TIU CHUN QUC GIA

TCVN 9377-1:2012
CNG TC HON THIN TRONG XY DNG - THI CNG V NGHIM THU PHN 1: CNG TC LT V LNG TRONG XY DNG
Finish works in construction - Execution and acceptance - Part 1: Paving and Smoothing
works
Li ni u
TCVN 9377-1:2012 c chuyn i t TCXDVN 303:2004 phn 1 thnh Tiu chun Quc gia theo quy nh ti
khon 1 iu 69 ca Lut Tiu chun v Quy chun k thut v im b khon 2 iu 7 Ngh nh s 127/2007/NCP ngy 01/8/2007 ca Chnh ph quy nh chi tit thi hnh mt s iu ca Lut Tiu chun v Quy chun k
thut.
TCVN 9377-1:2012 do Vin Khoa hc Cng ngh Xy dng - B Xy dng bin son, B Xy dng ngh, Tng
cc Tiu chun o lng Cht lng thm nh, B Khoa hc v Cng ngh cng b.

1. Phm vi p dng
Tiu chun ny quy nh cc yu cu k thut chnh v hng dn trnh t thi cng, kim tra
v nghim thu cht lng cng tc lt v lng trong cc cng trnh xy dng dn dng v cng
nghip.
2. Ti liu vin dn
Cc ti liu vin dn sau l cn thit cho vic p dng tiu chun ny. i vi cc ti liu vin
dn ghi nm cng b th p dng phin bn c nu. i vi cc ti liu vin dn khng ghi
nm cng b th p dng phin bn mi nht, bao gm c cc sa i, b sung (nu c).
TCVN 1450:2009, Gch rng t st nung.
TCVN 1451:1998, Gch c t st nung.
TCVN 4314:2003, Va xy dng. Yu cu k thut.
TCVN 4732:2007, p lt t nhin.
TCVN 6065:1995, Gch xi mng lt nn.
TCVN 6074:1995, Gch lt granito.
TCVN 6476:1999, Gch b tng t chn.
TCVN 7745:2007, Gch gm p lt bn p kh. Yu cu k thut
TCVN 7960:2008, Vn sn g. Yu cu k thut.
3. Thut ng v nh ngha
3.1
Vt liu lt (Paving material)
Gch lt v tm lt.

3.2
Gch lt (Paving brick)
Gch xi mng, gch t nung, gch ceramic, gch granit, t nhin, nhn to dng lt.
3.3
Lp nn (Basal layer)
Lp nm ngay di lp lt hoc lng.
3.4
Mt lt (Paving surface)
B mt lp lt sau khi hon thin.
3.5
Mt lng (Smoothing surface)
B mt lp lng sau khi hon thin.
3.6
Vt liu gn kt (Material for adhesives)
Vt liu dng gn kt vt liu lt vi lp nn.
3.7
Mch lt (Joint)
Khong cch gia cc vin gch lt hoc tm lt k nhau.
3.8
Cht lm y mch (Sealant)
Vt liu lin kt lm y mch lt.
4. Cng tc lt
4.1 Yu cu k thut
4.1.1 Vt liu
4.1.1.1 Gch lt, tm lt phi t yu cu k thut v cht lng, chng loi, kch thc, mu
sc.
4.1.1.2 Vt liu gn kt phi m bo cht lng, nu thit k khng quy nh th thc hin theo
yu cu ca nh sn xut vt liu lt.
4.1.2 Lp nn
4.1.2.1 Mt lp nn phi m bo phng, chc chn, n nh, c bm dnh vi vt liu gn kt
v c lm sch tp cht.
4.1.2.2 Cao lp nn ph hp vi vt liu lt ph bn trn. dc ca lp nn theo yu cu k
thut.

4.1.2.3 Vi vt liu gn kt l keo, nha hoc tm lt t trc tip ln lp nn th mt lp nn

phi m bo tha mn yu cu nu trong Bng 1 ca tiu chun ny.
4.1.2.4 Trc khi lt phi kim tra v nghim thu lp nn v cc b phn b che khut (chi tit
chn sn, chng thm, h thng k thut v.v).
4.1.3 Cht lng lp lt
4.1.3.1 Mt lt phi m bo cc yu cu v cao, phng, dc, dnh kt vi lp nn,
chiu dy vt liu gn kt, b rng mch lt, mu sc, hoa vn, hnh dng trang tr
4.1.3.2 Nu mt lt l cc vin thin nhin, nn chn cc vin k nhau c mu sc v
ng vn hi ha.
4.1.3.3 Vi gch lt dng va lm vt liu gn kt th va phi c tri u trn lp nn m
bo gia vin gch lt v lp nn c lt y va.
4.1.3.4 Mt lt ca tm sn g khng c c vt nt, cong vnh. Mt lt ca tm lt mm khng
c phng rp, nhn nheo.
4.1.3.5 Vi cc vin lt phi ct, vic ct v mi cc cnh phi bo m ng ct gn v mch
ghp phng, u.
4.1.3.6 Mch gia cc vin gch lt v gia gch lt vi tng phi c lp y cht lm y
mch.
4.1.3.7 Dung sai trn mt lt khng vt qu cc gi tr yu cu trong Bng 1 v Bng 2.
Bng 1 - Dung sai cho php
Loi vt liu lt

