BSSPAR1: Chapter 5

Measurement Processing

Nokia Siemens Networks

Legal Notice
Intellectual Property Rights
All copyrights and intellectual property rights for Nokia Siemens Networks training documentation, product
documentation and slide presentation material, all of which are forthwith known as Nokia Siemens Networks
training material, are the exclusive property of Nokia Siemens Networks . Nokia Siemens Networks owns the
rights to copying, modification, translation, adaptation or derivatives including any improvements or
developments. Nokia Siemens Networks has the sole right to copy, distribute, amend, modify, develop,
license, sublicense, sell, transfer and assign the Nokia Siemens Networks training material.
Individuals can use the Nokia Siemens Networks training material for their own personal self-development
only, those same individuals cannot subsequently pass on that same Intellectual Property to others without
the prior written agreement of Nokia Siemens Networks .
The Nokia Siemens Networks training material cannot be used outside of an agreed Nokia Siemens Networks
training session for development of groups without the prior written agreement of Nokia Siemens Networks.

Nokia Siemens Networks

Module Objectives
Explain the coding of RX level and RX quality measurements and the
mapping of bit error and frame erasure measurements to RX qualities
Discuss the execution of measurements by the MS, when it is in idle or
dedicated mode
Indicate the criteria to add adjacent cell data to the enhanced measurement
report
Give an overview about the processing of measurement data obtained by the
MS or BTS
Explain the pre-processing of measurement data by the BTS
Discuss the normal averaging performed by the BSC for normal and DTX
traffic
Describe the fast averaging performed during call set up, after handover and
after power control
Explain the book keeping options to reduce the amount of measurement data
Explain Enhanced Measurement Reporting (EMR)

Nokia Siemens Networks

Introduction

Measurement
Report

Measurements

Standard

Enhanced

Idle mode

Dedicated mode

Rx level
Rx quality
Level & BSIC of up
to 6 neighbours
3G cells

Standard + following:
DL frame erasure rate
DTX bit error probability
Real time difference serving
adjacent cell
3G cells
Control over reporting priority

MS listens
to BCCH

MS sends DL
measurement report on
SACCH
BTS performs UL
measurements

Nokia Siemens Networks

Coding of Rx Level

P (dBm)
No offset

P (dBm)
10 dB offset

LEV

-110
-109
-108
.
.
.
-49
-48
-47

-100
-99
-98
.
.
.
-39
-38
-37

0
1
2
.
.
.
61
62
63

Activation of offset to code high levels

scaleOrd (SCO)(SEG)(0,1,2)(0)
0 = no offset used
1 = offset used in general
2 = MS decides automatically about offset

Nokia Siemens Networks

Coding of Rx Quality

Nokia Siemens Networks

BER (%)

BER (%)

RANGE
< 0.2
0.2-0.4
0.4-0.8
0.8-1.6
1.6-3.2
3.2-6.4
6.4-12.8
> 12.8

MEAN
0.14
0.28
0.57
1.13
2.26
4.53
9.05
18.1

QUAL

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Mapping of BEP to RX Quality

Nokia Siemens Networks

BEP

BER (%)

QUAL

VALUE
22..31
19..21
16..18
13..15
10..12
7..9
4..6
0..3

RANGE
< 0.2
0.2-0.4
0.4-0.8
0.8-1.6
1.6-3.2
3.2-6.3
6.3-12.6
> 12.6

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Mapping of FER to RX Quality

X axis: frame erasure rate (< 1%, 1-5 %, 5-10 %, 10-15 %, > 15 %)
Y axis: RX quality (0..7)
Z axis: Percentage of measurements for each FER category
Frame Erasure Rate for Handover / Power Control Decision
fepInPcHoUse (FPHO)(BSC)(Y,N)(N)
8

Nokia Siemens Networks

MS Measurement Execution
Idle Mode

Decoding of BCCH
for serving (camped) cell every 30 s
for adjacent cells every 5 min
Pre-synchronization and decoding of BSIC
for adjacent cells every 30 s
Adjacent cell list
Updating every 60 s
BCCH decoding of new cell in 30 s

Nokia Siemens Networks

MS Measurement Execution
Dedicated Mode I

SACCH PERIOD = 480 ms

26 FRAME MULTIFRAME = 120 ms

TDMA FRAMES

TDMA FRAMES
4.615 ms

RX

TX

MEAS RX

TCH

MEAS

TX

RX

TX

MEAS

BSIC decoding for at least one adjacent cell

Pre-synchronization on SCH
Measures frequencies of adjacent cells
Measures RX level and quality for serving cell
Detects whether DTX is used
10

Nokia Siemens Networks

SACCH

IDLE

MS Measurement Execution
Dedicated Mode II

Pre-synchronisation and decoding of BSIC

for adjacent cells every 10s
New adjacent cell
Pre-synchronisation and decoding of BSIC in 5s
If not successful -> old adjacent cell list + new try
Measurement results of best adjacent cells sent to BSC every SACCH period 480 msec

11

Nokia Siemens Networks

Measurement Processing Overview

Power
control ?

