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Quy Hoach Mang 4G LTE PDF
Quy Hoach Mang 4G LTE PDF
HCM
KHOA IN - IN T
B MN IN T VIN THNG
N TT NGHIP
ti:
LI CM N
QUYT NH GIAO TI
Sinh vin thc hin: Nguyn Th Thy Dng
MSSV: 06117013
Ngnh: Cng ngh in t - Vin thng
Tn ti: QUY HOCH MNG 4G LTE V P DNG CHO TP.HCM
1) C s ban u:
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2) Ni dung cc phn thuyt minh v tnh ton:
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3) Cc bn v:
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4) Gio vin hng dn: TS. L Quang Tun
5) Ngy giao nhim v:
6) Ngy hon thnh nhim v:
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Ngy .. thng .. nm 2011 Ngy .. thng .. nm 2011
Gio vin phn bin 1 Gio vin phn bin 2
n tt nghip Trang v
LI NI U
Ngnh cng ngh vin thng chng kin nhng pht trin ngon mc
trong nhng nm gn y. Khi m cng ngh mng thng tin di ng th h th ba
3G cha c thi gian khng nh v th ca mnh trn ton cu, ngi ta
bt u ni v cng ngh 4G (Fourth Generation) t nhiu nm gn y. Th nhng,
ni mt cch chnh xc th 4G l g? Liu c mt nh ngha thng nht cho th h
mng thng tin di ng tng lai 4G?
C nhiu nh ngha khc nhau v 4G, c nh ngha theo hng cng ngh,
c nh ngha theo hng dch v. n gin nht, 4G l th h tip theo ca mng
thng tin di ng khng dy. 4G l mt gii php vt ln nhng gii hn v
nhng im yu ca mng 3G. Thc t, vo gia nm 2002, 4G l mt khung nhn
thc tho lun nhng yu cu ca mt mng bng rng tc siu cao trong
tng lai m cho php hi t vi mng hu tuyn c nh. 4G cn l hin th ca
tng, hy vng ca nhng nh nghin cu cc trng i hc, cc vin, cc cng
ty nh Motorola, Qualcomm, Nokia, Ericsson, Sun, HP, NTT DoCoMo v nhiu
cng ty vin thng khc vi mong mun p ng cc dch v a phng tin m
mng 3G khng th p ng c.
kh nng kt ni vi nhiu loi hnh mng truy nhp v tuyn khc nhau v kh
nng chn la mng v tuyn thch hp nht truyn ti dch v n ngi dng
mt cch ti u nht. Quan im ny c xem nh l quan im lin i. Do ,
khi nim ABC-Always Best Connected (lun c kt ni tt nht) lun c
xem l mt c tnh hng u ca mng thng tin di ng 4G. nh ngha ny c
nhiu cng ty vin thng ln v nhiu nh nghin cu, nh t vn vin thng chp
nhn nht hin nay. D theo quan im no, tt c u k vng l mng thng tin di
ng th h th t 4G s ni ln vo khong 2010-2015 nh l mt mng v tuyn
bng rng tc siu cao. Vit Nam , hin nay 3G ang pht trin rm r v
tin ln 4G khng cn xa na. Theo tin t Tp on Bu chnh vin thng Vit
Nam (VNPT), n v ny va hon thnh vic lp t trm BTS s dng cho dch
v v tuyn bng rng cng ngh LTE (Long Term Evolution), cng ngh tin 4G
u tin ti Vit Nam v ng Nam .
Phn B : Ni dung
Chng 4 : M phng
MC LC
LI CM N ......................................................................................................... i
MC LC ........................................................................................................... viii
MC LC BNG................................................................................................. xv
PHN B : NI DUNG
CHNG 1: GII THIU V H THNG THNG TIN DI NG V TNG
QUAN V MNG 4G ............................................................................................ 1
1. 3. 1 u im ni bt.................................................................................... 11
2.6.1 K thut truy cp phn chia theo tn s trc giao OFDM [1].................. 36
3. 2. 1 D bo lu lng ................................................................................. 66
3. 3. 1. 1 Qu ng truyn [2].................................................................... 68
4.1 Cc lu .................................................................................................... 95
MC LC HNH
Hnh 2.1: So snh v cu trc gia UTMS v LTE ................................................ 24
Hnh 2.4 : Cu trc h thng cho mng truy cp3GPP v khng phi 3GPP .......... 28
Hnh 3. 3: Quan h gia bng thng knh truyn v bng thng cu hnh .............. 88
Hnh 4.3: Giao din phn quy hoch mng LTE .................................................... 96
Hnh 4.15: Giao din phn chuyn giao v iu khin cng sut.......................... 105
Hnh 4.16: Nhp d liu cho iu khin cng sut ............................................... 106
Hnh 4.19: So snh iu khin cng sut ca LTE v WCDMA .......................... 109
MC LC BNG
Bng 2.1 : Cc thng s lp vt l LTE ................................................................. 17
Bng 2.5 : S khi ti nguyn theo bng thng knh truyn ................................... 43
NI DUNG
n tt nghip Trang 1
Khi cc ngnh thng tin qung b bng v tuyn pht trin th tng v
thit b in thoi v tuyn ra i v cng l tin thn ca mng thng tin di ng
sau ny. Nm 1946, mng in thoi v tuyn u tin c th nghim ti ST
Louis, bang Missouri ca M.
