Force Method PDF

Method of Consistent
Deformation
Structural Analysis
By
R. C. Hibbeler
Theory of Structures-II
M Shahid Mehmood
Department of Civil Engineering
Swedish College of Engineering and Technology, Wah Cantt
FRAMES
Method of consistent deformation is very useful for

solving problems involving statically indeterminate
frames for single story and unusual geometry.
Problems involving multistory frames, or with high

indeterminacy are best solved using the slope deflection
or moment distribution or the stiffness methods.
2
University of Engineering & Technology, Taxila
Example 6
Determine the support reactions on the frame shown. EI
is constant.
8 kN/m
5m
4m
Actual Frame
B
3
Solution
Principle of Superposition
8 kN/m
5m
4m
Actual Frame
B
By inspection the frame is indeterminate to the first

degree.
4
Solution
We will choose the horizontal reaction at support B as
the redundant.
The pin at B is replaced by the roller, since a roller will
not constraint B in the horizontal direction.
8 kN/m
A
Primary Structure B
B 5
8 kN/m
Solution
A
Primary Structure
8 kN/m
A = + B
5m A
4m redundant Bx
Actual Frame applied
B
B
Bx
Bx fBB6
8 kN/m
Solution
A
Compatibility Equation

0 B Bx f BB
Primary Structure
8 kN/m
A = + B
5m A
4m redundant Bx
Actual Frame applied
B
B
Bx
Bx fBB7
Solution
0 B Bx f BB
The terms B and fBB will be computed using the method

of virtual work.
The frame s x coordinates and internal moments are
shown in figure.
It is important that in each case the selected coordinate
x1 or x2 be the same for both the real and virtual loadings.
Also the positive directions for M and m must be same.
8
Solution
For B we require application of real loads and a virtual
unit load at B
8 kN/m
A A
1 kN
x1
M 1 20 x1 4 x12 x1
m1 0.8 x1
20 kN 0.8 kN
M2 0 m2 1x2
x2 x2
B B
1 kN
20 kN 0.8 kN
9
Solution
B
Mm L
dx 1
2
1 1
5 20 x 4 x 0.8 x dx
1

4 01x dx
2 2
dx
0 EI 0 EI 0 EI
166.7 166.7
0
EI EI
8 kN/m
A A
1 kN
M 1 20 x1 4 2x1 m1 0.8 x1
x1 x1
20 kN 0.8 kN
M2 0 m2 1x2
x2 x2
B B
1 kN
10
20 kN 0.8 kN
Solution
For fBB we require application of real unit load acting at B
and a virtual unit load acting at B
A
1 kN
x1
m1 0.8 x1
0.8 kN
m2 1x2
x2
B
1 kN
0.8 kN
11
Solution
f BB
mmL
dx
0.8 x1 dx15

01x2 dx2
2
dx
4
2
0 EI 0 EI 0 EI
26.7 21.3 48.0

EI EI EI
A
1 kN
x1
m1 0.8 x1
0.8 kN
m2 1x2
x2
B
1 kN
12
0.8 kN
Solution
0 B Bx f BB (1)
Substituting the data in Eq. (1)
166.7 48.0
0 Bx
EI EI
Bx 3.47 kN ANS
13
Solution
Equilibrium Condition
Showing Bx on the free body diagram of the frame in the
correct direction, and applying the equations of
equilibrium, we have
40 kN
A
Ax
2.5 m 2.5 m
Ay
4m
B
3.47 kN
By 14
40 kN
Solution
A
Equilibrium Condition Ax
2.5 m 2.5 m
Ay
4m
B
3.47 kN