MS + BTS
Measurements
Measurements

Averaging
Averagingby
byBSC
BSC
Normal or fast
Independently for handover and
power control

Averaging by BTS
Over 1-4 SACCH periods

For normal and DTX traffic

Handover ?
For RX level, RX quality and
Distance between MS and BTS

Measurements
Measurements

Averaging
Averagingby
byBSC
BSC
For all or currently best cells

MS

With / without elimination of

zero results

Bookkeeping
Bookkeeping

12

Nokia Siemens Networks

Pre-processing by the BTS

Both for MS and BTS measurements

Averaging over 1-4 SACCH periods
Delay of (btsMeasAver - 1) * 480 ms
Reduced transmission and processing load in BSC (-> Abis interface when
16 kbit signalling is used)
No sliding window
BTS averaging controlled by
btsMeasAver (BMA)(SEG)(1..4)(1)

13

Nokia Siemens Networks

Slow Averaging in the BSC

Normal Traffic

8 SACCH
45
2 SACCH

35

50

25

20

20

10

Average = 39
Average = 33

btsMeasAver = 2
ho/pcAverageLevDL/UL = 4
-> 8 / 2 = 4 BTS samples per window

Average = 29
Average = 19
Average = 16

Size of sliding window (SACCH periods)

hoAverageLevDL/UL
hoAverageQualDL/UL
pcAverageLevDL/UL
pcAverageQuakDL/UL
msDistanceAveragingParam
handover

14

Nokia Siemens Networks

1..32
1..32
1..32
1..32
1..32

for Rx level for handover

for Rx quality for handover
for Rx level for power control
for RX quality for power control
for distance MS-BTS for MS distance

15

Slow Averaging in the BSC

DTX Traffic

DTX

Weight 1

45

35 50

25

20 20 10 15

btsMeasAver = 1
ho/pcAverageLevDL/UL = 4

Average = (1*45 + 2*35 + 2*50 + 1*25) / 6 = 40

Average = (2*35 + 2*50 + 1*25 + 2*20) / 7 = 34
Average = (2*50 + 1*25 + 2*20 + 2*20) / 7 = 29
Average = (1*25 + 2*20 + 2*20 + 1*10) / 7 = 16
Average = (2*20 + 2*20 + 1*10 + 1*15) / 6 = 15
Weight of BTS sample

15

hoAverageLevDL/UL 1..3
hoAverageQualDL/UL 1..3
pcAverageLevDL/UL 1..3
pcAverageQuakDL/UL 1..3

for Rx level for handover

for Rx quality for handover
for Rx level for power control
for RX quality for power control

DTX Control
dtxMode

0 = optional, 1 = mandatory, 2 = not used

Nokia Siemens Networks

0..2

Fast Averaging in the BSC

After Handover

8 SACCH
45
2 SACCH

Handover
35

50

25

40

45

30

35

50

Average = 39
40 / 1 = 40

btsMeasAver = 2
ho/pcAverageLevDL/UL = 4
-> 8 / 2 = 4 BTS samples per window

(40+45) / 2 = 43
(40+45+30) / 3 = 39
(40+45+30+35) / 4 = 38
(45+30+35+50) / 4 = 40

Fast Averaging during Call Set Up

enaFastAveCallSetup (EFA)(HOC)(Y/N)(N)
Fast Averaging after Handover
enaFastAveHO (EFH)(HOC)(Y/N)(N)

16

Nokia Siemens Networks

Fast Averaging in the BSC

RX Level after Power Control

8 SACCH
45
2 SACCH

Power Increase 10 dB
35

50

25

60

35

30

30

20

measured values
45
55
Scaled values

(45+35+50+25) / 4 = 39
(45+60+35+30) / 4 = 43
btsMeasAver = 2
ho/pcAverageLevDL/UL = 4
-> 8 / 2 = 4 BTS samples per window

(60+35+30+30) / 4 = 39
(35+30+20+25) / 4 = 28
(30+30+20+25) / 4 = 27

Fast Averaging after Power Control

enaFastAvePC (EFP)(HOC)(Y/N)(N)

