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Multiple Choice Questions
Multiple Choice Questions
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Power Electronics
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2.23 The average on-state current for an SCR is 20 A for a resistive load. If an inductance of 5 mH is included in the load, then average on-state current would be
(a) more than 20 A
(b) less than 20 A
(c) 15 A
(d) 20 A
2.24 In a thyristor, anode current is made up of
(a) electrons only
(b) electrons or holes
(c) electron and holes
(d) none of these
2.25 When a thyristor gets turned ON, the gate drive
(a) should not be removed as it will turn-off the SCR
(b) may or may not be removed
(c) should be removed
(d) should be removed in order to avoid increased losses and higher junction
temperature
2.26 The forward voltage drop during SCR-on state is 1.5 V. This voltage drop
(a) remains constant and its independent of load current
(b) increases lightly with load current
(c) decreases slightly with load current
(d) varies linearly with load current
2.27 A thyristor can be termed as
(a) dc switch
(b) AC switch
(c) both A or B are correct
(d) square-wave switch
2.28 On-state voltage drop across a thyristor used in a 250 V supply system is of the
order of
(a) 100-110 V
(b) 240-250 V
(c) 1-1.5 V
(d) None of these
2.29 In a thyristor, ratio of latching current to holding current is
(a) 0.4
(b) 1.0
(c) 2.5
(d) None of these
2.30 Gate characteristics of a thyristor
(a) is a straight line passing through the origin
(b) is of the type, V V = a + b. IV
(c) is a curve between V g and Ig
(d) has a spread between two curves of V g = Ig.
2.31 In an SCR, anode current flows over a narrow region near the gate during
(a) delay time d
(b) rise time tr and spread time tp
(c) td and tp
(d) td and tr
2.32 Turn-on time for an SCR is 10 msec. If an inductance is inserted in the anode
circuit, then the turn-on time will be
(a) 10 msec
(b) less than 10 msec
(c) more than 10 msec
(d) about 10 msec
2.33 Turn-off time of an SCR is measured from the instant
(a) anode current becomes zero
(b) anode voltage becomes zero
(c) anode current and anode voltage become zero at the same time
(d) gate current becomes zero.
2.34 A forward voltage can be applied to an SCR after its
(a) anode current reduces to zero
(b) gate recovery time
(c) reverse recovery time
(d) anode voltage reduces to zero
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Power Electronics
2.35 For an SCR, with turn-on time of 5 msec, an ideal trigger pulse should have
(a) short rise time with pulse width = 3 msec.
(b) long rise time with pulse width = 6 msec.
(c) short rise time with pulse width = 6 msec.
(d) long rise time with pulse-width = 3 msec.
2.36 Turn-on time of an SCR in series with R L circuit can be reduced by
(a) increasing circuit resistance R
(b) decreasing R
(c) increasing circuit inductance
(d) decreasing L
2.37 Turn-on time of an SCR can be reduced by using a
(a) rectangular pulse of high amplitude and narrow width
(b) rectangular pulse of low amplitude and wide width
(c) triangular pulse
(d) trapezoidal pulse
2.38 Specification sheet for an SCR gives its maximum rms-on-state current as 35 A.
This rms rating for a conduction angle of 120 would be
(a) more than 35 A
(b) less than 35 A
(c) 35 A
(d) None of these
2.39 Surge current rating of an SCR specifies the maximum
(a) repetitive current with sine wave
(b) non-repetitive
current
with
rectangular wave
(c) non-repetitive current with sine wave
(d) repetitive current with rectangular
wave
2.40 In the circuit given below, the function of
the transistor is
(a) to provide control signal to trigger
SCR
(b) to make SCR-ON
(c) to make SCR-OFF
(d) to amplify anode-current
2.41 In a thyristor, the magnitude of the anode-current will
(a) increase if gate-current is increased
(b) decrease if gate current is decreased
(c) increase if gate-current is decreased
(d) not change with any variation in gate current
2.42 An SCR does not conduct for a certain value of load resistance. In order to make
it ON, it is necessary to
(a) decrease the load resistance
(b) increase the resistance
(c) increase the gate-pulse
(d) none of these
2.43 Most SCRs can be turned-off by voltage reversal during negative half-cycle of
the ac supply for
(a) all frequencies
