World Applied Programming, Vol (2), No (2), February 2012.

69-80
ISSN: 2222-2510
2011 WAP journal. www.waprogramming.com

Fuzzy Q-ideals in Q-algebras

Samy M. Mostafa

Mokhtar A. Abdel Naby

Osama R. Elgendy *

Department of mathematics,
Ain Shams University,
Roxy, Cairo, Egypt
samymostafa@hotmail.com

Department of mathematics,
Ain Shams University,
Roxy, Cairo, Egypt
abdelnaby@yahoo.com

Department of mathematics,
Ain Shams University,
Roxy, Cairo, Egypt
dr_usamaelgendy@yahoo.com

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to introduce the notion of Q-ideal and fuzzy Q-ideal in Q-algebra and study
their properties, we also study the fuzzy relations on Q-algebras.
Classification: 06F35, 03G25, 03B52.
Keywords: Q-algebra; (fuzzy) Q-ideal; homomorphism of Q-algebra.
I.

INTRODUCTION

Y. Imai and K. Iseki introduced two classes of abstract algebras: BCK-algebras andBCI-algebras [4,5]. It is known
that the class of BCK-algebras is proper subclass of the class of BCI-algebras. In [10,11] Q. P. Hu and X. Li introduce
a wide class of abstract algebras: BCH-algebras. They have shown that the class of BCI-algebras is a proper subclass
of the class of BCH-algebras. J. Neggers and H. S. Kim [2] introduced the notion of d-algebras, which is another
useful generalization of BCK-algebras and investigated several relations between d-algebras and oriented diagraphs.
On the while Y. B. Jun, E. H. Roh and H. S. Kim [15] introduced a new notion, called a BH-algebra, which is a
generalization of BCH / BCI / BCK-algebras. J. Neggers, S. S. Ahn and H. S. Kim [3] introduced a new notion, called
Q-algebra, which is a generalization of BCH / BCI / BCK-algebras and generalize some theorems discussed in BCIalgebras. Moreover, they introduced the notion of "quadratic Q-algebras". In [13], Ahn and Kim introduced the notion
of QS-algebra which is a generalization of Q-algebras. The concept of fuzzy set was introduced by L. A. Zadeh in [6].
P. S. Das [9] and A. Rosenfeld [12] applied it to the fundamental theory of groups. O. G. Xi [7] applied the concept of
fuzzy set to BCK-algebras. In this paper, we introduce the notion of fuzzy Q-ideals of Q-algebras as a generalization
of a fuzzy ideal of a Q-algebra and then we investigate several basic properties which are related to fuzzy Q-ideals. We
investigate how to deal with the homomorphic image and inverse image of fuzzy Q-ideal. We prove to that if

and are fuzzy Q-ideals of Q-algebras

is a fuzzy Q-ideal of

, then

X X , either

or
II.

X X

is a fuzzy Q-ideal of

is a fuzzy Q-ideal of

conversely, we show that if

PRELIMINARIES

By a BCK-algebra, we mean an algebra ( X ;,0) of type (2, 0) satisfying the following axioms (BCK-1)

(( x y ) ( x z )) ( z y ) = 0,
(BCK-2)

(( x ( x y )) y = 0,

(BCK-3)

x x = 0,

(BCK-4

x y = 0 and y x = 0 imply x = y,

(BCK-5)
0 x = 0.
For all x, y , z X . One can define a partial order relation on X by x y if and only if

x y = 0 For all x, y X . The following are true in BCK-algebra

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Samy M. Mostafa, Mokhtar A. Abdel Naby, Osama R. Elgendy, World Applied Programming, Vol (2), No (2), February 2012.

(P1)

x0= x,

(P2)

( x y) z = ( x z) y .

For further details of BCK-algebras we refer to [4,5].

Definition 2.1 [3]. A Q-algebra is a non-empty set X with a constant 0 and a binary operation satisfying axioms:

(I) x x = 0,
(II) x 0 = x,
(III) ( x y ) z = ( x z ) y.
For brevity we also call
if x y

a Q-algebra. In X we can define a binary relation

by

x y

if and only

=0.

Example 2.2 [3]. Let X = { 0, 1, 2 } in which is defined by:

0
0
1
2

0
1
2

1
0
0
0

2
0
0
0

Then ( X ;,0) is a Q-algebra.

