CHNG 2:

GII THIU UML

(Unified Modeling Language)

Ni dung

UML l g?

S lc lch s pht trin ca UML

Cc khung nhin ca UML

Cc s trong UML

Cc h thng s dng UML trong vic m

hnh ha.

Ni dung

UML l g?

S lc lch s pht trin ca UML

Cc khung nhin ca UML

Cc s trong UML

Cc h thng s dng UML trong vic m

hnh ha.

UML - Unified modeling

language
UML la mt ngn ng m hinh (modeling
language)
Language = vocabulary + grammar

Vocabulary: phn t hinh anh

Grammar: quy tc kt ni cc phn t

l ngn ng vit k hoch chi

tit phn mm ph hp cho vic m
hnh ha cc h thng.
Ch l mt phn ca tin trnh phn mm
UML

UML - Unified modeling language

UML dung :
Visualizing (Hinh anh hoa )
Specifying (c ta)

Constructing (Xy dng )

Documenting (ngn ng tai liu)

UML l ngn ng dng hinh anh hoa

N gip cc developer m ta cc tng, d

dng c c m hnh xy dng bng UML

do mt ngi khc vit
Nhng cu trc m vic nm bt thng qua
c m lnh l kh khn nay c th hin
trc quan

UML la ngn ng dung c ta

c ta l m ta r rng nhng im mu cht

ca vn .

UML cho php m ta, m hnh chnh xc, khng

nhp nhng. UML hng ti c ta thit k,
phn tch v quyt nh ci t trong qu trnh
pht trin, trin khai h thng.

UML l ngn ng dng xy dng

Cc m hnh xy dng bi UML c th

nh x ti mt ngn ng lp trnh c th
nh: Java, C++, VB, ... thm ch ca cc
bang trong mt CSDL quan h hay CSDL
hng i tng.

UML l ngn ng dng ngn ng ti liu

Dung ghi chp v:
Kin trc h thng
Cc chi tit ca h thng

Trong UML,
UC c biu din bng biu logic
Biu din cu trc tnh ca h thng: biu lp
Hanh vi i tng: biu trng thi

Kin trc vt l: biu thanh phn va trin khai

Ni dung

UML l g?

S lc lch s pht trin ca UML

Cc khung nhin ca UML

Cc s trong UML

Cc h thng s dng UML trong vic m

hnh ha.

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Lch s pht trin ca UML

Ngn ng hng i tng u tin la Simula67 (1967)
1967 1994: d tha qu nhiu phng php
lun hng i tng
UML c pht trin vi n lc lam n gian
va hp nht cc phng php

Phng php Booch + phng php OMT UP

(Unified Process) (1994)
Jacobson n lc tch hp phng php UP +
OOSE UML u tin (1996)
UML 1.0 cng b (1/1997)
UML 2.0 cng b (2004)
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Lch s pht trin ca UML

UML 2.0 (2004)
UML 1.5 (2003)

UML 1.3 (99)

UML 1.2 (98)
Chun ho bi OMG

UML 1.1 (11- 97)

UML 1.0 (1- 97)

UML 0.9 (96)

Cc thnh vin cng nghip
(HP, IBM,Oracle, Microsoft,
Rational,)

UML 0.8 (95)

OOSE

Booch

OMT

Cc phng php khc

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Ni dung

UML l g?

S lc lch s pht trin ca UML

Cc khung nhin ca UML

Cc s trong UML

Cc h thng s dng UML trong vic m

hnh ha.

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Cc khung nhin (view) ca UML

View: cc kha cnh khc nhau cn m t, m hnh

ho v tru tng ho ca h thng. Mi hng
nhn gm mt s loi biu khc nhau

Khung nhn lun l

(logical view)

Khung nhn thc hin

(implementation view)
Khung nhn
use case (Use
case view)

Khung nhn x l
(process view)

Khung nhn trin khai

(deployment view)

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Use-Case View (Khung nhn Use case)

Cha cc use case m ta hanh vi ca h thng di goc

nhin ca ngi dung cui, nha phn tich hay ngi

kim th h thng.