1. 1. 1. 1 c im
Trm thu pht gc BTS phi c b thu pht ring lm vic vi mi MS trong
cell.
Khng tng thch gia cc h thng khc nhau, c bit chu u, lm cho
thu bao khng th s dng c my di ng ca mnh cc nc khc.
Gii php duy nht loi b cc hn ch trn l phi chuyn sang s dng k
thut thng tin s cho thng tin di ng cng vi k thut a truy cp mi u
im hn v c dung lng v cc dch v c cung cp. V vy xut hin
h thng thng tin di ng th h 2.
H thng thng tin di ng s s dng k thut a truy cp phn chia theo thi
gian (TDMA) u tin trn th gii c ra i chu u v c tn gi l GSM.
Vi s pht trin nhanh chng ca thu bao, h thng thng tin di ng th h 2 lc
p ng kp thi s lng ln cc thu bao di ng da trn cng ngh s. H
thng 2G hp dn hn h thng 1G bi v ngoi dch v thoi truyn thng, h
thng ny cn c kh nng cung cp mt s dch v truyn d liu v cc dch v
b sung khc. Vit Nam, h thng thng tin di ng s GSM c a vo t
nm 1993, hin nay ang c Cng ty VMS v GPC khai thc rt hiu qu vi hai
mng thng tin di ng s VinaPhone v MobiFone theo tiu chun GSM.
a truy cp phn chia theo thi gian (Time Division Multiple Access - TDMA):
phc v cc cuc gi theo cc khe thi gian khc nhau.
a truy cp phn chia theo m (Code Division Multiple Access - CDMA): phc
v cc cuc gi theo cc chui m khc nhau.
Cc c im ca TDMA
- TDMA c th phn pht thng tin theo hai phng php l phn nh trc
v phn pht theo yu cu. Trong phng php phn nh trc, vic phn pht cc
cm c nh trc hoc phn pht theo thi gian. Ngc li trong phng php
phn nh theo yu cu cc mch c ti p ng khi c cuc gi yu cu, nh
tng c hiu sut s dng mch.
- Trong TDMA cc knh c phn chia theo thi gian nn nhiu giao thoa
gia cc knh k cn gim ng k.
- TDMA s dng mt knh v tuyn ghp nhiu lung thng tin thng qua
vic phn chia theo thi gian nn cn phi c vic ng b ha vic truyn dn
trnh trng lp tn hiu. Ngoi ra, v s lng knh ghp tng nn thi gian tr do
truyn dn a ng khng th b qua c, do s ng b phi ti u.
Knh v tuyn CDMA c dng li mi cell trong ton mng, v nhng knh
ny cng c phn bit nhau nh m tri ph gi ngu nhin PN.
c im ca CDMA
- Vic cc thu bao MS trong cell dng chung tn s khin cho thit b truyn
dn v tuyn n gin, vic thay i k hoch tn s khng cn vn , chuyn
giao tr thnh mm, iu khin dung lng cell rt linh hot.
Tc ca th h th ba c xc nh nh sau:
ng ln : 1885-2025 MHz.
- L h thng thng tin di ng ton cu cho cc loi hnh thng tin v tuyn:
- S dng cc mi trng khai thc khc nhau: trong cng s, ngoi ng,
trn xe, v tinh.
- C th h tr cc dch v nh:
4G l h thng thng tin bng rng c xem nh IMT tin tin (IMT
Advanced) c nh ngha bi ITU-R. Tc d liu ra l 100Mbps cho thu
bao di chuyn cao v 1Mbps cho thu bao t di chuyn, bng thng linh ng ln
n 40MHz. S dng hon ton trn nn IP, cung cp cc dch v nh in thoi IP,
truy cp internet bng rng, cc dch v game v dng HDTV a phng tin
liu v cc dch v khc. N cho php chuyn giao gia cc mng v tuyn trong
khu vc cc b v c th kt ni vi h thng qung b video s.
Cc mc tiu m 4G hng n :
Cht lng cao cho cc dch v a phng tin nh m thanh thi gian thc,
tc d liu cao, video HDTV, TV di ng
Cc im cn xt n
Cc k thut c s dng
K thut s dng lp vt l
Hin nay, cng ngh 3G cho php truy cp Internet khng dy v cc cuc
gi c hnh nh. 4G c pht trin trn cc thuc tnh k tha t cng ngh 3G. V
mt l thuyt, mng khng dy s dng cng ngh 4G s c tc nhanh hn mng
1. 3. 1 u im ni bt
- OFDM DL
Chng nhiu a ng
- SC-FDMA UL
PAPR thp
- MIMO
Tc d liu cao
-Pht nhiu dng d liu c lp song song qua cc anten ring l => tng tc d
liu. (s dng MIMO)
tr thp
-Tr HO v thi gian ngt ngn : TTI ngn, trng thi RRC n gin
Gi thnh r
-S dng hai di tn s:
Di 2 : ph cn li
-Cc user trung tm cell : s dng ton b bng => tc d liu cao
gi thnh cho b song cng trong UE. Truy cp tuyn ln da vo a truy cp phn
chia theo tn s n sng mang (Single Carrier Frequency Division multiple Access
SC-FDMA) cho php tng vng ph tuyn ln lm t s cng sut nh trn cng
sut trung bnh thp (Peak-to-Average Power Ratio PAPR) so vi OFDMA. Thm
vo , ci thin tc d liu nh, h thng LTE s dng hai n bn ln h s
ph cell so vi h thng HSPA Release 6.