(b) frequencies upto 300 Hz
(c) frequencies upto 30 kHz
(d) frequencies upto 300 kHz
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2.44 In circuit given below, in order to make a conducting SCR off, it is necessary to
(a) make other SCR-off
(b) make other SCR-ON
(c) reverse the polarity of the applied voltage
(d) remove the gate-current of conducting SCR
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3.7
3.8
3.9
3.10
3.11
3.12
3.13
3.14
Power Electronics
A PUT relaxation oscillator has values V B B = 15 V, R = 22 kW, R 2 = 6 kW, IP = 100
mA, V V = 1 V, IV = 7 mA, C = 1 mF, R K = 100 kW, R3 = 12 kW. The value of V P will
be
(a) 0.7 V
(b) 10 V
(c) 10.7 V
(d) 15 V
In Q.3.7, the value of R max will be
(a) 2 kW
(b) 2.2 kW
(c) 14 kW
(d) 43 kW
In Q.3.7, the value of R min will be
(a) 2 kW
(b) 2.2 kW
(c) 14 kW
(d) 43 kW
The frequency of oscillation in Q.3.7 will be
(a) 36.4 Hz
(b) 40.7 Hz
(c) 50 Hz
(c) 60 Hz
In a UJT, intrinsic stand off ratio h is typically
(a) 0.2
(b) 0.4
(c) 0.7
(d) 0.99
When a UJT is used for triggering of an SCR, the waveshape of the voltage is a
(a) Sine Wave
(b) Saw-tooth wave
(c) Trapezoidal wave
(d) Square wave
Optocouplers combine
(a) SITs and BJTs
(b) IGBTs and MOSFETs
(c) Power transformer and silicon transistors
(d) Infrared light-emitting diode and silicon phototransistor
In a UJT, maximum value of charging resistance is associated with
(a) Peak Point
(b) valley point
(c) any point between peak & valley point
(d) after the valley point
4.2
4.3
4.4
Equalising circuits are provided across each SCR in series operation to provide uniform
(a) current distribution
(b) voltage distribution
(c) firing of SCRs
(d) all of the above
In series connected thyristors
(a) L is used for tuning out junction capacitance
(b) L&C is used for filtering out the ripple
(c) R, C is called a snubber circuit
(d) L is intended to increase di/dt at switch on
Two identical SCRs are placed back-to-back in series with a load. If each is fired
at 90, a dc voltmeter across the load will read
(a) zero
(b) 2/p peak voltage
(c) 1/p peak voltage
(c) 4/p peak voltage
In order to obtain static voltage equalisation in series connected SCRs,
connections are made of
(a) one reactor against the string
(b) resistors of different values across each SCR
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5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
5.10
5.11
5.12
5.13
5.14
5.15
Power Electronics
(c) T 2 is negative and there is the current pulse out of the gate
(d) Either T 1 or T 2 is positive and there a current pulse out of the gate
As compared to UJT, SUS
(a) triggers only in one direction
(b) does not have negative resistance characteristics
(c) needs definate polarity of the applied voltage
(d) triggers only at one particular voltage
In its application, an SUS behaves in the same way as
(a) UJT
(b) SCR
(c) tunnel diode
(d) none of these
Which of the following PNPN devices has two gates?
(a) Triac
(b) SCS
(c) SUS
(d) Diac
Which of the following PNPN devices has a terminal for synchronising
purpose?
(a) SCS
(b) Triac
(c) Diac
(d) SUS
Which of the following devices is a three layer device?
(a) SCS
(b) SUS
(c) Triac
(d) Diac
Which of the following methods will turn SCS off?
(a) Applying negative pulse to the anode
(b) Applying a positive pulse to the anode gate
(c) Applying negative pulse to the cathode gate
(d) All of these
Which of the following PNPN devices does not have a gate terminal?
(a) triac
(b) SCS
(c) SUS
(d) Complementary SCR
In a GTO, anode current begins to fall when gate current
(a) is negative peak at time t = 0
(b) is negative peak at time t = storage time ts
(c) just begins to become negative at t = 0
(d) none of these
The device which cannot be triggered by voltage of either polarity is
(a) Diac
(b) Triac
(c) Schottkey diode
(d) SUS
A triac and SCR are compared
(a) Both are unidirectional devices
(b) Triac requires more current for turn-on than SCR at a particular voltage
(c) Triac has less time for turn-off than SCR
(d) Both are available with comparable voltage and current ratings
The uncontrolled electronic switch employed in power-electronic converters is
(a) thyristor
(b) bipolar junction transistor
(c) diode
(d) MOSFET
Which semiconductor power device out of the following is not a current triggered device?