17

Nokia Siemens Networks

25

Fast Averaging in the BSC

RX Quality after Power Control

8 SACCH
4
2 SACCH

Power Control
3

Average = 39
2/1=2

btsMeasAver = 2
ho/pcAverageLevDL/UL = 4
-> 8 / 2 = 4 BTS samples per window

(2+1) / 2 = 2
(2+1+1) / 3 = 1
(2+1+1+0) / 4 = 1
(1+1+0+1) / 4 = 1

Fast Averaging after Power Control

enaFastAvePC (EFP)(HOC)(Y/N)(N)

18

Nokia Siemens Networks

Modified Average Window

due to MS Speed
BTS

btsMeasAver = 1
ho/pcAverageLevDL/UL = 4
msSpeedDetectionState = 100
window size = 4

Slow MS
Large average window

Slow mobile
BSC

Fast mobile
Scaling 50%

BTS

Fast MS
Small average window

btsMeasAver = 1
ho/pcAverageLevDL/UL = 4
msSpeedDetectionState = 50
window size = 2

Enable Modified Window Size

msSpeedDetectionState (SDS)(HOC)(0..100)(0)
0
1..100

19

= MS speed used to decide about macro / micro cell handover

= no handover due to MS speed
scaling of average window to indicated percentage

Nokia Siemens Networks

Book Keeping
BSC can maintain up to 32 last measurements for up to 32 adjacent cells
averagingWindowSizeAdjCell (AWS)(HOC)(132)(6)
Window size for averaging the signal quality, signal level and distance measurement results of adjacent cells
allAdjacentCellsAveraged (AAC)(HOC)(Y/N)(N)
N = MS sends data for currently 6 best 2G cells only (other data set to zero result)
allUtranAdjAver (UAAC)(HOC)(Y/N)(N)
N = MS sends data for currently 3 best 3G cells only (other data set to zero result)
numberOfZeroResults (NOZ)(HOC)(0..7)(2)
Maximum number of 2G zero results to be ignored for BSC averaging
noOfZeroResUtran (UNOZ)(HOC)(0..32)(5)
Maximum number of 3G zero results to be ignored for BSC averaging

BTS Sample ->

allAdjacentCellsAveraged = N
numberOfZeroResults = 2

20

Nokia Siemens Networks

Cell
->

btsMeasAver = 1
AveragingWindowSizeAdjCell = 8

1
2
3
4
5
6

1
-65
-73
-77
-85
-90
-97

2
-67
-75
0
-83
-94
-99

3
-71
-74
-80
-87
-91
-98

4
-69
-75
-79
-88
-90
-99

5
-72
-76
-81
-84
-95
-96

6
-70
-77
-79
0
-93
-97

7
-73
-75
0
-86
-92
0

8
-71
-77
-80
-87
-90
0

Average
-70
-76
-79
-86
-92
-98

Enhanced Measurement Report (EMR)

The enhanced measurement reporting based on 3GPP TS 44.018 (new downlink
measurement report) provides the system with enhanced serving and neighbour
cell measurements:
Number of Frames Erased
Downlink Frame Erasure Rate (DL FER)
Usage of Bit Error Probability (BEP) instead of Rx Quality
Extended RXLEV range for signal strength
Enlarged number of reported neighbours; up to 15
WCDMA neighbours reporting capability
GSM BTS
BSC
Dualmode MS

Enhanced Measurement is
supported by 3GPP Rel 99 terminals
with EMR reporting capability

Abis

SACCH uplink block

(Enhanced Measurement
Report)

21

Nokia Siemens Networks

MEASUREMENT
RESULT
(Enhanced Measurement)

EMR Reporting
FIFILE parameter EMR_SUPPORT_IN_BSC
Requirements
EMR capable MS (Rel 99 onwards)
BSS S11 or later
Idle BA list is not used in the serving cell (except if DFCA is active, then
idle BA list and EMR can work together)

MEASUREMENT INFORMATION message

Sent by BSC to MS
Neighbour cell BSIC codes (in addition to BCCH)
RTD (Real time difference) information of neighbour cells (those under
same BSC and in LMU sync)

User defined parameters for EMR reporting

22

Nokia Siemens Networks

Adjacent cell reporting (EMR)

Upto 15 GSM and WCDMA RAN neighbour cells in one report
BSC sends reporting parameters to MS in MEASUREMENT INFORMATION message
MS reports neighbours in order of priority set by the reporting parameters
Priority of
reporting

Neighbour cells

Threshold for reporting a neighbour

cell

Max number of
reported neighbours in
the category

GSM neighbour cells with known and valid BSIC from the
frequency band of the serving cell

GSM neighbour cells with RX Level

equal to or greater than reporting
threshold (RTxx) for the specific band

serving band reporting

(SBR)

GSM neighbour cells with known and valid BSIC from

other than the serving cell frequency band

GSM neighbour cells with RX Level

equal to or greater than reporting
threshold (RTxx) for the specific band

multiband cell reporting

(MBR) parameter.

