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Analog Communications
Lecture 3
Radio broadcasting
30-300M Hz
SOURCE
Source
Transmitter
Transmitted
signal
Channel
Received
signal
Receiver
User
Bandpass channel
EE3008 Principles of Communications
Lecture 3
Analog signal
Analog Communications
Bit sequence
t
Source
0001101110
A-D
Conversion
Digital
Baseband
Modulation
Digital
Bandpass
Modulation
Baseband
Channel
Bandpass
Channel
Analog
Modulation
Bandpass
Channel
Analog
Demodulation
User
D-A
Conversion
Digital
Baseband
Demodulation
EE3008 Principles of Communications
Digital
Bandpass
Demodulation
Lecture 3
Analog Communications
Transmitted
Received
signal
signal
Channel
Transmitter
SOURCE
Source
Received
info.
User
Receiver
Bandpass channel
Ignore noise
S(f)
S ( f )
H(f)
1
-Bs
Bs
f c 12 Bh
fc
f c 12 Bh
-Bs
Bs
Lecture 3
Analog Modulation
Modulation property of Fourier Transform:
s (t ) cos(2 f c t ) 12 [ S ( f f c ) S ( f f c )]
carrier
S(f)
SAM(f)
-fc
fc
s AM (t ) As (t ) cos(2 f c t )
sPM (t ) A cos(2 f c t s (t ))
sFM (t ) A cos(2 ( f c t k s ( )d ))
Lecture 3
Analog Modulation
Modulated
signal
Modulation
SOURCE
Source
(AM or FM
or PM)
Modulated
signal
Channel
Received
info.
Demodulation
User
Bandpass channel
Ignore noise
Lecture 3
AM-DSB-SC
AM-DSB-C
AM-SSB
AM-VSB
Lin Dai (City University of Hong Kong)
Lecture 3
AM-DSB-SC -- Modulation
Time Domain:
s AM DSB SC (t ) As (t ) cos(2 f c t )
s(t)
s AM DSB SC (t )
Lecture 3
AM-DSB-SC -- Modulation
Frequency Domain:
S AM DSB SC ( f ) A2 [ S ( f f c ) S ( f f c )]
S(f)
Upper sideband
Lower sideband
-Bs
Bs
S AM DSB SC ( f )
fc-Bs
fc fc+Bs
Lecture 3
10
S AM DSB SC ( f )
-fc-Bs
-fc
-fc+Bs
AM DSB SC
Lin Dai (City University of Hong Kong)
fc-Bs
fc
fc+Bs
Bm=2Bs
Bs
50%
2 Bs
Lecture 3
11
AM-DSB-SC -- Demodulation
s (t )
Time Domain: s AM DSB SC (t ) ?
sAM DSBSC (t )cos(2 fct ) As(t ) cos(2 f ct ) cos(2 f ct ) 0.5 As (t ) 0.5 As (t ) cos(2 2 f ct )
S( f )
Frequency Domain: S AM DSB SC ( f ) ?
1
2
S AM DSB SC ( f fc ) S AM DSB SC ( f fc ) A4 [ S ( f
2 f c ) S ( f )] A4 [ S ( f ) S ( f 2 f c )]
A4 [ S ( f 2 f c ) S ( f 2 f c )] A2 S ( f )
1
2
-2fc
S AM DSB SC ( f fc ) S AM DSB SC ( f fc )
-fc
fc
2fc
Lecture 3
12
sAM-DSB-SC(t)
s(t)
Acos(2fct)
Demodulator
sAM-DSB-SC(t)
bandpass
filtering
cos(2fct)
lowpass
filtering
sdemod(t)
Lecture 3
13
Lecture 3
14
Straightforward
Lecture 3
15
AM-DSB-C
Lecture 3
16
y(t)=|s(t)|
Lecture 3
17
AM-DSB-C -- Modulation
Time Domain: sAM DSBC (t ) A s(t ) c cos(2 fct )
s(t)
sAM-DSB-C (t)
s(t) + c 0
Lecture 3
18
AM-DSB-C -- Modulation
Frequency Domain:
S AM DSB C ( f ) A2 [ S ( f f c ) S ( f f c )]
Ac
2
[ ( f f c ) ( f f c )]
S AM DSB C ( f )
-fc-Bs
-fc
-fc+Bs
fc-Bs
fc
fc+Bs
Lecture 3
19
-fc-Bs
-fc
-fc+Bs
fc-Bs
fc
fc+Bs
Bm=2Bs
AM DSB C
Lin Dai (City University of Hong Kong)
Bs
50% AM DSB SC
2 Bs
EE3008 Principles of Communications
Lecture 3
20
AM-DSB-C -- Demodulation
Time Domain:
s AM DSB C (t )
? s(t )
Envelope Detector:
s AM DSB C (t )
A s (t ) c cos(2 f c t )
y (t ) | A s(t ) c | A( s (t ) c)
( s (t ) c 0)
Simple
Robust
Any price to pay?
