Faradays Law of Electromagnetic induction is the process in which an electromotive force

(emf) is induced in a closed circuit due to changes in the magnetic field around the circuit.
Lenzs law states that the direction of the induced e.m.f. and hence the induced current in a
closed circuit is always such as to oppose the change in magnetic flux producing it.

Faradays experiments:

Faradays experiments

From the figure above:

No. 1: The north pole of a magnet is moved towards the coil. By Lenz law, the coil will
generate an e.m.f. such that a north pole is induced on the right side of the coil to oppose

the change. (Why north pole? To repel away the incoming north pole) From the right
hand grip rule, the current flow is as shown in the diagram.

No. 2: The north pole is moved away from the coil. By Lenz law, the coil will generate
an e.m.f. such that a south pole is induced on the right side of the coil to oppose the
change.

No. 3: The south pole is moved away from the coil. (Line of reasoning similar to above.
Drop a comment if you have problems.)

No. 4: The south pole is moved towards the coil. (Line of reasoning similar to above.
Drop a comment if you have problems.)

From this, we can conclude that emf is induced whenever the magnetic field lines are cut by
the coil. (A more proper terminology will be the change of magnetic flux in the coil induces an
emf in the coil)
You might say that there are electrical energy generated from thin air as shown in the
experiments. But there are no free lunches in the world (universe in this case). Mechanical
energy (from pushing/pulling of the magnet) is converted into electrical energy. This is how
cycling a bike with a dynamo converts your mechanical energy into electrical energy.

Flemings right hand rule:

Using Flemings right hand rule, you can predict

the direction of the induced current with the
knowledge of direction of magnetic field and
force.