Transmission Tower Foundation Design PDF

Foundation Design Calculation of Tower Type 2DT6 For
Soil Category-2
1st Subm. 17-Apr-11 Md. Giasuddin

Submission
Date Designed By Description Approved By
Status
EMPLOYER : CONTRACTOR :
POWER GRID COMPANY OF SANERGY CO.
BANGLADESH LTD.
NAME OF PROJECT :
DESIGN-BUILD AND TRUNKEY CONTRACT FOR CONSTRUCTION OF 230kV BIBYANA -
COMILLA TRANSMISSION LINE (LOT-3)
AUTHORITY NAME & SIGN DATE SUBMISSION SOUGHT Paper Size Language Total Sheets
Md. Giasuddin
DESIGNED BY 17-Apr-11 For approval A4 English 13
Md. Giasuddin Revision

CHECKED BY For construction Scale : N/A
1st Sub.
Document No. :
APPROVED BY As Built
PGCB/230kV/TL/B-C/Lot-3/Des.Cal/Local/08
POWER GRID COMPANY OF BANGLADESH LIMITED
Foundation of Tower Type 2DT6 for SC-2

FOR BIBYANA - COMILLA 230kV TRANSMISSION LINE (LOT-3)
Contents Page No.
1. General. 03
1.1 Foundation Loads 03
1.2 Geotechnical Information 03
1.3 Foundation Strength Factors 03
1.4 Factored Foundation Loads 03
1.5 Codes & Standards Considered 03
1.6 Material Properties 03
1.7 Geometrical Data of the Tower 2DT6 03
1.8 Layout Plan Of the Foundation 04
2. Residual Shear Calculation 04
3. Foundation Geometry 05
4 : Design Calculation for Pile 05
4.1 - Pile Design Load Against Compressive Load 05
g Load
4.2 - Pile Design oad Against
ga Up
Uplift 05
4.3 - Minimum Length of Pile Group Against Uprooting 05
4.4 - Check for pile head deflection 06
4.5 - Ultimate Stress on Pile Section 07
Section-5 :Structural Design of Chimney & Pile Cap 07
5.1 - Design of Chimney 07
5 2 - Design
5.2 D i off Pile
Pil Cap
C 08
5.2.1.- Check Punching of cleats 08
5.2.1.a Check For Compression 08
5.2.1.b Check For Uplift 08
5.2.2 - Check cap thickness for Flexural Shear 08
5.2.3.- Check for position of Piles 08
5.2.4 - Check for Bending Moment 09
5.2.5 - Reinforcement Calculation 09
5.2.5.1 - Bottom Reinforcement 08
5.2.5.2 - Top Reinforcement 09
5.2.5.3 -Vertical Reinforcement Around The pile cap 09
5.2.5.4 -Horizontal Reinforcement Around The pile cap 10
6 - Structural Design of Pile 10
6.1 Design of upper segment of pile 10
6.1.1 Design for Compression Plus Bending 10
6.1.2 Design for Tension Plus Bending 10
6.2 Calculation to Find Point of Zero Moment in the Pile 10
Annexure-1 12
Annexure-2 13
Giasuddin Date : 17 April '11

SC 2 FOR
BIBYANA - COMILLA 230kV TRANSMISSION LINE (LOT-3)
1. General.
The objective of this generic design is to compute loads on individual pile top, length of fixity of pile and is to design pile, pile cap and chimney. If not
mentioned otherwise, values with suffices x, y and z indicate three global directions with outward positive.
1.1 Foundation Loads :
Ultimate Loads Along Global Direction ( Pull and Thrust Vertical)
Items Fz ( kN ) Fx (kN) Fy (kN)
Max Compression Case 3154.98 893.33 831.62
Max Uplift Case 2840.17 893.33 831.62
1.2 Geotechnical Information:
Angle of Int. Friction, = 32 Degree
Soil Density = 18 kN/Cum.

Soil Submerged Density = 8 kN/Cum.
Frustum angle = 15 Degree; As per techinical specification
1.3 Foundation Strength Factors :
Strength Factor
Applied Loading Case
2DL,
2DL 2D1 2D25,
2D25 2DT6
For All Load Cases 1.23 1.35
1.4. Factored Foundation Loads.
Factored Loads by using Foundation Strength Factor from Appendix (7.A2),Volume 2 of 3
Factored Ultimate Loads Along Global Direction ( Pull and Thrust Vertical)
Max Long. Case in Comp. 4259.22 1206.00 1122.69
Max Long. Case in Uplift 3834.23 1206.00 1122.69
1.5 Codes & Standards Considered :

ACI
BS 8110
1.6 Material Properties and Clear Cover :
28 days cube strength of concrete for Pile; fc' = 30 Mpa.

28 days cube strength of concrete for Pile-Cap; fc' = 25 Mpa.
Corresponding cylinder strength of concrete for Pile-Cap; fc' = 21.25 Mpa.
Yield Strength Reinforcing Steel ;fy = 415 Mpa.
Concrete Clear Cover at top and sides of Cap & Column is = 50 mm.
Concrete Clear Cover for sides of Pile is = 75 mm.
Unit Weight of Concrete = 24 kN/Cum.
1.7 Geometrical Data of the Tower 2DT6 :
Face Slope = = 13.306 Degree.

Diagonal Slope = = 18.493 Degree.
Md. Giasuddin Page 3 of 13 Date : 17 April '11

SC 2 FOR
1.8 Layout Plan Of the Foundation
450 1800 1800 450 450 1800 1800 450

450
450
1800
1800
900 900
4500
4500
900
900
1800
1800
450
450
4500 4500
CP
4500 4500
450
450
1800
1800
900
900
4500
4500
900 900
1800
1800
450
450
450 1800 1800 450 450 1800 1800 450
Layout Plan of Foundation
2. Residual Shear Calculation :
Leg Shear ( kN ) = Fz*Tan Residual Shear ( kN )

Vertical Loads
Items Fx (kN) Fy (kN)
Fz ( kN ) FxRes FyRes
Fxleg Fyleg
= Fx-Fxleg = Fy-Fyleg
Max Compression Case 4259.22 1007.31 1007.31 1206.00 1122.69 198.69 115.38
Max Uplift Case 3834.23 906.80 906.80 1206.00 1122.69 299.20 215.89

SC 2 FOR
3. Foundation Geometry :
Size of the column = 900 mmX900 mm.

