MATHS

"manishkumarphysics.in"
1
l< f ( g, x + +n- := +i t l+ g'(x) = f(x) ti . -i f(x) +i x + =i -i ~l-lz-- =ni+n-
}
f(x) dx = g(x) + C ,ii liili- -ii l-l- l+i i-i t ti C =ni+n l--i+ +tni-i t
ia+ u i (Standard Formula) :
(i)
}
(ax + b)
n
dx =
( )
( )
ax b
a n
n
+
+
+1
1
+ C, n = 1
(ii)
}
dx
ax b +
=
1
a
ln |ax + b| + C
(iii)
}
e
ax+b
dx =
1
a
e
ax+b
+ C
(iv)
}
a
px+q
dx =
1
p
a
na
px q +

+ C; a > 0
(v)
}
sin (ax + b) dx =
1
a
cos (ax + b) + C
(vi)
}
cos (ax + b) dx =
1
a
sin (ax + b) + C
(vii)
}
tan(ax + b) dx =
1
a
n |sec (ax + b)| + C
(viii)
}
cot(ax + b) dx =
1
a
n |sin(ax + b)| + C
(ix)
}
sec (ax + b) dx =
1
a
tan(ax + b) + C
(x)
}
cosec(ax + b) dx =

1
a
cot(ax + b) + C
(xi)
}
sec (ax + b). tan (ax + b) dx =
1
a
sec (ax + b) + C
(xii)
}
cosec (ax + b). cot (ax + b) dx =

1
a
cosec (ax + b) + C
fafza ui+na
(Indefinite Integration)
MATHS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
2
(xiii)
}
secx dx = n |secx + tanx| + C i n |
.
|

\
|
+
t
2
x
4
tan + C
(xiv)
}
cosec x dx = n |cosecx cotx| + C i n
2
x
tan + C i n |cosecx + cotx| + C
(xv)
}
d x
a x
2 2

= sin
1
x
a
+ C
(xvi)
}
d x
a x
2 2
+
=
1
a
tan
1
x
a
+ C
(xvii)
}
d x
x x a
2 2

=
1
a
sec
1
a
x
+ C
(xviii)
}
d x
x a
2 2
+
= ln
2 2
a x x + +
+ C i sinh
1
x
a
+ C
(xix)
}
d x
x a
2 2

= n
2 2
a x x +
+ C i cosh
1
x
a
+ C
(xx)
}
d x
a x
2 2

=
1
2a
ln
x a
x a

+
+ C
(xxi)
}
d x
x a
2 2

=
1
2a
ln
a x
a x
+

+ C
(xxii)
}
a x
2 2
dx =
x
2
a x
2 2
+
a
2
2
sin
1
x
a
+ C
(xxiii)
}
x a
2 2
+
dx =
x
2
x a
2 2
+
+
a
2
2
n
a
a x x
2 2
+ +
+ C
(xxiv)
}
x a
2 2
dx =
x
2
x a
2 2

a
2
2
n
a
a x x
2 2
+
+ C
(xxv)
}
e
ax
. sin bx dx =
e
a b
ax
2 2
+
(a sin bx b cos bx) + C
(xxvi)
}
e
ax.
cos bx dx =
e
a b
ax
2 2
+
(a cos bx + b sin bx) + C
MATHS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
3
ui+na s 4 (Theorems on integration) :
(i)
}
dx ). x ( f C
= C
}
dx ). x ( f
(ii)
}
dx )) x ( g ) x ( f (
=
} }
dx ) x ( g dx ) x ( f
(iii)
}
+ =
1
C ) x ( g dx ) x ( f

}
+ dx ) b ax ( f
=
a
) b ax ( g +
+ C
2
a<iri # 1
}
dx x 4
5
+i ni- ai- +il(
rn.
}
dx x 4
5
=
6
4
x
6
+ c =
3
2
x
6
+ C
a<iri # 2
} |
|
.
|

\
|
+ + + dx
x
2
x
7
4 x 5 x
2 3
+i ni- ai- +il(
rn.
} |
|
.
|

\
|
+ + + dx
x
2
x
7
4 x 5 x
2 3
=
}
dx x
3
+
}
dx x 5
2

}
dx 4
+
}
dx
x
7
+
}
dx
x
2
=
}
dx x
3
+ 5 .
}
dx x
2
4 .
}
dx . 1
+ 7 .
}
dx
x
1
+ 2 .
}

dx x
2 / 1
=
4
x
4
+ 5 .
3
x
3
4x + 7 n | x | + 2
|
|
.
|

\
|
2 / 1
x
2 / 1
+ C
=
4
x
4
+
3
5
x
3
4x + 7 n | x | + 4 x + C
a<iri # 3
( )
}
+ +
na a nx a a n x
e e e

dx, a > 0 +i ni- ai- +il(
rn.
}
+ + ) e e e (
na a nx a a n x
dx =
}
+ + ) e e e (
a a x
na nx na
dx =
}
+ + ) a x a (
a a x
dx
=
}
dx a
x
+
}
dx x
a
+
}
dx a
a
=
a n
a
x

+
1 a
x
1 a
+
+
+ a
a
. x + C.
a<iri # 4
}
+
x
x x
5
3 2
dx +i ni- ai- +il(
rn.
}
+
x
x x
5
3 2
dx =
} |
|
.
|

\
|
+
x
x
x
x
5
3
5
2
dx =
}
(
(

|
.
|

\
|
+ |
.
|

\
|
x x
5
3
5
2
dx =
5
2
n
) 5 / 2 (
x

+
5
3
n
) 5 / 3 (
x

+ C
a<iri # 5
}
x cos x sin
3 3
dx +i ni- ai- +il(
rn.
}
x cos x sin
3 3
dx =
8
1
3
) x cos x sin 2 (
}
dx =
8
1
}
x 2 sin
3
dx =
8
1
}

4
x 6 sin x 2 sin 3
dx
=
32
1
}
) x 6 sin x 2 sin 3 (
dx =
32
1
(

+ x 6 cos
6
1
x 2 cos
2
3
+ C
MATHS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
4
a<iri # 6
}
+1 x
x
2
4
dx +i ni- ai- +il(
rn.
}
+1 x
x
2
4
dx =
}
+
+
1 x
1 1 x
2
4
dx =
} |
|
.
|

\
|
+
+
+

dx
1 x
1
1 x
1 x
2 2
4
=
) 1 x (
2

}
dx +
}
+1 x
1
2
dx =
3
x
3
x + tan
1
x + C
a<iri # 7
}
+
2
x 9 4
1
dx +i ni- ai- +il(
rn.
}
+
2
x 9 4
1
dx =
9
1
}
+
2
x
9
4
1
dx =
9
1
}
+
2 2
x ) 3 / 2 (
1
dx
=
9
1
.
) 3 / 2 (
1
tan
1
|
.
|