Khe h vi thc
3m

Dung sai cao

Dung sai
dc

Gch xy t st nung

5 mm

2 cm

0,5 %

Gch lt t st nung

4 mm

2 cm

0,5 %

t nhin khng mi
mt

3 mm

2 cm

0,5 %

Gch lt xi mng, granito,

ceramic, granite, nhn
to

3 mm

1 cm

0,3 %

Cc loi tm lt nh hnh

3 mm

1 cm

0,3 %

Bng 2 - Chnh lch cao gia hai mp vt liu lt

Loi vt liu lt

Chnh lch cao

Gch xy t st nung

3,0 mm

Gch lt t st nung

3,0 mm

t nhin khng mi mt

3,0 mm

Gch lt xi mng, granito, ceramic, granite,

nhn to

0,5 mm

Cc loi tm lt nh hnh

0,5 mm

4.1.4 An ton lao ng khi lt

4.1.4.1 Khi lt phi tun theo cc quy nh hin hnh v an ton lao ng, an ton phng chng
chy n.
4.1.4.2 Vi vt liu lt d bt la nh: g, thm, keo dn phi c bin php phng chy trong
qu trnh thi cng.
4.1.4.3 Mi trng lm vic phi thng thong, c bin php chng nhim c do hi ca vt
liu lt, vt liu gn kt gy ra.
4.2 Quy trnh thi cng
4.2.1 Thi cng lt gch
4.2.1.1 Chun b lp nn
Dng dy cng, ni v hoc my trc c kim tra cao , phng, dc ca mt lp nn.
Gn cc mc cao lt chun, mi phng c t nht 4 mc ti 4 gc, phng c din tch ln mc
gn theo li vung, khong cch gia cc mc khng qu 3 m.
Cn nh du cc mc cao tham chiu cao hn mt lt ln tng hoc ct c cn c
thng xuyn kim tra cao mt lt.
4.2.1.2 Chun b gch lt
Gch lt phi c lm v sinh sch, khng bi bn, du m, cc cht lm gim tnh kt dnh
gia lp nn vi gch lt.
Vi gch lt c kh nng ht nc t vt liu kt dnh, gch phi c nhng nc v vt ra
ro nc trc khi lt.
Gch lt phi c nghim thu theo cc tiu chun vt liu tng ng. Trong tiu chun ny
gch lt l cc chng loi sau y:
- Gch xy t st nung TCVN 1450:2009, TCVN 1451:1998
- Gch lt gm trng men TCVN 7745:2007
- Gch lt xi mng, granito TCVN 6065:1995, TCVN 6074:1995
- Gch b tng t chn TCVN 6476:1999

- p lt t nhin v p lt nhn to c th tham kho TCVN 4732:2007, hoc theo yu cu

ca thit k.
CH THCH: i vi gch lt l da v gch lt t st nung, tham kho tiu chun hin hnh.
4.2.1.3 Chun b vt liu gn kt
Vic pha trn, s dng v bo qun vt liu gn kt phi tun theo yu cu ca loi vt liu. Vt
liu gn kt c th l va xi mng ct, va tam hp, nha polyme hoc keo dn.
Vi vt liu gn kt l va phi tun theo TCVN 4314:2003.
4.2.1.4 Dng c lt
Cn chun b y dng c cn thit cho cng tc lt nh: dao xy, bay lt, bay mit mch,
thc tm 3 m, thc rt, ba cao su, my ct gch, my mi gch, c, chi t, gi lau, ni v
hoc my trc c.
Dng c cn y v ph hp vi yu cu thi cng cho tng thao tc ngh nghip. Dng c
h hng v qu c, b mn, khng m bo chnh xc khi thi cng khng c s dng.
4.2.1.5 Tin hnh lt
Nu vt liu gn kt l va th va phi c tri u ln lp nn rng lt t 3 vin n 5
vin, sau khi lt ht cc vin ny mi tri tip cho cc vin lin k.
Nu vt liu gn kt l keo dnh th tin hnh lt tng vin mt v keo phi c pht u ln
mt gch gn kt vi nn.
Nu mt lt ngoi tri th cn phi chia khe co dn vi khong cch ti a gia hai khe co dn
l 4 m. Nu thit k khng quy nh th ly b rng khe co dn bng 2 cm, chn khe co dn bng
vt liu c kh nng n hi.
Trnh t lt nh sau: cng dy v lt cc vin gch trn ng thng ni gia cc mc gn
trn lp nn. Sau lt cc vin gch nm trong phm vi cc mc cao chun, hng lt vung
gc vi hng lt trc . Hng lt chung cho ton nh hoc cng trnh l t trong li ra
ngoi.
Trong khi lt thng xuyn dng thc tm 3 m kim tra phng ca mt lt. phng ca
mt lt c kim tra theo cc phng dc, ngang v cho. Thng xuyn kim tra cao mt
lt cn c trn cc mc cao tham chiu.
Khi lt phi ch sp xp cc vin gch ng hoa vn thit k.
4.2.1.6 Lm y mch lt
Cng tc lm y mch lt ch c tin hnh khi cc vin gch lt dnh kt vi lp nn.
Trc khi lm y mch lt, mt lt phi c v sinh sch s. Mch lm y xong, lau ngay cho
ng mch sc gn v v sinh mt lt khng cht lm y mch lt bm dnh lm bn mt
lt.
4.2.1.7 Bo dng mt lt:
Sau khi lm y mch lt khng c va chm mnh trc khi vt liu gn kt rn.
Vi mt lt ngoi tri v vt liu gn kt l va, phi c bin php che nng v chng ma xi
trong 1 ngy n 3 ngy sau khi lt.

4.2.2 Thi cng sn g

4.2.2.1 Chun b lp nn
Lp nn phi c cn b theo ng thit k. Trong trng hp tm sn g gn kt trc tip ln
gi hoc con k th cc chi tit ny phi c c nh chc chn bng vt hoc chng sn ln
sn.
B mt lp nn phi kh ro.
4.2.2.2 Chun b tm sn g
Tm sn g phi ng chng loi g, kch thc, mu sc, m theo thit k. Tm sn g c
th c hon thin b mt trc hoc sau khi lt.
Vn sn g phi c nghim thu theo TCVN 7960:2008.
4.2.2.3 Chun b vt liu gn kt
Vt liu gn kt phi ng chng loi, m bo cht lng theo thit k, nu thit k khng quy
nh th thc hin theo yu cu ca nh sn xut vt liu lt. Vi vn sn g t nhin vt liu gn
kt c th l inh hoc vt.
4.2.2.4 Dng c lt
Cn chun b y dng c cn thit cho cng tc lt nh: ba, khoan, thc tm 3 m, thc
rt, ke bo, c, ca, chi t, gi lau, ni v hoc my trc c.
Dng c y v ph hp vi yu cu thi cng cho tng thao tc ngh nghip. Dng c h
hng v qu c, b mn, khng m bo chnh xc khi thi cng khng c s dng.
4.2.2.5 Tin hnh lt
Trc khi lt tm sn g t nhin phi nh v cc v tr t con k hoc bn vt bng cch nh
du trn lp nn. Khong cch gia cc con k v inh vt ph thuc vo kch thc tm sn g.
Nu dng con k th b mt cc con k phi m bo phng, n nh. Trc khi gn kt tm sn
g vi lp nn phi tin hnh ghp mng vi cc tm lin k v phi m bo mch lt kn kht,
sau gn kt tm sn vi lp nn bng inh hoc bt vt.
Khi lt tm sn g nhn to c cc lp cu to i km vt liu tm lt phi tun th theo ng ch
nh ca nh sn xut, keo dnh phi c pht u ti cc mp tm lt, sau ghp mch lt
phi m bo kn kht.
4.2.2.6 Hon thin mt lt
Trong trng hp s dng tm sn g cha hon thin b mt th sau khi ghp xong mt sn g
phi c bo phng, no nhn sau nh giy nhp t th n mn v cui cng nh xi bng,
vc ni hoc sn.
Vi tm sn g hon thin b mt th c th nh bng hoc sn ngay sau khi lt.
4.2.2.7 Bo dng mt lt
Mt lt phi c bo v, khng i li hoc va chm trong giai on thi cng lm bong xc
mt hoc mt bng.
4.2.3 Thi cng tm lt mm