Dia of the Pile, Dp = 600 mm.
h'' = 280.5 mm.
h' = 400 mm.
f = 300 mm.
Pile Center to center Distance = 1800 mm.
Height of column, h = 700 mm.
Length/Width of the Cap, L/B = 4500 mm.
Cap Thickness, t = 1250 mm.
No. of Pile Per Leg = 8 Nos
Weight Calculation
Weight of Column, Wcol = 13.61 kNs. Foundation Layout Detail Typical Pile Cap Section
Weight of Pad, Wpad = 607.5 kNs.
Weight of Superimposed Soil, Ws =109.35 kNs.
Bouyant Weight of Column, W'col = 7.94 kNs
Bouyant Weight of Pad, W'pad = 354.38 kNs
Bouyant Weight of Superimposed Soil, W's = 48.6 kNs
Loads on Pile top :
For Maximum Comp.

Resultant Compressive Load = Rzc =Fz+ 1.35*(Wcol+Wpad+Ws) = 5157.69 kNs.
Moment Mx = Moment for Leg and Residual Shear = Fxleg*0.0 + FxRes*(t+h+h''-0.15) =376.12 kN.m
Moment My = Moment for Leg and Residual Shear = Fyleg*0.0 + FyRes*(t+h+h''-0.15) = 218.41 kN.m
For Maximum Uplift :

Resultant Uplift = Rzt=Fz - W'col - W'pad - W's = 3423.31 kNs
Moment Mx = Moment for Leg and Residual Shear = Fxleg*0.0 + Fxres*(t+h+h''-0.15) = 566.39 kN.m
Moment My = Moment for Leg and Residual Shear = Fyleg*0.0 + Fyres*(t+h+h''-0.15) = 408.68 kN.m
4 : Design Calculation for Pile :
Reaction of pile with applied vertical loads and biaxial bending moment can be expressed by the following equation:
R V M x *d1x M y *d1y
RV =
8 dix 2 diy 2
Where , d1x and d1y denote the distances from pile center to cap center along X or Y Direction. In this case d1x=d1y= 0.9 m.
dix 2
diy 2
6*1.8^2 = 19.44 Sqm.
4.1 - Pile Design Load Against Compressive Load :
R zc M x *d1x M y *d1y
Maximum compresive load that a pile will be imposed can be expressed by : R Cmax =
So Rcmax = 699.76 kNs. ( Pile weight is to be considered during Pile schedule)
8 dix 2 diy 2
4.2 - Pile Design

g Load Against
g Uplift
p :
R zt M x *d1x M y *d1y
Maximum compresive load that a pile will be imposed can be expressed by : R Tmax =
So Rtmax = 518.2 kNs. ( Pile weight is to be considered during Pile schedule)
8 dix 2 diy 2
4.3 - Minimum Length of Pile Group Against Uprooting :

Soil body to Resist Uplift
Say minimum length of pile =8 m
Depth of pile, d = 9.625 m. So a = d/2 = 4.813 m.
The base size of the soil frustum at the lowest point b' = 4.2m X4.2 m
The base size of the soil frustum at Mid Height ; b =4.979 m X4.979 m
Average Area = (4.2^2+4.979^2)/2 =21.22 sqm.

SC 2 FOR
So Frustum Volume = 21.22 * 4.8125 =102.12 cum

The upper soil volume = 4.979^2*4.813= 119.32 cum
Total soil Volume = 221.44 Cum GL
Total weight of soil body = 221.44*8=1771.52 kN
Skin resistance of pile group is Given by :
Qsu =2 * ( L B) * H * f s
Where L and B are the overall length and width of pile group,
H is the depth of soil block and f s is the unit skin friction
which is given by fs 1 K p Tan
2 s d
a
Ks =1 ;( soil to soil co-efficient of earth pressure)
Pd= d, = = 32 Degree
y = Submerged Density of soil = 8 kN/Cum.
Pd =8
8 *9
9.625
625 = 77 kNs
kNs.
So fs = 24.06 kN/Sqm.
L= B = b' = 4.2 m and H = d = 9.625 m.
So Qsu = 3890.5 kNs
b
d
Ultimate uplift capacity of pile group = Skin Resistance +
Submerged Weight of soil body = 5662.02kNs.
L
Allowable capacity (FS=1.5) = 3774.68 kNs
Resultant Uplift = 3423.31 kNs.

Which is less than 3774.68 kNs So OK.
4.4 - Check for pile head deflection:

a
For Max Compression:

Fx = Leg Shear = 1007.31 kN
Fy = Leg Shear = 1007.31 kN
Passive resistance by Cap Only ( Same in x and y face)
1
Passive resistance by Pile Cap is k p *(1.55+0.30)*1.25*4.5
*(1 55+0 30)*1 25*4 5 = 135 47 kN
135.47
2
1+sin
Where k p = Co-efficient of passive earth pressure = 3.25
1-Sin b'
=Submerged density of soil =8 kN/Cum.
GL
Net Fx = Leg Shear = 871.84 kN
300
Net Fy = Leg Shear = 871.84 kN

Vres=Sqrt.(871.84^2+871.84^2)=1232.97 kN Cap Top
Lateral Load carried by a single Pile = 154.12 kN
For Max Uplift:

1250

Vres=Sqrt.(771.33^2+771.33^2)=1090.83 kN
Cap Bot.
Design shear carried by a single Pile Qmax = 154.12 kN
Kp h
For fixed head pile depth of fixity is given by
Passive Pressure on Cap
Lf/T = 2.15; (Ref. to figure no 2 , appendix C of IS: 2911) For fixed head piles .
Where, T 5 EI K1 and K1 = 0.146 For Submerged Medium Dense Sand
Where ; E 4700 fc ' 25742.96 Mpa = 257430 kg/sqcm.

d4
I 636172.5 cm4 EI = 163769889855 kg.sqcm.
64
So T = 257.03 cm = 2.57 m
So depth of fixity, Lf = 5.53 m
Deflection, Y = Q*(Lf)^3/12EI = 1.326 cm. = 13.26 mm; Which is less than 25mm, So OK.