Example 2.3. Let

X = { 0, 1, 2 } in which is defined by the following table:

0
1
2
Then

0
0
1
2

1
2
0
1

2
1
2
0

( X ;,0) is a Q-algebra. C. B. Kim, H. S. Kim [1] introduced the notion of BG-algebras , i.e., (BG1) x x = 0 ;

(BG2) x 0 =

x;

(BG3) ( x y ) (0 y ) =

x, for all x, y X . We show that BG-algebras and Q-algebra are

different notions. For example, example 2.3 is not BG-algebra, but a Q-algebra, since (2 3) (0 3) = 0 2.
Proposition 2.4 [3]. If ( X ;,0) is a Q-algebra, then
(IV)

( x ( x y)) y = 0, for any x, y X

The

following theorems give relations between Q-algebras and the different algebras
(BCK / BCI/ BCH-algebras)
Theorem 2.5 [3]. Every BCH-algebra X is a Q-algebra. Every Q-algebra
algebra.
Theorem 2.6[3]. Every Q-algebra satisfying the condition (IV) and
(V)

( x y) ( x z) = z y

for all x, y, z X , is a BCI-algebra.

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satisfying the condition (IV) is a BCH-

Samy M. Mostafa, Mokhtar A. Abdel Naby, Osama R. Elgendy, World Applied Programming, Vol (2), No (2), February 2012.

Theorem 2.7 [3]. Every Q-algebra X satisfying the condition (V), (IV) and
(VI)

( x y) x = 0

for any x, y X , is a BCK-algebra.

Theorem 2.8 [3]. Every Q-algebra

satisfying x ( x y ) =

x y for all x, y X , is a

trivial algebra.
Remark 2.9. Every QS-algebra X is a Q-algebra. Every Q-algebra
(V)

satisfying the condition

( x y ) ( x z ) = z y , for any x, y X , is QS-algebra.

III. Q-IDEAL AND FUZZY Q-IDEAL

Definition 3.1 [4]. A non empty subset I of a BCK-algebra X is called a BCK-ideal ideal of
(I1) 0 I ,
(I2) x I and y x I implies y I for all x , y X .
Definition 3.2. A non empty subset A of a Q-algebra X is called a Q-ideal of
(Q1) 0 I ,
(Q2) ( x y ) z A, y A imply x z I , for all x, y, z X .
Example 3.3. Let X

if it satisfies

if

= {0,1, 2,3, 4} be a set with a binary operation defined by:

0
1
2
3
4

0
0
1
2
3
4

1
0
0
2
0
4

2
0
0
0
3
4

3
0
1
0
0
4

4
4
4
4
4
0

Then ( X ;,0) is Q-algebra, let A = {0,1,2,3} it is easy to see that A is Q-ideal of X .

proposition 3.4. Let ( X ; , 0) be Q-algebra. Then for any Q-ideal A of X is a BCK-ideal of X .
Proof . I1 is satisfied. From Q2, we have ( x y ) z A, y A imply x z I , put z = 0
in Q2, then we have
I2 satisfied.

x y A, y A

imply

x 0 = x A for all x, y, z X

, i.e.,

proposition 3.5. Let ( X ; , 0) be BCK-algebra. Then for any BCK-ideal is a Q-ideal of X .

0 I , then Q1 is satisfied. We verify Q2: let

( x y) z I , y I , from properties of BCK-algebra we get (( x z ) y) (( x y) z ) = 0 I ,
((x z ) (x y ) z ) y ) I . Since I is
a BCK-ideal and y I , Then ( x z ) (( x y ) z ) I , and since ( x y ) z I and I is
BCK-ideal, then we have x z I . Hence Q2 is hold.
Proof. Let I be a BCK-ideal in a BCK-algebra X . Then

then we get

Definition 3.6. A non empty subset S of Q-algebra X is called a Q-subalgebra of X

If it closed under the Q-operation, i.e., x y S for all x , y S . Such subalgebra is obviously Q-algebra,
but some subalgebra may be also BCK-algebras.

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Proposition 3.7. Let ( X ; , 0) be Q-algebra. Then for any BCK-ideal is a Q-subalgebra of X .

Proof. Let I be a BCK-ideal in Q-algebra X , then for all x, y X , we have 0 = (x
BCK-ideal and
Hence

x I , then x y I .

y ) x I , since I is a

is Q-subalgebra.

Example 3.8. Let X = {0,1, 2,3, 4} as in (example 3.2). Let A

BCK-subalgebra, since
((2 1) (2 3)) (3 1) = (2 0) 0 = 2 0 .

= {0,1, 2,3} , it is clear that A is Q-ideal, it is not

= {0,1, 2} is Q-subalgebra, which is not BCK-ideal because,

0 = 3 1 I , 1 I , but 3 I .