\
|
3 / 2
x
+ C =
6
1
tan
1
|
.
|

\
|
2
x 3
+ C
a<iri # 8
}
dx x 2 cos x cos
+i ni- ai- +il(
rn.
}
dx x 2 cos x cos
=
2
1
}
dx x 2 cos x cos 2
=
2
1
}
+ ) x cos x 3 (cos
dx =
2
1
|
.
|

\
|
+ x sin
3
x 3 sin
+ C
4iu +i4
(1)
}
x tan
2
dx +i ni- ai- +il(
(2)
}
+ x sin 1
1
dx +i ni- ai- +il(
Answers : (1) tanx x + C (2) tanx sec x + C
s faiisa zii ui+na (Integration by Substitutions) :
l< tn (+ =ni+n- n |(x) = t l--iil- +- t . -i
(i) =ii nt x +i - - t + <i n l--iil- +- t
(ii) dx +i ii dt + <i n <ni i-i t
a<iri # 9
}
4 3
x sin x
dx +i ni- ai- +il(
rn. I =
}
4 3
x sin x
dx
ni-i x
4
= t d(x
4
) = dt 4x
3
dx = dt dx =
3
x 4
1
dt
I = dt
4
t sin
}
=
4
1
cost + C =
4
1
cos x
4
+ C
MATHS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
5
a<iri # 10
}
x
) x n (
2

dx +i ni- ai- +il(

rn. ni-i I =
}
x
) x n (
2

dx nx = t i-
x
1
dx = dt
I =
}
dt t
2
=
3
t
3
+ c =
3
) x n (
3

+ C
a<iri # 11
}
+ dx x cos ) x sin 1 (
2
+i ni- ai- +il(
rn. ni-i I =
}
+ dx x cos ) x sin 1 (
2
sinx = t i- cosx dx = dt
I =
}
+ dt ) t 1 (
2
= t +
3
t
3
+ c = sin x +
3
x sin
3
+ C
a<iri # 12
}
+ + 1 x x
x
2 4
dx +i ni- ai- +il(
rn. I =
}
+ + 1 x x
x
2 4
dx =
}
+ + 1 x ) x (
x
2 2 2
dx {x
2
= t i- x.dx =
2
dt
}
I =
2
1
}
+ + 1 t t
1
2
dt =
2
1
}
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ |
.
|

\
|
+
2
2
2
3
2
1
t
1
dt
=
2
1
.
2
3
1
tan
1
|
|
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
2
3
2
1
t
+ C =
3
1
tan
1
|
|
.
|

\
| +
3
1 t 2
+ C =
3
1
tan
1
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
3
1 x 2
2
+ C.
aia : (i)
}
[ f(x)]
n
f '(x) dx =
1 n
)) x ( f (
1 n
+
+
+ C
(ii)
}
| |
' f x
f x
n
( )
( )
dx =
n 1
)) x ( f (
n 1

+ C , n = 1
(iii)
}
d x
x x
n
( ) +1
, n e N, x
n
-il-a nil( -ii 1 + x
n
= t li(
(iv)
}
( )
dx
x x
n
n
n 2
1
1 +
( )
, n e N, x
n
-il-a nil( -ii 1+x
n
= t
n
li(
(v)
( )
dx
x x
n n
n
1
1
+
} /
, x + n x
n
-il-a nil( -ii 1 + x
n
= t li(
4iu +i4
(3)
}
+
dx
x tan 1
x sec
2
+i ni- ai- +il(
MATHS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
6
(4)
}
dx
x
) nx sin(
+i ni- ai- +il(
Answers : (3) n |1 + tan x| + C (4) cos (n x) + C
izi ui+na (Integration by Parts) : <i +n-i f(x) -ii g(x) + n i-+n +i =ni+n- l--- = zi ,ii
ai- l+i i =+-i t
( )
}
) x ( g ) x ( f
dx = f(x) ( )
}
) x ( g dx
( ) ( ) dx dx ) x ( g ) x ( f
dx
d
} }
|
.
|

\
|
(i)
}
dx ) x ( g ai- +- t - :=n - -z ~- art i - t
(ii)
}
dx ) x ( g +i <i -i -ii-i (+ =i lni-i -ilt
(iii) f(x) ( g(x) +i l-ii i ILATE l-n ,ii + =+- t
:=+ ~- =i i< n ~i- in +n- +i =ni+n +n- (g(x)) n- t
I l-nin +n- (Inverse function)
L nini+i +n- (Logarithmic function)
A ii +n- (Algebraic function)
T lzi+iiln-i +n- (Trigonometric function)
E -ii-i+i +n- (Exponential function)
a<iri # 13
}

dx x tan x
1
+i ni- ai- +il(
rn. ni-i I =
}

dx x tan x
1
= (tan
1
x)
2
x
2

}
+
2
x 1
1
.
2
x
2
dx
=
2
x
2
tan
1
x
2
1
}
+
+
1 x
1 1 x
2
2
dx =
2
x
2
tan
1
x
2
1
}
|
.
|

\
|
+

1 x
1
1
2
dx
=
2
x
2
tan
1
x
2
1
[x tan
1
x] + C.
a<iri # 14
}
+ dx ) x 1 ( n x
+i ni- ai- +il(
rn. ni-i I =
}
+ dx ) x 1 ( n x
= n (x + 1) .
2
x
2

}
+1 x
1
.
2
x
2
dx
=
2
x
2
n (x + 1)
2
1
}
+1 x
x
2
dx =
2
x
2
n (x + 1)
2
1
}
+
+
1 x
1 1 x
2
dx
=
2
x
2
n (x + 1)
2
1
} |
|
.
|

\
|
+
+
+

1 x
1
1 x
1 x
2
dx
MATHS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
7
=
2
x
2
n (x + 1)
2
1
}
|
.
|

\
|
+
+ dx
1 x
1
) 1 x (
=
2
x
2
n (x + 1)
2
1
(
(

+ + | 1 x | n x
2
x
2

+ C
a<iri # 15
}
x 3 sin e
x 2
dx +i ni- ai- +il(
rn. ni-i I =
}
x 3 sin e
x 2
dx
= e
2x
|
.
|

\
|

3
x 3 cos

}
x 2
e 2 |
.
|

\
|

3
x 3 cos
dx
=
3
1
e
2x
cos 3x +
3
2
}
x 3 cos e
x 2
dx
=
3
1
e
2x
cos 3x +
3
2
(

}
dx
3
x 3 sin
e 2
3
x 3 sin
e
x 2 x 2
=
3
1
e
2x
cos 3x +
9
2
e
2x
sin 3x
9
4
}
x 3 sin e
x 2
dx
I =
3
1
e
2x
cos 3x +
9
2
e
2x
sin 3x
9
4
I
I +
9
4
I =
9
e
x 2
(2 sin 3x 3 cos 3x)