Fx 0;
By
Ax 3.47 0 Ax 3.47 kN
M A 0; 402.5 B y 5-3.474 0 By 22.8 kN
Fy 0; Ay 40 22.8 0 Ay 17.2 kN
15
Example 7
Determine the moment at fixed support A for the frame
shown. EI is constant.
B
ft
b/
0l
4 ft
10
t
5f
C
8 ft
A
3 ft
Actual Frame 16
Solution
B
ft
b/
0l
4 ft
10
t
5f
C
8 ft Actual Frame
A
3 ft
By inspection the frame is indeterminate to the first

degree. 17
Solution
B
MA can be directly obtained by
ft
b/
0l
choosing as the redundant.
10
C
The capacity of the frame to
support a moment at A is Actual Frame
removed and therefore a pin is
used at A for support. A
18
Solution
Compatibility Equation 0 A M A AA (1)
Reference to point A
B B B
ft
ft
b/
b/
0l
0l
10
10
C = C + C
A MAAA
A A
A MA
actual frame primary structure Redundant MA applied

19
Solution
0 A M A AA (1)
The terms A and AA will be computed using the method

of virtual work.
The frame s x coordinates and internal moments are

shown in figure.
20
Solution
Reference to point A
222.5 lb 0.05 lb
500 lb
370.8 lb
3 5 0.0833 lb
4 x2 x2
296.7 lb 0.0667 lb
M 2 296.7 x2 50 x22 m2 0.0667 x2
M 1 29.17 x1 m1 1 0.0833 x1
x1 x1
29.17 lb 0.0833 lb
1 lb.ft
0 21
300 lb
Solution
For A we require application of real loads and a virtual
unit couple moment at A
222.5 lb 0.05 lb
500 lb
370.8 lb
3 5 0.0833 lb
4 x2 x2
296.7 lb 0.0667 lb
M 2 296.7 x2 50 x22 m2 0.0667 x2
M 1 29.17 x1 m1 1 0.0833 x1
x1 x1
29.17 lb 0.0833 lb
1 lb.ft
0 22
300 lb
A
MmL
dx
8 29.17 x 1 0.0833 x dx
1 1 1
2
5 296.7 x 50 x 0.0067 x dx
2
2 2 2
0 EI 0 EI 0 EI
518.5 303.2 821.8

EI EI EI
222.5 lb 0.05 lb
500 lb
370.8 lb
3 5 0.0833 lb
4 x2 x2
296.7 lb 0.0667 lb
M 2 296.7 x2 50 x22 m2 0.0667 x2
M 1 29.17 x1 m1 1 0.0833 x1
x1 x1
29.17 lb 0.0833 lb
1 lb.ft
0 23
300 lb
Solution
For AA we require application of real unit couple
moment and a virtual unit couple moment at A
0.05 lb
0.0833 lb
x2
0.0667 lb
m2 0.0667 x2
m1 1 0.0833 x1
x1
0.0833 lb
1 lb.ft
0 24
8 1 0.0833 x dx 5 0.0067 x dx
2 2
m m
AA
L
dx 1 1
2 2
0 EI 0 EI 0 EI
3.85 0.185 4.04

EI EI EI
0.05 lb
0.0833 lb
x2
0.0667 lb
m2 0.0667 x2
m1 1 0.0833 x1
x1
0.0833 lb
1 lb.ft
0 25
Solution
Substituting these results into
Eq. (1), and solving yields
ft
b/
0l
10
821.8 4.04
0 M A
EI EI C
M A 204 lb. ft ANS
The negative sign indicates MA

acts in opposite direction to that A MA =204 lb.ft
shown in figure.
26
Example 8
Determine the reactions and draw the shear and bending
moment diagrams. EI is constant.
2 k/ft
B C
10 k
15 ft
A D
Actual Frame
30 ft
27
Solution
2 k/ft
B C
10 k
15 ft
A D
Actual Frame
30 ft
Degree of indeterminacy = 2
28
Solution
We will choose the horizontal reaction Dx and vertical
reaction Dy at point D as the redundants.
Actual Frame
2 k/ft
B C
10 k
A D Dx
29
Dy
Solution
Primary structure is obtained by removing the hinged
support at point D.
2 k/ft
B C
10 k
A D
Primary Structure
30
Solution
Primary structure is subjected separately to the external
loading and redundants Dx and Dy as shown.
2 k/ft
B C
10 k
A D
Dy
Dx
31
Primary Structure
Solution
B C
A D Dx
DyDx=DxfDyDx
DxDx=DxfDxDx
Redundant Dx applied 32
Solution
DyDy=DyfDyDy
D
A
Dy
DxDy=DyfDxDy
Redundant Dy applied 33
Solution
0 Dx DxDx
'
DxDy
'
Dx Dx f DxDx D y f DxDy (1)
0 Dy DyDx
'
DyDy
'
Dy Dx f DyDx D y f DyDy (2)
The equations for bending moments for the members of