ng c thc y
- Gim phc tp
Mc tiu ca LTE
- Tc d liu cao
- tr thp
Cc c tnh c bn ca LTE
- Tc :
DL : 100Mbps( BW 20MHz)
- tr : nh hn 5ms
- Ph tn s:
ph sng t 5-100 km
- Lin kt mng:
Bng thng linh hot trong vng t 1.4 MHz n 20 MHz, iu ny c ngha
l n c th hot ng trong cc di bng tn ca 3GPP. Trong thc t, hiu sut
thc s ca LTE ty thuc vo bng thng ch nh cho cc dch v v khng c s
la chn cho ph tn ca chnh n. iu ny gip ng k cho cc nh khai thc
trong chin lc v kinh t v k thut. Trin khai ti cc tn s cao, LTE l chin
lc hp dn tp trung vo dung lng mng, trong khi ti cc tn s thp n c th
cung cp vng bao ph khp ni. Mng LTE c th hot ng trong bt c di tn
c s dng no ca 3GPP. N bao gm bng tn li ca IMT-2000 (1.9-2 GHz)
v di m rng (2.5 GHz), cng nh ti 850-900 MHz, 1800 MHz, ph AWS (1.7-
2.1 GHz)Bng tn ch nh di 5MHz c nh ngha bi IUT th ph hp vi
dch v IMT trong khi cc bng tn ln hn 5MHz th s dng cho cc dch v c
tc cc cao. Tnh linh hot v bng tn ca LTE c th cho php cc nh sn
xut pht trin LTE trong nhng bng tn tn ti ca h.
DL OFDMA
Di 16.7 s
Ln n 4 lp cho DL/UE
Lp 1 2 3 4 5
Dch v ca LTE
Thoai (rich voice) m thanh thi gian thc VoIP, video hi ngh cht
lng cao
Tin nhn P2F(P2F SMS, MMS, cc email u tin Cc tin nhn photo, IM,
messaging) thp email di ng, tin nhn video
Thng tin cc Ngi dng tr qua hoc trn Tp ch trc tuyn, dng m
ph(paid mng tnh cc chun. Chnh thanh cht lng cao.
information) yu l da trn thng tin vn
bn.
C s h Bt u nm Bt u nm 2007 Bt u nm 2010
tng v cc 2007
thit b c
gi tr
thut MIMO ci thin cht lng truyn/nhn tn hiu, ng xung t trm thu
pht n thit b u cui u c tng tc bng k thut OFDM h tr truyn ti
d liu a phng tin v video.
Hnh trn cho ta thy s khc nhau v cu trc ca UTMS v LTE. Song
song vi truy nhp v tuyn LTE, mng gi li cng ang ci tin ln cu trc tng
SAE. Cu trc mi ny c thit k ti u hiu sut mng, ci thin hiu qu
chi ph v thun tin thu ht phn ln dch v trn nn IP.
Mng truy nhp v tuyn RAN (Radio Access Network): mng truy nhp v
tuyn ca LTE c gi l E-UTRAN v mt trong nhng c im chnh ca n l
tt c cc dch v, bao gm dch v thi gian thc, s c h tr qua nhng knh
gi c chia s. Phng php ny s tng hiu sut ph, lm cho dung lng h
thng tr nn cao hn. Mt kt qu quan trng ca vic s dng truy nhp gi cho
tt c cc dch v l s tch hp cao hn gia nhng dch v a phng tin v gia
nhng dch v c nh v khng dy.
C nhiu loi chc nng khc nhau trong mng t bo. Da vo chng, mng
c th c chia thnh hai phn: mng truy nhp v tuyn v mng li. Nhng chc
nng nh iu ch, nn, chuyn giao thuc v mng truy nhp. Cn nhng chc
nng khc nh tnh cc hoc qun l di ng l thnh phn ca mng li. Vi
LTE, mng truy nhp l E-UTRAN v mng li l EPC.
nh truy nhp v tuyn bng rng WLAN, WiMAX. IMS to iu kin cho cc h
thng mng khc nhau c th tng thch vi nhau. IMS ha hn mang li nhiu li
ch cho c ngi dng ln nh cung cp dch v. N v ang c tp trung
nghin cu cng nh thu ht c s quan tm ln ca gii cng nghip. Tuy nhin
IMS cng gp phi nhng kh khn nht nh v cng cha tht s chn
thuyt phc cc nh cung cp mng u t trin khai n. Kin trc IMS c cho l
kh phc tp vi nhiu thc th v v s cc chc nng khc nhau.
Hnh 2.4 : Cu trc h thng cho mng truy cp3GPP v khng phi 3GPP
Hnh 2.5: Cu trc h thng cho mng truy cp3GPP v lin mng vi CDMA 2000
mt giao din bo hiu gia SGSN (Serving GPRS Support Node) v mng li mi,
vi h thng 3GPP2 cng c mt giao din bo hiu gia CDMA RAN v mng li
mi.
