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Leaching PDF
Leaching PDF
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Rates of Leaching
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saturated
condition
N
kg A + kg C kg solution
For the overflow, N = 0, for the underflow, N depends
on the solute concentration in the liquid.
The
compositions of solute A in the liquid as weight
fractions are
kg A
kg solute
xA
(overflow liquid)
kg A + kg C kg solution
kg A
kg solute
yA
(liquid in slurry)
kg A + kg C kg solution
For the entering solid feed to be leached, N is kg inert
solid/kg solute A and yA = 1.0. For pure entering
solvent N = 0 and xA = 0.
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Single-Stage Leaching
The following figure shows a single-stage leaching
process where V is kg/h of overflow solution with
composition xA and L is the kg/h of liquid in the slurry
solution with composition yA based on a given flow rate
B kg/h of dry solute-free solid.
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xn 1
1
Vx L y
yn 1 1 0 0
1 V1 L0 / Ln
Ln V1 L0
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ln
ln
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0.0005 0.001
ln
0.0117 0.05
1
0.0005 0.0117
ln
0.001 0.05
The total number of ideal stages is N = 1+3 = 4.
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L0 VN 1 LN V1 M
L0 y A0 VN 1x A, N 1 Ln y A, N V1x A1 Mx AM
B L0N0 LN N N MN M
L0 V2 L1 V1
Ln 1 Vn 1 Ln Vn
L0 V1 L1 V2 ... Ln Vn 1 LN VN 1
B L0 N 0 = ... LN N N N
Hence,
xA
L0 V1
L N VN 1
L N
B
0 0
L0 V1 L0 V1
This point can also be located graphically as
the intersection of lines L0V1 and LNVN+1.
N
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16.67
y AN A / ( A C) N A N
60
A dashed line is plotted through the origin (0,0) with a
slope of 16.67, which intersects the N vs yA line at LN.
The coordinates of LN are read from the graph as
yAN = 0.118,
NN = 1.95
A
60
508 kg / h
So L N N
y AN 0.118
From the solution balance
V1 L 0 VN 1 L N =425 + 665 - 508 =582 kg/h
From the solute (A) balance
x A1 L0 y A0 VN 1xN 1 LN y AN /V1
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= (425x0.941+665x0.015-508x0.118)/582
= 0.60
Another method to locate V1 is to determine the M
point first.
MNM B 1000
NM = 0.918
By extending the line LN(yAN, NN) M(xAM, NM) to
intersect N = 0 at V1(xA1, 0), we obtain xA1 = 0.60.
The operating point is obtained as the intersection of
lines L0V1 and LNVN+1 in the above figure. The stages
are stepped off as shown. The fourth stage L4 is
slightly past the desired LN. About 3.9 stages are
required.
Vn 1 Ln V1 L0
L
Vx L y
xn 1 n yn 1 1 0 0
Vn 1
Vn 1
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(0.5)
0.323
729
729
The points (y0, x1), (yn, xn+1), and (yN, xN+1) define a
slightly curved operating line. By the McCabe-Thiele
method, slightly more than 4 stages are required.
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