On the other hand, I

Thus in Q-algebra, Q-ideal, BCK-ideal and Q-subalgebra are independent concepts.

IV. HOMOMORPHISM OF Q-ALGEBRA

Definition 4.1 [3]. Let X and Y be Q-algebras. A mapping

f : X Y

is called a homomorphism if

f (x y ) = f (x ) f ( y ), x , y X .
A homomorphism

is called a monomorphism (resp., epimorphism) if it is injective (resp., surjective). A bijective

homomorphism is called an isomorphism. Two Q-algebras X and Y are said to be isomorphic, written by X Y , if
there exist an isomorphism f : X Y . For any homomorphism f : X Y , the set {x X | f ( x) = 0} is

Ker ( f ) and the set { f ( x) | x X } is called the image of f , denoted

by Im( f ) . We denote by Hom (X ,Y ) the set of all homomorphism of Q-algebras from X to Y .
Proposition 4.2 [3]. Suppose f : X X is a homomorphism of Q-algebras. Then
(1)
f (0) = 0
(2)
f is isotone, if x y = 0, x, y X , f ( x) f ( y) = 0 .

called the kernel of

, denoted by

Proposition 4.3. Let ( X ; , 0) and ( X ; , 0) be Q-algebras. A mapping

algebras, then the Ker ( f

f : X X is homomorphism of Q-

is Q-ideal.

Proof. Let ( x y ) z Ker f , y Ker f , then f ( y ) = 0,

Since

0 = f (( x y ) z ) = ( f ( x) f ( y )) f ( z )
0 = ( f ( x) 0) f ( z ) by using (II)
0 = f ( x) f ( z )
0 = f ( x z ), hence x z Ker f .
Theorem 4.4. Let ( X ; , 0) and (Y ;,0' ) be Q-algebras and let B be a Q-ideal of Y , then for
any f Hom ( X , Y ), f
Proof. 0 B ,

( B) is an Q-ideal of X

0 = f (0) f (B ) . Assume that ( x y ) z f 1 ( B) and y f 1 ( B), then

f ((x y ) z ) = (f (x ) f ( y )) f (z ) B . and f ( y ) B , since B is Q-ideal of Y , we have
f (x z ) = f (x ) f (z ) B , i.e., x z f 1 (B ).
1
This means that f (B ) is an Q-ideal of X .
1

V. FUZZY Q-IDEAL
Definition 5.1 [6]. Let

be a set. A fuzzy set

in

is a function
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: X [0,1].

Samy M. Mostafa, Mokhtar A. Abdel Naby, Osama R. Elgendy, World Applied Programming, Vol (2), No (2), February 2012.

Definition 5.2 [7]. Let X be a BCK-algebra. A fuzzy set

BCK-ideal of X if it satisfies
(F1) (0) (x ) x X ,
(F2)

in

is called a fuzzy

(x ) min{ (x y ), (x )} x , y X .

X be a Q-algebra. A fuzzy set in X is called a fuzzy Q-ideal of X

(0) (x ) x X ,
(x z ) min{ ((x y ) z ), ( y )} x , y , z X .

Definition 5.3. Let

(F1)
(F-Q)

if it satisfies

X = {0,1,2,3,4} as in (example 3.2). Let t 0 , t 1 , t 2 , [0,1] be such that t 0 > t1 > t 2 . Define a
mapping : X [0,1] by (0) = t 0 , (1) = t 1 , (2) = (3) = (4) = t 2 .
Example 5.4. Let

Routine calculation gives that

is a fuzzy Q-ideal of

Theorem 5.5. Any fuzzy Q-ideal of Q-algebra

is a fuzzy BCK-ideal of

Proof. In definition 5.3, let z = 0 . Hence, (F-Q) gives

that (x 0) min{ ((x y ) 0), ( y )} = min{ (x

be a fuzzy Q-ideal of Q-algebra X

(x ) min{ ( y ), (z )} .

Lemma 5.6. Let

y ), ( y )} By the fact x 0 = x , we obtain (F2).

if the inequality

x y z

holds in X, then

x y z holds in X, then (x y ) z = 0 , then

(x y ) min{ ((x y ) z ), (z )} = min{ ((x y ) z ), (z )} by (III)
min{ (0), (z )} = (z ) but,
(x z ) min{ ((x y ) z ), ( y )}
put z = 0
(x ) min{ (x y ), ( y )}
(x ) min{ (z ), ( y )}

Proof. Assume the inequality

This completes the proof.

