Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Một tài liệu ngắn gọn giới thiệu về L TEX 2ε
Một tài liệu ngắn gọn giới thiệu về L TEX 2ε
ii
Bn quyn 2000-2005 thuc v Oetiker v nhng ngi ng gp cho ti liu
LShort. All rights reserved.
y l mt ti liu min ph. Bn hon ton c th phn phi li cho nhng
ngi s dng khc hoc c th chnh sa cho ph hp. Tuy nhin bn phi tun
theo nhng yu cu trong giy php bn quyn GNU (General Public License ca
Free Software Foundation; phin bn 2 hay cc phin bn khc theo kin ring
ca bn).
Ti liu ny c pht hnh vi hy vng rng n s tr nn hu ch, nhng
n KHNG KM THEO BT K S BO M NO, ngay c nhng
m bo ngm hiu v vic thng mi ho hay phi ph hp vi mt ch c th
no (vn ny bn c th tham kho giy php GNU General Public License
bit thm chi tit).
Thng thng, bn s nhn c mt bn sao ca giy php GNU General
Public License km theo ti liu ny; nu cha c, bn c th gi th n Free
Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. c mt
bn sao.
Cm n!
Phn ln ni dung ca ti liu ny c ly t bn gii thiu v LATEX 2.09
bng ting c ca:
Hubert Partl
<partl@mail.boku.ac.at>
Irene Hyna
<Irene.Hyna@bmwf.ac.at>
Bundesministerium f
ur Wissenschaft und Forschung Wien
Elisabeth Schlegl
<noemail>
in Graz
iv
Trong thi gian thc hin ti liu ny, ti tham vn kin ca mt s
ngi c chuyn mn v LATEX nhm tin comp.text.tex v nhn c
nhiu s hng ng v ng gp kin ca mi ngi. Chnh nh vo s
nhit tnh gip trong vic chnh sa li, a ra cc kin ngh cng
ti liu tham kho ca mi ngi ti mi c th hon tt ti liu ny. Ti
chn thnh cm n mi ngi. Tt c cc li trong ti liu ny l ca ti
!!! (ti l ngi son tho m). Nu bn tm thy mt t no vit sai li
chnh t th c l rng mt trong nhng ngi bn sau b xt n!
Rosemary Bailey, Marc Bevand, Friedemann Brauer, Jan Busa,
Markus Br
uhwiler, Pietro Braione, David Carlisle, Jos Carlos Santos,
Mike Chapman, Pierre Chardaire, Christopher Chin, Carl Cerecke,
Chris McCormack, Wim van Dam, Jan Dittberner, Michael John Downes,
Matthias Dreier, David Dureisseix, Elliot, Hans Ehrbar, Daniel Flipo,
David Frey, Hans Fugal, Robin Fairbairns, Jorg Fischer, Erik Frisk,
Mic Milic Frederickx, Frank, Kasper B. Graversen, Arlo Griffiths,
Alexandre Guimond, Cyril Goutte, Greg Gamble, Neil Hammond,
Rasmus Borup Hansen, Joseph Hilferty, Bjorn Hvittfeldt, Martien Hulsen,
Werner Icking, Jakob, Eric Jacoboni, Alan Jeffrey, Byron Jones, David Jones,
Johannes-Maria Kaltenbach, Michael Koundouros, Andrzej Kawalec, Alain Kessi,
Christian Kern, Jorg Knappen, Kjetil Kjernsmo, Maik Lehradt, Rmi Letot,
Johan Lundberg, Alexander Mai, Martin Maechler, Aleksandar S Milosevic,
Henrik Mitsch, Claus Malten, Kevin Van Maren, Lenimar Nunes de Andrade,
Demerson Andre Polli, Maksym Polyakov Hubert Partl, John Refling,
Mike Ressler, Brian Ripley, Young U. Ryu, Bernd Rosenlecher, Chris Rowley,
Risto Saarelma, Hanspeter Schmid, Craig Schlenter, Baron Schwartz,
Christopher Sawtell, Geoffrey Swindale, Boris Tobotras, Josef Tkadlec,
Scott Veirs, Didier Verna, Fabian Wernli, Carl-Gustav Werner,
David Woodhouse, Chris York, Fritz Zaucker, Rick Zaccone, and Mikhail Zotov.
Li m u
LATEX [1] l mt h thng son tho rt ph hp vi vic to ra cc ti liu
khoa hc v ton hc vi cht lng bn in rt cao. ng thi, n cng rt
ph hp vi cc cng vic son tho cc ti liu khc t th t cho n nhng
cun sch hon chnh. LATEX s dng TEX [2] lm b my nh dng.
Ti liu ngn gn ny s gii thiu v LATEX 2 v n s gii thiu hu ht
cc ng dng ca LATEX. Bn c th tham kho thm [1, 3] bit thm chi
tit v h thng LATEX.
Ti liu ny c chia lm 7 chng (6 chng c dch t ti liu gc v
1 chng hng dn s dng LATEX son tho ti liu ting Vit):
Chng 1 gii thiu cu trc c bn ca cc ti liu c son tho bng
LATEX 2 . Ngoi ra, chng ny cng gii thiu s lc v lch s pht
trin ca LATEX. Kt thc chng, bn s hiu c c ch lm vic
ca LATEX. y s l nn tng quan trng m t bn c th kt hp
vi cc kin thc cc chng sau c c mt ci nhn su hn v
LATEX.
Chng 2 i su vo vic son tho cc ti liu. Bn s c gii thiu
v nhng lnh c bn, ph bin cng vi nhng mi trng nh dng
trong LATEX. Sau khi kt thc chng, bn s c th t son tho mt
s kiu ti liu n gin.
Chng 3 hng dn cch son tho cc cng thc bng LATEX. Chng ti
s cung cp cho cc bn rt nhiu v d minh ho cch s dng sc
mnh ny ca LATEX. Chng ny s c kt thc bng mt bng lit
k tt c cc k hiu ton hc c h tr trong LATEX.
vi
Chng 4 ni v vic to ch mc, danh mc ti liu tham kho v thm
hnh nh dng EPS vo ti liu. Chng ny cng ni v vic to mt
ti liu dng PDF vi pdfLATEX, gii thiu mt s gi m rng hu
dng nh XY-pic, pdfscreen, . . . .
Chng 5 hng dn to cc tp tin hnh nh vi LATEX. Bn cnh vic s
dng cc cng c v hnh bn ngoi thit k hnh nh ri thm vo
ti liu, bn c th m t hnh nh v LATEX s trc tip v cho bn.
Chng 6 ni v nhng nguy him tm n ca vic thay i nh dng
chun ca LATEX. Bn s bit c nhng thay i khng nn lm v
n s khin cho LATEX xut ra ti liu kt qu khng p.
Chng 7 hng dn ci t v s dng gi VnTeX son tho ti liu
bng ting Vit vi LATEX.
Bn nn c ti liu theo th t cc chng bi v ti liu ny khng qu
di. Hy tm hiu tht k cc v d bi l chng cha ng rt nhiu thng
tin v s c s dng xuyn sut trong ton b ti liu.
LATEX c th c s dng gn nh trn mi h thng my tnh, mi h iu
hnh, t my PC, Mac n cc h thng my tnh ln nh UNIX v VMS.
Ti cc mng my tnh trong cc trng i hc, bn c th thy rng LATEX
c ci t sn. Thng tin hng dn cch thc truy cp v s dng
c cung cp trong phn Local Guide [4]. Nu bn gp kh khn trong vic
s dng th hy lin h vi ngi a cho bn quyn sch ny! Vic hng
dn ci t v cu hnh LATEX khng thuc vo phm vi gii thiu ngn gn
ca ti liu. y, chng ti ch tp trung gii thiu nhng kin thc c bn
son tho ti liu bng LATEX.
Nu bn c nhu cu lin quan n LATEX, hy tham kho thm ti liu
trang web ca Comprehensive TEX Archive Network (CTAN). Trang ch
c t ti http://www.ctan.org. Bn c th ti v tt c cc gi d
liu thng qua cc chng trnh FTP a ch ftp://www.ctan.org hay
rt nhiu a ch lin kt ph khc trn th gii nh ftp://ctan.tug.org
(US), ftp://ftp.dante.de (Germany), ftp://ftp.tex.ac.uk (UK). Nu
bn khng cc nc trn th hy la chn a ch no gn bn nht.
vii
Bn s thy nhng phn cn tham kho thm CTAN trong sut ti liu
ny, c bit l cc tham chiu n phn mm v ti liu bn c th ti v.
Thay v phi vit ton b a ch URL, chng ti s ch vit CTAN: sau l
v tr trong cy th mc CTAN.
Nu bn mun s dng LATEXtrn my tnh c nhn, hy xem qua nhng
thng tin a ch CTAN:/tex-archive/systems.
<oetiker@ee.ethz.ch>
Mc lc
Cm n!
iii
Li m u
1 Nhng kin thc c bn v LATEX
1.1 Tn gi ca tr chi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.1.1 TEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.1.2 LATEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.2 Nhng iu c bn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.2.1 Tc gi, ngi trnh by sch v ngi sp ch
1.2.2 Trnh by bn in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.2.3 Nhng im mnh v im yu ca LATEX . .
1.3 Cc tp tin nhp liu ca LATEX . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.3.1 Khong trng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.3.2 Mt s k t c bit . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.3.3 Mt s lnh ca LATEX . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.3.4 Cc li ch thch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.4 Cu trc ca tp tin nhp liu . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.5 Mt s lnh thng dng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.6 Cch trnh by mt ti liu . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.6.1 Cc lp ti liu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.6.2 Cc gi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.6.3 Cc nh dng trang ca trang vn bn . . . .
1.7 Mt s dng tp tin thng gp . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.8 Cc ti liu ln . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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1
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11
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14
17
2 Son tho vn bn
19
2.1 Cu trc vn bn v vn v ngn ng . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
MC LC
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
2.10
2.11
2.12
2.13
ix
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21
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54
57
57
62
MC LC
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
3.10
Ging theo ct . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cc khong trng thay cho phn vn bn
Kch thc ca cc font ch . . . . . . .
nh l, nh lut, . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cc k hiu in m . . . . . . . . . . . .
Danh sch cc k hiu ton hc . . . . .
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63
65
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69
70
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80
80
83
85
87
88
88
90
91
92
94
94
97
98
99
103
. . . 103
. . . 104
. . . 105
. . . 106
. . . 107
. . . 108
. . . 109
. . . 110
. . . 111
trc112
. . . 114
. . . 115
. . . 116
. . . 116
MC LC
6 Tu bin cc thnh phn ca LATEX
6.1 To lnh, gi lnh v mi trng mi . . . . . . . . . .
6.1.1 To lnh mi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.1.2 To mi trng mi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.1.3 To mt gi lnh mi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.2 Font ch v kch thc font ch . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.2.1 Cc lnh thay i font ch . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.2.2 Lu khi s dng cc lnh thay i nh dng
6.2.3 Vi li khuyn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.3 Cc khong trng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.3.1 Khong cch gia cch hng . . . . . . . . . . .
