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  • B04 4.01 + 4.02 Summary Tables

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    This document summarizes different types of anaemia. It describes three main types: blood loss anaemia, iron deficiency anaemia, and haemolytic anaemia. Blood film findings, causes, investigations, and management are provided for each type. Leukaemias are also summarized, including the main subtypes of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, acute myeloid leukaemia, chronic myeloid leukaemia, and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Key features such as morphology, immunophenotyping, cytogenetics, and clinical presentation are outlined for each leukaemia.

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    This document summarizes different types of anaemia. It describes three main types: blood loss anaemia, iron deficiency anaemia, and haemolytic anaemia. Blood film findings, causes, investigations, and management are provided for each type. Leukaemias are also summarized, including the main subtypes of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, acute myeloid leukaemia, chronic myeloid leukaemia, and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Key features such as morphology, immunophenotyping, cytogenetics, and clinical presentation are outlined for each leukaemia.

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    13 views1 page

    B04 4.01 + 4.02 Summary Tables

    Uploaded by

    noob1314
    This document summarizes different types of anaemia. It describes three main types: blood loss anaemia, iron deficiency anaemia, and haemolytic anaemia. Blood film findings, causes, investigations, and management are provided for each type. Leukaemias are also summarized, including the main subtypes of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, acute myeloid leukaemia, chronic myeloid leukaemia, and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Key features such as morphology, immunophenotyping, cytogenetics, and clinical presentation are outlined for each leukaemia.

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    of 1

    ANAEMIA

    Blood Loss

    MCV
    -

    Blood Film
    reticulocytes

    Megaloblastic

    Oval Macrocytes
    Hyper-segmented neutrophils
    Ansio/poikilocytosis
    Tear Drops
    May have WCC and platelets

    Iron Deficiency

    Hypochromic microcytic
    Target Cells

    Haemolysis

    Spherocytes
    Reticulocytes

    Hx
    Shock, trauma,
    haemorrhage,
    melena,
    menorrhagia
    Diet
    Surgery
    Jaundice
    Bruising
    Infections
    Autoimmune
    growth
    Angular
    stomatitis
    Glossitis
    Koilonychia
    Diet, Surgery
    Jaundice
    Splenomegaly

    Ix
    Iron deficiency
    Cause of bleeding
    WCC and Platelets

    Mx
    Treat
    cause of
    bleeding

    Folate
    B12 Levels
    Anti-IF and anti-parietal cell Ab
    Signs of ineffective erythropoiesis
    bilirubin and LDH

    Replace
    B12 or
    Folate

    Iron Studies
    Serum Fe
    Serum transferrin
    Saturation

    Replace
    Iron

    Ferritin
    Bilirubin + LDH
    Haptoglobin (binds Haem)
    Coombs Test anti-RBC Ab

    LEUKAEMIAS
    Type
    ALL
    Typically occurs in
    childhood
    Majority are B cell
    AML
    Late adulthood

    Morphology
    Clumped Chromatin
    Scant cytoplasm
    No granules
    Inconspicuous nucleoli
    Delicate chromatin
    Much cytoplasm
    Fine granules
    Auer rods

    ImmunoPhenotyping
    B lineage TdT,
    CD19, CD10
    T linage CD7,
    CD3m TdT
    Myeloid CD33,
    CD13

    Cytogenetics
    T(9,22) Ph
    chromosome
    BCR-abl tyr kinase)
    AMPL = t(15,17)
    RAR-PML treat
    with ATRA

    Chronic Leukaemia
    CML

    CLL

    Clinical Features
    Often incidental finding
    Splenomegaly
    Low or high platelet count
    High WCC hyperviscosity
    numbers of myeloid cells ranging from
    blasts to mature cells in blood and bone
    marrow
    Incidental finding
    Lymphadenopathy, Hepatosplenomegaly
    Bone marrow failure pancytopenia
    Autoimmune complications
    Peripheral blood contains high numbers of
    small, round lymphocytes with scant
    cytoplasm fragile smudge cells
    numbers lymphocytes in bone marrow

    Diagnosis
    Philadelphia Chromosome
    Average survival = 4 years

    Immunophenotyping CD5 +
    CD19 and surface kappa or
    lambda
    Identify lymphocytosis as due to
    the clonal expansion of a single
    cell
    Average survival = 6-8 years

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