ECERCISES FOR SECTION 1.

2
1. Prove that

1
1
1
n
+
++
=
1.2 2.3
n (n+1) (n+1)

for all

Penyelesaian:
1
1
1
n
+
++
=
1.2 2.3
n (n+1) (n+1)
Misalkan:
n=1 maka:
1
1
1
1
+
++
=
1.2 2.3
1(1+1) (1+1)
1
1
1 1
+
++ =
1.2 2.3
2 2
Misalkan:
n=k +1 maka:
1
1
1
k +1
+
++
=
1.2 2.3
(k +1) ( k +1+1 ) ( k + 1+ 1 )
1
1
1
k+1
+
++
=
1.2 2.3
(k +1)(k +2) (k + 2)
1
1
1
k +1
+
++ 2
=
..(1)
1.2 2.3
k + 3 k +2 (k +2)
Proof:
Misalkan
n=k maka:
1
1
1
k
+
++
=
1.2 2.3
k ( k +1 ) ( k +1 )

nN

1
1
1
1
k
1
+
++
+ 2
=
+ 2
1.2 2.3
k ( k +1 ) k +3 k +2 ( k +1 ) k +3 k +2

kedua 2 ruas

1
k +3 k +2

ditambah

1
1
1
1
k
1
+
++
+ 2
=
+
1.2 2.3
k ( k +1 ) k +3 k +2 ( k +1 ) ( k +1 ) ( k +2 )
k ( k + 2 )+1
1
1
1
1
+
++
+ 2
=
1.2 2.3
k ( k +1 ) k +3 k +2 ( k +1 )( k +2 )
1
1
1
1
k 2 +2 k +1
+
++
+ 2
=
1.2 2.3
k ( k +1 ) k +3 k +2 ( k +1 )( k +2 )

( k +1 )( k +1 )
1
1
1
1
+
++
+ 2
=
1.2 2.3
k ( k +1 ) k +3 k +2 ( k +1 )( k +2 )
1
1
1
1
k +1
+
++
+ 2
=
( 2)
1.2 2.3
k ( k +1 ) k +3 k +2 ( k + 2 )

(1)

Dari

2. Prove that

dan

(2)

maka:terbukti

n+1
1
n
2

3
3
1 + 2 + +n3 =

for all

nN

Penyelesaian:

13+23++n3 =

1
n(n+1)
2

Misalkan:
n=1 maka:
13+ 23+ +13=

1
1(1+1)
2

[ ]

1
1 + 2 + +1= ( 2 )
2
3

13+ 23+ +1= [ 1 ]

3

1 + 2 + +1=1
Misalkan:
n=k +1 maka:

13+ 23+ +(k +1)3 =

1
( k +1)(k +1+1)
2

k +1+
1
( k +1 ) ( ]
2

3
3
3
2
1 + 2 + +k +3 k +3 k +1=

1
13+ 23+ +k 3 +3 k 2+3 k +1= ( k +1 )2 ( k +2 )2
4
k
k
( 2+4 k + 4)
( 2+ 2 k+ 1)
1
13+ 23+ +k 3 +3 k 2+3 k +1=
4
k

1
3
3
3
2
1 + 2 + +k +3 k +3 k +1=
4
k
( 4 +6 k +13 k 2 +12 k + 4 )
1
13+ 23+ +k 3 +3 k 2+3 k +1=
4
3

13+ 23+ +k 3 +3 k 2+3 k +1=

Proof:
Misalkan

n=k

k + 6 k +13 k +12 k + 4
(1)
4

maka:

13+ 23+ +k 3 =

1
k ( k +1 )
2

1
1 + 2 + +k +(k +1) = k ( k +1 ) +(k+ 1)3
2
3

(kedua 2 ruas ditambah

13+ 23+ +k 3 + ( k +1 )3=
3

13+ 23+ +k 3 + ( k +1 ) =

(k +1)3 )
2

1
k ( k + 1 ) + k 3 +3 k 2 +3 k +1
2

[( )