Lecture 3
21
P
power of information signal s (t )
50%
2 s
power of modulating signal s (t ) c c Ps
m
max[ s (t ) c] min[ s (t ) c] max s (t ) min s (t ) 2c
m increases as the dc offset c decreases.
Lin Dai (City University of Hong Kong)
Lecture 3
22
m
max[ s (t ) c] min[ s (t ) c] max s (t ) min s (t ) 2c
m<1
m=1
m>1
when min(s(t)+c) = 0
Lecture 3
23
Lecture 3
24
Lecture 3
25
Double sideband
(DSB)
0
fc-Bs
fc-Bs
fc
Lower sideband
fc
fc+Bs
Upper sideband
carries the same
information as the
lower sideband!
fc
fc+Bs
Upper sideband
Use a bandpass filter to select the desired sideband, and only transmit
the desired sideband.
Lin Dai (City University of Hong Kong)
Lecture 3
26
AM-SSB
Amplitude Modulation-Single SideBand (AM-SSB)
Modulation (Frequency Discrimination Method)
fc
DSB
s(t)
Acos(2fct)
fc
fc
fc+B
sAM-SSB(t)
Demodulation (coherent)
lowpass
filtering
r(t)
fc
fc+Bs
sdemod(t)
cos(2fct)
EE3008 Principles of Communications
Lecture 3
27
Lecture 3
28
AM-VSB
SAM-DSB-SC(f)
DSB
-fc-Bs
-fc -fc+Bs
fc-Bs
fc fc+Bs
fc fc+Bs
SAM-SSB (f)
SSB
-fc-Bs
-fc
VSB
-fc-Bs
-fc
fc fc+Bs
Allow a small portion (or vestige) of the lower sideband, , along with the
upper sideband.
Lin Dai (City University of Hong Kong)
Lecture 3
29
1
S AM VSB ( f ) [ S ( f f c ) S ( f f c )]H s ( f )
2
1
1
S ( f fc ) H s ( f ) S ( f fc ) H s ( f )
2
2
Demodulation:
1
Sdemod ( f ) [ S AM VSB ( f f c ) S AM VSB ( f f c )]
2
1
1
[ S ( f 2 f c ) S ( f )]H s ( f f c ) [ S ( f ) S ( f 2 f c )]H s ( f f c )
4
4
1
1
1
S ( f )[ H s ( f f c ) H s ( f f c )] S ( f 2 f c ) H s ( f f c ) S ( f 2 f c ) H s ( f f c )
4
4
4
After lowpass filtering:
Sdemod ( f ) S ( f )[ H s ( f f c ) H s ( f f c )]
Lin Dai (City University of Hong Kong)
H s ( f fc ) H s ( f fc ) k
0 |f | B
Lecture 3
30
Baseband signal
-fc
-Bs
-fc-Bs -f -fc+
c
Bs
fc
S AM VSB ( f )
Modulated Signal
De-modulation
fc- f fc+Bs
c
1
Sdemod ( f ) [ S AM VSB ( f f c ) S AM VSB ( f f c )]
2
-fc
-Bs
Bs
fc
2fc- 2f 2fc+Bs
c
Lecture 3
31
-fc
fc
50% AM VSB
Bs
100%
Bs
f
Bm Bs
0<s
Lecture 3
32
Summary of AM
AM-DSB-SC
AM-DSB-C
Power efficient
Power inefficient
Commercial radio
broadcasting
AM-SSB
Bandwidth
inefficient
=50%
Non-coherent
demodulation
(simple and robust)
Bandwidth
inefficient
=50%
Power efficient
Coherent
demodulation
Power efficient
Coherent
demodulation
AM-VSB
Coherent
demodulation
Public television
systems
Bandwidth
efficient
=100%
Tradeoff between
bandwidth and
complexity
50%
Bs
100%
Bs
Lecture 3