A Beginners Guide to the Steel Construction Manual

Example Problem 9.1

Given:

last modified: 26 July 2008

by: TBQ

An I-shaped section is to be used as a beam-column to support an axial load that consists of 300 kips dead load, 200
An I-shaped section is to be used as a beam-column to support an axial load that consists of 300 kips dead load, 20
kips live load, and 400 kips wind load plus a transverse point load in the strong plane that consists of 150 kips wind lo
kips live load, and 400 kips wind load plus a transverse point load in the strong plane that consists of 150 kips wind
applied at mid span. The beam-column has an overall length 27 ft. The member part of a braced frame and has pin
applied at mid span. The beam-column has an overall length 27 ft. The member part of a braced frame and has pi
ends in both principle directions. The weak direction has lateral support at third points. Use LRFD.
ends in both principle directions. The weak direction has lateral support at third points. Use LRFD.
Length
Steel

D
(k)
300
0

27 ft
A992

Axial
Transverse

L
(k)
200
0

W
(k)
400
150

P
Q

Wanted:
Find the lightest I-shaped section that can support the given loads with the specified support conditions.
Find the lightest I-shaped section that can support the given loads with the specified support conditions.
Solution:
Section
Fy
sqrt(E/Fy)

W40X199

H1-1 Result

50 ksi
24.08

Section Properties
d
38.7 in
Ag
58.5 in2
tf
1.07 in
tw

0.65 in

bf/2tf

7.39

h/tw

52.6

Zx

869 in

14900 in

Ix

0.944

Load Combinations
Axial Force
Dead

Live

Wind

300.0

200.0

400

(k)

LRFD LC-2

1.2

1.6

680.0

LRFD LC-3

1.2

0.8

680.0

LRFD LC-4

1.2

0.5

1.6

1100.0

Dead

Live

Wind

Sx

770 in3

rx

16 in

ry

3.45 in

0.0

0.0

150.0

(k)

Iy

695 in4

LRFD LC-2

1.2

1.6

0.0

Sy

88.2 in3

LRFD LC-3

1.2

0.8

120.0

Zy

137 in3
18.3 in4

LRFD LC-4

1.2

0.5

1.6

240.0

J
Cw

246000

rts

4.12 in

ho

37.63 in
1

c
kc

Transverse Force

LRFD LC-4 will be the controlling load case.

0.552

Compute Demand Including Second Order Effects

alpha
1

Flexural Capacity

0.90

Pnt
Plt
Lx
Kx(braced)

1100.0 k

Yielding: Mnx
LTB: Mrx

3620.83 ft-k
2245.83 ft-k

0 k

Lb

9.00

ft

27 ft

Lp

12.19

ft

Lr

30.33

ft

Mnt

1620 ft-k

Mlt

0 ft-k

Compute Cb

Pe1

40625 k

On center laterally unsupported length

MA
0.208 QL

use CM

1.000

MB

0.250 QL

Pr'

1100 k

MC

0.208 QL

B1

1.03

Mmax

0.250 QL

Cb

1.087

Mnx

3620.83 ft-k
C

Pr
Mrx

1100.00 k
1665.09 ft-k

FLB: B4.1 c1
Mr

9.15

24.08

Mnx
Find the lightest I-shaped section that can support the gi

2245.83 ft-k

web: B4.1 c9
controlling: Mnx
Mcx
Mr/Mc

3620.83 ft-k
C
3620.83 ft-k
3258.8 ft-k
0.511

of 300 kips dead load, 200

of 300 kips dead load, 200
onsists of 150 kips wind load
consists of 150 kips wind load
braced frame and has pinned
braced frame and has pinned
e LRFD.
se LRFD.

t conditions.
ort conditions.

Axial Capacity

Combined Forces
0.9

supported length

Kx

equation

Ky

result

(KL/r)x

20.25

(KL/r)y

31.30

controlling KL/r
4.71*sqrt(E/Fy)
Fe
flange: B4.1 c3
Qs
web: B4.1 c10
f
b
be
Aeff
Qa
Q
4.71*sqrt(E/QFy)
Fcr
Pn
Pc
Pr/Pc

