TRNG I HC LT

KHOA MI TRNG
---****---

BO CO THC TP

BI THC TP : NHM I T 6
Nguyn Minh Hoan
Phan Th Hin
Phm Th Thu Hin
ng Xun Hng

0610599
0612336
0610596
0610603

Lt, nm 2008

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MC LC
Bi 1:
I.
II.
III.
IV.
Bi 2:
I.
II.
III.
IV.
Bi 3:
I.
II.
III.
IV.
Bi 4:
I.
II.
III.
IV.
Bi 5:
I.
II.
III.
IV.
Bi 6:
I.
II.
III.
IV.

Mc ch:
Tnh Ton kt qu v pha ch ho cht:
Kt qu v bo co kt qu:
Tr li cu hi v gii bi tp:

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Mc ch:
Tnh Ton kt qu v pha ch ho cht:
Kt qu v bo co kt qu:
Tr li cu hi v gii bi tp:

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Mc ch:
Tnh Ton kt qu v pha ch ho cht:
Kt qu v bo co kt qu:
Tr li cu hi v gii bi tp:

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Mc ch:
Tnh Ton kt qu v pha ch ho cht:
Kt qu v bo co kt qu:
Tr li cu hi v gii bi tp:

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Mc ch:
Tnh Ton kt qu v pha ch ho cht:
Kt qu v bo co kt qu:
Tr li cu hi v gii bi tp:

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Mc ch:
Tnh Ton kt qu v pha ch ho cht:
Kt qu v bo co kt qu:
Tr li cu hi v gii bi tp:

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Bi 1:
PHA CH V CHUN DUNG DCH HCl, DNG HCl VA PHA CHUN
LI NNG DUNG DCH NaOH
I. Mc ch
Bi 1 l bi tp c bn u tin trong thc tp phn tch nh tnh, nh lng
ca cc cht. Thc hnh pha ch v chun li dung dch chun HCl.
Tip tc s dng HCl va pha chun li nng cha bit ca dung dich
cn nh phn NaOH.
II. Tnh Ton kt qu v pha ch ho cht:
Pha dung dch Na2B4O7 t Na2B4O7.10H2O. Th tch cn pha l 250mL; nng
ng lng 0,1N ; M = 381,37g/mol., Xc nh khi lng
Na2B4O7.10H2O cn dng :
Gii:
ng lng ca Na2B4O7.10H2O l:
M 381.37
D

190.69
n
2
Khi lng Na2B4O7.10H2O cn dng pha 250mL dung dch Na2B4O7
0.1N l :
a
C D V 0.1 190.69 250 4.77 g
C N D V 1000 a N1000
1000
Cn 4,72g Na2B4O7.10H2O pha thnh 250mL dung dch. tnh CN
Gii :
M 381.37
ng lng D

190.69
n
2
Nng ng lng ca dung dch l:
a
4.72 1000
C N D V 1000 190.69 250 0.099 N
Pha 1 Lt dung dch HCl 0,1N t dung dch gc c P% = 38 % v d = 1.19
g/mL, Tnh lng HCl 38% cn dng:
Gii:
Nng CN ca dung dch HCl 38% l :
10 d P % 10 1.19 38

12.39 N
CN
D
36.5
Th tch HCl 12.39N cn dng pha 1lt HCl 0.1N l :
C V 0.1 1000 8.07mL

C 0 V 0 C V V 0
12.39
C0

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III. Kt qu v bo co kt qu:
1. Th nghim I : Chun dung dch HCl
Ra sch cc dng c th nghim, cho dung dch HCl vo Buret
chnh n vch zero, phn ui ca Buret khng c c bt kh.
Dng Pipet ly chnh xc dung dch Na2B4O7 0.099N va pha
vo bnh nn sch, nh thm 1~2 git ch th Metyl .
m kho Buret cho dung dch HCl t t nh xung bnh tam
gic, lc u. Khi dung dch t ngt chuyn t mu vng sang
mu hng th dng li v ghi th tch HCl tiu tn ta c :
STT Th tch Na2B4O7 0.099N
Th tch HCl
1
10 mL
10.7 mL
2
10 mL
10.5 mL
3
10 mL
10.5 mL
Tnh ton kt qu th nghim:
Phng trnh chun :
Na 2 B4 O7 2HCl 5H 2 O 2 NaCl H 3 BO3
Trng hp chun trc tip :
Theo quy lut ng lng ta c c nng ca HCl :
C V
C X V X C R V R C X R R

Tnh sai s ch th :
Th nghim s dng Metyl c pT = 5.5 lm cht ch th. Do
phng trnh kt thc chun pH 5.5 nn c [H+] = 10-5.5. V
y l trng hp chun acid mnh nn qa trnh chun
dng trc im tng ng. T ta c th tnh c sai s
ch th theo cng thc:

S%

V V
V RC R
X

100

T ta c bng s liu sau:

tch

STT

Th
HCl

1
2
3
Tb

10.70 mL
10.50 mL
10.50 mL
10.57 mL

Th

tch

Nng

Na2B4O7

Na2B4O7

Nng
HCl

10.00 mL
10.00 mL
10.00 mL
10.00 mL

0.0990 N
0.0990 N
0.0990 N
0.0990 N

0.0925 N
0.0943 N
0.0943 N
0.0937 N

pT
ch th

Sai
s
ch th

5.5
5.5
5.5

-0.0065%
-0.0064%
-0.0064%
-0.0064%

2. Th nghim II
Trng hp 1: Vi ch th Metyl da cam.
Cho HCl 0.937N va chun v Buret, ly chnh xc 10mL
NaOH cn chun vo bnh nn, thm vi git ch th Metyl da
cam. chun cho n khi dung dch t ngt chuyn t mu

Trang : 3

vng sang mu da cam th dng li, ghi li th tch ta c bng s

liu.
Stt Th tch NaOH Th tch HCl 0.0937N
1
10 mL
10.9 mL
2
10 mL
10.6 mL
3
10 mL
10.8 mL
Tnh ton kt qu th nghim:
Phng trnh chun :
Na OH HCl NaCl H 2 O
Trng hp chun trc tip :
Theo quy lut ng lng ta c nng ca NaOH l :
C V
C X V X C RV R C X R R

Tnh sai s ch th :
Th nghim s dng Metyl da cam c pT = 4.0 lm cht ch th.
Do phng trnh kt thc chun pH 4.0 nn c [H+] =
10-5.5. V y l trng hp chun Baz mnh nn qa trnh
chun dng sau im tng ng. T ta c th tnh c
sai s ch th theo cng thc:

S%

V V
V RC R
X

100

T ta c bng s liu sau:

STT

Th
tch
NaOH

Th
HCl

tch

1
2
3
Tb

10.00 mL
10.00 mL
10.00 mL
10.00 mL

10.90 mL
10.60 mL
10.80 mL
10.77 mL

Nng
HCl

0.0990 N
0.0990 N
0.0990 N
0.0990 N

Nng
NaOH

pT
ch th

Sai s
ch th

0.1079 N
0.1049 N
0.1069 N
0.1066 N

4
4
4

0.1898%
0.1924%
0.1907%
0.1910%

Trng hp 2: Vi ch th Phenolphtalein
Cho HCl 0.937N va chun v Buret, ly chnh xc 10mL
NaOH cn chun vo bnh nn, thm vi git ch th
Phenolphtalein. chun cho n khi dung dch t ngt chuyn
t nu hng sang khng mu th dng li, ghi li th tch ta c
bng s liu.
Stt Th tch NaOH Th tch HCl 0.0937N
1
10 mL
10.3 mL
2
10 mL
10.4 mL
3
10 mL
10.2 mL
Tnh ton kt qu th nghim:
Phng trnh chun :
Na OH HCl NaCl H 2 O

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 Trng hp chun trc tip :

Theo quy lut ng lng ta c nng ca NaOH l :
C R V R

C X V X C RV R C X

Tnh sai s ch th :
Th nghim s dng phenolphtalein c pT = 9.0 lm cht ch th.
Do phng trnh kt thc chun pH 9.0 nn c [OH-] =
10-5. V y l trng hp chun baz mnh nn qa trnh
chun dng trc im tng ng. T ta c th tnh
c sai s ch th theo cng thc:

S%

OH

V V
V RC R
X

100

T ta c bng s liu sau:

