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Foamed Asphalt Mix PDF
Foamed Asphalt Mix PDF
PRESENTED BY
ARINDAM DEY & PRADIPTA KUNDU
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
BITUMEN PROPERTIES
AGGREGATE PROPERTIES
MOISTURE CONDITIONS
CURING CONDITIONS
TEMPARATURE CONDITIONS
ENGINEERING PROPERTIES
BITUMEN PROPERTIES
Foamed bitumen is
characterised by ::
FOAMING POTENTIAL
GRADE OF BITUMEN
AGGREGATE PROPERTY
MOISTURE CONDITION
Moisture softens and breakdowns agglomerations in the aggregates to
aid bitumen dispersion
Insufficient water reduces the workability of the mix & results in
inadequate dispersion of the binder
Excess water lengthens the curing time, reduces the strength and
density of the compacted mix
OMC depends on the optimisation of the mix properties (strength,
density, water absorption & swelling)
OMC lies at the fluff point of the aggregate i.e., the MC at which the
aggregates have maximum loose bulk volume (Mobil Oil, Australia)
Best compactive moisture condition occurs when the total fluid
content (moisture + bitumen) OMC (Castedo Franco & Wood, 1983)
Higher the bitumen content, lower the compaction moisture content
CURING CONDITIONS
TEMPERATURE CONDITIONS
Optimum mixing temperature of the aggregates lies in the range of (13-23)C, depending on the
type of aggregate
Temperature below this range result in poor quality mixes (Bowering & Martin, 1976)
ENGINEERING PROPERTIES
Most common method to select the design binder content is to optimise the Marshall stability &
minimise the loss in stability under soaked moisture condition
The different engineering properties which affect the foamed asphalt mix design are ::
MOISTURE SUSCEPTIBILITY
TEMPERATURE SUSCEPTIBLITY
UNCONFINED COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
TENSILE STRENGTH
STIFFNESS RESILIENT MODULUS
ABRASION RESISTANCE
DENSITY AND VOLUMETRICS
FATIGUE RESISTANCE
MOISTURE SUSCEPTIBILITY
Strength characteristics of foamed asphalt are highly moisture
dependant, due to relatively low binder and high cement contents
Additives such as lime, cement etc reduce the moisture susceptibility of
the mix (Castedo Franco et al, 1983)
Higher bitumen content reduce moisture susceptibility as higher
densities are achievable, leading to lower permeabilities, lower void
contents, and increased coating of the moisture sensitive fines with
binder
TEMPERATURE SUSCEPTIBILITY
Both the tensile strength and modulus decrease with the temperature
Coarse aggregates are not affected by higher temperatures
Stability and viscosity of the bitumen fines decrease with increasing
temperatures, resulting in loss of strength
ABRASION RESISTANCE
Lack resistance to abrasion and ravelling
Not suitable for friction / wearing courses applications
FATIGUE RESISTANCE
Governs structural capacity of foamed asphalt pavement layers
Mechanical characteristics of foamed bitumen fall between a cemented
and a granular structure
Controversy exist over the fatigue properties of foamed asphalt
Fatigue property will be inferior to to that HMA (Bissada, 1987)
Fatigue property will be superior to that of HMA (Little et al, 1983)
Fatigue property is similar to those of HMA (Macarrone et al, 1993)
Needs further investigation
MOISTURE CONTENT
A crucial mix design parameter
Recommended MC for mixing and compaction is the greater of (OMC BC) &
the fluff point of the aggregate
COST ($/m2)
$12 - $14
FOAMED BITUMEN
(250 mm)
$13 - $15
$6 - $9
$12 - $14
CONCLUSION
Foamed asphalt mixes is gaining popularity owing to their good
performance, ease of construction and compatibility with a wide range of
aggregate types
Mix design can be accomplished by simple test procedures and by
adhering to certain restrictions with respect to the materials used
The mix design is carried out to optimize the mix strength characteristics
at the worst-case operating environment i.e., under soaked condition
Simple tests such as ITS & Marshall Test can be conveniently used to
determine the optimum binder content
Other tests such as Resilient Modulus, Dynamic Creep & Mix Volumetrics
can be conducted to ensure the adequate performance of the selected
optimum mix
More development and research is still required
REFERENCES
Muthen K.M :: Foamed Asphalt Mixes Mix Design Procedure
:: Contract Report CR-98/077 ; June 1999 ; CSIR Transportek ;
www.asphalt.csir.co.za/Farefs/Muthen
Jenkins K.J.,Van de Ven MFC., De Groot JLA :: Characterisation of
Foamed Bitumen :: 7th Conference on Asphalt Pavements for Southern
Africa ; www.asphalt.csir.co.za/capsa
Mr. Nicol Van der Walt et al :: The Use of Foamed Bitumen in Full-depth
in-place Recycling of Pavement Layers illustrating the basic concept of
water saturation in the foam process :: 7th Conference on Asphalt
Pavements for Southern Africa ; www.asphalt.csir.co.za/capsa
Kendall M., Ramanujam J. et al :: Foamed Bitumen Stabilisation ::
Southern Region Symposium, 1999 ; www.flexi.net.au/~mkendall
www.auststab.com.au
http://dev.wirtgenamerica.com/fa/aboutfa.html
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