6.3.2 nh dng on vn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.3.3 Khong trng ngang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.3.4 Khong trng dc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.4 Trnh by trang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.5 Cc vn khc vi vic nh dng chiu di . . . . . .
6.6 Cc hp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.7 ng k v thanh ngang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
xi
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120
120
121
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127
128
128
128
129
130
131
132
134
135
138
140
141
Ch mc
143
4.1
4.2
6.1
6.2
Cc lp ti liu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cc tu chn cho lp ti liu. . . . . . . . . . .
Mt s gi c phn phi chng vi LATEX. . .
Cc kiu nh dng sn ca trang vn bn trong
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
LATEX.
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12
13
15
16
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
Du trng m v cc k t c bit. . . .
Phn ta h tr ting B o Nha. .
Cc lnh c bit dnh cho ting Php. .
Mt s k hiu c bit trong ting c.
Cc v tr c php. . . . . . . . . . . .
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28
32
33
33
51
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
3.10
3.11
3.12
3.13
3.14
3.15
3.16
3.17
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xiv
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
Font ch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Kch thc ca font ch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Kch thc tnh theo im (pt) ca cc ti liu chun. .
Cc font ch son tho trong ch ton hc. . . .
Cc n v trong TEX. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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125
125
126
126
131
Chng 1
Nhng kin thc c bn v
LATEX
Phn u tin ca chng s gii thiu mt cch ngn gn s ra i v qu trnh
pht trin ca LATEX 2 . Phn hai s tp trung vo cc cu trc c bn ca mt
ti liu son tho bng LATEX. Sau khi kt thc chng ny, cc bn s c c
nhng kin thc cn bn v cch thc lm vic ca LATEX v iu ny s l mt
nn tng quan trng bn c th hiu k nhng chng sau.
1.1
1.1.1
Tn gi ca tr chi
TEX
1.2 Nhng iu c bn
TEX c pht m l Tech, vi ch nh trong t Ach 1 trong ting
c hay t Loch trong tign Scotland. ch bt ngun t bng ch ci ca
ting Hy Lp, trong X l ch ch hay chi. Ngoi ra TEX cn l m u
tin ca t texnologia (technology) trong ting Hy Lp. Trong mi trng
vn bn thng thng, TEX c vit l TeX.
1.1.2
LATEX
1.2
1.2.1
Nhng iu c bn
Tc gi, ngi trnh by sch v ngi sp ch
1.2 Nhng iu c bn
hp cho: tiu , trch dn, v d, cng thc, . . . . y l cng vic phi da
nhiu vo kinh nghim v ni dung ca bn tho.
Trong mi trng LATEX, LATEX ng vai tr l ngi trnh by sch v
s dng TEX nh l mt ngi th sp ch. Tuy nhin, LATEX ch l mt
chng trnh my tnh do n phi c hng dn bi ngi son tho.
Ngi son tho s cung cp thm thng tin m t cu trc logic ca tc
phm v thng tin ny s c vit vo vn bn di hnh thc l cc lnh
ca LATEX.
y chnh l mt trong nhng im khc bit ln i vi cc chng trnh
son tho WYSIWYG2 nh l: MS Word, hay Corel WordPerfect. Vi cc
chng trnh trn th ngi son vn bn s tng tc trc tip vi chng
trnh v h s thy ngay kt qu ca vic inh dng. Khi ny, vn bn trn
mn hnh s phn nh ng vi bn in.
Khi s dng LATEX, bn khng nhn thy bn in ngay khi son tho. Tuy
nhin, sau khi bin dch bn c th xem v sa i ni dung trc khi thc
hin thao tc in n.
1.2.2
Trnh by bn in
1.2 Nhng iu c bn
nh dng cc thnh phn ca ti liu. LATEX ngn chn nhng li nh th
bng cch yu cu ngi son tho phi nh ngha cu trc logic ca ti
liu. Sau , chnh LATEX s la chn cch trnh by tt nht.
1.2.3
1.3
1.3.1
Khong trng
1.3.2
Mt s k t c bit
#$%&_{}
1.3.3
Mt s lnh ca LATEX
Bn c th da vo ti!
Vui lng bt u mt
hng mi!\newline
Cm n!
1.3.4
Cc li ch thch
1.4
1.5
\documentclass{article}
\begin{document}
Nh gn nhng c nhiu ngha
\end{document}
10
1.6
1.6.1
y, lp cho bit kiu ti liu cn bin son. Bng 1.1 lit k cc kiu ti
liu c nh ngha sn. Bn cnh cc kiu ti liu chun, LATEXcn cho
11
1.6.2
Cc gi
CTAN:/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/supported/foiltex
12
leqno
13
1.6.3
1.7
14
15
16
1.8 Cc ti liu ln
.log Lu cc thng tin chi tit v qu trnh bin dch cui cng.
.toc Lu tiu ca tt c cc mc. N s c c trong ln bin dch
tip theo v c s dng to bng mc lc.
.lof Tng t nh tp tin .toc nhng n lu thng tin v danh sch cc
hnh nh.
.lot Tng t nh hai tp tin trn nhng n lu thng tin v cc bng
trong ti liu.
.aux Tp tin ny chuyn cc thng tin bin dch t tp tin ny n tp tin
khc. Cc tp tin .aux ny s c dng lu thng tin v cc tham
chiu cho.
.idx Nu ti liu ca bn c trang v ch mc th tp tin ny s lu tt c
cc t kho. Bn c th bin dch tp tin ny vi lnh:
makeindex. Tham kho thm chng 4.3 trang 85 bit thm chi
tit.
.ind Cha thng tin c dch t tp tin .idx. Bn c th nh km tp
tin ny vo ti liu ca bn cho ln bin dch tip theo.
.ilg Tp tin ny lu tr thng tin v nhng g m lnh makeindex tin
hnh..
1.8
Cc ti liu ln
17
1.8 Cc ti liu ln
Lnh th hai c th s dng trong phn ta . N cho php bn hng
dn LATEX ch a vo mt s tp tin.
\includeonly{filename,filename,. . . }
18
Chng 2
Son tho vn bn
Sau khi c xong chng va qua, bn c nhng kin thc c bn v cu trc
ca mt ti liu c son tho vi LATEX 2 . Trong chng ny, bn s c
cung cp thm cc thng tin khc c th son tho nhng ti liu thc s
bng LATEX.
2.1
Cu trc vn bn v vn v ngn ng
iu quan trng khi son tho mt ti liu (tr cc ti liu hin i DAAC 1 )
l kh nng truyn t nhng tng, thng tin, kin thc n c gi. c
gi s d tip thu hn khi ni dung c son tho v trnh by mt cch
c h thng. Ngoi ra, iu ny cn c phn nh thng qua ngh thut in
n bi v bn in s phn nh cu trc logic ca tng v ngha ca cc
thnh phn bn trong.
LATEX khc vi cc h son tho vn bn khc im bn ch cn cung
cp cho n cu trc logic v ngha ca cc thnh phn ca vn bn. Sau
, m hnh ca bn in s c thit k mt cch t ng sao cho ph hp
vi cc yu cu nh dng trong phn tu chn u ti liu hay trong cc
tp tin km theo.
n v quan trng nht trong LATEX (cng nh trong in n) l on vn.
Chng ta gi l cc vn bn n v bi v mt on vn bn s phn
nh nhng ngh lin lc hay mt tng c th. Nhng mc sau s gip
1
20
2.2
2.2.1
21
Lnh sau s cho php ngt trang sau khi xung hng:
\newpage
Cc lnh sau:
\linebreak[n], \nolinebreak[n], \pagebreak[n] v \nopagebreak[n]
s thc hin theo th t tng ng cc cng vic nh: xung hng, khng
xung hng, sang trang, khng sang trang. Ngoi ra, chng cn cho php
ngi son tho tc ng n vic xung hng v sang trang vi tham s
km theo. S n y c th ly cc gi tr t 1 n 4. Khi n = 4 th LATEX s
t ng b qua lnh ny nu kt qu khng p mt. Lu : bn khng nn
nhm ln gia vic ngt trang vi vic to mi mt trang. Ngay c khi
bn s dng lnh ngt hng hay ngt trang th LATEX vn c gng thc
hin vic cn bng bin phi cng nh chiu di ca trang. Nu bn thc s
mun chuyn sang mt hng mi th hy s dng lnh tng ng (hy on
xem nn dng lnh no trong cc lnh trn).
LATEX lun c gng thc hin vic xung hng mt cch hp l. Nu n
khng th tm thy cch tt nht ngt hng theo chun th n s gi
nguyn phn vn bn (do , phn vn bn ny s nm ln sang l phi).
Khi ny, LATEX s thng bo khi bin dch l c phn vn bn nm ln ra
bin (overfull box).2 Bn c th hng dn LATEX linh ng x l tnh
hung thng qua lnh \sloppy. Lnh ny ngn cn vic to ra cc dng qu
di bng cch tng khong cch gia cc t ngay c khi m n lm cho kt
qu xut ra khng my p mt. Khi ny, cnh bo li (underfull hbox) s
2
22
23
2.2.2
Ngt t
24
2.3
2.4
2.4.1
V d
Ngy 29 thng 10 nm 2005
TEX
LATEX
LATEX 2
M t
Ngy thng hin thi
Tn ca b my sp ch yu thch ca bn!!!
Tn ca tr chi
Phin bn hin ti ca LATEX
Cc k t c bit v cc k hiu
Du trch dn
25
2.4.2
daughter-in-law, X-rated
pages 1367
yesor no?
0, 1 v 1
2.4.3
Du ng ()
2.4.4
http://www.rich.edu/bush
http://www.clever.edu/demo
K hiu v ()
2.4.5
Ngy nay, khi son tho ti liu c lin quan n tin t, bn s cn s dng
n k hiu ca ng Euro. Hin nay, c nhiu font ch c k hiu ny. Bn
c th s dng gi textcomp a vo k hiu ca ng Euro nh sau:
\usepackage{textcomp}
in ra k hiu ny.
Nu font ch ca bn khng h tr k hiu ny hay bn khng thch k
hiu Euro ca font ch trn, bn c th s dng mt trong cch sau:
Cch 1: dng gi eurosym. Gi ny cung cp k hiu chnh thc ca ng
euro.