(a) Thyristor
(b) GTO
(c) Triac
(d) MOSFET
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5.18
5.19
5.20
5.21
5.22
5.23
5.24
5.25
5.26
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Power Electronics
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6.3
6.4
A single phase one-pulse controlled circuit has resistance and counter emf
load and 400 sin 314 t volt as the source voltage. For a load counter emf of
200 V, the range of firing angle control is
(a) 30 to 150
(b) 60 to 180
(c) 60 to 120 (d) 30 to 180
A single phase full-wave mid-point thyristor converter uses a 230/200 V
transformer with centre tap on the secondary side. The P.I.V. per thyristor is
(a) 100 V
(b) 141.4 V
(c) 200 V
(d) 282.8 V
In a single phase full converter bridge the output voltage is given by
(a)
1
p
1
(c)
p
6.5
(c)
6.7
6.8
6.9
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
V m cos q dq
(b)
a + (p / 2)
V m cos q dq
a - (p / 2)
1
p
p +a
V m cos q dq
1
(d)
2p
a + (p / 2)
V m cos q dq
a - (p / 2)
6.6
p +a
1
p
1
p
V m cos q dq
(b)
a + (p / 2)
a - (p / 2)
V m cos q dq
(d)
1
p
1
p
(p / 2) + a
V m cos q dq
(p / 2) - a
p
V m cos q dq
a - (p / 2)
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Power Electronics
6.14 In a single-phase full converter, if output voltage has peak and average values
of 325 V and 133 V respectively, then the firing angle is
(a) 40
(b) 50
(c) 70
(d) 130
6.15 A converter which can operate in both 3-phase and 6-phase modes is a
(a) 6-phase semiconverter
(b) 6-phase full-converter
(c) 3-phase semiconverter
(d) 3-phase full-converter
6.16 In a 3-phase semiconverter, for firing angle less than or equal to 60, freewheeling diode conducts for
(a) 30
(b) 60
(c) 90
(d) 0
6.17 In a 3-phase semiconverter, for firing angle equal to 120 and extinction angle
equal to 110, freewheeling diode conducts for
(a) 10
(b) 30
(c) 50
(d) 70
6.18 In a three-phase semiconverter, the three-SCRs are triggered at intervals of
(a) 60
(b) 90
(c) 120
(d) 150
6.19 In a three-phase full converter, the six SCRs are fired at intervals of
(a) 30
(b) 60
(c) 90
(d) 120
6.20 The frequency of the ripple in the output voltage of a 3-phase semiconverter
depends upon
(a) firing angle and load resistance
(b) firing angle and supply frequency
(c) firing angle and load inductance
(d) only on load circuit parameters
6.21 In a 3-phase full-converter, if the load-current is I and ripple-free, then the
average thyristor current is
(a) I/2
(b) I/3
(c) I/4
(d) I/5
6.22 In a single-phase full-converter, if the load current is I and ripple-free, then the
average thyristor current is
(a) I/2
(b) I/3
(c) I/4
(d) I/5
6.23 In a single-phase full-converter, the number of SCRs conducting during overlap
is
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 3
(d) 4
6.24 In a 3-phase full-converter, the output voltage is at a frequency equal to
(a) supply frequency f
(b) 2f
(c) 3f
(d) 6f
6.25 Which of the following 3-phase ac to dc converter requires neutral point
connection?
(a) 3-phase semiconductor
(b) 3-phase full-converter
(c) 3-phase halfwave converter
(d) 3-phase converter with diodes
6.26 The frequency of ripple in the output voltage of a three-phase half controlled
bridge rectifier depends on the
(a) firing angle
(b) load inductance
(c) load resistance
(d) supply frequency
6.27 A half-wave SCR controlled circuit with RL 50 W conducts for 90 for an applied
voltage of 800 V sinusoidal rms. If the SCR voltage drop is negligible, the
power dissipated by the load is
(a) 1800 W
(b) 81 W
(c) 52.36 W
(d) 0 W
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(a) 1
(b) 0.5
(c)
(a) 50 A
(b) 100 A
(c)
167
150 2
3
(d)
150
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Power Electronics
6.38 A six pulse thyristor rectifier bridge is connected to a balanced 50 Hz threephase ac source. Assuming that the dc output current of the rectifier is constant,
the lowest harmonic component in the ac source line current is
(G 2002)
(a) 100 H
(b) 150 Hz
(c) 250 Hz
(d) 300 Hz
6.39 A converter which can operate in both 3-pulse and 6-pulse modes is
(a) 1-phase full converter
(b) 3-phase half wave converter
(c) 3-phase semiconverter
(d) 3-phase full converter
6.40 In a three-phase full-converter, the output voltage during overlap is equal to
(a) zero
(b) source voltage
(c) source voltage minus inductance drop
(d) average value of conducting phase voltages.
6.41 The effect of the source inductance on the performance of the single-phase
and three-phase full-converters is to
(a) reduce the ripples in the load current
(b) make discontinuous current as continuous
(c) reduce the output voltage
(d) increase the load voltage
6.42 In the circuit shown in Fig. MCQ. 6.42, L is large and the average value of i is
100 A. The thyristor is gated in the
half cycle of e at a delay angle a
equal to
(G 92)
Explanation:
Iav =
100 =
Em
[1 + cos a)]
2p R
2 (200)
[1 + cos a]
2 p (0.01)
\
a = 167.9
The maximum conduction angle is p since freewheeling diode is available.
Therefore, SCR is gated in the positive half cycle of e at a delay angle a equal
to 168.
6.43 Referring to the Fig. MCQ. 6.43, the type of the load is (a) inductive load (b)
resistive load (c) dc motor (d) capacitive load.