Best valid cells from the WCDMA RAN neighbour cell list.

WCDMA neighbour cells with Rx Level

>= reportingParamsFdd (FRT)

number of measured
FDD cells (FDMR)

Remaining GSM neighbour cells with known and valid

BSIC
The GSM cells with known and allowed network colour
code (NCC) part of BSIC from any GSM frequency band (
if indicated by the invalid BSIC reporting (IBR))

Remaining valid WCDMA RAN neighbour cells.

23

Nokia Siemens Networks

Enhanced Measurement Report

Adjacent Cell Categories

Standard Report

Enhanced Report

Six best adjacent 2G cells

Best adjacent 2G and 3G cells

according 4 categories

Category
1
2
3
4

Cell Type
2G
2G
3G
2G/3G

BSIC

Frequency

known + valid
known + valid
for 2G only valid NCC

RX Level Offset
Can be used for cells of categories 1-3
Gives cells higher preference
Reduced Reporting Rate
Can be used for cells of category 4
24

Nokia Siemens Networks

RX threshold

serving cell
other

yes
yes
yes
no

Enhanced Measurement Report

Parameters

Number of adjacent cells to be added to enhanced report

servingBandReporting
multiCellBandReporting
fddMultirateRep
invalidBsicReporting

0..3 cells of category 1

0..3 cells of category 2
0..3 cells of category 3
0..1 cells of category 4 with invalid BSIC

RX level threshold to be exceeded by cells of category 1-3

reportingParamsXXX

cells of category 1 and 2

XXX stands for GSM band (850, 900, 1800, 1900)
3 kinds of settings: cell added to category 1/2 anyhow
cell must exceed threshold of 6..36 dB
cell not added to category 1/2 at all

reportingParamsFdd

cells of category 3
3 kinds of settings like for category 1 and 2

RX level offset for cells of category 1-3

reportingParamsXXX
reportingParamsFdd

25

Nokia Siemens Networks

cells of category 1 and 2

XXX stands for GSM band (850, 900, 1800, 1900)
offset between 0..42 dB
cells of category 3
offset between 0..42 dB

Reporting thresholds and offsets

Reporting thresholds for Priority 1 and 2 cells are set for each
band

Parameter

Remark

reportingParams850
(RT8)(HOC)(0..7)(0)

Threshold for GSM 850 cell. If the parameter is

set to 0, the cell is put into category 1 and 2 in
general. If it is set to 1..6, the threshold is 6..36
dB (in steps of 6 dB). If it is set to 7, the cell
will not enter category 1 or 2 at all.

reportingParams900
(RT9)(HOC)(0..7)(0)

Threshold for GSM 900 cell. The parameter is

applied by the same way as for GSM 850.

reportingParams1800
(RT18)(HOC)(0..7)(0)

Threshold for GSM 900 cell. The parameter is

applied by the same way as for GSM 850.

reportingParams1900
(RT19)(HOC)(0..7)(0)

Threshold for GSM 900 cell. The parameter is

applied by the same way as for GSM 850.

Parameter

Remark

reportingParams850
(R8)(HOC)(0..7)(0)

Rx level offset for GSM 850 cell. The setting

0..7 correspond to an offset of 0..42 dB (in
steps of 6 dB).

reportingParams900
(R9)(HOC)(0..7)(0)

Rx level offset for GSM 900 cell. The

parameter is applied by the same way as for
GSM 850.

reportingParams1800
(R18)(HOC)(0..7)(0)

Rx level offset for GSM 900 cell. The

parameter is applied by the same way as for
GSM 850.

reportingParams1900
(R19)(HOC)(0..7)(0)

Rx level offset for GSM 900 cell. The

parameter is applied by the same way as for
GSM 850.

Reporting offset can be set for Priority 1 and 2 cells to favour

these cells

26

Nokia Siemens Networks

Measurement Averaging in BTS (EMR)

Averaging in BTS controlled by btsMeasAver (BMA)(14, step 1)(Default = 1)

27

Nokia Siemens Networks

Name of the field

Handling of the field in averaging

BA_USED

Set according to the latest report

3G_BA_USED

Set according to the latest report

BSIC_Seen

Set 1 if set 1 in any of reports to be averaged

SCALE

Set according to the latest report

DTX_USED

Set "used" if set "used" in any of reports to be averaged

RXLEV_VAL

Averaged

RX_QUAL_FULL

Averaged

MEAN_BEP

Averaged

NBR_RCVD_BLOCKS

Set according to the latest report

BCCH-FREQ-NCELL

Corresponding to RXLEV-NCELL -values

BSIC

Corresponding to RXLEV-NCELL -values

RXLEV-NCELL

Averaged

REPORTING_QUANTI
TY

Averaged