" l;i "| th8n c8 1 cc cnh to3 :t nhOt l lO X nh$n" c8 %A tr!n g> nJm tuBi3 4"0i t) d'n" "| %9 Udm n ch m9n" ,hi kh %L chG thnh cc dPn" n<c s)u:
1.
Ng! + Ht3 G| : mc ch m9n" n"8m tron" n<c th*o tp l thuc n<c l gg>3 4"8m bt
nhOt ^= "i03 4<c mu %9 sdm3 4<c n"8m kit cn" l8u tc dFn" khn" sinh cn" tt. c5 thL n"8m kWo di ` Q s tu&n l3
2.
A#ng s:c ?;c '1 cao3 Vec : mc nh sec thuc bnh th0n". ", s l&n n<c sec lPi c cch thup X => >k
thnh cc dPn" c)o s)u :

6 6 6
k)o l9n" d g.>o Q g.`h ln" n<c c-n khon" `>?3 k)o mMm3 ]t c)o : mc : \O c)o t mc %Wn kh X nhit % h> Q => >k3 :p l bt c)o
khon" y? so 1<i "| kh3 khG t mc th*o cc dPn" c)o 1 bt nh tr!n. t) tin bo Dun. % sE dFn" 1 lPi lm tJn" kh nJn" dit khun3
3.
A#ng ' Gn 3 :rn c)o : mc 1.g`q "r ]I, Bi [r`!!`t`!]c 3 >.g`q "r3 : dc 17) %H >.oq> "r3
4.
G| t mc n"8m n"2, tron" n<c ]or)tn)tri ^>?. tc dFn" ch$) bnh cH) thuc tJn" l!n rOt nhiMu3 :hI A#ng Yly*Gr`t`!]c 3 kch chG dun" mi kW, "6m : Gl U*rin 4<c cOt k6n y>? 17) %H s ml (s>"+ go ml (go>"+ g>> ml3 (glit+ d'n" thu5c n rE) 1Gt thn" cho "i) sIc. khn" "8 %)u. rt. con 12t bt liGm. do %5 1Gt thn" m)u lnh3
5.
:rn %Mu "l U*rin tron" n<c cOt s)u %5 th!m c6n y>? 1o 17) %H g>> ml3 G| t mc ch m9n" h) mPt c) t mc n"8m tron" dun" mi kW, tr!n. tp l gq3 4"8m ` l&n. m|i l&n ^= "i03 :rn %Mu n<c n"8m ` l&n %L sE dFn"3 Vo 1> l&n3 III Q :hnh ,h&n ho hc :ron" "| t mc c5 t)nin. )Uit ")lic. V),,)nin (k gàg`^+ tinh d&u 1 br)silin kghag^q tron" %5 br)silin l hoPt chOt chbnh3 ]r)silin l chOt kGt tinh hnh kim. m&u 1n". d t)n tron" n<c. t)n nhiMu hn tron" ru3 K<i kiMm cho mu %9 (li dFn" tbnh chOt n %L kiLm tr) s@ c5 mnt cH) ]r)silin tron" n<c tiLu cH) "i) sIc+3 ]r)silin khi b/ o U ho s chu Ln thnh br)s*ilin c5 tc dFn" st khun mPnh hn3 4"oi br)silin. t)nin tron" "| t mc cTn" l hoPt chOt ,hF3 45 c5 tc dFn" lm s* ni!m mPc. c&m mu. chn" d/ch thm UuOt3 IK3x tc dFn" dc lN :
1.
I9 ' +huEn 3 :h*o n"hi!n c#u cH) ,h-n" %n" th@c n"him Kin 1i tr'n" (gyhg+1 b mn
Dc lN tr0n" CPi nc 4n" n"hi, I (gyo^+. n<c sec t mc c5 tc dFn" khn" sinh mPnh 1yj. 1-n" 1 khun `= mm. Vt),h lococcus ,ios*n*s `h mm3 Vhi"*l) d s*nt*ri) shi") `h mm3 4"oi r) n5 c-n c5 tc dFn" c 1 " g ml =q " g ml g>> " g ml3
I9 c5 th@ 3 :h*o S3G)bor 1 ]3aor1)th (gyq`+ th br)silin 1 br)sil*in c5 tc dFn" khn"
hist)nin. do chIn" c5 tc dFn" kho m*n histidind*c)rboU l)). n!n hist)min khn" %c hnh thnh t7 histidin3 ain tn" d/ #n" khn" U r)3 :hb n"him %c tiGn hnh tr!n chut bPch 1 tB ch#c sinh thiGt cH) th2n3 xR g ti!m hist)min chloh dr)t g3q? khn" ti!m n<c sec t mc3 x R ` tr<c khi ti!m hist)min chloh dr)t g3q? b) mi ,hIt. ti!m n<c sec t mc 1o Uo)n" ,hIc mPc3 Gt Du l g b/ d/ #n": Uun" Du)nh met chut b/ n"#). ni!m mPc met %93 :h*o S3 G)nor. ]3 aor1)th. R3 iss 1 3 Dirn*r (gyq`+. br)silin 1 br)sil*in c-n lm tJn" c0n" tc dFn" cH) hormon tu Gn thn" th2n c 1M bi!n % 1 th0i "i)n tr!n rut h) tE cun" c cH) th93 :h*o :I : aP 1 Di!m #n" ]Bn" (ggyq^ x gyqh+. khi n"hi!n c#u ton din tc dFn" dc lN cH) t mc cho kGt Du nh s)u: :r!n tim Gch c l2,. X liMu 17) ,hi. n<c sec t mc c5 tc dFn" lm tJn" co b5,3 :h0i "i)n cn" l8u. tc dFn" cn" r;3 4Gu d'n" >.`ml dun" d/ch n<c sec t mc `>? c5 thL khi ,hFc lPi hoPt %n" cH) tim Gch s)u khi %A n"7n" %2, do d'n" n<c sec `>? cH) ch th@c3 a) khi %A b/ cc thuc: clor)lh dr)t. Duinin cloh dr)t. ,iloc)r,in. *s*rin s)lic l)t #c chG. lm "im hen co b5,3 4<c sec t mc cTn" lm co mPch mPch Dun n"oPi 1i (mn" bi ch8n Gch+3 :i!m n<c sec t mc 1o tvnh mPch ch5 %A "8 m!. thO dun" tbch cH) th2n khn" th) %Bi3 C6n" th0i n5 cTn" khn" lm nh hXn" %Gn h hO, 1 hu Gt , cH) ch5 khi "8 m!3 :r!n rut c l2,. n<c sec c5 tc dFn" #c chG hoPt %n" cH) c trn rut khn" r; lem. nhn" nGu ti!m d<i d) h) Uo)n" ,hIc mPc cho ch5 s "8 nn 1 ti!u ch 3 :r!n tE cun" c l2, khi d'n" ,hi h, 1<i hormon tu Gn thn" th2n c5 tc dFn" #c
chG rOt r;3 K<i h th&n kinh trun" n". nGu d'n" n<c sec t mc cho chut nhet. th9. chut bPch un". thFt tr@c trn" h) ti!m tvnh mPch honc d<i d) %Mu "8 n"H3 RiMu l<n c5 thL "8 m!. c)o "8 chGt3 :huc c5 tc dFn" %i khn" 1<i tc dFn" hn" ,hOn cH) trun" khu hoPt %n" do str chnin 1 coc)in "8 n!n3 :r!n l8m sn". t mc %c coi l 1/ thuc c&m mu. d'n" khi 12t nui h) n"x 0i b/ cc ch#n" 1i!m nhim "8 ch mu %0n" ti!u ho. sinh dFc tiGt niu. h hO,3 Cnc bit tt khi "i) sIc ci sinh % b/ ch mu nhiMu3 K3 k chG tc dFn"3 k chG tc dFn" cH) khn" sinh t mc chbn" l do hoPt chOt br)silin 1 br)sil*in Du Gt %/nh3 kn" th#c cOu tPo cH) chIn" nh s)u:
k ` dPn" ,h*nol 1 Duinoid %Mu c5 tc dFn" khn" khun. nhn" X dPn" Diunoid tc dFn" khn" khun lPi mPnh hn. do n5 l g tron" ^ loPi ddn UuOt cH) chronon c5 tc dFn" khn" sinh3 Cnc %iLm cH) khn" sinh t mc3 x kh/u %c sn" 1 nhit % c)o tron" th0i "i)n di. l8u3 K> ok m br)silin 1 br)sil*in 1dn khn" b/ mOt tc dFn" khn" sinh3 :ron" l8m sn" t) c5 thL dFn" t mc d<i nhiMu dPn" bo chG tu[ %iMu kin cF thL: n"8m kit. sec %nc. chG c)o l9n". %nc h) btum tc dFn" tr/ bnh 1dn %c %m bo3
9
hn" b/ m*n tr ,Uin 1 ,*,Uin X %0n" ti!u ho ,h8n hup mOt c dFn" aoPt chOt br)silin 1 br)sil*in tron" thuc du tr th0i "i)n tc dFn" 1 t6n
khn" sinh3 hi %iMu tr/ cho un" %c %L hP "i thnh3

9
tPi l8u tron" c thL3 :r!n tr8u c5 thL t<i o` "i0 s)u khi un"3 :huc %c thi r) n"oi chH Gu Du) th2n 1 %0n" ti!u ho3
9
:huc )n ton. khn" %c3 kh s %iMu tr/ l<n3 RiMu %c tr!n %Pi "i) sIc t ")m3 KI RiMu ln"3 CPi "i) sIc: s> Q q> " :iLu "i) sIc: q Q g> "3 KII3 #n" dFn" :h*o %n" . t mc c5 1/ n"t. khn" %c3 :huc c5 tc dFn" 1o s kinh: t8m. c)n 1 t[3 : mc c5 tc dFn" hoPt hu Gt. thn" lPc. khH #. tn ,hon". ho hu Gt3 :r/ s)u % b/ # ch. tec bG kinh. In" thTn" h) khi b/ %nh lm d2, nt. tBn thn" c 1 ,h&m mMm "8 th8m tbm3 4"oi r) c-n d'n" lm thuc sJn. s* khi b/ 1i!m. ch mu %0n" ti!u ho. sinh dFc tiGt niu. h hO,u l8u n" "8 thiGu mu su dinh d0n" ch5n" mnt. ho) metu3 D'n" tr/ hi ch#n" ti!u ch r) mu do b/ 1i!m dP d Q rut cH) 12t nui: b! 1i!m ,hBi. ln ti!u ch 3 :h0n" kGt h, 1<i n"T bi tE ln" tn" %n" sec %nc cho 12t un" tu[ trn" ln"3 K<i Ou sIc n!n d'n" dPn" "l c*rotomoc h) dPn" 1i!n3 D'n" rE) 1Gt thn" nhim tr'n". ch brommotomoc. s "iI, 1Gt thn" nh)nh lnh3 hn" d'n" cho 12t %)n" c5 th)i3 nhiMu mH. n<c bn: chG dPn"
chn"II: dc liu chn" kN sinh tr'n" thI :2, %on kN sinh tr'n" X "i) sIc. "i) c&m. thI nui 1 on" m2t cH) n<c t) rOt %) dPn" 1 ,hon" ,hI3 khIn" khn" tr@c tiG, "iGt chGt nh)nh ch5n" %n" 12t mt cch 6 Pt. nhn" lPi "8 nhiMu thit hPi cho n"hM chJn nui: tr)nh chO, chOt dinh dx }n". nh %c t 1o c thL. mX cE) cho cc bnh tru Mn nhim U8m nh2,. "8 cJn" thn". mOt !n tinh (str*ss+. ddn %Gn "im tJn" trn" ln" cH) 12t nui3 Cnc bit. n"oPi kN sinh tr'n": 1*. "h*. r2n. d,u l nh$n" kho lu tr$. bo t6n. 1 r*o rec m&m bnh n"u hiLm sn"3 :u[ 1/ trb kN sinh. c chG tc dFn" %L chi) dc liu chn" kN sinh tr'n" thI thnh ` ,h&n: Dc liu chn" n"oPi kN sinh tr'n" (1*. bWt. "h. m-. mPtu+3 Dc liu chn" ni kN sinh tr'n" "6m (kb sinh tr'n" %0n" ti!u h5). h hO,. tiGt niu sinh dFc. c be,. mu u+3 k5 rOt nhiMu dc liu X Kit 4)m (th@c 12t. khon" 12t+ c5 tc dFn" Uu) %uBi honc ti!u dit cc loPi kN sinh tr'n" n5i tr!n3 inh n"him nh8n d8n tron" lvnh 1@c tim kiGm. #n" dFn" cc dc liMu tron" %iMu tr/ kb sinh tr'n" cTn" khn" bt3 khIn" t) %A 1 %)n" kG th7). tm cch n8n" c)o hiu Du kinh tG cH) cc bi thuc kinh n"him O 3 ho) hc hin %Pi s tm hiLu c sX kho) hc cH) chIn" tr!n c sX %5 s %*m lPi "i tr/ kho) hc cTn" nh th@c tin %n" chI N3 Y3 nh$n" 1/ thuc tr/ n"oPi kN sinh tr'n" :2, %on n"oPi kN sinh tr'n" cH) "i) sIc. "i) c&m kh ,hon" ,hI3 X Kit 4)m c5 mt s loPi ,hB biGn. "8 tc hPi s)u %8 Gh K* ho)n"+3 Snt : ". n"|n". m "3 : tr8u. b-. ln. ch5333 : b-. ch53
D-i d) : tr8u. b-. n"@). c7u (bnh n ,hB biGn X cc 1'n" m<i kh)i
w2n khb
: tr8u. b-. ch53 : on" m2t3