SC 2 FOR
4.5 - Ultimate Stress on Pile Section

For Max Compression
For fixed head long pile :
Moment M=m.MF = 0.82*Q*Lf/2 =

For Max Compression M = 349.44 kN.m
For Max Uplift M = 309.15 kN.m
For Max Compression.
Q = Hu = 154.12 kN.
So Mu = 349.44 kN.m
For Max Uplift
Q = Hu = 136.35 kN.
So Mu = 309.15 kN.m
Ultimate loads on Single Pile :
Compressive load = Rc = 699.76 kN
Uplift load = Rt = 518.2 kN
For Max Compression ultimate Moment , Mu = 349.44 kN.m
For Max Uplift ultimate Moment , Mu = 309.15 kN.m
Section-5 : Structural Design of Chimney & Pile Cap

5.1 - Design of Chimney :
Ultimate Compression = 4259.22 kN

50% of Ult. Compression = 2129.61 kN
Residual shear :
Fxmax = 299.20 kN
Fymax = 215.89 kN
Resultant Fxy = 368.96 kN
y 0.793 = 292.6 kN.m.
M = Fxy* 1 of 12 of dia. 20 mm
Pu = 2129610.00 N
Mu = 292582755.1 N.mm
D = 900.00 mm
b = 900 mm
d' = 66 mm
d'/D = 0.073 mm
fck = 25.0 Mpa
fy = 415.0 Mpa
Pu/fckbD = 0.105
Mu /fckbD2 = 0.016
For the above values, graph ( see annexure-1 ) shows that no rebar is needed.
As per Code Min Rebar Required = 0.004*900^2 = 3240 mm2
Consider Bar Dia. 20 mm
Column Section
Provide 12 nos 20mm dia.
Embedded Length of Rebar.

C
Compression
i tto b
be resisted
i t dbby th
the rebars
b iin chimney
hi =F
Fz = 2129
2129.61
61 kN
Total Nos. of reinforcement is 12 of dia 20 12mm.
As per BS 8110, Ultimate bond stress in compression bars uu is given by : uu=0.5fc' Mpa
Fs
Development length l d is given by : l d = ;where o is the total perimeter of all rebars, Fs=Fz
uu o
So Uu = 2.3 Mpa. So Development length ld required = 1228 mm.
Cap thgickness is = 1250 mm and Clear Cover at bottom = 75 mm
Let Chimney rebar rest on the bottom mesh of cap. So Embedded length provided = 1250-75-32 = 1143 mm which is more than requirement, so Ok.

SC 2 FOR
5.2 - Design of Pile Cap :
5.2.1.- Check Punching of cleats:
5.2.1.a Check For Compression:

Compression to be carried by cleats = 50% of Comp.= 2129.61 kN
Consider 4 cleat group with 4 three cleats in each group. The size of cleats is 150X150X20 ; length 160 .
Load Carried by each Cleat =0.5* Ccomp./16 = 133.1 kN
The Capacity P of each cleat is given by :

P 1.19 f 'c b(t r x / 2) Where , b = Length of Angle Shear Connector = 160 mm
1/ 2
Fy t = Thickness of Angle Shear Connector = 20 mm
x t w r t. r = Radius of fillet = 40 mm
1.19
1 19 f 'c
w = width of angle shear connector = 150
( Ref. : Art.7.6.2, Design of Latticed Steel Transmission Structures; Published by The American Society of Civil Engineers)
x = 68.19 mm; So P = 537.47 kN >133.1 kN So OK .
5.2.1.b Check For Uplift:
Ultimate Uplift = 3834.23 kN

Load carried by each cleat = 239
239.64
64 kN

1/ 2 t = Thickness of Angle Shear Connector = 20 mm
Fy
1.19 f 'c w = width of angle shear connector = 150
x = 68.19 mm; So P = 537.47 kN >239.64 kN So OK .
5.2.2 - Check cap thickness for Flexural Shear :
Total shear acting at a distance d/2 from the face of the column = 3*Rmax; Where Rmax=Rc or Rt whichever is larger.
Rmax = 699.76 kN
So Total Shear,Vc =2*699.76 =1399.52 kN
Where, b = 4500 mm
Consider clear cover 75 and dia of Bar 16 mm , So d ( Outer Layer) = 1250-75-8 =1167 mm , where d is the effective depth of cap.
d ( Inner Layer) = 1250-75-16 - 8 = 1151 mm
dave = ( 1167+1151 )/2 = 1159 mm
dave.
So, Vc = Vc/bd = 0.27 Mpa
AS per ACI Shear Stress applied to concrete should be less than 0.17f'c Mpa. In present case which is coming 0.93 Mpa. This is greater than applied
stress so consideration is quite Ok.
5.2.3.- Check for position of Piles :
Distance from pile edge to pile cap edge, x = 200 mm

Distance from pile center to pile cap edge = 500 mm
Diameter of punching plane, y = 800 mm
Perimeter of punching plane = PI()*800 =2513 mm
So area of concrete to resist punching of pile = 2513*200 = 502600 Sq.mm
Punching stress developed = Rmax*1000/502600 = 1.39 Mpa
Where Rmax is the Maximum pile reaction = Rcmax = 699.76 kN
AS per ACI Shear Stress applied to concrete should be less than 0.34f'c Mpa. In present case
which is coming 1.52 Mpa. This is greater than applied stress, 1.39 Mpa, so consideration is quite
Ok.

SC 2 FOR
5.2.4 - Check for Bending Moment :
Maximum moment acting at the face of the column=2*Maximum pile reaction*distance between pile center to column face.
So Mmax=3*Rmax*x' , Where x' = 1.350 m fc ' 600 b= 0.02187
b =0.85*0.85*
Mmax= 1889.4 kN.m. f y 600 fy max= 0.75* b = 0.01640194
fy
Mu f ybd 2 1 0.59 ...; Where 0.9
f 'c
Mu Which is less than dprovide ; so OK
d 290.70 mm
fy
f y b(1 0.59 )
fc '
5.2.5 - Reinforcement Calculation :
5.2.5.1 - Bottom Reinforcement :
Consider clear cover 75 and dia of Bar 16 mm , So d (Outer Layer) = 1250-75-8 = 1167 mm; where d is the effective depth of cap.
d ( Inner Layer) = 1250 -75 -16 - 8 = 1151 mm
dmin = MIN( 1151,1167) = 1151 mm
Compressive pile reactions will produce tension at the bottom of the cap.
Mdes = 1889.352 kN.m
Assuming depth of stress block, a = 22.7 mm
Area of steel, As = M*1000000/(0.9*fy*(d-a/2)) =4439 mm2. 42 Nos. of Dia. 16 mm along both dic.
(Ref. -Design of concrete structure, By-Nilson & Winter,Page 83 ,10th Ed.)
Check for a
a = As*fy/(.85*fc'*b) = 22.7 mm
Consideration is OK, So As = 4439 mm2.
But Min Rebar Required = 0.0015bt = 8437.5 mm2
Consider bar Size = 16 mm
So Nos. of Bars = 42 Nos
5.2.5.2 - Top Reinforcement :