STT

Th
tch
NaOH

Th
HCl

tch

1
2
3
Tb

10.00 mL
10.00 mL
10.00 mL
10.00 mL

10.30 mL
10.40 mL
10.20 mL
10.30 mL

Nng
HCl

0.0990 N
0.0990 N
0.0990 N
0.0990 N

Nng
NaOH

pT
ch th

Sai
ch th

0.1020 N
0.1030 N
0.1010 N
0.1020 N

9
9
9

-0.0195%
-0.0194%
-0.0196%
-0.0195%

IV. Tr li cu hi v gii bi tp:

1. Vit cc phn ng xy ra trong qu trnh nh phn Na2B4O7 bng HCl?
Cc Phng trnh Phn ng xy ra:
(1) Na 2 B 4 O 7 7 H 2 O 2 NaOH 4H 3 BO3
(2)

NaOH HCl

NaCl H O
2

Cng gp hai phng trnh li ta c :

(3) Na 2 B 4 O 7 2HCl 5H 2 O 2 NaCl H 3 BO 3
2. Tnh pH ca dung dch H3BO3 nng 0,1M bit pKH3BO3 = 9.24?
Gii:
Phng trnh phn ly:

H H 2 BO
H 3 BO3

H H BO 2
H 2 BO3

H BO3
H BO32

3
pH dung dch :
1
1
pH pK lg C a 9.24 lg 0.1 5.12
a
2
2
3. Ti sao trong trng hp nh phn (pK1) ny ngi ta dng Metyl lm
cht ch th?

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Gii thch:
Ta c : trong dung dch, Na2B4O7 phn ly thnh NaOH v H3BO3 theo
Phng trnh:
Na 2 B4 O7 7 H 2 O 2 NaOH 4H 3 BO3
Khi a dung dch vo nh phn, NaOH trong dung dch s tc dng
hon ton vi HCl :
NaOH HCl NaCl H 2 O
Khi n im tng ng, ton b NaOH Phn ng ht vi HCl,
trong dung dch ch cn li l H3BO3 ng vai tr to mi trng pH cho
dung dch. ng thi ta c, pH ca dung dch H 3BO3 vo khong 5.12 ,
trng vi khong pH i mu ca ch th Metyl . Nn khi ta dng Metyl
lm ch th th kt thc chun s ri vo im gn im tng ng
nht v do chnh xc ca kt qu l cao nht.
4. Tnh s mL dung dch HCl 38% (d=1.19g/mL) cn thit pha 250mL dung
dch HCl 0.1N?
Gii:
Nng CN ca dung dch HCl 38% l :
10 d P % 10 1.19 38

12.39 N
CN
D
36.5
Th tch HCl 12.39N cn dng pha 250mL HCl 0.1N l :
C V 0.1 250 2.018mL

C 0 V 0 C V V 0
12.39
C0
5. Cn ly bao nhiu mL HNO3 68% (d=1.4g/mL) pha 5L HNO3 0.1N?
Gii:
Nng CN ca dung dch HNO3 68% l :
10 d P % 10 1.4 68

15.11N
CN
D
63
Th tch HNO3 68% pha 5L HNO3 0.1N
C V 0.1 5000 33.091mL
C 0 V 0 C V V 0
15.11
C0
6. Ti sao khi dng Metyl v Phenolphtalein lm cht ch th trong trng
hp nh phn dung dch NaOH tip xc lu vi khng khi bng dung dch
HCl th kt qu khc nhau?
Gii thch:
V NaOH l cht ht m mnh v d dng tc dng vi nhng cht khc
nh CO2, SO2 trong khng kh lm cho nng ca n gim xung. do
nng ca n s thp hn nng ban u.
Bn cnh , khong pH i mu ca Metyl v Phenolphtalein l khc
nhau, Metyl c khong i mu t 4.4-6.2 v c pT=5.5 nn khi chun
NaOH qu trnh s dng li sau im tng ng, th cn lng acid ln hn.
Cn i vi Phenolphtalein th c khong pH i mu t 8-10 v c pT=9 nn
qu trnh chun dng trc im tng ng do cn t acid hn.

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7. Tm nng ng lng gram v chun ca dung dch KOH nu ly

0.1485g acid H2C4H4O4 ha tan ri nh phn bng dung dch KOH th ht
25.2mL dung dch KOH?
Gii:
Phng trnh phn ng:
H 2 C 4 H 4 O4 2KOH K 2 C 4 H 4 O 4 2H 2 O
Nng ng lng gam v chun ca dung dich KOH l:

a) C

KOH

DKOH V KOH

1000

M n 1000 2nH C H O 1000

M V
V
KOH

KOH

KOH

KOH

KOH

2aH C H O 1000
2 0.1485
1000
M
C
O
H
H
118
C

0.1N
25.2
V
2

KOH

b) T

D C 0.1 56
3

5.610 g / mL
1000
1000

8. Cho 9.777g acid HNO3 m c vo nc pha long thnh 1L. nh phn

25mL dung dch NaOH 0.104N cn 25.45mL dung dch acid va pha trn.
Tnh nng phn trm ca dung dch HNO3 m c?
Gii:
Phng trnh phn ng:
HNO3 NaOH NaNO3 H 2 O
Theo quy lut ng lng ta c c nng ca HCl :
C V 25 0.104
C X V X C R V R C X R R 25.45 0.1022 N
VX
Khi lng HNO3 tnh khit l:
a
C D V 0.1022 63 1000 6,439 g
C N D V 1000 a N1000
1000
Phn trm ca HNO3 l:
a
6.439
P%NaOH m 100 9.777 100 65.85%
9. Tnh s gram H3PO4 c trong dung dch nu khi nh phn dung dch bng
dung dch NaOH 0.2N dng Phenolphtalein lm cht ch th th tn 25.5mL
dung dch NaOH?
Gii:
Phng trnh phn ng:
H 3 PO4 2 NaOH Na2 HPO4 2H 2 O
S mol ca NaOH v H3PO4 l:

Trang : 7

NaOH

CM

NaOH

V NaOH 0.2 25.5 10 5.1 10 mol

1
5.1 10
n H 3PO 4 n NaOH
2
2
Khi lng ca H3PO4 l:

3
3

2.55 10 mol
3

n H 3PO 4 M H 3PO 4 2.55 10 98 0.2499 g

H 3 PO 4

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Bi 2:
-

XC NH NNG CH3COOH, H3PO4 V NH4OH.

XC NH HM LNG Na2CO3 TRONG Na2CO3 K THUT.
XC NH NNG NaOH V Na2CO3TRONG HN HP.

I. Mc ch.
Thc tp nh phn, xc nh nng ca mt cht bt k ang tn ti dng
dung dch m ta cha bit nng , thng qua thc tp nh phn dung dch
CH3COOH, H3PO4 v NH4OH.
Xc nh tp cht c trong mt cht c sn xut trong k thut.
Luyn tp thc hnh phn tch thnh phn hn hp v nng ca chng.
II. Tnh ton kt qu v pha ch ho cht.
Pha 1 Lt dung dch HCl 0,1N t dung dch gc c P% = 38 % v
d=1.19g/mL, Tnh lng HCl 38% cn dng:
Gii:
Nng CN ca dung dch HCl 38% l :
10 d P % 10 1.19 38

12.39 N
CN
D
36.5
Th tch HCl 12.39N cn dng pha 1lt HCl 0.1N l :
C V 0.1 1000 8.07mL
C 0 V 0 C V V 0
12.39
C0
Pha ch th hn hp c pT = 5
pha hn hp ch th c pT = 5 cn c hai ch th l Metyl 0.2% trong
ru v Bromcresol 0.1% trong ru; ly th tch hai ch th bng nhau, ho
trn v khuy u, ta c mt ch th c pH i mu t 4.9 n 5.3 v c
pT=5.
Cn chnh xc 0.2g Na2CO3, ho tan hon ton bng 50mL nc ct.
III. Kt qu v bo co kt qu.
1. Th nghim I :
Ly chnh xc 10mL dung dch CH3COOH vo bnh tam gic, nh
thm vi git cht ch th Phenolphtalein 0.1%. T Buret nh dung
dch NaOH 0.1N xung cho n khi dung dch chuyn sang mu
hng v khng i mu trong khong 5 giy. Ghi li th tch
dng ta c bng s liu.
Ln th nghim Th tch NaOH 0.1 N dng
1
10.9 mL
2
10.9 mL
3
10.8 mL
Tnh ton kt qu th nghim.
Phng trnh chun :
Na OH CH 3 COOH CH 3 COO Na H 2 O
Trng hp chun trc tip acid yu bng baz mnh
Theo quy lut ng lng ta c nng ca CH3C OOH l
C V
C X V X C R V R C X R R