L gc nhn t ngai vo h thng, khng xt t chc

bn trong ca phn mm, ma ch lam ro cc chc nng
chinh ca h thng

Khi bt u d n, lc use case uc dung thng

nht h thng gia khach hang va nha phat trin h
thng
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Logical View ( hay design view)

(Khung nhn l lun, thit k)

Ci t hnh vi trong UC nh th no?

Xem xt cc phn t trong h thng v mi quan h
tc ng qua li gia chng.
L cch nhn ca nhng nh thit k h thng
to khung nhin thit k thng theo hai bc.
Bc 1: nhn ra cc lp phn tich (analysis class)
c lp vi ngn ng lp trinh
Bc 2: chuyn cc lp phn tich thanh cc lp
thit k (design class) ph thuc theo ngn ng.

V d: ???

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Process View (Khung nhn x l)

Chia h thng thnh cc tin trnh

(process) v lung (thread), m ta vic
ng b ha v cc x l ng thi trong
h thng a nhim.

Danh cho vic thc thi (code) h thng

V d: ???

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Implementation View (Khung

nhn thc hin)

Bao gm cc component v file to nn h

thng vt l.

Dnh cho ngi quan l code, dch chng trnh

v trin khai ng dng

V d: ???

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Deployment View (Khung nhn

trin khai)

Ch ra cu hnh phn cng m h thng s chy

trn o. N th hin s phn tn, ci t cc

phn m to nn kin trc vt l ca h thng.
Biu c s dng l Deployment diagram.

V d???

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Cn bao nhiu khung nhn?

Khng phai tt ca cc h thng u i hi

y cc khung nhn.

H thng trn my ring l c th b khung

nhn trin khai.

H n x l th b khung nhn tin trnh

Chng trnh nh th b khung nhn ci t.

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Ni dung

UML l g?

S lc lch s pht trin ca UML

Cc khung nhin ca UML

Cc s trong UML

Cc h thng s dng UML trong vic m

hnh ha.

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Cc s trong UML

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Cc s trong UML

Object diagram (S i tng)

Class diagram (S lp)
Use case diagram (S use case)
Component diagram (S thanh phn)
Deployment diagram (S trin khai)
Sequence diagram, Collaboration diagram (S
tun t, hp tc)
State transition diagram (S chuyn dch
trng thi)
Activity diagram (S hot ng)
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Use case diagram (S use case)

Mt biu Use case m ta cc tnh hung s

dng tiu biu ca h thng.

Mi use case m ta chc nng h thng cn phai

xem xt t quan im ca ngi s dng.

Tc nhn (actor): l con ngi hay h thng

thc khc cung cp thng tin hay tc ng n
h thng.

Biu use case: l tp hp cc tc nhn, cc

use case v mi quan h gia chng.

V d: ???
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Use case diagram (S use case)

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Class diagram (S lp)

La mt nhom i tng co chung mt s thuc

tinh va phng thc to thanh.

Biu lp bao gm cc lp (thuc tinh va

phng thc) va mi quan h gia chng

V d ???

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Class diagram (S lp)

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State transition diagram (S chuyn dch

trng thi)

M hnh ha cc trng thi khc nhau m

mt lp c th c v lp o chuyn t
trng thi ny sang trng thi khc nh th

no.

V d: ???

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State transition diagram (S chuyn

dch trng thi)

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Sequence diagram, Collaboration

diagram (S tun t, hp tc)

Hin th mt dng chi tit cho mt ca s

dng c th hoc thm ch ch l mt phn

ca mt ca s dng c th.

S tun t thm vo chiu thi gian

nhm th hin trc quan th t trao i

ca cc thng ip.

V d v s tun t???

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Sequence diagram, Collaboration diagram

(S tun t, hp tc)

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Activity diagram (S hot ng)

Biu din cc hat ng, chuyn tip cc hot

ng, thng c s dng biu din cc

phng thc phc tp ca lp hoc m ta ca s
dng.