Consider clear cover 50 and dia of Bar 16 mm , So d (Outer Layer) = 1250 -50-8 = 1192 mm
Where d is the effective depth of cap from Cap Bottom to Rebar center at Top.
d ( Inner Layer) = 1250 -50-16 - 8 = 1176 mm
d = Min(1192,1176) = 1176 mm
Cap Reinforcement Plan at Bottom
Tensile pile reactions will produce tension at the top of the cap.
So Mu= 2*Rt*x' , Where x' = 1.35 m 42 Nos. of Dia. 16 mm along both dic.
Mdes = 1399.14 kN.m
Area of steel, As = M*1000000/(0.9*fy*(d-a/2)) = 3208 mm2
Check for a
a = As*fy/(.85*fc'*b) = 16.4 mm
Consideration is OK, So As = 3208 mm2
Min Rebar Required = 0.0015bt = 8437.5 mm2

5.2.5.3 -Vertical Reinforcement Around The pile cap :
Total uplift to be resisted by the vertical rebars around the pile cap = Fz = 3834.23 kN
So As = Fz*1000/0.7/Fy = 13198.73 mm2 Cap Reinforcement Plan at Top
Total Nos. of top reinforcement is 168 whose total area is 33778 mm2.
So if all top bars are bent downwards this will be good enough for uplift.
As per BS 8110, Ultimate bond stress in tension bars uu is given by : Uu = 0.4fc' = 1.84 Mpa
Fs
Development length ld is given by : l d = ;where o is the total perimeter of all rebars, Fs=Fz
uu o
So Development length ld required = 247 mm
Provide all top bars bent downwards for the half depth of the cap.It will be suffient for development length.

SC 2 FOR
5.2.5.4 -Horizontal Reinforcement Around The pile cap :

Provide 5 nos. of 10mm dia bar around the cap distributed along the whole depth with 300 mm lapping at the joint.
6 - Structural Design of Pile

Ultimate Moment For Maximum Compression , Mu = 349.44 kN.m
Ultimate Moment For Max Uplift , Mu = 309.15 kN.m
6.1 Design of upper segment of pile
6.1.1 Design
g for Compression
p Plus Bending
g
Pile diameter, h = 600 mm
Ac = /4h2 = 282743.3 Sqmm. Pile Section at Upper Segment
c N
1.5 f A
c c
c M
1.5 f A h
c c
c Atot f y
1.5 A f
c c
c = 1.5
N = Normal Load = 699760.00 N

fc = 30.00 MPa
M = Moment = 349440000.00 N.mm
so = 0.082
And = 0.069
For above values of & = 0.2 ( From chart of Annexure-2 ) Pile Section at Lower Segment
So Atot = 1.5 Acfc/ cfy = 4087.9 Sqmm.
Rebar Dia = 25 mm
So Nos. of Bar = 9 Nos.
6.1.2 Design for Tension Plus Bending
fc = 30.00 MPa
M = Moment = 309150000.00 N.mm
so = 0.061
And = 0.061 Hu
For above values of & = 0.28 ( From chart of Annexure-2 )
Rebar Dia = 25 mm
h= 1st Segment Length of pile

Provide 13 nos. of dia. 25mm.
Length of fixity is 5.53 meter. ( Ref. to clause4.4 - Check for pile head deflection: )
For safe dissipation of moment at the point of fixity designed rebar is extended by 1.97 meter
below the point of fixity. Hence length of upper segment of the pile is 7.5 meter.
6.2 Calculation to Find Point of Zero Moment in the Pile
1
Moment at aheight h is Hu * h k p h*h*Pile Dia*h/3 =0.0
2
1+sin
1-Sin
Since Tension plus Bending combination requires more reinforcement than that of compression
plus bending combination, Uplift case is taken into consideration. Kp h
Hu ( for Uplift ) = 136.35 kN Passive Pressure on Pile
So Moment =-0.1 at a distance 7.237 m from Pile Top

SC 2 FOR
(h should be measured from GL but 1st segment of pile is

h = 7.237 m and Pile Dia = 0.6 m
considered Conservatively)
Upper segment considered = 7.5 meter

Rebar Requirement to Resist Tensile force :
Acting tension at any point = Tension at pile top - Frictional Resistance by Soil
Skin Friction is g
given by
y = 0.5*Ks*Pd*tand*As
Where; Ks=0.7, = = 32 Degree
Submerged Density of soil = 8 KN/Cum
Pd=7.5 *8 = 60 kN/Sqm
As=PI()*0.6*7.5 = 14.14 Sqm
So, Frictional Resistance by soil=0.5*0.7*60*Tan15*14.14 = 185.55 kN
Net Tension at the point = 518.2 - 185.55 = 332.65 kN
Tensile Force to be resisted = 332650 N
Consider no tension to be resisted by concrete that means all tensile forces shall be resisted by rebar only.
Yield Strength of Rebar = 415 Mpa
So Tensile Strength Can be considered as = 0.7*415=290.5 Mpa
So Rebar area required to resist Tensile force = 332650 / 290.5 = 1146 mm2
Minimum Rebar for pile section is = 0.004*X-Sectinal area of pile = 1131 mm2.
6 nos. of dia 16 mm for the lower segment is ok from structural point and minimum requirement as well.