(G 94)
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Chapter 8: Choppers
8.1 In dc choppers, if T on is the on-period and f is the chopping frequency, then
output voltage in terms of the input voltage V s is given by
(a) V s T on/f
(b) V s f/T on
(c) V s/(f/Ton)
(d) V s f, T on
8.2 In dc choppers, the waveforms for input and output voltages are respectively
(a) discontinuous, continuous
(b) continuous, discontinuous
(c) both continuous
(d) both discontinuous
8.3 In dc choppers, per unit ripple is maximum when duty cycle a is
(a) 0.2
(b) 0.5
(c) 0.7
(d) 0.8
8.4 A step-up chopper has V s as the source voltage and a as the duty cycle. The
output voltage for this chopper is given by
(a) V s (1 + a)
(b) V s /(1 a)
(c) V s (1 a)
(d) V s /(1 + a)
8.5 In dc choppers, if T is the chopping period, then the output voltage can be
controlled by PWM by varying
(a) T keeping T on constant
(b) T on, keeping T constant
(c) T keeping T off constant
(d) T off keeping T constant
8.6 In dc choppers, for periodic time T, the output voltage can be controlled by FM
by varying
(a) T keeping T on constant
(b) T on keeping T constant
(c) T off keeping T constant
(d) T keeping T off constant
8.7 For type A chopper, V s is the source voltage, R is the load resistance and a is
the duty cycle. Average output voltage of this chopper is
(a) a V s
(b) (1 a) V s
(c) V s /a
(d) V s /(1 a)
8.8 If the chopper frequency is 200 Hz and ton time is 2 ms, the duty cycle is
(a) 0.4
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8.9
8.10
8.11
8.12
8.13
8.14
8.15
Power Electronics
Chopper control for DC motor provides variation in
(a) input voltage
(b) frequency
(c) both (a) and (b) above
(d) none of the above
In a thyristor dc chopper, which type of commutation results in best
performance?
(a) voltage commutation
(b) current commutation
(c) load commutation
(d) supply commutation
A dc to dc transistor chopper supplied from a fixed voltage dc source feeds a
fixed-resistive-inductive load and a free-wheeling diode. The chopper operates
at 1 kHz and 50% duty cycle. Without changing the value of the average dc
current through the load, if it is desired to reduce the ripple content of load
current, the control action needed will
(a) increase the chopper frequency keeping the duty cycle constant
(b) increase the chopper frequency and duty cycle in equal ratio
(c) decrease only the chopper frequency
(d) decrease only the duty cycle
A voltage commutated chopper has the following parameters: V s = 200 V, load
circuit parameter 1 W, 2 mH, 5 V commutation circuit parameter: L = 25 mH,
C = 50 mF. For constant load current at 100 A, the effective on-period and peak
current through the main thyristor are respectively:
(a) 1000 ms, 200 A
(b) 700 ms, 382.8 A
(c) 700 s, 282.8 A
(d) 1000 ms, 382.8 A
In a type-A chopper, source voltage is 100 V, d.c. on-period = 100 ms, off-period
= 150 ms and load RLE consists of R = 2 W, L = 5 mH, E = 10 V. For continuous
conduction average output voltage and average output current for this chopper
are respectively:
(a) 40 V, 15 A
(b) 66.66 V, 28.33 A
(c) 60 V, 25 A
(d) 40 V, 20 A
Refer the circuit shown in Fig. 8.53 the maximum current in the main SCR can be
(given Io = 70.7)
(a) 200 A
(b) 170.7 A
(c) 141.4 A
(d) 70.7 A
A chopper operating at a fixed frequency is feeding an RL load. As the duty
ratio of this chopper is increased from 25% to 75%, the ripple in the load current
(a) remains constant
(b) decreases, reaches a minimum and 50% duty ratio and then increases
(c) increases, reaches a maximum at 50% duty ratio and then decreases
(d) keeps on increasing as duty ratio is increased.
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(a) D = 1 V s /V 0
(b) D = 2L/R T
2L
R -T
(d) R =
RL
L
8.19 In PWM method of controlling the average output voltage in a chopper the ontime is varied but the chopping frequency is
(a) varied
(b) kept constant
(c) either of these
(d) none of these
8.20 A load commutated chopper, fed from 200 V dc source, has a constant load
current of 50 A. For a duty cycle of 0.4 and a chopping frequency of 2 kHz, the
value of commutating capacitor and the turn-off time for one thyristor pair are
respectively
(c) D = 1
(a) 25 mF, 50 ms
(c) 25 m F, 25 ms
(b) 50 m F, 50 ms
(d) 50 m F, 25 ms
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Power Electronics
Chapter 9: Inverters
9.1 A single phase voltage-source-square wave inverter feeds pure inductive load.
The waveform of the load current will be
(a) sinusoidal
(b) rectangular
(c) trapezoidal (d) triangular
9.2 Inverter gain is given by the ratio
dc ouput voltage
ac o/p voltage
(a)
(b)
ac input voltage
ac input voltage
dc o/p voltage
ac o/p voltage
(c)
(d)
ac I/P voltage
dc I/P voltage
9.3 A PWM switching scheme is used with a three phase inverter to
(a) reduce the total harmonic distortion with modest filtering
(b) minimize the load on DC side
(c) increase the life of the batteries
(d) reduce low order harmonics and increase high order harmonics
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9.4 Figure P.9.4(a) shows an inverter circuit with a dc source voltage V s. The
semiconductor switches of the inverter are operated in such a manner that the
pole voltages V10 and V20 are shown in Fig. P.9.4(b). What is the rms value of
the pole-to-pole voltage V12?