Tm lt mm c th l tm nha tng hp, thm nha dng cun, tm thm, thm dng cun.
4.2.3.1 Chun b lp nn
Lp nn phi cng, n nh, c lm phng, v sinh sch s theo ng thit k.
Trong trng hp dng keo dn hoc bng dnh dn cc tm nha hoc thm dng cun th
mt dn phi c mi phng v lm sch bi trc khi pht lp keo dn.
4.2.3.2 Chun b tm lt
Tm lt phi ng chng loi, kch thc, mu sc.
4.2.3.3 Chun b vt liu gn kt
Vt liu gn kt phi ng chng loi, m bo cht lng theo thit k, nu thit k khng quy
nh th thc hin theo yu cu ca nh sn xut vt liu lt.
Trong trng hp s dng vt liu gn kt l keo dnh th phi c bo qun v s dng theo
yu cu ca nh sn xut vt liu.
4.2.3.4 Tin hnh lt
Khi lt sn bng thm nha dng cun, keo dn nn pht ln nn theo chiu ngang ca cun
nha lt. Vic dn thc hin tng di tng ng vi kh tm lt. Dn mp cun thm ng
vo cnh chun, dng lc p mnh ln ch va dn cho tm nha dnh chc vi lp nn. Sau
ln d cun thm ra, ln n u dng tay hay ba cao su mit cho dnh vi lp nn y khng
kh v pha trc trnh phng rp do hi khng thot c. Hai tm nha dn k nhau phi song
song v ghp kn, khng cho cc mp tm chng ln nhau.
Trng hp dng inh ghim hoc np gn kt tm nha hoc thm vi lp nn th tm lt
phi c tri cng trc khi c nh bng ghim hoc np.
Khi lt sn bng tm thm hoc nha, mp hai tm lin k phi phng mp, kht. Phi ch sp
xp cho ng hoa vn.
5. Cng tc lng
5.1 Yu cu k thut
5.1.1 Vt liu
Vt liu lng phi t yu cu k thut v cht lng, mu sc.
5.1.2 Lp nn
5.1.2.1 Lp nn phi m bo phng, n nh, c bm dnh vi vt liu lng v c lm sch
tp cht. Trong trng hp lp nn c nhng v tr lm ln hn chiu dy lp lng 20 mm th
phi tin hnh b bng vt liu tng ng trc khi lng. Vi nhng v tr li ln cao hn mt
lp nn yu cu th phi tin hnh san phng trc khi lng.
5.1.2.2 Khi cn chia , khe co dn th cng vic ny phi c chun b trc khi tin hnh cng
tc lng. Nu thit k khng quy nh th 3 m n 4 m li lm mt khe co dn bng cch ct t
ngang lp lng, ly chiu rng khe co dn l 5 mm n 8 mm, khi hon thin khe co dn s c
chn bng vt liu c kh nng n hi hoc t hn gn.
5.1.2.3 Trc khi lng phi kim tra v nghim thu lp nn v cc b phn b che khut (chi tit
chn sn, chng thm, h thng k thut v.v).

5.1.3 Cht lng lp lng

5.1.3.1 Mt lng phi m bo yu cu v mu sc nh thit k.
5.1.3.2 Dung sai trn mt lng khng vt qu cc gi tr yu cu trong Bng 3.
Bng 3 - Dung sai cho php
Loi vt liu lng

Khe h vi thc 3
m

Dung sai cao

Dung sai dc

Tt c cc vt liu lng

3 mm

1 cm

0,3 %

5.1.3.3 Vi mt lng c yu cu nh mu th ty thuc vo thi tit, m v nhit khng

kh m sau khi lng xong lp va cui cng c th tin hnh nh mu. nh mu tin hnh
bng cch ri u mt lp bt xi mng hay lp mng h xi mng v dng bay hoc my xoa
nhn b mt. Vic nh mu phi kt thc trc khi vt liu lng kt thc qu trnh ng kt.
5.1.3.4 Trng hp mt lng c yu cu mi bng, qu trnh mi bng bng my c tin hnh
ng thi vi vic v cc vt lm cc b v cc vt xc gn trn b mt. Khi bt u mi phi
m bo vt liu lng cng chu mi.
5.1.3.5 Cng vic k ch thc hin sau khi hon thnh cng tc lng. ng k cn u v chiu
rng, chiu su v sc nt. Nu dng qu ln c ht chng trn cng ln ngay khi lp xi mng
mu cha rn.
5.1.4 An ton lao ng khi lng
5.1.4.1 Khi lng phi tun theo cc quy nh hin hnh v an ton lao ng, an ton phng chng
chy n.
5.1.4.2 Nu s dng my xoa b mt thc hin cng tc lng th cng nhn phi c o to
v vn hnh my trc khi thi cng. Lu an ton in v chng cc vt thi mi vng bn vo
c th.
5.2 Quy trnh thi cng
5.2.1 Chun b lp nn
Lp nn phi c chun b theo thit k, nu thit k khng quy nh th theo yu cu ca nh
sn xut vt liu lng nn. Lp nn phi m bo phng, n nh.
Lp nn phi c bm dnh, lm sch v ti m trc khi lng.
Trng hp lng bng th cng, trn mt lp nn phi gn cc mc cao lng chun vi
khong cch gia cc mc khng qu 3 m.
5.2.2 Chun b vt liu lng
Vt liu lng phi ng chng loi, cht lng, mu sc. Vic pha trn, s dng v bo qun vt
liu lng phi tun theo yu cu ca nh sn xut vt liu. Vt liu lng c th l va xi mng ct
hoc va polyme.
Vi vt liu lng l va phi tun theo TCVN 4314:2003
5.2.3 Dng c lng