1 2
k (k +1)2 + k 3 +3 k 2 +3 k +1
2

k
k ( 2+2 k +1)
1 2

3
13+ 23+ +k 3 + ( k +1 ) =
2

()

k
( 4 +2 k 3 +k 2 )
1

3
3
1 + 2 + +k 3 + ( k +1 )3=
3

13+ 23+ +k 3 + ( k +1 ) =
3

13+ 23+ +k 3 + ( k +1 ) =
3

13+ 23+ +k 3 + ( k +1 ) =

Dari

( 1 ) dan

3. Prove that

(2)

k 4 + 2k 3+ k 2 +4 k 3 +12 k 2+ 12 k+ 4
4
k 4 + 2k 3+ k 2 +4 k 3 +12 k 2+ 12 k+ 4
4
k 4 + 6 k 3 +13 k 2 +12 k +4
..(2)
4
maka:terbukti

3+11++ ( 8 n5 )=4 n2n

for all

Penyelesaian:
3+11+ + ( 8 n5 )=4 n2n
4

nN

Misalkan:
n=1 maka:
3+11+ + ( 8 ( 1 )5 ) =4 (1 )2 1
3+11+ + ( 3 )=3
Misalkan:
n=k +1 maka:
2

3+11+ + ( 8 ( k +1 ) 5 )=4 ( k +1 ) k +1
k
4 ( 2+ 2 k +1)k +1
3+11+ + ( 8 k +85 )=
3+11+ + ( 8 k +3 ) =4 k 2+ 8 k + 4k +1
2

3+11+ + ( 8 k +3 ) =4 k + 7 k +3 ( 1)
Proof:
Misalkan

n=k

maka:
2

3+11+ + ( 8 k5 )=4 k k
3+11+ + ( 8 k5 )+ ( 8 k +3 ) =4 k 2k + ( 8 k +3 )

kedua 2 ruas ditambah

( 8 k +3 )
3+11+ + ( 8 k5 )+ ( 8 k +3 ) =4 k 2k + 8 k +3
3+11+ + ( 8 k5 )+ ( 8 k +3 ) =4 k 2+ 7 k +3 .(2)
Dari

(1)

4. Prove that

dan

(2)

maka:terbukti

12+ 32+ +( 2n1)2 =

4 n n
3

Penyelesaian:
12+ 32+ +(2n1)2 =

4 n n
3

Misalkan:
5

for all

nN

n=1 maka:
2

1 + 3 + +(2(1)1) =

1 + 3 + +1=

4 (1) 1
3

3
3

12+ 32+ +1=1

Misalkan:
n=k +1 maka:
3

4( k +1) (k +1)
1 + 3 + +(2(k +1)1) =
3
2

k
4( 3+3 k 2 +3 k +1 )(k +1)
3
2
2
1 +3 ++((2k + 2)1)2=
k
4( 3+3 k +3 k +1 )( k + 1 )
3
2
2
1 +3 + + ( 2 k +1 )2=
2

12+ 32+ + ( 2 k +1 ) =

4 k 3 +12 k 2 +12 k +4k 1

3

12+ 32+ +(2k + 1)2=

4 k 3 +12 k 2 +11 k +3
.(1)
3

Misalkan:
n=k maka:
12+ 32+ +(2k 1)2=

4 k 3k
3

12+ 32+ +(2k 1)2+(2 k +1)2=

4 k 3 k (
2
+ 2 k +1 )
3

kedua 2 ruas ditambah

(2 k +1)2
12+ 32+ +(2k 1)2+(2 k +1)2=

4 k 3 k
+4 k 2 +4 k +1
3

12+ 32+ +(2k 1)2+(2 k +1)2=

4 k k +12 k +12 k +3
3

12+ 32+ +( 2k 1)2+(2 k +1)2=

4 k +12 k +11 k + 3
3

( 1 ) dan

Dari

(2)

maka:terbukti

12+ 22+3 2+ + (1 )

5. Prove that

n+1

n2=(1)n+1

n (n+1)
2

for all

Penyelesaian:
12+ 22+3 2+ + (1 )

n+1

n2=(1)n+1

n (n+1)
2

Misalkan:
n=1 maka:
1 +1

12+ 22+3 2+ + (1 )