:2, %on n th0n" Uu !n "8 n"oPi kbch thbch. tPo b&u khn" khb khn" !n tvnh cho 12t nui: 12t n"#) n" kh5 ch/u. mOt n"H. ddn %Gn s@ suts c8n. ch2m l<n3 :c hPi n r; nhOt X nh$n" "i) sIc %)n" 1| bWo3 CL ch$) cc tr0n" h, bnh n5i tr!n. tr<c %8 mt s ni %A d'n" cc thuc bo 1 th@c 12t Q thuc tr7 s8u: hhh (lind)n+ DD:. di,t*r*U u3 4hn chun" cc thuc n c5 tc dFn" dit n"oPi kN sinh tr'n" tt nhn" 1 rOt %c 1<i 12t nui X liMu nh93 k bit do thiGu hiLu biGt. khn" biGt cch sE dFn" n!n nhiMu ni %A lm chGt "i) sIc3 ain n) . ,h, lu2t Kit 4)m %A cOm d'n" cc loPi n 3 kc h, chOt ,hot,ho h$u c %)n" %c d'n" ,hB biGn nhn" %c tbnh cTn" c)o3 KM dc liu. Kit 4)m c5 kh nhiMu 1/ thuc (kL c th@c 12t 1 khon" 12t+ c5 tc dFn" ti!u dit h) Uu) %uBi %c cc loPi kN sinh tr'n" n5i tr!n: at mt. hPt cH %2u. hPt n). thuc c. m&n t<i. bch b. lu hu[nhu 4h$n" 1/ thuc n r tiMn. dL tm kiGm. lPi tb %c %i 1<i 12t nui3 k8 ht mt k8 U). thn mt Ynth*ro,orum ,i*rr*i x G)"n*,3 :huc h cnh b<m: )b)c*)* h) j),ili,n)c*)*3 g3 S t c8 k8 ht mt l c8 "|. mc ho)n" tron" r7n". c)o t7 = x `q m. l kW, l6n" chim l "6m q x o h) y l chWt mc %i. ,hiGn l chGt di nhn. cun" l chun" di y x g` cm. cun" l chWt di h x o mm3 ao) t@ mc thnh ch'm X k l h) X %&u cnh. m&u h6n" h) tbm nhPt3 iu "i, di hcm rn" s.q cm khn" cun". d& g.q cm x g` mm3 S|i Du c5 mt hPt3 aPt hnh tr#n" di gh mm. rn" g^mm. d& = x g> mm m8 %9 n8u. b5n"3 `3 jh8n b
k8 mc ho)n" X r7n" nIi Kit 4)m. t2, trun" nhiMu X miMn 4)m x :run" ]: [ Ynh. ] :rPch. iun" :rPch. iun" ]nh. X miMn ]ec c5 nhiMu X a-) ]nh3 s3 ] ,h2n d'n" D'n" hPt3 :hu hoPch 1o thn" q x h3 ^3 :hnh ,h&n h5) hc: 4Jm gy^> 3Guich)rd cho biGt tron" hPt mt c5 cc chOt s)u: D&u. "m 1 mt s nh@) c5 dc %i 1<i c. mt bt rot*non 1 mt chOt kGt tinh hnh lJn" trF. n5n" ch X `qook. c5 m&u 1n" %9 1<i ) Uit suluric. khn" t)n tron" n<c3 St chOt khc c5 tinh thL hnh kim. m&u 1n". n5n" ch X gyqok. tron" ) Uit suluric c5 m&u %93 kc chOt n khn" ,hi )nc)lod. cTn" khn" ,hi "lucoid3 hn" %c 1.qh x g.>g?Z c8 d8 m2t3 wot*non l mt chOt kGt tinh khn" m&u h) m&u tren". CiLn n5n" ch ghs>k3 :)n %c tron" n<c. tron" c6n )U*ton. :*tr)chloru) c)rbon. khloror. fth*r3 wot*non khn" bMn 1$n" %i 1 3Guich)rd %A "iA hPt mt n"8m tron" n<c r6i th c 1o3 kGt Du cho thO lIc %&u c b/ kbch thbch bi chP lun" tun" s)u chu Ln s)n" trPn" thi s) l0 %0 1 chGt3 kc chOt %c tO, trun" tron" l m&m. khn" c5 tron" 19 hPt3 x Rm thb nhim tr!n ,hiGn kbnh ]et ci "h V*cco,t*s sc)bi*i 1)r 1 V3 bul*i %nt l!n lm kbnh. nh9 c)o hPt mt 1o. nGu X nhit % gy>k th s)u g ,hIt q> "i8 . nGt X `^>k th s)u ` ,hIt q "i8 ton b ci "h %Mu b/ ti!u dit3
h3 k chG "it n"oPi kN sinh tr'n" Do Du trnh tiG, UIc 1<i thuc honc thn" Du) %0n" ti!u h5) m rot*non thOm %c 1o c thL kN sinh tr'n"3 :ron" c thL rol*nol kGt h, 1<i m*n h hO, cH) tG bo. "8 hin tn" ri loPn h hO, tG bo. nhOt l tG bo th&n kinh3 :7 %5 cc n"oPi kN sinh tr'n" b/ ti!u 1 chGt3 o3 khG biGn %L ch$) "h cho "i) sIc x aPt mt "iA nh9 x aPt d&u tru "iA nh9 x Ru hu[nh ,hi x 4<c : s ,h&n (s>"+ : g ,h&n (g>"+ : g ,h&n (g>"+ : = ,h&n (=>ml+
:rn %Mu c ^ th# tr!n. c cch trH . si tron" s> ,hIt. thnh c)o %nc sMn st ( c)o hPt mt + %L n"ui so x ^q>k d'n" bi l!n ch| "h tr!n mnh "i) sIc3 =3 #n" dFn" %iMu tr/ ). kh$) "h cho "i) sIc D'n" c)o hPt mt ch$) "h cho "i) sIc. tp k kh9i rOt c)o %Pt g>>?3 K<i nh$n" con b/ nnn" ch$) nh s)u x 4" %&u bi g` th8n3 4" th# h)i bi g` th8n c-n lPi3 kch q %Gn o n" bi lPi l&n `. th# l&ng3 iu) ` l&n bi nh tr!n. d' c5 b/ "h nnn". "i) sIc cTn" s kh9i hon ton3 K ,hIt %&u. 12t t9 r) d ch/u3 V)u do thuc "8 kbch #n" nh tr!n d) %6n" th0i con "h cTn" b/ kbch thbch bXi thuc. n!n chP . cen lun" tun". lm cho "i) sIc n"#) n" kh5 ch/u h) Du) %& lPi liGm thuc. con 12t b/ kbch #n" ch7n" s> ,hIt. s)u trX lPi bnh th0n"3 khI N khi bi thuc: x :r<c khi bi thuc ,hi tem sPch cho "i) sIc b_n" n<c U ,h-n" h) n<c l
cht3 hn" %c %L d8 c)o hPt mt 1o met "i) sIc3 k %/nh %&u honc r m6m lPi. khn" cho "i) sIc liGm l, ni bi thuc (r m6m s> ,hIt x g "i0 +3 x V)u ` l&n bi thuc. d) c5 thL b/ r, l!n. g thn" s)u d) b5n" %i khn" c5 so3 hi ch$) "h tr!n mnh "i) sIc ,hi kGt h, dit "h X nMn chu6n". s8n 12n %n"3 b. Dit 1* (ch5. b-. b!+. 1* c#n" (b chWt+ X thI cnh : ch5. m{o333 RO hPt mt n"8m 1o n<c n5n" cho mMm r). "iA nt. n"8m tiG, trX lPi 1o n<c Om %L n"ui so>k r6i tem cho "i) sIc3 4<c n c5 thL dit c ` loPi 1* kN sinh tr!n "i) sIc l 1* c#n" 1 1* mMm3 k8 thn mt k8 Sc bt. ht mt. duc c. thJn mIt3 Sill*ti) Ichth ochton) Dr)k*3 a cnh b<m: )b)c*)* h) j),ilion)c*)*3 g3 S t c8 . ,h8n b 1 b ,h2n d'n" R c8 to. c)o ch#n" qxg> mWt3 R kW, ` l&n ln" chim l "6m q x o l chWt. l rFn" s<m3 ao) tr#n" mc thnh ch'm3 ao) th0n" mc tr<c l. lm cho c8 c5 dn" %nc bit X tron" r7n"3 iu l mt "ic di gscm rn" `xs cm3 :7 gs ,hb) tr!n h, lPi trn" "in" d)o mA tOu l}i rn". b!n tron" ch#) g hPt hnh %v) m&u 1n" n8u nh)t. %0n" kbnh `>mm3 :hu hPt 1o thn" ^3 k8 mc ho)n" tPi cc 1'n" thn" du n<c t). X :8 ]ec. a :8 . a-) ]nh. :h)nh a5). 4"h Yn. ]ec :hi3 `3 :hnh ,h&n h5) hc :ron" hPt mc bt c5 ch#) khon" s= x ^>? d&u3 kc chOt %c %i 1<i c nh rot*nol. s),otoUin. chOt "m 1 cc chOt )nbunmin3 :ron" %5 wot*nol l hoPt chOt
chbnh3 s3 :c dFn" dc lN Ci 1m"k" trn" ln" nhn" 1dn khn" thO triu ch#n" kh5 ch/u3 4hn" nGu tiG, sIc th0n" Uu !n. l8u di: nh$n" n"0i lm cn" tc chG biGn. bo chG Qtn bt. s)o. sO u dc liu c5 thL "8 ch n<c met. het hI 1 bu6n nn3 4Gu ti!m tvnh mPch wot*nol h) cc chOt c'n" loPi nh d*"u*lin "8 t! lit th&n kinh trun" n" 1<i cc biLu hin: kh5 thX. s)u thX hBn hLn. lit c 12n %n". s)u con 12t chGt do b/ n"Pt thX3 :r<c khi chGt: tim loPn nh/,. mPch ch2m. s)u c'n" lit t8m thOt3 x K> lbt n<c X `sok %H "iGt chGt c 1n" s)u ` "i03 :r<c khi chGt c b/ kbch thbch. 12n %n" mPnh. s)u l0 %0 r6i chGt3 ] mn bnh c8 tr0n" CPi hc 4n" n"hi, %A sE dFn" hPt thn mt n"hiMn nh9 n"8m tron" n<c lPnh ^ Q g` "i0 r6i ,hun cho c8 tr7 s8u h)i: kir,his s)l*bros) hPi n". s8u k*o x V,odo,t*r) m)uriti). r**t, kho)i. nh2 hPi bn"utu[ loPi bnh sE dFn" n6n" % ^ Q gh? bt hPt3 ^3 kch chG biGn 1 sE dFn" 4h %i 1<i c8 ht mt3 D8 thuc c :!n khc: (duc c. d8 m2t. %'n" %Fc. c8 c5c kh{n333+ Z tiGn" Ynh Q tub) root. tiGn" jh, Q d*rris tub) Kit 4)m c5 ` "in". c8 mc X miMn ]ec: D*ris *lli,tic)3 ]*nthZ h) D*rris tonkon*nsis G)"n*,3 Gin" c8 mc X miMn :8 4)m ]: D*ris trioli*t* Rour3 k h)i "in" %Mu thuc h knh b<m: )br)*c*) (j),ilion)c*)*+3 I3 S t c8 3
k8 d8 l*o. th8n kho. di o Q g>m3 k8 c5 thL mc thnh bFi h) c5 thL t@) 1o cc c8 khc DuOn thnh bFi3 R kW, ln" chim l "6m y Q gs l chWt3 R kW, mc cch. khi 1- nt l c5 m'i hJn" %nc trn"3 ao) c5 m&u n8u. nh$n" cnh ,hb) tron" c5 m&u h6n" h) 1n" nht3 iu "ic. %2u "6m q Q o hPt. di q Q o cm33 w c5 %0n" kbnh g Q q cm. di q> Qo>cm c5 m&u n8u nhPt. nhJn nh*o th*o chiMu dc3 hi b c5 nhiMu s. l;i r ho thnh "| c5 m&u 1n" nhPt m'i hJn"3 k8 mc ho)n" khe, ni. nhOt l nh$n" ni m <t c5 % ,h nhi!u c)o nh h)i b!n b0 k!nh rPch cH) %6n" b_n" 4)m ]3 k8 mc 1 ,ht triLn tt nhiMu n<c: S)l)iUi). On C. In%n!Ui) 1 mt s n<c khc X ch8u jhi3 :r6n" b_n" cch d8m cnh3 II3 ] ,h2n d'n" 1 cch chG biGn3 D'n" ton b r cH) c8 . kL c nh$n" r nh93 :t nhOt d'n" r cH) c8 tr!n ` nJm tuBi3 am ln" hoPt chOt c)o nhOt khi c8 `s Q ò thn"3 V)u khi tr6n" `q thn". sn ln" r thu %c khon" gq>> Q s>>>k"h)3 k8 %c tr6n" U*n d<i tn c)u su h) d7). dc k!nhuCOt c5 b5n th!m 1i s cho nJn" UuOt c)o hn3 Co r khi c8 c5 hm ln" rot*nol c)o nhOt. thu 1M rE) sPch ,hi kh %Gn % m g`? l %c3 hi d'n" n"hiMn thnh bt m/n rec 1Gt thn" c5 d-i h) d'n" dun" mi h$u c: c6n. *th*r chiGt 1? ,hun l!n mnh "i) sIc3 III3 :hnh ,h&n ho hc3 :ron" r thuc c c5 ch#) g> Q g`? n<c. ` Q s? chOt 1 c. nhiMu "luUit (%0n". tinh bt+. t)nin 1 chOt nh@)3 aoPt chOt chbnh l wot*nol: chiGm khon" q Q g`?. th0n" khon" q Q =?. tr7 ` "in" kub* 1 :imb* m<i nh2, 1o3a)i "in" n %c tr6n" X %6n" b_n" 4)m ] t7 nJm gy=s. ln" rot*nol c5 thL %Pt tr!n gq?3 St s c8 mc ho)n" %i khi rot*nol cTn" c5 tp l gs?3 kn" th#c ,h8n tE k `sa``h3 4Jm gys` Q gys^ R) or") 1 a)ll*r %A tm %c cn" th#c ,h8n tE cH) rot*nol "6m:
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Ru hon" x di!m sinh x lu hu[nh (Vulur+ g34"u6n "c 1 lN tbnh3 Cc lO sn t7 thi!n nhi!n X dPn" n"u !n chOt honc tP, chOt3 Gn, nhiMu X min" nIi lE). %n" %Ot3 :' th*o n"u6n "c 1 cch chG biGn m t) "n, cc dPn" khc nh)u cH) lu hu[nh: bt m/n h) cc cFc to nh9 khc nh)u3 Ru hu[nh t)n tron" d&u. khn" t)n tron" n<c3 :p trn" D `.>s x `.>=3 hi %t ch ch2m. n"n lE) m&u U)nh 1 nhiMu kh5i. m'i kh5 ch/u. %c3 `3 :hnh ,h&n :hnh ,h&n chH Gu cH) lu hu[nh l n"u !n t Vulur3 4"oi r) c-n ldn cc tP, chOt khc:%Ot. set. Ys*n. c)nUiu s3 khG biGn :' th*o cch sE dFn" m chG biGn3 D'n" %L un". ,hi loPi sPch tP, chOt. nhOt
l Ys*n. s)u tn thnh bt m/n3 D'n" un" tr/ "iun tr-n kN sinh X %0n" ti!u ho h) lm th#c Jn bB sun" hn" n" cho %n" 12t nui lO ln"3 hi cho "i) sIc un". tu t %i khn" %c un" chun" 1<i 4)`V^ 1 n5 s tPo r) 4)`V l chOt rOt %c %i 1<i "i) sIc3 D'n" n"oi n"hiMn nh9. di!m tc dc %L sE dFn"3 ^3 RiMu ln" D'n" n"oi t' . ch$) "h cho "i) sIc3 CiMu tr/ "h: Ru hu[nh mi 1<i %&u m} ln tron" mt bt snh. nh_m %L lu hu[nh t)n nh)nh3 :h*o tp l g ,h&n lu hu[nh q ,h&n d&u3 C*m dun" d/ch n bi l!n 1'n" d) b/ "h3 4" bi g l&n3 V)u s l&n bi. ci "h chGt hGt3 Dit n"oPi kN sinh tr'n" sn" X chu6n" trPi: hi g trPi chJn nui c5 cc loPi kN sinh tr'n" n5i tr!n. son" son" 1<i 1ic ti!u dit kN sinh tr'n" tr!n mnt c thL "i) sIc. "i) c&m. t) ,hi dit hGt bn n trI n"F X chu6n" nui3 Sun 12 . t) c5 thL %t lu hu[nh Un" hi. %5n" kbn cE). b/t hGt cc l| hX. tron" mt th0i "i)n g x` "i03 :Ot c kN sinh tr'n" X %5 s chGt hGt3 (,hn" ,h, Un" hi nh "i<i thiu X ,h&n chn" nOm mc. cn tr'n" cho dc liu. n5i X ,h&n %Pi cx n"+3 k5 thL d'n" lu hu[nh cho un" tron". % tr/ ni kN sinh tr'n" ("iun %T)+ nhn" bt d'n" hn so 1 x ^>" :iLu "i) sIc q x g>" :h9. "i) c&m >.q xg" St s bi thuc kinh n"him g3 ]nh "h lX tr8u. b- s$) tr8u3 :em sPch s r6i tem lPi b_n" n<c l cht: Uo)n. lim. %o. "hL. sn tr. Bi. nOu. b) "Pc. chIt chbt l)u kh cc 1Gt n#t. n3 V)u %5 ch$) nh s)u R "hL rJm "iA nt. st khe, mnh ni c5 "h3
:rn %Mu bt di!m sinh 1<i th)n cH n"h 1 d&u th@c 12t ln" nh nh)u bi l!n ch| "h3 G| b ti %t mt %&u. %&u ki) c5 nh@) ch r). d'n" nh@) n bi tr/ "h3 D8 d) chut %t ch . tn thnh bt m/n trn 1<i b6 h5n" bG, s)u %5 lu n 1<i n<c tiLu lm thuc bi3 aPt b) %2u r)n" th2t "i. n"hiMn thnh bt m/n trn 1<i d&u t8 . %un si. %L n"ui bi3 4Gu khn" c5 hPt b) %2u th) b_n" hPt thn mt. hPt mu ch5 h) hPt Du[3 kon b nt (b' nt Jn l chui+. cet n")n" th8n. b9 rut ,hi h) sO kh. tn thnh bt m/n trn 1<i d&u t8 bi3
2.
:r/ 1* ao b6 h-n 1o n<c n5n" cn" %nc cn" tt. s)u %5 th!m 1i 1o %Gn khi no nx
<c c5 m&u tren" "in" s$) s Uo) l!n mnh "i) sIc3 K* b/ n" %c ri Uun" k/, th0i DuWt. thu "om r6i %t %L dit 1*. trnh 1* h6i ,hFc3 khI N: cho %n" 12t un" no n<c tr<c khi Uo) thuc3
3.
Dit r2n3 R Uo)n. l %o "iA nh9 Ut l!n mnh D&u ho tm "i mMm Ut l!n mnh s)u khi %A tem sPch :em n<c nOu bch b h) hPt n) n" g Q `l&n3 :huc lo. thuc l kh >.q x `? %un tron" n6i %6n" tem cho 12t3 khI N n!n %/nh k[ tem lPi cho 12t nui3 ]x thuc tr/ kN sinh tr'n" %0n" ti!u h5) k8 c)u :!n Cn" : :8n l)n". ]nh l)n" :!n kho) hc: Yr*c) c)t*chu R a k)u d7) Yr*c)c*)*3 g3 S t c8 1 ,h8n bB k8 c)o %c tr6n" rOt ,hB biGn X n<c t)3 4n" thn %8u %8u cTn" c53
4hiMu nhOt l cc tnh miMn :8 4)m b: Sz tho. k&n :h. wPch Gi. ]Gn :r*u :h8n c)u mc thn". khn" cnh. c5 nhiMu 1Gt l cT. c)o khon" gq x `> mWt. %0n" kbnh th8n gq x `>cm3 :r!n n"t c5 mt ch'm l to rn"3 R U ln" chim. c5 b to3 So X bn" ho) rFn" s<m3 ao) %n tbnh3 ao) %@c X tr!n. nh9. m&u tren"3 ao) ci X d<i to. b)o ho) khn" ,h8n h5)3 iu hPch. hnh tr#n". to b_n" Du tr#n" "3 `3 ] ,h2n d'n" lm thuc k8 c)u cho t) rOt nhiMu 1/ thuc. m|i 1/ c5 tc dFn" ch$) bnh khc nh)u: x R bu6n" c)u (b c)u non+: c5 tc dFn" ti!u 1i!m rOt tt3 x C/) kN sinh tr!n c8 c)u: Rm thuc c)m rJn". min" cho tr *m3 x w c)u: bch thbch Du trnh rFn" tr#n" X "i) sIc %) th)i3 x iu c)u: 19 Du x CPi ,hIc b: c5 tc dFn" ti!u thun". li tiLu3 aPt c)u: V*m*n )r*c) l thuc kN sinh tr'n" %0n" ti!u h5)3 aPt c)u hnh tr#n" c5 kbch th<c g.q x `cm3 Snt n"oi trn b5n" c5 nhiMu 18n n8u Udm l do nh$n" l<, ni nhT UG, cun lPi3 jhi n_m X chbnh "i$) ni nhT3 V)u khi ,hi kh hPt ren chec lPi. nhJn th*o nh$n" 18n n8u sdm3 s3 :hnh ,h&n h5) hc cH) hPt c)u g3 kc )nc)loit :ron" hPt c)u c5 ^ )nc)loit s)u: )r*colin. )r*c)in. "u1)Uin 1 "u1)colin3 :ron" ^ )nc)loit tr!n. )r*colin l hoPt chOt chbnh. tron" hPt th0n" chiGm khon" >.g x >.q?3 `3 :)nin :p l! t)nin tron" hPt "i chiGm khon" gq x`>? c-n tron" hPt non tp l c)o hn. c5 khi chiGm o>?3 s3 Ri,it hon" g^? 1<i thnh ,h&n chH Gu "6m m ristin chiGm gqZ ol*in g^: l)uUin g`
^3 kc chOt %0n" C0n" chiGm khon" `? V)c)ro). m)nto). ")l)cto) 1 mt s mui 1 c3 ^3 :c dFn" dc lN g3 kH) cc )nc)loit :ron" ^ )nc)loit kL tr!n. %) s cc tc "i %Mu cho r_n" )r*colin l hoPt chOt chbnh c-n cc )nc)loit khc ch l chOt %n3 K<i c thL n"0i 1 "i) sIc: )r*colin lm tJn" c0n" th&n kinh ,h5 "i)o cm. lm co %6n" tE met. tJn" kh nJn" tiGt n<c bt. tJn" ,h&n tiGt cc d/ch cH) %0n" ti!u h5). tJn" nhu %n" dP d . rut3 CiMu n c5 li cho 1ic t kN sinh tr'n" %0n" ti!u h5)3 RiMu Du c)o )r*c)lin. s lm t! lit th&n kinh trun" n"3 Gi) sIc c5 thL chGt3 Yr*colin 1<i m&m bnh: cc loPi kN sinh X %0n" ti!u h5). d<i tc dFn" cH) )r*colin h) n<c sec hPt c)u th&n kinh cH) "iun. sn b/ t! lit3 Cnc bit 1<i cc %t %&u 1 cc c bm. lm "iun. sn b/ t! lit3 khIn" mOt kh nJn" bm 1o ni!m mPc rut3 4hu %n" %0n" ti!u h5) cH) kN chH tJn" l!n do tc dFn" cH) )r*colin3 K 12 "iun. sn b/ tn" r) n"oi th*o ,h8n3 :c dFn" t cH) hPt c)u ,hF thuc nhiMu 1o ln" th#c Jn. n6n" % )r*colin t@ do X tron" %0n" ti!u h5)3 M. Tc 0Bng c<a tan n :ron" hPt c)u. n"oi cc )nc)loit kL tr!n. t)nin c5 1)i trnh hoPt chOt ,hF3 45 c5 tc dFn" ,h-n" %c cho c thL b_n" cch lm "im kh nJn" hO, thu )nc)loit3 C6n" th0i n5 c-n lm tJn" n6n" % )r*colin t@ do X %0n" ti!u h5). lm "iun sn nh)nh s) . nhu %n" rut tJn" nh)nh. ddn t x =>"r DM. ln kh5. m{o h3 #n" dFn" : g> x `>"r : ` Q q h) g> "r tu[ trn" ln" ch53 :h9 . "i) c&m : ` x ^ "r
CiMu tr/ "iun. sn 1 kN sinh X %0n" ti!u h5) cH) "i) sIc 1 n"0i3 g3 ]! n"hW ) ,h8n tren" do b/ "iun %T) `3 kh$) n"0i. ch5. m{o. ". b/ sn d8 3 o3 4h$n" bi thuc kinh n"him :h@c tG h) d'n" hPt c)u ,hi h, 1"r Di!m sinh : `>"r aPt c)u n"8m 1o tron" n<c r6i n"hiMn nh9. trn ldn 1> "
4"hiMn nh9. trn ldn cho ch5. m{o Jn khI N: 4h8n d8n t) c-n d'n" hPt c)u ch$) kiGt l. 1i!m %0n" ti!u h5) cH) "i) sIc 1 n"0i3 k-n d'n" 19 Du c)u (CPi ,hIc b+ lm thuc li tiLu ch$) ,h' nM3
k8 thPch l@u :hPch l@u cJn. Yn thPch l@u :!n kho) hc junic) "r)n)tum R3 a l@u junic)c*)*3 (juni*ns x mu %9. "r)n)tum x nhiMu hPt3 :#c c8 c5 Du m&u %9. tron" ch#) nhiMu hPt3 g3 S t 1 c8 ,h8n b k8 th8n "|. c)o s x qm3 k8 nh9. %i khi c5 ")i. nh9. mMm. m9n". mW, n"u !n3
R mc so l* h) hi %i3 :h2m chb c5 %i ch| l mc thnh ch'm3 ao) l@u c5 1M m') h{. m&u %9 ti h) tren" bPch3 :h0n" c5 ri!n" t7n" ho) mt. %i khi c5 s ho) tr!n mt ch'm sim3 iu to b_n" nem t) nh9. tr!n %&u c-n ^xq l di t6n tPi3 K9 d& . khi U)nh c5 m&u lFc3 hi chbn mu lm %m 1n" %93 :ron" Du c5 = n"Jn ch#) rOt nhiMu hPt mu h6n" tren" hnh q cPnh3 R@u tr6n" b_n" cch d8m cnh3 45 %c tr6n" X khe, ni. nhOt l X "i) %nh h) ch') chiMn lm cnh 1 lO Du3 `3 :hu hi 1 chG biGn D'n" 19 th8n. 19 cnh. 19 r. ,hi h) sO kh (kort*U "r)n)ti+ %L tr/ kN sinh tr'n"3 K9 Du l@u ,hi h) sO kh (j*ric)r,ium "r)n)ti+ th0n" d'n" ch$) bnh X %0n" ti!u h5)3 ]5c 19 cnh 1o m') Uu8n. nh$n" n" kh "io %L ,hi kh d'n" d&n3 4"oi r) c-n d'n" Du. tu[ th0i "i)n thu hi. Du U)nh lO t)nin. Du chbn d'n" th#c Jn bB Uun" 1it)min 1 chOt dinh d}n"3 s3 :hnh ,h&n ho hc g3 kc )nc)loid :h0n" )nc)loit t2, trun" nhiMu X 19 r3 CL "i$ cho c8 khn" b/ chGt. th0n" m|i nJm n"0i t) b5c 19 r X mt b!n ("c+ cH) c8 3 4"0i t) Du %/nh tp l )nc)loit ton ,h&n bt nhOt ,hi l `.q?3 :p l n tron" c8 l@u th) %Bi t' th*o cch b5n ,h8n 1 chJm s5c3 ])o "i0 tp l )nc)loit tron" 19 r cTn" c)o hn3 4Gu tbnh th*o mui sul,h)ts th tp l )nc)loit tron" 19 cnh khon" ^.`>> x q.o ? c-n tron" 19 r l h.g x o.q>> tu[ th*o cch b5n ,h8n 1 chJm s5c3 :ron" 19 l@u c5 ^ )nc)loit s)u: x j*l*ti*rin k=agq43 x Iso,*l*ti*rin k=agq43 k h)i )nc)loit n %Mu khn" b/ mui 4 )aks % r) 1 tron" ,h8n tE c5 4 b2c ` th0n" X dPn" l9n"3 x S*t l ,*l*ti*rin k=ag^(kas+43