SC 2 FOR
Annexure-1: Reinforcement Chart for Chimney

SC 2 FOR
Annexure-2: Reinforcement Chart for Pile

Foundation Design Calculation of Tower Type 2DT6 For
Soil Category-3
1st Subm. 17-Apr-11 Md. Giasuddin

Submission
Date Designed By Description Approved By
Status
EMPLOYER : CONTRACTOR :
POWER GRID COMPANY OF SANERGY CO.
BANGLADESH LTD.
NAME OF PROJECT :
DESIGN-BUILD AND TRUNKEY CONTRACT FOR CONSTRUCTION OF 230kV BIBYANA -
COMILLA TRANSMISSION LINE (LOT-3)
AUTHORITY NAME & SIGN DATE SUBMISSION SOUGHT Paper Size Language Total Sheets
Md. Giasuddin
DESIGNED BY 17-Apr-11 For approval A4 English 13
Md. Giasuddin Revision

CHECKED BY For construction Scale : N/A
1st Sub.
Document No. :
APPROVED BY As Built
PGCB/230kV/TL/B-C/Lot-3/Des.Cal/Local/09

FOR BIBYANA - COMILLA 230kV TRANSMISSION LINE (LOT-3)
Contents Page No.
1. General. 03
1.1 Foundation Loads 03
1.2 Geotechnical Information 03
1.3 Foundation Strength Factors 03
1.4 Factored Foundation Loads 03
1.5 Codes & Standards Considered 03
1.6 Material Properties 03
1.7 Geometrical Data of the Tower 2DT6 03
1.8 Layout Plan Of the Foundation 04
2. Residual Shear Calculation 04
3. Foundation Geometry 05
4 : Design Calculation for Pile 05
4.1 - Pile Design Load Against Compressive Load 05
g Load
4.2 - Pile Design oad Against
ga Up
Uplift 05
4.3 - Minimum Length of Pile Group Against Uprooting 05
4.4 - Check for pile head deflection 06
4.5 - Ultimate Stress on Pile Section 07
Section-5 :Structural Design of Chimney & Pile Cap 07
5.1 - Design of Chimney 07
5 2 - Design
5.2 D i off Pile
Pil Cap
C 08
5.2.1.- Check Punching of cleats 08
5.2.1.a Check For Compression 08
5.2.1.b Check For Uplift 08
5.2.2 - Check cap thickness for Flexural Shear 08
5.2.3.- Check for position of Piles 08
5.2.4 - Check for Bending Moment 09
5.2.5 - Reinforcement Calculation 09
5.2.5.1 - Bottom Reinforcement 08
5.2.5.2 - Top Reinforcement 09
5.2.5.3 -Vertical Reinforcement Around The pile cap 09
5.2.5.4 -Horizontal Reinforcement Around The pile cap 10
6 - Structural Design of Pile 10
6.1 Design of upper segment of pile 10
6.1.1 Design for Compression Plus Bending 10
6.1.2 Design for Tension Plus Bending 10
6.2 Calculation to Find Point of Zero Moment in the Pile 10
Annexure-1 12
Annexure-2 13
Giasuddin Date : 17 April '11

SC 3 FOR
1. General.
The objective of this generic design is to compute loads on individual pile top, length of fixity of pile and is to design pile, pile cap and chimney. If not
mentioned otherwise, values with suffices x, y and z indicate three global directions with outward positive.
1.1 Foundation Loads :
Ultimate Loads Along Global Direction ( Pull and Thrust Vertical)
Max Compression Case 3154.98 893.33 831.62
Max Uplift Case 2840.17 893.33 831.62
1.2 Geotechnical Information:
Angle of Int. Friction, = 30 Degree
Soil Density = 17 kN/Cum.

Soil Submerged Density = 7 kN/Cum.
Frustum angle = 15 Degree; As per techinical specification
1.3 Foundation Strength Factors :
Strength Factor
Applied Loading Case
2DL,
2DL 2D1 2D25,
2D25 2DT6
For All Load Cases 1.23 1.35
1.4. Factored Foundation Loads.
Factored Loads by using Foundation Strength Factor from Appendix (7.A2),Volume 2 of 3
Factored Ultimate Loads Along Global Direction ( Pull and Thrust Vertical)
Max Long. Case in Comp. 4259.22 1206.00 1122.69
Max Long. Case in Uplift 3834.23 1206.00 1122.69
1.5 Codes & Standards Considered :

ACI
BS 8110
1.6 Material Properties and Clear Cover :
28 days cube strength of concrete for Pile; fc' = 30 Mpa.

28 days cube strength of concrete for Pile-Cap; fc' = 25 Mpa.
Corresponding cylinder strength of concrete for Pile-Cap; fc' = 21.25 Mpa.
Yield Strength Reinforcing Steel ;fy = 415 Mpa.
Concrete Clear Cover at top and sides of Cap & Column is = 50 mm.
Concrete Clear Cover for sides of Pile is = 75 mm.
Unit Weight of Concrete = 24 kN/Cum.
1.7 Geometrical Data of the Tower 2DT6 :
Face Slope = = 13.306 Degree.

Diagonal Slope = = 18.493 Degree.

SC 3 FOR
1.8 Layout Plan Of the Foundation
450 1800 1800 450 450 1800 1800 450

450
450
1800
1800
900 900
4500
4500
900
900
1800
1800
450
450
4500 4500
CP
4500 4500
450
450
1800
1800
900
900
4500
4500
900 900
1800
1800
450
450
450 1800 1800 450 450 1800 1800 450
Layout Plan of Foundation
2. Residual Shear Calculation :
Leg Shear ( kN ) = Fz*Tan Residual Shear ( kN )

Vertical Loads
Items Fx (kN) Fy (kN)
Fz ( kN ) FxRes FyRes
Fxleg Fyleg
= Fx-Fxleg = Fy-Fyleg
Max Compression Case 4259.22 1007.31 1007.31 1206.00 1122.69 198.69 115.38
Max Uplift Case 3834.23 906.80 906.80 1206.00 1122.69 299.20 215.89

SC 3 FOR
3. Foundation Geometry :
Size of the column = 900 mmX900 mm.

Dia of the Pile, Dp = 600 mm.
h'' = 280.5 mm.
h' = 400 mm.
f = 300 mm.
Pile Center to center Distance = 1800 mm.
Height of column, h = 700 mm.
Length/Width of the Cap, L/B = 4500 mm.
Cap Thickness, t = 1250 mm.
No. of Pile Per Leg = 8 Nos
Weight Calculation
Weight of Column, Wcol = 13.61 kNs. Foundation Layout Detail Typical Pile Cap Section
Weight of Pad, Wpad = 607.5 kNs.
Weight of Superimposed Soil, Ws =103.28 kNs.
Bouyant Weight of Column, W'col = 7.94 kNs
Bouyant Weight of Pad, W'pad = 354.38 kNs
Bouyant Weight of Superimposed Soil, W's = 42.53 kNs
Loads on Pile top :
For Maximum Comp.