9
13
I =
9
e
x 2
(2 sin 3x 3 cos 3x)
I =
13
e
x 2
(2 sin 3x 3 cos 3x) + C
aia :
(i)
}
e
x
[f(x) + f '(x)] dx = e
x.
f(x) + C
(ii)
}
[f(x) + xf '(x)] dx = x f(x) + C
a<iri # 16
}
x
e
2
) 1 x (
x
+
dx +i ni- ai- +il(
rn. l<i ni =ni+n- =
}
x
e
2
) 1 x (
1 1 x
+
+
dx =
}
x
e
|
|
.
|

\
|
+

+
2
) 1 x (
1
) 1 x (
1
dx =
) 1 x (
e
x
+
+ C
MATHS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
8
a<iri # 17
}
x
e |
.
|

\
|

x cos 1
x sin 1
dx +i ni- ai- +il(
rn. l<i ni =ni+n- =
}
x
e
|
|
|
|
.
|

\
|

2
x
sin 2
2
x
cos
2
x
sin 2 1
2
dx
=
}
x
e
|
.
|

\
|

2
x
cot
2
x
ec cos
2
1
2
dx = e
x
cot
2
x
+ C
a<iri # 18
}
(
(

+
2
) nx (
1
) nx ( n

dx +i ni- ai- +il(
rn. ni-i I =
}
(
(

+
2
) nx (
1
) nx ( n

dx {x = e
t
i- e
t
dt}
I =
}
t
e
|
.
|

\
|
+
2
t
1
nt dt =
}
t
e
|
.
|

\
|
+ +
2
t
1
t
1
t
1
nt dt
= e
t
|
.
|

\
|

t
1
nt
+ C = x
(

nx
1
) nx ( n

+ C
4iu +i4
(5)
}
dx x sin x
+i ni- ai- +il(
(6)
}
dx e x
x 2
+i ni- ai- +il(
Answers : (5) x cosx + sin x + C (6) x
2
e
x
2xe
x
+ 2e
x
+ C
ifzi+ fi-ai +i as4in + sf4 tt4 +nai +i ui+na
(Integration of Rational Algebraic Functions by using Partial Fractions) :
ifzi+ fi-a :
l< f(x) ( g(x) <i -i x + t < ti . -i x +i ln ii +n-
) x ( g
) x ( f
= liili- +- t
l< f(x) +i ii- < g(x) +i ii- ti. -i li--
) x ( g
) x ( f
-l-- ln +n- (proper rational function) +tni-i t
l< f(x) +i ii- > g(x) +i ii- ti . -i li--
) x ( g
) x ( f
~- l-- ln +n- (Improper rational function) +tni-i t
l<
) x ( g
) x ( f
~-l-- ln +n- ti. -i f(x) +i g(x) ,ii iin l<i i-i t. -il+ ln +n-
) x ( g
) x ( f
, |(x) +
) x ( g
) x ( +
+ n +- ti i(. ti |(x) ( ) x ( + (= t< t -il+ ) x ( + +i ii-. g(x) +i ii- = +n ti := +i
) x ( g
) x ( f
, t< -ii -l-- ln +n- + i n + n +- ti i-i t
l+=i -l-- ln +n-
) x ( g
) x ( f
+i ln +n-i + in + n +- l+i i =+-i t. l+ + n g(x)
+i (+ li+ ni-i ti-i t := -t +i + li--. ~ilzi+ li-- +tni-i t -ii := i-- +- +i l +i
MATHS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
9
) x ( g
) x ( f
+i ~i lzi+ li-- n li- +-i +tni-i t
) x ( g
) x ( f
+i ~i lzi+ li-- n li- n - g(x) + ni-i +i |l- l-i +-i t . i l--- +i t
fifa I t g(x) +i -i- -ti ti- in li+ n i-ii + n l--il- l+i i =+-i ti
l< g(x) = (x a
1
) (x a
2
) .....(x a
n
) ti . -i tn ni- n - t l+
) x ( g
) x ( f

1
1
a x
A

+
2
2
a x
A

+ ..... +
n
n
a x
A

ti A
1
, A
2
, ...... A
n
~- t -ii :-t <i( -i + ~zi +i -n-i i -i + ~zi = ++ ai- l+i i =+-i t
~i - x = a
1
, a
2
, ........,a
n
l--iil- +- t
a<iri # 19
6 x 11 x 6 x
2 x 3
2 3
+
+
+i ~ilzi+ li--i n ll-- +il(
rn.
6 x 11 x 6 x
2 x 3
2 3
+
+
=
) 3 x )( 2 x )( 1 x (
2 x 3

+
ni-i
) 3 x )( 2 x )( 1 x (
2 x 3

+
=
1 x
A

+
2 x
B

+
3 x
C

-
) 3 x )( 2 x )( 1 x (
2 x 3

+
=
) 3 x )( 2 x )( 1 x (
) 2 x )( 1 x ( C ) 3 x )( 1 x ( B ) 3 x )( 2 x ( A

+ +
3x + 2 = A(x 2) (x 3) + B (x 1) (x 3) + C(x 1) (x 2) ...........(i)
(i) n x 1 = 0 i x = 1 i-
5 = A(1 2) (1 3) A =
2
5
,
(i) n x 2 = 0 i x = 2 i-
8 = B (2 1) (2 3) B = 8
(i) n x 3 = 0 i x = 3 i-
11 = C (3 1) (3 2) C =
2
11

6 x 11 x 6 x
2 x 3
2 3
+
+
=
) 3 x )( 2 x )( 1 x (
2 x 3

+
=
) 1 x ( 2
5

2 x
8

+
) 3 x ( 2
11

ai a : ~i lzi+ li--. l=+ t n ~ -i - (non repeated) li+ n i-i ti . + ~ zi + l-ii + l--- lli =
ai- + =+- t
n i-i (px + q) + ~l-l+- l< n ln + n =ii nt x +i
p
q
= (px + q = 0 = ) l--iil-
+- t
MATHS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
10
= -<iti n . A +i ni- ai- +- + ln( (x 1) + ~l-l+-
) 3 x )( 2 x )( 1 x (
2 x 3