x js*udo,*l*tin*rin kyagq43 a)i )nc)loit n b/ mui 4)aks % r) 1 tron" ,h8n tE c5 ch#) 4 b2c s3 a)i )nc)loit n X dPn" kGt tinh3 4hit % n5n" ch cH) chIn" ^=>k3 k ^ )nc)loit n do :)ur*t tm thO nJm g=oo x g=oy3 rn" %nt t!n l j*l*ti*rin %L tXn" nh< t.oxg" : g.q x ` "3 : >.>^" x Iso,*l*ti*rin : g.s x g.q"
:p l n cTn" th) %Bi th*o %iMu kin chJm s5c. cch thu hi 1 bo Dun3 :r<c %8 n"0i t) cho r_n" ch c5 ,*l*ti*rin 1 Iso,*l*ti*rin l hoPt chOt chbnh. c5 tc dFn" tr/ "iun sn3 :h*o cc ti liu m<i "&n %8 . n"0i t) khn" cn" nh2n j*l*ticrin m ch c5 Iso,*l*ti*rin. ,s*udo,*l*ti*rin 1 m*t l,*l*ti*rin cc hoPt chOt c5 tc dFn" tr/ "iun sn3 `3 :)nin :ron" 19 th8n. 19 r 1 19 cnh c5 ch#) khon" ``? t)nin3 hi thH ,h8n cho tc cc )Uit: ")l)t)cic. di")lic. nhiMu hn l )Uit ,unicot)nic3 :ron" 19 Du c5 `=? t)nin 1 chOt m&u3 ^3 :c dFn" dc lN g3 :c dFn" cH) cc )nc)loit j*l*ti*nrin l chOt %c %i 1<i "iun sn. %n" 12t c5 1I 1 n"0i3
). Ci 1<i "i) sIc 1 n"0i :h*o Du)ridin x ]*)um*t 1 D*roch*nmr* th 1<i liu hi c)o so 1<i %iMu tr/ ,*t*ti*rin "8 t! lit %i 1<i cc d8 th&n kinh 12n %n". c-n th&n kinh cm "ic th khn" b/ tBn thn"3 K. tc dFn" cH) ,*l*ti*rin "in" tc dFn" cH) dun" d/ch )dr*n)lin lm co mPch Dun n"oPi 1i. n!n lm hu Gt , tJn" %t n"t3 rn" c-n n5i r_n" tc dFn" cH) iso,*l*ti*rin cTn" "in" ht ,*l*ticrin3 K.q Q >.h " %A "8 bu6n nn. ch5n" mnt. ti!u ch . l n"0i. ho) met333 :r!n Gch. khi tiG, sIc 1<i ,*l*ti*rrin n5 b/ kbch thbch. s)u %5 lm liGt ch8n3 b Ci 1<i cJn bnh ("iun sn kN sinh X %0n" ti!u h5)+: ,*l*ti*rin lm "im 1 lm lit cc bm cH) "iun sn3 K thG "iun. sn khn" bm 1o ni!m mPc %0n" ti!u h5) %c. b/ tn" r) n"oi th*o ,h8n3 :hE tr!n sinh 12t: 4"8m sn :*ni) s*rr)l) 1o dun" d/ch mui gg>3>>> j*l*ti*rin sul)t h) n<c sec 19 l@u. sn thi cE %n" tron" qxh ,hIt 1 chGt hn s)u g> ,hIt3 :hb n"him tr!n "iun %Ot 1 "iun m5c (Ynk loston*+ %Mu cho kGt Du tt3 :ron" th@c tG ch$) bnh. n"0i t) coi 19 l@u l thuc tr/ "iun. sn %) "i3 `. :c dFn" cH) t)nin :c dFn" cH) t)nin tron" 1X l@u l tc dFn" ,hF3 45 c5 tc dFn" ,h-n" %c cho c thL 1 "iI, Du trnh t 3 q3 #n" dFn" %iMu tr/ g. D'n" 19 th8n. r 1 cnh c8 l@u tr/ kN sinh tr'n" %0n" ti!u h5) cho "i) sIc "i) c&m3 :ron" l8m sn" d'n" 19 l@u tt hn nhiMu so 1<i d'n" ri!n" cc mui cH) )nc)loit tinh khiGt3 K cc )nc)loit tron" 19 l@u X dPn" kGt h, 1<i t)nin3 Ko c thL. cc )nc)loit n "ii ,h-n" t7 t7. n!n c5 bt dc cho c thL "i) sIc hn m hiu l@c t
sn "iun X %0n" ti!u h5) lPi c)o hn3 k5 thL d'n" 19 ti honc 19 kh3 4Gu d'n" kh t) n!n n"8m n<c tr<c 1i "i0 r6i sec3 K9 l@u kh %L gs nJm r6i. chG thnh c)o. 1dn c-n hiu l@c tr/ bnh nh 19 ti3 :r/ sn d8 cho n"0i h) ch5 trXn" thnh3 D'n" 19 l@u kh tn nh9 17) ,hi h>" n"8n 1ml n<c tron" h "i0. s)u %5 sec r6i c %nc c-n q>>ml3 Rc b9 bA cho un" ` Q s l&n cch nh)u s> ,hIt 1o buBi sn"3 V)u khi un" liMu cui c'n" ` "i0 s cho un" th!m s>" 4)V ^ h) S"V^ ho tron" g>>ml n<c3 `. D'n" 19 Du l@u U)nh tr/ bnh 1i!m %0n" ti!u h5) "8 ti!u ch . kiGt l3 s. X n"0i c-n n"2m 19 %L ch$) bnh %)u rJn"3 khI N: 4"0i c5 th)i. tr *m 1 "i) sIc c5 th)i khn" %c d'n" 1 j*l*ti*rin "8 co c trn tE cun". "8 s th)i3 Gi) sIc non mdn cm hn 1<i cc )nc)loit n n!n ,hi th2n trn"3 h3 RiMu ln" D'n" %L tr/ kN sinh tr'n"3 Ci 1<i tr8u. b-. n"@) Ci 1<i d!. c7u. ln: kh5. m{o Ci 1<i th9. "i) c&m: o3 ]i thuc kinh n"him: g. :r/ kN sinh tr'n" %0n" ti!u h5)3 x K9 l@u x aPt c)u x aPt bb n"3 RiMu ln" t' th*o trn" ln" cH) "i) sIc. c s 1/ n"hiMn nh9 sec %nc. "Pn lO nx <c cho "i) sIc un" khi %5i3 V)u khi un" g x` "i0 cho un" th!m g liMu l t l CPi hon" h) l S"V^ honc 4)V^3 s> x o> "r q Q g> h) gq "r `xq h) g>" g x ` "r
a) ,hi h, 1<i cc 1/ thuc khc %L tr/ kN sinh tr'n" %0n" ti!u ho3
`. kh$) kiGt l CL ch$) kiGt l cH) "i) sIc. tt nhOt t) n!n d'n" 19 Du l@u ,hi kh h) s8 kh (j*ric)r,ium+3 4Gu khn" c5 19 Du d'n" 19 th8n. cnh 1 r l@u %Mu %c3 :ron" l8m sn" t) th0n" h) ,hi h, 1<i cc 1/ thuc khc3 g3 K9 l@u 1<i l m9 ln"3 Vec l!n cho b! n"hW un"3 `3 K9 l@u. cH n8u 1 l Bi3 Vec l!n cho b! n"hW un"3 RiMu ln" th*o Du %/nh "hi X ,h&n tr!n3 k8 Uo)n hB lu n. s&u %8u. Uo)n tren". Uu !n lu n :!n kho) hc S*li) )*d)r)ch R3 a Uo)n S*li)c*)* g3 S t c8 1 ,h8n b \o)n l c8 th8n "|. to. c)o trun" bnh g> xgq m c bit c5 c8 c)o `q xs>m3 \o)n tr6n" %L lO "|3 45 %c tr6n" X khe, ni tron" n<c t). th0n" X %6n" b_n" c8 mc to hn miMn nIi3 K9 th8n c8 "i th0n" c5 mu mc bPc3 :h8n n#t. n3 R `l&n kW, ln" chim l3 R chWt cun" n"en. mW, khb) rJn" c) nn"3 ao) mc X k l. l}n" tbnh. mu tbm nhPt3 ao) t@ Uim h)i n"A c5 ^ x q l %i 1 ^ xq cnh ho)3 iu hPch. Uo)n c5 ho) 1o thn" s 1 chbn 1o thn" g`3 hi c-n nh9 non Du mu U)nh. nhn b5n"3 hi chbn c5 mu 1n" nhPt3 :ron" Du ch#) g hPt m&u n8u nhPt3 :r!n hPt c5 cc khb) dc l r)nh "i<i "i$) cc tOm b3 `3 ] ,h2n d'n". thu hi 1 chG biGn: :) d'n" 19 th8n. cnh to 1 19 r ,hi kh cH) c8 Uo)n (khB lu n cJn b+3 :h@c tG d'n" 19 r tt hn. )n ton hn3 hi lO 19 lm thuc n!n chn nh$n" c8 %A %Gn tuBi kh)i thc "| (h x o nJm+3 khnt c c8 . cPo b9 l<, 19 %*n r6i b5c lO l<, 19 tron"3 Co "c. b5c lO 19 r. b9 l;i "|3 4"oi r) t) c-n c5 thL lO 19 th8n. cnh h) r cH) nh$n" c8 Uo)n %)n" ,ht triLn ch) %Gn tuBi kh)i thc3 K9 thu %c. ,hi h) sO kh bo Dun3 :r<c
khi d'n". s)o 1n" hGt m'i hJn" l %c t) c5 thL tn bt h) sec %nc3 iu) 1i ,hdu t) c5 thL ,h8n bit %c 19 th8n 1 19 r3 SPch "| cH) 19 th8n hnh ch$ nh2t c-n mPch "| cH) 19 r hnh tr-n3 R<, nhu m cH) th8n ch#) di, lFc c-n nhu m cH) 19 r ch c5 tinh bt3 4hn tr!n 1i trn" n!u %i t7 n"oi 1o tron" t) thO cOu tPo 19 th8n nh s)u: R<, b&n th0n" bon" r) n"oi %Gn ` hn" tG bo biLu b UG, %Mu %nn. %m si UG, ri rc tron" ,h&n nhu m3 4hu m c5 cc tG bo hnh tr#n" UG, ln Un. ch#) di, lFc. lib* c5 tG bo nh9 19 m9n"3 SPch "| hnh ch$ nh2t UG, thnh hn" n_m tron" nhu m3 :ron" 1i ,hdu cH) 19 r t7 n"oi 1o. cTn" thO l<, b&n m&u n8u. %Gn h)i hn" tG bo biLu b UG, %Mu %nn. %i ch| c5 nh$n" %m si n_m tron" nhu m "6m cc tG bo hnh tr#n". ch#) tinh bt3 Cm lib* 1<i nh$n" tG bo nh9. m9n"3 SPch "| hnh tr-n nhu m "| 1<i tG bo nhiMu mnt3 4"oi 19 th8n. 19 r d'n" lm thuc n"0i t) c-n d'n" c hPt Du Uo)n n$) (khB lu n tE+3 kch bo chG tron" thI : lO 19 Uo)n X nh$n" c8u c-n sn" h) c8 17) m<i chnt (ton b 19: th8n. cnh 1 r+. nPo b9 miMn b&n (l<, st n"oi c'n" m&u %*n h) n8u sm+3 Cun sI. c %nc thnh c)o mMm3 :iG, tFc chiGt c)o mMm b_n" c6n *th lic3 :hu h6i c6n t) %c nh@) m&u n8u 1n". 1/ %en". m'i hJn"3 D'n" nh@) n lm thuc t "iun sn3 s3 :hnh ,h&n h5) hc K9 th8n 1 19 r ch#) mt )nc)loit 1/ %en" m)c"osin. mt chOt tinh thL hnh kim khn" mu c5 cn" th#c kya=^ 1 t)nin khon" o>?3 St chOt 1 %/nh hnh trun" tbnh3 :h*o kornish hoPt chOt chbnh l m)c"osin3 k-n :run" x R8m x Ri x ]nh n"0i 4h2t ]n th hoPt chOt chbnh l chOt kGt tinh hnh kim khn" m&u X tr!n. c5 % n5n" ch gqôk3 :ron" 19 Uo)n con c5 kulinon. ku)cton 1 kulol)cton3 :Ot c %Mu l ddn UuOt cH) *u,h)n3 aPt (khB lu n tE+ c5 cc thnh ,h&n thuc loPi t*tr)U clotrit*c,in3 :h*o C| :Ot Ri. Du c-n ch) )nc)loit l ))ridin. chOt %&u khon" h>?3 :ron" d&u c5 si!m
sinh n!n c5 m'i t9i3 :ron" 19 r. th8n. cnh 1 hPt n"oi nh5m chOt t*tr)U clotrit*c,in c-n c5 cc chOt %en" "oi chun" l llu n khB 1/ tm3 :h*o C| :Ot Ri. Cnn" KJn :r0n" gyo> 1 a6 V'n" Gi). t7 19 Uo)n %A chiGt %c mt hoPt chOt c5 ,hn #n" nh@) %5 l toos*nd)nin3 khOt n c5 tc dFn" tr!n "iun %Ot. "iun ln 1 "iun n"0i3 x R Uo)n ch#) )nc)loit l ,)r)isin mt bt rulin. chiGm khon" >.q? tbnh th*o l kh3 ^3 :c dFn" dc lN g3 K<i "iun sn :h*o a6 V'n" Gi) th hoPt chOt c5 tc dFn" tr/ "iun sn ("iun ln+ l mt chOt nh@) trun" tbnh. nhn" tbnh chOt khn" Bn %/nh. bo Dun s)u g thn" tc dFn" b/ "im3 4"0i t) chiGt 19 Uo)n b_n" c6n ft lic3 D/ch chiGt 19 Uo)n b_n" ru liMu >.`q? %A lm "iun ln s) Z nh@) trun" tbnh ch c&n n6n" % >.g? cTn" c5 tc dFn" tn" t@ lm chGt "iun ln s)u s> ,hIt3 :h*o a Sn" Gi) gy=^ nh@) trun" tbnh chiGt r) t 19 Uo)n c5 kh nJn" lm t! lit th&n kinh %&u 1 "ic bm cTn" nh cc %t sn ch) thnh thFc3 :h*o Du)n %iLm hin n) cH) ,h&n %n" cc nh kho) hc c m)c"osin 1 nh@) trun" tbnh %Mu l hoPt chOt c5 tc dFn" tr/ "iun sn3 4"oi r) n<c sec 19 Uo)n c5 tc dFn" #c chG cc 1i khun "8 bnh tr!n d)3 45 c5 tc dFn" tr/ 1i!m 8m %Po do tP, khun3
2.