Trang : 9

 Tnh sai s ch th :
Th nghim s dng phenolphtalein c pT = 9.0 lm cht ch th.
Do phng trnh kt thc chun pH 9.0 nn c [OH-] =
10-5.. Nn qa trnh chun dng sau im tng ng. T
ta c th tnh c sai s ch th theo cng thc:

100

S%

OH

V V
V RC R
X

T ta c bng s liu sau:

STT

Th
tch
CH3COOH

Th tch
NaOH

Nng
NaOH

Nng
CH3COOH

pT
ch th

Sai s
ch th

1
2
3
Tb

10.00 mL
10.00 mL
10.00 mL
10.00 mL

10.90 mL
10.90 mL
10.80 mL
10.87 mL

0.1000 N
0.1000 N
0.1000 N
0.1000 N

0.1090 N
0.1090 N
0.1080 N
0.1087 N

9
9
9

0.0192%
0.0192%
0.0193%
0.0192%

2. Th nghim II :
Trng hp 1: Ch th Metyl 0.1% v Phenolphtalein 0.1%
Ly 10mL dung dch H3PO4 vo bnh tam gic, cho thm 2~3 git
cht ch th Metyl 0.1%, cho t t dung dch NaOH 0.1N vo
bnh cho n khi dung dch chuyn t mu sang mu vng cam
th ngng li, ghi th tch NaOH tiu tn. Tip tc cho thm vi
git cht ch th Phenolphtalein tip tc chun cho n khi dung
dch chuyn t mu vng sang mu da cam th ngng li, ghi li
th tch tiu tn. ta c bng s liu:
Stt Th tch tiu tn (Metyl ) Th tch tiu tn (Ph.ph)
1
8.7 mL
14.6 mL
2
8.5 mL
14.7 mL
3
8.6 mL
14.5 mL
Tnh ton kt qu th nghim.
Phng trnh chun :
Na OH H 3 PO4 Na H 2 PO4 H 2 O ( Pu1)

Na OH Na H PO
Na OH Na H PO
2

4
4

Na H PO H O ( Pu 2)
Na PO H O ( Pu 3)

Vi ch th Metyl : phn ng xy ra nc phn ng th nht ca

acid (Pu1)
Trng hp chun trc tip:
Theo quy lut ng lng ta c nng ca H3PO4 l:
C V
C X V X C RV R C X R R

Trang : 10

T ta c bng s liu sau:

STT
1
2
3
Tb

tch

Th

Th tch
NaOH

Nng
NaOH

Nng

H3PO4
10.00 mL
10.00 mL
10.00 mL
10.00 mL

8.70 mL
8.50 mL
8.60 mL
8.60 mL

0.1000 N
0.1000 N
0.1000 N
0.1000 N

0.0870 N
0.0850 N
0.0860 N
0.0860 N

H3PO4

Vi ch th Phenolphtalein : phn ng xy ra nc phn ng th

hai ca acid (Pu2)
V R V Phenolphtalein V Metyl.do
Trng hp chun trc tip:
Theo quy lut ng lng ta c nng ca H2PO4- l:

C V
X

C RV R C X C R V R

T ta c bng s liu sau:

STT
1
2
3
Tb

Th

tch

H3PO4
10.00 mL
10.00 mL
10.00 mL
10.00 mL

Th tch
NaOH

Nng
NaOH

5.90 mL
6.20 mL
5.90 mL
6.00 mL

0.1000 N
0.1000 N
0.1000 N
0.1000 N

Nng

H2PO40.0590 N
0.0620 N
0.0590 N
0.0600 N

Trng hp 2: Ch th c pT = 5.1 v pT=10.1

Ly 10mL dung dch H3PO4 vo bnh tam gic, cho thm 2~3 git
cht ch th pT = 5.1 cho t t dung dch NaOH 0.1N vo bnh cho
n khi dung dch chuyn t mu sang mu xanh lc th ngng
li, ghi th tch NaOH tiu tn.
Stt Th tch tiu tn
1
8.5 mL
2
8.4 mL
3
8.5 mL
Ly 10mL dung dch H3PO4 vo bnh tam gic cho thm vi git
cht ch th pT = 10.1 (thay bng Phenolphtalein pT = 9) chun cho
n khi dung dch chuyn t mu vng sang mu tm th ngng
li, ghi li th tch tiu tn. ta c bng s liu:
Stt Th tch tiu tn
1
15.0 mL
2
15.2 mL
3
15.1 mL

Trang : 11

Tnh ton kt qu th nghim.

Phng trnh chun :
OH H 3 PO4 Na H 2 PO4 H 2 O ( Pu1)

Na
Na OH Na H PO
Na OH Na H PO
2

4
4

Na H PO H O ( Pu 2)
Na PO H O ( Pu 3)

Vi ch th pT = 5.1 : phn ng xy ra nc phn ng th nht ca

acid (Pu1)
Trng hp chun trc tip:
Theo quy lut ng lng ta c nng ca H3PO4 l:

C V
X

C RV R C X C R V R

T ta c bng s liu sau:

STT
1
2
3
Tb

tch

Th

H3PO4

Th tch
NaOH

Nng
NaOH

10.00 mL
10.00 mL
10.00 mL
10.00 mL

8.50 mL
8.40 mL
8.50 mL
8.47 mL

0.1000 N
0.1000 N
0.1000 N
0.1000 N

Nng

H3PO4
0.0850 N
0.0840 N
0.0850 N
0.0847 N

Vi ch th Phenolphtalein : phn ng xy ra nc1 v 2 ca phn

ng th hai ca acid (Pu1,2)
C R C H 3 PH 4 C H 2 PO4
Trng hp chun trc tip:
Theo quy lut ng lng ta c nng ca H3PO4 l:

C V
X

C R V R C X C R V R

T ta c bng s liu sau:

STT
1
2
3
Tb

Th

tch

H3PO4

Th tch
NaOH

Nng
NaOH

10.00 mL
10.00 mL
10.00 mL
10.00 mL

15.00 mL
15.20 mL
15.10 mL
15.10 mL

0.1000 N
0.1000 N
0.1000 N
0.1000 N

Nng

H3PO4
0.1500 N
0.1520 N
0.1510 N
0.1510 N

3. Th nghim III :
Ly 10mL NH4OH vo bnh nn, thm vi git Metyl da cam
0.1%, cho t t HCL 0.1N t Buret vo v lc u cho n khi
dung dch chuyn t mu vng sang mau da cam, ghi s th tch
HCl dng.
Lm tng t vi ch th Metyl 0.1%

Trang : 12

 Qua hai ln th nghim vi hai thuc th ta c kt qu sau:

Th tch HCl ng vi ch th Metyl da cam Metyl
1
3.9
8.0
2
3.7
7.9
3
4.0
8.1
Tnh ton kt qu th nghim:
Phng trnh chun :
NH 4 OH HCl NH 4 Cl H 2 O
Trng hp chun trc tip baz yu bng acid mnh
Theo quy lut ng lng ta c nng ca NH4OH l
C V
C X V X C R V R C X R R

Tnh sai s ch th :
Th nghim s dng Metyl da cam v Metyl lm cht ch th.
Do phng trnh kt thc chun pH 4.0 v pH 5.5 nn c
[H+] = 10-4 v [H+] = 10-5.5 Nn qa trnh chun dng trc
im tng ng. T ta c th tnh c sai s ch th theo
cng thc:

100

S%

V V
V RC R
X

T ta c bng s liu sau:

i vi ch th Metyl da cam:
STT

Th tch
NH4OH

Th tch
HCl

Nng

HCl

Nng

NH4OH

1
2
3
Tb

10.00 mL
10.00 mL
10.00 mL
10.00 mL

3.90 mL
3.70 mL
4.00 mL
3.87 mL

0.10 N
0.10 N
0.10 N
0.10 N

0.04 N
0.04 N
0.04 N
0.04 N

pT
ch th

Sai s
ch th

4
4
4

0.3564%
0.3703%
0.3500%
0.3589%

pT
ch th

Sai s
ch th

5.5
5.5
5.5

0.0071%
0.0072%
0.0071%
0.0071%

i vi ch th metyl :
STT

Th tch
NH4OH

Th tch
HCl

Nng

HCl

Nng

NH4OH

1
2
3
Tb

10.00 mL
10.00 mL
10.00 mL
10.00 mL

8.00 mL
7.90 mL
8.10 mL
8.00 mL

0.10 N
0.10 N
0.10 N
0.10 N

0.08 N
0.08 N
0.08 N
0.08 N

4. Th nghin IV :
Cho 0.2g Na2CO3 vo bnh nn v ho tan hon ton vi 50mL
nc ct.
Ly 10ml cho vo bnh tam gic chun cho thm vai git ch th
Bromcresol xanh cho cho thm 10mL dung dch HCl 0.1N dung
dch s chuyn t mu sang mu vng cam. em hn hp sau
Trang : 13

phn ng un si vi pht, cho thm vi git ch th Phenolphtalein

v thc hin chun bng dung dch NaOH 0.1N cho n khi
dung dch chuyn t mu vng sang mu da cam th dng li, ghi
kt qu thu c ta c:
Ln th nghim Th tch NaOH
1
2.3 mL
2
2.2 mL
3
2.3 mL
Tnh ton kt qu th nghim:
Phng trnh chun :
Na2 CO3 HCl NaCl H 2 CO3
o

t
CO2 H 2 O
H 2 CO3

Na OH HCl

NaCl H O
2

Trng hp chun ngc :

Theo quy lut ng lng ta c khi lng ca Na2CO3 trong
10mL l :

'
'
C
R V R C R V R

DX
C X V X C R' V R' C RV R mX
1000
Khi lng ca Na2CO3 trong 50mL l :
50 m
a 10 X
Phn trm khi lng ca Na2CO3 l:
a
P% p 100
Ta c bng s liu sau :
STT

Khi lng
cn

Th tch
Na2CO3 (pha)

Th tch
Na2CO3 (ly)

Khi
lng

Phn
trm

1
2
3
Tb

0.200 g
0.200 g
0.200 g
0.200 g

50.00 mL
50.00 mL
50.00 mL
50.00 mL

10.00 mL
10.00 mL
10.00 mL
10.00 mL

0.163 g
0.165 g
0.163 g
0.164 g

81.6%
82.7%
81.6%
82.0%

5. Th nghim V
Phng php 1
Ly 10mL hn hp NaOH+Na2CO3 cho vo bnh tam gic, thm
vi git ch th Phenolphtalein v thj hin chun bng dung
dch HCl 0.1N cho n khi dung dch chuyn t mu tm sang
khng mu, ghi th tch V1 thu c. Sau cho thm vi git ch
th Metyl da cam v tip tc chun cho n khi dung dch
chuyn t mu vng sang mu da cam th ngng li v ghi li th
tch V2 dng. Ta c bng s liu sau:
ln V1
V2
1
11.1 mL 12.5 mL
2
11.3 mL 12.4 mL
3
11.2 mL 12.4 mL
Trang : 14

Tnh ton kt qu th nghim:

Phng trnh chun :
Na2 CO3 HCl NaCl NaH

CO
NaH CO HCl NaCl H CO
Na OH HCl NaCl H O
2

Xc nh khi lng ca cc thnh phn trong hn hp:

2V 1 V 2

mNaOH 1000 C HCl DNaOH

V 2 V 1
mNa2CO3 2 1000
C HCl D Na2CO3
Tnh thnh phn phn trm ca cc cht:

P%

NaOH

P% Na CO
2

NaOH

m NaOH m
3

100

Na 2CO3

100 P% NaOH

Ta c bng s liu sau:

Stt
1
2
3
Tb

Th tch
V1
11.10 mL
11.30 mL
11.20 mL
11.20 mL

Th tch
V2
12.50 mL
12.40 mL
12.40 mL
12.43 mL

Nng
HCl
0.10 N
0.10 N
0.10 N
0.10 N

ng
lng
NaOH
40
40
40

ng
lng
Na2CO3
53
53
53

Phn
trm
NaOH
72.33%
77.77%
75.87%
75.33%

Phng php 2:
Ly 10mL dung dch NaOH+Na2CO3 cho vi git cht ch th
Metyl da cam vo thc hin chun bng HCl 0.1N cho n khi
dung dch chuyn t mu vng sang mu da cam thi ngng li v
ghi th tch V1. Ta c bng s liu sau :
Ln th nghim Th tch HCl tiu tn
1
7.8 mL
2
7.9 mL
3
7.6 mL
Ly 10mL hn hp trn cho vo bnh tam gic, thm 5~7mL dung
dch BaCl2 5% v 8~10 git ch th Phennolphtalein, khng cn
lc b kt ta, em hn hp nh phn bng dung dch HCl 0.1N
cho n khi mt mu dung dch, ghi li th tch V2 ta c :
Ln
Th tch HCl tiu tn
1
6.0 mL
2
5.8 mL
3
5.9 mL

Trang : 15

Phn
trm
Na2CO3
27.67%
22.23%
24.13%
24.67%

Tnh ton kt qu th nghim:

Phng trnh chun :
Na2 CO3 HCl NaCl NaH

CO
NaH CO HCl NaCl H CO
Na OH HCl NaCl H O
2

Xc nh khi lng ca cc thnh phn trong hn hp:

1000 C HCl D NaOH

V 1 V 2
mNa2CO3 2 1000
C HCl D Na2CO3
Tnh thnh phn phn trm ca cc cht:

P%

NaOH

NaOH

P% Na CO
2

NaOH

m NaOH m
3

100

Na 2CO3

100 P% NaOH

Ta c bng s liu sau:

Stt
1
2
3
Tb

Th tch
V1
7.80 mL
7.90 mL
7.60 mL
7.77 mL

Th tch
V2
9.60 mL
10.00 mL
9.30 mL
9.63 mL

Nng
HCl
0.10 N
0.10 N
0.10 N
0.10 N

ng
lng
NaOH
40
40
40

ng
lng
Na2CO3
53
53
53

Phn
trm
NaOH
55.71%
51.03%
56.70%
54.48%

Phn
trm
Na2CO3
44.29%
48.97%
43.30%
45.52%

Trang : 16

Bi 3:
PHA CH V XC NH NNG DUNG DCH KMnO4.
XC NH NNG CA DUNG DCH ST (II) BNG KMnO4.
II. Mc ch.
Luyn tp pha ch dung dch chun v s dng H2C2O4 xc nh li nng
ca dung dch chun pha l KMnO4.

S dng dung dch chun va pha c nh phn dung dch st (II)

ng thi tng cng k nng cho nhng qu trnh thc hnh phn tch
mi trng trong thc t.
III. Tnh ton kt qu v pha ch ho cht.
Pha ch dung dch H2C2O4 0.05N, tnh lng cn H2C2O4.2H2O cn thit
pha 100mL v 500mL dung dch ?
Gii:
Lng cn cn thit pha 100mL :
a
C D V 0.05 63.0335 100 0.3152 g
C N D V 1000 a N1000
1000
Lng cn cn thit pha 500mL :
a
C D V 0.05 63.0335 500 1.5758g
C N D V 1000 a N1000
1000
Cn 0.3151g H2C2O4.10H2O tnh nng ng lng khi pha thnh 100mL
dung dch.
Gii:
Nng ca dung dch l:
a
0.3151 1000
C N D V 1000 63.0335 100 0.05N
Pha 250mL dung d ch H2SO4 6N, tnh th tch H2SO4 98% (d = 1.84g/mL)?
Gii:
Nng CN ca dung dch H2SO4 98% l :
10 d P % 10 1.84 98

36.8 N
CN
D
49
Th tch H2SO4 98% cn dng pha 250mL H2SO4 6N l :

C V
0

C V V 0

C V
C
0

6 250
40.761mL
36.8

Pha hn hp hai acid H2SO4 v H3PO4:

Ly 150ml H2SO4 c (d = 1.84g/mL) v cho tht cn thn vo 500mL nc,
ngui, ri li thm 150mL H3PO4 c (d = 1.7g/mL) sau pha thnh
1000mL dung dch.
IV. Kt qu v bo co kt qu.
1. Th nghim I : nh phn dung dch KMnO4
Ly 10mL dung dch H2C2O4 va pha cho vo bnh tam gic, thm
7mL dung dch H2SO4 6N, un nng trn bp in n 70~80 .
Cho t t dung dch KMnO4 vo hn hp trn, lc u cho tht
chm to lng Mn2+ lm xc tc, sau c th tng tc
nhanh hn, chun cho ti khi dung dch c mu hng trong khong
Trang : 17