(1)2=(1)1+1

12+ 22+3 2+ + (1 )2 (1)2=(1)2

2

1(1+1)
2

2
2

1 + 2 +3 + +1=1
Misalkan:
n=k +1 maka:
(k+1)+1

(k +1)2=(1)(k +1)+1

(k +1)((k +1)+1)
2

(k+1)+1

(k +1)2=(1)(k +1)+1

(k +1)((k +1)+1)
2

12+ 22+3 2+ + (1 )
12+ 22+3 2+ + (1 )
12+ 22+3 2+ + (1 )

k+2

(k +1)2=(1)k+2

(k +1)(k + 2)
2

k
k 2+ 3 k +2
..(1)
2
12 +22 +32 ++ (1 )k+2

( 2+2 k +1)=(1)k+2

nN

Proof:
Misalkan

n=k

maka:

12+ 22+3 2+ + (1 )

k+1

k 2=(1)k+1

k (k +1)
2

k
k
( 2+2 k +1)
k+ 2
k+1 k (k +1)
( 2+2 k +1)=(1)
+ (1 )
2
k +1 2
k+2
2
2
2
1 +2 +3 ++ (1 ) k + (1 )

kedua 2 ruas ditambah

k
( 2+2 k +1)
(1 )k+2

k
k
( 2+ 2 k +1)
k (k +1)
k
( 2+2 k +1)=(1)k (1)1
+ (1 ) (1)2
2
k+1
k+2
12 +22 +32 ++ (1 ) k 2 + (1 )
k
k
( 2+2 k +1)
k (k + 1)
( 2+2 k +1)=(1 )k (1)
+ (1 )k (1)
2
12 +22 +32 ++ (1 )k +1 k 2+ (1 )k+ 2
k
k
( 2+2 k +1)
k ( k +1 )
( 2+2 k +1)=(1 )k
+ (1 )k
2
2
2
2
k+1 2
1 + 2 +3 + + (1 ) k + (1 )k +2

k
k
( 2+2 k +1)
2
k k k
k
( 2+2 k +1)=(1 )
+ (1 )
2
k+1 2
k +2
2
2
2
1 + 2 +3 + + (1 ) k + (1 )
k
k
( 2+2 k +1)
2
k k k
( 2+2 k +1)=(1 )
+
2
k+1
k +2
12+ 22+3 2+ + (1 ) k 2 + (1 )
k
k
( 2+2 k +1)
k 2k
+
2
k
( 2+2 k +1)=(1 )
12+ 22+3 2+ + (1 )k+1 k 2 + (1 )k +2
k
2
2
k k k +2 k + 4 k +2
( 2+2 k +1)=(1 )
2
2
2
2
k +1 2
k +2
1 +2 +3 ++ (1 ) k + (1 )

k
k 2 +3 k +2
( 2+2 k +1)=(1 )k
( 2)
2
12+ 22+3 2+ + (1 )k+1 k 2 + (1 )k +2

Dari

(1)

6. Prove that

dan
n3 +5 n

(2)

maka:terbukti

is divisible by

Penyelesaian:
n3 +5 n6
Misalkan:
n=k +1 maka:

for all

nN

(k +1)3 +5(k + 1)
k 3 +3 k 2+3 k + 1+ 5 k +5
k 3 +3 k 2+8 k +6
k 3 +3 k 2+(3 k +5 k )+6
k 3 +5 k +3 k (k +1)+6
7. Prove that

52 n1

terbukti
8

is divisible by

for all

nN

Penyelesaian:
2n
5 18
Misalkan:
n=k +1 maka:
52(k +1)1
52 k+2 1
52 k .52 1
52 k .251
8. Prove that

terbukti
5n4 n1 is divisible by

Penyelesaian:
5n4 n116
Misalkan:
n=k +1 maka:
n

5 4 n1
5

(k +1)

4(k +1)1

5k .54 k 5
5k .5(4 k +5)

terbukti

10

16

for all

nN

9. Prove that

n3 + ( n+1 )3 + ( n+ 2 )3 is divisible by

Penyelesaian:
n3 + ( n+1 )3 +(n+2)39
Misalkan:
n=k +1 maka:
n3 + ( n+1 )3 + ( n+ 2 )3
3

(k +1) + ((k +1)+1 ) +(( k +1)+2)

k +2
( )

( k +3)

(k +1)3 +

11

for all

nN