+
n x = 1 i-
A =
) 3 1 )( 2 1 (
2 1 3

+
=
2
5
:=i -t B C + ln( +nzi x = 2 3 i-
B =
) 3 2 )( 2 1 (
1 2 3

+
= 8 ~i C =
) 2 3 )( 1 3 (
2 3 3

+
=
2
11
a<iri # 20
6 x 5 x
2 x 10 x 6 x
2
2 3
+
+
+i ~ilzi+ li-- n ll-- +il(
rn. ti l<i ni +n- ~-l-- ln +n- (imporper rational function) t ~- iin < -
6 x 5 x
2 x 10 x 6 x
2
2 3
+
+
= x 1 +
) 6 x 5 x (
) 4 x (
2
+
+
...........(i)
6 x 5 x
4 x
2
+
+
=
) 3 x )( 2 x (
4 x

+
~- ni-i
) 3 x )( 2 x (
4 x

+
=
2 x
A

+
3 x
B

, -i
x + 4 = A(x 3) + B(x 2) ...........(ii)
(ii) n x 3 = 0 i x = 3 i-
1 = B(1) B = 1.
(ii) n x 2 = 0 i x = 2 i-
2 = A (2 3) A = 2

) 3 x )( 2 x (
4 x

+
=
2 x
2

+
3 x
1

~-
6 x 5 x
2 x 10 x 6 x
2
2 3
+
+
= x 1
2 x
2

+
3 x
1

fifaII t g(x) +i -i-i ti- in li+ ni-i + ni-+n + n +- l+i i =+-i ti

a<iri
) x ( g
1
=
) a x ).......( a x )( a x ( ) a x (
1
r 2 1
k

t l--- +i <lzi - l+i i =+-i t
a x
A
1

+
2
2
) a x (
A

+
3
3
) a x (
A

+ ....+
k
k
) a x (
A

+
) a x (
B
1
1

+
) a x (
B
2
2

+ ...... +
) a x (
B
r
r

~ ~-i +i ni- ai- +- + ln( <i -i -ii + ~zii +i - n-i +- t

:-n = + z nii+i +i l-il- I n li- l--ii- lli ,ii ai- +- t ( zii +i x +i =ni- ii-i +i - n-i
++ ai- l+i i-i t l---lnli- -<iti := lli +i ii +-i t
a<iri # 21
) 2 x )( 1 x ( ) 1 x (
2 x 3
2
+ +

+i ~ilzi+ li--i n ll-- +il( -ii
}
+ +

) 2 x )( 1 x ( ) 1 x (
dx ) 2 x 3 (
2
+i ni- ai-
+il(
MATHS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
11
rn. ni-i
) 2 x )( 1 x ( ) 1 x (
2 x 3
2
+ +

=
1 x
A
1

+
2
2
) 1 x (
A

+
1 x
A
3
+
+
2 x
A
4
+
3x 2 = A
1
(x 1) (x + 1) (x + 2) + A
2
(x + 1) (x + 2)
+ A
3
(x 1)
2
(x + 2) + A
4
(x 1)
2
(x + 1) .......(i)
(i) n x 1 = 0 i x = 1 i-
1 = A
2
(1 + 1) (1 + 2) A
2
=
6
1
(i) n x + 1 = 0 i x = 1 i-
5 = A
3
(2)
2
(1 + 2) A
3
=
4
5
(i) n x + 2 = 0 i x = 2 i-
8 = A
4
(3)
2
(1) A
4
=
9
8
~ <i -i -ii n x
3
+ n ii +i +i - n-i +- 0 = A
1
+ A
3
+ A
4
A
1
= A
3
A
4
=
4
5

9
8
=
36
13

) 2 x )( 1 x ( ) 1 x (
2 x 3
2
+ +

=
) 1 x ( 36
13

+
2
) 1 x ( 6
1

) 1 x ( 4
5
+
+
) 2 x ( 9
8
+
(
}
+ +

) 2 x )( 1 x ( ) 1 x (
dx ) 2 x 3 (
2
=
36
13
n |x 1|
) 1 x ( 6
1

4
5
n |x + 1| +
9
8
n |x + 2| + c
fifaIII t g(x) + + z n i-i l,ii-i t -- ~ -i -i (non repeating) ti + l,ii-i
ni-i ax
2
+ bx + c + =n-
c bx ax
B Ax
2
+ +
+
+i ~ilzi+ li-- ni- n- t. ti ~- A( B +i ni- <i-i
-+ + ~ zi n x +i =ni- ii-i + nii+i +i - n-i ++ ai- +- t =ini--
c bx ax
) b ax 2 ( A
2
+ +
+
+
c bx ax
B
2
+ +
+i ~ilzi+ li-- ni-i i =+-i t
l--- -<iti = t lli - t
a<iri # 22
) 2 x )( 1 x (
1 x 2
2
+ +

+i ~ilzi+ li--i n ll-- +il( -ii
}
+ +

) 2 x )( 1 x (
1 x 2
2
dx +i ni- ai- +il(
rn. ni-i
) 2 x )( 1 x (
1 x 2
2
+ +

=
1 x
A
+
+
2 x
C Bx
2
+
+
-
) 2 x )( 1 x (
1 x 2
2
+ +

=
) 2 x )( 1 x (
) 1 x )( C Bx ( ) 2 x ( A
2
2
+ +
+ + + +
2x 1 = A (x
2
+ 2) + (Bx + C) (x + 1) ...(i)
(i) n x + 1 = 0 i x = 1 i- 3 = A(3) A = 1
(i) + <i-i -ii n x +i =ni- ii-i + n ii+i +i - n-i +-
A + B = 0, C + 2A = 1 ( C + B = 2
1 + B = 0, C 2 = 1 (A = 1 i- )
B = 1, C = 1

) 2 x )( 1 x (
1 x 2
2
+ +

=
1 x
1
+
+
2 x
1 x
2
+
+
MATHS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
12
~-
}
+ +

) 2 x )( 1 x (
1 x 2
2
dx
= n |x + 1| +
2
1
n |x
2
+ 2| +
2
1
tan
1
2
x
+ C
fifaIV t g(x) + +z ni-i l,ii-i -ii -i -i ti . -i ~ilzi+ li-- l--- n tini
)
`

+ +
+
+ +
+
c bx ax
A
c bx ax
) b ax 2 ( A
2
1
2
0
+
( ) ( )
)

+ +
+
+ +
+
2
2
2
2
2
1
c bx ax
A
c bx ax
) b ax 2 ( A
+ .......+
( ) ( )
)

+ +
+
+ +
+

k
2
k 2
k
2
1 k 2
c bx ax
A
c bx ax
) b ax 2 ( A
l---lnli- -<iti := l+i +i ii +-i t
a<iri # 23
2 2
) 1 x )( 1 x (
3 x 2
+