\usepackage[official ]{eurosym}
26
2.4.6
27
Du ba chm (. . . )
2.4.7
Ch ghp, gch ni
ff fi fl ffi. . . thay v
ff fi fl ffi . . .
2.4.8
Not shelfful
but shelfful
Du trng m v cc k t c bit
28
2.5
\o
\=o
\o
\.o
\^o
\"o
\~o
\c c
\u o
\d o
\v o
\b o
o
oo
\H o
\t oo
\c o
\oe
a \aa
o
o
\OE
\AA
\ae
\AE
\O
\j
l
!
\l
!
L
?
\o
\i
\L
?
S h tr i vi cc ngn ng quc t
29
Bng m
western latin
cyrillic
applemac
macukr
latin1
koi8-ru
ansinew
cp1251
cp850 cp866nav
bit thm thng tin v cc bng m dnh cho ngn ng Latin v hay ngn ng h
Cyrillic, bn c th c ti liu ca hai gi tng ng l inputenc.dtx and cyinpenc.dtx.
Xem thm mc ?? bit cch to ti liu hng dn ca cc gi.
30
2.5.1
S h tr i vi ting B o Nha
kch hot tnh nng ngt qung t nhng v thay i cc chui gc sang
ting B o Nha, vi lnh:
\usepackage[portuguese]{babel}
c th nhp liu
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
31
2.5.2
S h tr i vi ting Php
2.5.3
S h tr i vi ting c
Lnh trn s kch hot tnh nng ngt qung t i vi ting c sau khi
bn cu hnh h thng LATEX mt cch hp l. Ngoi ra, n cng t ng
32
33
guillemets
M\up{me}, D\up{r}
Mme , Dr
2\ieme{} 4\iemes{}
2e 4es
\No 1, \no 2
No 1, no 2
20~\degres C, 45\degres
20 C, 45
\bsc{M. Durand}
M. Durand
\nombre{1234,56789}
1 234,567 89
"
"< or \flqq
\flq
<
\dq
"s
"
"> or \frqq
\frq
>
2.5.4
H tr i vi ting Hn quc6
34
35
Lnh ny s kch hot tnh nng son tho ting Hn. Cc tiu ca
chng, mc, mc con, mc lc, . . . s c dch sang ting Hn v nh dng
ca ti liu cng s thay i theo quy c mu ti liu bng ting Hn.
Cc gi trn cng cung cp tnh nng la chn mt mu nh. Trong
ting Hn, c rt nhiu cp tin t tng ng v mt ng php nhng khc
nhau v hnh thc. Cp tin t no ng s tu thuc vo m tit ng trc
kt thc bi mt nguyn m hay ph m. (iu ny phc tp hn nhng ta
c th ni nm na nh th cho d hiu.) Ngi dn Hn Quc s khng gp
kh khn trong vic la chn cp tin t no cho thch hp nhng TEX s
khng xc nh c vic s dng cp no s dng lm tham chiu v
cc chui mc nh s thay i trong khi son tho. HLATEX gii phng
c ngi dng khi vn ny bng mt c ch lm vic hot ng kh
tt (nhng vn c li).
Khi bn khng cn mt s tnh nng c bit ca son tho ting Hn,
n gin ho, bn c th dng lnh sau kch hot tnh nng son tho
9
B Vn Ho Hn Quc
36
37
2.6
2.7 Ta , cc chng v cc mc
lc ti liu tham kho. Nu bn s dng lnh \frenchspacing th khng
cn s dng lnh \@.
2.7
Ta , cc chng v cc mc
Nhm gip cho ngi c d dng tm ra nhng phn cn thit trong ti liu,
bn nn chia nh ti liu thnh cc chng, mc v mc con. LATEX h tr
cc lnh c bit dng ta ca cc mc lm i s. Vic s dng chng
theo th t nh th no s tu thuc vo bn.
Cc lnh sau sn c dnh cho lp ti liu dng article:
\section{...}
\subsection{...}
\subsubsection{...}
\paragraph{...}
\subparagraph{...}
Khi lm vic vi lp ti liu report hay book, lnh chia cu trc ln nht
l
\chapter{...}
38
2.7 Ta , cc chng v cc mc
39
40
2.8
Trong cc quyn sch, bng bo co, bi bo, ta thng thy rt nhiu tham
chiu cho n hnh nh, biu bng v cc on vn bn c bit. LATEX cung
cp cc lnh sau h tr cho vic to tham chiu cho:
\label{tn nhn}, \ref{tn nhn} v \pageref{tn nhn}
11
Cc lnh ny khng bit n i tng chng tham chiu n. Lnh \label ch lu
li s hiu ca vic nh s cui cng.
2.9
41
2.10
y l mt ch thch
Cc t c nhn mnh
2.11 Mi trng
\emph{ nhn mnh mt t
trong mt on vn bn
c nhn mnh th \LaTeX{}
s s dng font ch
\emph{bnh thng}
nhn mnh t y.}
42
2.11
Mi trng
\end{mi trng}
2.11.1
Cc mi trng lit k
2.11 Mi trng
43
2.11.2
1. Bn c th kt hp mi trng cc
danh sch theo mnh:
Nhng i khi n trng khng
p.
- Vi mt du gch.
2. Do , hy nh rng:
Nhng iu ng ngn s tr nn
hay khi chng nm trong mt
danh sch
Nhng iu hay c th c trnh
by mt cch p mt thng
qua cc danh sch.
2.11 Mi trng
\begin{flushleft}
on vn bn ny c\\
canh tri. \LaTeX{} s khng
c gng lm
cho cc hng c cng chiu di.
\end{flushleft}
\begin{flushright}
on vn bn ny c\\
canh phi. \LaTeX{} s khng
c gng lm
cho cc hng c cng chiu di.
\end{flushright}
\begin{center}
Nm tm \\ca tri t.
\end{center}
2.11.3
44
on vn bn ny c
canh tri. LATEX s khng c gng lm cho
cc hng c cng chiu di.
on vn bn ny c
canh phi. LATEX s khng c gng lm cho
cc hng c cng chiu di.
Nm tm
ca tri t.
Trch dn v cc on th
2.11 Mi trng
45
2.11.4
Lng l
Em m thi gian tri mi
Sao ngy c di bt tn
Sao m c mi mong lung
em lc mt
Mt anh tht ri.
Tnh gic
Tri bng sng bn em
C n, lng l
Em li m thi gian tri mi
Bao cuc tnh n ri i
Nh cn gi
Nhng c bao gi em khc
c u
Phi chng nc mt chn
su tnh c
Phi chng trong lng
Em ch khc v anh? . . .
on Th Ngc H
Li ta
2.11 Mi trng
46
2.11.5
In n ng nguyn vn
\begin{verbatim*}
phin bn c du *
pha sau ca mi trng
\ei{verbatim} nhn
mnh khong trng gia
cc t trong vn bn.
\end{verbatim*}
Lnh \ldots . . .
10 PRINT "HELLO WORLD ";
20 GOTO 10
phinbncdu*
phasaucamitrng
\ei{verbatim}nhn
mnhkhongtrnggia
ccttrongvnbn.
2.11 Mi trng
\verb*|nh th
47
ny
:-) |
nhthny:-)
2.11.6
Mi trng bng
2.11 Mi trng
48
\begin{tabular}{|r|l|}
\hline 7C0 & c s 16 \\
3700 & c s 8 \\
\cline{2-2} 11111000000
& c s 2
\\ \hline \hline
1984 & s thp phn \\ \hline
\end{tabular}
7C0
3700
11111000000
1984
\begin{tabular}{|p{4.7cm}|}
\hline
on vn ny s c
ng khung li. Hy vng
rng bn s
thch tnh nng ny.
\\ \hline
\end{tabular}
on vn ny s c ng
khung li. Hy vng rng bn
s thch tnh nng ny.
c s 16
c s 8
c s 2
s thp phn
\begin{tabular}{l}
\hline
c khong trng hai u\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
49
Hin nay, LATEX cha h tr trc tip cho vic sp thng hng cc ct lu
cc s thp phn,15 nhng chng ta vn c th sp thng hng bng cch
dng 2 ct: mt ct c canh l bn phi gm cc s nguyn v mt ct
c canh l bn tri cha s thp phn. Lnh \@{.} s c dng thay
i du phn cch gia cc ct thnh du .. ng qun thay th cc du
chm thp phn trong s liu ca bn thnh k hiu cch ct (&). Bn c th
dng thm mt ct xut ta bng cch s dng lnh\multicolumn.
\begin{tabular}{c r @{.} l}
Cc biu thc i vi s
$\pi$ & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Value}
\\ \hline $\pi$ & 3&1416
\\ $\pi^{\pi}$
& 36&46
\\
$(\pi^{\pi})^{\pi}$
& 80662&7
\\
\end{tabular}
Cc biu thc i vi s
( )
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|}
\hline \multicolumn{2}{|c|}
{Nguyn} \\
\hline Tn & Khoa! \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
Nguyn
Tn Khoa!
Value
3.1416
36.46
80662.7
2.12
50
vo. Nu LATEX khng thc hin c th biu bng hay hnh minh ho trong
hng i y s c xem nh va mi xut hin trong vn bn17 (c ngha
l n s b a xung cui hng i ch i c x l.) LATEX s c gng
gi ng th t xut hin ca cc biu bng v hnh minh ha. y l l
do m ti sao mt hnh minh ho hay biu bng b y xung n cui ti
liu. Do :
Nu LATEX khng t cc biu bng hay hnh minh ha ng v
tr bn mong mun th li gy ra l do mt biu bng hay hnh
minh ho no gy nghn hng i.
LATEX cho php vic nh v tr ch vi mt tham s nhng iu ny s
gy ra cc vn bi v nu LATEX khng th t n ti v tr nh yu cu th
n s gy nghn hng i, nh hng n cc thnh phn khc trong hng
i ny. C th, bn khng nn s dng tham s [h]tham s ny hot ng
khng tt v do , trong cc phin bn gn y ca LATEX, tham s ny t
ng c thay i bi tham s [ht].
Chng ti gii thch cho cc bn v mt s nhng kh khn hay gp; tuy
nhin, vn cn mt s iu cn lu khi s dng hai mi trng ny.
17
51
nh tiu cho biu bng hay hnh minh ho. Vic nh s th t vo chui
Hnh hay Bng s c LATEX t ng thc hin.
Hai lnh sau
\listoffigures v \listoftables
52
2.13 Bo v cc lnh d v
Trong mt s tnh hung th bn cn s dng lnh sau
\clearpage hay l lnh \cleardoublepage
nhm yu cu LATEX phi xut ra ngay tt c cc biu bng hay hnh minh
ho trong hng i v bt u mt trang mi. Lnh \cleardoublepage s
to thm mt trang mi bn phi.
