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PHYS310
UNIVERSITY OF CANTERBURY
Write your answers in this booklet. Use the back of the pages if more space is required. Spare
pages are available.
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PHYS310
2
INFORMATION PROVIDED FOR MID-COURSE TEST
=
=
=
=
temperature
volume
pressure
entropy
U
F
G
H
=
=
=
=
internal energy
Helmholtz free energy = U T S
Gibbs free energy = U T S + pV
enthalpy = U + pV
Clausius relations:
dU
dH
=
=
T dS pdV
T dS + V dp
dF
dG
=
=
pdV SdT
V dp SdT
C=
Q
T
A
y x
heat pump
Definition of entropy
dS =
dQrev
T
heat out
p = work
input
Tc
Th
The T dS equations
p
T dS = CV dT + T
dV
T V
V
T dS = Cp dT T
dp
T p
T
T
T dS = CV
dp + Cp
dV
p V
V p
B
x y
CV = 32 nR,
V
T p
PHYS310
1. A 200 g cube of copper (Cu) initially at 300 C is dropped into 1.0 kg of water at 20 C.
(a) Calculate the final equilibrium temperature assuming there is no heat exchange with
the surroundings.
(b) Calculate the entropy change of the universe from this process.
Information given:
cp (water) = 4190 J kg1 K1
cp (Cu) = 390 J kg1 K1
[15 marks]
ANSWER
(a) Write common final temperature of the copper and water as Tf . Then since there is no
heat from the surroundings we can balance up a heat equation using the specific heat
capacities:
0 = mCu cCu (Tf TCu ) + mw cw (Tf Tw )
mCu cCu TCu + mw cw Tw
Tf =
mCu cCu + mw cw
(0.2)(390)(573) + (1.0)(4190)(293)
=
(0.2)(390) + (1.0)(4190)
= 298 K
COMMENT: You cannot do a simple ratio of masses BECAUSE THEY ARE NOT
THE SAME MATERIAL!! This was a good question to catch out those who just
followed the example without thinking.
(b) From the second T dS equation the change in entropy for a constant pressure process
like this is
Tf
S = mcp ln
Ti
Then the entropy change for the universe from this mixing is given by
Suni = SCu + Sw
298
298
= (0.2)(390) ln
+ (1.0)(4190) ln
573
293
= 20 J K1
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PHYS310
2. A mole of a monatomic ideal gas is compressed isothermally from point A to B and then
adiabatically from point B to C. The (p, T ) coordinates of these points are:
(A) pA = 1 105 Pa TA = 400 K
(B) pB = 2 105 Pa TB = 400 K
(C) pC = 3 105 Pa TC = ? K.
b
isothermal
adiabatic
pC
TC
TC
TC
TC
= pB VB
= pB (nRTB /pB )
(1)
= pB TB
(1)/
pB
=
TB
pC
1 5/3
=
= 0.4
5/3
0.4
2
=
400
3
= 470 K
PHYS310
= 873 J
(d)
Z B
nRT
VB
pdV =
, isothermal
dV = nRTA ln
V
VA
A
A
pA
= nRTA ln
,
since
pV = nRT
pB
= (8.31)(400) ln(1/2)
WAB =
= 2304 J
= U Q = UBC ,
WBC
since adiabatic
= 873 J,
Therefore
dQ
T
SAB =
A
dQ
1
=
T
T
Therefore
SAB =
QAB
2304
=
= 576 J K1
T
400
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