Researchers has taken activities from New English Grammar and Composition of Punjab

Textbook Board Lahore taught in 9

th
and 10
th
class. Through reading of book revealed that this
is very less margin in activities to promote creativity and Organismic trust. Researchers observed
that nature of all activities is developed on traditional teaching mode insufficient for an
individual to become what Carl Rogers Fully functional Individual. For this researchers have
proposed an alternative learning approach Learner-centered Approach.
Main framework of this approach is taken from Carl Rogers Client-Centered Theory. This
approach is based on motivation and personality development, as well as focuses on
peer/Teacher interaction and interpersonal relationships (Koch, 1959, 184256). Rogers
postulated that persons possess potential of self-knowledge and self-healing, and that personality
change and development are possible if a definable climate of facilitative conditions is present
(Rogers, 1957; Rogers, 1980a, p. 115). The implication of Rogers theory is that some persons
and environments foster growth and development in human beings, and some undermine and
inhibit growth. The persons inherent self-directive processes promote greater self-esteem, self-
differentiation, more efficient self-regulation, self-understanding, and acceptance (Ryan & Deci,
2000). Rogers utilized the construct of the self tendency to describe the organisms motivation
to realize and enhance inherent potentials (Goldstein, 1940; Rogers, 1959; Bozarth & Brodley,
1991).
Rogers said:
Life would not give up, even if it could not flourish . . . . This potent constructive tendency is
an underlying basis of the person-centered approach (Rogers, 1980, 118119).
Lea et al. (2003:322) summarises some of the literature on student-centred learning to include
the followings tenets:
1. the reliance on active rather than passive learning,
2. an emphasis on deep learning and understanding,
3. increased responsibility and accountability on the part of the student,
4. an increased sense of autonomy in the learner
5. an interdependence between teacher and learner,
6. mutual respect within the learner teacher relationship,
7. And a reflexive approach to the teaching and learning process on the part of both teacher
and learner.

Researchers studied the course book and on the basis of the findings of analysis, we
propose following activities as example of Learner centered approach instead of
traditional one. These activities are best suited to develop Fully Functional Individuals
with raised self-concept, self-esteem and self-regulation. Following example activities are
a proposal on the basis of which researchers propose that principles of Learners-centered
approach should be used in classroom.
Exercise 1:
Develop a story from given outline.
1. A dog steals a piece of meat------runs away----comes to a bridge-----calm and clear water under
the bridge-----sees his reflection-----thinks another dog with bigger piece of meat------barks at it
loses his piece.

In this activity students are given a script and are forced to follow the outline, there is no margin for
creativity. Learner centered approach allow student to make their own decision. Same activity taught
under learner centered approach can be
1. Write a story on Greed is curse,
2. Brainstorm the ideas,
3. Write down the story,
4. Share it with your peers,
5. Read it aloud in your class,
6. Receive feedback from teacher.

Exercise 2:
Write a dialogue between two students regarding prayers.
In Learner centered teaching same activity can be,
1. Write down importance of prayers.
2. Discuss the importance with you class fellow,
3. Now together write down a dialogue,
4. Read the dialogue in front of class
5. Teacher can correct students where necessary.
6. Students get feedback and reward from teacher.
Example 3:
1. Students think about their hobbies. Students try to guess each others hobbies.
2. Listening passage with 6 speakers talking about their hobbies. Students listen and match
hobbies with speakers names.

While in learner-cantered approach this activity can be,
1. Students think of their hobbies.
2. In groups of 6, students make a script of a conversation where they talk together about their
hobbies.
3. Students make a tape (6 tapes in total) and a matching exercise.
4. Students swap tapes between groups, listen and match hobbies with speaker
names.
5. They listen again and complete a feedback form.
Students receive feedback from peers and the teacher

The wise old owl lived in an oak
The more he saw, the less he spoke
The less he spoke, the more he heard
Why cant we all be like that bird?





Bibliography:
Rogers, Carl. (1951). Client-centered Therapy: Its Current Practice, Implications and Theory.
London: Constable.
Rogers, Carl. (1959). A Theory of Therapy, Personality and Interpersonal Relationships as
Developed in the Client-centered Framework. In (ed.) S. Koch, Psychology: A Study of a
Science. Vol. 3: Formulations of the Person and the Social Context. New York: McGraw Hill.
Morse, S. J. & Gergen, K. J. (1970). Social comparison, self-consistency and the concept of self.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 16, 148-156.
Coopersmith, S. (1967). The antecedents of self-esteem. San Francisco: Freeman.
Carlile, O. and A. Jordan (2005). It works in practice but will it work in theory? The theoretical
underpinnings of pedagogy. In S. Moore, G. ONeill, and B. McMullin (Eds.), Emerging Issues
in the Practice of University Learning and Teaching. Dublin: AISHE.
Gibbs, G. (1995). Assessing Student Centred Courses. Oxford: Oxford Centre for Staff Learning
and Development.
Maslow, A. (1970). Motivation and Personality. New York: Harper & Row.

Rogers, C. (1961). On Becoming a Person: A Therapists View of Personality. Boston: Houghton
Mifflin.

Brodley, B. T. (1997). The nondirective attitude in client-centered therapy. The Person-Centered
Journal, 4, 1830.


Just because I liked something at one point in time doesnt mean Ill always like it, or that I have to
go on liking it at all points in time as an unthinking act of loyalty to who I am as a person, based
solely on who I was as a person. To be loyal to myself is to allow myself to grow and change, and
challenge who I am and what I think. The only thing I am for sure is unsure, and this means Im
growing, and not stagnant or shrinking.
Jarod Kintz