Bn s hc cch a cc hnh nh PostScript vo ti liu c son
bi LATEX 2 phn sau.
2.13
Bo v cc lnh d v
53
Chng 3
Son tho cc cng thc ton
hc
By gi bn sn sng! Trong chng ny bn s b ht hn vi tnh nng
siu vit ca TEX: son tho ti liu Ton hc. Tuy nhin, chng ny ch cung
cp cho bn nhng kin thc c bn nht. i vi mt s ngi dng th nhng
kin thc y s khng son tho cc cng thc ton phc tp nhng
ng nn ch bi v bn c th tham kho thm trong AMS-LATEX1 .
3.1
Tng quan
55
TEX c pht m l .
100 m3 nc.
Tnh yu xut pht t .
>0
(3.1)
\begin{displaymath}
\lim_{n \to \infty}
\sum_{k=1}^n \frac{1}{k^2}
= \frac{\pi^2}{6}
\end{displaymath}
56
limn
Pn
1
k=1 k2
2
6
n
X
1
2
lim
=
n
k2
6
k=1
\begin{equation}
x^{2} \geq 0\qquad
\textrm{vi mi }x\in\mathbf{R}
\end{equation}
x R :
x2 0
x2 0
vi mi x R
(3.2)
(3.3)
57
\begin{displaymath}
x^{2} \geq 0\qquad \textrm{vi mi }
x\in\mathbb{R}
\end{displaymath}
3.2
x2 0
vi mi x R
3.3
ax + y 6= ax+y
, , , , ,
a1
x2
2
ex 6= ex2
et
a3ij
(3.4)
58
x2 + y
x
[x2
y2]
a+b
|a + b +{z + z}
26
y = x2
y 0 = 2x
y 00 = 2
~a AB
59
v = 1 2 1 2
lim
x0
sin x
=1
x
a mod b
x a (mod b)
1 12 ting
x2
k+1
x k+1
x1/2
60
n
k
Ckn
fN (x) = 1
Bn c th dng lnh \int son tho ton t tch phn, lnh \sum
son tho ton t tnh tng v lnh \prod son tho ton t tnh
tch. Cn trn v cn di s c son thng qua lnh ^ v _ tng t nh
vic son ch s trn/di.3
\begin{displaymath}
\sum_{i=1}^{n} \qquad
\int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \qquad
\prod_\epsilon
\end{displaymath}
\begin{displaymath}
\sum_{i=1}^{n} \qquad
\int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \qquad
\prod_\epsilon
\end{displaymath}
n
X
i=1
n
X
i=1
Z
0
Y
Y
61
P (i, j) =
0<i<n
1<j<m
Q(i, j)
iI
1<j<m
a, b, c 6= {a, b, c}
1+
1
1 x2
3
62
2
(x + 1)(x 1)
)
o
3.4
x1 , . . . , xn
x1 + + xn
Kch thc
63
ZZ
g(x, y) dx dy
D
thay v
Z Z
g(x, y)dxdy
D
ZZ
dx dy
D
3.5
Ging theo ct
x11 x12 . . .
X = x21 x22 . . .
..
..
..
.
.
.
64
nu d > c
a
y=
b + x nu i chi vo bui sng
l
c ngy
1 2
3 4
f (x) = cos x
0
f (x) = sin x
Z
(3.6)
f (y)dy = sin x
0
(3.5)
(3.7)
65
\begin{eqnarray}
\lefteqn{ \cos x = 1
-\frac{x^{2}}{2!} +{} }
\nonumber\\
& & {}+\frac{x^{4}}{4!}
-\frac{x^{6}}{6!}+{}\cdots
\end{eqnarray}
x3 x5
+
3!
5!
x7
+
7!
sin x = x
x2
+
2!
x4 x6
+
+
4!
6!
cos x = 1
3.6
(3.8)
Hy xem thm thng tin chi tit v cc mi trng align, flalign, gather, multiline v
split
(3.9)
66
12
6C
so vi
12
6 C
\begin{displaymath}
\Gamma_{ij}^{\phantom{ij}k} \qquad
\textrm{so vi} \qquad
\Gamma_{ij}^{k}
\end{displaymath}
ij k
so vi
kij
3.7
Trong ch son tho cng thc ton hc, TEX s t ng chn kch thc
ca font ch tu thuc vo ng cnh. V d nh i vi cc ch s trn hay
ch s di th LATEX s t ng son tho vi kiu ch nh hn. Khi bn
mun son tho mt phng trnh kiu ch roman th bn khng nn dng
lnh \textrm bi v lnh ny s lm cho c ch thay i kch thc font ch
mt cch t ng cho ph hp vi ng cnh ca LATEX khng lm vic bi
v lnh textrm s tm thi chuyn mi trng ton hc hin ti sang mi
trng son tho vn bn. Bn cn lu rng lnh \mathrm s ch lm vic
tt vi nhng phn vn bn ngn. Lnh \mathrm s khng c tc dng i
vi cc khong trng v cc k t c du.6
\begin{equation} 2^{\textrm{nd}}
\quad 2^{\mathrm{nd}}
\end{equation}
6
2nd
2nd
(3.10)
3.8 nh l, nh lut, . . .
67
n
X
corr(X, Y ) = n
X
i=1
(xi x)(yi y)
i=1
(xi x)2
n
X
(yi y)2
i=1
3.8
nh l, nh lut, . . .
1/2
3.8 nh l, nh lut, . . .
68
3.9 Cc k hiu in m
69
3.9
Cc k hiu in m
, M
, M
, M
, M
3.10
70
a
`
a
\hat{a}
\grave{a}
\bar{a}
a
\check{a}
a \dot{a}
~a \vec{a}
a
\tilde{a}
a
\ddot{a}
b \widehat{A}
A
a
\acute{a}
a
\breve{a}
e \widetilde{A}
A
\alpha
\beta
\gamma
\delta
\epsilon
\varepsilon
\zeta
\eta
\theta
\vartheta
\iota
\kappa
\lambda
\mu
\nu
\xi
o
\pi
\varpi
\rho
\varrho
\sigma
\varsigma
\tau
\upsilon
\phi
\varphi
\chi
\psi
\omega
7
cc bng sau c trch t symbols.tex c son bi David Carlisle v sau c
thay i nhiu theo s gi ca Josef Tkadlec.
71
\Lambda
\Xi
\Pi
\Sigma
\Upsilon
\Phi
\Psi
\Omega
72
<
v
`
|
^
:
<
\leq or \le
\ll
\prec
\preceq
\subset
\subseteq
\sqsubset a
\sqsubseteq
\in
\vdash
\mid
\smile
:
a
>
=
w
3
a
k
_
>
\geq or \ge
\gg
\succ
\succeq
\supset
\supseteq
\sqsupset a
\sqsupseteq
\ni , \owns
\dashv
\parallel
\frown
\notin
.
=
'
=
1
./
|=
6=
=
\equiv
\doteq
\sim
\simeq
\approx
\cong
\Join a
\bowtie
\propto
\models
\perp
\asymp
\neq or \ne
73
4
+
\pm
\cdot
\times
\cup
\sqcup
\vee , \lor
\oplus
\odot
\otimes
\bigtriangleup
\lhd a
\unlhd a
P
\sum
Q
\prod
`
\coprod
R
\int
5
\mp
\div
\setminus
\cap
\sqcap
\wedge , \land
\ominus
\oslash
\bigcirc
\bigtriangledown
\rhd a
\unrhd a
/
.
?
]
q
\triangleleft
\triangleright
\star
\ast
\circ
\bullet
\diamond
\uplus
\amalg
\dagger
\ddagger
\wr
L
N
J
U
\bigoplus
\bigotimes
\bigodot
\biguplus
74
7
(
)
\leftarrow or \gets
\rightarrow or \to
\leftrightarrow
\Leftarrow
\Rightarrow
\Leftrightarrow
\mapsto
\hookleftarrow
\leftharpoonup
\leftharpoondown
\rightleftharpoons
a
=
=
7
,
*
+
\longleftarrow
\longrightarrow
\longleftrightarrow
\Longleftarrow
\Longrightarrow
\Longleftrightarrow
\longmapsto
\hookrightarrow
\rightharpoonup
\rightharpoondown
\iff (bigger spaces)
m
%
&
.
;
\uparrow
\downarrow
\updownarrow
\Uparrow
\Downarrow
\Updownarrow
\nearrow
\searrow
\swarrow
\nwarrow
\leadsto a
(
[ or \lbrack
\{ or \lbrace
\langle
\lfloor
/
)
]
}
i
c
\
\lgroup
\arrowvert
)
] or \rbrack
\} or \rbrace
\rangle
\rfloor
\backslash
l
|
d
\uparrow
\downarrow
\updownarrow
m
| or \vert
k
\lceil
e
. (c hai u trng)
\rgroup
\lmoustache
w
w \Arrowvert
\bracevert
\Uparrow
\Downarrow
\Updownarrow
\| or \Vert
\rceil
\rmoustache
75
\dots
\hbar
\Re
\forall
\nabla
\bot
\diamondsuit
\neg or \lnot
a
0
4
>
\cdots
\imath
\Im
\exists
\prime
\triangle
\top
\heartsuit
\flat
..
.
..
\vdots
\jmath
\aleph
\mho a
\emptyset
\Box a
\angle
\clubsuit
\natural
\ddots
\ell
\wp
\partial
\infty
\Diamond a
\surd
\spadesuit
\sharp
\dag
\ddag
\S
\P
\copyright
\pounds
\textregistered
% \%
q \urcorner
| \rvert
x \llcorner
k \lVert
y
k
\lrcorner
\rVert
\varkappa
i \beth
k \daleth
\gimel
76
.