LTE-SAE tip nhn khi nim QoS theo tng lp. iu ny cung cp mt
gii php n gin v n by gi vn hiu qu cho nhng nh khai thc c c s
phn bit gia nhng dch v gi.
Giao thc ca E-UTRAN pht trin thm ca UTRAN bng cch thm L1 v
MAC mi.
- Lp biu
- Ghp nhiu knh logic khc nhau trn mt knh truyn n RLC, cng nh
trong WCDMA c chc nng sau:
- M ha (ciphering)
- Chn tiu
Trong giao din iu khin, chc nng ca giao thc RRC th cng ging
nh bn UTRAN. Giao thc RRC cu hnh cc thng s kt ni, iu khin bo co
o lng thit b u cui, cc lnh chuyn giaoM ASN1 c s dng cho
RRC ca LTE, n dn cch s khc bit gia cc phin bn ng tng thch li.
Giao thc RRC s bao gm t trng thi hn EUTRAN. Ch c trng thi tch cc
hay ri c d on bi v c tnh linh ng ca s phn b ngun ti nguyn.
Cc trng thi ca RRC trong LTE l:
2.5.1 Tri tr a ng
Tn hiu nhn c ni thu gm tn hiu thu trc tip v cc thnh phn phn
x. Tn hiu phn x n sau tn hiu thu trc tip v n phi truyn qua mt khong
di hn, v nh vy n s lm nng lng thu c tri rng theo thi gian. Khong
tri tr (delay spread) c nh ngha l khong chnh lch thi gian gia tn hiu
thu trc tip v tn hiu phn x thu c cui cng. Trong thng tin v tuyn, tri
tr c th gy nn nhiu xuyn k t nu nh h thng khng c cch khc phc.
i vi LTE, s dng k thut OFDM trnh c nhiu xuyn k t ISI.
v
f f 0 (2.1)
c
Cc user khc nhau giao tip vi trm gc ti cc khe thi gian khc nhau.
Phng php ny ly trc tip thnh phn nhiu bng cch li dng cc k hiu hoa
tiu khi, v vy n khng cn s dng c lng CFO nhiu ln. Sau , ma trn
can nhiu c th c khi phc li v nh hng ca cc CFO c th c trit d
dng bng cch s dng phng php o ma trn. Phng php trit nhiu MAI c
th c cp [19].
2.6.1 K thut truy cp phn chia theo tn s trc giao OFDM [1]
- Thc hin vic chuyn i chui d liu t ni tip sang song song nn
thi gian symbol tng ln do s phn tn theo thi gian gy bi tri tr
do truyn dn a ng gim xung.
a ) Khng c GI
b) C GI
K thut a truy nhp ca OFDMA cho php nhiu ngi dng cng truy
cp vo mt knh truyn bng cch phn chia mt nhm cc sng mang con
(subcarrier) cho mt ngi dng ti mt thi im. cc thi im khc nhau,
nhm sng mang con cho 1 ngi dng cng khc nhau. iu ny cho php truyn
d liu tc thp t nhiu ngi s dng.
Trong OFDMA, vic ch nh s sng mang con cho ngi dng khng da
vo tng sng mang con ring l m da vo cc khi ti nguyn (Resource Block).
Mi khi ti nguyn bao gm 12 sng mang con cho khong thi gian 1 slot v
khong cch gia cc sng mang con l 15KHz dn n kt qu bng thng ti
thiu ca n l 180 KHz. n v nh nht ca ti nguyn l thnh phn ti nguyn
(RE), n bao gm mt sng mang con i vi khong thi gian ca mt k t
OFDM. Mt RB bao gm 84 RE (tc 7 x12) trong trng hp chiu di CP thng
thng v 72 RE (6x12) trong trng hp chiu di CP m rng.
Tn hiu tham kho (RS) : LTE s dng cc tn hiu tham kho c bit
d dng c lng dch sng mang, c lng knh truyn, ng b thi
gianCc tn hiu tham kho c b tr nh hnh sau:
thng tin. Tuy nhin cc k hiu ny pht i ln lt ch khng phi song song nh
trong OFDMA. V th, cch sp xp ny lm gim ng k s thng ging ca
ng bao tn hiu ca dng sng pht. V th cc tn hiu SC-FDMA c PAPR
thp hn cc tn hiu OFDMA. Tuy nhin trong cc h thng thng tin di ng b
nh hng ca truyn dn a ng, SC-FDMA c thu ti cc BTS b nhiu gia
cc k t kh ln. BTS s dng b cn bng thch ng min tn s loi b nhiu
ny.
Hnh trn cho thy s khc nhau trong qu trnh truyn cc k hiu s liu
theo thi gian. Trn hnh ny ta coi mi ngi s dng c phn thnh 4 sng
mang con (P = 4) vi bng thng con bng 15KHz, trong mi k hiu OFDMA
hoc SC-FDMA truyn 4 k hiu s liu c iu ch QPSK cho mi ngi s
dng. i vi OFDMA 4 k hiu s liu ny c truyn dng thi vi bng tn
con cho mi k hiu l 15KHz trong mi khong thi gian hiu dng TFFT ca mt
k hiu OFDMA, trong khi i vi SC-FDMA, 4 k hiu s liu ny c
truyn ln lt trong khong thi gian bng 1/P (P = 4) thi gian hiu dng k hiu
SC-FDMA vi bng tn con bng P x 15KHz (4 x 15 KHz) cho mi k hiu.
