Fayoum University

Faculty of Engineering
Department of Civil Engineering

CE 402: Part A
Shallow Foundation Design
Lecture No. (6): Eccentric Footing

Dr.: Youssef Gomaa Youssef

Eccentric Footing
Eccentric footing: A spread or wall footing that also must
resist a moment in addition to the axial column load.
A

e < A/6

Eccentric Loads or Moments

P PD.L PL.L
e

M
(P Wf )

e < A/6

Eccentric Footing
Combined axial and bending stresses increase the pressure on one
edge or corner of a footing. We assume again a linear distribution
based on a constant relationship to settling.

If the pressure combination is in tension, this effectively means the

contact is gone between soil and footing and the pressure is really
zero.
To avoid zero pressure, the eccentricity must stay within the kern. The
maximum pressure must not exceed the net allowable soil pressure.

CE 402: Foundation Engineering Design

The kern
To avoid zero pressure, the
eccentricity must stay within
the kern.

A/3

CE 402: Foundation Engineering Design

Eccentric Loads or Moments Cases

A

e <A/6

e =A/6

e >A/6

Case (a)

Case (b)

Case (c)

CE 402: Foundation Engineering Design

Eccentric Loads or Moments

For case A and B (not case C)

qmin

P
6e

(1 )
A* B
A

qmax

P
6e

(1 )
A* B
A

For case c
C

qmax

2* P
3* C * B

3C 0.75 A
qmax 1.20qa
CE 402: Foundation Engineering Design

e >A/6
Case (c)

Footing Subjected to Double Moment

P
eA
eB
q
(1 6 6 )
A* B
A
B
For contact pressure to remain (+) ve everywhere,

6eA 6eB

1.0
A
B

CE 402: Foundation Engineering Design

Design of Eccentric Footing

Plain concrete footing (P.C.)
M

1.50 PG.S
Area A * B
qa

Assume

t1

M F .L M H * D f

Check
qmax qa

G.S

A Area

PF .L 1.15 * PG.s

PG.S

PF.L

Df

M F .L
PF .L

A
e
6
PF .L
6e
(1 )
A* B
A

qmin
qmax

A1
A

Assume thickness of P.C.:

t = (0.25 to 0.50)
CE 402: Foundation Engineering Design

Dim. of P.C. = A * B * t

Design of Spread Footing

Reinforced concrete footing (R.C.)
X (0.8 1.0)t

A1 A 2X
e1
f1, 2

B1 B 2X
a

M1
PG .S

PG.S

G.S

P
6e
G.S (1 1 )
A1 * B2
A1

A a 2
A a 2 2
M I f3 ( 1
) / 2 ( f1 f 3 )( 1
) *
2
2
3
f f
B b 2
M II ( 1 2 ) * ( 1
)
2
2

M
d C
b * Fcu

t1 d cover

CE 402: Foundation Engineering Design

t1

f2
f1

f3
A1

Dim. of R.C. = A1 * B1* t1

Design of Spread Footing

Shear Stress:
Qs ( II )

PG.S

( f1 f 4 ) A1 a
*(
d)
2
2

a
G.S
(II)

Qs ( III )

( f f ) B b
1 2 *( 1
d)
2
2

qs

t1

Qs
q su
b *d

f2
f1

q su 0.75

f cu

f4
(II)
A1

If qs > qsu , Increase d

Notes:
No shear RFT in Footing.
CE 402: Foundation Engineering Design

Qs: shear force at critical sec. (II).

qs: shear stress.

qsu: ultimate shear strength.

Design of Spread Footing

PG.S

Punching Stress:

a
G.S

Q p 1.50 PG.S

( f1 f 2 )
[(a d ) * (b d )]
2

t1

A p d *2*(a d ) (b d )

f2
f1

qp

Qp

d/2

Ap

qcup 0.5 (a / b ) f cu / c f cu / c
If qp > qcup , Increase d
CE 402: Foundation Engineering Design

A1

d/2
b
d/2

d/2

Design of Spread Footing

Footing Reinforcement:
MI
As1
fy *d * j

G.S

As 2

M II
fy *d * j

Main RFT
As2
t1

Main RFT
As1
A1

Notes:
Minimum number of bars per meter is five.
Minimum diameter for main RFT is 12mm.
Number of bars may be taken 5 to 8.

Diameter of bars may be selected from 12 to 18mm.

CE 402: Foundation Engineering Design

Design of Eccentric Footing

Example(1):
Make a complete design for a footing supporting a 30cm X 60cm
column load of 120t at ground surface (G.S.), 20m.t moment
and 10t horizontal force at G.S. The foundation level is 2.00 m
below G.S. and the net allowable bearing capacity is 0.80kg/cm2.
Make the design considering the following two cases:
1- with plain concrete base
2- without Plain concrete base
a = 0.60m.

