MINIATURE LAMP APPLICATIONS 15-3

Table 15-2. Ten American Standard Sizes of Dry Cells'

1
NOMINAL CELL DIMENSIONS
DESIGNATION
Diameter Height
AA \
in. (12.7 mm) 1*1 n. (47.6 mm)
A f
in. (15.9 mm)
H
in. (47.6 mm)
B f
in. (19.1 mm)
9A
^8
n. (54.0 mm)
c H
in. (23.8 mm) in. (46.0 mm)
CD
1 in. (25.4 mm)
Q_3_
"16
in. (81.0 mm)
D li
in. (31.8 mm)
2*
in. (57.2 mm)
E
\\ in. (31.8 mm) 21 in. (73.0 mm)
F lJiin. (31.8 mm)
Oi
6
m. (87.3 mm)
G
\\ in. (31.8 mm) 4 in. (101.6 mm)
No. 6
2\ in. (63.5 mm) 6 in. (152.4 mm)

American Standard Specification for Dry Cells and Batteries, National Bureau of Standards, Washington,
D. C.
Flashlight reflectors.
The most popular flashlights are the spotlight type
employing parabolic reflectors
(1|
to
If
inches diameter and
|
inch focal
length) and prefocused types of lamps. When a beam from a flashlight
of this type is projected on a wall at a distance of 30 feet the spot produced
consists of a multiplicity of filament images that have been magnified ap-
proximately 1,000 times. To ensure uniform small round spots, the re-
flector contour must be accurate. If it were not for that light which,
emanating direct from the filament, does not strike the reflector, the spot-
light type of flashlight would not be very useful for mcst purposes, since by
itself the beam is too concentrated. A diffusing element which may be
introduced or removed at will by a flashlight user sometimes is included
to overcome this difficulty. Bull's-eye type flashlights produce a beam of
a much lower candlepow
r
er which approximately fills a 60-degree cone
.
Appliances
Miniature lamps are used on various appliances primarily as indicators
to show
r
visually that power is flowing to the device, or that it is function-
ing properly.
Flat irons. Low-voltage, tungsten-filament lamps have been emploj^ed
by connecting them in series-shunt arrangement as shown in Fig. 15-2a,
to indicate whether the heater element is in or out of the circuit. When
the thermostat opens, the lamp goes out. The lamp must be located
where it will not get too hot. Base solder will melt and basing cement
will loosen at 300 degrees Fahrenheit.
a
b
FIG. 15-2. Typical circuits used in flat irons, toasters, electric blankets, and other
heating appliances, a. Series-shunt type for incandescent lamps, b. Shunt type
for glow lamps.