Trong OFDM, bin i Fourier nhanh FFT dng bn thu cho mi khi k
t, v o FFT bn pht. Cn SC-FDMA s dng c hai thut ton ny c bn
pht v bn thu.
to ra cc dng d liu trn cng mt knh truyn, t lm tng dung lng knh
truyn.
i vi tuyn xung, cu hnh hai anten trm pht v hai anten thu thit
b u cui di ng l cu hnh c bn, cu hnh s dng bn anten ang c xem
xt. y chnh l cu hnh SU-MIMO, v s dng k thut ghp knh khng gian
vi li th hn cc k thut khc l trong cng iu kin v bng thng s dng v
k thut iu ch tn hiu, SU cho php tng tc d liu (data rate) bng s ln
ca s lng anten pht.
Ghp knh khng gian cho php pht chui bit d liu khc nhau trn cng
mt khi ti nguyn tuyn xung. Nhng dng d liu ny c th l mt ngi dng
Chng 2 : Cu trc mng 4G LTE v cc vn lin quan
n tt nghip Trang 50
(SU-MIMO) hoc nhng ngi dng khc nhau (MU-MIMO). Trong khi SU-
MIMO tng tc d liu cho mt ngi dng, MU-MIMO cho php tng dung
lng. Da vo hnh 2.29, ghp knh khng gian li dng cc hng khng gian
ca knh truyn v tuyn cho php pht cc d liu khc nhau trn hai anten.
iu kin cht lng tn hiu l iu kin khi cht lng hay cng tn hiu
v tuyn b suy gim di mt ngng nht nh. Chuyn giao ph thuc vo cht
lng tn hiu c thc hin cho c hng ln ln hng xung ca ng truyn
dn v tuyn.
thc hin chuyn giao, trong sut qu trnh kt ni, UE lin tc o cng
tn hiu ca cc cell ln cn v thng bo kt qu ti mng, ti eNodeB.
Trong trng hp chuyn giao thc hin bi mng (NEHO), eNodeB thc
hin quyt nh chuyn giao. Trong trng hp MEHO, UE thc hin quyt nh
chuyn giao. Trong trng hp kt hp c hai loi chuyn giao NEHO v MEHO,
quyt nh chuyn giao c thc hin bi s phi hp gia eNodeB vi UE.
Ngay c trong trng hp chuyn giao MEHO, quyt nh cui cng v vic
thc hin chuyn giao l do eNodeB. ENodeB c trch nhim qun l ti nguyn v
tuyn (RRM) ca ton b h thng.
Trnh t chuyn giao gia hai cell trong LTE thc hin nh sau:
Chuyn giao mm hay chuyn giao gia cc cell l chuyn giao c thc
hin gia cc cell khc nhau, trong trm di ng bt u thng tin vi mt trm
gc mi m vn cha ct thng tin vi trm gc c. Chuyn giao mm ch c th
c thc hin khi c trm gc c ln trm gc mi u lm vic cng mt tn s.
MS thng tin vi 2 sector ca 2 cell khc nhau (chuyn giao 2 ng) hoc vi 3
sector ca 3 cell khc nhau (chuyn giao 3 ng).
Trong trng hp chuyn giao mm hn, BS pht trong mt sector nhng thu
t nhiu sector khc nhau. Khi c chuyn giao mm v chuyn giao mm hn c
thc hin ng thi, trng hp ny gi l chuyn giao mm - mm hn.
Chuyn giao cng c thc hin khi cn chuyn knh lu lng sang mt
knh tn s mi. Cc h thng thng tin di ng t ong FDMA v TDMA u ch
s dng phng thc chuyn giao ny.
Nhng ngc li, hng ln LTE th da trn trc giao, vic qun l can
nhiu gia cc user trong cng mt cell th t quan trng hn WCDMA. Thay i
tc d liu ng ln LTE th bng thng pht thay i v thay i MCS,
trong khi cng sut pht trn n v bng thng (chng hn nh PSD) c th khng
i i vi mt MCS.
UE s iu chnh cng sut pht ca mnh da trn lnh TCP. Lnh TCP
c pht da bi eNodeB n UE, da trn SINR mong mun v SINR m
eNodeB thu c. Trong h thng iu khin cng sut vng kn , b thu ng ln
ti eNodeB c lng SINR ca tn hiu thu v n so snh vi gi tr SINR mong
mun. Khi SINR thu c thp hn SINR mong mun, lnh TCP c pht n UE
yu cu tng cng sut pht. Ngc li, lnh TCP s yu cu UE gim cng sut
pht.
Delta- MCS: cho php cng sut trn khi ti nguyn thch nghi theo tc
k.BPRE
pht d liu thng tin. Cng sut pht i hi trn khi ti nguyn l (2 1).
Trong BPRE l t s s bit thng tin trn thnh phn ti nguyn RE trong mt
RB, k l h s t l v gi tr thch hp cho k l 1.25 i vi cng sut offset ph
thuc vo MCS.
T vic tm hiu khi qut cng ngh LTE v cc vn lin quan, ta tin hnh
quy hoch mng trong chng tip theo.