V d???

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Activity diagram (S hot ng)

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Component diagram (S thanh

phn)
nh ngha cc thnh phn ca h
thng v mi lin h gia cc thnh
phn .
Mc ch
T chc m ngun
Xy dng cc module thi hnh
Ch nh c s d liu vt l
c pht trin bi nh thit k v lp
trnh

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Component diagram (S thanh phn)

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Deployment diagram (S trin khai)

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Bai tp
1. Xc nh tc nhn, UC cho bi ton sau. So snh vi DFD
Mt cng ty nc gii kht cn tin hc ha h thng bn sn phm ca h, cng ty
cung cp cc loi nc gm nc ngt, bia, ru, nc sui dng bnh 20 lt. Khi
khch hng c nhu cu mua nc h c th gi in n cng ty yu cu t
hng hoc c th ln website ca cng ty t hng. Sau khi t hng khch hng
c th ln website ca cng ty xem cc n hng t hoc hy n hng nu
cng ty cha giao. Ngoi ra nu khch mua hng vi tng tin t 10 triu ng
tr ln s thnh khch hng thn thit v c gim gi 10% khi mua hng.
Nhn vin sale l ngi nghe in thoi v ghi nhn t hng ca khch hng, nhn
vin ny cng c th hy n hng nu c khch yu cu. Ngoi ra nhn vin
ny cn chu trch nhim qun l cc sn phm trn h thng nh thm sn phm
mi, sa thng tin sn phm v xa sn phm khng cn bn na.
B phn kho trong cng ty xem cc n hng trn h thng sau giao hng v cp
nht tnh trng n hng l ang giao hoc xong. Nu sn phm trong kho khng
giao b phn ny s lp phiu nhp hng v trnh gim c k duyt sau gi
cho nh cung cp mua thm hng.
Gim c c th xem thng k cc n hng theo ngy, theo thng, theo nm v
theo tnh trng n hng (mi, ang giao, xong).
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Bai tp
2. Xc nh tc nhn, UC cho bi ton sau. So snh vi DFD

Cho bi ton qun l Din n trao i hc tp ca khoa Cng

ngh thng tin nh sau:
Tt c mi ngi khi truy cp vo a ch ca din n u c
th xem c thng tin ni dung trao i ca din n, tin tc
trong din n.
Khi mt thnh vin mun gi thng tin ln din n. Thng tin
c th l mt ch cn trao i, hoc mt kin lin quan
n mt ch c a ra, hoc l mt tin tc. Trc
tin, thnh vin phi ng nhp vo h thng vi mt tn v
m ng nhp. Sau khi ng nhp thnh cng, thnh vin c
th s dng chc nng son tho ca h thng son tho
v gi thng tin ln din n. Thnh vin c th xem c cc
thng bo kt qu duyn tin t qun tr v nhng ln gi trc.
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Bai tp
2. Xc nh tc nhn, UC cho bi ton sau. So snh vi DFD

Mt ngi dng khi truy cp th c th ng k thnh vin ca din n. Khi

ng k, ngi dng s phi nhp cc thng tin lin quan nh: h tn, tn
ng nhp, m sinh vin, m ng nhp. Vic ng k c hiu lc sau khi
qun tr duyt v chp nhn.
Khi mt thnh vin ng nhp vo quyn qun tr (qun tr h thng). H
thng s hin th cc thng tin c gi bi cc thnh vin. ng vi mi
thng tin, qun tr c th chp nhn hoc t chi ng thng tin ln din
n:
Khi thng tin c nh du l chp nhn, h thng s cp nht li trng
thi ca thng tin v s hin th thng tin ny ti din n.
Khi thng tin c nh du l t chi, h thng cng s cp nht li trng
thi thng tin v ghi ch v l do t chi thng tin.
Ngoi ra, ngi qun tr cng c th duyt v chp nhn hoc t chi mt
thnh vin mi ng k. Hy mt thnh vin. Cp nht thng tin ca mt
thnh vin.
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