Gm bay xy, bay nh bng, thc tm 3 m, thc rt, ni v hoc my trc c, bn xoa tay
hoc my xoa, bn p, ln gai.
5.2.4 Tin hnh lng
Dn u vt liu lng trn mt lp nn, cao hn mt mc cao lt chun. Dng bn xoa p
cho vt liu lng c chc v bm cht vo lp nn. Dng thc tm cn phng cho bng mt
mc. Sau dng bn xoa xoa phng.
Vi mt lng c din tch ln phi dng my xoa phng b mt. Vic xoa bng my thc hin
theo trnh t sau: dng my trc c nh v ng ray ca my xoa trn phm vi lng, iu
chnh chn my cao thch hp, cp vt liu lng vo phm vi lng, iu khin my dng qu
lu nh ln trn b mt lng v cnh xoa xoa phng.
Vi nhng mt lng trn nn b tng c yu cu nh: tng cng b mt chng mi mn, axt
phi tun theo thit k hoc yu cu k thut ca nh sn xut vt liu. Nu thit k khng ch
nh, thi cng theo trnh t: sau khi b tng nn t 1 h n 2 h ri u cht lm cng b mt.
i n khi cht lm cng se mt, dng my xoa nn xoa bng b mt. Sau khi xoa bng b mt
c th phun lp bo dng.
Trng hp lp lng cui cng bng va xi mng ct th kch thc ht ct liu ln nht khng
qu 2 mm, xoa phng mt theo dc thit k.
5.2.5 Bo dng
Khi thi tit nng nng, kh hanh sau khi lng xong 1 h n 2 h, ph ln mt lng mt lp vt
liu gi m, ti nc trong 5 ngy.
Khng i li, va chm mnh trn mt lng trong 12 h sau khi lng.
Vi mt lng ngoi tri cn c bin php che nng v chng ma xi trong mt ngy n ba
ngy sau khi lng.
6. Kim tra v nghim thu
6.1 Kim tra
6.1.1 Cng tc kim tra cht lng lt v lng cc cng trnh xy dng theo trnh t v bao gm
cc ch tiu trong Bng 4.
Bng 4 - i tng, phng php v dng c kim tra cng tc lt, lng
i tng kim tra

Phng php v dng c kim tra

B mt lp nn

o trc tip bng thc, ni v, my trc c

Vt liu lt, lng

Ly mu, th nghim theo tiu chun ca vt

liu

Vt liu gn kt

Ly mu, th nghim theo tiu chun ca vt

liu

Cao mt lt v lng

o trc tip bng thc, ni v, my trc c

phng mt lt v lng

o trc tip bng thc tm, ni v, my trc

c

 dc mt lt v lng

o bng niv, nc th hay cho ln vin

bi thp ng knh 10 mm

c chc v bm dnh gia vt

liu lt, vt liu lng vi lp nn

Dng thanh g g nh ln b mt, ting g

phi chc u mi im
Vi mt lt g hoc tm lt mm i th ln
trn

ng u v mu sc, hoa vn, cc

chi tit ng vin trang tr v bng
ca mt lng

Quan st bng mt

Cc yu cu c bit khc ca thit k

Theo ch nh ca thit k

6.1.2 Mt lt (lng) phi phng, khng gh gh, li lm cc b, sai s v cao v dc khng

vt qu cc gi tr trong Bng 1 v Bng 3.
6.1.3 Chnh lch cao gia hai mp ca vt liu lt lin k khng vt qu gi tr trong Bng
2.
6.1.4 dc v phng dc ca mt lt (lng) phi theo ng thit k, nu c ch li hoc lm
qu mc cho php th u phi c lt (lng) li.
6.1.5 bm dnh v c chc ca vt liu gn kt hoc vt liu lng vi lp nn kim tra bng
cch g nh ln b mt lt (lng) nu c ting bp th phi bc ra sa li.
Vi mt lt g i ln khng rung, khng c ting ku.
Vi tm lt mm, mt lt khng phng, khng nhn, khng cong mp, khng c biu hin trt.
6.2 Nghim thu
Nghim thu cng tc lt (lng) c tin hnh ti hin trng. H s nghim thu gm c:
- Bin bn nghim thu cht lng ca vt liu lt (lng);
- Bin bn nghim thu cht lng ca vt liu gn kt;
- Cc bin bn nghim thu lp nn;
- H s thit k hon thin hoc cc ch dn v hon thin trong h s thit k cng trnh;
- Bn v hon cng ca cng tc lt (lng);
- Nht k cng trnh.

MC LC
1 Phm vi p dng
2 Ti liu vin dn
3 Thut ng v nh ngha
4 Cng tc lt
4.1 Yu cu k thut
4.2 Quy trnh thi cng
5 Cng tc lng
5.1 Yu cu k thut
5.2 Quy trnh thi cng
6 Kim tra v nghim thu
6.1 Kim tra
6.2 Nghim thu

TIU CHUN QUC GIA

TCVN 9377-2:2012
CNG TC HON THIN TRONG XY DNG - THI CNG V NGHIM THU PHN 2: CNG TC TRT TRONG XY DNG
Finish works in construction - Execution and acceptance - Part 2: Plastering work
Li ni u
TCVN 9377-2:2012 c chuyn i t TCXDVN 303:2006 phn 2 v TCXD 159:1986 thnh
Tiu chun Quc gia theo quy nh ti khon 1 iu 69 ca Lut Tiu chun v Quy chun k
thut v im b khon 2 iu 7 Ngh nh s 127/2007/N-CP ngy 01/8/2007 ca Chnh ph
quy nh chi tit thi hnh mt s iu ca Lut Tiu chun v Quy chun k thut.
TCVN 9377-2:2012 do Vin Khoa hc Cng ngh Xy dng - B Xy dng bin son, B Xy
dng ngh, Tng cc Tiu chun o lng Cht lng thm nh, B Khoa hc v Cng ngh
cng b.
1. Phm vi p dng
Tiu chun ny quy nh cc yu cu k thut chnh v hng dn trnh t thi cng, kim tra
v nghim thu cht lng ca cng tc trt trong cc cng trnh xy dng dn dng v cng
nghip.
2. Ti liu vin dn
Cc ti liu vin dn sau l cn thit cho vic p dng tiu chun ny. i vi cc ti liu vin
dn ghi nm cng b th p dng phin bn c nu. i vi cc ti liu vin dn khng ghi
nm cng b th p dng phin bn mi nht, bao gm c cc sa i, b sung (nu c).
TCVN 3121:2003, Va xy dng - Phng php th.
TCVN 4029:1985, Xi mng - Yu cu chung v phng php th c l.
TCVN 4030:2003, Xi mng - Phng php xc nh mn.
TCVN 4031:1985, Xi mng - Phng php xc nh do tiu chun, thi gian ng kt v
tnh n nh th tch.
TCVN 4032:1985, Xi mng - Phng php xc nh gii hn bn un v nn.
TCVN 4314:2003, Va xy dng - Yu cu k thut.
TCVN 7570:2006, Ct liu cho b tng v va - Yu cu k thut.
3. Thut ng v nh ngha
3.1
Vt liu ch to va trt (Materials used for plastering mortar manufacturing)
Vt liu ch to va l cht kt dnh (xi mng, vi), ct, ht lu, bt , bt mu, cc cht to
mu, ph gia (cht chng thm, cht chng n mn) dng ch to va trt.