the frame due to external loading and unit values of the
redundants are tabulated in the table.
By applying the virtual work method, we will find Dx, Dy,

fDxDx, fDyDx, fDxDy, fDyDy,
34
Solution
Compatibility Equation M2
2 k/ft
B C
10 k
x2
M1 M3
x1 x3
10 k D
A 1050 k-ft
60 k
Member Origin Limits M (k-ft)
AB A 0-15 -1050+10x1
CB C 0-30 -x22
DC D 0-15 0 35
Solution
Compatibility Equation mDx2
B C
x2
mDx1 mDx3
x1 x3
1k 1k
A D
Member Origin Limits M (k-ft) mDx (k-ft/k)

AB A 0-15 -1050+10x1 -x1
CB C 0-30 -x22 -15
DC D 0-15 0 -x3 36
Solution
Compatibility Equation mDy2
B C
x2
mDy1 mDy3
x1 x3
30 k-ft
A D
1k 1k
Member Origin Limits M (k-ft) mDx (k-ft/k) mDy (k-ft/k)

AB A 0-15 -1050+10x1 -x1 30
CB C 0-30 -x22 -15 x2
DC D 0-15 0 -x3 0 37
Solution
Dx
L MmDx
dx
15 1050 10 x x
1 1
dx1
30 x 15
2
2
dx 2

0 EI 0 EI 0 EI
15 0 x
3
dx3
0 EI
241875
Dx 106875 135000 0 k ft 3
EI
Dy
L MmDy
dx
15 1050 10 x1 30 dx 30 x x dx
2
1 0
2 2
2
0 EI 0 EI 0 EI
641250
Dy 438750 202500 0 k ft 3
EI 38
Solution
15 x 30 15 15 x
2 2 2
L mDx mDx
f DxDx dx 1
dx1 dx 2 3
dx3
0 EI 0 EI 0 EI 0 EI
9000 3
f DxDx ft
EI
f DyDy
L mDy mDy
dx
15 30 2 dx
30 x2 2 dx
1 2
0 EI 0 EI 0 EI
22500 3
f DyDy ft
EI
39
Solution
f DxDy f DyDx
L mDx mDy 15
dx
x1 30 dx
30 15x2 dx
1 2
0 EI 0 EI 0 EI
10125 3
f DxDy f DyDx ft
EI
40
Solution
241875
Dx k ft 3
EI
641250
Dy k ft 3
EI
9000 3
f DxDx ft
EI
22500 3
f DyDy ft
EI
10125 3
f DxDy f DyDx ft
EI
41
Solution
Now put these values in the Equations (1) and (2)
0 241875 9000 Dx 10125 D y (1)
0 641250 10125 Dx 22500 D y (2)
By solving (1) and (2) simultaneously we get
Dx 10.503 k
D y 33.226 k
42
Solution
Applying equations of equilibrium, we have the other
support reactions as
2 k/ft
B C
10 k
0.503 k A 10.503 k
53.22 k-ft D
26.774 k 33.226 k
43
Solution
Shear diagram
26.774
C
B
10.503
-33.226
-0.503
A D
44
Solution
Moment diagram
118.447
C
B
60.765 157.545
60.765
157.545
A 53.22 D
45
TRUSSES
The degree of indeterminacy of a truss can be find using