30giy m dung dch khng i mu th ngng li, ghi th tich

KMnO4 dng ta c:
ln Th tch KMnO4
1
9.8 mL
2
10.0 mL
3
9.9 mL
Tnh ton kt qu th nghim :
Phng trnh chun :
2KMnO4 5H2 C2 O 4 3H2 SO4

K2 SO4 2Mn SO4 10CO28H

Trng hp chun trc tip :

Theo quy lut ng lng ta c nng ca KMnO4 l :

C V
X

C R V R C X C RV R

Ta c bng s liu sau:

STT

Th tch
KMnO4

Th tch
H2C2O4

Nng
H2C2O4

Nng

KMnO4

1
2
3
Tb

9.80 mL
10.0 mL
9.90 mL
9.87 mL

10.00 mL
10.00 mL
10.00 mL
10.00 mL

0.05 N
0.05 N
0.05 N
0.05 N

0.05 N
0.05 N
0.05 N
0.05 N

2. Th nghim II
Ly 10mL dung dch Fe2+ vo bnh tam gic, thm 7mL dung dich
hn hp hai acid H2SO4 v H3PO4, dng KMnO4 va nh phn
trn chun lng Fe2+ c trong dung dch, thc hin nh
phn cho n khi dung dich c mu hng v khng mt mu trong
khong 30giy th ngng li, ghi th tch KMnO4 dng.
Ln Th tch KMnO4
1
9.8 mL
2
9.9 mL
3
9.9 mL
Tnh ton kt qu th nghim:
Phng trnh chun :

3
2
2
8H

MnO
5Fe Mn 4H2O
5Fe
4
Theo quy lut ng lng ta c nng ca Fe2+ l :
C V
C X V X C R V R C X R R

Trng hp chun trc tip ta c chun ca Fe2+ l

a C V D C V D
T Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe KMnO4 KMnO4 Fe (g / L)

Fe

Fe

Fe

Trang : 18

Ta c bng s liu sau:

Stt
1
2
3
Tb

Th tch
st (II)
0.0100 L
0.0100 L
0.0100 L
0.0100 L

Th tch
KMnO4
0.0098 L
0.0099 L
0.0099 L
0.0099 L

Nng
KMnO4
0.05 N
0.05 N
0.05 N
0.05 N

Nng
St (II)
0.05 N
0.05 N
0.05 N
0.05 N

chun
2.74
2.77
2.77
2.76

g/L
g/L
g/L
g/L

V. Tr li cu hi v gii bi tp.
1. Ti sao khng th pha dung dch KMnO4 c nng nh trc theo lng
cn chnh xc ?
Tr li : Trong dung dch, v trong iu kin c cc cht kh khc,
KMnO4 d dng tc dng v to thnh hp cht khc, trong nc, di tc dng
ca khuy o v chiu sng, KMnO4 cng d dng b phn hu thnh cht khc,
do o ta khng th pha dung dch KMnO4 c nng xc nh bng mt lng
cn chnh xc c.
2. Gii thch cc iu kin th nghim : thm H2SO4, un nng dung dch, tc
thm thuc th vo dung dch ban u phi rt chm?
Gii thch :
Thm H2SO4 : trong cc phn ng ca KMnO4, nu trong iu
kin c mi trng pH cng nh, tnh Oxi ho ca n cng mnh, d
cn thm H2SO4 to mi trng cho phn ng nhanh v mnh hn. Bn
cnh , H2SO4 cn ng vai tr l mt trong s cc cht tham gia phn
ng.
un nng dung dch: iu kin thng, khng c xc tc, khi
tip xc vi nhit , dung dch KMnO4 cng d dng b phn hu. Nh
vy khi ta un nng thi lam tng kh nng phn ng ca n, ngha l lm
tng tc phn ng trnh mt thi gian di v lm nh hng n
nng ca dung dch khi tip xc lu vi nh sng.
Tc thm thuc th ban u rt chm sau mi tng tc
ln l v : cc phn ng ca KMnO4 thng cn c Mn2+ lm xc tc
cho phn ng din ra nhanh hn. Do vy lc u ta thm tht chm cho
phn ng din ra t t v lc ny phn ng din ra rt chm v cng l thi
gian to c mt lng Mn2+ lm xc tc cho phn ng ri mi tng
tc chun dung dch.
3. Ti sao khi nh phn, lu mu ca KMnO4 li bin mt ?
Gii thch:
Trong iu kin thng : KMnO4 trong dung dch d dng b phn
hu di tc dng ca nh sng v nhit. c bit trong iu kin c H+
lm xc tc th qu trnh li din ra cc mnh lit hn nn khi chun
nu ta lu thi mu ca dung dch b bin mt do KMnO4 b phn hy

Trang : 19

4. Ly 0.2g mu qung cha MnO2, ch ha bng H2 C2O4 d v H2SO4. Th tch

dung dch H2C2O4 ly l 25mL v chun lng H2C2O4 d cn
20.0mL dung dch KMnO4 0.02N. Bit rng 25.0mL dung dch H2C2O4 tc
dng va ht vi 45.0mL KMnO4 0.02N. Tnh phn trm Mn trong qung?
Gii :
Cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra:
MnO2 H2 C2 O 4 H 2 SO4 Mn SO4 2CO22H O
2

2KMnO 5H C O 3H SO
K SO 2Mn SO 10CO28H O
4

Lng acid H2C2O4 tc dng vi MnO2 l :

KMnO4 H2C2O4 H2C2O4 tc dng vi MnO2
Th tch (mL)
Trc khi phn ng 45
25
0
Sau khi phn ng
20
x
25 - x = y
20 25
x
11.1mL
Vy
45
y 25 x 13.9mL
Nng ca H2C2O4 l :

Trang : 20

0.020 45
0.036N
25
S mol ca H2C2O4 tc dng vi MnO2 v s mol MnO2 l :
CN V 0.03613.9 0.25mol

nH 2C2O4
CM V
2
2
nMnO2 nH 2C2O4 0.25mol
Phn trm ca Mn trong qung l :

m M n
M Mn
%Mn M

m100

MnO2

quang

Trang : 21

Bi 4:
PHNG PHP XY HA KH - PHP O I CRMT, IT
I. Mc ch.
nh phn nng ca St (II), Na2S2O3 v ng (II) trong dung dch.
Thc tp s dng thnh tho phng php chun oxy ha kh trong php
o icromat v Iot.
II. Tnh ton kt qu v pha ch ho cht.
Pha 500mL dung dch Na2S2O3 0.05N, tnh lng cn Na2S2O3.10H2O cn
dng ?
Gii:
Lng cn cn thit pha 500mL Na2S2O3 0.05N :
a
C D V 0.05 248.18 500 6.2045g
C N D V 1000 a N1000
1000
Pha 500mL dung dch K2Cr2O7 0.05N, tnh lng cn K2Cr2O7 cn dng ?
Gii:
Lng cn cn thit pha 500mL K2Cr2O7 0.05N :
a
C D V 0.05 49.032 500 1.2258g
C N D V 1000 a N1000
1000
Pha 250mL dung dch KI 5%, tnh lng cn KI ?
Gii:
Xt trng hp khi lng ring ca dung dch l d = 1g/mL ta c V = m
a
P % m 5 250
P% m 100 a 100 100 12.5g
Pha 250mL dung d ch H2SO4 2N,4N tnh th tch H2SO4 98% (d =
1.84g/mL) cn dng?
Gii:
Nng CN ca dung dch H2SO4 98% l :
10 d P % 10 1.84 98

36.8 N
CN
D
49
Th tch H2SO4 98% cn dng pha 250mL H2SO4 2N l :
C V 2 250 13.587mL
C 0 V 0 C V V 0
36.8
C0
Th tch H2SO4 98% cn dng pha 250mL H2SO4 4N l :

C V C V
0

V 0

C V
C
0

4 250
27.174mL
36.8

Pha 100mL dung dch H tinh bt 0.5%, tnh lng cn H tinh bt cn dng?
Gii:
Xt trng hp khi lng ring ca dung dch l d = 1g/mL ta c V = m
a
P % m 0.5 100
P% m 100 a 100 100 0.5g
Trang : 22

Pha 250mL dung dch H3PO4 4N tnh th tch H3PO4 85% (d = 1.7g/mL) cn
dng?
Gii:
Nng CN ca dung dch H3PO4 85% l :
10 d P % 10 1.7 85