Lemma 5.7. If ( X ; , 0) is a Q-algebra, then (( x z ) (( x z ) y )) y = 0.
Proof. By (I) and (III),

(( x z ) y ) (( x z ) y ) = 0.

Theorem 5.8. In Q-algebra

, every fuzzy ideal in

is a fuzzy Q-ideal in

be a fuzzy ideal of Q-algebra X . it is sufficient to show that satisfies the condition (F-Q). Let
x, y, z X . Since X is an Q-algebra, we have ( x z ) y = ( x z ) y. By lemma 5.6, we
have (( x z ) (( x z ) y )) y = 0, and hence
( x z ) (( x z ) y ) y, It follows that ( x z ) min{ (( x z ) y ), ( y )}, and by (III) we have
( x z ) min{ (( x y ) z ), ( y )}. Thus (F-Q) holds and the proof is completed.
Lemma 5.9. If is a fuzzy Q-ideal of Q-algebra X , then x y implies ( y ) ( x).
Proof. If x y then x y = 0, this together with x 0 = x and (0) ( x), gives
(x 0) = (x ) min{ ((x y ) 0), ( y )}
min{ (0 0), ( y )}
min{ (0), ( y )}
( y ).
Proof. Let

This complete the proof

Theorem 5.10. the intersection of any set of fuzzy Q-ideal in Q-algebra X is also a fuzzy Q-ideal.
Proof. Let {i } be a family of fuzzy Q-ideals in Q-algebra X . then for any x, y, z X ,

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Samy M. Mostafa, Mokhtar A. Abdel Naby, Osama R. Elgendy, World Applied Programming, Vol (2), No (2), February 2012.

(I i ) (0) = inf( i (0)) inf( i ( x)) = (I i ) ( x)

and

(I i ) ( x z ) = inf( i ( x z )) inf(min{i (( x y ) z ), i ( y )})

= min{inf( i (( x y ) z )),inf( i ( y ))}) = min{(I i ) (( x y ) z ), (I i ) ( y )}.

this complete the proof.

be a fuzzy subset of a set X , for t [0,1] , the set t = {x X ; (x ) t } is

called a level subset of .
Definition 5.12. Let be a fuzzy Q-ideal of Q-algebra X . The Q-ideal t , t [0,1] , is called a level Q-ideal of
.
Theorem 5.13. A fuzzy subset of a Q-algebra X is a fuzzy Q-ideal of X if and only if, for every t [0, 1], t is
Definition 5.11 [9]. Let

either empty or a Q-ideal of

(0) (x ) t for x t and so

0 t . Let (x y ) z t , y t . Then ((x y ) z ) t , ( y ) t . Since is a fuzzy Q-ideal, it

Proof. Assume that

is a fuzzy Q-ideal of

. By definition (F1) we have

follows that

(x z ) min{ ((x y ) z )), ( y )} t

and that

x z t .

Thus

is a Q-ideal of

. Conversely

we only need to show that (F1) and (F-Q) of definition 5.3, are true.
If (F1) is false, then there exist x X such that (0) < ( x). If we take

t = ( (x ) + (0)) / 2, then (0) < t

and 0 t (x ) 1. Thus x t and t . As t is a Q-ideal of X , we have 0 t and so

(0) t . This is a contradiction. Now assume (F-Q) is not true. Then, there exist x , y , z X

such that

(x z ) < min{ ((x y ) z ), ( y )}. Putting

t = ( (x z ) + min{ ((x y ) z ), ( y )}) / 2, then
(x z ) < t and 0 t < min{((x y ) z ), ( y )} 1. Hence,
((x y ) z ) > t and ( y )} > t . Which imply that (x y ) z t and y t . Since t is a
Q-ideal, it follows that x z t and that (x z ) t . This is also a contradiction. Hence, is a fuzzy Qideal of X .
Corollary 5.14. If a fuzzy subset of a Q-algebra X is a fuzzy Q-ideal, then for every t Im( ), t is a Q-ideal
of X when t .
Remark 5.15. The union of two fuzzy Q-ideals may not be a fuzzy Q-ideal as show in the following example.
Example 5.16.
Let

X = {0,1, 2,3, 4}

be a set with a binary operation defined by:

0
1
2
3
4

0
0
1
2
3
4

1
0
0
2
3
4

2
0
1
0
3
3

3
0
0
2
0
2

4
0
0
0
0
0

Then ( X ; ,0) is a Q-algebra. Let

A and B

are two Q-ideals of

not Q-ideal of
And

A = {0,1, 2} and B = {0,1,3} are two subsets of X it is easy to see that

X . Then (A B ) = {0,1} is also Q-ideal of X , but (A B ) = {0,1, 2,3} is

such that. (1 2) 4 = 3 ( A B )

2 ( A B) but 1 4 ( A B) . Let t 0 , t 1 , t 2 , t 3 , t 4 [0,1] be such that t 0 > t1 > t 2 > t 3 > t 4 .

