GERUND

TO-INFINITIVE

1. Cch s dng

Cch dng To-infinitive:

L ch ng ca cu: dancing bored

him.
B ng ca ng t: her hobby is
painting.
L b ng: Seeing is believing.
Sau gii t: He was accused of
smuggling.
Sau mt vi ng t: avoid, mind,
enjoy,...

1. Verb + to V
Nhng ng t sau c theo sau trc
tip bi to-infinitive: agree, appear,
arrange, attempt, ask, decide,
determine, fail, endeavour, happen,
hope, learn, manage, offer, plan,
prepare, promise, prove, refuse, seem,
tend, threaten, try, volunteer, expect,
want,...
Ex:
- She agreed to pay $50.
- Two men failed to return from the
expedition.
- The remnants refused to leave.
- She volunteered to help the disabled.
- He learnt to look after himself.

2. Mt s cch dng c bit

+ Nhng ng t sau c theo sau
bi V-ing: admit, avoid, delay, enjoy,
excuse, consider, deny, finish,
imagine, forgive, keep, mind, miss,
postpone, practise, resist, risk,
propose, detest, dread, resent,
pardon, try, fancy.
Ex:
- He admitted taking the money.
- Would you consider selling the
property?
- He kept complaining.
- He didn't want to risk getting wet.
+ Verbs + prepositions: apologize for,
accuse of, insist on, feel like,
congratulate on, suspect of, look
forward to, dream of, succeed in,
object to, approve/disapprove of...
+ Gerund cng theo sau nhng cm
t nh:
- It's no use / It's no good...
- There's no point ( in)...
- It's ( not) worth ...
- Have difficult ( in) ...
- It's a waste of time/ money ...
- Spend/ waste time/money ...
- Be/ get used to ...
- Be/ get accustomed to ...
- Do/ Would you mind ... ?
- be busy doing something
- What about ... ? How about ...?
- Go + V-ing ( go shopping, go
swimming... )

2. Verb + how/ what/ when/ where/

which/ why + to V
Nhng ng t s dng cng thc ny
l:
ask, decide, discover, find out, forget,
know, learn, remember, see, show,
think, understand, want to know,
wonder...
Ex:
- He discovered how to open the safe.
- I found out where to buy fruit cheaply.
- She couldn't think what to say.
- I showed her which button to press.
3. Verb + Object + to V
Nhng ng t theo cng thc ny l:
advise, allow, enable, encourage,
forbid, force, hear, instruct, invite,
order, permit, persuade, request,
remind, train, urge, want, tempt...
Ex:
- These glasses will enable you to see
in the dark.
- She encouraged me to try again.
- They forbade her to leave the house.
- They persuaded us to go with them.

* Note: Mt s ng t c th i cng vi c ng t nguyn th v V-ing, hy so snh s

khc nhau v ngha gia chng.
Stop V-ing: dng lm g (dng hn)
Stop to V: dng li lm vic g
Ex:

- Stop smoking: dng ht thuc.

- Stop to smoke: dng li ht thuc
Remember/forget/regret to V: nh/qun/tic s phi lm g ( hin ti tng lai)
Remember/forget/regret V-ing: nh/qun/tic lm g ( qu kh)
Ex:
- Remember to send this letter (hy nh gi bc th ny)
- Dont forget to buy flowers (ng qun mua hoa nh)
- I regret to inform you that the train was cancelled (ti rt tic phi bo tin cho anh rng
chuyn tu b hy)
- I paid her $2. I still remember that. I still remember paying her $2. (ti nh tr c y 2 la
ri)
- She will never forget meeting the Queen. (c y khng bao gi qun ln gp n hong)
- He regrets leaving school early. It is the biggest mistake in his life. (Anh y hi tic v b hc
qu sm)
Try to V: c gng lm g
Try V-ing: th lm g
Ex:
- I try to pass the exam. (ti c gng vt qua k thi)
- You should try unlocking the door with this key. (bn nn th m ca vi chic kha ny)
Like V-ing: Thch lm g v n th v, hay, cun ht, lm thng thc.
Like to do: lm vic v n l tt v cn thit
Ex:
- I like watching TV.
- I want to have this job. I like to learn English.
Prefer V-ing to V-ing
Prefer + to V + rather than (V)
Ex:
- I prefer driving to traveling by train.
- I prefer to drive rather than travel by train.
Mean to V: C nh lm g.
Mean V-ing: C ngha l g.
Ex:

- He doesnt mean to prevent you from doing that. (Anh y khng c ngn cn bn lm vic
.)
- This sign means not going into. (Bin bo ny c ngha l khng c i vo trong.)
Need to V: cn lm g
Need V-ing: cn c lm g (= need to be done)
Ex:
- I need to go to school today.
- Your hair needs cutting. (= your hair needs to be cut)
Used to V: tng/thng lm g trong qu kh (by gi khng lm na)
Be/Get used to V-ing: quen vi vic g ( hin ti)
Ex:
- I used to get up early when I was young. (Ti thng dy sm khi cn tr)
- Im used to getting up early. (Ti quen vi vic dy sm ri)
Advise/allow/permit/recommend + Object + to V: khuyn/cho php/ ngh ai lm g.
Advise/allow/permit/recommend + V-ing: khuyn/cho php, ngh lm g.
Ex:
- He advised me to apply at once.
- He advised applying at once.
- They dont allow us to park here.
- They dont allow parking here.
See/hear/smell/feel/notice/watch + Object + V-ing: cu trc ny c s dng khi ngi ni
ch chng kin 1 phn ca hnh ng.
See/hear/smell/feel/notice/watch + Object + V: cu trc ny c s dng khi ngi ni
chng kin ton b hnh ng.
Ex:
- I see him passing my house everyday.
- She smelt something burning and saw smoke rising.
- We saw him leave the house.
- I heard him make arrangements for his journey.