JOINT

MOTION

RAN
GE

LANDM
ARK

Should
er

Flexion

0180

Lat.
aspect of
greater
tubercle

Extension

0-60

Lat.
aspect of
greater
tubercle

EN
DFE
EL
Fir
m

Fir
m

PROXIMA
L ARM

DISTAL
ARM

Parallel to
the
midaxillar
y line of
thorax
Parallel to
the
midaxillar
y line of
thorax

Lateral
midline
of
humeru
s
Lateral
midline
of
humeru
s

Elbow

Abduction

0180

Anterior
aspect of
the
acromial
process

Fir
m

Med.
Rotation

0-70

Olecrano
n
process

Fir
m

Lat.
Rotation

0-90

Olecrano
n
process

Fir
m

Flexion

0-

Lat.

Sof

Parallel to
the
midline of
the
anterior
aspect of
sternum
Perpendic
ular or
parallel to
the floor
Perpendic
ular or
parallel to
the floor
Lateral

Anterior
midline
of
humeru
s

Ulna

Ulna

Lat.

150

Wrist

epicondy
le of
humerus
Lat.
epicondy
le of
humerus
Ulnar
styloid
process

midline of
humerus

Har
d

Lateral
midline of
humerus

midline
of
radius
Lat.
midline
of ulna

Fir
m

Parallel to
anterior
midline of
humerus
Parallel to
anterior
midline of
humerus
Lateral

Dorsal
aspect
of
forearm
Ventral
aspect
of
forearm
Lateral

Extension

1500

Pronation

0-80

Supination

0-80

Ulnar
styloid
process

Fir
m

Flexion

0-80

Over the

Fir

Extension

0-70

Radial
dev.

0-20

Ulnar dev.

0-30

triquetru
m

midline of
ulna

Over the
triquetru
m/ @
level of
capitate
Over
capiatate

Fir
m

Lateral
midline of
ulna

Har
d

Dorsal
midline of
forearm

Over
capitate

Fir
m

Dorsal
midline of
forearm

midline
of 5th
mcp
Lateral
midline
of 5th
mcp
Dorsal
midline
of 3rd
mcp
Dorsal
midline
of 3rd
mcp

MCP

Flexion

0-90

Dorsal
aspect of
MCP

Har
d

Dorsal
midline of
mcp

Extension

0-45

Dorsal
aspect of
MCP

Fir
m

Dorsal
midline of
mcp

Dorsal
aspect of
MCP

Fir
m

Dorsal
midline of
mcp

Abduction

Dorsal
midline
of
proxima
l
phalanx
Dorsal
midline
of
proxima
l
phalanx
Dorsal
midline
of
proxima

PIP

Flexion

0100

Over PIP

Har
d

Dorsal
midline of
proximal
phalanx

DIP

Flexion

0-90

Over DIP

Fir
m

CMC

Flexion

0-15

Over
CMC

Sof
t

Dorsal
midline of
middle
phalanx
Ventral
midline of
the radius

Extension

0-20

Over

Fir

Ventral

l
phalanx
Dorsal
midline
of
middle
phalanx
Dorsal
midline
of distal
phalanx
Ventral
midline
of the
1st MCP
Ventral

IP

Hip

CMC

midline of
the radius
Lateral
midline of
2nd MCP

Abduction

0-70

Radial
styloid
Process

Fir
m

Flexion

0-80

Over IP

Extension

0-20

Over IP

Flexion

0120

Greater
Trochant
er

Fir
m
Fir
m
Sof
t

Extension

0-30

Greater

Fir

Lat.
Midline of
pelvis
Lat.

midline
of the
1st MCP
Lateral
midline
of 1st
MCP

Lat.
Midline
of
femur
Lat.

Trochant
er

Midline of
pelvis
Imaginary
horizontal
line bet. 2
ASIS
Imaginary
horizontal
line bet. 2
ASIS
Perpendic
ular to the
floor

Abduction

0-45

ASIS

Fir
m

Adduction

0-30

ASIS

Fir
m

Lat.
Rotation

0-45

Ant.
Aspect of
Patella

Fir
m

Med.

0-45

Ant.

Fir

Perpendic

Midline
of
femur
Ant.
Midline
of
femur
Ant.
Midline
of
femur
Ant.
Midline
of lower
leg
Ant.

Rotation

Knee

Ankle

Flexion

0135

Extension

1350

Dorsiflexio
n

0-20

Aspect of
Patella

ular to the
floor

Lat.
Epicondy
le of
femur
Lat.
Epicondy
le of
femur
Lateral
malleolu
s

Sof
t

Lat.
Midline of
femur

Midline
of lower
leg
Lat.
Midline
of fibula

Fir
m

Lat.
Midline of
femur

Lat.
Midline
of fibula

Fir
m

Lat.
Midline of
fibula

Lat.
Aspect
of 5th
metatar
sal

Subtala

Plantarflex
ion

0-50

Lateral
malleolu
s

Fir
m

Lat.
Midline of
fibula

Inversion

0-35

Midway
bet.
malleolu
s

Fir
m

Ant.
Midline of
lower leg

Eversion

0-15

Midway
bet.
malleolu
s

Har
d

Ant.
Midline of
lower leg

Inversion

0-5

Midway

Fir

Lat.
Aspect
of 5th
metatar
sal
Ant.
Midline
of 2nd
metatar
sal
Ant.
Midline
of 2nd
metatar
sal

Transv
erse
tarsal

1st
metata
rsal

Eversion

0-5

Inversion

0-20

Eversion

0-10

Inversion

0-45

Eversion

0-70

bet.
malleolu
s
Midway
bet.
Malleolus
Over ant.
Aspect of
ankle
Over ant.
Aspect of
ankle
Over
MTP

Over

Fir

Har
d
Fir
m
Fir
m
Fir
m

Cervica
l

Thoraci

Flexion

0-45

Extension

0-45

Lat.
Flexion

0-45

Rotation

0-60

Flexion

0-80

MTP
External
auditory
meatus
External
auditory
meatus
Over C7

m
Fir
m

Center of
cranial
aspect of
head
C7 & S1

Fir
m

Fir
m
Fir
m

Fir

Perpendic
ular to the
gorund
Perpendic
ular to the
gorund
Spinous
process of
thoracic
vertebrae
Imaginary
line bet. 2
acromion
process
Distance

Base of
nares
Base of
nares
Dorsal
midline
of head
Tip of
nose

c&
lumbar

(10c
m)

Extension

Lat.
Flexion

rotation

0-25
(4 to
10
cm)
0-35

0-45

b/n tip of
middle
finger and
floor

C7 & S1

Fir
m

Post.
Aspect of
S2
spinous
process
Center of
cranial
aspect of

Fir
m

Perpendic
ular to the
ground

Post.
Aspect
of C7

Fir
m

Parallel to
imaginary
line

Imagina
ry line
b/n 2

head

between 2
prominent
tubercle of
iliac crest

acromio
n
process