+i ~ilzi+ li--i n ll-- +il(
rn. ni-i
2 2
) 1 x )( 1 x (
3 x 2
+

=
1 x
A

+
1 x
C Bx
2
+
+
+
2 2
) 1 x (
E Dx
+
+
- 2x 3 = A(x
2
+ 1)
2
+ (Bx + C) (x 1) (x
2
+ 1) + (Dx + E) (x 1) ......(i)
(i) n x = 1 i- 1 = A (1 + 1)
2
A =
4
1
A + B = 0, C B = 0, 2A + B C + D = 0, C + E B D = 2 and A C E = 3
A =
4
1
i- -ii :- =ni+ii +i tn +-
B =
4
1
= C, D =
2
1
( E =
2
5

2 2
) 1 x )( 1 x (
3 x 2
+

=
) 1 x ( 4
1

+
) 1 x ( 4
1 x
2
+
+
+
2 2
) 1 x ( 2
5 x
+
+
a<iri # 24
1 x
x 2
3

+i ~ilzi+ li--i n ll-- +il(

rn.
1 x
x 2
3

=
) 1 x x )( 1 x (
x 2
2
+ +
~- ni-i
) 1 x x )( 1 x (
x 2
2
+ +
=
1 x
A

+
1 x x
C Bx
2
+ +
+
- 2x = A (x
2
+ x + 1) + (Bx + C) (x 1) .......(i)
(i) n x 1 = 0 i x = 1 i- , 2 = 3 A A =
3
2
(i) n x = 0 i- A C = 0 C = A =
3
2
(i) n x = 1 i- 2 = A + 2B 2C
2 =
3
2
+ 2B
3
4
B =
3
2
MATHS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
13

1 x
x 2
3

=
3
2
.
1 x
1

+
1 x x
3 / 2 x ) 3 / 2 (
2
+ +
+
i
1 x
x 2
3

=
3
2
1 x
1

+
3
2
1 x x
x 1
2
+ +

4iu +i4
(7) (i)
}
+ +
dx
) 3 x )( 2 x (
1
+i ni- ai- +il(
(ii)
}
+ + ) 1 x )( 1 x (
dx
2
+i ni- ai- +il(
Answers : (7) (i) n
3 x
2 x
+
+
+ C (ii)
2
1
n |x + 1|
4
1
n (x
2
+ 1) +
2
1
tan
1
(x) + C
}
+ + c bx ax
dx
2
, }
+ + c bx ax
dx
2
,
}
+ + c bx ax
2
dx s+i + +nai +i ui+na
(Integration of type
}
+ + c bx ax
dx
2 , }
+ + c bx ax
dx
2
,
}
+ + c bx ax
2
dx) :
= in ax
2
+ bx + c +i i n + n +- +- t -=+ i< ni-+ =ni+n- = zii +i i n +-
t
a<iri # 25
}
+ + 5 x 2 x
2
dx +i ni- ai- +il(
rn.
}
+ + 5 x 2 x
2
=
}
+ + + 4 1 x 2 x
2
dx =
}
+ +
2 2
2 ) 1 x (
=
2
1
(x + 1)
2 2
2 ) 1 x ( + + +
2
1
. (2)
2
n |(x + 1) +
2 2
2 ) 1 x ( + + | + C
=
2
1
(x + 1) 5 x 2 x
2
+ + + 2 n |(x + 1) +
5 x 2 x
2
+ +
| + C
a<iri # 26
}
+ 1 x x
1
2
dx +i ni- ai- +il(
rn.
}
+ 1 x x
1
2
dx =
}
+ + 1
4
1
4
1
x x
1
2
dx =
}
+ 4 / 3 ) 2 / 1 x (
1
2
dx
=
( )
}
+
2
2
2 / 3 ) 2 / 1 x (
1
dx =
2 / 3
1
tan
1
|
|
.
|

\
|
2 / 3
2 / 1 x
+ C
=
3
2
tan
1
|
|
.
|

\
|
3
1 x 2
+ C.
MATHS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
14
a<iri # 27
}
+
2
x x 8 9
1
dx +i ni- ai- +il(
rn. }
+
2
x x 8 9
1
dx = }
} 9 x 8 x {
1
2
dx = }
+ } 25 16 x 8 x {
1
2
dx
=
}
} 5 ) 4 x {(
1
2 2 dx = }

2 2
) 4 x ( 5
1
dx = sin
1
|
.
|

\
|
5
4 x
+ C
4iu +i4
(8)
}
+ 1 x x 2
1
2
dx +i ni- ai- +il(
(9) }
+ 2 x 3 x 2
1
2
dx +i ni- ai- +il(
Answers : (8)
3
1
n
2 x 2
1 x 2
+

+ C (9)
2
1
log
1 x
2
3
x
4
3
x
2
+ + |
.
|

\
|
+
+ C
+nai
}
+ +
+
c bx ax
q px
2 dx, }
+ +
+
c bx ax
q px
2
dx,
}
+ + + c bx ax ) q px (
2
dx s+i + +nai +i ui+na
:= +i + +n-i + =ni+n- n = in ~ zi px + q +i A (t +i ~+n- n ii +) + B + n lni
a<iri # 28 }
+ +
+
1 x 4 x
3 x 2
2
dx ai- +il(
rn. }
+ +
+
1 x 4 x
3 x 2
2
dx
= }
+ +
+
1 x 4 x
1 ) 4 x 2 (
2
dx
= }
+ +
+
1 x 4 x
4 x 2
2
dx }
+ + 1 x 4 x
1
2
dx
=
}
t
dt

( )
}
+
2
2
3 ) 2 x (
1
dx, ti in =ni+n- + ln( t = (x
2
+ 4x + 1)
= 2 t n | (x + 2) + 1 x 4 x
2
+ + | + C
= 2 1 x 4 x
2
+ + n | x + 2 + 1 x 4 x
2
+ + | + C
a<iri # 29
}
+ x x ) 5 x (
2
dx +i ai- +il(
rn. ni-i (x 5) = .
dx
d
(x
2
+ x) +
- x 5 = (2x + 1) +
x +i =ni- ii- + n ii +i +i - n-i +-
1 = 2 ( + = 5 =
2
1
( =
2
11
}
+ x x ) 5 x (
2
dx
MATHS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
15
=
}
|
.
|

\
|
+
2
11
) 1 x 2 (
2
1
x x
2
+ dx
=
}
+ ) 1 x 2 (
2
1
x x
2
+ dx
2
11
}
+ x x
2
dx
=
2
1
}
t dt
2
11
}
|
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
2 2
2
1
2
1
x
dx, (ti in =ni+n- + ln( t = x
2
+ x)
=
2
1
.
2 / 3
t
2 / 3

