Problem Set #3

DIFFCAL
I.

(20 pts/ea) Tangent Line and Normal Lines to a Curve

1. Find the equation of the tangent line and normal line to the graph of

y x2 3
at the point (-1, 2).

y
2. Find the equation of the tangent line and normal line to the graph of
at the point where x = 0.

x 1
x 1

9 x 2 16 y 2 52
3. Find the equation/s of the TL to

which is parallel to the line

9x 8 y 1

x2 2y2 3
4. Find the equation/s of the normal line of slope 2 to the ellipse

y x 5
3

5. At what point is the tangent line to the curve

12 x y 17

: a) parallel to the line

x 3y 2

; b) perpendicular to the line

II.
(20 pts/ea) Rate of Change
1. If A (in2) is the area of a square and s (inches) is the length of a side.
Find the average rate of change of A wrt s as s changes from a) 4 to
4.6, b) 4 to 4.3, c) 4 to 4.1. d) What is the instantaneous rate of change
of A wrt s when s = 4.
2. Let r be the reciprocal of n. Find the instantaneous rate of change of r
wrt n and relative rate of change of r per change in r when n is: a) 4
and b) 10
3. Find the rate of change of the volume wrt r of the cone if the height is
constant at r = 6 ft.
4. A solid consists of a right-circular cylinder and a hemisphere on each
end. The length of the cylinder is twice its radius. Find the rate of
change of the volume wrt the radius when r = 2 in.
5. The longer base of an isosceles trapezoid is one more than 1/3 of the
shorter base. If the altitude of the trapezoid is always equal to the
longer base, find the rate of change of the area of the trapezoid wrt its
longer base when the longer base is six units.
III.
(20 pts/ea) Relative Rates
1. A ladder 25 ft long stands against a wall. The lower end is being pulled
out directly away from the wall at 6 ft per min. At what rate is the top

2.

3.

4.

5.

IV.

1.
2.
3.

of the ladder descending at the instant where the lower end is 7 ft from
the wall.
A 6-ft tall man is walking away from a 15-ft post at a rate of 5 ft/sec in
a straight line. How fast is the tip of his shadow moving when he is 40
ft away from the post?
A swimming pool is 40 ft long, 20 ft wide, 8 ft deep at the deepest end
and 3 ft deep at the shallow end, the bottom being rectangular. If the
pool is filled by pumping water into it at the rate of 100 ft3/min. How
fasr is the water level rising when it is 3 ft deep at the deepest end.
A 25-ft long ladder is leaning against a vertical wall. The foot of the
ladder is on a horizontal floor and is pulled away from the wall at the
rate of 3 ft/min. When the foot of the ladder is 7 ft from the wall, find a)
how fast the top of the ladder is moving down the wall? b) How fast the
angle of elevation of the ladder is decreasing?
Two people on bikes are at the same place. One of the bikers starts
riding directly north at a rate of 8 m/sec. Five seconds after the first
biker started riding north the second starts to ride directly east at a
rate of 5 m/sec. At what rate is the distance between the two riders
increasing 20 seconds after the second person started riding?
(10 pts/ea) Differentials: Determine the differential of the
following:
f x x 2 sec x

w ex

x2 4 x

h z ln 2 z sin 2 z
y

4.

3x 2
x3 1

y 3 2 xy 3
5.

3 x 2 6 xy 3 y 2 2 x 2 y 1 0
6.
V.
(20 pts/ea) Approximation
1. The sides of a cube are found to be 6 feet in length with a possible
error of no more than 1.5 inches. What is the maximum possible error
in the volume of the cube if we use this value of the length of the side
to compute the volume?

2. The altitude of a right circular cone is equal to the radius of the base
and is measured as 5 in with a possible error of 0.02 in. Find the
greatest possible error in the computed value of the volume and the %
error.
3. The intensity of the illumination, I, on an object at distance x from a
k
I 2
x
light source is
, where k is a constant. If an object is 200 ft from a
light source, how much should the distance be change to increase the
illumination by 1%?
4. The diameter and height of a right circular cylinder are measured to be
5 in and 8 in, respectively. If each of these dimensions maybe in error
by 0.10 in. Fin d the greatest possible %error in the volume of the
cylinder.
5. The diameter of a circle is to be measured and its area computed. If
the diameter can be measured with a maximum error of 0.001 in and
the area must be accurate to within 0.1 in3. Find the largest diameter
for which the process can be used.
TOTAL = 460 pts

Answers
I.
Tangent Line and Normal Lines to a Curve
x 2y 3 0
2x y 4 0
1. TL:
NL:
2x y 1 0
x 2y 2 0
2. TL:
NL:
9 x 8 y 26 0
9 x 8 y 26 0
3. TL1:
TL2:
2x y 1 0
2x y 1 0
4. NL1:
NL2:
2,13 & 2, 3
1, 6 & 1, 4
5. a.
b.
II.

Rate of Change
A
in 2
A
in 2
8.6
8.3
s
in
s
in
1. a)
b)

c)

A
in 2
8 .1
s
in

d)

dA
in 2
8
ds
in

dr
dn 1
r
4

2. a)
dV
ft 3
4h
dr
ft
3.
III.

1.

1.

3.

4.

Relative Rates
dy
ft
1.75
dt
min

4. a)
IV.

b)

dy
7 ft

dt
8 min

dr
dn 1
r
100

b)

2.

sin 2 z

dh
2 ln 2 z cos 2 z dz
z

2y
dx
2
3y 2x

dh 5 ft

dt 24 min

5.

2.

Approximation
V 13.5 ft 3

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

dV 0.5 in 3 % Error 1.2%

dx 1 ft
% Error 5.25%
d 64 in

4
3 x 12 x

dy
4.

dy dx
6.

dx
2 x 3 1 3

V.

3.
dz 21 5 m

dt
5 sec

dw 4 x 3 2 x 4 e x

dy
5.

5.

dz 25 ft

dt
3 sec

d
1 rad

dt
8 min

Differentials
df 2 x sec x tan x dx

dA
unit 2
22.5
dblonger
unit

dV
in 3
40
dr
in

x2 4 x

dx