(a)
Vs f
p 2
(b) Vs
f
p
(c) Vs
f
2p
(d)
Vs
p
Fig. P.9.4
Fig. P.9.5
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9.6
9.7
9.8
Power Electronics
A three-phase voltage source inverter supplies a purely inductive three-phaseload. Upon fourier analysis, the output voltage waveform is found to have an hth order harmonic of magnitude a h times that of the fundamental frequency
component (ah < 1). The load current then would have an h-th order harmonic
of magnitude
(a) zero
(b) ah times the fundamental frequency component
(c) h ah times the fundamental frequency component
(d) ah/h times the fundamental frequency component
Consider the following statements:
The diodes in a voltage source inverter (McMurray Inverter) should be able to:
1. Withstand a large voltage in the reverse direction
2. Carry the commutating current excess of load current
3. Provide the required reverse-bias to the outgoing thyristor
4. Feedback the reactive current to the source.
Of these statements:
(a) 1, 2 and 3 are correct
(b) 1, 3 and 4 are correct
(c) 2, 3, and 4 are correct
(d) 1, 2 and 4 are correct
In the inverter circuit shown in Fig. P 9.8, if the SCRs are fired at delayed angles,
the frequency of the output waveform will
(a) increase
(b) remain the same
(c) decrease
(d) depend upon which SCR is fired first
Fig. P.9.8
9.9
In the above circuit, if SCR1 is ON and then SCR1 is fired, the anode voltage of
SCR1 will become nearly equal to
(b) V dc
(c) 12 V
(d) zero
(a) + V dc
9.10 In the above circuit, if SCR1 is ON the capacitor C will
(a) charge with terminal 2 as positive
(b) charge with terminal 1 as positive
(c) not charge at all unless SCR2 is also turned ON
(d) make SCR2 ON.
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Fig. P.9.12
9.13 In Fig. P.9.12 the switching frequency of firing the six SCRs should be
(a) same as the desired O/P frequency
(b) three times the O/P frequency
(c) five times the O/P frequency
(d) ten times the O/P frequency
9.14 In Fig. P.9.12, the number of SCRs conducting at a time in one cycle is
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 3
(d) 5
9.15 If, for a single phase half-bridge inverter, the amplitude of output voltage is Vs
and the output power is p, then their corresponding values for a single-phase
full bridge inverter are
(a) V s p
(b) V s /2, p/2
(c) 2V s, 2p
(d) None of these
9.16 In voltage source inverters
(a) load voltage waveform V 0 depends on load impedance Z, whereas load
current waveform i0 does not depend on Z
(b) both V 0 and i0 depend on Z
(c) V 0 does not depend on Z whereas i0 depends on Z
(d) none of these
9.17 A single phase full-bridge inverter can operate in load commutation mode in
case load consists of
(a) RLC overdamped
(b) RLC underdamped
(c) RLC critically damped
(d) None of these
9.18 A single phase bridge inverter delivers power to series connected RLC load
with R = 2 ohm, wL = 8 ohm. For this inverter load combination, load commutation
is possible in case the magnitude of 1/WC in ohms is
(a) 10
(b) 8
(c) 6
(d) zero
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Power Electronics
9.19 The single pulse modulation of PWM inverters, third harmonic can be eliminated
if pulse width is equal to
(a) 30
(b) 60
(c) 120
(d) None of these
9.20 In single-pulse modulation of PWM inverters fifth harmonic can be eliminated
if pulse-width is equal to
(a) 30
(b) 72
(c) 36
(d) 108
9.21 In single-pulse modulation of PWM inverters, the pulse width is 120. For an
input voltage of 220 V dc, the rms value of the output voltage is
(a) 179.63 V
(b) 254.04 V
(c) 127.02 V
(d) None of these
9.22 A voltage source inverter is normally employed when
(a) source inductance is large and load inductance is small
(b) source inductance is small and load inductance is small
(c) both source and load inductance are small
(d) both source and load inductances are large
9.23 In resonant pulse inverters
(a) dc output voltage variation is wide
(b) the frequency is low
(c) output voltage is never sinusoidal
(d) dc saturation of transformer core is minimised
9.24 In multiple-pulse modulation used in PWM inverters, the amplitudes of reference
square-wave and triangular carrier wave are respectively 1 V and 2 V. For
generating 5 pulses per half-cycle, the pulse width should be
(a) 36
(b) 24
(c) 18
(d) 12
9.25 In sinusoidal-pulse modulation, used in PWM inverters amplitude and frequency
for triangular carrier and sinusoidal reference signals are respectively 5 V, 1 kHz