3.2
Nn trt (Plastering base)
Nn trt l b mt ca kt cu s c trt.
3.3
Mt trt (Plastering surface)
Mt trt l b mt lp trt.
4. Cng tc trt
4.1 Yu cu k thut
4.1.1 Cng tc trt nn tin hnh sau khi hon thnh xong vic lp t mng dy ngm v cc
chi tit c ch nh t ngm trong lp trt cho h thng in, in thoi, truyn hnh, cp my
tnh.
4.1.2 B mt nn trt cn c c ra bi bn, lm sch ru mc, ty sch du m bm dnh
4.1.3 Trc khi trt, cn chn kn cc l h ln, x l cho phng b mt nn trt.
4.1.4 Va dng trt phi la chn ph hp vi mc ch s dng ca cng trnh, thch hp vi
nn trt v lp hon thin, trang tr tip theo. Cc vt liu dng pha trn va phi m bo yu
cu k thut ca cc tiu chun hin hnh. Trng hp c thm cc cht ph gia, vic pha trn
va phi tun theo ch dn ca th nghim v quy nh ca thit k.
4.1.5 Va trt phi p ng c cc yu cu k thut ph hp vi tiu chun TCVN 4314:2003
v tiu chun TCVN 3121:2003.
4.1.6 Trong trng hp lp va trt c chc nng lm tng kh nng chu la hoc cch m, cch
nhit, vt liu s dng v quy trnh ch to va trt cn c tun th nghim ngt theo ng yu
cu ca thit k v nh cung cp.
4.1.7 Khi tin hnh trt nhiu lp trn b mt kt cu, cn la chn vt liu trt sao cho gia nn
trt, lp trt lt v lp trt hon thin c s gn kt v tng thch v dn n, co ngt.
4.1.8 Khi trt tng, trt trn vi din tch ln, nn phn thnh nhng khu vc nh hn c khe co
dn hoc phi c nhng gii php k thut trnh cho lp trt khng b nt do hin tng co
ngt.
4.1.9 Nu bn trong lp trt c cc h thng ng ng kim loi, vt chn sn, vt liu ch to
va trt phi c la chn thch hp hoc phi c bin php phng trnh sao cho khng xy ra
hin tng n mn, ph hoi.
4.1.10 Nu b mt nn trt khng nhm cho lp va trt bm dnh trn b mt, trc khi
trt phi x l to nhm bng cch phun ct, vy hoc phun h xi mng ct, c nhm hoc cc
bin php to kh nng bm dnh khc. Phi trt th mt vi ch xc nh dnh kt cn
thit trc khi tin hnh trt i tr.
4.1.11 nhng v tr tip gip gia hai kt cu bng vt liu khc nhau, trc khi trt phi c
gn mt lp li thp ph kn chiu dy mch ghp v phi trm v hai bn t nht mt on t
15 cm n 20 cm. Kch thc ca li thp khng ln hn 3 cm.

4.1.12 Ct dng ch to va trt phi c sng qua cc loi sng thch hp t c kch
thc ht ct liu ln nht (Dmax) nh hn hoc bng 2,5 mm khi trt nhm mt hoc trt cc lp
lt v (Dmax) nh hn hoc bng 1,25 mm khi trt cc lp hon thin b mt. Cht lng ca ct
tun theo TCVN 7570:2006.
4.1.13 Xi mng phi m bo cht lng theo tiu chun: TCVN 4029:1985; TCVN 4031:1985;
TCVN 4032:1985; TCVN 4030:2003
Xi mng thng dng l xi mng Poc lng c mc t PC20 n PC30.
Xi mng poc lng ph thng nht dng cho lp trt mt ngoi phi chn cng mt l sn xut
cho mt mt trt m bo ng u mu sc ca cng trnh.
CH THCH: Tham kho cc yu cu k thut trong tiu chun hin hnh i vi xi mng trng.
4.1.14 dng lm ct liu trong lp mt trt ngoi l ht p t thin nhin (canxit,
lmit), si ht p t cui v si dng trong xy dng. Ty theo ngun gc to thnh v
thnh phn ha hc m c mu sc khc nhau nh trng, xm, en
4.1.15 Chn thi cng trt trang tr ph thuc vo quy nh ca thit k, phng php thi
cng v v tr ti cng trnh. Ph thuc vo yu cu thm m v trang tr, thng dng c c
ht tng i ng u dng ht lu c kch thc v mu sc khc nhau theo yu cu c th
ca thit k.
c phn loi theo kch thc ht nh ghi trong Bng 1.
Bng 1 - Phn loi trang tr theo kch thc ht
Loi s

Kch thc

Tn gi

mm

T 10 n 12

T 8 n 10

T 5 n 8

ht ng

T 3 n 5

ht go

T 2 n 3

ht tm

4.1.16 ht phi sch, khng ln tp cht v phi c bo qun tt, trnh bi bn, bin mu.
Ht c kch thc ln nht khng c vt qu 2/3 b dy ca lp trt mt ngoi.
4.1.17 Bt s dng nhm tit kim xi mng v iu chnh cng ca lp va trt mt ngoi
cho ph hp vi yu cu thit k.
Bt l sn phm thu c trong qu trnh sn xut xay nghin .
Bt phi m bo cc yu cu nh sau:
a) Nh, mn (lt ht qua mt sng 0,3 mm);
b) Sch, khng c tp cht, khng vn cc;
c) C mu trng (nu dng vi xi mng trng phi c trng tng ng).