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th) %Bi r; X h tun hon 1 h hO,. hu Gt , ch) tJn"3 4Gu ti!m tvnh mPch dun" d/ch n6n" % g?. th9 kh5 thX Z s? th9 chGt3 D'n" 19 Uo)n tr/ "iun sn cho "i) sIc. h) "n, cc ,hn #n" ,hF: "i) sIc b/ nn. %& bFn"3 jhn #n" n mOt %i rOt nh)nh3 RiMu c)o. "i) sIc c5 biLu hin n" %c l do th&n kinh trun" n" b/ kbch thbch.
nhOt l th&n kinh 12n %n"3 4h@) Uo)n chiGt t7 19 c5 thL lm "i) sIc %)u bFn". %& bFn". ,ht st. met %9 n"&u3 V)u %5 ton th8n Gu mt. t# chi t! dPi3 q3 RiMu ln" RiMu ln" hPt :r8u. b-. n"@) : s> x o> "r D!. ln K x g`> "r D!. ln :h9. "i) c&m h3 #n" dFn" x :h0n" h) d'n" hPt 1 19 r %iMu tr/ kN sinh tr'n" %0n" ti!u ho cho "i) sIc: "iun %T). "iun m5c c8u 1 sn3 hi d'n" thuc tr/ "iun sn t) khn" c&n un" th!m thuc t 1 bn th8n n5 c5 tc dFn" kbch thbch nhu %n" rut3 x D'n" n"oi %L ch$) kh$) cc u nht c tbnh %)n" tron" th0i k[ 1i!m tiGn triLn: 45n" x %9 x %)u3 K9 Uo)n n"8m ru Uo) b5, ni %)u3 CiMu tr/ 1Gt thn" c5 d-i3 K9 Uo)n n"hiMn thnh bt m/n trn ldn 1<i bt ln" nAo rec 1o 1Gt thn"3 kh$) "h lX. cH) "i) sIc: 19 Uo)n h) l Uo)n nOu n<c tem3 (St 1i ni. nh8n d8n c-n d'n" n<c l Uo)n tr/ s8u ,h hoPi c8 tr6n"3 a) d'n" l Uo)n kh b9 1o cc ch'm hPt "in": th5c. lPc. %|u tr/ mt+3 o3 ]i thuc kinh n"him :ron" %iMu tr/. n!n ,hi h, 1<i cc 1/ thuc khc: sE Du8n tE ch$) "iun %T)3 jhi h, 1 x `> "r : g x `"r3 : g> x `> "r
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Vec 19 Uo)n trn di!m sinh cho n"hW un"3 kh$) 1Gt thn" c5 d-i K9 Uo)nZ ]t lon" nAo honc bJn" ,hiGn K9 Uo)n %t thnh th)n. tn thnh bt m/n g ,h&n3 ]t ln" no h) bJn" ,hiGn n"hiMn thnh bt m/n mt ,h&n3 a)i th# trn %Mu rec l!n 1Gt thn" c5 d-i3 ]b n" x ]b %9 x ]&u Ro kucurbit)* ,*,o R3 a b&u bb: kucurbit)c*)* g3 S t c8 k8 bb n" l mt loPi th8n l*o. kh9*. l to. d& . r,. 1 c5 nhiMu ln" c#n". mW, l rJn" c) khn" %Mu. ho) %on tbnh. mu 1n". tr!n c'n" mt c8 3 ao) ci b)o "i0 cTn" c5 b&u r;3 :rn" ho) c5 mu cnh hn mu 1n". c5 rAnh s8u3 iu to c5 th/t. khi non c5 mu U)nh. khi chbn "i c5 mu 1n"3 K9 rt c#n". tron" Du c5 nhiMu hPt3 iu th0n" thu 1o thn" h x o dn" l/ch3 `3 jh8n b ]b n" %c tr6n" X khe, ni tron" n<c %L lO r)u. lO Du 1 chJn nui3 :ron" chn" trnh KYk %L ci tPo 1 ,ht triLn nn" thn cH) t). c8 bb n" l mt tron" nh$n" c8 %c Du)n t8m tr6n" tron" 10n "i) %nh3 s3 ] ,h2n d'n" D'n" Du lm r)u Jn X n"0i 1 th#c Jn bB sun" cho "i) sIc. "i) c&m3 iu chbn d'n" lm thuc3 ]B sun" 1it)min Y. %iMu tr/ bnh thiGt 1it)min Y3 aPt bb n" x s*m*m cucurbit)*3 aPt d,. di >.= x gcm rn" >.^ x >.qcm d& ` x^mm3 aPt c5 mu tren" 1n"3 kOu tPo cH) hPt t7 n"oi 1o K9 d& . mu tren" nhPt h) tren" 1n"3 x K9 lF) rOt m9n" mu U)nh lFc dbnh li!n 1<i nh8n3
4h8n "6m ` l m&m. m|i l c5 mt mnt ,hn" X tron" 1 mt mnt khum th*o chiMu con" cH) 19 c#n" X ,hb) n"oi3 R m&m mu tren". hnh tri Uo)n dt3 aPt bb n" ,hi d'n" ti. tt nhOt l b5c l<, 19 hPt c#n" d'n" n") 3 ^3 :hnh ,h&n h5) hc: 1. H#t :ron" hPt ch#) mt h*t*oit c5 t!n ,*,onoit. m)n" tbnh chOt nh@) c5 X tron" ,hi 1 19 lF) m&u "hi3 Cc R*ndi tm thO nJm gys= b_n" cch d'n" cc dun" mi h$u c : *th*r d&u ho. chloroorm. ru. %L chiGt3 x khOt d&u t)n tron" *th*r d&u ho. chiGm khon" so?. "6m cc )Uit bWo s)u: linol*ic chiGm ^q?. ol*ic `q?. ,)nmitic 1 st*)ric s>?3 :ron" %5 c5 khon" g.=? l chOt khn" U ,h-n" ho %c cucurbit*)3 x khOt t)n tron" chloroorm l h droc)cbu) c5 t!n S*l*n ks>a`` 1 g Vt*roid3 x kc chOt t)n tron" ru: R*Uithin. cc %0n" V)cro) 1 ructo)3 x kc chOt t)n tron" n<c "6m ,*ctin 1 jrot*in3 :h*o rishm)n th jrot*in "6m "lobulin o.s?. "lut*lin y.^?. ,rotit t)n tron" n<c h.^?3 jrot*o) s.q?. ,*,ton g.g?Z k-n lPi cc chOt khc chiGm g.h?3 khOt t)n tron" )Uit cloh dric l cc mui ,hot,h)t. ,h tin3 KM ,hn" din th@c ,hm. Y3 l*cl*r* %A ,h8n tbch hPt bb n" 1 cho kGt Du s)u: 4<c jrot*in khOt bWo C0n" :ro k*lulo) ` iu :ron" th/t Du bb n" (Du nhFc+ c5 ch#) cc chOt: x khOt %0n": V)c)ro). "luco). ,*ntos). c)rot*noit. Yc"inin. )s,)r)"in. q.q^? ss.y>? sy.qo? `.>>? s.yq? gq.>h?
tri"on*llin3 x kucurbit*n k^>aqh3 x kucurbit) U)nthin k^>aqh` x kc 1it)min Y`. ]g. k^ x Ri,it >.`? x :ro >.o? q3 kn" dFn" aPt bb n" %c d'n" lm thuc t7 th0i cB U) (jlin*+3 45 %c d'n" ch$) kN sinh tr'n" cho "i) sIc 1 n"0i3 aPt bb n" nh khn" %c. d'n" %L t kN sinh tr'n" rOt )n ton3 k5 thL d'n" cho c "i) sIc non. bt d'n" 1> x `>>" 4!n d'n" ,hi h, 1<i cc 1/ thuc khc %L tr/ kN sinh tr'n" %0n" ti!u ho: hPt c)u. 19 Uo)n. c)o dn" U (Ys,idium iliU Q m)s+3 4"oi r) n"0i r) c-n sE dFn" hPt bb n" l n"u6n th#c Jn bB sun" ,rot*in 1 li,it rOt DuN cho "i) sIc honc W, d&u d'n" tron" kz n"h th@c ,hm3 `3 iu D'n" lm th#c Jn U)nh d@ tr$. l n"u6n bB sun" Kit)min Y. ]. k DuN cho "i) sIc3 o3 k chG aoPt chOt tr/ "iun sn cH) hPt bb n" c5 tron" ,hi 1 19 lF) khOt n c5 tc dFn" lm t! lit th&n kinh cH) "iun. sn d8 . c5 bt tc dFn" hn 1> Q `>> ": b5c 19 c#n" th!m chIt %0n". "iA nh9. cho ch5 Jn 1o buBi sn"3 h) n"hiMn nt hPt bb n" c 19 c#n". th!m n<c n"2, 1 %un nh9 lE)
%Gn si. tt nhOt n!n %un cch thup si ch0 n"ui cho un"3 V)u g Q ` "i0 cho un" th!m n<c sec cH): w Uo)n ="Z w l@u ="3 Vec %nc un" tron" g l&n : sn s mbt cH) ch5 aPt bb n" b5c 19 g>>"Z %0n" mb) h) m2t q>"3 4"hiMn m/n hPt bb n" tron" %0n" h) m2t Jn g l&n tron" n" . s)u s "i0 un" th!m thuc t 3 `3 : "iun kim cho tr *m (th)m kho+ aPt bb n" q>" x g>> " ch) b5c 19 c#n" h) s> Q o> " %A b9 19. Jn liMn mt lIc 1o buBi sn" s)u s> ,hIt un" th!m thuc t 3 s3 : sn d8 X n"0i l<n aPt bb n" s>>" c 19 c#n" h) gq> " hPt %A b5c 19 Jn mt lIc 1o buBi sn" khi c-n %5i s)n %5 n5n" n<c sec cH): aPt c)u q>". r l@u q>"3 sE Du8n tE x Du nOc x thuc "iun :!n kho) hc iuisDu)lis indic) R a ]n" kombr*t)c*)*3 g3 S t c8 1 ,h8n b k8 thuc "iun l mt c8 cnh mMm mc thnh bFi ri!n" r. h) l*o 1o nh$n" c8 khc3 R mc %i. ho) mc thnh ch'm %9 tbm. cnh ho) dbnh liMn thnh hnh ,hu. "6m q cnh X tr!n3 ao) nX t7 thn" ^ x h dn" l/ch3 iu c5 19 c#n" hnh khG nh9. c5 q cPnh3 k8 c5 Du thn" h x o3 iu chbn 1o cc thn" ox=xy 1 g>3 iu non c5 mu U)nh. khi chbn c5 mu n8u %9. sdm tbm3 :ron" Du ch) nh8n hnh thoi mu 1n" 1/ n"on. n"t nh nh8n hPt d3 V)u kho tr6n" ` Q snJm c8 cho Du3 St c8 nJm cho q Q gq k" Du tn" %n" q Q `>k" "Po3 k8 tr6n" X %6n" b_n" h) thnh ,h ch c5 ho). bt cho Du3 X n<c t) c8 mc ho)n" X khe, ni. nhOt l r7n" nIi Kit ]ec. :8 ]ec3 k8 mc t@ nhi!n h) tr6n" b_n" cch d8m cnh 1o thn" gx` honc thn" ox= hn" nJm3 kTn" c5 thL tron" b_n" hPt3 4"oi r) c8 mc nhiMn X On C. :run" iuc. jhili,in. SiGn Cin. SA R)iu
`3 ] ,h2n d'n" D'n" Du chbn3 hi Du chbn. thu 1M b5c lO nh8n ,hi kh 1<i t!n 1/ thuc l VE Du8n tE V*m*n Duis,Du)lis3 ain n) b!n c hc n"0i t) c-n d'n" c 19 Du. ho). l 1 19 %L ch$) bnh 1 %Mu thu %c kGt Du tt3 s3 :hnh ,h&n ho hc :ron" hPt VE Du8n tE c5 ch#) `g x ``? chOt bWo mu U)nh lFc nhPt. 1/ nhPt. khn" c5 tc dFn" tr/ "iun3 4"oi r) c-n c5 "6m. cc chOt h$u c. %0n" gy x `>?. ) Ubt h$u c (Uitric+. k)li sul)t3 aoPt chOt cH) sE Du8n tE l )Uit DuisDu)lic kg>aghg>4hs3 khOt n t)n nhiMu tron" n<c. c6n m*t lic. bt t)n tron" ri ^q>. khn" t)n tron" *th*r d&u ho. chloroorm 1 c6n y>>3 G&n %8 n"0i t) c-n tm thO )Uit DuisDu)tic cH) sE Du8n tE l mui k)li3 :h*o :r&n :E 4"hv) th ch c5 mui DuisDu)tic 1aghg>4hs 1 mui cH) )Uit DuisDu)lic kg>aghg>4hs 1<i k)li l cc hoPt chOt chbnh c5 tc dFn" "in" nh s)ntonin ^3 :c dFn" dc lN g3 :r/ "iun sn: VE Du8n tE l 1/ thuc c5 tc dFn" tr/ "iun sn rOt mPnh3 45 c5 tc dFn" lm t! lit th&n kinh "iun sn3 V)u th0i k[ b/ kbch thbch. dd "iF) r6i t! lit ton b3 a)i n" khu Cnh \'n" 1 khn" Dn" :hiu %A thb n"him d'n" c)o nx <c sE Du8n tE g>?. dun" d/ch n<c tro sE Du8n tE g>? 1 dun" d/ch >.q k)liclorid tr!n "iun %Ot3 V)u khi Du)n st. n" thO c s dun" d/ch tr!n %Mu c5 tc dFn" lm lit "iun nh nh)u3 kc n" %A %) r) kGt lu2n hoPt chOt chbnh c5 tc dFn" tr/ "iun sn sE Du8n tE l mui k)li tron" sE Du8n tE3 :h*o C| :Ot Ri gyh>. n<c sec c ho). l. 19. Du %Mu c5 tc dFn" lm t! lit "iun 1 n" %A Du Gt %/nh d'n" n<c sec ton Du khn" b5c 19 %L tr/ "iun 1dn cho kGt Du tt3