/
Q
S
4
2
w
j
b
<
p
`
C
E
\lessdot
\leqslant
\eqslantless
\leqq
\lll or \llless
\lesssim
\lessapprox
\lessgtr
\lesseqgtr
\lesseqqgtr
\preccurlyeq
\curlyeqprec
\precsim
\precapprox
\subseteqq
\Subset
\sqsubset
\therefore
\shortmid
\smallsmile
\vartriangleleft
\trianglelefteq
m
>
1
=
&
'
R
T
<
3
%
v
k
c
=
q
a
B
D
\gtrdot
\geqslant
\eqslantgtr
\geqq
\ggg or \gggtr
\gtrsim
\gtrapprox
\gtrless
\gtreqless
\gtreqqless
\succcurlyeq
\curlyeqsucc
\succsim
\succapprox
\supseteqq
\Supset
\sqsupset
\because
\shortparallel
\smallfrown
\vartriangleright
\trianglerighteq
+
:
;
P
$
,
l
m
u
v
w
G
t
J
I
\doteqdot or \Doteq
\risingdotseq
\fallingdotseq
\eqcirc
\circeq
\triangleq
\bumpeq
\Bumpeq
\thicksim
\thickapprox
\approxeq
\backsim
\backsimeq
\vDash
\Vdash
\Vvdash
\backepsilon
\varpropto
\between
\pitchfork
\blacktriangleleft
\blacktriangleright
77
W
"
x
\dashleftarrow
\leftleftarrows
\leftrightarrows
\Lleftarrow
\twoheadleftarrow
\leftarrowtail
\leftrightharpoons
\Lsh
\looparrowleft
\curvearrowleft
\circlearrowleft
99K
V
#
y
\dashrightarrow
\rightrightarrows
\rightleftarrows
\Rrightarrow
\twoheadrightarrow
\rightarrowtail
\rightleftharpoons
\Rsh
\looparrowright
\curvearrowright
\circlearrowright
(
\multimap
\upuparrows
\downdownarrows
\upharpoonleft
\upharpoonright
\downharpoonleft
\downharpoonright
\rightsquigarrow
! \leftrightsquigarrow
78
(
*
$
\nless
\lneq
\nleq
\nleqslant
\lneqq
\lvertneqq
\nleqq
\lnsim
\lnapprox
\nprec
\npreceq
\precneqq
\precnsim
\precnapprox
\subsetneq
\varsubsetneq
\nsubseteq
\subsetneqq
8 \nleftarrow
: \nLeftarrow
)
!
+
%
\ngtr
\gneq
\ngeq
\ngeqslant
\gneqq
\gvertneqq
\ngeqq
\gnsim
\gnapprox
\nsucc
\nsucceq
\succneqq
\succnsim
\succnapprox
\supsetneq
\varsupsetneq
\nsupseteq
\supsetneqq
&
'
"
#
.
/
0
2
1
3
6
7
5
4
\varsubsetneqq
\varsupsetneqq
\nsubseteqq
\nsupseteqq
\nmid
\nparallel
\nshortmid
\nshortparallel
\nsim
\ncong
\nvdash
\nvDash
\nVdash
\nVDash
\ntriangleleft
\ntriangleright
\ntrianglelefteq
\ntrianglerighteq
9
;
\nrightarrow
\nRightarrow
=
<
\nleftrightarrow
\nLeftrightarrow
\dotplus
\ltimes
\Cup or \doublecup
\veebar
\boxplus
\boxtimes
\leftthreetimes
\curlyvee
o
e
Z
\centerdot
\rtimes
\Cap or \doublecap
\barwedge
\boxminus
\boxdot
i \rightthreetimes
f \curlywedge
|
>
r
[
}
~
\intercal
\divideontimes
\smallsetminus
\doublebarwedge
\circleddash
\circledcirc
\circledast
79
@
\hbar
\square
\vartriangle
\triangledown
\lozenge
\angle
\diagup
\nexists
\eth
}
N
H
]
`
0
\hslash
\blacksquare
\blacktriangle
\blacktriangledown
\blacklozenge
\measuredangle
\diagdown
\Finv
\mho
k
s
{
a
F
^
8
\Bbbk
\circledS
\complement
\Game
\bigstar
\sphericalangle
\backprime
\varnothing
Lnh
\mathrm{ABCdef}
\mathit{ABCdef}
\mathnormal{ABCdef}
\mathcal{ABC}
\mathscr{ABC}
\mathfrak{ABCdef}
\mathbb{ABC}
Gi lnh cn dng
Chng 4
Nhng tnh nng c trng ca
LATEX
Khi kt hp cc phn li vi nhau thnh mt ti liu ln LATEX s gip bn
thng qua mt s tnh nng mnh nh vic to bng ch mc, qun l mc lc
ti liu tham kho v cc cng vic khc. bit thm chi tit v cc tnh nng
c trng v kh nng m rng ca LATEX, bn c th tham kho thm ti liu
LATEX Manual [1] v The LATEX Companion [3].
4.1
a nh EPS vo ti liu
2
Mt cch khc xut dng PostScript l s dng phn mm GhostScript ti a
ch CTAN:/tex-archive/support/ghostscript. Ngi dng Windows v OS/2 c th
cn phn mm GSView.
3
CTAN:/tex-archive/macros/latex/required/graphics
81
82
4.2
\bibitem[label ]{marker }
83
84
lun c s dng n trong ti liu.
\cite{marker }
Ti liu tham
kho
[1] H. Partl: German TEX, TUGboat
Quyn 9, pht hnh lne 1 (1988)
4.3 To ch mc
i vi cc d n ln, c l bn s cn kim tra chng trnh BibTEX.
BibTEX c cung cp km theo vi hu ht cc phin bn c phn phi
ca TEX. Chng trnh ny s gip bn bo qun c s d liu v ti liu
tham kho v a cc tham chiu tng ng vo ti liu. Phn mm BibTEX
da vo khi nim style sheet to ra cc mc lc ti liu tham kho trc
quan. Khi nim style sheet cho php mc lc ti liu tham kho c xy
dng da vo cc mu c nh sn.
4.3
To ch mc
85
4.3 To ch mc
86
Mc t
Ch thch
hello, 1
Mt mc t n thun
Peter, 3 Mc t con ca mc t hello
Sam, 2
Mc t c nh dng
Lin, 7
Ging nh trn
Jenny, 3
nh dng s trang
Joe, 5
Ging nh trn
olienne, 4 iu khin cc du
4.4
87
ti . Khc vi ti. Bn cn ch n v
tr ca du chm cu.
Trang tr u ca cc trang
c ti a ch CTAN:/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/supported/fancyhdr.
4.5
4.6
Ti v v ci t cc gi ca LATEX
Hu ht cc bn ci t ca LATEX u i km vi mt s lng ln cc gi
phc v vic nh dng ti liu. Tuy nhin, mt s gi hu dng khc phi
c ti v t mng. Ni m bn c th tm thy hu ht cc tin ch ny l
CTAN (http://www.ctan.org/).
88
4.6 Ti v v ci t cc gi ca LATEX
Cc gi nh geometry, hyphenat, v mt s gi khc thng c to
thnh t hai tp tin: mt tp tin vi phn m rng l .ins v tp tin kia c
phn m rng l .dtx. Thng th i km vi cc gi cn c tp tin hng
dn nh readme.txt. Bn nn c k tp tin ny.
Trong bt k trng hp no th sau khi ti v cc gi m rng, bn cn
phi thc hin hai thao tc sau:
1. Cho h thng TEX sn c bit v s tn ti ca gi mi ny trn h
thng ca bn.
2. Bin dch tp tin ti v bit thm chi tit.
Di y l cch thc hin thao tc th nht:
1. Dng LATEX dch tp tin .ins. Qu trnh ny s trch ra mt tp
tin dng .sty.
2. Chuyn tp tin dng .sty n th mc m phin bn TEX trn my
bn c th tm thy chng (thng thng th bn nn t n trong th
mc .../localtexmf /tex/latex.
3. Cp nht li c s d liu lu tr cc tp tin trong phin bn TEX
trn my ca bn. Tu theo cc phin bn ca LATEX m bn c th
s dng cc lnh tng ng nh: vi teTeX, fpTeX l texhash; web2c
l maktexlsr; MikTeX l initexmf -update-fndb hay s dng giao
din ha.
By gi bn c th trch ti liu hng dn ca gi t tp tin dng .dtx:
1. Chy LATEX i vi tp tin .dtx. Kt qu to ra l tp tin .dvi. Lu
rng c th bn s phi chy LATEX nhiu ln cc tham chiu cho
c chnh xc.
2. Kim tra xem LATEX c to ra tp tin .idx hay khng. Nu bn khng
tin thy tp tin ny th bn c th tin hnh bc 5.
3. to ra tp tin ch mc, s dng lnh sau:
makeindex -s gind.ist tn tp tin
(vi tn tp tin l tn ca tp tin chnh (khng c phn m rng)).
4. Chy LATEX dch tp tin .dtx thm mt ln na. .
89
4.7
90
4.7.1
91
4.7.2
Cc font ch
pdfLATEX c th lm vic vi tt c cc kiu font ch (PK bitmaps, TrueType, PostScript type 1. . . ) nhng ch yu l nh dng font ca ca LATEX,
font PK dng bitmap cho ra kt qu rt xu khi ti liu c xem bng
Acrobat Reader. c ti liu p mt th ch nn s dng cc font ch
dng PostScript Type 1. Cc bn ci t mi ca TEX s t ng cu hnh
vic ny. Nu mi th vn hnh tt th bn c th b qua c mc ny.
Chng ta s khng bn v font ch trong ti liu ny v t LATEX lm
tt vic x l cc font ch cng nh vic s dng b font ch ring ca n
p ng yu cu ca vic son tho v in n cc ti liu khoa hc.
B font PostScript da vo font ch Computer Modern v AMSFonts
c xy dng bi Blue Sky Research v Y&Y, Inc. Sau h chuyn
bn quyn sang cho American Mathemcatical Society. Cc font ch ny
c cng b rng ri t nm 1997 v c phn phi km theo cc phin
bn ca TEX.
Tuy nhin son tho ti liu bng cc ngn ng khc vi ting Anh
bn cn s dng b font ch EC, LH hay CB (xem thm phn ni v font ch
OT1 trang 30). Vladimir Volovich to ra nhm font ch cm-super bao
gm ton b font EC/TC, EC Concrete, EC Bright v LH. Bn c th ti
v a ch CTAN:/fonts/ps-type1/cm-super. Ngoi ra n cng c thm
TEXLive7 v MikTEX. Apostolos Syropoulos cng to ra b font type 1 CB
ting Hy Lp v c th ti v a ch CTAN:/tex-archive/fonts/greek/cb.
Tuy nhin, c hai b font ch ny khng c cng cht lng in n nh b
font ch Type1 CM ca Blue Sky/Y&Y.
i vi cc ti liu s dng cc ngn ng gc Latin bn c mt s tu
chn khc.
Bn c th s dng gi aeguill, Almost European Computer Modern
with Guillements. Bn ch cn thm dng \usepackage{aeguill} vo
phn ta s dng b font ch o AE thay v b font EC.
Ngoi ra, bn c th s dng gi mltex. Tuy nhin cch ny ch c tc
dng khi bn bin dch pdfTEX vi tham s mltex.