Define fuzzy

and

: X [0,1] by

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Samy M. Mostafa, Mokhtar A. Abdel Naby, Osama R. Elgendy, World Applied Programming, Vol (2), No (2), February 2012.

(0) = t 0 , (1) = (2) = (3) = t 3 , (4) = t 2 ,

(0) = t1 , (1) = t 2 , (2) = (3) = (4) = t 4 ,

t i [0,1], 0 i 4 . By routine calculation give that and are fuzzy Q-ideals. We note that
Im( ) = {t 0 ,t 2 ,t 3} . Then ( )t = {0,1} is a Q-ideal of X

Where

Theorem 5.17. Let A be a Q-ideal of Q-algebra

a fuzzy Q-ideal of X such that t = A .

. Then for any fixed number t in an open interval (0, 1), there exist

: X [0,1] by
if x A ,
t
(x ) =
if x A ,
0

Proof. Define

(0) ( x) for all x X .

Let x, y, z X . If y X , then ( y ) = 0 and so (x ) 0 = min{ ((x y ) z ), ( y )}. If x A , then
clearly (x z ) min{ ((x y ) z ), ( y )}. If x z A, y A, then ( x y ) z A, because A is a Qideal. Thus (x z ) = 0 = min{ ((x y ) z ), ( y )}.
Hence is a fuzzy Q-ideal of X . It is clear that t = A .
Theorem 5.18. Let A be a non empty subset of a Q-algebra X and be a fuzzy subset of X such that is into
{0, 1}, so that is the characteristic function of A . Then is a fuzzy Q-ideal of X iff A is a Q-ideal of X .
Where t is a fixed number in (0, 1). Clearly,

is a fuzzy Q-ideal of X . Since (0) (x ) for all x X . Clearly we have (0) = 1,

and so 0 A . Let (x y ) z A , and y A , then Since is a fuzzy Q-ideal of X , it follows that
(x z ) min{ ((x y ) z ), ( y )} = 1, and that (x z ) = 1. This means that (x z ) A , so that A
is Q-ideal of X .
Conversely suppose A is a Q-ideal of X . Since 0 A , (0) = 1 (x ) for all x X . Let x , y , z X . If
y A , then ( y ) = 0, and so (x z ) 0 = min{ ((x y ) z ), ( y )}, if x z A , and y A , then
Proof. Assume that

(x y ) z A

(x z ) = 0 = min{ ((x y ) z ), ( y )}.

Therefore is a fuzzy Q-ideal of X .
Note that, if X is a finite Q-algebra, then the number of Q-ideals of X is finite. Where as the number of level Qideal of a fuzzy Q-ideal appears to be infinite. But, since every level Q-ideal is indeed a Q-ideal of X , not all
because

is a Q-ideal. Thus

these level Q-ideals are distinct. The next theorem characterizes this aspect.
Theorem 5.19. Let

be a fuzzy Q-ideal of a Q-algebra

and let

t , t
1

be level Q-ideals of , where t1 < t2 ,

then the following are equivalent.

(i) t1 = t2 .
(ii) There is no x X such that t1 ( x ) < t2 .
Proof. Assume that

t = t
1

for t1

< t2 and that there exist x X such that t1 ( x) < t2 . Then t2 is proper

subset of t1 , a contradiction. Conversely suppose that there is no x X such that t1

( x) < t2 . It follows from

t1 < t2 that t1 t2 . Let x t1 . Then ( x) t1 , and hence ( x) t2 , because ( x) does not lie between
t1 and t2 . Hence x t2 , this implies that t1 t2 . There fore t1 = t2 .
Definition 5.20. Let f be a mapping from the set
defined by

sup (x )

f ( )( y ) = ( y ) = x f 1 ( y )

to Y if

if

is a fuzzy subset of
1

, then the fuzzy subset

(x ) = {x X | f (x ) = y } ,
otherwise

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Samy M. Mostafa, Mokhtar A. Abdel Naby, Osama R. Elgendy, World Applied Programming, Vol (2), No (2), February 2012.

Is called the image of

under f. similarly, if

is a fuzzy subset

( x) = ( f ( x)) for all x X

=o f

in

(i.e, the fuzzy subset defined by

) is called the preimage of under f.