Equation b+r > 2j.
where
b = unknown bar forces, r = support reactions,
2j = equations of equilibrium
This method is quite suitable for analyzing trusses that

are statically indeterminate to the first or second degree.
46
Example 9
Determine the force in member AC of the truss shown.
AE is same for all members.
400 lb
D C
6 ft
A B
8 ft
Actual Truss
47
Solution
The truss is statically indeterminate to the first degree.
400 lb
b + r = 2j
D C
6 + 3 = 2(4)
9>8 6 ft
9 8 = 1st degree
A B
8 ft
Actual Truss
48
Solution
The force in member AC is to be determined, so member
AC is chosen as redundant.
This requires cutting this member, so that it cannot
sustain a force, making the truss S.D. and stable.
400 lb
D C
6 ft
Actual Truss
A B
49
8 ft
Solution 400 lb
D C
Actual Truss
A B
=
400 lb
D C D FAC C
AC
FAC
+
FACfACAC
A B A 50 B
Primary Structure Redundant FAC applied
Solution
With reference to member AC, we require the relative
displacement AC, which occurs at the ends of cut
member AC due to the 400-lb load, plus the relative
displacement FACfACAC caused by the redundant force
acting alone, be equal to zero, that is
0 AC FAC f ACAC
400 lb
D C D FAC C
AC
FAC
FACfACAC
A B A 51 B
Solution
Here the flexibility coefficient fACAC represents the
relative displacement of the cut ends of member AC
caused by a real unit load acting at the cut ends of
member AC.
0 AC FAC f ACAC
400 lb
D C D FAC C
AC
FAC
FACfACAC
A B A 52 B
Solution
This term, fACAC, and AC will be computed using the
method of virtual work.
0 AC FAC f ACAC
400 lb
D C D FAC C
AC
FAC
+
FACfACAC
A B A 53 B
Solution
For AC we require application of the real load of 400 lb,
and a virtual unit force acting at the cut ends of member
AC.
+400 400 lb -0.8

D C D C
-50
0 1 lb
1 lb
0
+300 0 -0.6 -0.6
+1 +1
x
400 lb
A +400 B A -0.8 B
300 lb 300 lb
54
Solution
nNL
AC
AE
0.8400 8 0.6 0 6 0.6 300 6 1 500 10 10 10
2
AE AE AE AE AE
11200

AE
+400 400 lb -0.8

D C D C
-50
0 1 lb
1 lb
0
+300 0 -0.6 -0.6
+1 +1
x
400 lb
A +400 B A -0.8 B
55
300 lb 300 lb
Solution
For fACAC we require application of the real unit forces
acting on the cut ends of member AC, and virtual unit
forces acting on the cut ends of member AC
-0.8 -0.8
D C D C
1 lb 1 lb
1 lb 1 lb
-0.6 -0.6 -0.6 -0.6
+1 +1 +1 +1
x
A -0.8 B A -0.8 B
56
Solution
n2 L
f ACAC
AE
0.82 8 0.6 2 6 1210
2 2 2
AE AE AE
34.56

AE
-0.8 -0.8
D C D C
1 lb 1 lb
1 lb 1 lb
-0.6 -0.6 -0.6 -0.6
+1 +1 +1 +1
x
A -0.8 B A -0.8 B
57
Solution
Substituting the data into Eq. (1) and solving yields
11200 34.56
0 FAC
AE AE
FAC 324 lb (T) ANS
Since the numerical result is positive, AC is subjected to

tension as assumed.
Using this result, the forces in other members can be

found by equilibrium, using the method of joint.
58
Example 10
Determine the force in member AC of the truss shown.
D C
6 ft
A B
8 ft
Actual Truss
59
Example 11
Determine the reactions and the force in each member
of the truss shown in Fig. shown. E = 29,000 ksi
E (6 in.2) F
28 k
2) 2) (6
n. n.
6i 4i in. 2
15 ft
(4 in.2)
(4 in.2)
( ( )
A D
(6 in.2) B (6 in.2) C (6 in.2)
25 k 25 k
3 panels at 20 ft = 60 ft
Actual Truss
60
Solution
The truss is statically indeterminate to the first degree.
b + r = 2j
9 + 4 = 2(6)
13 > 12
13 12 = 1st degree
E (6 in.2) F
28 k
2) 2) (6
n. n.
6i 4i in. 2
15 ft
(4 in.2)
(4 in.2)
( ( )
A D
(6 in.2) B (6 in.2) C (6 in.2)

25 k 25 k
3 panels at 20 ft = 60 ft
61
Actual Truss
Solution E F
28 k Actual Truss
A D Dx
Ax
B C
Ay 25 k 25 k Dy
Dx at hinged support D is selected as Redundant.