4.1.18 Bt mu c ngun gc t cc khong cht v c, hu c, oxt kim loi, mui kim loi
Bt mu phi m bo cc yu cu:
a) C bn kim, bn axt, khng thay i mu khi tip xc vi vi, xi mng, thch cao, khng
c hi vi ngi v lm gim cng ca va;
b) Khng bin mu, mt mu di tc dng ca nh sng mt tri cng nh tip xc vi mi
trng s dng.
4.2 Thi cng trt
4.2.1 Nu b mt nn trt kh, cn phun nc lm m trc khi trt.
4.2.2 Trng hp c yu cu v phng, cc chi tit, ng cong vi chnh xc v cht
lng cao, trc khi trt phi gn ln b mt kt cu cc im mc nh v hay trt lm mc
chun ti mt s v tr.
4.2.3 Chiu dy lp va trt ph thuc vo yu cu thm m, phng ca nn trt, loi kt cu,
loi va s dng v phng php thi cng trt.
4.2.4 Chiu dy lp trt trn nn trt dy t 10 mm n 12 mm, nu trt dy hn phi c bin
php chng l bng cch trt trn li thp hoc trt thnh nhiu lp mng.
4.2.5 i vi trt tng, chiu dy khi trt phng thng thng khng nn vt qu 12 mm, khi
trt vi yu cu cht lng cao khng qu 15 mm v khi trt vi yu cu cht lng trt c bit
cao khng qu 20 mm.
4.2.6 Chiu dy mi lp trt khng c vt qu 8 mm. Khi trt dy hn 8 mm, phi trt thnh
hai hoc nhiu lp. Trong trng hp s dng va vi hoc va tam hp, chiu dy mi lp trt
bt buc phi nm trong khong t 5 mm n 8 mm.
Khi trt nhiu lp, nn k mt trt thnh cc qu trm tng bm dnh cho cc lp trt tip
theo. trm c cnh khong 60 mm, vch su t 2 mm n 3 mm. Khi lp trt trc se mt mi
trt tip lp sau. Nu mt lp trt trc qu kh th phi phun nc lm m trc khi trt tip.
4.2.7 nhng ni thng xuyn m t nh khu v sinh, phng tm ra, nh bp khi trt phi
dng va xi mng ct c mc ln hn hoc bng M7,5 hoc va c kh nng chng thm tng
cng kh nng chng thm v tng bm dnh gia cc lp trt.
4.2.8 Trong iu kin thi tit nng nng hoc kh hanh, sau khi trt 24 h nn tin hnh phun m
bo dng v phng trnh hin tng rn nt trn mt trt.
4.2.9 Khi trt cc lp trt c bit trn b mt kt cu nh trt sn; trt l si, trt mi, trt ra,
trt bm (trt trang tr), chiu dy lp trt lt to phng mt khng c vt qu 12 mm, chiu
dy ca lp trt hon thin b mt khng c nh hn 5 mm. Lp trt mt ngoi c 5 cch x l
to b mt to thnh 5 loi trt trang tr khc nhau l:
- Trt sn (trt gai);
- Trt l si;
- Trt mi (granit);
- Trt ra (granit);
- Trt bm (granitin).

4.2.9.1 Vt liu dng trt trang tr phi c cn ong theo khi lng hoc th tch. Mc
va v thnh phn liu lng pha trn vt liu phi tun theo yu cu ca thit k.
4.2.9.2 Khi thit k khng quy nh mc va hoc thnh phn liu lng pha trn vt liu, c th
cn c vo thnh phn liu lng pha trn theo Bng 2 v Bng 3.
Bng 2 - Liu lng pha trn vt liu trt
Tn lp trt

T l pha trn theo khi lng

Lp trt lt

Xi mng
1
=
Ct
0.3

Lp trt mt ngoi sn

Xi mng + Bt + Bt mu
1
= 1.1 n 1.2
ht

Tng

Xi mng + Bt + Bt mu
1
=
ht
1.1 n 1.5

G ch, lan can

Xi mng + Bt + Bt mu
1
=
ht
1

CH THCH : Xi mng l xi mng poc lng P200 n P300

Bng 3 - Liu lng pha trn hn hp xi mng, bt , bt mu
Tn hn hp
1. Hn hp xi mng v bt

T l pha trn theo khi lng

Xi mng
1
1
=
n
Bt
0.3
0.6 Error! Bookmark not
defined.

2. Bt mu pha trn vi hn hp xi
mng v bt
a) i vi bt mu c cht lng
cao

Xi mng + bt
1
= 0.3 nh hn hoc bng
Bt mu
1
0.06

b) i vi bt mu c cht lng
thp

Xi mng + bt
1
nh
hn
hoc
bng
Bt mu
0.2

CH THCH : Xi mng l xi mng poc lng P200 n P300

4.2.9.3 Xi mng, bt , bt mu sau khi cn ng t l trn, c trn u vi nhau v cho lt
qua sng c mt sng 1 mm dng ngay hoc ng vo bao dng trong vi ngy.
4.2.9.4 Lng vt liu chun b cho thi cng, lng va trn phi tnh ton sao cho va thi
cng gn mt khi lng, m bo mu sc ng u, hi ha ph hp vi khi lng ca b
phn cng trnh v s lng cng nhn thi cng.
4.2.9.5 Trn va trt mt ngoi bng th cng:
- Cn v hn hp xi mng, bt v bt mu cho tng m trn;