Theorem 5.20. An onto homomorphic preimage of a fuzzy Q-ideal is also a fuzzy Q-ideal.

f : X X be an onto homomorphism of Q-algebras, a fuzzy Q-ideal of X and the preimage

of under f. Then (f (x )) = (x ) for all x X . Since f ( x) X and is a fuzzy Q-ideal of X , it follows
that (0) (f (x )) = (x ) for every x X , where 0 is the zero element of X . But
(0) = ( f (0)) = (0) and so (0) ( x) for x X . Since is a fuzzy Q-ideal, we have
( x z ) = ( f ( x z )) = ( f ( x) f ( z )) min{ (( f ( x) y ) z ), ( y )} for any y , z X ,
since f is onto, there exist x, y, z X such that f (x ) = x , f ( y ) = y , f (z ) = z . Then
Proof. Let

(x z ) min{ ((f (x ) y ) z ), ( y )}
= min{ ((f (x ) f ( y )) f (z )), (f ( y ))}
= min{ (f (x y ) f (z )), (f ( y ))}
= min{ (f ((x y ) z ), (f ( y ))}
= min{ ((x y ) z ), ( y )}.

Since x , y

and z are arbitrary elements of X , the above result is true for all x , y , z X .

x , y ,z X

i.e., ( x y ) m in { (( x y ) z ), ( y ) } for all

This completes the proof.
Definition 5.21 [12]. A fuzzy subset of
that (t0 ) = sup

has sup property if for any subset T of

, there exist

t0 T such

(t ) .

tT

Theorem 5.22. An onto homomorphic image of a fuzzy Q-ideal with sup property is a fuzzy Q-ideal.
Proof. Let f : X X be an onto homomorphism of Q-algebras, is a fuzzy Q-ideal of X with sup property
and the image of under f. Since is a fuzzy Q-ideal of

, we have

(0) ( x) for all x X

. Note

f 1 (0) , where 0 and 0 are the zero elements of X and X respectively.

Thus (0) = sup (t ) = (0) ( x ) for all x X , which implies that
that 0

t f

(0 )

(0) sup (t ) = (x ) , for any x X .

t f

(0 )

x, y, z X , let x 0 f 1 (x ), y 0 f
( y 0 ) = sup (t ) and ((x 0 y 0 ) z 0 ) =

For any

t f

( y ), z 0 f 1 (z ) be such that
sup
(t ) . Then

t f 1 (( x y )z )

( y )

((x z ) =

sup

t f 1 ( x z )

(t ) = (x 0 z 0 ) min{ ((x 0 y 0 ) z 0 ), ( y 0 )}
= min{

sup

t f 1 (( x y )z )

Hence

(t ), sup

t f 1 ( y )

(t )}

= min{ ((x y ) z ), ( y )}

is a fuzzy Q-ideal of X .

VI. CARTESIAN PRODUCT OF FUZZY Q-IDEAL

Definition 6.1 [8]. A fuzzy relation on any set

Defination6.2 [8]. If is a fuzzy relation on a set

( x, y ) min{ ( x), ( y )} for all x, y S .

is a fuzzy subset : S S [0,1] .

and is a fuzzy subset of

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, then is a fuzzy relation on if

Samy M. Mostafa, Mokhtar A. Abdel Naby, Osama R. Elgendy, World Applied Programming, Vol (2), No (2), February 2012.

Definition6.3 [8]. Let and be fuzzy subsets of a set

. The Cartesian product of

( )( x, y ) = min{ ( x), ( y )} for all x, y S .

Lemma 6.4 [8]. Let and

(i)
(ii)

is defined by

be fuzzy subsets of a set S . Then,

is a fuzzy relation on S ,
( )t = t t for all t [0,1].

Definition 6.5 [8]. If is a fuzzy subset of a set S , the strongest fuzzy relation on

and

given by (x , y ) = min{ (x ), ( y )} for all

Lemma 6.6 [8]. For a given fuzzy subset of a set

that is a fuzzy relation on is

x, y S .