Primary structure is obtained by removing the effect of
Dx and replacing hinge by roller support there.
Primary structure is subjected separately to external
loading and redundant Force Dx.
62
E F
Solution 28 k Primary
Structure
D
Ax A
B C D
Ay 25 k 25 k Dy
E 24 F
28 k
30 .67 53
.33
11
18 25
D
28 k A
52 B 42.67 C 42.67
D
25 k 25 k 32 k 63
18 k
Solution
D is horizontal deflection at point D of primary
structure due to external loading.
E 24 F
28 k
Primary
Structure
30 .67 53
.33
11
18 25
D
28 k A
52 B 42.67 C 42.67
D
25 k 25 k 32 k 64
18 k
E F
Solution Redundant
Dx is applied
A Dx
B C D
DD=DxfDD
E 0 F
0 0 0
0 0
fDD
1k A 1k
1 B 1 C 1 D
65
E F
Solution Redundant
Dx is applied
A Dx
B C D
DD=DxfDD
DD is horizontal deflection at point D due to redundant

force Dx.
66
Solution
fDD is horizontal deflection at point D due to unit force.
E 0 F
0 0 0
0 0
fDD
1k A 1k
1 B 1 C 1 D
67
Solution
0 D Dx f DD
28 k
Dx
Ax
Ay 25 k 25 k Dy
28 k Primary Redundant
Structure Dx is applied
D + Dx
Ax
Ay 25 k 25 k Dy DD=DxfDD
68
Solution
We will use virtual work method to find D and fDD.

Deflection of truss is calculated by
nNL
D
AE
where
n= axial force in truss members due to virtual unit load

acting at joint and in the direction of D
N= axial force in truss members due to real load acting
that causes D
69
Solution
We will use virtual work method to find D and fDD.

Deflection of truss is calculated by
2
n L
f DD
AE
where
n= axial force in truss members due to real unit load

n= axial force in truss members due to virtual unit load
70
Solution
TABLE
Member L (in.) A (in.2) N (k) n (k) nNL/A n2L/A F=N+nDx
(k/in.)
AB 240 6 52 1 2,080 40 6.22
BC 240 6 42.67 1 1,706.8 40 -3.11
CD 240 6 42.67 1 1,706.8 40 -3.11
EF 240 6 -24 0 0 0 -24
BF 180 4 18 0 0 0 18
CF 180 4 25 0 0 0 25
AE 300 6 -30 0 0 0 -30
BF 300 4 11.67 0 0 0 11.67
DF 300 6 -53.33 0 0 0 -53.33
nNL 5,493.6 k/in.
D 5,493.6 120
AE E
2
n L 120 (1/in.)
f DD
AE E 71
Solution
nNL
D
AE
52 1 20 12 42.67 1 20 12 42.67 1 20 12
D
6E 6E 6E
2080 1706.8 1706.8
D
6E 6E 6E
5493.6 k/in
D
E
72
Solution
n2 L
f DD
AE
1 1 20 12 1 1 20 12 1 1 20 12
f DD
6E 6E 6E
120 (1/in)
f DD
E
Now put these results into Equation (1)
5493.6 120
Dx 0 Dx 45.78 k
E E
73
Solution
F N nDx
FAB 52 1 45.78 6.22 (T)
FBC 42.67 1 45.78 3.11 (C)
FCD 3.11 (C)
Equation of Equilibrium
28 k
F 0
Ax 28 45.78 0 Ax=17.78 Dx=45.78
Ax 17.78 k Ay=18 25 k 25 k Dy=32
Ay 18 k
D y 32 k 74
E F
28 k Primary
Structure
Ax =17.78 Dx = 45.78
A B C D
25 k 25 k
Ay =18 Dy = 32
E 24 F
28 k
30 .67 53
.33
11
18 25
Ax =17.78 Dx = 45.78
A 6.22 B 3.11 C 3.11
D
25 k 25 k 75
Ay =18 Dy = 32
Example 12
Determine the reactions and the force in each member
of the truss shown in Fig. shown. EA = constant. E = 200
GPa., A = 4000 mm2
F G H
70 kN
10m
A
B C D E
80 kN 80 kN
4 panels at 10m= 40m
Actual Truss
76
Solution
Degree of Indeterminacy = 2
b+r>2j
14 + 4 > 2 8
18 > 16 F G H
70 kN
Ax A E
B C D
Ay 80 kN 80 kN Dy Ey
Actual Truss 77
Solution
Dy at support D and force FBG in member BG are selected