- ht ln sn trn, dng xng v cao quay vng dn mng ; sau hn hp xi mng,

bt v bt mu ln trn, trn kh u;
- Dng bnh hng sen ti nc t t ln hn hp va, va ti va o u. Dng xng xc
trn lt p va lin tc gn vo gia, trnh v nc xi mng chy ra ngoi. Trn v o t 6
n 6 ln l t yu cu.
4.2.9.6 Va trn xong c lu ng t 0 cm n 3 cm. Kinh nghim th n gin trong thi
cng hin trng c th lm nh sau: Va trn xong, nm vo lng bn tay (khng qu lng
cng khng qu cht), khi xe bn tay ra m va vn khng ri rc, khng st chy l t yu
cu.
Ngoi cc im trn, cn tun th cc yu cu k thut chnh sau:
4.2.9.7 Trt sn (trt gai): Khi to mt trt nhm c th dng bm phun hoc thit b chuyn
dng phun va bm vo b mt trt hoc dng chi vy nhiu ln, khi lp u se kh mi vy
tip lp sau. Va vy phi bm v ph u trn mt trt.
4.2.9.8 Trt l si: Mt trt l si c trt bng va xi mng ct c ln si hay c c ht
khong t 5 mm n 10 mm. Chiu dy trt khng vt qu 20 mm, khi trt phi xoa v v
nhiu ln mt trt c chc c. Khi va ng rn sau lc trt khong t 4 h n 5 h (ph
thuc vo thi tit v m khng kh) th tin hnh nh sch lp va ngoi l si, .
4.2.9.9 Trt mi: Trc ht phi lm lp trt lt to phng mt trt bng va xi mng ct vng
mc ln hn hoc bng M7,5. Chiu dy lp lt t 10 mm n 15 mm. Vch trm bng mi
bay ln lp lt ny v ch cho kh. Tip theo tin hnh trt lp trt hon thin trn lp trt lt.
Thnh phn vt liu ca lp trt hon thin gm hn hp xi mng trng, bt mn, bt mu v
ht c kch c t 5 mm n 8 mm.
Quy trnh thao tc trt mi c tin hnh nh sau:
- Bc 1: Thi cng trt
Trn bt vi xi mng trng ri trn tip vi bt mu. Khi la chn xong mu ca bt hn
hp ny cho ht vo trn u theo quy nh ca thit k. Nu khng c ch nh c th c th
trn vi t l 1:1:2 (xi mng : bt : ). Cho nc vo v trn n khi thu c va do. Trt
va ln b mt lp trt lt sau dng bn xoa xt mnh ln mt trt v lm cho phng mt. Tip
tc v nh ln lp va trt cho lp trt c chc c.
- Bc 2: Mi b mt trt
Sau khi lp trt ng rn t nht 24 h, c th mi b mt trt bng phng php mi th cng
hoc mi bng my sau 72 h. u tin dng mi th mi cho l v phng mt, sau
dng cc loi mi khc mi mn b mt. Khi mi phi nh nc cho tri lp bt xi
mng. Trong qu trnh mi, b mt trt c th b st, lm do bong ht . sa cha, ly hn
hp xi mng, bt v bt mu xoa ln mt va mi cho ht lm. Ch 3 ngy n 4 ngy sau
mi li bng mn.
4.2.9.10 Trt ra: Cc cng vic chun b v thi cng mt trt cng tin hnh nh trt mi bao
gm trt lp lt, ch to va trt v thi cng trt. Khi va trt ng rn sau khong 2 h n 3 h
th tin hnh ra bng nc sch. nh nc ln b mt trt v dng chi mn c n khi l
u v khng c vt bn. Sau khi ra, mt trt phi c bo qun cn thn, trnh b va p
v lm bn.

4.2.9.11 Trt bm: Trnh t cng vic v ch to hn hp va cng c tin hnh nh trt mi,
trt ra. Sau khi hon thnh mt trt khong t 6 ngy n 7 ngy, tin hnh bm. Trc khi bm
cn k cc ng vin, g, mch trang tr theo thit k v bm trn b mt gii hn bi cc
ng k .
Dng c bm l ba u nhn hoc cc dng c chuyn dng, chiu bm phi vung gc vi
mt trt v tht u tay l cc ht v ng nht mu sc.
4.2.10 sai lch cho php ca b mt trt khng c vt qu cc quy nh ghi trong Bng 4.
5. Kim tra v nghim thu
5.1 Kim tra
5.1.1 Cng tc kim tra cht lng trt tin hnh theo trnh t thi cng v bao gm cc ch tiu
chnh nh sau:
- phng mt trt;
- c chc v bm dnh ca lp trt vi nn trt. Va dng trt lt v trt mt ngoi phi m
bo cng thit k quy nh v thc hin nh 4.1.5 v 4.2.9.1;
- Cc yu cu c bit khc ca thit k.
5.1.2 Mt trt phi tha mn cc yu cu:
- Lp va trt phi dnh chc vi kt cu, khng b bong rp. Kim tra bm dnh thc hin
bng cch g nh ln mt trt. Tt c nhng ch bp phi ph ra trt li;
- Mt trt phng, khng g gh cc b;
- B mt va trt khng c c vt rn chn chim, khng c vt va chy, vt hn ca dng c
trt, vt li lm, khng c cc khuyt tt gc cnh, g chn tng, g chn ca, ch tip gip
vi cc v tr t thit b, in v sinh thot nc;
- Cc ng g cnh ca tng phi thng, sc nt. Cc ng vung gc phi kim tra bng
thc vung. Cc cnh ca s, ca i phi song song nhau. Mt trn ca b ca c dc theo
thit k. Lp va trt phi chn su vo di np khun ca t nht l 10 mm;
- Dung sai ca mt trt khng vt qu cc quy nh trong Bng 4.
Bng 4 - Dung sai cho php ca b mt trt
Tn cc mt
trt hay cc
chi tit

Tr s sai lch mt trt

Trt bnh
thng

Trt cht lng

cao

khng bng
phng kim tra
bng thc di
2m

S ch li lm
khng qu 3 mm,
su vt lm
nh hn 5 mm

sai lch
theo phng
thng ng ca
mt tng v

Nh hn 15 mm
Nh hn 2 mm trn
sut chiu di hay 1 m di chiu cao
chiu rng phng hay chiu rng v
10 mm trn ton