44.234 N
CN
D
49
Th tch H3PO4 85% cn dng pha 250mL H3PO4 4N l :
C V 4 250 22.61mL

C 0 V 0 C V V 0
44.234
C0
Pha 100mL dung dch HCl theo t l 1:2 cn dng 33.33mL dung dch HCl
nguyn cht
Pha 250mL dung dch CH3COOH 4N tnh th tch CH3COOH 99.5% (d =
1.05g/mL) cn dng?
Gii:
Nng CN ca dung dch CH3COOH 99.5% l :
10 d P % 10 1.05 99.5

17.4125 N
CN
D
60
Th tch CH3COOH 99.5% cn dng pha 250mL CH3COOH 4N l :
C V 4 250 57.43mL

C 0 V 0 C V V 0
C 0 17.4125
Pha 50mL Diphenylamin 1% (d = 1.84g/mL), tnh lng cn ?
Gii:
Lng cn cn dng l :
a
P % m P % d V 1 50 1.84
P% m 100 a 100 100 100 0.92 g
Pha 250mL KSCN 10% (d = 1g/mL), tnh lng cn ?
Gii:
Lng cn cn dng l :
a
P % m P % d V 10 250 1
P% m 100 a 100 100 100 25g
III. Kt qu v bo co kt qu.
1. Th nghim I : xc nh nng St (II)
Ly 10mL dung dch Fe2+ cn xc nh vo bnh tam gic 250mL,
thm 1mL H3PO4 4N v thm thm 5mL HCl 1:2 v 2~3 git cht
ch th Diphenylamin. T Buret nh tng git K2Cr2O7 c nng
0.05N, lc ti khi dung dch c mu xanh tm th dng li: ghi th
tch K2Cr2O7 dng ta c:
Stt Th tch dng (mL)
1
10.0
2
9.9
3
9.8
Trang : 23

Tnh ton kt qu th nghim:

Phng trnh chun :

2
3
3
2
6Fe Cr2O7 14H 6Fe Cr 7H2O
Theo quy lut ng lng ta c nng ca Fe2+ l :
C V
C X V X C R V R C X R R

Trng hp chun trc tip ta c chun ca Fe2+ l

aFe CFeV Fe DFe CKMnO4 V KMnO4 DFe (g / L)
T Fe

Fe

Fe

Ta c bng s liu sau:

Th tch K2Cr2O7
Nng K2Cr2O7
Stt Th tch st (II)
1
2
3
Tb

0.0100 L
0.0100 L
0.0100 L
0.0100 L

0.0100 L
0.0099 L
0.0098 L
0.0099 L

Fe

Nng St (II)
0.05 N
0.05 N
0.05 N
0.05 N

0.05 N
0.05 N
0.05 N
0.05 N

chun
2.80 g/L
2.77 g/L
2.74 g/L
2.77 g/L

2. Th nghim II : Xc nh nng Na2S2O3

Ly 10mL dung dch K2Cr2O7 c nng 0.05N vo bnh nn
100mL, thm 5mL H2SO4 4N + 10mL dung dch KI 5%, lc nh,
y bnh nn bng knh ng h, yn trong bng ti 10pht. T
Buret nh tng git Na2S2O3 v lc u cho ti khi dung dch c
mu vang lc, thm 1mL dung dch H tinh bt 1%, tip tc nh
tng git Na2S2O3 ti khi mt mu xanh tm, ghi li th tch
Na2S2O3 dng ta c:
stt Th tch dng
1
13.4
2
13.2
3
13.3
Tnh ton kt qu th nghim:
Phng trnh phn ng:

9I Cr2O7 14H 3I3 2Cr 7H2 O

2

I3 2S 2O3 3I S 4 O62
Cng hai phng trnh trn ta c:

2
2
2
6S 2O3 Cr2O7 14H 3S 4 O6
Nng Na2S2O3

C V
X

2Cr37H O
2

C R V R C X C R

V R

Trang : 24

Ta c bng s liu sau:

STT
1
2
3
Tb

Th tch

Th tch

Nng

Nng

Na2S2O3

K2Cr2O7

K2Cr2O7

Na2S2O3

13.40 mL
13.20 mL
13.30 mL
13.30 mL

10.00 mL
10.00 mL
10.00 mL
10.00 mL

0.050 N
0.050 N
0.050 N
0.050 N

0.037 N
0.038 N
0.038 N
0.038 N

3. Th nghim III : Xc nh nng Cu2+

Dng Pipet ly ng 10mL dung dch Cu2+ cn xc nh vo bnh
nn 250mL. thm 2.5mL dung dch CH3COOH 4N v 2.5mL dung
dch KI 5% lc nh. y bnh nn bng knh ng h v yn
bng ti 10pht. T Buret nh tng git Na2S2O3, lc u ti khi
dung dc c mu vng rm, cho thm 0.5mL dung dch H tinh bt
v tip tc nh tng git dung dch Na2S2O3 xung ti khi dung
dch mt mu xanh tm, thm 2.5mL dung dch KSCN 10% lc k,
chun n mt mu xanh hon ton. Ghi li th tch Na2S2O3
dng ta c.
Ln Th tch s dng (mL)
1
7.1
2
7.3
3
7.2
Tnh ton kt qu th nghim:
Phng trnh chun :

2
I

5
I
2Cu
2CuI 3

I3

SO
2

3I

SO
4

Cng hai phng trnh li ta c :

2

2Cu S O 2I
2

S4 O6

2CuI

Theo quy lut ng lng ta c nng ca Cu2+ l :

C V
C X V X C R V R C X R R

Trng hp chun trc tip ta c chun ca Cu2+ l

aCu CCuV Cu DCu CNa2S2O3V Na2S2O3 DCu (g / L)

T Cu

Cu

Cu

Cu

Ta c bng s liu sau:

Stt
1
2
3
Tb

Th tch
ng (II)
0.0100 L
0.0100 L
0.0100 L
0.0100 L

Th tch

Nng

Na2S2O3

Na2S2O3

0.0071 L
0.0073 L
0.0072 L
0.0072 L

0.038 N
0.038 N
0.038 N
0.038 N

Nng
ng (II)
0.027 N
0.027 N
0.028 N
0.027 N

chun
1.73 g/L
1.78 g/L
1.75 g/L
1.75 g/L

Trang : 25

Bi 5:
PHNG PHP COMPLEXON
I. Mc ch.
S dng phng php complexon chun cc cht da trn phn ng to
phc ca n vi cc ion to nn cc phc cht trong dung dch.
Thc hin chun mt s ion kim loi c ha tr II thng dng nh : Zn2+,
Pb2+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cu2+.
II. Tnh ton kt qu v pha ch ho cht.
Pha 500mL dung dch m NH4Cl NH4OH pH 10 theo t l: 1 lt dung dch
m cn 570mL NH4OH (d=0.9g/mL) v 70g NH4Cl tnh lng cn dng?
Gii:
Th tch ca NH4OH v khi lng NH4Cl cn dng l :
Ta c 1000mL dung dch cn 570mL NH4OH v 70g NH4Cl
Ta c 500mL dung dch cn VmL NH4OH v Xg NH4Cl
570 500
V 1000 285mL
500 70
X 0 1000 35 g
Pha 1000mL dung dch EDTA 0.05N t mui Na2H2Y.2H2O (M =
372.242g/mol), tnh lng cn cn thit?
Gii:
Lng cn cn thit pha 1000mL EDTA 0.05N :
a
C D V 0.05 186.121 1000 9.31g
C N D V 1000 a N1000
1000
Trn 10g hn hp ch th Murexit 10% dng rn trong NaCl, tnh lng cn
Murexit v mui NaCl?
Gii:
Lng cn cn dng l :
a
P% m 10 10
P% m 100 a 100 100 1g
a NaCl m a 10 1 9 g
Trn 10g hn hp ch th Eriocrom T-en 1% dng rn trong NaCl, tnh
lng cn ca thnh phn?
Gii:
Lng cn cn dng l :
a
P% m 1 10
P% m 100 a 100 100 0.1g
a NaCl m a 10 0.1 9.9 g
Pha 100mL dung dch NH4Cl 1M bng tinh th NH4Cl, tnh lng cn?
Gii:
Lng cn cn thit pha 100mL NH4Cl 1M :
a
C M V 1 53.5 100
C M M V 1000 a M1000 1000 5.35 g