3. 2. 1 D bo lu lng
Thng thng ta s u tin ph sng trc tin cc khu vc quan trng nh:
cc vng thng mi, cc vng c mt dn c ng c, cc ng cao tc
chnh... da trn bn mt dn c. Da trn bn dn c cho php ta d
on c lu lng ngi s dng, iu kin mi trng truyn sng, cc nh
hng ca n ln m hnh truyn sng c th a ra la chn cho cc h s hiu
chnh mi trng v thm nhp to nh.
3. 3. 1. 1 Qu ng truyn [2]
N = Ni + NF (3. 3)
N = Ni + NF (3. 9)
V d v qu ng truyn [2]
Bng 3. 1 :V d v qu ng ln ca LTE
ng ln (dB)
My thu (BS)
H s tp m my thu 2,0 NF
trm gc (dB)
H s tp m my thu 7,0 NF
(dB)
My thu (BS)
Tn s lm vic.
Lp= A + Blgfc 13,82lghb a(hm) + (44,9 6,55lghb)lgr + Lother (dB) (3. 13)
Trong :
Thng s A&B:
- i vi thnh ph ln:
vng thnh ph l:
2
fc
Lp = Lp(thnh ph) - 2 lg 5, 4 (dB) (3. 17)
28
Trong :
W: rng ph (m)
h m= h r - hm (m)
hm : cao MS
hb : cao BS
10 0.3546, 0 350
Lori ( ) 2.5 0.075( 35), 350 550
0 0
4 0.114( 55),55 90
Trong :
18. lg(1 hb ), hb hr
Lbsh
0, hb hr
54, (hb hr )
ka = 54 0,8hb,(r 500m, hb hr )
54 1, 6h ,(r 500m, h h )
b b r
15hb
18 , hb hr
kd hr
18, h h
b r
f
k f 4 1,5 c 1 vi thnh ph ln.
925
f
k f 4 0, 7 c 1 vi thnh ph trung bnh.
925
h r = 3 *(s tng) + nc nh
(dB)
M hnh Motley-Keenan
L ( d B ) 3 2 .5 2 0 * lg f 2 0 * lg R k * F ( k ) p * W ( k ) D ( R d b )
(3. 27)
Trong :
F: tn s (MHz)
F : h s tn hao ca tng(dB)
W: h s tn hao ca tng(dB)(ch 1)
M hnh IMT-2000
M hnh Hata-Okumura :
M hnh Walfisch-Ikegami :
-NON-LOS :
X =( 20+kd)
-LOS :
X= 26
M hnh to nh:
-Nhiu tng:
X= 10 *n
-Cng tng:
X= 10 *n
M hnh Motley-Keenan:
X= 1+*10a/20
Vi a = 20lgR
M hnh IMT-2000
- To nh :
M= 30
- Trong nh v va h:
X=40
Mi trng xe:
X= 40(1-4*10 -2hb)
Sau khi tnh c kch thc cell, d dng tnh c din tch vng ph vi
ch din tch vng ph ph thuc vo cu hnh phn on trm gc. Din tch
vng ph i vi mt cell c cu trc lc gic u c tnh nh sau:
S = K. r2 (3.43) [2]
tnh ton cell throughput trc tin ta xt tc bit nh (peak bit rate).
Tng ng vi mi mc MCS (iu ch v m ha) cng vi c kt hp MIMO
hay khng s to ra cc tc bit nh khc nhau. Tc bit nh c tnh theo
cng thc sau:
S bit
Tc bit nh = x S sng mang con x (3. 45)[2]
Hz
l 14 k t tng ng vi mi slot l 7 k t.
Ta suy ra c SNR :
T SNR tm c ta tnh thng lng cell (cell throughput) qua cng thc sau:
Nsc NsNrb
BW = (3. 49) [6]
Tsub
Trong :
Hnh 3. 3: Quan h gia bng thng knh truyn v bng thng cu hnh
1. 4 6 1. 08
3 15 2. 7
5 25 4. 5
10 50 9
15 75 13. 5
20 100 18. 0
Trong :
Sau khi tnh ton c s eNodeB theo vng ph v s eNodeB theo dung
lng, ta ti u s eNodeB li bng cch ly s eNodeB ln nht trong hai trng
hp. S eNodeB ny l s eNodeB cui cng c lp t trong mt vng nh sn.
p dng cch thc tnh theo quy hoch vng ph v quy hoch lu lng
cho thnh ph HCM. T din tch ca thnh ph v bn knh cell c xc nh
da trn qu ng truyn v m hnh truyn sng thch hp ta tnh c s
eNodeB c lp t trong thnh ph. T s user c c lng cho tng
qun huyn ca thnh ph, kt hp vi MCS, bng thng knh truyn, da trn
cc cng thc tnh ton ta xc nh c s eNodeB lp t cho tng qun
huyn ca thnh ph. T hai iu kin ti u ny, s eNodeB cui cng s l s
eNodeB ln nht ca hai iu kin ti u trn.
3.5 Ti u mng
Ti u mng l qu trnh phn tch cu hnh v hiu nng mng nhm ci thin
cht lng mng tng th v m bo ti nguyn ca mng c s dng mt cch
c hiu qu.
nhn tng quan v cht lng v hiu nng ca mng, bao gm vic lp k hoch v
trng hp o ti hin trng v o bng h thng qun l mng lp bo co
iu tra. i vi h thng 2G, cht lng dch v gm: thng k cc cuc gi b rt
v phn tch nguyn nhn, thng k chuyn giao v kt qu o cc ln gi thnh
cng. Cn cc h thng 3G, 4G c cc dch v rt a dng nn cn a ra cc nh
ngha mi v cht lng dch v.