Trt cht lng rt cao

S ch li lm
S ch li lm khng
khng qu 2 mm, qu 2 mm, su vt
su vt lm nh hn lm nh hn 2 mm
3 mm
Nh hn 2 mm trn 1 m
chiu cao hay chiu di
v nh hn 5 mm trn
sut chiu cao hay chiu

trn nh

chiu cao hay chiu

rng phng

di phng

ng nghing Nh hn 10 mm
ca ng g
trn sut chiu
mp ct
cao kt cu

Nh hn 2 mm trn
1 m chiu cao v 5
mm trn ton chiu
cao kt cu

Nh hn 1 mm trn 1 m
chiu cao v 3 mm trn
ton b chiu cao kt
cu.
5 mm

sai lch bn
knh ca cc
phng ln
cong

10 mm

7 mm

sai lch b
ca s, ca i,
ct tr, phn
tng nh ra so
vi phng
ngang v
phng thng
ng

Nh hn hoc
bng 3 mm trn 1
m di v 10 mm
trn ton b chiu
di cu kin

Nh hn hoc bng
1 mm trn 1 m di
v 3 mm trn ton
b chiu di cu
kin

Nh hn hoc bng 0,5

mm trn 1 m di v 1
mm trn ton b chiu
di cu kin

Sai s chiu
dy lp trt so
vi thit k

Nh hn hoc
bng 3 mm

Nh hn hoc bng
1 mm

Nh hn hoc bng 1
mm

5.2 Nghim thu

Nghim thu cng tc trt c tin hnh ti hin trng. H s nghim thu gm:
- Cc kt qu th nghim vt liu ly ti hin trng.
- Bin bn nghim thu vt liu trt trc khi s dng vo cng trnh;
- H s thit k, cc ch dn k thut ca nh sn xut, cung cp vt liu;
- Cc bin bn nghim thu cng vic hon thnh;
- Nht k cng trnh.
Ph lc A
(Tham kho)
Nguyn nhn nh hng ti cht lng trang tr
A.1 Mu sc mt trang tr khng u, khng sng mt do cc nguyn nhn:
a) Trn xi mng, bt v bt mu vi ht khng u;
b) Mt trt ch dy, ch tha do khi vo khng tt, do tay ngh non hoc khng ng k
thut. Mt trt c hin tng b x, b chy, b dp do s dnh kt khng tt, do va nho qu
hoc khng ng nht;

c) Trt khng u tay, lc mnh lc nh, khng lin tc. Xoa v mt cho ni u khng ng
thi im; hoc sm qu ( b chm su) hoc mun qu (ht b bong ht ra);
d) S dng vt liu khng ng nht cho mt khi lng cng vic: nhiu loi xi mng khc
nhau, bt mu khc nhau;
e) Dng c khng tt v khng ph hp vi cng vic c bit l bn xoa thp trt v xoa v
mt , bn chi mm lm ra, mi lm mi Bn xoa v bay bng thp cht
lng xu c th lm thi mu r st ra mt ;
f) Mt ra b "mc" do ra khng sch nc xi mng trn mt ht . Mt mi khng bng
do va trt khng m bo cng , mi sm hoc mi cha k, cht lng sp khng tt hoc
thi gian nh bng cha ;
g) Va ca lp trt ngoi khng cng rt nhanh b ru mc trong qu trnh s dng sau
ny lm hng mt trt trang tr.
A.2 Mt trt khng phng, nhng ch gc cnh, cc mi tip gip, b ca, g tng, cc mch
ngng thi cng khng kho v khng lin tc.
A.3 Kch thc hnh hc sai do o c khng chnh xc v v tr, cao , bnh . Cc thanh np
(ng, knh nha) t khng chnh xc hoc b x dch khng ng v tr thit k. Cc ng
ch lm ca ra b st m, khng thng hng.
Ph lc B
(Tham kho)
Mt s dng c thi cng trt trang tr
A. Dng c ph thng:
- Thc mt chia n mm;
- Niv (g hoc kim loi);
- Thc tm di 2 m;
- Qu di t 0,2 kg n 0,5 kg;
- Bn xoa bng g, bn xoa bng thp;
- Bay trt (Bn t lt);
- Xng xc trn va;
- Co trn va;
- Sng vt liu cc loi;
- Thng nc hng sen;
- Cn (chnh xc n 0,1 kg);
- X ng nc;
- R, st ra ;
- My trn va.

B. Dng c c bit:
a) Thi cng ra:
- Bn xoa thp;
- Bn chi lng nga;
- Go nc;
- Ba gai.
b) Thi cng mi:
- Bn xoa thp;
- mi cc loi;
- N dy t 2 cm n 3 cm;
- My mi.
Ph lc C
(Tham kho)
M dng lm lt trang tr ( pha Bc)
Bng C.1 - Mt s m dng lm trang tr ( pha Bc)
Tn

Tn a phng c

Mu sc

trng

Nam H

Trng c

trng

Lo Cai

Trng xanh

trng

H Ty

Trng vi

trng

Thi Nguyn

Trng xanh cm thch

hoa o

Chng M H Ty

Mu hoa o

cm vn

Thanh Ha

Mn chn

son

H Ty

Son

vng

Thanh Ha

Vng

xanh

Sn La

Xanh

xanh

Ngh An

Xanh xm

xanh Ha Php

H Sn Bnh

Vn xm trng

en ni nhi

Thanh Ha

en

ni lin

Thanh Ha

Vn en xm

Ph lc D
(Tham kho)
Ch to sp nh bng
D.1 Thnh phn
a) Sp 10 kg (sp ong hoc nn);
b) t sng thng 10 kg;
c) Va d lin y t 4 % (khi lng sp v t sng thng).
D.2 Cch pha ch
un nng chy sp, sau ha t sng thng vo. Nu va d lin y t, un chy sp, b ra khi
bp, ha va d lin vo, sau cho t sng thng quy u; thnh tng bnh hoc thi dng
dn.
Ph lc E
(Tham kho)
Liu lng pha trn va trt
Bng E.1 - Liu lng pha trn va trt bm
n v tnh l kilogam cho mt mt vung
Vt liu

Trt dy 10 mm

Trt dy 15 mm

ht

14,000

16,500

Bt

7,000

9,500

Xi mng trng

7,500

9,500

Bt mu

0,100

0,105

Bng E.2 - Liu lng va trt mi dng lng nn, sn, cu thang
n v tnh l kilogam cho mt mt vung
Vt liu

Nn, sn

Cu thang

trng

12,000

16,500

Bt

5,600

9,500

Bt mu

0,070

0,105

Xi mng trng

5,600

9,500

MC LC
1 Phm vi p dng
2 Tiu chun vin dn
3 Thut ng v nh ngha
4 Cng tc trt
5 Kim tra v nghim thu
Ph lc A. Nguyn nhn nh hng ti cht lng trang tr
Ph lc B. Mt s dng c thi cng trt trang tr
Ph lc C. M dng lm lt trang tr ( pha Bc)
Ph lc D. Ch to sp nh bng
Ph lc E. Liu lng pha trn va trt