Resultant Compressive Load = Rzc =Fz+ 1.35*(Wcol+Wpad+Ws) = 5150.22 kNs.
Moment Mx = Moment for Leg and Residual Shear = Fxleg*0.0 + FxRes*(t+h+h''-0.15) =376.12 kN.m
Moment My = Moment for Leg and Residual Shear = Fyleg*0.0 + FyRes*(t+h+h''-0.15) = 218.41 kN.m
For Maximum Uplift :

Resultant Uplift = Rzt=Fz - W'col - W'pad - W's = 3429.38 kNs
Moment Mx = Moment for Leg and Residual Shear = Fxleg*0.0 + Fxres*(t+h+h''-0.15) = 566.39 kN.m
Moment My = Moment for Leg and Residual Shear = Fyleg*0.0 + Fyres*(t+h+h''-0.15) = 408.68 kN.m
4 : Design Calculation for Pile :
Reaction of pile with applied vertical loads and biaxial bending moment can be expressed by the following equation:
R V M x *d1x M y *d1y
RV =
8 dix 2 diy 2
Where , d1x and d1y denote the distances from pile center to cap center along X or Y Direction. In this case d1x=d1y= 0.9 m.
dix 2
diy 2
6*1.8^2 = 19.44 Sqm.
4.1 - Pile Design Load Against Compressive Load :
R zc M x *d1x M y *d1y
Maximum compresive load that a pile will be imposed can be expressed by : R Cmax =
So Rcmax = 698.83 kNs. ( Pile weight is to be considered during Pile schedule)
8 dix 2 diy 2
4.2 - Pile Design

g Load Against
g Uplift
p :
R zt M x *d1x M y *d1y
Maximum compresive load that a pile will be imposed can be expressed by : R Tmax =
So Rtmax = 518.96 kNs. ( Pile weight is to be considered during Pile schedule)
8 dix 2 diy 2
4.3 - Minimum Length of Pile Group Against Uprooting :

Soil body to Resist Uplift
Say minimum length of pile =9 m
Depth of pile, d = 10.625 m. So a = d/2 = 5.313 m.
The base size of the soil frustum at the lowest point b' = 4.2m X4.2 m
The base size of the soil frustum at Mid Height ; b =5.247 m X5.247 m
Average Area = (4.2^2+5.247^2)/2 =22.59 sqm.

SC 3 FOR
So Frustum Volume = 22.59 * 5.3125 =120.01 cum

The upper soil volume = 5.247^2*5.313= 146.27 cum
Total soil Volume = 266.28 Cum GL
Total weight of soil body = 266.28*7=1863.96 kN
Skin resistance of pile group is Given by :
Qsu =2 * ( L B) * H * f s
Where L and B are the overall length and width of pile group,
H is the depth of soil block and f s is the unit skin friction
which is given by fs 1 K p Tan
2 s d
a
Ks =1 ;( soil to soil co-efficient of earth pressure)
Pd= d, = = 30 Degree
y = Submerged Density of soil = 7 kN/Cum.
Pd =7
7 *10
10.625
625 = 74.375
74 375 kNs.
kNs
So fs = 21.47 kN/Sqm.
L= B = b' = 4.2 m and H = d = 10.625 m.
So Qsu = 3832.4 kNs
b
d
Ultimate uplift capacity of pile group = Skin Resistance +
Submerged Weight of soil body = 5696.36kNs.
L
Allowable capacity (FS=1.5) = 3797.57 kNs
Resultant Uplift = 3429.38 kNs.

Which is less than 3797.57 kNs So OK.
4.4 - Check for pile head deflection:

a
For Max Compression:

Passive resistance by Cap Only ( Same in x and y face)
1
Passive resistance by Pile Cap is k p *(1.55+0.30)*1.25*4.5
*(1 55+0 30)*1 25*4 5 = 109 27 kN
109.27
2
1+sin
1-Sin b'
=Submerged density of soil =7 kN/Cum.
GL
300

Vres=Sqrt.(898.04^2+898.04^2)=1270.02 kN Cap Top
For Max Uplift:

1250

Vres=Sqrt.(797.53^2+797.53^2)=1127.88 kN
Cap Bot.
Design shear carried by a single Pile Qmax = 158.75 kN
Kp h
For fixed head pile depth of fixity is given by
Passive Pressure on Cap
Lf/T = 2.15; (Ref. to figure no 2 , appendix C of IS: 2911) For fixed head piles .
Where, T 5 EI K1 and K1 = 0.146 For Submerged Loose Sand
Where ; E 4700 fc ' 25742.96 Mpa = 257430 kg/sqcm.

d4
I 636172.5 cm4 EI = 163769889855 kg.sqcm.
64
So T = 257.03 cm = 2.57 m
So depth of fixity, Lf = 5.53 m
Deflection, Y = Q*(Lf)^3/12EI = 1.366 cm. = 13.66 mm; Which is less than 25mm, So OK.

SC 3 FOR
4.5 - Ultimate Stress on Pile Section

For Max Compression
For fixed head long pile :
Moment M=m.MF = 0.82*Q*Lf/2 =

For Max Compression M = 359.93 kN.m
For Max Uplift M = 319.67 kN.m
For Max Compression.
Q = Hu = 158.75 kN.
So Mu = 359.93 kN.m
For Max Uplift
Q = Hu = 140.99 kN.
So Mu = 319.67 kN.m
For Max Compression ultimate Moment , Mu = 359.93 kN.m
For Max Uplift ultimate Moment , Mu = 319.67 kN.m
Section-5 : Structural Design of Chimney & Pile Cap

5.1 - Design of Chimney :

50% of Ult. Compression = 2129.61 kN
Residual shear :
Fxmax = 299.20 kN
Fymax = 215.89 kN
Resultant Fxy = 368.96 kN
y 0.793 = 292.6 kN.m.
M = Fxy* 1 of 12 of dia. 20 mm
Pu = 2129610.00 N
Mu = 292582755.1 N.mm
D = 900.00 mm
b = 900 mm
d' = 66 mm
d'/D = 0.073 mm
fck = 25.0 Mpa
fy = 415.0 Mpa
Pu/fckbD = 0.105
Mu /fckbD2 = 0.016
For the above values, graph ( see annexure-1 ) shows that no rebar is needed.
As per Code Min Rebar Required = 0.004*900^2 = 3240 mm2
Consider Bar Dia. 20 mm
Column Section
Provide 12 nos 20mm dia.
Embedded Length of Rebar.