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:Ot c cc 8ccloit tr!n. %Mu c5 tc dFn" li tiLuZ nhn" mPnh nhOt l th*o brolin3 `3 :)nin g>? X bI, non 1 l non: s.q? X l "i3 s3 :inh d&u: >.h=?. Du Gt %/nh m'i thm cH) ch{3 45 b/ m*n th*)) ,h8n "ii3 :hnh ,h&n chH Gu cH) tinh d&u ch{ l a*U)nol. chiGm q> x y>? 1 a*U)nol3 ^3 kc m*n: :h*))Z k)t)l)s) q3 kc mui 1 c: "6m cc mui ,hot,h)t 1 oU)l)t cH) . k). S". Sn3 h3 kc 1it)min: Kit)min k gs> x g=> m"?. cc Kit)min nh5m ]. j3 ^3 :c dFn" %c lN g3 kH) cc )nc)loit x :h*obromin 1 :h*o,h lin: tc dFn" li tiLu mPnh nhOt l th*obromin. n5 c5 tc dFn" tr@c tiG, l!n cc tG bo cn th2n3 x k),h*in kbch thbch th&n kinh trun" n" %nc bit l 19 nAo3 Rm tJn" tu&n hon tJn" co b5, cH) c tim do %5 mu 12n chu Ln nh)nh. nhiMu %Gn khi Du) ")n. th2n3 :Jn" thi chOt %c 1 cnn bA r) n"oi3 `3 :)nin Rm s* ni!m mPc. c&m ) ch . c&m mu. rE) 1Gt thn"3 ain n) cc nh kho) hc tr!n thG "i<i %)n" t2, trun" chI N nhiMu %Gn tc dFn" cH) ch{ nh s)u: x 4<c ch{ U)nh c5 tc dFn" chn" h2u Du do cc b#c UP. ,h5n" UP3 x Gii tr7 cc cn co thet cH) mPch mu nAo. do %5 b<t %c cc cn %)u %&u th0n" Uu !n3 x jh-n" chn" bnh 1i!m nAo 4h2t bn x k5 tc dFn" chn" bnh UuOt hu Gt di tru Mn
x khn" tbch n<c Uo)n" n"@c. bFn"3 q3 RiMu ln" CPi "i) sIc c5 q>> x g>>>" l ch{ U)nh. q> x g>>" ch{ sO kh (ch{ t&u+3 h3 #n" dFn" ) ch l8u n" cH) tr8u. b-3 Rm li tiLu. chn" ,h' nM3 g3 kh{ U)nh im n"8n ho) =>"r k)m tho `3 kh{ t&u 4"i c#u kh `>"r =>"r gq>"r q>>"r
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nhOt l) tc dFn" cH) th*obrolin `3:)nin3 am ln" t)nin tron" l 1 bI, non chiGm khon" g>?. tron" l bnh t Q ch{ U)nh chiGm khon" s.q?3 s3:inh d&u ch{3 :inh d&u ch{ Q chOt Du Gt %/nh m'i thm. hn" 1i 1 mt ,h&n sX thbch. chOt lx n" cH) ch{3 am ln" tinh d&u ch{ chiLm khon" >.h Q >.o? tu[ thuc "in" ch{ 1 %iMu kin %/) lN khb h2u3 :hnh ,h&n chH Gu cH) tinh d&u ch{ "6m: x a*U)nol chiGm q> Q y>?. c-n lPi l x a*U)nol3 :inh d&u ch{ rOt d b/ m*n th*)s) cTn" c5 sn tron" ch{ ,h8n "ii nh)nh n") s)u khi thu hi ch{ 1M33
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3.
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j333 RiMu ln"3 CPi "i) sIc ch{ U)nh q>> Q g>>> ")m. ch* bI, kh d'n" t7 q> g>>"3 :iLu "i) sIc d'n" liMu t7 gs Q g` liMu so 1b %Pi "i) sIc tu[ trn" ln"3 D'n" n"oi tu[ din tbch 1Gt thn"3 h3 n" dFn"3 D'n" ch) bnh ti!u ch l8u n" cH) "i) sIc nhOt l loi nh)i lPi D'n" lm thuc li tiLu ti!u thTn". ch$) ,h' nM3 kc bi thuc kinh n"him: w,g : kh{ U)nh `>> ")m. im n"8n ho) q> ")m. k)m tho `>> ")m Vec l!n cho tr8u b- un" g l&n. n" d'n" ` th)n"3 w,`: kh{ bI, q> ")m. 4"i c#u `>> ")m3 kTn" sec l!n cho un" g l&n. n" un" ` th)n"3 hi tr8u. b- b/ ti!u ch k{m ch#n" ,h' nM n!n d'n" ,hi h, ch{ U)nh. d8u n". bn" mA %M. d c9 tr)nh thuc s c5 hiu l@c hn3
chn" K dc liu tc dFn" X %0n" ti!u ho 4i dun": khn" n %M c2, %Gn s 1On %M g3 Dc liu kbch thbch ti!u ho `3 Dc liu c5 tc dFn" t nhu2n trn"3 s3 Dc liu c&m ) ch 3 Y3 Dc liu kbch thbch ti!u ho Dc liu kbch thbch ti!u ho "6m nh$n" 1/ thuc "iI, cho "i) sIc Jn kho. Jn nhiMu. Jn n"on min". honc lm tJn" kh nJn" hO, thu cc chOt dinh d}n" X %0n" ti!u ho333 :hn" th0n" 1dn Du*n "i l thuc bB3 :ron" l8m sn" X n"0i cTn" nh "i) sIc khi c thL l8m 1o trPn" thi bnh lN. n"oi nh$n" biLu hin %nc trn" cH) c) bnh. mi 12t muI %Mu c5 cc triu ch#n" chun": uL oi. mt m9i. kWm Jn. l0i 12n %n"u aonc "i) sIc 17) Du) mt cn bnh nnn". c th b/ su nhc cTn" biGn" Jn3 :h*o Du)n %iLm tr/ bnh ton din cH) Cn" thI tron" l8m sn". t#c b!n cPnh 1ic tm cc thuc tr/ cJn n"u !n. triu ch#n". c-n mt bin ,h, n$) cTn" c5 tc dFn" tbch c@c l lm thG no %L khi ,hFc lPi tbnh th{m Jn cho "i) sIc cn" s<m cn" tt3 :) th0n" "n, cc dc liu kbch thbch ti!u ho 1<i cc nh5m s)u: g3 kc chOt %en". c) . chu). n"t. thmu h) %c d'n" 1<i liMu 17) ,hi c5 tc dFn" lm tJn" kh nJn" tiGt d/ch X %0n" ti!u ho. tJn" nhu %n" dP d . rut3 iu)
%5 lm tJn" s@ tiG, UIc h$u hiu "i$) m*n ti!u ho 1<i th#c Jn3 :h#c Jn %c ,h8n "iI nh)nh. hO, thu trit %L hn 1 %6n" th0i cTn" %c 12n chu Ln nh/, nhn" Uun" rut "i. trnh to b5n3 Do 12 con 1Pt ,hm Jn hn. Jn nhiMu hn3 kc chOt %en" c5 nhiMu tron" 19 c)m. DuNt. hon" %n". hon" li!n. thup Un" b6. b) kbch. khB s8m. sinh %/)u `3 kc thuc c5 tbnh chOt u ti!n tc dFn" tr!n c trn cH) %0n" ti!u ho lm tJn" nhu %n" ti!u ho: dc liu ch#) nhiMu chOt nh& . c*nlulo. chOt su s3 kc thuc c5 tbnh u ti!n tc dFn" %Gn ")n: khol)"onum lO t7 m2t cH) "i) sIc (tr8u. b-. ln+ lm tJn" c0n" s@ cOu tPo m2t. "iI, s@ ti!u ho m}3 aonc c8 l hi. )ctiUo. cH ci3 kc dc liu n c5 tc dFn" li m2t3 :ron" c thL n5 kbch thbch s@ tiGt m2t cH) tG bo ")n3 S2t s %c tiGt r) nhiMu hn3 ^3 kc chOt kbch thbch %nh trun" tin 1 hi. "bu, 1ic loPi tr7 cc khb %c r) kh9i %0n" ti!u ho: l th/. %Pi hi. tiLu h6i. Du b6 kGtu K<i l th/. %Pi h6i. tiLu h6i t) %*m sec lO n<c cho sIc 12t un"3 K<i Du b6 kGt t) c5 thL %t h) rn" 1n". n"hiMn thnh bt tr Ut 1o ni!m mPc th@c Dun h) thBi bt 1o tr@c trn" s)u khi %A moi hGt ,h8n X h2u mn3 CL chH %n". cTn" c5 thL trn 1<i 1)lin h) cc t dc khc lm thnh 1i!n %Pn b6 kGt %nt 1o tr@c trPn" sIc 12t. khi n5 b/ cc ch#n" bnh chn" bFn" %& hi. tbch th@c. khn" ti!u (X ln+. ch<n" hi dP c9 X tr8u. b-. chn" hi m)nh trn" X n"@)3 ch Uc 1 ch th@c :!n khc Uu !n ch th@c. Uu !n ch Uc kh Uc: ructus citrii )ur)ntii kh th@c: ructus )ur)ntii imm)turii CMu thuc h c)m DuNt3 wut)c*)* g3 4"u6n "c 1 chG biGn kh Uc 1 ch th@c %Mu l nh$n" Du ,hi kh cH) ch7n" g> c8 chi kitris 1 joncirus thuc h c)m DuNt (wut)c*)*+ nhn" thu hi X cc th0i k[ khc nh)u3
kh th@c: thu nh$n" Du nh9. c-n non. khi ch) hnh thnh mIi. nh$n" Du b/ s8u hPi h) "i5 mPnh lm rFn" Uun" "c3 kh Uc: l nh$n" Du to hn. cH) c)m. ch)nh. DuNt. chO,. bXi333 b/ rFn" khi %A hnh thnh m'i h) nh$n" Du "&n chbn. 19 c-n U)nh. hi 1M bB %i ,hi kh3 Sun c5 ch th@c t) thu Du non 1o thn" s x ^ h) q X "c c8 1M ,hi kh3 hi ,hi. khn" n!n ,hi X ni nen" to Du. Du s c5 mu 1n" UOu3 k-n ch Uc th thu Du 1o cc thn" h x o 1 = %) 1M bB %i ,hi kh3 `3 S t c8 C8 l nh$n" c8 rOt thn" th0n". mc ho)n" h) tr6n" X khe, n<c t)3 X cc tnh ao ]nh. Vn R)uni c5 chO,. bXi 1 ch)nh mc ho)n" thnh r7n" l<n3 45 l c8 sn" l8u nJm. c)o t7 s x h mWt. l c5 tinh d&u: mc cch. ho) mu tren" (ho) bx Xi+. m %m tbm %9 (ho) ch)nh+ c5 ? cnh3 knh th0n" c5 ")i nhn3 iu cet n")n" c5 hnh tr-n. cc t8m b r; rn" (y xg` t8m b+. 19 Du tn" %i %& 1 ch#) tinh d&u. m'i thm %nc trn" cho t7n" c8 3 s3 iui kinh 4h2, h)i kinh: :[ 1 1/ ^3 :hnh ,h&n ho hc :i liu :run" iuc. c ch Uc 1 ch th@c %Mu c5 tinh d&u3 4hn" tu[ n"u6n n"c. tuBi 1 loPi Du m chIn" c5 hm ln" 1 m'i 1/ khc nh)u3 4"oi r) tron" ch th@c c-n c5: Ync)loit Glucoit >.g? `h?3 :ron" %5 s),onin chiLm khon" h?