and 1 V, 50 Hz. If zeros of the triangular carrier and reference sinusoid coincide,
then the modulation index and order of significant harmonics are respectively
(a) 0.2, 9 and 11
(b) 0.4, 9 and 11
(c) 0.2, 17, and 19
(d) None of these
9.26 Which of the following statements is correct in connection with inverters
(a) voltage source inverter and current source inverter, both require feedback
diode
(b) only current source inverter requires feedback diodes
(c) GTOs can be used in current source inverter
(d) only VSI requires feedback diodes
9.27 In a constant source inverter, if frequency of output voltage is f Hz, then frequency
of voltage input to constant source inverter is
(a) f
(b) 2f
(c) 3f
(d) 4f
9.28 In an inverter with fundamental output frequency of 50 Hz, if third harmonic is
eliminated, then frequencies of other components in the output voltage wave,
in Hz, would be
(a) 250, 350, 500, high frequencies
(b) 50, 250, 350, 500
(c) 50, 50, 350, 550
(d) None of these
9.29 A single-phase CSI has capacitor C as the load. For the constant source current,
the voltage across the capacitor is
(a) square-wave
(b) triangular wave
(c) step function
(d) none of these
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177
9.30 In sinusoidal PWM, there are m cycles of the triangular carrier wave in the
half-cycle of the reference sinusoidal signal. If zero of the reference sinusoid
coincides with zero/peak of the triangular carrier waves then number of pulses
generated in each half-cycle are respectively
(a) (m 1)/m
(b) (m 1)/(m 1) (c) m/m
(d) none of these
9.31 Triangular PWM control when applied to three-phase, BJT based voltage source
inverter, introduces
(a) low order harmonic voltages on dc side
(b) very high order harmonic voltages on dc side
(c) low order harmonic voltages on ac side
(d) very high order harmonic voltages on ac side
P
p
sin
V
p
P s(max)
p
p
cos
V s(max)
p
p
(b) V 0(max) =
2P
p
sin
V s(max)
p
p
(d) V 0(max) =
3p
3p
sin
V s(max)
p
p
10.6 For P-pulse cycloconverter, when the output voltage is reduced in magnitude
by firing delay a , then
(a) V 0(max) =
p
p
sin
V s(max) cos a
p
p
(c) V 0(max) =
2p
2p
2p
2p
sin
V s(max) cos a (d) V 0(max) =
cos
V s(max) sin a
p
p
p
p
177
(b) V 0(max) =
p
p
cos
V s(max) sin a
p
p
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178
Power Electronics
(b) 10 2 V
(c) 10
2 V
(d) 200 V
178
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179
179
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180
Power Electronics
180
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13.10
13.11
13.12
13.13
13.14
13.15
13.16
13.17
13.18
181
181
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182
Power Electronics
182
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183
(Vs tr + Eb to )
(tr + t f + to)
(d)
(Vs tr + Eb [t f + to ])
(t r + t f + t o )
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184
Power Electronics
14.16 The advantage of tachometer speed control method for dc motors is that, it
senses
(a) back emf
(b) armature current
(c) armature voltage
(d) speed
Fig. Q.15.7
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15.8
15.9
15.10
15.11
15.12
15.13
15.14
185
frequency
(c) frequency
16.2 Which of the following types of heating
steel?
(a) dielectric heating
(c) Induction heating
16.3 Uninterruptible supply is used in
(a) Computers
(c) Essential Instrumentation
185
(b)
1
frequency
(d) (frequency) 2
process is used for surface heating of
(b) Infra-red heating
(d) Resistance heating
(b) Communication links
(d) all of the above
9/27/07, 2:09 PM
186
16.4
16.5
16.6
16.7
16.8
16.9
16.10
16.11
16.12
16.13
16.14
16.15
Power Electronics
HVDC transmission is preferred to EHV AC because
(a) HVDC terminal equipment are inexpensive.
(b) VAR compensation is not required in HVDC systems.
(c) System stability can be improved.
(d) Harmonics problem is avoided.
A SMPS operating at 20 kHz to 100 kHz range uses as the main switching
elements.
(a) SCR
(b) MOSFET
(c) Transistor (d) SIT
The use of high-speed circuit breakers
(a) reduces the short circuit current (b) improves system stability
(c) decreases system stability
(d) increases the short circuit current.
Bulk power transmission over long HVDC lines are preferred, on account of
(a) low cost of HVDC terminals
(b) no harmonic problems
(c) minimum line power losses
(d) simple protection
In a DC transmission line
(a) It is necessary for the sending end and receiving end to be operated in
synchronism.