Trang : 26

III. Kt qu v bo co kt qu.
1. Th nghim I : Xc nh nng Mg2+
Ly 10mL dung dch Mg2+ cho vo bnh nn, thm 1.5mL dung dch m
NH4Cl-NH4OH, thm vi git ch th Eriocrom T-en (khong 1 ht u),
lc dung dch c mu nho. Thc hin chun bng dung dch EDTA
0.05N cho ti khi dung dch chuyn mu xanh bic. Ghi th tch EDTA
dng:
Ln Th tch s dng (mL)
1
10.1
2
10.2
3
10.0
Tnh ton kt qu th nghim:
Phng trnh chun :
2

Mg

MgInd

HInd

MgInd

H 2Y

MgY

HInd

Thc hin cng gp hai phng trnh ta c:

2

Mg

H 2Y

MgY

2H

Theo quy lut ng lng ta c nng ca Mg2+ l :

C V
C X V X C R V R C X R R

Ta c bng s liu sau:

STT

Th tch
Mg2+

Th tch
EDTA

Nng
EDTA

Nng

Mg2+

1
2
3
Tb

10.00 mL
10.00 mL
10.00 mL
10.00 mL

10.10 mL
10.20 mL
10.00 mL
10.10 mL

0.050 N
0.050 N
0.050 N
0.050 N

0.051 N
0.051 N
0.050 N
0.051 N

2. Th nghim II : Xc nh nng Zn2+ (ch th Eriocrom T-en)

Lm tng t th nghim I nhng thay dung dch cn c nh phn bng
dung dch Zn2+
Th tch EDTA dng :
Ln Th tch s dng (mL)
1
9.9
2
9.8
3
9.9
Tnh ton kt qu th nghim:
Phng trnh chun :
2

Zn

ZnInd

HInd

ZnInd

H 2Y

ZnY

H
2

HInd

Trang : 27

Thc hin cng gp hai phng trnh ta c:

2

H 2Y

Zn

ZnY

2H

Theo quy lut ng lng ta c nng ca Zn2+ l :

C R V R

CX V X CR V R CX

Ta c bng s liu sau:

Th tch

STT

2+

Zn

1
2
3
Tb

10.00 mL
10.00 mL
10.00 mL
10.00 mL

Th tch
EDTA

Nng
EDTA

Nng

9.90 mL
9.80 mL
9.90 mL
9.87 mL

0.050 N
0.050 N
0.050 N
0.050 N

0.050 N
0.049 N
0.050 N
0.049 N

Zn2+

3. Th nghim III : Xc nh nng ca Pb2+ ( ch th Eriocrom T-en)

Trng hp 1 : chun ngc
Ly 10mL dung dch Pb2+, thm chnh xc 15mL dung dch EDTA 0.05N.
Lc u, thm 5mL hn hp m NH4Cl-NH4OH, mt ht u cht ch th
Eriocrom T-en. T Buret nh tng git dung dch Zn2+ c nng va
xc nh trn cho n khi dung dch chuyn t mu xanh bic n mu
nho. Ghi th tch Zn2+ dng ta c :
Ln Th tch s dng (mL)
1
4.9
2
5.1
3
5.0
Tnh ton kt qu th nghim:
Phng trnh chun :
2

Pb
H2Y

H 2Y

Zn

PbY
ZnY

2H

2H

Theo quy lut ng lng ta c nng ca Cl- l :

C RV R C R' V R'

'
'
C X V X C R V R C RV R C X
V
X

Ta c bng s liu sau:

STT
1
2
3
Tb

Th tch
dung dch
2+
Pb

Th tch
dung dch
EDTA

Nng
dung dch
EDTA

Th tch
dung dch
2+
Zn

Nng
dung dch
2+
Zn

Nng
dung dch
2+
Pb

10.00 mL
10.00 mL
10.00 mL
10.00 mL

15.00 mL
15.00 mL
15.00 mL
15.00 mL

0.0500 N
0.0500 N
0.0500 N
0.0500 N

4.90 mL
5.10 mL
5.00 mL
5.00 mL

0.0490 N
0.0490 N
0.0490 N
0.0490 N

0.0510 N
0.0500 N
0.0505 N
0.0505 N

Trang : 28

Trng hp 2 : chun thay th

Ly 10ml dung dch Zn2+ tin hnh chun nh th nghim I ta c dung
dch Complexonat Zn. Sau cho thm 10mL dung dch Pb2+ vo bnh nn
ng Complexonat Zn (ZnY2-), t Buret nh tng git dung dch EDTA
xung v chun cho ti khi dung dch chuyn t mu nho sang mu
xanh bic th dng li. Ghi th tch EDTA dng:
Th tch EDTA Nc 1 Nc 2
Ln 1
9.9
19.9
Ln 2
9.8
19.8
Ln 3
9.9
19.9
Tnh ton kt qu th nghim:
Phng trnh chun :
Khi cho ch th vo dung dch Km:
2

Zn

HInd

ZnInd

Khi cho EDTA vo hn hp:

ZnInd

H 2Y

ZnY

HInd

Thc hin cng gp hai phng trnh ta c:

2

H 2Y

Zn

ZnY

2H

Zn
H

2+

Khi cho thm Pb vo:

2

Pb
Zn

ZnY
HInd

PbY
ZnInd

Tip tc cho thm EDTA vo hn hp ta c:

...

ZnInd

H2Y

..2

ZnY

HInd
2+

Theo quy lut ng lng ta c nng ca Pb l :

V 2 V 1 C R

CX

Ta c bng s liu sau:

stt
Th tch
Th tch
V1 - EDTA V2- EDTA
1
9.90 mL
19.90 mL
2
9.80 mL
19.90 mL
3
9.90 mL
19.80 mL
Tb 9.87 mL
19.87 mL

Th tch
Pb2+
10 mL
10 mL
10 mL
10 mL

Nng
EDTA
0.05 N
0.05 N
0.05 N
0.05 N

Nng
Pb2+
0.0500 N
0.0505 N
0.0495 N
0.0500 N

4. Th nghim IV : xc nh nng Ca2+

Ly 10mL dung dch Ca2+ cn nh phn vo bnh nn 250mL, pha long
gp i th tch bng nc ct, thm 0.5mL NaOH 1N v 1ht u ch th
Murexid trong NaCl 1%, dung dch c mu . T Buret nh tng git dung
dch EDTA c nng 0.05N v thc hin chun cho ti khi dung dch
chuyn t mu sang tm hoa c. Ghi th tch dung dch EDTA dng:

Trang : 29

Ln Th tch s dng (mL)

1
9.6
2
9.6
3
9.7
Tnh ton kt qu th nghim:
Phng trnh chun :

Ca

H 4 Ind

CaH Ind

CaH Ind

H 2Y

2H

CaY

H Ind

Thc hin cng gp hai phng trnh ta c:

2

H 2Y

Ca

CaY

2H

Theo quy lut ng lng ta c nng ca Ca2+l :

C V
C X V X C R V R C X R R

Ta c bng s liu sau:

STT
1
2
3
Tb

Th tch

Th tch
EDTA

Nng
EDTA

Nng

Ca2+
10.00 mL
10.00 mL
10.00 mL
10.00 mL

9.60 mL
9.60 mL
9.70 mL
9.63 mL

0.050 N
0.050 N
0.050 N
0.050 N

0.048 N
0.048 N
0.049 N
0.048 N

Ca2+

5. Th nghim V : Xc nh nng Cu2+

Ly 10mL dung dch Cu2+ cn xc nh vo bnh nn 250mL, thm 1mL
dung dch NH4Cl 1M + mt ht u ch th Murexid. Thm t t tng git
dung dch NH4OH 1M cho n khi dung dch xut hin mu vng. Thc
hin chun bng dung dch EDTA n khi dung dch chuyn t mu
vng sang mu tm hng. Ghi kt qu EDTA dng:
Ln Th tch s dng (mL)
1
9.9
2
9.8
3
9.7
Tnh ton kt qu th nghim:
Phng trnh chun :

Cu H 4Ind CuH2 Ind 2H

CuH Ind
2

H 2Y

CuY

H Ind
4

Thc hin cng gp hai phng trnh ta c:

2

Cu

H 2Y

CuY

2H

Trang : 30

 Theo quy lut ng lng ta c nng ca Cu2+ l :

C V
C X V X C R V R C X R R

Ta c bng s liu sau:

STT
1
2
3
Tb

Th tch

Th tch
EDTA

Nng
EDTA

Nng

Cu2+
10.00 mL
10.00 mL
10.00 mL
10.00 mL

9.90 mL
9.80 mL
9.70 mL
9.80 mL

0.050 N
0.050 N
0.050 N
0.050 N

0.050 N
0.049 N
0.049 N
0.049 N

Cu2+

Trang : 31

Bi 6:
PHNG PHP CHUN KT TA
I. Mc ch.
Thc tp xc nh nng ca Cl trong nc mu, kim nghim li tinh
khit ca nc ct trong phng th nghim bng cch kim tra nng Cl c
trong nc.
II. Tnh ton kt qu v pha ch ho cht.
Pha 500mL dung dch AgNO3 0.01M (M=169.873g/mol) tnh lng cn ca
mui?
Gii:
Lng cn cn thit pha 100mL AgNO3 0.01N
a
C M M V 0.01 169.873 500 0.849 g

1000

CM M V
1000
1000
Pha 100mL dung dch K2Cr2O7 5% tnh lng cn mui cn pha vi nc?
Gii:
Xt trng hp khi lng ring ca dung dch l d = 1g/mL ta c V = m
Lng cn cn dng l :
a
P % m 5 100
P% m 100 a 100 100 5 g
Pha 250mL dung dch NaHCO3 5% tnh lng cn mui cn pha vi nc?
Gii:
Xt trng hp khi lng ring ca dung dch l d = 1g/mL ta c V = m
Lng cn cn dng l :
a
P % m 5 250
P% m 100 a 100 100 1.25g
Pha 100mL dung dch fluorescein 0.5% tnh lng cn mui cn pha vi trong
ru?
Gii:
Xt trng hp khi lng ring ca dung dch l d = 1g/mL ta c V = m
Lng cn cn dng l :
a
P % m 0.5 100
P% m 100 a 100 100 0.5g
Pha 250mL dung dch HNO3 6N, tnh th tch HNO3 65% (d = 1.4g/mL) cn
dng?
Gii:
Nng CN ca dung dch HNO3 65% l :
10 d P % 10 1.4 65

16.508 N
CN
D
63
Th tch HNO3 65% cn dng pha 250mL HNO3 6N l :
C V 6 250 90.865mL
C 0 V 0 C V V 0
16.508
C0
Trang : 32

Pha 500mL dung dch KSCN 0.01N t tinh th KSCN (M=97.184g/mol) tnh
lng cn cn dng?
Gii:
Lng cn cn thit pha 500mL KSCN 0.01N :
a
C N D V 0.01 97,184 500 0.486 g

1000

CN D V
1000
1000
Pha 100mL phn St (III) clorua bo ho
Cho mt lng d phn st (III) clorua vo cc 250mL, cho thm vo
khong 100mL khuy cho n khi phn st (III) khng cn tan c na, xp
giy lc hnh cnh qut v lc trn phu thy tinh, ly va 100mL.
III. Kt qu v bo co kt qu.
1. Th nghim I : Phng php Mohr
Ly 5ml mu nc cho vo bnh tam gic thm 10mL dung dch NaHCO3
v khong 2mL dung dch K2CrO4 5%, t Buret nh t t dung dch AgNO3
0.01M, lc mnh, gn ti im tng ng, dung dch tr nn trong hn,
xut hin kt ta AgCl. Lc thm cc k chm tng git AgNO3, lc
mnh cho ti khi xut hin kt ta mu gch th ngng li. Ghi th tch
dng:
Thc hin lm tng t vi nc ct trong phng th nghim:
Th tch AgNO3 dng khi chun :
Nc mu
Nc ct
Ln 1
1.5
0.9
Ln 2
1.4
0.8
Ln 3
1.6
0.7
Tnh ton kt qu th nghim:
Phng trnh chun :

Ag

Ag

Cl

CrO4

AgCl

Ag CrO
4

Theo quy lut ng lng ta c nng ca Cl- l :

C R V R

CX V X CR V R CX

Ta c bng s liu sau:

TRNG HP 1 : VI NC MU
STT

Th tch
mu nc

Th tch
AgNO3

Nng
AgNO3

Nng
Cl-

1
2
3
Tb

5.00 mL
5.00 mL
5.00 mL
5.00 mL

1.50 mL
1.40 mL
1.60 mL
1.50 mL

0.0100 M
0.0100 M
0.0100 M
0.0100 M

0.0030 M
0.0028 M
0.0032 M
0.0030 M

Trang : 33

TRNG HP 1 : VI NC CT PHNG TH NGHIM

STT

Th tch
mu nc

Th tch
AgNO3

Nng
AgNO3

Nng
Cl-

1
2
3
Tb

5.00 mL
5.00 mL
5.00 mL
5.00 mL

0.90 mL
0.80 mL
0.70 mL
0.80 mL

0.0100 M
0.0100 M
0.0100 M
0.0100 M

0.0018 M
0.0016 M
0.0014 M
0.0016 M

2. Th nghim II : Phng Php Fajans

Ly 5ml mu nc cho vo bnh tam gic thm 5mL dung dch NaHCO3 v
khong 5git ch th Fluorescein 5%, t Buret nh t t dung dch AgNO3
0.01M, lc mnh cho ti khi xut hin mu hng th ngng li. Ghi th tch
dng:
Thc hin lm tng t vi nc ct trong phng th nghim:
Th tch AgNO3 dng khi chun :
Nc mu
Nc ct
Ln 1
2.8
1.6
Ln 2
2.6
1.7
Ln 3
2.7
1.5
Tnh ton kt qu th nghim:
Phng trnh chun :

Ag

Cl

AgCl

AgCL Ag

X
AgCL Ag X X

X

NO
NO
3
3

Fl
Fl
X

m
X

Theo quy lut ng lng ta c nng ca Cl- l :

C V
C X V X C R V R C X R R

Ta c bng s liu sau:

TRNG HP 1 : VI NC MU
STT

Th tch
mu nc

Th tch
AgNO3

Nng
AgNO3

Nng
Cl-

1
2
3
Tb

5.00 mL
5.00 mL
5.00 mL
5.00 mL

2.80 mL
2.60 mL
2.70 mL
2.70 mL

0.0100 M
0.0100 M
0.0100 M
0.0100 M

0.0056 M
0.0052 M
0.0054 M
0.0054 M

TRNG HP 1 : VI NC CT PHNG TH NGHIM

STT

Th tch
mu nc

Th tch
AgNO3

Nng
AgNO3

Nng
Cl-

1
2
3
Tb

5.00 mL
5.00 mL
5.00 mL
5.00 mL

1.60 mL
1.70 mL
1.50 mL
1.60 mL

0.0100 M
0.0100 M
0.0100 M
0.0100 M

0.0032 M
0.0034 M
0.0030 M
0.0032 M

Trang : 34

3. Th nghim III : Phng Php Volhard (xc nh Br-)

Ly 5mL dung dch cha Br- cn nh phn cho vo bnh tam gic, thm
2mL dung dch HNO3 6N thm chnh xc 5mL dung dch AgNO3 0.01M ti
khi dung dch khng cn kh nng kt ta thm c na th thm 5mL
dung dch AgNO3 na, 10git ch th Phn St III bo ha. T Buret nh
tng git SCN- 0.01N cho n khi dung dch i mu, ghi th tch SCN-
dng :
Ln Th tch s dng (mL)
1
5.3
2
5.2
3
5.1
Tnh ton kt qu th nghim:
Phng trnh chun :

Ag

Ag

Fe

AgCl

Cl

SCN

AgSCN

SCN

Fe SCN2

Theo quy lut ng lng ta c nng ca Cl- l :

C RV R C R' V R'

'
'
C X V X C R V R C RV R C X
V
X

Ta c bng s liu sau:

STT
1
2
3
Tb

Th tch
dung dch
Br-

Th tch
dung dch
AgNO3

Nng
dung dch
AgNO3

Th tch
dung dch
SCN-

Nng
dung dch
SCN-

Nng
dung dch
Br-

5.00 mL
5.00 mL
5.00 mL
5.00 mL

10.00 mL
10.00 mL
10.00 mL
10.00 mL

0.0100 M
0.0100 M
0.0100 M
0.0100 M

5.30 mL
5.20 mL
5.10 mL
5.20 mL

0.0100 M
0.0100 M
0.0100 M
0.0100 M

0.0094 M
0.0096 M
0.0098 M
0.0096 M

Trang : 35