as redundants.
F G H
70 kN
Ax A E
B C D
Actual Truss 78
Solution
The roller support at D is removed and member BG is

cut to make the structure determinate.
F G H
70 kN
Ax A E
B C D
Ay 80 kN 80 kN Ey
Determinate Truss 79
Solution
This determinate truss is subjected separately to actual

loading, redundant Dy and redundant force in the
redundant member BG.
F G H
70 kN
BG
A E
B C D
D
80 kN 80 kN
80
Primary structure subjected to actual loading
Solution

BG,D=DyfBG,D
F G H
A E
B C DD=DyfDD D
Dy
81
Redundant Dy applied
Solution

BG,BG=FBGfBG,BG
F G H
FBG FBG
A E
B C D,BG=FBGfD,BG D
82
Redundant FBG applied
F G H
70 kN
Actual Truss
A E
Ax
B C D
=
F G H
70 kN
BG
Primary structure
A E
B C D
D
80 kN 80 kN
+
BG,D=DyfBG,D
F G H
A E
B C DD=DyfDD D
+ Dy
BG,BG=FBGfBG,BG
F G H
FBG
FBG Redundant FBG applied
A E
B C 83
D,BG=FBGfD,BGD
Solution
BG,D=DyfBG,D
F G H
A E
B C DD=DyfDD D
Dy
F G H
Unit load in the direction
fBG,D
of Dy applied
A E
B C fDD D
84
1
Solution BG,BG=FBGfBG,BG
F G H
Redundant FBG applied
FBG FBG
A E
B C D,BG=FBGfD,BG D
fBG,BG
F G H
Unit force in member
1 BG applied
1
A E
B C fD,BG D
85
F G H
70 kN
Compatibility Actual Truss
A
Equation Ax
B C D
E
=
F G H
70 kN
BG
Primary structure
A E
B C D
D
80 kN 80 kN
0 D D y f DD FBG f D , BG +
BG,D=DyfBG,D
0 BG D y f BG, D FBG f BG, BG F G H
A E
B C DD=DyfDD D
+ Dy
BG,BG=FBGfBG,BG
F G H
FBG
FBG Redundant FBG applied
A E
B C 86
D,BG=FBGfD,BGD
0 D D y f DD FBG f D , BG
0 BG D y f BG, D FBG f BG, BG
D = vertical deflection at joint D of primary truss due to external loading
BG = relative displacement b/w cutting ends of member BG due to external loading
fDD = vertical deflection at joint D due to a unit load at joint D
fBG,D = relative displacement b/w cutting ends of member BG due to unit load at D
fBG,BG = relative displacement b/w cutting ends of member BG due to unit force
fD,BG = vertical deflection at joint D due to a unit force in member BG

87
We will use the method of virtual work to find the
deflections
NnD L nD nD L nD nBG L
D f DD f D, BG
AE AE AE
NnBG L nBG nBG L nBG nD L