(b) The effect of inductive and capacitive reactances are greater than in an
AC transmission line of the same rating.
(c) There are no effects due to inductive and capacitive reactances.
(d) Power transfer capability is limited by stability considerations.
Static VAR compensators are used to control
(a) Only magnitude of the ac line current from the utility.
(b) Only phase of the ac line current from the utility.
(c) Both magnitude and phase of the ac line current from the utility.
(d) None of the above.
A metal bar is heated electronically by
(a) Emission heating
(b) Dielectric heating
(c) Induction heating
(d) Conductive heating.
A rod of mild steel kept inside a coil carrying high frequency currents gets
heated due to
(a) Dielectric heating
(b) Induction heating
(c) Both a & b
(d) None of these
If the frequency of current in copper is increased from 200 MHz to 800 MHz, the
skin depth of penetration would become
(a) Four times
(b) Equal to the radius of conductor
(c) Halved
(d) Two fold
A freshly painted layer may be dried electronically by
(a) Conduction heating
(b) Induction heating
(c) Dielectric heating
(d) None of these
If the capacitor is loss-free in dielectric heating, the heat produced will be
(a) Zero
(b) Infinity
(c) Proportional to value of capacitance
(d) Proportional to the frequency
Practically all the heating requirements can be met by an equipment of
(a) Coal
(b) Gas
(c) Oil
(d) Electric
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187
ANSWERS TO MCQS
Chapter-2
2.1
2.5
2.9
2.10
(a)
2.2 (d)
2.3 (c)
2.4 (d)
(c)
2.6 (b)
2.7 (d)
2.8 (d)
(b)
(c) Hint: The turn-off time is temperature dependent and doubles
between 25C and 125C.
2.11 (b)
2.12 (b)
2.13 (b)
2.14 (b, c)
2.15 (a)
2.16 (b, c)
2.17 (a)
1
= 0.4 ms = 400 ms
25 103
400
= 36.4 msec. SCR will turn-on if the pulse11
187
rms current
average current
2.20 (b, d)
2.21 (a)
9/27/07, 2:09 PM
188
Power Electronics
2.22 (c) Explanation: Iav = Im/Form factor
Form factor for 120 = 1.878 and form factor for 60 = 2.7781
\ Iav is less than 20 A.
2.23 (a)
2.24 (c)
2.25 (d)
2.26 (b)
2.27 (a)
2.28 (c)
2.29 (c)
2.30 (d)
2.31 (d)
2.32 (c)
2.33 (a)
2.34 (b)
2.35 (c)
2.36 (d)
2.37 (a)
2.38 (c)
2.39 (c)
2.40 (c)
2.41 (d)
2.42 (a)
2.43 (c)
2.44 (b)
2.45 (b)
2.46 (b)
Chapter-3
3.1
3.5
3.9
3.13
(a)
(c)
(a)
(d)
3.2
3.6
3.10
3.14
(b)
(c)
(a)
(a)
3.3 (a)
3.7 (c)
3.11 (c)
3.4 (a)
3.8 (d)
3.12 (b)
4.2 (c)
4.6 (b)
4.10 (a)
4.3 (a)
4.7 (d)
4.4 (c)
4.8 (a)
Chapter-4
4.1 (b)
4.5 (c)
4.9 (b)
Chapter-5
5.1
5.5
5.9
5.13
5.17
5.21
5.25
5.29
5.33
5.37
5.41
5.45
5.49
5.53
5.57
(b)
(a)
(d)
(b)
(a)
(c)
(a)
(d)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(a)
(b)
5.2
5.6
5.10
5.14
5.18
5.22
5.26
5.30
5.34
5.38
5.42
5.46
5.50
5.54
5.58
(a)
(b)
(c)
(c)
(a)
(d)
(c)
(c)
(c)
(c)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(b)
5.3
5.7
5.11
5.15
5.19
5.23
5.27
5.31
5.35
5.39
5.43
5.47
5.51
5.55
5.59
(c)
(d)
(b)
(d)
(c)
(b)
(b)
(a)
(c)
(a)
(b and a)
(b)
(c)
(b)
(b)
5.4
5.8
5.12
5.16
5.20
5.24
5.28
5.32
5.36
5.40
5.44
5.48
5.52
5.56
(d)
(d)
(d)
(c)
(c)
(c)
(c)
(d)
(a)
(c)
(b)
(c)
(c)
(a)
6.2
6.6
6.10
6.14
6.18
6.22
(a)
(b)
(d)
(b)
(c)
(c)
6.3
6.7
6.11
6.15
6.19
6.23
(d)
(b)
(d)
(c)
(c)
(d)
6.4
6.8
6.12
6.16
6.20
6.24
(a)
(a)
(a)
(d)
(b)
(d)
Chapter-6
6.1
6.5
6.9
6.13
6.17
6.21
(b)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(c)
(b)
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189
6.26 (d)
6.30 (a)
Explanation: Since
6.27 (d)
6.31 (a)
6.28 (c)
6.32 (a)
V t = 200 V, therefore
V0 =
3 2 Vph
p
= 233.91 V
6.34
6.35
6.39
6.41
6.43
3 2 200
3.1414
(c)
(a)
6.36 (b)
6.37 (d)
6.38 (c)
(c)
6.40 (d)
(c)
6.42 (positive, a = 167.9)
(c)
Explanation: The waveform V0 is typical of R-L load and hence d.c. motor.
