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Shipping
What is a ship?
A ship is any large floating vessel capable of crossing open waters, as opposed to a
boat,
which is generally a smaller craft.
2. How do you define a boat in comparison with a ship?
The term formerly was applied to sailing vessels having three or more masts; in
modern times it usually
demotes a vessel of more than 500 tone of displacement. Submersible ships are
generally called boats
regardless of their size.
3. What is shipping?
Shipping is a highly competitive industry serving the needs of international trade.
4. What are the three basic ways merchant ships operate?
They can operate in the following three basic ways: liners, tramps and specialized
vessels.
5. Name two characteristics of a liner?
Liners are employed on regular routes on a fixed timetable. A list of their arrival
and departure
dates is published in advance and they sail whether full or not.
6. How are liners classified?
They can be classed as either deep-sea liners, which carry mainly containerized
cargo across the oceans of the world or short-sea liners, which carry
containerized and conventional cargo on shorter routes.
7. Name two characteristics of a tramp?
These vessels do not sail on regular routes or keep to a fixed timetable, but are
employed where there is cargo for them to carry.
8. How are tramps classified?
Tramps can be classed as deep-sea tramps or short-sea tramps.
9. What class are ferries included in?
Ferries are also classed as liners.
There are several types of specialized vessels and the most common are oil
tankers.
Navele militare sunt impartite in fuctie de forma si marime. Trebuie sa fie in buna
stare pentru navigatie, manevrabile si sa aiba viteza mare. Unele dintre ele sunt:
portavion, nava amfibie, corveta, nava de expediere, distrugator, escortor, nava de
alimentare, fregata, nava de supraveghere, nava de debarcare, vanator de mine,
puitor de mine, dragor de mine, nava de patrulare, submarin, petrolier logistic.
Service Vessels
Navele speciale sau navele auxiliare sunt acele nave ce lucreaza dealungul
porturilor si canalelor proiectate pentru a face treburi speciale pentru a ajuta navele
si transportul. Cele mai importante sunt: remorcherele, dragele, spargatoarele de
gheata, navele tip far, barcile de salvare si pilotinele.
a.Navele speciale sunt remorcherele si navele de remorcare a caror functie
principala este sa ofere putere de propulsive altor nave. Majoritatea sunt utilizate in
porturi si ape interioare, si, pentru ca singura greutate semnificativa pe care trebuie
sa o care este instalatia de propulsie si o cantitate limitata de combustibil, ele sunt
mici ca si marime. Tractarea platformelor de foraj pentru industria petroliera si
operatiunile ocazionale pe ocean (ex: tractarea unei nave scoase din uz) necesita o
nava mai mare si mai capabila sa navige decat majoritatea navelor din port, dar
remorcherele de larg si navele de tractare sunt mici ca numar si ca marime
comparative cu numarul mare de nave de marfa. Ele sunt impartite in patru
categorii: remorchere de rau, remorchere de port, remorchere de coasta si
remorchere de larg. Caracteristicile unui remorcher sunt stabilitatea,
manevrabilitatea si puterea. Lungimea unui remorcher este de pana la 60 m, iar
navele au pana la 3000 CP.