92
93
4.7.3
S dng hnh nh
4.7.4
Cc siu lin kt
94
95
on m sau
96
4.7.5
Vn vi cc lin kt
Cc thng ip nh:
! pdfTeX warning (ext4): destination with the same identifier
(name{page.1}) has been already used, duplicate ignored
xut hin khi b m c khi ng li. V d nh khi s dng lnh
\mainmatter c cung cp bi lp ti liu dng book, b m s c
khi ng li l 1 tng ng vi chng u tin ca ti liu. Tuy nhin,
phn li ta ca ti liu cng c nh s l trang 1. Khi ny, tt c cc
lin kt n trang 1 s khng cho kt qu duy nht na! Do , thng bo
l duplicate has been ignored.
B m s thc hin vic a plainpages=false vo mc chn ca cc
siu lin kt. Khng may l iu ny ch h tr vic m trang. Mt gii
php trit hn l s dng mc chn hypertexnames=false tuy nhin khi
ny cc lin kt n cc trang trong phn ch mc s khng lm vic.
97
4.7.6
Cc vn vi Bookmark
98
4.8
Thng qua cch vit ln bng, dng cc loi my chiu hay thm ch trnh
99
100
\documentclass[10pt]{beamer}
\mode<beamer>{%
\usetheme[hideothersubsections,right,width=22mm]{Goettingen}
}
\title{Bi trnh din n gin}
\author[D. Flipo]{Daniel Flipo}
\institute{U.S.T.L. \& GUTenberg}
\titlegraphic{\includegraphics[width=20mm]{USTL}}
\date{2005}
\begin{document}
\begin{frame}<handout:0>
\titlepage
\end{frame}
\section{V d}
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Nhng vic phi lm vo bui tra ny Ch nht}
\begin{block}{Mt l \ldots}
\begin{itemize}
\item dn ch i do\dots \pause
\item c sch\pause
\item vui a vi mo\pause
\end{itemize}
\end{block}
v nhiu vic khc
\end{frame}
\end{document}
Hnh 4.2: V d minh ho cch s dng gi beamer
101
102
Chng 5
Bin son hnh nh ton hc
Hin nay rt nhiu ngi dng LATEX bin son ti liu. Bn cnh vic h tr
bin son cc ti liu thng thng, LATEX cn h tr bin son hnh nh da
trn nhng m t thun vn bn. Ban u, tnh nng ny c phn b hn ch
nhng theo thi gian, mt s lng ln cc gi m rng ca LATEX khin tc
v ny tr nn n gin, gp phn khc phc nhng hn ch trc y. Trong
chng ny, bn s lm quen vi mt vi gi tiu biu.
5.1
Tng quan
Mi trng picture cho php chng ta dng LATEX bin son trc tip
cc hnh nh. Bn c th tham kho trong LATEX Manual [1] bit thm
chi tit. Mt mt, mi trng ny vn cn mt s hn ch ln nh h s gc
ca cc on thng cng nh bn knh ca ng trn b gii hn trong mt
s t cc gi tr la chn. Mt khc, mi trng picture trong LATEX 2 c
lnh \qbezier, q c ngha l bc hai (quadratic). Cc ng cong thng
dng nh ng trn, ellipse hay cc ng cong lin tip nhau c th c
thay th bng ng cong Bzier bc hai, tuy nhin, iu ny i hi chng
ta phi thc hin cc tnh ton ton hc khng n gin. Nu bn s dng
ngn ng lp trnh nh Java to ra tp tin nhp liu ca LATEX cha cc
lnh \qbezier th sc mnh ca gi picture s tng ln rt nhiu.
Mc d vic lp trnh xut ra hnh nh mt cch trc tip vi LATEX
l mt cng vic khng n gin, mt nhc v gp phi nhng hn ch nht
nh nhng chng ta c l do thc hin vic ny: ti liu ca chng ta s
5.2
Mi trng picture
104
5.2.1
Cc lnh c bn
hay
\begin{picture}(x, y)(x0 , y0 ). . . \end{picture}
Cc gi tr x, y, x0 , y0 s da vo \unitlength, bn c th gn li gi tr
ny vo bt k lc no (bn ngoi mi trng picture) vi lnh nh sau
\setlength{\unitlength}{1.2cm}
hay
\multiput(x, y)(x, y){n}{i tng}
105
5.2.2
106
Cc on thng
\setlength{\unitlength}{5cm}
\begin{picture}(1,1)
\put(0,0){\line(0,1){1}}
\put(0,0){\line(1,0){1}}
\put(0,0){\line(1,1){1}}
\put(0,0){\line(1,2){.5}}
\put(0,0){\line(1,3){.3333}}
\put(0,0){\line(1,4){.25}}
\put(0,0){\line(1,5){.2}}
\put(0,0){\line(1,6){.1667}}
\put(0,0){\line(2,1){1}}
\put(0,0){\line(2,3){.6667}}
\put(0,0){\line(2,5){.4}}
\put(0,0){\line(3,1){1}}
\put(0,0){\line(3,2){1}}
\put(0,0){\line(3,4){.75}}
\put(0,0){\line(3,5){.6}}
\put(0,0){\line(4,1){1}}
\put(0,0){\line(4,3){1}}
\put(0,0){\line(4,5){.8}}
\put(0,0){\line(5,1){1}}
\put(0,0){\line(5,2){1}}
\put(0,0){\line(5,3){1}}
\put(0,0){\line(5,4){1}}
\put(0,0){\line(5,6){.8333}}
\put(0,0){\line(6,1){1}}
\put(0,0){\line(6,5){1}}
\end{picture}
%
%
%
,
%
,
#
#
,
%
#
,
%
#
,
%
# "
"
,
#
"
% ,
"
# "
% #
,
" !
!
,
%
#" !!
"
,
%
#
!
"
!
,
#
!
%,
"!
#
"
!
(
%#
((( (
!
"
,
!
"
!
(((
%
,
#
!
"
((((
!
(
(
,
(
%
"
#
!
107
5.2.3
Mi tn
\setlength{\unitlength}{1mm}
\begin{picture}(60,40)
\put(30,20){\vector(1,0){30}}
\put(30,20){\vector(4,1){20}}
\put(30,20){\vector(3,1){25}}
\put(30,20){\vector(2,1){30}}
\put(30,20){\vector(1,2){10}}
\thicklines
\put(30,20){\vector(-4,1){30}}
\put(30,20){\vector(-1,4){5}}
\thinlines
\put(30,20){\vector(-1,-1){5}}
\put(30,20){\vector(-1,-4){5}}
\end{picture}
OC
C
C
*
1
C
yXX
X
XX
:
XXX C
XC
5.2.4
108
ng trn
\setlength{\unitlength}{1mm}
\begin{picture}(60, 40)
\put(20,30){\circle{1}}
\put(20,30){\circle{2}}
\put(20,30){\circle{4}}
\put(20,30){\circle{8}}
\put(20,30){\circle{16}}
\put(20,30){\circle{32}}
\put(40,30){\circle{1}}
\put(40,30){\circle{2}}
\put(40,30){\circle{3}}
\put(40,30){\circle{4}}
\put(40,30){\circle{5}}
\put(40,30){\circle{6}}
\put(40,30){\circle{7}}
\put(40,30){\circle{8}}
\put(40,30){\circle{9}}
\put(40,30){\circle{10}}
\put(40,30){\circle{11}}
\put(40,30){\circle{12}}
\put(40,30){\circle{13}}
\put(40,30){\circle{14}}
'$
'$
#
j
be
m
j
h
be
"!
&%
&%
r
u x z}
\put(15,10){\circle*{1}}
\put(20,10){\circle*{2}}
\put(25,10){\circle*{3}}
\put(30,10){\circle*{4}}
\put(35,10){\circle*{5}}
\end{picture}
Lnh
\put(x, y){\circle{ng knh}}
109
5.2.5
Vn bn v cng thc
\setlength{\unitlength}{1cm}
\begin{picture}(6,5)
\thicklines
\put(1,0.5){\line(2,1){3}}
\put(4,2){\line(-2,1){2}}
\put(2,3){\line(-2,-5){1}}
\put(0.7,0.3){$A$}
\put(4.05,1.9){$B$}
\put(1.7,2.95){$C$}
\put(3.1,2.5){$a$}
\put(1.3,1.7){$b$}
\put(2.5,1.05){$c$}
\put(0.3,4){$F=
\sqrt{s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)}$}
\put(3.5,0.4){$\displaystyle
s:=\frac{a+b+c}{2}$}
\end{picture}
F =
HH a
HH
H
B
b
c
a+b+c
s :=
5.2.6
\setlength{\unitlength}{2mm}
\begin{picture}(30,20)
\linethickness{0.075mm}
\multiput(0,0)(1,0){31}%
{\line(0,1){20}}
\multiput(0,0)(0,1){21}%
{\line(1,0){30}}
\linethickness{0.15mm}
\multiput(0,0)(5,0){7}%
{\line(0,1){20}}
\multiput(0,0)(0,5){5}%
{\line(1,0){30}}
\linethickness{0.3mm}
\multiput(5,0)(10,0){3}%
{\line(0,1){20}}
\multiput(0,5)(0,10){2}%
{\line(1,0){30}}
\end{picture}
Lnh
\multiput(x, y)(x, y){n}{i tng}
110
5.2.7
111
\setlength{\unitlength}{1cm}
\begin{picture}(6,4)
\linethickness{0.075mm}
\multiput(0,0)(1,0){7}%
{\line(0,1){4}}
\multiput(0,0)(0,1){5}%
{\line(1,0){6}}
\thicklines
\put(2,3){\oval(3,1.8)}
\thinlines
\put(3,2){\oval(3,1.8)}
\thicklines
\put(2,1){\oval(3,1.8)[tl]}
\put(4,1){\oval(3,1.8)[b]}
\put(4,3){\oval(3,1.8)[r]}
\put(3,1.5){\oval(1.8,0.4)}
\end{picture}
'
'
&
'
&
$
%
%
%
&
Lnh
\put(x, y){\oval(w, h)}
hay
\put(x, y){\oval(w, h)[v tr ]}
5.2.8
112
\setlength{\unitlength}{0.5mm}
\begin{picture}(120,168)
\newsavebox{\foldera}% declaration
\savebox{\foldera}
(40,32)[bl]{% definition
\multiput(0,0)(0,28){2}
{\line(1,0){40}}
\multiput(0,0)(40,0){2}
{\line(0,1){28}}
\put(1,28){\oval(2,2)[tl]}
\put(1,29){\line(1,0){5}}
\put(9,29){\oval(6,6)[tl]}
\put(9,32){\line(1,0){8}}
\put(17,29){\oval(6,6)[tr]}
\put(20,29){\line(1,0){19}}
\put(39,28){\oval(2,2)[tr]}
}
\newsavebox{\folderb}% declaration
\savebox{\folderb}
(40,32)[l]{%
definition
\put(0,14){\line(1,0){8}}
\put(8,0){\usebox{\foldera}}
}
\put(34,26){\line(0,1){102}}
\put(14,128){\usebox{\foldera}}
\multiput(34,86)(0,-37){3}
{\usebox{\folderb}}
\end{picture}
113
5.2.9
114
Cc ng cong Bzier
\setlength{\unitlength}{1cm}
\begin{picture}(6,4)
\linethickness{0.075mm}
\multiput(0,0)(1,0){7}
{\line(0,1){4}}
\multiput(0,0)(0,1){5}
{\line(1,0){6}}
\thicklines
\put(0.5,0.5){\line(1,5){0.5}}
\put(1,3){\line(4,1){2}}
\qbezier(0.5,0.5)(1,3)(3,3.5)
\thinlines
\put(2.5,2){\line(2,-1){3}}
\put(5.5,0.5){\line(-1,5){0.5}}
\linethickness{1mm}
\qbezier(2.5,2)(5.5,0.5)(5,3)
\thinlines
\qbezier(4,2)(4,3)(3,3)
\qbezier(3,3)(2,3)(2,2)
\qbezier(2,2)(2,1)(3,1)
\qbezier(3,1)(4,1)(4,2)
\end{picture}
HH
H
HH
H
D
D
D
D
D
HH D
HD
m2 x2 m1 x1 (y2 y1 )
x =
,
(5.1)
m2 m1
y = y + m (x x )
(i
=
1,
2).
i
i
i
Xem Graphics in LATEX 2 [?] bit thm thng tin v chng trnh Java
h tr vic to cc ng cong Bzier t lnh.