For a pure inductive load, the energy stored in the inductor during off
period may extend the waveform upto the next triggering point.
6.44 (d)
Chapter-8
8.1 (a)
8.5 (b)
8.9 (a)
8.2 (b)
8.6 (a)
8.10 (a)
8.3 (c)
8.7 (a)
8.11 (a)
8.4 (b)
8.8 (a)
8.12 (b)
C / L = 100 + 200
50
= 382.8 A
25
= p LC
= 3.14 25 50 10 -12 = 700 ms
8.13 (a)
Ton
. Vs
T
T = 100 ms + 150 ms = 250 ms
Vo =
100
100 = 40 V
250
Io =
Vo - E
40 - 30
=
= 15 A
2
R
8.14 (b)
Solution: Ipeak
= Io + Vs C / L = 70.7 + 200
16
= 170.7 A
64
8.15 (a)
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190
Power Electronics
Solution: Load voltage Eo =
T
E Ton
= E on = E F T on
Ton + Toff
T
There are two ways to vary load voltage E0, either by changing f or T on.
Here frequency is fixed and T on is varied. As the frequency is kept constant,
ripple remains constant
8.16
8.20
8.24
8.28
(d)
(a)
(a)
(b)
8.17
8.21
8.25
8.29
(a)
(a)
(b)
(a)
8.18
8.22
8.26
8.30
(c)
(c)
(c)
(b)
8.19 (a)
8.23 (a)
8.27 (a)
9.2
9.6
9.10
9.14
9.18
9.22
9.26
9.30
(d)
(d)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(b)
(d)
(a)
9.3
9.7
9.11
9.15
9.19
9.23
9.27
9.31
(d)
(c)
(b)
(c)
(c)
(d)
(b)
(d)
9.4
9.8
9.12
9.16
9.20
9.24
9.28
Chapter-9
9.1
9.5
9.9
9.13
9.17
9.21
9.25
9.29
(d)
(d)
(b)
(c)
(b)
(a)
(c)
(b)
(b)
(c)
(b)
(c)
(b)
(c)
(c)
Chapter-10
10.1 (d)
10.5 (a)
10.2 (a)
10.6 (a)
10.3 (d)
10.7 (a)
10.4 (a)
11.2 (a)
11.3 (d)
11.4 (a)
Chapter-11
11.1 (b)
11.5 (d)
Chapter-12
12.1
12.5
12.9
12.13
(d)
(a)
(a)
(c)
12.2
12.6
12.10
12.14
(b)
(b)
(a)
(c)
12.3
12.7
12.11
12.15
(d)
(a)
(c)
(b)
12.4 (a)
12.8 (a)
12.12 (b)
Chapter-13
13.1 (d)
13.2 (d)
13.4 (a, c)
Hint =
13.3 (c)
E
di
= m A/sec
dt max L
13.5 (a)
13.6 (b)
13.7 (b)
13.8 (c)
13.9 (c)
13.10 AR, BP, CS, DQ
13.11 (d)
Explanation: Temp. of device body = T D = PD q D + T A
where qD = thermal resistance
190
9/27/07, 2:09 PM
191
TD - T A
, i.e. answer (d)
Pd
13.13 (a)
13.17 (a)
13.21 (c)
13.14 (a)
13.18 (b)
13.22 (c)
13.15 (a)
13.19 (d)
14.2
14.6
14.10
14.14
(a)
(b)
(c)
(a)
14.3
14.7
14.11
14.15
14.4
14.8
14.12
14.16
15.2
15.6
15.10
15.14
(c)
(b)
(b)
(c)
15.3 (b)
15.7 (a)
15.11 (b)
15.4 (a)
15.8 (b)
15.12 (a)
16.2
16.6
16.10
16.14
16.18
(c)
(c)
(c)
(a)
(d)
16.3
16.7
16.11
16.15
16.19
16.4
16.8
16.12
16.16
16.20
Chapter-14
14.1
14.5
14.9
14.13
(a)
(c)
(d)
(c)
(c)
(c)
(c)
(d)
(c)
(c)
(b)
(d)
Chapter-15
15.1
15.5
15.9
15.13
(a)
(d)
(a)
(a)
Chapter-16
16.1
16.5
16.9
16.13
16.17
(b)
(b)
(c)
(c)
(d)
191
(a)
(c)
(b)
(d)
(a)
(c)
(c)
(d)
(c)
(d)
9/27/07, 2:09 PM