31.30
113.43
292.07

ksi

Not Slender
1
Slender
46.54

ksi

34.19 in
26.13 in
53.3 in2
0.910
0.910
118.88
42.65

ksi

2494.75 k
2245.27 k
0.490

H1-1a
0.944

A Beginners Guide to the Steel Construction Manual

Example Problem 9.2
Given:

last modified: 12 Nov 2007

by: TBQ

The frame shown. The beams are subjected to a uniform load of 2 k/ft each. Lateral forces of 5k and 10k are applie
The frame shown. The beams are subjected to a uniform load of 2 k/ft each. Lateral forces of 5k and 10k are appli
at the 2nd floor and roof levels, respectively. The lateral loads are in the direction going from left to right. Out of the
at the 2nd floor and roof levels, respectively. The lateral loads are in the direction going from left to right. Out of the
the frame, all the columns are pinned at each end and are parts of braced frames. Use ASD.
the frame, all the columns are pinned at each end and are parts of braced frames. Use ASD.

Wanted:
Check the capacity of each of the column segments against combined bending and axial force criteria.
Check the capacity of each of the column segments against combined bending and axial force criteria.
Solution:
Analysis Cases:

Steel
Fy
sqrt(E/Fy)

A992
50 ksi
24.08

Columns: Grids A & B

Section
W14x48

Beams: 2nd Floor & Roof

Section
W24x84

Section Properties

Section Properties
Ix
2370 in^4

d
Ag

13.8 in

tf

0.595 in

14.1 in2

bf/2tf

6.75

h/tw

33.6

Zx

78.4 in3

Ix

484 in4

Sx

70.2 in3

rx

5.85 in

ry

1.91 in

Iy

51.4 in4

Sy

12.8 in3

Zy

19.6 in3
1.45 in4

J
Cw

2240

rts

2.20 in

ho

13.205 in
1

c
kc

0.690

In the plane of the frame:

alpha

Grid
Level

1.6

Column A1
A
1
Strong Axis bending in plane

Column B1
B
1
Weak Axis bending in plane

Column A2
A
2
Strong Axis bending in

The forces are taken from an indeterminate analysis performed with SAP 2000, student version
Mnt(t)
Mnt(t)
Mnt(t)
-24.81 ft-k
-3.31 ft-k
Mnt(b)

-10.05 ft-k

Mnt(b)

Pnt(t)

0 ft-k

Mnt(b)

45.03 k

Pnt(t)

39.63 k

Pnt(t)

Pnt(b)

45.41 k

Pnt(b)

40.11 k

Pnt(b)

Mlt(t)

78.32 ft-k

Mlt(t)

7.79 ft-k

Mlt(t)

Mlt(b)

95.44 ft-k

Mlt(b)

0 ft-k

Mlt(b)

Plt(t)

-5.93 k

Plt(t)

10.93 k

Plt(t)

Plt(b)

-5.98 k

Plt(b)

10.93 k

Plt(b)

Length
Gtop
Gbtm

10 ft
0.817
1

Length
Gtop
Gbtm

10 ft
0.0868
10

Length
Gtop
Gbtm

K1:

Kx(braced)

0.76

Ky(braced)

0.65

Kx(braced)

K2:

Kx(unbraced)

1.28
5.85 in

Ky(unbraced)

1.16
1.91 in

Kx(unbraced)

r
Pe1

16655 k

r
Pe1

2418 k

r
Pe1

Pe2

5872 k

Pe2

759 k

Pe2

M1

-10.05 ft-k

M1

0 ft-k

M1

M2

-24.81 ft-k

M2

-3.31 ft-k

M2

CM

0.438

CM

0.600

CM

use CM

0.438

use CM

0.600

use CM

Pr'

39.430 k

Pr'

51.040 k

Pr'

B1

1.00

B1

1.00

B1

(Pnt)

84.66 k

(Pe2)