5.2.10
115
Catenary
\setlength{\unitlength}{1.3cm}
\begin{picture}(4.3,3.6)(-2.5,-0.25)
\put(-2,0){\vector(1,0){4.4}}
\put(2.45,-.05){$x$}
\put(0,0){\vector(0,1){3.2}}
\put(0,3.35){\makebox(0,0){$y$}}
\qbezier(0.0,0.0)(1.2384,0.0)
(2.0,2.7622)
\qbezier(0.0,0.0)(-1.2384,0.0)
(-2.0,2.7622)
\linethickness{.075mm}
\multiput(-2,0)(1,0){5}
{\line(0,1){3}}
\multiput(-2,0)(0,1){4}
{\line(1,0){4}}
\linethickness{.2mm}
\put( .3,.12763){\line(1,0){.4}}
\put(.5,-.07237){\line(0,1){.4}}
\put(-.7,.12763){\line(1,0){.4}}
\put(-.5,-.07237){\line(0,1){.4}}
\put(.8,.54308){\line(1,0){.4}}
\put(1,.34308){\line(0,1){.4}}
\put(-1.2,.54308){\line(1,0){.4}}
\put(-1,.34308){\line(0,1){.4}}
\put(1.3,1.35241){\line(1,0){.4}}
\put(1.5,1.15241){\line(0,1){.4}}
\put(-1.7,1.35241){\line(1,0){.4}}
\put(-1.5,1.15241){\line(0,1){.4}}
\put(-2.5,-0.25){\circle*{0.2}}
\end{picture}
y
6
-x
5.3 XY-pic
116
ton hc da vo lnh
\begin{picture}(4.3,3.6)(-2.5,-0.25)
5.2.11
\setlength{\unitlength}{1cm}
\begin{picture}(6,4)(-3,-2)
\put(-2.5,0){\vector(1,0){5}}
\put(2.7,-0.1){$\chi$}
\put(0,-1.5){\vector(0,1){3}}
\multiput(-2.5,1)(0.4,0){13}
{\line(1,0){0.2}}
\multiput(-2.5,-1)(0.4,0){13}
{\line(1,0){0.2}}
\put(0.2,1.4)
{$\beta=v/c=\tanh\chi$}
\qbezier(0,0)(0.8853,0.8853)
(2,0.9640)
\qbezier(0,0)(-0.8853,-0.8853)
(-2,-0.9640)
\put(-3,-2){\circle*{0.2}}
\end{picture}
= v/c = tanh
6
-
5.3
XY-pic
5.3 XY-pic
117
AO
/B
Do
/B
@@
@@
@@
A@
5.3 XY-pic
\begin{displaymath}
\xymatrix{
A \ar[d] \ar[dr] \ar[drr] & & \\
B
& C & D }
\end{displaymath}
118
A @PPP
@@ PPP
@@ PPP
@@ PPP
PP'
/B
f0
g0
/C
g0
/B
f0
/C
5.3 XY-pic
\begin{displaymath}
\xymatrix{
\bullet\ar@{->}[rr]
\bullet\ar@{.<}[rr]
\bullet\ar@{~)}[rr]
\bullet\ar@{=(}[rr]
\bullet\ar@{~/}[rr]
\bullet\ar@{=+}[rr]
}
\end{displaymath}
119
&& \bullet\\
&& \bullet\\
&& \bullet\\
&& \bullet\\
&& \bullet\\
&& \bullet
/o /o /o /o /o o/ /o ? _
/o /o /o /o /o /o o/
_
\begin{displaymath}
\xymatrix{
\bullet \ar@/^/[r]
\ar@/_/@{.>}[r] &
\bullet
}
\end{displaymath}
Chng 6
Tu bin cc thnh phn ca
LATEX
Vi cc lnh hc t chng 1 n nay, bn c th son tho c cc ti
liu p mt, c tnh chuyn nghip kh cao. D chng cha t n c s
tinh xo cao nhng ti liu ca bn tun theo nhng qui tc nh dng chung
do chng rt d c v c tnh cht chuyn nghip.
Tuy nhin, trn thc t ca vic son tho vi LATEX, bn vn cn gp phi
mt s tnh hung m LATEX khng cung cp cc lnh hay mi trng ph hp
vi yu cu ca bn hay kt qu c c t cc lnh sn c khng lm cho bn
hi lng.
Trong chng ny, chng ta s cng tm hiu mt vi th thut dy cho
A
LTEX nhng k nng mi nhm to ra cc ti liu c kiu mu khc vi cc kiu
mu mc nh.
6.1
121
\dum
6.1.1
To lnh mi
6.1.2
To mi trng mi
122
123
ti b nh ca ti . . .
\begin{king}
ti b nh ca ti \ldots
\end{king}
6.1.3
To mt gi lnh mi
124
6.2
6.2.1
Italy.
Ch ln
125
roman
nh my
\textsf{...}
sans serif
\textmd{...}
trung bnh
\textbf{...}
in m
\textup{...}
\textsl{...}
thng ng
nghing
\textit{...}
\textsc{...}
in nghing
ch nh
\emph{...}
nhn mnh
\textnormal{...}
font ch nh
font ch rt nh
font ch tng i nh
font ch nh
font ch thng
font ch ln
\Large
font ch ln hn
\LARGE
font ch rt ln
\huge
\Huge
font ch khng l
font ch ln nht
126
V d
Kt qu
\mathcal{...}
\mathrm{...}
\mathbf{...}
\mathsf{...}
\mathtt{...}
\mathnormal{...}
\mathit{...}
$\mathcal{B}=c$
$\mathrm{K}_2$
$\sum x=\mathbf{v}$
$\mathsf{G\times R}$
$\mathtt{L}(b,c)$
$\mathnormal{R_{19}}\neq R_{19}$
$\mathit{ffi}\neq ffi$
B=c
K
P2
x=v
GR
L(b, c)
R 6= R19
ffi 6= f f i
127
Ti thch
hc.
Ton-Tin hc v
Vn
{\Large ng tin c gi y.
Ti ni thit y!!!\par}
ng tin c gi y. Ti ni
thit y!!!
Khi bn mun kch hot vic thay i kch thc font ch cho c don
vn bn hay nhiu hn, bn c th s dng mi trng lnh thay i.
\begin{Large}
ng tin nhng g con
gi ni. Nhng nh vy
th cn bit tin vo
g na y???!!! \ldots
\end{Large}
6.2.2
128
6.2.3
Vi li khuyn
Hy nh l
s
6.3
6.3.1
to ra mt ti liu p,
v d c.
Cc khong trng
Khong cch gia cch hng
6.3.2
nh dng on vn
129
130
6.3.3
y l mt khong trng di
cm.
1.5
Lnh
\stretch{n}
When using horizontal space together with text, it may make sense to
make the space adjust its size relative to the size of the current font. This
can be done by using the text-relative units em and en:
131
{\Large{}big\hspace{1em}y}\\
{\tiny{}tin\hspace{1em}y}
6.3.4
big y
tin
Khong trng dc
6.4
Trnh by trang
CTAN:/tex-archive/macros/latex/required/tools
cc quyn sch c in bi cc nh xut bn danh ting.
132
133
i
6
i
?
?
?Header
6
6
Body
Margin
Notes
- 9i
10i
-
i
-
?
1i-
?
Footer
6
i
11
1
3
5
7
9
11
2
4
6
8
10
6.5
134
6.6 Cc hp
135
vn bn.
\settoheight{variable}{text}
\settodepth{variable}{text}
\settowidth{variable}{text}
a2 + b2 = c2
Vi: a, b l hai cnh k ca gc vung ca
tam gic vung.
c l cnh huyn ca tam gic vung.
d cha c cp y!!!!
6.6
Cc hp
6.6 Cc hp
Trong cc chng trc, chng ta bt gp cc hp (bao quanh cc
lnh, . . . ). Mi trng tabular v lnh \includegraphics s h tr bn to
nn cc hp trong ti liu. iu ny c ngha l bn c th sp xp hai biu
bng hay hnh nh k bn nhau. iu duy nht bn cn quan tm y l
tng chiu rng ca hai i tng ny khng c vt qu chiu rng ca
vn bn.
Ngoi ra, bn cng c th ng khung mt on vn vi lnh
\parbox[pos]{width}{text}
hay mi trng
\begin{minipage}[pos]{width} text \end{minipage}
136
6.6 Cc hp
137
gia
dn
tri
ng khung mt vn bn!
Aaaaaaa
Hy ch kh nng
rgtinh t v th v ca LATEX.
nh dng ht sc
h
6.7
ng k v thanh ngang
138
139
\rule{3mm}{.1pt}%
\rule[-1mm]{5mm}{1cm}%
\rule{3mm}{.1pt}%
\rule[1mm]{1cm}{5mm}%
\rule{3mm}{.1pt}
Pitprop . . .
Strut
Ht.
Chng 7
Son tho ti liu ting Vit
son tho c ting Vit trong LATEX bn cn s dng gi vnTEX. Tin
s Hn Th Thnh, tc gi ca pdfTEX v pdfLATEX, to ra gi ny. Bn
hy vo trang http://vntex.org c c thng tin mi nht v gi vnTEX
cng nh nhng h tr son tho ting Vit khc.