C
Compression
i tto b
be resisted
i t dbby th
the rebars
b iin chimney
hi =F
Fz = 2129
2129.61
61 kN
Total Nos. of reinforcement is 12 of dia 20 12mm.
As per BS 8110, Ultimate bond stress in compression bars uu is given by : uu=0.5fc' Mpa
Fs
Development length l d is given by : l d = ;where o is the total perimeter of all rebars, Fs=Fz
uu o
So Uu = 2.3 Mpa. So Development length ld required = 1228 mm.
Cap thgickness is = 1250 mm and Clear Cover at bottom = 75 mm
Let Chimney rebar rest on the bottom mesh of cap. So Embedded length provided = 1250-75-32 = 1143 mm which is more than requirement, so Ok.

SC 3 FOR
5.2 - Design of Pile Cap :
5.2.1.- Check Punching of cleats:
5.2.1.a Check For Compression:

Compression to be carried by cleats = 50% of Comp.= 2129.61 kN
Load Carried by each Cleat =0.5* Ccomp./16 = 133.1 kN

1/ 2
Fy t = Thickness of Angle Shear Connector = 20 mm
1.19
1 19 f 'c
w = width of angle shear connector = 150
( Ref. : Art.7.6.2, Design of Latticed Steel Transmission Structures; Published by The American Society of Civil Engineers)
x = 68.19 mm; So P = 537.47 kN >133.1 kN So OK .
5.2.1.b Check For Uplift:
Ultimate Uplift = 3834.23 kN

Load carried by each cleat = 239
239.64
64 kN

1/ 2 t = Thickness of Angle Shear Connector = 20 mm
Fy
1.19 f 'c w = width of angle shear connector = 150
x = 68.19 mm; So P = 537.47 kN >239.64 kN So OK .
5.2.2 - Check cap thickness for Flexural Shear :
Total shear acting at a distance d/2 from the face of the column = 3*Rmax; Where Rmax=Rc or Rt whichever is larger.
Rmax = 698.83 kN
So Total Shear,Vc =2*698.83 =1397.66 kN
Where, b = 4500 mm
Consider clear cover 75 and dia of Bar 16 mm , So d ( Outer Layer) = 1250-75-8 =1167 mm , where d is the effective depth of cap.
d ( Inner Layer) = 1250-75-16 - 8 = 1151 mm
dave = ( 1167+1151 )/2 = 1159 mm
dave.
So, Vc = Vc/bd = 0.27 Mpa
AS per ACI Shear Stress applied to concrete should be less than 0.17f'c Mpa. In present case which is coming 0.93 Mpa. This is greater than applied
stress so consideration is quite Ok.
5.2.3.- Check for position of Piles :
Distance from pile edge to pile cap edge, x = 200 mm

Distance from pile center to pile cap edge = 500 mm
Diameter of punching plane, y = 800 mm
Perimeter of punching plane = PI()*800 =2513 mm
So area of concrete to resist punching of pile = 2513*200 = 502600 Sq.mm
Punching stress developed = Rmax*1000/502600 = 1.39 Mpa
Where Rmax is the Maximum pile reaction = Rcmax = 698.83 kN
AS per ACI Shear Stress applied to concrete should be less than 0.34f'c Mpa. In present case
which is coming 1.52 Mpa. This is greater than applied stress, 1.39 Mpa, so consideration is quite
Ok.

SC 3 FOR
5.2.4 - Check for Bending Moment :
Maximum moment acting at the face of the column=2*Maximum pile reaction*distance between pile center to column face.
So Mmax=3*Rmax*x' , Where x' = 1.350 m fc ' 600 b= 0.02187
b =0.85*0.85*
Mmax= 1886.8 kN.m. f y 600 fy max= 0.75* b = 0.01640194
fy
Mu f ybd 2 1 0.59 ...; Where 0.9
f 'c
Mu Which is less than dprovide ; so OK
d 290.51 mm
fy
f y b(1 0.59 )
fc '
5.2.5 - Reinforcement Calculation :
5.2.5.1 - Bottom Reinforcement :
Consider clear cover 75 and dia of Bar 16 mm , So d (Outer Layer) = 1250-75-8 = 1167 mm; where d is the effective depth of cap.
d ( Inner Layer) = 1250 -75 -16 - 8 = 1151 mm
dmin = MIN( 1151,1167) = 1151 mm
Compressive pile reactions will produce tension at the bottom of the cap.
Mdes = 1886.841 kN.m
Area of steel, As = M*1000000/(0.9*fy*(d-a/2)) =4433 mm2. 42 Nos. of Dia. 16 mm along both dic.
Check for a
a = As*fy/(.85*fc'*b) = 22.6 mm
Consideration is OK, So As = 4433 mm2.
But Min Rebar Required = 0.0015bt = 8437.5 mm2
5.2.5.2 - Top Reinforcement :

Consider clear cover 50 and dia of Bar 16 mm , So d (Outer Layer) = 1250 -50-8 = 1192 mm
Where d is the effective depth of cap from Cap Bottom to Rebar center at Top.
d ( Inner Layer) = 1250 -50-16 - 8 = 1176 mm
d = Min(1192,1176) = 1176 mm
Cap Reinforcement Plan at Bottom
Tensile pile reactions will produce tension at the top of the cap.
So Mu= 2*Rt*x' , Where x' = 1.35 m 42 Nos. of Dia. 16 mm along both dic.
Mdes = 1401.19 kN.m
Area of steel, As = M*1000000/(0.9*fy*(d-a/2)) = 3212 mm2
Check for a
a = As*fy/(.85*fc'*b) = 16.4 mm
Consideration is OK, So As = 3212 mm2
Min Rebar Required = 0.0015bt = 8437.5 mm2

5.2.5.3 -Vertical Reinforcement Around The pile cap :
Total uplift to be resisted by the vertical rebars around the pile cap = Fz = 3834.23 kN
So As = Fz*1000/0.7/Fy = 13198.73 mm2 Cap Reinforcement Plan at Top
Total Nos. of top reinforcement is 168 whose total area is 33778 mm2.
So if all top bars are bent downwards this will be good enough for uplift.
As per BS 8110, Ultimate bond stress in tension bars uu is given by : Uu = 0.4fc' = 1.84 Mpa
Fs
Development length ld is given by : l d = ;where o is the total perimeter of all rebars, Fs=Fz
uu o
So Development length ld required = 247 mm
Provide all top bars bent downwards for the half depth of the cap.It will be suffient for development length.