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x Rm co thet nh mPch mu n"oPi 1i cH) c5c3 xhn" c5 tc dFn" co thet h) "iAn nX khb Dun cH) chut bPch3 x:hb n"him b_n" n<c sec h) c)o l6n" ch th@c 1 ch Uc cho kGt Du tn" t@3 Vo snh tc dFn" dc lN cH) ch Uc 1 ch th@c3 x KM mnt th0i "i)n: ch th@c tc dFn" mPnh hn. nhn" th0i "i)n tc dFn" n"en hn3 4"c lPi ch Uc tc dFn" ch2m nhn" th0i "i)n tc dFn" lPi di hn3 x Rn" d/ch ti!u ho tiGt r) khi un" h) thFt n<c sec ch Uc nhiMu hn so 1b ch th@c3 CiMu n c5 thL l do thnh ,h&n ho hc cH) ch Uc ton hn ch th@c3 x 4"c lPi n<c sec ch th@c lm tJn" c0n" nhu %n" cH) dP d 1 rut mPnh 1 nh)nh hn ch Uc3 :7 kGt DH) tr!n t) thO n!n d'n" ch Uc khi "i) sIc b/ bnh thiLu nJn" d/ch 1/ c-n ch th@c d'n" khi 12t nui b/ to b5n3 k5 thL d'n" ch Uc. ch th@c tron" %iMu tr/ bnh s) tr@c trn". 8m %Po 1 tE cun" ln bbt tOt s)u khi %A %) ,h8n s) 1o 1/ trb cT3 kh Uc. ch th@c c-n %c d'n" tr/ ho. h*n. %0m Uu n3 h+ RiMu ln" RiMu cH) ch Uc 1 ch th@c tron" %iMu tr/: :r8u. b- . n"@) D!. ln :h9 1 "i) c&m khI N khi d'n" thuc K<i ch th@c. tu t %i khn" %c d'n" Du liMu Du %/nh tr!n3 Gi) sIc c5 th)i khn" l!n d'n" ch Uc. ch th@c3 o3 #n" dFn" x kh$) Jn un" kh5 ti!u. ch<n" bFn" %& hi cH) sIc 12t 1 n"0i3 x kh$) thiLu nJn" d/ch 1/. chn" to b5n cho "i) sIc3 x :ron" th@c tG. %L sE dFn" 1x => ")m. : gq x `q ")m : q xg> ")m
g3 Kb nh khi tr8u. b- 1 n"@). b/ ch<n" bFn" %& hi t) d'n" cc 1/ thuc s)u: x kh Uc x :h&n khIc x :r&n b x G7n" kh x ]n hP chG x Sui Jn => ")m ^> ")m ^>")m `> ")m gq ")m ` ")m
X %8 . ch Uc. th&n khIc 1 tr&n b c5 tc dFn" kbch thbch ti!u ho3 k-n "7n" kh. bn hP c5 tc dFn" #c chG 1i sinh 12t c5 hPi X %n" ti!u ho3 :Ot c "iI, cho trun" tin. thi hn tt hn3 Sui c-n c5 tc dFn" lm cho con 12t d un" hn3 kc 1/ tr!n. tr7 "7n". b9 1o n6i. %2 1un" %un nh9 lE). sec kz3 khi no "&n %x c t) cho tiG, "7n" %2 kbn 1un". %un tiG, q xg> ,hIt r6i chet n<c. cho tr8u. b- honc n"@) un" g l&n con3 ` 3 ]nh bi th@c khn" ti!u X tr8u. b-3 n"@): x kh %c x k)m tho n)m => ")m => ")m
Vec l!n cho con 12t n5n" mt l&n3 s 3 :r8u. b- 1 n"@) b/ to b5n: x kh Uc x a2u ,hc x chIt chbt gq ")m s> ")m s> ")m
Vec %nc. chet lO n<c. th!m s> ")m 4)` V^ cho "i) sIc un"3 iubt x :w&4 ] aon" Duit. tr&n b. th)nh b m)nd)rini*r (jhj+ :!n kho) hc kitrus d*licios) :*nor*Z k3 4obilis 1)r3 D*licios) si"l*3 a k)m DuNt wut)c*)*3
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ti!u ho. hO, thu nh)nh3

10.
K<i h tu&n hon3 RiMu nh9 tr!n tim Gch c l2,. lm tJn" co b5, nh/o tim. tJn" th0i "i)n t8m thu.
li!u c)o c5 tc dFn" #c chG co b5, do d8 th&n kinh m! tu b/ hn" ,hOn3 K<i mPch Dun n"oPi 1i. tr!n mn" bi ch8n Gch n6n" % cn" c)o. mPch co cn" mPnh3 4hn" khi thb n"him tr!n %n" 12t mu n5n" th n"c lPi lm dAn mPch n"oPi 1i. d "8 s th)i3 K<i hu Gt ,. ti!m tvnh mPch l*onurin liMu `m"k" tron" ln". lIc %&u hu Gt , "im tPm th0i s)u 1i ,hIt trX lPi bnh th0n"3 4hn" nGu tr<c khi ti!m l*onurin t) ti!m )tro,in th hu Gt , "im 1 khn" tJn" trX lPi %c do th&n kinh m! tu hn" ,hOn3
11.
K xs> l&n,hIt l!n ^> xq> l&n ,hIt3 S{o thX nh)nh. s8u hn3
12.
k Du)n bi tiGt3 R*onurin lm tJn" Du trnh bi tiGt n<c tiLu "O, ` x s l&n so 1<i bnh th0n"3
:hb n"him lm tr!n th9 %A %c "8 m!3 V)u khi ti!m tvnh mPch t)i liMu gm"k" trn" ln". ` xs ,hIt s)u th9 %i "ii. ln" n<c tiLu tJn" "O, ` x s l&n so 1 xg>>" c8 . hPt `> x q> "con D!. ln `> xq> " c8 . hPt = xg` "con :h9 liMu ` x q " c8 . hPt g x ` "con
14.
k8 ti d'n" liMu "O, q x g> l&n so 1>> %A "8 dun" hu Gt. con mu n"0i ch/u %c n6n" % c)o hn k8 n"i c#u :!n khc n"i di,. thuc c#u. c8 thuc c)o3 :!n kho) hc: Rrt%! s a 'ulgar s -3 a kIc: Rrt%rac%a% ( )o!pos ta%) I ] ,h2n d'n"3 :) d'n" l 1 mt bt cnh non ,hi h) sO kh3 :hu hi 1o thn" h dn" (tx n" dn" tGt do)n n"+ ,hi 8m c)n %Gn kh d'n" d&n h) tn bt thnh n"i nhun" (thuc c#u+3
15.
:hnh ,h&n ho hc3 kh) %c n"hi!n c#u kz. ch biGt tron" n"i c5 tinh d&u. t)nin3 :hnh ,h&n chH
Gu tron" tinh d&u l Uin*ol 1 thu on. n"oi r) c-n c5 bt )d*nin 1 cholin3
16.
kn" dun"3 Snc d' c8 n"i c#u %c d'n" rOt rn" rAi c tron" %n" 1 t8 . thG nhn"
lPi ch) %c n"hi!n c#u kz3 4"i c#u ch d'n" th*o kinh n"him cB tru Mn tron" d8n "i)n lm thuc n khb hu Gt. "ii cm. )n th)i. "iI, %iMu ho chu k[ sinh dFc3 kh$) cc ch#n" %)u bFn" do tbch th@c 1 %n" th)i. thB r) hu Gt. ch mu mTi khi b/ st c)o3 D'n" lm thuc c#u X n"0i3
17.
liMu ln"3 CL kbch thbch ti!u ho h) )n th)i c5 thL d'n" ti h) kh %Mu dc3 liMu tron"
n" 3 :r8u. b-. n"@): `>> x q>> ")m ti h) q> x g>> ")m khcon D!. ln. ch5: q> x g>> ")m ti h) `> x ^> ")m kh con :h9 m{o: g> x`> ")m ti h) q x g> ")m khcon3
Gi<i thiu mt s bi thuc kinh n"him I3kh$) % kh5 X tr8u. b-3 :r8u. b- %A %Gn th0i "i)n. 8m mn %A mX. th)i %A h<n" r) sn mn. nhn" con 12t 1dn ch) % %c "i l % kh53 RIc n chIn" t) ,hi c)n thi,3 :u[ th*o th@c tG t) sE lN3 :h)i thu2n chiMu nhn" do m Gu. chn" l@c tE cun" kWm khn" t@ co %L tn" th)i r) n"oi3 :) d'n" bi thuc s)u:
18.
4"i c#u `>> x q>> ")m "iA nt lc lO n<c ct th!m ` xq Du tr#n" " cho un" hG chu) q x o Du. r c9 tr)nh ti q> x g>> ")m. r)u m6n" ti q> x g>>")m. d8
sn"3
19.
kho) l)n" q>> ")m3 :Ot c "iA nt trn th!m g th) c)nh mui r6i tm cch %) 1o min" cho 12t nut3 II3 kh mu tE cun"3 V)u khi %. mu ti ch li!n tFc khn" c&n "i l bJn" hu Gt3 :) d'n" cc bi thuc s)u
20.
4F ho{ q> x g>> ")m. ho) mo " %9 ,hi kh q> x g>> ")m. hPt trec b gq x s> k9 nh n6i. l ch thi!n. l n"i m|i th# g>>")m. s)u ch cPnh sec %nc th!m `> ]6 h5n" bG, Du) r8 `>>")m. m2t mb) q>> ml. trn ldn cho un"3 R n5n. l chui ti!u kho. t5c ri m|i th# q> ")m s)o ch cho un"3 4;n s*n. c9 nh n6i s)o Du) m|i th# g>>")m. trec b s)o ch g>> ")m. %| %*n
")m (nGu l d'n" `>> x s>> ")m s)o ch sec %nc cho un"3
21.
")m "7n" s)o ch tn thnh bt m/n trn lAn cho un"3

22. 23. 24.
s)o ch `q>")m3 tOt c sec %nc cho un" ` l&n tron" n" 3 ]3 Dc liu #c chG co b5, c tE cun" hi nim G6m nh$n" 1/ thuc c5 tc dFn" lm "im s@ co b5, cH) tE cun". "im cn
%)u. %Mu "i l thuc #c chG s@ co b5, tE cun"3 :hI "i)n c5 th)i3 V)u % "i) sIc b/ %)u bFn". Jn un" kWm3
d'n" cc 1/ thuc n khi3
Gi) sIc b/ %n" th)i. c5 th)i %)u bFn". ch mu %0n" sinh dFc tron" th0i
Gi) sIc b/ s) 8m %Po. b/ ln tE cun" do ti!m thuc kbch %. h) rnn % Du mPnh3 :huc n)m c5 cc 1/: k %c dc. hn" ,hF. t n"Pnh. cH ")i. dn" Du 333 an" ,hF t!n khc cH "Ou /hy2o!acyp%r a k5i k ,*r)c*)*3 ] ,h2n d'n" 1 cch chG biGn D'n" cH. %o 1M cui thu %&u %n". ,hi kh. %t ch hGt r ,hF. loPi b9 tP, chOt "om 1M tiG, tFc ,hi %Gn % m d? `^ "i0 s)o cui c'n" tm n<c tiLu n"0i kho mPnh `^ "iX s)u l)i s)o kh3
25.
:hnh ,h&n ho hc3 :ron" hn" ,hF c5 ch7n" g? tinh d&u3 :hnh ,h&n chH Gu cH) tinh d&u l
U ,*r*n kgqa`^ chiGm s` x so?. U ,*rol chiGm khon" ^> x ^y?3 4"oi r) c-n ) Ubt bWo 1 h, chOt ,h*nolic3 :inh d&u l hoPt chOt chbnh3
26.
:c dFn" dc lN3 l4)m bOt n"oPi tr&n b. n$ bOt l hn" ,hFm3 45 %c coi nh 1/ thuc bB c') n$
"i<i3 K<i tE cun"3 an" ,hF lm "im s@ co thet X dPn" bnh th0n". %nc bit khi %)n" b/ kbch thbch3 :hb n"him tr!n tE cun" c l2, h) tr!n %n" 12t sn" %Mu c5 kGt Du tn" t@3 45 c5 tc dFn" lm d/u s@ cJn" thn" cH) tE cun". do %5 lm d/u cn %)u3
27.
#n" dFn"3
Gim %)u khi tE cun" b/ co thet3 D'n" tr<c 1 s)u % %Mu %c3 :t nhOt khi "i) sIc b/ %n" th)i3 4!n ,hi h, 1<i cc 1/ s)u: n"i c#u. %n" Dui. t n"Pnh333 D'n" lm thuc kbch thbch ti!u ho. ,hi h, 1 x h> ")m Rn. d!. ch5: g> x `> ")m :h9. m{o : g x^ ")m3 St s bi thuc kinh n"him :r8u. b- b/ %n" th)i hi tr8u. b- b/ %n" th)i. chIn" %#n" khn" !n. h) lO ch8n % l!n thn"
29.
bFn" b!n ,hi. %&u lun Du) 1M ,hb) bFn" ,hi h) lJn %'n" r) %Ot3 hi %5 t) d'n" cc bi thuc s)u:
30.