Trong :
P0 l thng s c th ca cell/UE .
Trong :
Di Cng sut Cng sut lp Cng sut Cng sut lp Cng sut
hot lp1 2 lp 3 3 lp 4
ng
Cng Sai Cng Sai Cng Sai Cng Sai Cng Sai
sut s sut s sut s sut s sut s
(dBm) (dB) (dBm) (dB) (dBm) (dB) (dBm) (dB) (dBm) (dB)
Band +33 +1/- +27 +1/- +24 +1/- 23 +2/- +21 +2/-
I 3 3 3 2 2
CHNG 4: M PHNG
Chng ny trnh by phn m phng quy hoch mng 4G LTE s dng
ngn ng VS 2008 (Visual Studio 2008) v lin kt d liu vi SQL Server 2005
Express. Phn m phng trnh by li cch tnh ton vng bao ph, quy hoch dung
lng a ra s trm cn thit lp t trong vng cn ph sng m c th l
TP.HCM. ng thi, ti u quy hoch, phn m phng cng trnh by v iu
khin cng sut v chuyn giao ca LTE.
4.1 Cc lu
Chng 4: M phng.
n tt nghip Trang 96
Chng 4: M phng.
n tt nghip Trang 97
4.2.1.1 Qu ng truyn
Chng 4: M phng.
n tt nghip Trang 98
Chng 4: M phng.
n tt nghip Trang 99
Chng 4: M phng.
n tt nghip Trang 100
Chng 4: M phng.
n tt nghip Trang 101
truyn c th. Bng thng knh truyn c s dng trong phn m phng ny bao
gm cc bng thng ca LTE : 1.4 MHz, 3 MHz, 5 MHz, 10 MHz, 20 MHz. Cc
phng thc iu ch bao gm QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM vi cc tc m ha
khc nhau. Cc k thut anten c s dng l dng n, 2x2 MIMO, 4x4 MIMO.
Chng 4: M phng.
n tt nghip Trang 102
4.2.3 Ti u s trm
Chng 4: M phng.
n tt nghip Trang 103
Chng 4: M phng.
n tt nghip Trang 104
Chng 4: M phng.
n tt nghip Trang 105
Hnh 4.15: Giao din phn chuyn giao v iu khin cng sut
Chng 4: M phng.
n tt nghip Trang 106
Hnh trn m t phn nhp d liu cho LTE trong phn iu khin cng sut.
Cc thng s cn thit cho vic iu khin cng sut c cp chng 2. Phn
m phng thc hin tn s 2110 MHz, tc d liu 144 Kbps. phn m
hnh truyn sng p dng m hnh Walfish-Ikegami, cc thng s c trnh by
nh trn hnh trn.
Chng 4: M phng.
n tt nghip Trang 107
Chng 4: M phng.
n tt nghip Trang 108
so snh iu khin cng sut ca LTE v WCDMA, ta phi nhp liu cho
WCDMA. Ta s dng cc thng s nh nhau, v m hnh truyn sng ta s dng
m hnh Walfish-Ikegami, vi tn s 2120 Mhz, v tc 144 kbps.
LTE ngi ta s dng cng sut thu tn hiu tham kho RSRP lm tham
s quyt nh mc cng sut pht, cn WCDMA, ngi ta s dng cng sut thu
m tn hiu RSCP lm tham s o lng quyt nh mc cng sut pht.
Chng 4: M phng.
n tt nghip Trang 109
Chng 4: M phng.
n tt nghip Trang 110
Phn m phng thc hin m phng chuyn giao gia cc cell, cc kiu
chuyn giao. hnh trn, m phng UE ang chuyn giao t cell1A qua cell1B,
kiu chuyn giao y l bn trong LTE v cng tn s. Mc chnh lch RSRP v
RSRQ gia 2 cell quyt inh thc hin chuyn giao c trnh by chng
2. Trn hnh mc RSRP o c cell1A l -99 dB v -65 dB, UE nhn thy mc
RSRP thu c cell1B ln hn v do chuyn giao c thc hin.
Chng 4: M phng.
n tt nghip Trang 111
Chuyn giao c th thc hin khng thnh cng c th do nhiu nguyn nhn.
C th quyt nh chuyn giao c thc hin qu tr, c th do iu kin mi
trngChuyn giao cng c khuyt im l ct trc khi ni, v th d xy ra
hiu ng ping pong. Hiu ng ping pong l hin tng UE b chuyn giao lin tc
trong vng phc v. Do nh hng ca mi trng xung quanh, lm cho RSRP thu
c ca cell phc v ti UE nh, dn n UE c quyt nh chuyn giao qua
cell khc, lt sau RSRP ca cell phc v tr nn tt, dn n UE li c chuyn
giao li cell ang phc v.
