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IC 555 Timer 555
IC 555 Timer 555
555
Digital Electronics
555 Timer
This presentation will
Introduce the 555 Timer.
Going Further.
Detail the operation of a 555 Timer Oscillator.
Derive the equations for period, frequency, and duty cycle for
a 555 Timer Oscillator.
2
Capacitor
A capacitor is an electrical component that can
temporarily store a charge (voltage).
The rate that the capacitor charges/discharges is
a function of the capacitors value and its
resistance.
To understand how the capacitor is used in the
555 Timer oscillator circuit, you must understand
the basic charge and discharge cycles of the
capacitor.
4
VC VFinal VInitial 1 - e
-t/RC
Initial
Where :
VC The voltage across the capacitor
V Final The voltage across the capacitor that is fully charged
V Initial Any initial voltage across the capacitor as it begins to charge
5
12 v
5V
VC
20 mSec
Time
0v
Vcc (8)
T1
Flip-Flop
RESET
SET
COMP2
Output (3)
COMP1
8
Ground (1)
Reset (4)
RA
N/C
3.333 V
Discharge
RB
Output
1.666 V
Threshold /
Trigger
C
Ground
N/C
3.333 v
Vc
1.666 v
0v
tHIGH
HIGH
Output
LOW
t HIGH 0.693R A RB C
10
3.333 v
Vc
1.666 v
0v
tLOW
HIGH
Output
LOW
t LOW 0.693RBC
11
Duty Cycle:
t HIGH 0.693 R A RB C
DC
t HIGH
100%
T
DC
0.693 R A RB C
100%
0.693 R A 2RB C
DC
R
R
RB
100%
2RB
Frequency:
F
F
1
T
1
0.693 R A 2RB C
12
For the 555 Timer oscillator shown below, calculate the circuits,
period (T), frequency (F), and duty cycle (DC).
13
RA 390
RB 180
C 6.8 F
Period:
T 0.693 R A 2RB C
1
F
T
1
F
3.534 mSec
F 282.941 Hz
Duty Cycle:
R R 100%
R 2R
390 180 100%
DC
390 2 180
DC
DC 76%
14
15
Duty Cycle:
1
1
T
400 Sec
f 2.5 kHz
T 0.693 R A 2RB C 400 Sec
R A 2 RB
400 Sec
1228.09
0.693 0.47 f
R A 2 RB 1228.09
DC
R
R
R
R
RB
100% 60%
2RB
RB
0.6
2RB
R A RB 0.6R A 2RB
R A R B 0 .6 R A 1 .2 R B
0.4 R A 0 .2 R B
R A 0 .5 R B
16
Duty Cycle:
RA 2 RB 1228.09
R A 0.5 RB
R A 2 RB 1228.09
0.5 RB 2 RB 1228.09
2.5 RB 1228.09
RB 491.23
Substitute and Solve for RA
R A 2 RB 1228.09
R A 2 491.23 1228.09
R A 982.472 1228.09
R A 245.618
17
Going Further
555 Oscillator
Detail Analysis
18
3.333
v
Vc
1.666
v
0v
RESET
HIGH
LOW
SET
HIGH
LOW
HIGH
LOW
T1
ON
OFF
HIGH
LOW
19
3.333
v
Vc
1.666
v
0v
RESET
HIGH
LOW
SET
HIGH
LOW
HIGH
LOW
T1
ON
OFF
HIGH
LOW
20
3.333
v
Vc
1.666
v
0v
RESET
HIGH
LOW
SET
HIGH
LOW
HIGH
LOW
T1
ON
OFF
HIGH
LOW
21
3.333
v
Vc
1.666
v
0v
RESET
HIGH
LOW
SET
HIGH
LOW
HIGH
LOW
T1
ON
OFF
HIGH
LOW
22
RC
2
1
1
e
31 VCC
3
3
CC
CC
CC
t
2
1
3 VCC 3 VCC
RC
1
e
2
V
3
CC
t
2
3
2
3
1 - e RC
1
2
1 - e RC
1
2
21 e
t
RC
1
ln 2 ln e RC
t
0.693
RC
t HIGH 0.693 R C
t
t HIGH 0.693R A RB C
23
VC VInitial VFinal e RC
RC
1
2
3
3
CC
CC
1
3
VCC
VCC e RC
2
3
VCC RCt
e
2
3 VCC
1
3
e RC
1
2
1
ln 2 ln e RC
t
0.693
RC
t LOW 0.693 R
t
e RC
1
2
24
Duty Cycle:
t HIGH 0.693 R A RB C
DC
t HIGH
100%
T
DC
0.693 R A RB C
100%
0.693 R A 2RB C
DC
R
R
RB
100%
2RB
Frequency:
F
F
1
T
1
0.693 R A 2RB C
25
26
27
28
29