Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Familiarization
ZULFIQAR MIRANI
Sr. Electronics Engineer
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Types of Computer
Analogue
Digital
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Analogue Computer
Recognize data as a continuous
measurement of a physical property
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Digital Computer
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Digital Computer can
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In Digital Computers
Data is represented in Binary form
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Computers are used in
Business & Industry
Science & Technology
Education
Government
Recreation & Entertainment
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In Civil Aviation
Computers are used in
Radar Data processing & representation
Flight plan data processing & management
Air Traffic Message Switching
Flight Information Display
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Computer System
Hardware
Computer
Primary storage
Secondary storage
Input devices
Output devices
Software
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Classification
Large computer are grouped as
Super Computers
Mainframe Computers
Mini Computers
Whereas
Microcomputers
are the smallest computer
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How Computers are used?
Data Processing
Control
Design & Development
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Functions
Computer can perform
Arithmetic functions on numeric data
Compare values
Store & retrieve data
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Data Processing
converting the Data (raw facts) into
Information (an organized, usable form) is
called data processing
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Flow of data
Input
Processing
Output
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Input involves
Collecting
verification and
encoding data into a machine readable form
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Processing involves
Classifying
sorting
calculating
summarizing and
storing the results
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Output involves
Retrieving the data
converting data into human readable form
and
displaying the information to the user
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Computers can not
Decide how to be programmed
provide its own input
interpret data
implement decisions
Think
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Basic Elements of a Computer
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Basic Elements of a Computer
Input
Arithmetic & Logic Unit
Control Unit
Primary Memory
Output
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Microcomputer Elements:
Input/output
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Memory
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Central Processing Unit
Comprises:
ALU
CU
Primary Storage
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Microprocessor
Arithmetic & Logic Unit and
Control Unit
on a single chip (Integrated Circuit) is
called a Microprocessor.
It may also contain primary storage
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Memory
Primary
Secondary
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Primary Storage
provides temporary storage of data during
program execution.
Example:
Semiconductor Memory
RAM
ROM
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RAM
Random Access Memory allows the user to
enter data into memory (write)
retrieve the stored data (read)
RAM is also called Read & Write Memory
When power is shut off everything that was
stored in RAM is lost
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ROM
Is a Read Only Memory, data cannot be
written into it
Contents of ROM are permanent and do not
lost when power is shut off
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Volatile Memory
Is called when Data is lost with power shut off
Example
RAM
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Non Volatile Memory
Power shut off has no impact on data.
Example:
ROM
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Bit
Is smallest unit of data that a computer
recognizes
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Byte
Is a group of Eight bits
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Input
Is the process of entering and translating
data into a machine readable form
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Input devices
Keyboard
Mouse
Joystick
Track ball
Light pen
Digitizer
Touch screen
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Output
Is the process of
translating data into a form understandable
to a humans or
storing data or information in secondary
storage device readable by other machines
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Output devices
Printer
Plotter
Monitor
Voice synthesizer
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Printer
Impact Printers
Dot Matrix
Daisy wheel
Non Impact Printers
Inkjet
Thermal transfer
Laser
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Plotter
Produces images on paper
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Secondary Memory
Is a non-volatile memory used for
storage of large amounts of data for
permanent or long term storage
storing backup or copies of data
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Secondary Storage devices
Magnetic tapes
Magnetic disks
Optical media
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Magnetic Tapes forms
Reel to reel
Cassette
Cartridge
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Magnetic Disk forms
Floppy Diskette
Hard Disk
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Optical Technology forms
Compact Disk
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Thank You
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