2
11
(
(
(

|
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ |
.
|

\
|
+
2 2
2
1
2
1
x
2
1
x
2
1

2
1
.
2
2
1
|
.
|

\
|
n
(
(
(

|
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ + |
.
|

\
|
+
2 2
2
1
2
1
x
2
1
x
+ C
=
3
1
t
3/2

2
11
(
(

+ + |
.
|

\
|
+ +
+
x x
2
1
x n
8
1
x x
4
1 x 2
2 2

+ C
=
3
1
(x
2
+ x)
3/2

2
11
(
(

+ + |
.
|

\
|
+ +
+
x x
2
1
x n
8
1
x x
4
1 x 2
2 2

+ C
4iu +i4
(10)
}
+ +
+
3 x x
1 x
2
dx +i ni- ai- +il(
(11) }
+

1 x 5 x 3
5 x 6
2
dx +i ni- ai- +il(
(12)
}
+ +
2
x x 1 ) 1 x ( dx +i ni- ai- +il(
Answers : (10)
2
1
log |x
2
+ x + 3| +
11
1
tan
1
|
|
.
|

\
| +
11
1 x 2
+ C
(11) 2
1 x 5 x 3
2
+
+ C
(12)
3
1
(x
2
+ x + 1)
3/2

8
3
(2x + 1)
2
x x 1 + +

16
9
log (2x +1 + 2
1 x x
2
+ +
) + C
fi+i ifat4 +nai +i ui+na (Integration of trigonometric functions) :
(i)
}
x sin b a
x d
2
+
i
}
x cos b a
x d
2
+
i
}
x cos c x cos x sin b x sin a
x d
2 2
+ +
zi y r +i sec x u n ii +a s aii tan x = t ia s
(ii)
}
sinx b a
x d
+
i
}
cosx b a
x d
+
i
}
x cos c x sin b a
x d
+ +
MATHS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
16
i (sin) -ii +i i (cos) +i --+ = n- ~i +i ii +i -zi i (tan) n ll- - ++ tan
2
x
= t i-
t
(iii)
}
n m.sin x .cos
c b.sinx a.cosx
+ +
+ +
x
dx n
~ zi A(t) + B
d
d x
(t) + C nil( ~i tn +il(
a<iri # 30
}
+ + x cos x sin 1
1
dx +i ni- ai- +il(
rn. I =
}
+ + x cos x sin 1
1
dx
=
}
+

+
+
+
2 / x tan 1
2 / x tan 1
2 / x tan 1
2 / x tan 2
1
1
2
2
2
dx
=
}
+ + +
+
2 / x tan 1 2 / x tan 2 2 / x tan 1
2 / x tan 1
2 2
2
dx =
}
+ 2 / x tan 2 2
2 / x sec
2
dx
tan
2
x
= t i- .
2
1
sec
2
2
x
dx = dt
I =
}
+1 t
1
dt = log | t + 1| + C = log
1
2
x
tan +
+ C
a<iri # 31
}
+
+
x sin 2 x cos 3
x cos 2 x sin 3
dx ai- +il(
rn. I =
}
+
+
x sin 2 x cos 3
x cos 2 x sin 3
dx
ni-i 3 sin x + 2 cos x = (3 cos x + 2 sin x ) +
dx
d
(3 cos x + 2 sin x)
3 sin x + 2 cos x = (3 cos x + 2 sin x ) + (3 sin x + 2 cos x)
<i -i ~i i -ii +i i + n ii +i +i - n-i +-
3 + 2 = 3 ~i 2 + 3 = 2 =
13
12
~i =
13
5
I =
}
+
+ + +
dx
x sin x cos 3
) x cos 2 x sin 3 ( ) x sin 2 x cos 3 (
=
}
dx . 1 +
}
+
+
x sin 2 x cos 3
x cos 2 x sin 3
dx
= x +
}
t
dt
, ti t = 3 cos x + 2 sin x
= x + n | t | + C =
13
12
x
13
5
n | 3 cos x + 2 sin x | + C
MATHS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
17
a<iri # 32
}
+ +
+
3 x cos 2 x sin
2 x cos 3
dx ai- +il(
rn. I =
}
+ +
+
3 x cos 2 x sin
2 x cos 3
dx
ni-i 3 cos x + 2 = (sin x + 2 cos x + 3) + (cos x 2 sin x) + v
<i -i ~i sin x, cos x + n ii +i +i ~i ~- < +i - n-i +-
2 = 0, 2 + = 3, 3 + v = 2
=
5
6
, =
5
3
~i v =
5
8
I =
}
+ +
v + + + +
3 x cos 2 x sin
) x sin 2 x (cos ) 3 x cos 2 x (sin
dx
I =
}
+ dx
}
+ +

3 x cos 2 x sin
x sin 2 x cos
dx + v
}
+ + 3 x cos 2 x sin
1
dx
I = x + log | sin x + 2 cos x + 3 | + v I
1
,
ti I
1
=
}
+ + 3 x cos 2 x sin
1
dx
sin x =
2 / x tan 1
2 / x tan 2
2
+
, cos x =
2 / x tan 1
2 / x tan 1
2
2
+

i-
I
1
=
}
+
+

+
+
3
2 / x tan 1
) 2 / x tan 1 ( 2
2 / x tan 1
2 / x tan 2
1
2
2
2
dx
=
}
+ + +
+
) 2 / x tan 1 ( 3 2 / x tan 2 2 2 / x tan 2
2 / x tan 1
2 2
2
dx
=
}
+ + 5 2 / x tan 2 2 / x tan
2 / x sec
2
2
dx
ni-i l+ tan
2
x
= t i-
2
1
sec
2
2
x
= dt i sec
2
2
x
dx = 2 dt, -
I
1
=
}
+ + 5 t 2 t
dt 2
2
= 2
}
+ +
2 2
2 ) 1 t (
dt
=
2
2
tan
1
|
.
|

\
| +
2
1 t
= tan
1
|
|
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
2
1
2
x
tan
~- I = x + log | sin x + 2 cos x + 3 | + v tan
1
|
|
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
2
1
2
x
tan
+ C
ti =
5
6
, =
5
3
~i v =
5
8
MATHS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
18
a<iri # 33
}
+ x cos 3 1
dx
2
+i ni- ai- +il(
rn. l< n =ni+n- + ~-i -ii t +i sec
2
x = n ii +-
I =
}
+ 4 x tan
dx x sec
2
2
=
2
1
tan
1
|
.
|

\
|
2
x tan
+ C
4iu +i4
(13)
}
+
+
x cos 4 x sin 5
x cos 5 x sin 4
dx +i ni- ai- +il(
Answer : (13)
41
40
x +
41
9
log |5sinx + 4cosx| + C
+na
}
dx x cos x. sin
n m
+i ui+na (Integration of type
}
dx x cos x. sin
n m
) :
fifa- I
l< m ~i n =n i|- = i( ti. -i i ii-i +i +iii n <n
fifa- II
l< m i n n = +n = +n (+ lin i|- = i ti . = m lin t -i cosx = t ~i l< n lin
t -i sinx = t i- t
fifa - III
m + n (+ +iin+ =n ii + ti . -i tan x = t i
a<iri # 34
}
dx x cos x sin
4 5
+i ni- ai- +il(
rn. ni-i I =
}
dx x cos x sin
4 5
cos x = t i- sinx dx = dt
I =
}