B= 0.30m

fcu = 250kg/cm2.

pG.S = 120t

M=20m.t H=10t

fy =3600kg/cm2

qa = 0.80kg/cm2 = 8t/m2.
CE 402: Foundation Engineering Design

Design of Eccentric Footing

Plain concrete footing (P.C.)
M

1.50 * PG.S 1.50 *120

Area A * B

22.5m 2
qa
8

Assume

PG.S
H=10

G.S

A Area 4.75 5.00m

t1

M F .L 20 10 * 2.00 40m.t

PF .L 1.15 * PG.s 1.15 *120 138t

e

M F .L 40

0.290
PF .L 138

qmax

2.00

PF.L

qmin

A 5
0.833
6 6

138
6 * 0.290
(1
)8
5* B
5.00

Assume thickness of P.C.:

t = 0.30
CE 402: Foundation Engineering Design

qmax

A1
A

B 4.65m

Dim. of P.C. = 5.00* 4.65 * 0.30

Design of Eccentric Footing

Reinforced concrete footing (R.C.)
X t 0.30m
A1 A 2 X 5.00 2 * 0.30 4.40m
0.60

B1 B 2 X 4.65 2 * 0.30 4.05m

e1

M 1 20 10 *1.70

0.308m
PG.S
120

f1, 2

1.50 *120
6 * 0.308
(1
) 14.34 5.85
4.40 * 4.05
4.40

PG.S
G.S
1.90

4.4 0.60 2
4.4 0.6 2 2
M I 10.67(
) / 2 (14.34 10.67)(
) * 47.36
2
2
3

14.34 5.85
4.05 0.30 2
M II (
)*(
) 35.33
2
2
d 5

47.36 *10
100 * 250

68.8 70cm

t1 70 5 75cm
CE 402: Foundation Engineering Design

t1

F2=5.85
F1=14.34

F3=10.67
A1=4.40

Dim. of R.C. = 4.40 * 4.05* 0.75

Design of Spread Footing

Shear Stress:
f 4 5.85
Qs ( II )

PG.S

(11.84 5.85)
* (1.90 0.60 0.6) 11.84
4.40

0.60
G.S

(14.34 11.84)
* (1.90 0.70) 15.71
2

(II)

1.90

t1

Qs ( III )
qs

(14.34 5.85) 4.05 0.3

*(
0.70) 11.86
2
2

15.71*1000
2.24kg / cm 2 9.68
100 * 70

f2=5.85
f4=11.84

f1=14.34
(II)

A1=4.40

If qs > qsu , Increase d

Notes:
No shear RFT in Footing.
CE 402: Foundation Engineering Design

Qs: shear force at critical sec. (II).

qs: shear stress.
qsu: ultimate shear strength.

Design of Spread Footing

PG.S

Punching Stress:

a
G.S

Q p 1.50 *120

(14.34 5.85)
[(0.60 0.70) * (0.30 0.70)] 166.88
2
t1

Ap 0.70 * 2 *[(0.60 0.70) (0.30 .70)] 3.22

f2
f1

qp

Qp
Ap

qp

166.88 *1000
5.18
3.22 *104

qcup 0.5 (a / b ) f cu / c f cu / c

If qp > qcup , Increase d

CE 402: Foundation Engineering Design

A1
d/2

d/2
b
d/2

d/2

Design of Spread Footing

Footing Reinforcement:
0.60

47.36 *105
As1
22.75
3600 * 70 * 0.826
G.S

As 2

35.33 *10
16.97
3600 * 70 * 0.826

Main RFT
618/m
Main RFT
818/m

0.75
4.40

Notes:
Minimum number of bars per meter is five.
Minimum diameter for main RFT is 12mm.
Number of bars may be taken 5 to 8.

Diameter of bars may be selected from 12 to 18mm.

CE 402: Foundation Engineering Design

Crane Footing
Maximum stress on soil should be less than allowable bearing capacity

f max qa
The ratio between maximum and minimum stresses should be less
than four

f max
4
f min

A 10e
CE 402: Foundation Engineering Design

f max (1 6e / A)

4
f min (1 6e / A)

Uniform Stress
below Footing Subjected to Moment
Uniform stress required that the eccentricity at foundation level equal

zero

e 0.0
A
a
c e
2
2
1.15PG.S
A* B
qa

M F .L
0.0
PG.s.

a/2

PG.S
M

G.S

A
PF.L
A

CE 402: Foundation Engineering Design

qa