Chng 4: M phng.
n tt nghip Trang 112
Chng 4: M phng.
n tt nghip Trang 113
Hng pht trin ca ti l dung lng v vng ph sau khi quy hoch s
c phn tch cho tng , tm bn truyn sng thc t, tm c cc thng s c
th. C th p dng ASP.NET hiu chnh kt qu tnh ton c. ng thi cng
c th tm hiu cch nh v cell hiu chnh kt qu.
PH LC 1 : CC T VIT TT
K hiu T vit tt Ngha
1G One Generation Cellular H thng thng tin di ngth h th
nht
2G Second Generation Cellular H thng thng tin di ngth h th
hai
3G Third Generation Cellular H thng thng tin di ngth h th
ba
4G Four Generation Cellular H thng thng tin di ngth h th
t
3GPP Third Generation Patnership D n hp tc th h 3
Project
A
ACK Acknowledgement Tn hiu xc nhn
B
BCCH Broadcast Control Channel Knh iu khin qung b
BCH Broadcast Channel Knh qung b
BW Band Width Bng thng
C
CDMA Code Division Multiple a truy cp phn chia theo m
Access
CAPEX Capital Expenditure
CP Cycle Prefix Tin t lp
D
DL-SCH Downlink Share Channel Knh chia s ng xung
DL Downlink Hng xung
E
EDGE Enhance Data rates for GSM Tc d liu tng cng cho mng
Evolution GSM ci tin
Ph lc 1: Cc t vit tt
n tt nghip Trang 115
Ph lc 1: Cc t vit tt
n tt nghip Trang 116
Ph lc 1: Cc t vit tt
n tt nghip Trang 117
Ph lc 1: Cc t vit tt
n tt nghip Trang 118
TDMA Time Division Multiple a truy cp phn chia theo thi gian
Access
TTI Time Transmit Interval Khong thi gian pht
TDD Time Division Duplexing Ghp knh phn chia theo thi gian
TPC Transmit Power Command Lnh cng sut pht
U
UMB Ultra Mobile Broadband Di ng bng rng m rng
UL Uplink ng ln
UTRAN UTMS Terrestrial Radio Mng truy nhp v tuyn mt t
Access Networks
UTMS Universal H thng thng tin di ng
Telecommunication Mobile
UE System Thit b ngi dng (Di ng)
User Equipment
V
VHE Virtual Home Environment Mi trng nh o
VoIP Voice IP Thoi s dng IP
W
WCDMA Wideband Code Division a truy cp phn chia theo m bng
Multiple Access rng
WAP Wireless Applicaion protocol Giao thc ng dng khng dy
Ph lc 1: Cc t vit tt
n tt nghip Trang 119
PH LC 2 : HNG DN S DNG
CHNG TRNH
1.Ci t chng trnh
Phn cng:
o My tnh chip Pentium III 600 MHz tr ln (Cu hnh ngh: Chip 1
GHz hoc cao hn.)
B ci t:
2. To bng d liu
TN BNG : LTERcell_RLB
( Rb,[Suyhao(UL)],[Suyhao(DL)],
[Rcell(UL)(m)],[Rcell(DL)(m)],[Dt(UL)(m2)],[Dt(DL)(m2)],[S BS(UL)],[S
BS(DL)],[S BS tng])
TN BNG : THROUGHPUT
TN BNG : SSRcell_RLB
( Rb,[Suyhao(LTE)],[Rcell(LTE)(m)],[Dt(LTE)(m2)],[Suyhao(WCDMA)],[Rcell(
WCDMA)(m)],[Dt(WCDMA)(m2)])
(MS,[R(m)],[P0(dBm)],[PUSCH_TX(dBm)],[Pathloss(dB)],[RSRP(dBm)],[UE_TX
(dBm)],[Pmax_UE(dBm)])
[2]. Harri Holma and Antti Toskala both of Nokia, Filand;WCDMA for UMTS-
HSPA Evolution and LTE; John Wiley & Sons, Ltd 2007.
[3]. Stefania Sesia, Issam Toufik and Matthew Baker; LTE-The UMTS Long
Term Evolution : From Theory to Practice; 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
[5]. Vijay K.Garg; IS-95 CDMA and CDMA 2000 cellular/PCS systems
implementation; Prentice hall PTR, Upper saddle river NT07458,2000.
[6]. Christian Mehlf uhrer, Martin Wrulich, Josep Colom Ikuno, Dagmar
Bosanska, Markus Rupp; SIMULATING THE LONG TERM EVOLUTION
PHYSICAL LAYER; Institute of Communications and Radio-Frequency
Engineering Vienna University of Technology;Gusshausstrasse 25/389, A-1040
Vienna, Austria
[8]. Bilal Muhammad; Closed loop power control for LTE uplink; Blekinge
Institute of Technology School of Engineering; November 2008
[11]. http://khudothimoi.com/dulieu/ban-do-quy-hoach/350-ban-do-cac-quan-
tphcm.html
[17]. Philip Solis Practice Director, Wireless Connectivity Aditya Kaul Senior
Analyst, Mobile Networks Nadine Manjaro Associate Analyst Jake Saunders Vice
President, Forecasting; Prospects for HSPA, LTE, and WiMAX; ABI
research.(tham kho cho phn so snh gia LTE v WiMAX).
[18]. Gio trnh L trnh pht trin thng tin di ng 3G ln 4G, TS.Nguyn
Phm Anh Dng. Nh xut bn Thng tin v truyn thng.