BG f BG f BG, D
AE AE AE
88
NnD L nD nD L nD nBG L
D f DD f D, BG
AE AE AE
nBG nBG L nBG nD L
BG
NnBG L f BG f BG, D
AE AE AE
N = member forces due to external loading

nD = member forces due to unit load at joint D
nBG = member forces due to unit force in member BG
The numerical values of the member forces, as computed

by the method of joints, are shown in next figures, and
are tabulated in the TABLE
89
Solution
N = member forces due to external loading
F 85 G 85 H
70 kN
3.5
.6 73 36 0 2 10
9.6
11
6 9.6 02
80 0 10 0
A E
70
152.5 B 152.5 C 77.5 D 77.5
80 kN 80 kN
82.5 77.5
90
Solution
nD = member forces due to unit load at joint D
F 0.5 G 0.5 H
0.3
54 54 4 1.0
0.3 0.3
5 61
0 0 1
A E
0
0.25 B 0.25 C 0.75 D 0.75
1 kN
0.25 0.75
91
Solution
nBG = member forces due to unit force in member BG
F 0.707 G 0 H
1 1
1
0 0
0.707
0.707
0
0
A E
0
0 B 0.707 C 0 D 0
0 0
92
Member L (m) N nD nBG NnDL NnBGL nD2L nBG2L nDnBGL F = N + nDDy +

(kN) (kN/kN) (kN/kN) (kN.m) (kN.m) (m) (m) (m) nBGFBG (kN)
AB 10 152.5 -0.25 0 -381.25 0 0.625 0 0 128.373
BC 10 152.5 -0.25 -0.707 -381.25 -1078.175 0.625 5 1.768 104.265
CD 10 77.5 -0.75 0 -581.25 0 5.625 0 0 5.12
DE 10 77.5 -0.75 0 -581.25 0 5.625 0 0 5.12
FG 10 -85 0.5 -0.707 -425 600.95 2.5 5 -3.535 -60.855
GH 10 -85 0.5 0 -425 0 2.5 0 0 -36.747
BF 10 80 0 -0.707 0 -565.60 0 5 0 55.891
CG 10 0 0 -0.707 0 0 0 5 0 -24.109
DH 10 0 -1 0 0 0 10 0 0 -96.507
AF 14.142 -116.673 0.354 0 -584.096 0 1.772 0 0 -82.51
BG 14.142 0 0 1 0 0 0 14.142 0 34.1
CF 14.142 3.536 -0.354 1 -17.702 50.006 1.772 14.142 -5.006 3.473
CH 14.142 109.602 0.354 0 548.697 0 1.772 0 0 143.765
EH 14.142 -109.602 1.061 0 -1644.541 0 15.92 0 0 -7.208
-4472.642 -992.819 48.736 48.284 -6.773
93
4,472.642 kN .m 48.284 m
D f BG, BG
AE AE
992.819 kN .m 6.773 m
BG f BG, D f D , BG
AE AE
48.736 m
f DD
AE
By substituting these values into the above equations
94
4,472.642 48.736 D y 6.773FBG 0
992.819 6.773D y 48.284 FBG 0
Solving these equations simultaneously for Dy and FBG
D y 96.507 kN
FBG 34.1 kN
95
The remaining reactions of the indeterminate truss can

now be determined by superposition of reactions of
primary truss due to the external loading and due to
each of the redundants.
The forces in the remaining members of the

indeterminate truss can be determined by using the
superposition relationship
96
F 85 G 85 H
3
7 3.5 170 kN
6.6 36 02 09
11 9.6 .60
80 0 10 0 2
70 A E
152.5 B 152.5 C 77.5 D 77.5
80 kN 80 kN
82.5 77.5
+
F 0.5 G 0.5 H
0.3 1.0
54 54 5 4 61
0.3 0.3 1
0 0
0 A E
0.25 B 0.25 C 0.75 D 0.75
0.25 + 1 kN
0.75
F 0.707 G 0 H
1 1
1 0
0.707
0.707
0 0
0
0 A E
0 B 0.707 C 0 D 0
0 0
=
F 60.855 G 36.747 H
3.4 70 kN
73 7.2
.51
55.891
24.109
96.507
82 65 08
.1 3.7
A 34 14 Actual Truss
Ax=70 E
128.373 104.265 5.12 5.12
B C D
Ay=58.373 80 kN 80 kN Dy=96.507 Ey=5.12
97
Actual Truss
F 60.855
G 36.747
H
70 kN
3.4
73
55.891
5 7.2
.76
24.109
1 3 08
2.5 .1 14
A 8 34
96.507
E
Ax=70 128.373
B 104.265
C 5.12
D 5.12
80 kN 80 kN
Ay=58.373 Dy=96.507 Ey=5.12
98