142
Ch s
", 24
\(, 54
\), 54
\,, 56, 62
-, 25
, 25
\-, 23
, 25
, 25
., sau khong trng, 37
. . . , 27
\:, 62
\;, 62
\@, 37
\[, 55
ti, 87
n v, 130
on vn, 19
\\, 22, 43, 45, 47, 132
\\*, 22
\], 55
~, 37
mt mt, 13
ta ca ti liu, 13
A4 paper, 13
A5 paper, 13
a, 28
abstract, 46
acute, 28
\addtolength, 134
, 28
aeguill, 92
amsbsy, 69
amsfonts, 56, 79
amslatex, 55
amsmath, 60, 61, 63, 65, 66, 69
amssymb, 56, 70
\and, 39
\appendix, 38, 40
\ar, 117
\arccos, 59
\arcsin, 59
\arctan, 59
\arg, 59
array, 63
article class, 12
\author, 39, 97
B5 paper, 13
bng, 47
ba chm cho, 62
babel, 23, 28, 29
\backmatter, 40
\backslash, 6
beamer, 99101
\begin, 42, 105, 116
\bibitem, 83
\Big, 61
\big, 61
CH S
\Bigg, 61
\bigg, 61
\bigskip, 132
\binom, 60
block, 102
bm, 69
\bmod, 59
\boldmath, 69
\boldsymbol, 69
book class, 12
brazilian, 31
cu trc, 8
Cc ch ci Hy lp, 57
cc lnh d v, 53
cc phng trnh di, 65
cn bc hai, 58
cng thc ton hc, 54
calc, 134
canh tri, 43
\caption, 52, 53
\cdot, 59
\cdots, 62
center, 43
ch mc, 85
ch nh, 125
\chapter, 38
\chaptermark, 88
\ci, 121
\circle, 108
\circle*, 109
\cite, 84
CJK package, 35
\cleardoublepage, 53
\clearpage, 53
\cline, 47
color, 99, 100
commands
144
\(, 54
\), 54
\,, 56, 62
\-, 23
\:, 62
\;, 62
\@, 37
\[, 55
\\, 22, 43, 45, 47, 132
\\*, 22
\], 55
\addtolength, 134
\and, 39
\appendix, 38, 40
\ar, 117
\arccos, 59
\arcsin, 59
\arctan, 59
\arg, 59
\author, 39, 97
\backmatter, 40
\backslash, 6
\begin, 42, 105, 116
\bibitem, 83
\Big, 61
\big, 61
\Bigg, 61
\bigg, 61
\bigskip, 132
\binom, 60
\bmod, 59
\boldmath, 69
\boldsymbol, 69
\caption, 52, 53
\cdot, 59
\cdots, 62
\chapter, 38
\chaptermark, 88
CH S
\ci, 121
\circle, 108
\circle*, 109
\cite, 84
\cleardoublepage, 53
\clearpage, 53
\cline, 47
\cos, 59
\cosh, 59
\cot, 59
\coth, 59
\csc, 59
\date, 39
\ddots, 62
\deg, 59
\depth, 136, 137
\det, 59
\dim, 59
\displaystyle, 67
\documentclass, 11, 12, 16, 22
\dq, 33
\dum, 121
\emph, 41, 125
\end, 42, 105
\eps, 83
\eqref, 55
\EUR, 26
\exp, 59
\fbox, 24
\flq, 33
\flqq, 33
\foldera, 113
\folderb, 113
\footnote, 41, 53
\frac, 59
\framebox, 137
\frenchspacing, 37, 38
\frontmatter, 40
145
\frq, 33
\frqq, 33
\fussy, 23
\gcd, 59
\height, 136, 137
\hline, 47
\hom, 59
\href, 96, 97, 99
\hspace, 123, 130
\hyphenation, 23
\idotsint, 63
\iiint, 63
\iint, 63
\include, 17, 18
\includegraphics, 82, 94, 98, 136
\includeonly, 18
\indent, 129
\index, 85, 86
\inf, 59
\input, 18
\int, 60
\item, 43
\ker, 59
\label, 40, 55
\LaTeX, 24
\LaTeXe, 24
\ldots, 27, 62
\left, 61
\leftmark, 88
\lg, 59
\lim, 59
\liminf, 59
\limsup, 59
\line, 106, 113
\linebreak, 22
\linespread, 128
\linethickness, 110, 111, 114
\listoffigures, 52
CH S
\listoftables, 52
\ln, 59
\log, 59
\mainmatter, 40, 97
\makebox, 136, 137
\makeindex, 85
\maketitle, 39
\mathbb, 56
\mathrm, 66
\max, 59
\mbox, 24, 27, 136
\min, 59
\multicolumn, 49
\multiput, 105, 110
\newcommand, 121, 122
\newenvironment, 122
\newline, 22
\newpage, 22
\newsavebox, 113
\newtheorem, 67, 68
\noindent, 130
\nolinebreak, 22
\nonumber, 65
\nopagebreak, 22
\not, 72
\oval, 111, 113
\overbrace, 58
\overleftarrow, 58
\overline, 58
\overrightarrow, 58
\pagebreak, 22
\pageref, 40, 90
\pagestyle, 14
\par, 127
\paragraph, 38
\parbox, 136
\parindent, 129
\parskip, 129
146
\part, 38
\phantom, 53, 66
\pmod, 59
\Pr, 59
\printindex, 86
\prod, 60
\protect, 53
\providecommand, 122
\ProvidesPackage, 124
\put, 105109, 111, 113
\qbezier, 103, 105
\qquad, 56, 62
\quad, 56, 62
\raisebox, 137
\ref, 40, 55, 90
\renewcommand, 122, 123
\renewenvironment, 123
\right, 61
\right., 61
\rightmark, 88
\rule, 123, 138, 139
\savebox, 113
\scriptscriptstyle, 67
\scriptstyle, 67
\sec, 59
\section, 38, 53
\sectionmark, 88
\selectlanguage, 29
\setlength, 105, 129, 134
\settodepth, 135
\settoheight, 135
\settowidth, 135
\sin, 59
\sinh, 59
\sloppy, 22
\smallskip, 132
\sqrt, 58
\stackrel, 60
CH S
\stretch, 123, 130
\xymatrix, 117
\subparagraph, 38
comment, 8
\subsection, 38
comments, 7
\subsectionmark, 88
\cos, 59
\substack, 60
\cosh, 59
\subsubsection, 38
\cot, 59
\sum, 60
\coth, 59
\sup, 59
\csc, 59
\tableofcontents, 39
du ba chm, 27, 62
\tan, 59
du chm, 27
\tanh, 59
du gch, 25
\TeX, 24
du mi tn, 58
\texorpdfstring, 98
du ng, 58
\texteuro, 26
du ngoc, 61
\textrm, 66
du ngoc vung, 124
\textstyle, 67
du phy, 27
\thicklines, 107, 111, 114
du trch dn, 24
\thinlines, 111
du tr, 25
\thispagestyle, 14
du trng m, 27
\title, 39
dnh ring, 6
\tnss, 121
\date, 39
\today, 24
dcolumn, 49
\totalheight, 136, 137
\ddots, 62
\underbrace, 58
decimal alignment, 48
\underline, 41, 58
\deg, 59
\unitlength, 105, 107
\depth, 136, 137
\usebox, 113
description, 43
\usepackage, 14, 16, 26, 29, 30,
\det, 59
123
\dim, 59
\vdots, 62
displaymath, 55
\vec, 58
\displaystyle, 67
\vector, 107
doc, 15
\verb, 46
\documentclass, 11, 12, 16, 22
\verbatiminput, 88
dotless v , 28
\vspace, 131
\dq, 33
\widehat, 58
\dum, 121
\widetilde, 58
\width, 136, 137
eepic, 104, 109
147
CH S
em-dash, 25
\emph, 41, 125
en-dash, 25
Encapsulated PostScript, 81
\end, 42, 105
enumerate, 43
environments
abstract, 46
array, 63
block, 102
center, 43
comment, 8
description, 43
displaymath, 55
enumerate, 43
eqarray*, 64
eqarray, 64
eqnarray*, 64
eqnarray, 64
equation, 55, 64
figure, 50
flushleft, 43
flushright, 43
frame, 102
itemize, 43
lscommand, 121
math, 54
minipage, 136
picture, 103105, 108, 109
pspicture, 104
quotation, 45
quote, 44
subarray, 60
table, 50
tabular, 47, 136
thebibliography, 83
verbatim, 46, 88
verse, 45
148
epic, 104
\eps, 83
eqarray, 64
eqarray*, 64
eqnarray, 64
eqnarray*, 64
\eqref, 55
equation, 55, 64
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extension
.aux, 17
.cls, 16
.dtx, 16
.dvi, 16, 82
.eps, 82
.fd, 16
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.lof, 17
.log, 17
.lot, 17
.sty, 16, 89
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.toc, 17
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figure, 50
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CH S
flushleft, 43
flushright, 43
foiltex, 12
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font, 124
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font encodings, 30
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149
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gi, 8, 120
gi makeidx, 85
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geometry, 89
GhostScript, 81
graphicx, 81, 94, 99, 100
grave, 28
hm ng d, 59
hng ngang
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h phng trnh, 64
HLATEX, 35
hLATEXp, 35
hai mt, 13
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CH S
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in m, 56, 125
in nghing, 125
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inputenc, 15, 29, 33
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150
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CH S
math, 54
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mathrsfs, 79
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minipage, 136
Mittlebach, Frank, 2
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mltex, 92
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nm ngang
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151
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packages
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amsbsy, 69
amsfonts, 56, 79
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amsmath, 60, 61, 63, 65, 66, 69
amssymb, 56, 70
babel, 23, 28, 29
beamer, 99101
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calc, 134
color, 99, 100
dcolumn, 49
doc, 15
eepic, 104, 109
epic, 104
eufrak, 79
eurosym, 26
euscript, 79
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fancyhdr, 87, 88
fontenc, 15, 30
geometry, 89
graphicx, 81, 94, 99, 100
hyperref, 91, 94, 95, 100
hyphenat, 89
ifthen, 15
indentfirst, 129
inputenc, 15, 29, 33
latexsym, 15
CH S
longtabular, 49
makeidx, 15, 85
marvosym, 26
mathrsfs, 79
mltex, 92
picture, 109
ppower4, 100
prosper, 100
pstricks, 104, 109
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152
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CH S
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153
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thng ng, 125
tham chiu cho, 40
tham s, 7
thebibliography, 83
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tiu , 14
tilde, 25
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ton hc
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du ngoc, 61
CH S
hm, 59
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tr, 25
ton t tnh tch, 60
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tu chn, 7, 12
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verse, 45
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www, 25
154
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CH S
155