2 2
) t 1 (
. t
4
. dt =
}
+ ) 1 t 2 t (
2 4
t
4
dt =
}
+ ) t t 2 t (
4 6 8
dt
=
9
t
9
+
7
t 2
7

5
t
5
+ C =
9
x cos
9
+ 2
7
x cos
7

5
x cos
5
+ C
a<iri # 35
}

dx ) x (cos ) x (sin
3 / 7 3 / 1
+i ni- ai- +il(
rn. ti m + n =
3
1

3
7
= 2 ((+ +iin+ ii + t )

}

dx ) x (cos ) x (sin
3 / 7 3 / 1
=
}
3 / 1
) x (tan
x cos
1
2
dx {tanx = t i- sec
2
x dx = dt}
=
dt t
3 / 1
}
=
4
3
t
4/3
+ C =
4
3
(tanx)
4/3
+ C
a<iri # 36
}
dx x cos x sin
4 2
+i ni- ai- +il(
rn.
8
1
}
+ dx ) x 2 cos 1 ( x 2 sin
2
=
8
1
}
dx x 2 sin
2
+
8
1
}
dx x 2 cos x 2 sin
2
MATHS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
19
=
16
1
}
+
16
1
dx ) x 4 cos 1 (
|
|
.
|

\
|
3
x 2 sin
3
=
16
x

64
x 4 sin
+
48
x 2 sin
3
+ C
}
1 x K x
1 x
2 4
2
+ +

dx s+i + +nai +i ui+na, ri K +ir fii+ r
zi r x +i iin <tfy aii x
x
1
= t fiy +
a<iri # 37
} 4 2
2
x x 1
x 1
+ +

dx +i ni- ai- +il(
rn. ni-i I =
} 4 2
2
x x 1
x 1
+ +

dx =
}
1
x
1
x
dx
x
1
1
2
2
2
+ +
|
.
|

\
|

{x +
x
1
= t i-
|
.
|

\
|

2
x
1
1
dx = dt}
I =
}
1 t
dt
2

=
2
1
n
1 t
1 t
+

+ C =
2
1
n
1
x
1
x
1
x
1
x
+ +
+
+ C
a<iri # 38
}
+1 x
1
4
dx +i ni- ai- +il(
rn. ni-i
I =
}
+1 x
1
4
dx =
}
+
2
2
2
x
1
x
x
1
dx =
2
1
}
+
2
2
2
x
1
x
x
2
dx
=
2
1
}
+

+
+
2
2
2
2
2
2
x
1
x
x
1
1
x
1
x
x
1
1
dx =
2
1
}
+
+
2
2
2
x
1
x
x
1
1
dx
2
1
}
+

2
2
2
x
1
x
x
1
1
dx
=
2
1
}
+ |
.
|

\
|

+
2
x
1
x
x
1
1
2
2
dx
2
1
}
|
.
|

\
|
+

2
x
1
x
x
1
1
2
2
dx
in =ni+n n x
x
1
= u ~i l,-i =ni+n n x +
x
1
= v i-
MATHS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
20
I =
2
1
( )
}
+
2
2
2 u
du

2
1
( )
}
v
v
2
2
2
d
=
2 2
1
tan
1
|
|
.
|

\
|
2
u

2
1
2 2
1
n
2
2
+ v
v
+ C
=
2 2
1
tan
1
|
|
.
|

\
|
2
x / 1 x

2 4
1
n
2 x / 1 x
2 x / 1 x
+ +
+
+ C
=
2 2
1
tan
1
|
|
.
|

\
|

x 2
1 x
2

2 4
1
n
1 2 x x
1 x 2 x
2
2
+ +
+
+ C
4iu +i4
(14)
}
1 x 7 x
1 x
2 4
2
+

dx +i ni- ai- +il(
(15)
}
x tan
dx +i ni- ai- +il(
Answers : (14)
6
1
n
3
x
1
x
3
x
1
x
+ +
+
+ C
(15)
2
1
tan
1
|
|
.
|

\
|
2
y
+
2 2
1
n
2 y
2 y
+

+ C ti y =
x tan

x tan
1
}
+ + q px b) ( ax
dx
4i
}
+ + + q px c bx ax
dx
2
) (
s+i + +nai +i ui+na
4ri px + q = t
2
fiy+
a<iri # 39
}
+ 1 x ) 3 x (
1
dx +i ni- ai- +il(
rn. ni-i I =
}
+ 1 x ) 3 x (
1
dx {x + 1 = t
2
i- dx = 2t dt}
I =
2
2
t
t 2
) 3 1 t (
1
}

dt
I = 2
}

2 2
2 t
dt
= 2 .
) 2 ( 2
1
n
2 t
2 t
+

+ C I =
2
1
n
2 1 x
2 1 x
+ +
+
+ C.
a<iri # 40
}
+ + +
+
1 x ) 3 x 3 x (
2 x
2
dx +i ni- ai- +il(
rn. ni-i I =
}
+ + +
+
1 x ) 3 x 3 x (
2 x
2
dx
MATHS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
21
x + 1 = t
2
i- , -ii dx = 2t dt, tn i-- ti -i t I = }
+ +
+
2 2 2 2
2
t } 3 ) 1 t ( 3 ) 1 t {(
dt t 2 ) 1 t (
2
}
+ +
+
1 t t
) 1 t (
2 4
2
dt = 2
}
+ +
+
1
t
1
t
t
1
1
2
2
2
dt {t
t
1
= u i- }
= 2
( )
} '
+
2
2
3 u
du
=
3
2
tan
1
|
|
.
|

\
|
3
u
+ C =
3
2
tan
1

3
t
1
t
+ C
=
3
2
tan
1
|
|
.
|

\
|

3 t
1 t
2
+ C =
3
2
tan
1

+ ) 1 x ( 3
x
+ C
}
+ + + r qx px b) ( ax
dx
2
=s + +nai +i ui+na :
}
+ + + r qx px b) ( ax
dx
2
, ax + b =
t
1
fiy ,
}
+ + q px b) ( ax
dx
2 2
, x =
t
1
fiy+
a<iri # 41 }
+ + + 1 x x ) ( x
dx
2
1
+i ni- ai- +il(
rn ni-i I =
}
+ + + 1 x x ) ( x
dx
2
1
{x + 1 =
t
1
i- dx =
2
t
1
dt }
I = }
+ |
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
|

t
1
1
t
1
t
1
t
2
2
dt
= }
+

1
t
1
t
1
t
2
dt
=
}
+

1 t t
2
dt
=
}
+ |
.
|

\
|

4
3
2
1
t
2
dt
= n
4
3
2
1
t
2
1
t
2
+ |
.
|

\
|
+ + C, ti t =
1 x
1
+
MATHS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
22
a<iri # 42 }
+
2 2
x 1 ) x 1 (
dx
+i ni- ai- +il(
rn. x =
t
1
i- dx =
2
t
1
dt
I = }
+ 1 t 1 t
2 2
) (
dt
{t
2
1 = y
2
i- tdt = ydy }
I =
}
+ y ) 2 y (
2
dy y
=
2
1
tan
1
|
|
.
|