, let

be the strongest fuzzy relation on S

. Then for

t [0,1] , we have ( )t = t t .
Proposition 6.7. for a given fuzzy subset of a Q-algebra
is a fuzzy Q-ideal of
Proof. Since

zero element of

X X

, let

, then (x ) (0) for all x X .

is a fuzzy Q-ideal of

X X

be the strongest fuzzy relation on

X and Y be Q-algebras, we define * on X Y by: for all (x , y ),(u ,v ) X X

(x , y ) (u ,v ) = (x u , y v ) . Then clearly (X Y ; ,(0,0)) is a Q-algebra.
and

(x ) (0)

Remark6.8. Let

. If

X X , it follows from (F1) that (x , x ) (0, 0) . Where (0, 0) is the

. But this means that,

min{ (x ), (x )} min{ (0), (0)} which implies that

Theorem 6.9. Let

be a fuzzy Q-ideal of Q-algebra

. Then

is a fuzzy Q-ideal of

X X

(x , y ) X X ,
( )(0,0) = min{ (0), (0)} min{ (x ), ( y )} = ( )(x , y ) .
Now let (x 1 , x 2 ),( y 1 , y 2 ),(z 1 , z 2 ) X X . Then
min{( )(((x 1 , x 2 ) ( y 1 , y 2 )) (z 1 , z 2 )),( )( y 1 , y 2 )}
= min{( )((x 1 y 1 , x 2 y 2 ) (z 1 , z 2 )),( )( y 1 , y 2 )}
= min{( )((x 1 y 1 ) z 1 ,(x 2 y 2 ) z 2 ),( )( y 1 , y 2 )}
= min[min{ ((x 1 y 1 ) z 1 ), ((x 2 y 2 ) z 2 )}, min{ ( y 1 ), ( y 2 )}]
= min[min{ ((x 1 y 1 ) z 1 ), ( y 1 )}, min{ ((x 2 y 2 ) z 2 ), ( y 2 )}]
min{ (x 1 ), (x 2 )}
= ( )(x 1 , x 2 ).
Proof. Note first that for every

This completes the proof.

Theorem 6.10. Let and

be fuzzy subset of Q-algebra X such that is a fuzzy Q-ideal of X X

(i)
either (x ) (0) or (x ) (0) for all x X .
(ii)
(0) (x ) for all x X ,then either (0) (x ) or (x ) (0) .
(iii)
If (x ) (0) for all x X , then either (0) (x ) or (x ) (0) .
(iv)
Either or is a fuzzy Q-ideal of X .
Proof. (i) suppose that (x ) > (0) and ( y ) > (0) for some x , y X . Then
( )(x , y ) = min{ (x ), ( y )} > min{ (0), (0)} = ( )(0,0) .
This is a contradiction and we obtain (i).
(ii) Assume that there exist x , y X such that

(x ) > (0) and ( y ) > (0) . Then

77

. Then

Samy M. Mostafa, Mokhtar A. Abdel Naby, Osama R. Elgendy, World Applied Programming, Vol (2), No (2), February 2012.

( )(0,0) = min{ (0), (0)} = (0) it follows that

( )(x , y ) = min{ (x ), ( y )} > (0) = ( )(0,0)

which is a contradiction.

Hence (ii) holds.

(iii) is by similar method to part (ii).
(iv) Since by (i) either ( x ) (0) or

(x ) (0) for all x X .

Without loss of generality we may assume that (x ) (0) for all x X , from (iii) it follows that either
(x ) (0) or (x ) (0) . If (x ) (0) for any x X , then
( )(0, x ) = min{ (0), (x )} = (x ) . Let (x 1 , x 2 ),( y 1 , y 2 ),(z 1 , z 2 ) X X
Since is a fuzzy Q-ideal of X X , we have
( )(x 1 , x 2 ) min{( )(((x 1 , x 2 ) ( y 1 , y 2 )) (z 1 , z 2 )), ( )( y 1 , y 2 )}
(A)
= min{( )((x 1 y 1 ) z 1 ,(x 2 y 2 ) z 2 ), ( )( y 1 , y 2 )}
(x 2 ) = ( )(0, x )
min{( )(0,(x 2 y 2 ) z 2 ),( )(0, y 2 )}
If we take x 1 = y 1 = z 1 = 0 , then
= min[min{( (0), ((x 2 y 2 ) z 2 )}, min{ (0), ( y 2 )}]
= min{ ((x 2 y 2 ) z 2 ), ( y 2 )}
This prove that is a fuzzy Q-ideal of X . Now we consider the case (x ) (0) for all x X . Suppose that
( y ) > (0) for some y X . then (0) ( y ) > (0) . Since (0) (x ) for all x X , it follows
that (0) > ( x ) for any x X . Hence ( )(x ,0) = min{ (x ), (0)} = (x ) , taking
(x 1 ) = ( )(x 1 ,0)
min{( )(((x 1 y 1 ) z 1 ),0),( )( y 1 ,0)}
x 2 = y 2 = z 2 = 0 in (A), then
= min[min{( ((x 1 y 1 ) z 1 ), (0)}, min{ ( y 1 ), (0)}]
= min{ ((x 1 y 1 ) z 1 ), ( y 1 )}
Which proves that is a fuzzy Q-ideal of X . Hence either or is a fuzzy Q-ideal of X .
Theorem 6.11. Let be a fuzzy subset of a Q-algebra X and let be the strongest fuzzy relation on X .
then, is a fuzzy Q-ideal of