6631 k

B2

1.021 <--- level (not single column) dependent

at bottom of column:
Pr
39.31 k
Mrx
87.38 ft-k

Yielding: Mnx
LTB: Mrx

Flexure

1.67

at top of column:
Pr
50.79 k
Mry
4.64 ft-k
Flexure

1.67

ft-k

204.75

ft-k

Lb

10.00

ft

FLB: B4.1 c1
Mr

Lp

6.75

ft

9.15

Lp

Lr

21.88

ft

24.08

Lr

1.000

Mnx

300.46

FLB: B4.1 c1
Mr

Mny
ft-k

C
204.75 ft-k

9.15

24.08

Mnx
web: B4.1 c9
controlling: Mnx
Mcx
Mr/Mc

Axial
flange: B4.1 c3
web: B4.1 c10
Kx
Ky
(KL/r)x

web: N/A
controlling: Mny
Mcy
Mr/Mc

81.67

Yielding: Mnx
LTB: Mrx

Flexure

326.67

Cb

Yielding

Mny

at bottom of column:
Pr
Mrx

ft-k

C
37.33 ft-k

88.80

ft-k

Lb

Cb
Mnx

81.67

ft-k

48.90

ft-k

FLB: B4.1 c1
Mr
p

0.095

326.67

ft-k

300.46

ft-k

179.9

ft-k

Mnx
web: B4.1 c9

controlling: Mnx
Mcx
Mr/Mc

0.486
1.67
Not Slender
Not Slender
1.28
1
26.26

Axial
flange: B4.1 c3
web: B4.1 c10
Kx
Ky
(KL/r)x

1.67
Not Slender
Not Slender
1
1.16
20.51

Axial
flange: B4.1 c3
web: B4.1 c10
Kx
Ky
(KL/r)x

(KL/r)y
controlling KL/r
4.71*sqrt(E/Fy)

(KL/r)y

62.83
62.83

Controlling
4.71*sqrt(E/Fy)

113.43

Fe

72.51

Fcr

(KL/r)y

72.88
72.88

controlling KL/r
4.71*sqrt(E/Fy)

113.43

ksi

Fe

53.89

ksi

Fe

37.47

ksi

Fcr

33.91

ksi

Fcr

Pn

528.26

Pn

478.11

Pn

Pc

316.32

Pc

286.3 k

Pc

Pr/Pc

0.124

Combined equation
result

H1-1b
0.548

Pr/Pc
Combined equation
result

0.177
H1-1b
0.184

Conclusion: Both columns are over sized for this application.

Pr/Pc
Combined equation
result

of 5k and 10k are applied at grid A

of 5k and 10k are applied at grid A
left to right. Out of the plane of
m left to right. Out of the plane of
D.

e criteria.
rce criteria.

Column A2

Strong Axis bending in plane

Column B2
B
2
Weak Axis bending in plane

0 ft-k

Mnt(t)

0 ft-k

-20.41 ft-k

Mnt(b)

3.31 ft-k

20.84 k

Pnt(t)

20.25 k

21.32 k

Pnt(b)

20.73 k

0 ft-k

Mlt(t)

0 ft-k

-14.75 ft-k

Mlt(b)

1.8 ft-k

0 k

Plt(t)

7.27 k

0 k

Plt(b)

7.26 k

10 ft
0.408

Length
Gtop

10 ft
0.0434

0.817

Gbtm

0.0868

0.7
1.2
5.85 in

Ky(braced)

0.53

Ky(unbraced)

1.01
1.91 in

19633 k

r
Pe1

3637 k

6681 k

Pe2

1002 k

0 ft-k

M1

0 ft-k

-20.41 ft-k

M2

3.31 ft-k

0.600

CM

0.600

0.600

use CM

0.600

21.320 k

Pr'

27.990 k

1.00

B1

1.00

(Pnt)

41.09 k

(Pe2)

7682 k

B2

1.000 <--- level (not single column) dependent

at bottom of column:
21.32 k
-35.16 ft-k
1.67

at bottom of column:
Pr
27.99 k
Mry
5.11 ft-k
Flexure

1.67

326.67

ft-k

204.75

ft-k

10.00

ft

FLB: B4.1 c1
Mr

14.01

ft

9.15

21.88

ft

24.08

1.000
326.67

ft-k

C
204.75 ft-k
9.15

Yielding

Mny

0.00

ft-k

C
37.33 ft-k

Mny

-6.00

ft-k

web: N/A
controlling: Mny

-6.00

ft-k

-3.60

ft-k

Mcy
Mr/Mc

0.104

24.08
326.67

ft-k

326.67

ft-k

195.6

ft-k

0.180
1.67
Not Slender
Not Slender
1.2
1
24.62

Axial
flange: B4.1 c3
web: B4.1 c10
Kx
Ky
(KL/r)x

1.67
Not Slender
Not Slender
1
1.01
20.51

(KL/r)y

62.83
62.83

Controlling
4.71*sqrt(E/Fy)

113.43
72.51
37.47
528.26
316.32
0.067
H1-1b
0.213

63.46
63.46
113.43

ksi

Fe

71.08

ksi

ksi

Fcr

37.25

ksi

Pn

525.20

Pc
Pr/Pc
Combined equation
result

314.5 k
0.089
H1-1b
0.149