Force Method PDF

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Force Method PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Method of Consistent

Method of consistent deformation is very useful for

Problems involving multistory frames, or with high

By inspection the frame is indeterminate to the first

The terms B and fBB will be computed using the method

Substituting the data in Eq. (1)

M A 0; 402.5 B y 5-3.474 0 By 22.8 kN

By inspection the frame is indeterminate to the first

MA can be directly obtained by

actual frame primary structure Redundant MA applied

The terms A and AA will be computed using the method

The frame s x coordinates and internal moments are

M 2 296.7 x2 50 x22 m2 0.0667 x2

M 2 296.7 x2 50 x22 m2 0.0667 x2

M 2 296.7 x2 50 x22 m2 0.0667 x2

The negative sign indicates MA

The equations for bending moments for the members of

By applying the virtual work method, we will find Dx, Dy,

Member Origin Limits M (k-ft) mDx (k-ft/k)

Member Origin Limits M (k-ft) mDx (k-ft/k) mDy (k-ft/k)

Now put these values in the Equations (1) and (2)

0 241875 9000 Dx 10125 D y (1)

0 641250 10125 Dx 22500 D y (2)

By solving (1) and (2) simultaneously we get

The degree of indeterminacy of a truss can be find using

This method is quite suitable for analyzing trusses that

+400 400 lb -0.8

+400 400 lb -0.8

Since the numerical result is positive, AC is subjected to

Using this result, the forces in other members can be

(6 in.2) B (6 in.2) C (6 in.2)

Dx at hinged support D is selected as Redundant.

DD is horizontal deflection at point D due to redundant

fDD is horizontal deflection at point D due to unit force.

We will use virtual work method to find D and fDD.

n= axial force in truss members due to virtual unit load

We will use virtual work method to find D and fDD.

n= axial force in truss members due to real unit load

Ax 17.78 k Ay=18 25 k 25 k Dy=32

4 panels at 10m= 40m

Dy at support D and force FBG in member BG are selected

The roller support at D is removed and member BG is

This determinate truss is subjected separately to actual

This determinate truss is subjected separately to actual

This determinate truss is subjected separately to actual

D = vertical deflection at joint D of primary truss due to external loading

BG = relative displacement b/w cutting ends of member BG due to external loading

fDD = vertical deflection at joint D due to a unit load at joint D

fD,BG = vertical deflection at joint D due to a unit force in member BG

NnBG L nBG nBG L nBG nD L

N = member forces due to external loading

The numerical values of the member forces, as computed

N = member forces due to external loading

nD = member forces due to unit load at joint D

nBG = member forces due to unit force in member BG

Member L (m) N nD nBG NnDL NnBGL nD2L nBG2L nDnBGL F = N + nDDy +

BC 10 152.5 -0.25 -0.707 -381.25 -1078.175 0.625 5 1.768 104.265

CD 10 77.5 -0.75 0 -581.25 0 5.625 0 0 5.12

DE 10 77.5 -0.75 0 -581.25 0 5.625 0 0 5.12

FG 10 -85 0.5 -0.707 -425 600.95 2.5 5 -3.535 -60.855

GH 10 -85 0.5 0 -425 0 2.5 0 0 -36.747

BF 10 80 0 -0.707 0 -565.60 0 5 0 55.891

AF 14.142 -116.673 0.354 0 -584.096 0 1.772 0 0 -82.51