if and only if

is a fuzzy Q-ideal of

X X

X . we note from (F1) that

(0,0) = min{ (0), (0)} min{ (x ), ( y )} = (x , y ) for any (x , y ) X X

Proof. Assume that is a fuzzy Q-ideal of

From (F-Q), we have that

( x1 , x2 ) = min{ ( x1 ), ( x2 )}
min{min{ (( x1 y1 ) z1 ), ( y1 )}, min{ (( x2 y2 ) z2 ), ( y2 )}}
= min{min{ (( x1 y1 ) z1 ), (( x2 y2 ) z2 )}, min{ ( y1 ), ( y2 )}}
= min{ (( x1 y1 ) z1 ),( x2 y2 ) z2 ), ( y1 , y2 )}
= min{ ((( x1 , x2 ) ( y1 , y2 )) ( z1 , z2 )), ( y1 , y2 )}
For all ( x 1 , x 2 ), ( y 1 , y 2 ), ( z 1 , z 2 ) X X . Hence is a fuzzy Q-ideal of X X .
Conversely, suppose that is a fuzzy Q-ideal of X X . Then , for all (x 1 , x 2 ) X X ,
min{ (0), (0)} = (0,0) (x 1 , x 2 ) = min{ (x 1 ), (x 2 )}
it follows that
Now, let

(x ) (0) . For all x X

, which proves (F1).

(x 1 , x 2 ), ( y 1 , y 2 ), (z 1 , z 2 ) X X . Then,

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Samy M. Mostafa, Mokhtar A. Abdel Naby, Osama R. Elgendy, World Applied Programming, Vol (2), No (2), February 2012.

min{ ( x1 ), ( x2 )} = ( x1 , x2 )
min{ ((( x1 , x2 ) ( y1 , y2 )) ( z1 , z2 )), ( y1 , y2 )}
= min{ (( x1 y1 ) z1 ),( x2 y2 ) z2 ), ( y1 , y2 )}

particular if we take

= min{min{ (( x1 y1 ) z1 ), (( x2 y2 ) z2 )}, min{ ( y1 ), ( y2 )}}

= min{min{ (( x1 y1 ) z1 ), ( y1 )}, min{ (( x2 y2 ) z2 ), ( y2 )}}
x 2 = y 2 = z 2 = 0 , then (x 1 ) min{ ((x 1 y 1 ) z 1 ), ( y 1 )} .

This proves (F-Q) and completes the proof.

Algorithms
Algorithms for Q-algebra:
Input ( X : set , * : binary operation )
Output ( X is a Q-algebra or not )
Begin
If X = then
Go to (1.) ;
End if
Stop : = false
i : = 1;
While i | x | and not (stop) do
If

xi xi

0 then

Stop : = true
End if
j:=1
While j | x | and not (stop) do
If x 0 x then
j

Stop : = true
End if
k:=1
While k | x | and not (stop) do

( xi x j ) xk ( xi xk ) x j then
Stop : = true
End if
End while
End while
End while
If stop then
(1.) output ( X is not a Q-algebra )
End if
End.
Algorithms for Q-ideal in Q-algebra
Input ( X : Q-algebra, I : subset of X ) ;
Output ( I is a Q-ideal of X or not ) ;
Begin
If I = then
Go to (1.) ;
End if
If 0 I then
Go to (1.) ;
End if
Stop : = false
i : = 1;
While i | x | and not (stop) do

79

In

Samy M. Mostafa, Mokhtar A. Abdel Naby, Osama R. Elgendy, World Applied Programming, Vol (2), No (2), February 2012.

j:=1
While j | x | and not (stop) do
k:=1
While k | x | and not (stop) do
If ( xi y j ) I and y j zk I then
If

( xi zk ) I then

Stop : = false
End if
End while
End while
End while
If stop then
Output ( I is a Q-ideal of X )
Else
(1.) output ( I is not a Q-ideal of X )
End if
End.
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C. B. Kim, H. S. Kim, On BG-algebras (submitted).

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[4]

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O. G. Xi, Fuzzy BCK-algebra, Math. Japon. 36 (1991) 935-942.

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