\
|
2
y
+ C =
2
1
tan
1
|
|
.
|

\
|

x 2
x 1
2
+ C
4iu +i4
(16)
}
+ + 1 x ) 2 x (
dx
+i ni- ai- +il(
(17)
}
+ + + 1 x ) 6 x 5 x (
dx
2
+i ni- ai- +il(
(18) }
+ +
2
x x 1 ) 1 x (
dx
+i ni- ai- +il(
(19) }
+
2 2
x 1 ) 1 x 2 (
dx
+i ni- ai- +il(
(20) }
+ + + 4 x 2 x ) 2 x 2 x (
dx
2 2
+i ni- ai- +il(
Answers : (16) 2 tan
1
( ) 1 x + + C (17) 2 tan
1
( ) 1 x +
2
tan
1
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
2
1 x
+ C
(18) sin
1
|
|
|
|
.
|

\
|
+

2
5
1 x
1
2
3
+ C (19)
3
1
tan
1
|
|
.
|

\
|

x 3
x 1
2
+ C
(20)
6 2
1
n
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ + +
+ +
) 1 x ( 6 4 x 2 x
) 1 x ( 6 4 x 2 x
2
2
+ C
+nai +i ui+na (Integration of type) :
}

x
x
dx 4i
}
) ( ) ( x x
dx; x = o cos
2
u + | sin
2
u i n +
}

x
x
dx 4i
}
) ( ) ( x x
dx; x = o sec
2
u | tan
2
u i n +
MATHS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
23
}
o ) ( ) ( x x
dx
; x o = t
2
4i x | = t
2
i n +
+nai
}
dx x
n
tan ,
}
dx x
n
cot
,
}
dx x
n
sec
,
}
dx x ec
n
cos
+ uia4a ui
(Reduction formula of
}
dx x
n
tan ,
}
dx x
n
cot
,
}
dx x
n
sec
,
}
dx x ec
n
cos
) :
1. I
n
=
}
dx x tan
n
=
}

dx x tan x tan
2 n 2
=
}
) 1 x (sec
2
tan
n 2
x dx
I
n
=
}
2 n 2
tan x sec
x dx I
n 2
I
n
=
1 n
x tan
1 n

I
n 2
, n > 2
2. I
n
=
}
dx x cot
n
=
}

dx x cot . x cot
2 n 2
=
}

dx x cot ) 1 x ec (cos
2 n 2
I
n
=
}

dx x cot x ec cos
2 n 2
I
n 2
I
n
=
1 n
x cot
1 n

I
n 2
, n > 2
3. I
n
=
}
dx x sec
n
=
}

dx x sec x sec
2 n 2
I
n
= tanx sec
n 2
x
}
) 2 n )( x (tan
sec
n 3
x. secx tanx dx.
I
n
= tanx sec
n 2
x (n 2)
}
(sec
2
x 1) sec
n 2
x dx
(n 1) I
n
= tanx sec
n 2
x + (n 2) I
n 2
I
n
=
1 n
x sec x tan
2 n

+
1 n
2 n

I
n 2
4. I
n
=
}
dx x ec cos
n
=
}
x ec cos
2
cosec
n 2
x dx
I
n
= cotx cosec
n 2
x +
}
) 2 n )( x (cot
( cosec
n 3
x cosec x cot x) dx
cotx cosec
n 2
x (n 2)
}

dx x ec cos x cot
2 n 2
I
n
= cotx cosec
n 2
x (n 2)
}
) 1 x ec (cos
2
cosec
n 2
x dx
(n 1) I
n
= cotx cosec
n 2
x + (n 2) I
n 2
I
n
=
( ) 1 n
x ec cos x cot
2 n

+
1 n
2 n

I
n 2
MATHS
"manishkumarphysics.in"
24
a<iri # 43 I
n
=
}
sin
n
x dx + ln( =ni-- = zi ai- +il( -ii := +i
}
sin
4
x dx +i ai- +il(
rn. I
n
=
}
(sin x) (sin x)
n 1
dx
II I
= cos x (sin x)
n1
+ (n 1)
}
(sin x)
n2
cos
2
x dx
= cos x (sin x)
n1
+ (n 1)
}
(sin x)
n2
(1 sin
2
x) dx
I
n
= cos x (sin x)
n1
+ (n 1) I
n2
(n 1) I
n
I
n
=
n
) x (sin x cos
1 n
+
n
) 1 n (
I
n2
(n > 2)
~- I
4
=
4
) x (sin x cos
3
+
4
3
|
.
|

\
|
+ x
2
1
2
) x (sin x cos
+ C
4iu +i4
(21)
}
4 x
3 x

dx +i ni- ai- +il(

(22)
}
2 / 3
)] x 2 )( 1 x [(
dx

+i ni- ai- +il(
(23)
}
7 / 1 6 8
] ) 1 x ( ) 2 x [(
dx
+
+i ni- ai- +il(
(24) I
n
=
}
n 4
) x 1 (
dx
+
+ ln( =ni-- = zi ai- +il( -ii I
2
=
}
2 4
) x 1 (
dx
+
+i ai- +il(
(25) l < I
m,n
=
}
(sin x)
m
(cos x)
n
dx ti . -i l=z +il( l+
I
m,n
=
n m
) x (cos ) x (sin
1 n 1 m
+
+
+
n m
1 n
+

. I
m,n2
Answers : (21) ) 4 x )( 3 x ( + n ( ) 4 x 3 x + + C
(22) 2
|
|
.
|

\
|

1 x
x 2
x 2
1 x
+ C
(23)
3
7
7 / 1
2 x
1 x
|
.
|

\
|
+

+ C
(24) I
n
=
1 n 4
) x 1 )( 1 n ( 4
x

+
+
) 1 n ( 4
5 n 4

I
n1
I
2
=
) x 1 ( 4
x
4
+
+
4
3
|
|
|
|
.
|

\
|
|
|
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ +
+

|
|
|
|
.
|

\
|

2
x
1
x
2
x
1
x
n
2 4
1
2
x
1
x
tan
2 2
1
1
+ C