R chi chi `> ")m. "7n" sn" q> ")m. hoi sn `> ")m. tr&n b g> ")m3 :Ot c R n"i. s) nh8n. si h6. hn" nhu m|i th# `> ")m kh h) `>> ")m ti3 GiA R bPc h. cH ")i. tb) t m|i th# `>>")m. n"i c#u q>> ")m3 Vec %nc cho un"3 :E cun" ln bbt tOt3 :h0n" U r) s)u khi "i) sIc % h "i0. c bit c5 con s n" s)u3 4"u !n nh8n
s)o 1n". sec %nc chi) ` l&n un" tron" n" 3

31.
nt. sec %nc chi) ` l&n un" tron" n" 3

32. 33.
do tE cun" ch) t@ co lPi X tr@n" thi bnh th0n" h) cB tE cun" ch) %5n" kbn3 a) "n, X nh$n" con "i) sIc "i. su dinh d}n"3 th)i Du to. %n" tc kWo th)i Du mPnh3 ]in ,h, ch$) tr/ "6m nhiMu b<c3 g3 k %/nh "i) sIc X t thG %&u thO,. mn" c)o `3 Vt trIn" ,h&n tE cun" %A ln r) ,hb) n"oi: 1 sinh t) m5n" t) cet cFt. khn" b/ sc. sec 3 :) ,hi rE) sPch b_n" U ,h-n" ri st tr'n" con iod q?3 wE) sPch. st tr'n" ,h&n tE cun" l-i r) b_n" cc dun" d/ch Om cH) thuc tbm >.q?. h)
n<c mui q?. ,h{n ,hi `?3 s3 D'n" t) % t7 t7 ,h&n t-i r) cH) tE cun" 1o Du) cB tE cun"3 :ron" khi %)n" %) tE cun" 1o. nGu con 12t rJn t) tPm d7n". hGt cn rnn lPi tiG, tFc %) 1o %Gn hGt3 D'n" kin kh8u ` mIt kW, kbn 8m mn ,hb) st h2u mn3 ]Ot n"0 %nh mPnh 1o mn" con 12t3 K2t "i2t mnh. chP nh)nh Uun" dc khon" g>> m khn" cho %#n" lPi %L rnn. nh thG s kWo ton b tE cun" tFt s8u Uun" Uo)n" ch2u3 ^3 ]et %#n" liMn ^xq tiGn". khn" cho n_m. nGu con 12t mt. t) mec 1;n" cho n_m tr!n 1;n"3 q3 ]uc 1o trn l 1n" n*m. th&u d&u trn 1> ")m. thup Un" b6 g>>")m.
su !n sn "ic gq> ")m tOt c s)o 1n". sec %nc chi) nhiMu l&n un" tron" n" 3 n q>>")m xgk" r)u rIt h) r)u n"B3 4Gu khn" Jn. "iA nt th!m g lbt n<c lc cho un"3 cH "Ou h>")m. l 1n" `>> ")m sec %nc cho un"3 o>o khn" o Dc liu c5 tc dFn" ch$) cm mPo ain n) . cc cn b thI t) c-n bt %L N %Gn hin tn" cm mPo cH) con "i) sIc3 hi %n" 12t m th0n" n"hv n") %Gn cc b!nh tru Mn nhim. kN sinh tr'n". ni n"oPi kho)333 m hon ton ch) chI N %Gn cc th) %Bi khc cH) n"oPi cnh %A tc %n" c5 hPi %Gn 12t nui lm cho chIn" m: lPnh. n5n". % m c)o. "i5 l')33333 kc tc %n" n %A tc %n" 1o "i) sIc th0n" Uu !n h) %t n"t %Mu c5 thL "8 n!n trPn" thi bnh lN khc th0n". ddn %Gn 12t b/ cm3 Kb dF nh bnh ln con ,h8n tren" "n, nhiMu khi th) %Bi th0i tiGt %t n"t h) khi m % c)o. "i rWt kWo di X nh$n" trPi chJn nui ln "in" t2, trun". c-n tron" chJn nui "i) %nh lPi bt b/ hn tPi s)o a) m') h{ 12n chu Ln "i) sIc X nh$n" ni th0i tiGt sOu. n5n". ch2t333 lPi b/ chGt nhiMu3
CL %m bo tbnh chOt ton din cH) mn hc. hn n$) kinh n"him ch$) cm mPo cho "i) sIc tron" nh8n d8n t) lPi rOt ,hon" ,hI. chIn" t) c&n ,hi n"hi!m tIc hc h9i3 Gi<i thiu chn" n . chIn" ti h 1n" r_n" r6i %8 1On %M c chG bnh hc. cch chn %on l8m sn" s %c lm sn" t93 Gt Du %iMu tr/ cm cho %n" 12t nui s tt hn3 :ron" chn %on 1 %iMu tr/. n"0i t) ,h8n chi) cm r) lm `3 :ron" %n" . khi ch$) cm cho "i) sIc ,hi ,h8n loPi cc dPn" cm. d'n" thuc %In" bnh m<i cho kGt Du %iMu tr/ tt3 inh n"hi!m %A %c nh8n d8n %Ic rIt khi r) khi %iMu tr/ bnh lan n" hn tec tE. nhit n" nhit tec cu6n"m cm nhit 4hit % cm hn 4hit % thO, "8 n!n:
c)o
"8
"u !n n!n:n5n". nen". b/ m). n Rm 1ic d<i tr0i nen". Ci lm s<m. b/ "i5 l')333 h8n riu h#n" nht ch2t : :h8n mnh. "c s7n". "c t)i n5n". k t# chi n5n". met %93 h) K2t s "i5. rWt3 mnh lPnh. "c t)i. t# chi lPnh. ln" U'. %i
b/ to b5n l9n"33 Gin" nh)u: :h8n nhit tJn". bb tiLu tin. khn" r) %c m6 hi3 St s tc "i khc lPi ,h8n bit cm th*o cch s)u km nh: cm m<i nh2, 1o ,h&n biLu ,hb) n"oi c thL. ch$) d3 km nnn": cm nh2, 1o ,h&n lN lm nh hXn" %Gn cc khb Du)n ni tPn".
th0n" "8 1i!m ,hBi. %i n"oi. tiLu tin r) mu333 km rOt nnn": cm nh2, 1o h thn" kinh lPc rOt kh5 ch$) "i) sIc b/ t!. lit h) th) %Bi hn trPn" thi sinh lN: 12n %n" 1-n" tr-n. %Pi tiLu tin b$) bi333 :h*o %n" . cm mPo l do s@ th) %Bi cH) th0i tiGt lm cho s@ thbch n"hi cH) %n" 12t 1<i n")i cnh b/ ri loPn3 :h0n" khi "i) sIc b/ cm. cc bnh tru Mn nhim. ni n"oPi kho)333 s kG ,ht nnn" do s#c %M khn" cH) c thL "im3
kch chn" x ch$) cm mPo ain n) ch) c5 ti liu no n5i 1M c chG bnh hc. cch ch$) tr/ cc ch#n" cm mPo cho "i) sIc th2t %& %H3 :h*o hc thu Gt str*ss cH) V*ll * gyqh: mi kbch thbch cu n"oPi cnh tc %n" 1o c thL %n" 12t Du) bOt k[ %0n" no %Mu thn" Du) cun" ,hn UP tc %n" 1o 19 nAo: nhit %. b#c UP. % m tiGn" 6n333 kc kbch thbch K9 nAo a ,ot)l)mus kw:kocticotro,ic w*b)sin )ctor kw: Gu t "ii ,h5n" :::c h ,o,h sis Yk:a: Ydr*n)lin :ro,ic aoormon ::: SiMn 19 (cocticoit+ SiMn tup ()dr*n)lin+
Gi)i %oPn %&u x cO, tbnh. Ydr*n)lin tJn" tiGt lm UuOt hin cc triu ch#n": :Jn" %0n" hu Gt. hu Gt ,. :Jn" kh nJn" mdn cm 1<i cc n"oPi kbch thbch3 4Gu c# tiG, tFc kbch thbch. cocticoit s tJn" tiGt 1<i cc biLu hin s)u: a l8m b) t*o nh9. thnh ,h&n mu th) %Bi. cn" th#c bPch c&u th) %Bi. b)ch c&u i to)n tJn" r; rt. thnh ,h&n ho hc cH) mu cTn" th) %Bi . 4) tJn". c-n %0n". 1it)min k lPi "im3 am ln" khn" thL "im3 :5m lPi: k thL b/ mOt s#c %M khn" bnh kG ,ht ,ht triLn3 :rPn" thi str*ss chbnh l nh$n" biGn %Bi cH) c thL khn" %nc hiu tr<c nh$n" tc nh8n "8 hPi cH) n"oPi cnh3 :h*o V*ll *. cm chbnh l mt trPn" thi cH) str*ss3 D@) 1o hc thu Gt n) . mun ,h-n" chn" cm mPo hA chI %L+3 bch thbch s@ r) m6 hi3 :Jn" c0n" s#c %M khn" ,hi %nc hiu. cho %n" 12t Jn un". n"h n"i thbch cc %iLm s)u: hn" cho cc tc nh8n "8 hPi tiG, tFc tc %n" (bin ,h, n khn" trit
h,. nh)nh ch5n" khi ,hFc lPi trPn" thi sinh lN bnh th0n"3 :r!n thG "i<i. %A sE dFn" cc thuc )n th&n trOn tvnh nh. thuc chn" str*ss3 X t) ch) c5 loPi thuc no %nc tr/ c5 li cho s Gu t tr!n c3 :huc ch$) cm mPo cH) t) hin n) nh_m mFc %bch th@c hin n"u !n tec s `: kbch thbch s@ r) m6 hi b_n" cch sE dFn" nh$n" dc liu ch#) tinh d&u: kinh "i<i. tb) t. "7n". DuG. bPc h. n"i c#u. l d8u333 :Ot c nh$n" c8 n tr7 "7n" cH 1 DuG. t) d'n" c c8 . tt nh8t lO nh$n" c8 sPch. %)n" r) ho). lIc tr0i kh ro mOu n<c sn" h) hAm n<c cho un"3 k8 "7n" m ng b%r on c nal% rosc%a3 a G7n" m ng b%rac%a%. I ] ,h2n d'n"3 G7n" l c8 tho. sn" hn" nJm. c)o >.^ x gm3 :h8n r ,hnh to thnh cH3 Cc tr6n" X mi miMn %Ot n<c d'n" lm thuc 1 "i) 1/3 :) d'n" cH. sE dFn" X cc dPn" s)u: Vinh khn": "7n" ti %o cui h{. %&u thu. rE) sPch cet kt m9n"3 k)n khn": "7n" "i %o cui %n"3 :h)n khn": "7n" "i %t t6n tbnh3 II3 :hnh ,h&n ho hc3
35.
:inh d&u: chiGm ` x s? "6m ` nh5m: 3 4h5m chOt tPo m'i thm: in"ib*rol kgqa`h chiGm ,h&n l<nZ in"ib*r*n*
kgqa`^Z Uitr)n. bocn*ol3 :inh d&u "7n" c5 tp trn" >.=o=Z nhit % si gqq x s>>>k3 3 4h5m chOt c) tron" "7n" "6m: "in"*nolZ Vho")olZ "in"*ron*3 4h$n" chOt c) cH) "7n" nGu cho tiG, sIc 1<i a q? mt th0i "i)n s b/ mOt %i3
36. 37.
4h@) chiGm q? "6m mt nh@) trun" tbnh 1 ` nh@) ) Ubt3 kc tP, chOt khc: chOt bWo. tinh bt. o U)lt. chOt nh& 3 :ron" s n tinh d&u 1 nh5m chOt c) l hoPt chOt chbnh3 III3#n" dFn" G7n" %c d'n" rOt ,hB biGn tron" %n" 3
38. 39. 40.
kh$) cm hn: lm Om c thL. kbch thbch Du trnh sn nhit3 bch thbch ti!u ho. ch$) bi th@c kh5 ti!u. ch<n" bFn" %& hi. lit dP c9333 bch thbch trun" khu h hO,. tu&n hon3 khOt c) c5 tc dFn" ci thin tu&n :i!u %0m. tr7 ho. kbch thbch s@ tiGt d/ch lm d/u ni!m mPc %0n" h hO, ,hb) liMu ln" :r8u. b-. nh@): `> x h>")m D!. ln. ch5: g> x `> ")m3 :h9. "i) c&m. m{o: ` x ^ ")m3 k8 bPc a b%ntha ar'%s s -. a ao) mi -ab ata%. :hu hi. chG biGn ]c h c8 tho sn" l8u nJm. c)o >.q x gm3 Cc tr6n" X khe, ni3 C<c sE dFn" hc %L ch$) tr/ nhiMu bnh lm*nth) 1/ n$ th&n ch$) bch bnhm3
hon cFc b ch$) c<c ch8n tr8u. b-. n"@) tron" m') %n"3
41.
tr!n. "i$ Om c thL do %5 "im ho3
42.
rOt l8u tron"
4<c t) hin n) tr6n" lO tinh d&u UuOt khu 1 lm thuc3 4Jm thu ` l#) 1o thn" h x o 1 y x g>3 :hu khi c8 bet %&u r) ho)3 ain n) t) sE dFn" d<i ` dPn"3 ]Pc h c8 (h*rb) m*nth)+ cJt c8 khi m.q x q? tu[ "in". bPc h nh2, tinh d&u
c5 thL %Pt h?3 :ron" tinh d&u. m*nthol k g>agya chiGm q> x y>?. c5 khon" s x h? X dPn" kGt h, 1<i ) Ubt ) U*tic. c-n lPi X dPn" t@ do3
44.
#n" dFn"3
45. 46. 47. 48. 49.
:Jn" c0n" kh nJn" ,h8n tiGt m6 hi lm "im nhit % c thL3 bch thbch ti!u ho. ch$) bi th@c kh5 ti!u. ch<n" bFn". %& hi. ti!u ch 333 kh$) ho. lon" %0m Ri tiLu. ti!u thTn"3 RiMu ln"3 K x g>>")m kh. `>> x q>> ")m ti D!. ln: `> x ^> ")m kh. h> x g>> ")m ti3 4h$n" bi thuc kinh n"hi!m ch$) cm mPo kh$) tr8u. b- cm n5n" cm nen" Ce, n<c lPnh l!n 1'n" %&u3 Vn" kh5i b6 kGt3 ]nh nnn" lO mu X tvnh mPch cB3 Cnh "i5 b_n" cc dc liu c5 tinh d&u n" n<c sec h) hAm cH) l bXi. tr* U)nh. c)m. tr)nh. n"i c#u. r)u m. l sen d8 . ch{ U)nh333 h) n<c l tr* h) l d8u s>> ")m. bPc h `>> ")m. l-i tiMn s>>")m3 4Gu tr8u. b- b/ cm nhn" k{m th*o t!. lit cc chi cho un" n<c sec cH) cc l:
50.
51.
W, cH) c8 chui ti!u th!n th) mui3

52.
n"i c#u. ch th@c. "7n". %/) liMn. sn" b63

53.
Rn s) nen" th0n" do 12n chu Ln tron" to) ch2t. chu6n" nui ch2t. n5n": chIn" b/ s'i bt
mW,. %9 met. ,ht b)n333khi %5 ,hi n"7n" 12n chu Ln th ln r) ch| mt. s)u %5 ket ` %t %ui. nnn hGt mu n" n<c cc l: ch{ U)nh. mA %M. sen d8 . ci U) . r)u m333
54.
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Doko - VN 1793849 Giao Trinh Duoc Lieu

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