Cohesive Devices in Farsi

Mode and English examples are adopted (with some modifications) from Wendy
Ashbys work on classroom observation methodologies.

Farsi Examples

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z.r. - DLI-MLS - 122308
Farsi compilation by Ruby Rezai

English Example
1
2
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6
after
afterward
at last
before
currently
during

Models

Lists

Mode

Enumerative

Time
earlier
immediately
later
meanwhile
now
recently
simultaneously
subsequently
then

Descriptive

above
adjacent
below

Place

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z.r. - DLI-MLS - 122308
Farsi compilation by Ruby Rezai

beyond

here
there
around

behind

in front
Position
in back
nearby
here
there
first

Sequence

second

Instructive

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-

-
-
-
-
-

third

Fourth .

-
-
-
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-
()

-
-
-
-

()

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-
-

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z.r. - DLI-MLS - 122308
Farsi compilation by Ruby Rezai

next

then

finally

also
in the same way
just as
so too
likewise
similarly

Similarity

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)
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z.r. - DLI-MLS - 122308
Farsi compilation by Ruby Rezai

Evaluative

but

however
Exception
Contrast

in spite of
on the one hand
on the other hand
nevertheless
nonetheless
notwithstanding

in contrast
on the contrary
still

yet

accordingly



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( - -:
)as
( -)
-

-

-

-


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,


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-

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z.r. - DLI-MLS - 122308
Farsi compilation by Ruby Rezai

consequently
hence
so

Conclusion
Summary

therefore
thus finally
in a word
in brief
in conclusion
in the end
in the final analysis
on the whole
thus

to conclude




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- (
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z.r. - DLI-MLS - 122308
Farsi compilation by Ruby Rezai

to summarize
in sum
in summary
for example
for instance
namely

Emphasis

specifically

to illustrate

Projective

even

Cause / Effect

indeed


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!

,
-
( -
)
!
!

-

( -)

- -
,
-
-

( -
)
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- ( )

- ( )
-

in fact
of course
truly

additionally
again

also
and
as well as
besides

equally important
further

furthermore
in addition
moreover

-
()
- -

z.r. - DLI-MLS - 122308

Farsi compilation by Ruby Rezai

then

Support and
Evidence

as you see

-
-

z.r. - DLI-MLS - 122308

Farsi compilation by Ruby Rezai