SC 3 FOR
5.2.5.4 -Horizontal Reinforcement Around The pile cap :

Provide 5 nos. of 10mm dia bar around the cap distributed along the whole depth with 300 mm lapping at the joint.
6 - Structural Design of Pile

Ultimate Moment For Maximum Compression , Mu = 359.93 kN.m
Ultimate Moment For Max Uplift , Mu = 319.67 kN.m
6.1 Design of upper segment of pile
6.1.1 Design
g for Compression
p Plus Bending
g
Pile diameter, h = 600 mm
Ac = /4h2 = 282743.3 Sqmm.
c N
1.5 f A
c c
c M
1.5 f A h
c c
c Atot f y
1.5 A f
c c
c = 1.5
Pile Section at Upper Segment
fc = 30.00 MPa
M = Moment = 359930000.00 N.mm
so = 0.082
And = 0.071
Rebar Dia = 25 mm
6.1.2 Design for Tension Plus Bending
fc = 30.00 MPa
M = Moment = 319670000.00 N.mm Pile Section at Lower Segment
so = 0.061
And = 0.063 Hu
Rebar Dia = 25 mm
h= 1st Segment Length of pile

Provide 14 nos. of dia. 25mm.
Length of fixity is 5.53 meter. ( Ref. to clause4.4 - Check for pile head deflection: )
For safe dissipation of moment at the point of fixity designed rebar is extended by 2.97 meter
below the point of fixity. Hence length of upper segment of the pile is 8.5 meter.
6.2 Calculation to Find Point of Zero Moment in the Pile
1
Moment at aheight h is Hu * h k p h*h*Pile Dia*h/3 =0.0
2
1+sin
1-Sin
Since Tension plus Bending combination requires more reinforcement than that of compression
plus bending combination, Uplift case is taken into consideration. Kp h
Hu ( for Uplift ) = 140.99 kN Passive Pressure on Pile
So Moment =-0.1 at a distance 8.194 m from Pile Top

SC 3 FOR
(h should be measured from GL but 1st segment of pile is

h = 8.194 m and Pile Dia = 0.6 m
considered Conservatively)
Upper segment considered = 8.5 meter

Rebar Requirement to Resist Tensile force :
Acting tension at any point = Tension at pile top - Frictional Resistance by Soil
Skin Friction is g
given by
y = 0.5*Ks*Pd*tand*As
Where; Ks=0.7, = = 30 Degree
Submerged Density of soil = 7 KN/Cum
Pd=8.5 *7 = 59.5 kN/Sqm
As=PI()*0.6*8.5 = 16.02 Sqm
So, Frictional Resistance by soil=0.5*0.7*59.5*Tan15*16.02 = 192.61 kN
Net Tension at the point = 518.96 - 192.61 = 326.35 kN
Tensile Force to be resisted = 326350 N
Consider no tension to be resisted by concrete that means all tensile forces shall be resisted by rebar only.
Yield Strength of Rebar = 415 Mpa
So Tensile Strength Can be considered as = 0.7*415=290.5 Mpa
So Rebar area required to resist Tensile force = 326350 / 290.5 = 1124 mm2
Minimum Rebar for pile section is = 0.004*X-Sectinal area of pile = 1131 mm2.
7 nos. of dia 16 mm for the lower segment is ok from structural point and minimum requirement as well.

SC 3 FOR
Annexure-1: Reinforcement Chart for Chimney

SC 3 FOR
Annexure-2: Reinforcement Chart for Pile

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Foundation Design Calculation of Tower Type 2DT6 For

1st Subm. 17-Apr-11 Md. Giasuddin

Md. Giasuddin Revision

Foundation of Tower Type 2DT6 for SC-2

Contents Page No.

1.1 Foundation Loads 03

1.2 Geotechnical Information 03

1.3 Foundation Strength Factors 03

1.4 Factored Foundation Loads 03

1.5 Codes & Standards Considered 03

1.6 Material Properties 03

1.7 Geometrical Data of the Tower 2DT6 03

1.8 Layout Plan Of the Foundation 04

2. Residual Shear Calculation 04

4 : Design Calculation for Pile 05

4.1 - Pile Design Load Against Compressive Load 05

4.3 - Minimum Length of Pile Group Against Uprooting 05

4.4 - Check for pile head deflection 06

4.5 - Ultimate Stress on Pile Section 07

Section-5 :Structural Design of Chimney & Pile Cap 07

5.1 - Design of Chimney 07

5.2.1.- Check Punching of cleats 08

5.2.1.a Check For Compression 08

5.2.1.b Check For Uplift 08

5.2.2 - Check cap thickness for Flexural Shear 08

5.2.3.- Check for position of Piles 08

5.2.4 - Check for Bending Moment 09

5.2.5 - Reinforcement Calculation 09

5.2.5.1 - Bottom Reinforcement 08

5.2.5.2 - Top Reinforcement 09

5.2.5.3 -Vertical Reinforcement Around The pile cap 09

5.2.5.4 -Horizontal Reinforcement Around The pile cap 10

6 - Structural Design of Pile 10

6.1 Design of upper segment of pile 10

6.1.1 Design for Compression Plus Bending 10

6.1.2 Design for Tension Plus Bending 10

6.2 Calculation to Find Point of Zero Moment in the Pile 10

Giasuddin Date : 17 April '11

1.1 Foundation Loads :

Ultimate Loads Along Global Direction ( Pull and Thrust Vertical)

Items Fz ( kN ) Fx (kN) Fy (kN)

Max Compression Case 3154.98 893.33 831.62

Max Uplift Case 2840.17 893.33 831.62

1.2 Geotechnical Information:

Angle of Int. Friction, = 32 Degree

Soil Density = 18 kN/Cum.

1.3 Foundation Strength Factors :

For All Load Cases 1.23 1.35

1.4. Factored Foundation Loads.

Factored Loads by using Foundation Strength Factor from Appendix (7.A2),Volume 2 of 3

Max Long. Case in Comp. 4259.22 1206.00 1122.69

Max Long. Case in Uplift 3834.23 1206.00 1122.69

1.5 Codes & Standards Considered :

1.6 Material Properties and Clear Cover :

28 days cube strength of concrete for Pile; fc' = 30 Mpa.

1.7 Geometrical Data of the Tower 2DT6 :

Face Slope = = 13.306 Degree.

Md. Giasuddin Page 3 of 13 Date : 17 April '11

1.8 Layout Plan Of the Foundation

450 1800 1800 450 450 1800 1800 450

450 1800 1800 450 450 1800 1800 450

Layout Plan of Foundation

2. Residual Shear Calculation :

Moment M=m.MF = 0.82QLf/2 =