3-6 I E S LIGHTING HANDBOOK

Steradiancy in a given direction is the radiant flux per unit solid angle,
per unit of projected area of the source viewed from that direction.
Irradiancy is the incident radiant flux per unit area.
Radiant intensity is the radiant energy emitted per unit time, per unit
solid angle about the direction considered.
Spectral radiant intensity is radiant intensity per unit wavelength interval.
2. Terms Relating to Light \
Light, for the purposes of illuminating engineering, is radiant energy
evaluated according to its capacity to produce visual sensation. The
evaluation is accomplished by multiplying the energy radiated at each
wavelength by the standard luminosity factor for that wavelength and
/0.76
adding the results: F
=
KxJ\d\. See Table 1-3.
Jo.38
x
Luminous flux is the time rate of flow of light.
Illumination is the density of luminous flux incident upon a surface.
It equals the quotient of flux by the area of the surface when the flux is
uniform over the area.
-
Luminous intensity is the solid angular luminous flux density in the
direction in question. It equals the quotient of the flux on an element of
surface by the angle subtended by the element when it is viewed from
the source.
Brightness is the luminous intensity of any surface in a given direction,
per unit of projected area of the surface viewed from that direction.
3. Basic Units of Light Measurement
)
-
The lumen is the unit of luminous flux. It equals the flux emitted
through a unit solid angle (one steradian) from a point source of one candle.
-
The lumen-hour is the unit of light. It is the quantity of light delivered
in one hour by a flux of one lumen.

The footcandle is the unit of illumination when the foot is the unit of
length. It is the illumination on a surface, one square foot in area, on
which is uniformly distributed a flux of one lumen. It equals lumens per
square foot. See Fig. 3-1.
The lux is the unit of illumination in the metric system. It equals
lumens per square meter.
The phot is the unit of illumination when the centimeter is the unit of
length. It equals lumens per square centimeter.
The candle is the unit of luminous intensity.
Candlepower is luminous intensity expressed in candles.
The apparent candlepower of an extended source (at a specified distance)
is the candlepower of a point source which would produce the same illu-
mination at that distance.
T* The mean spherical candlepower of a lamp is the average candlepower
of the lamp in all directions in space. It is equal to the total luminous
flux (lumens) of the lamp divided by 47r.