2000

, 2000

1
 1
,
: .

1 .

.

1.1.1 [2]


.

.

1.1.1 [5]

.


.

1.3.3

.

.

2
 2

: .

2 (2.1 2.2) .

.

2.2.2.1

5%.
1993


q.
. 1995,
, ,
,
.

=5 =1,
.
2.8 2
4 .
1.32 1.08.
.

.

.

2.2.2.4
q.
[2] q.
q

.

2.6 .
,
5% 10%
. q,
,
.
2.6 1. q=2
50% 1/3 .

.

.

3
 8
1995 :

.

4
 K 3

: .

.
1.

3 ,
.
(, , , .)
(, , .)
.
, , 3
.
(. ),
. :

K 3 :
1995 2000
3.1 3.1
3.2 3.2
3.3
3.3 3.4
3.4. 3.5

3.5 3.6
3.6 3.7

. 3.1 .
. 3.2 ,
,
,
. , ( . 3.5.1)
.
3.3 3.5
, .

5
 . 3.4 ,
.
. 3.6 .
, . 3.7 ,

,
(S=a =0,
), . ,
2,5 2 :

(z) = 2 (/g) (1+z/H) / [(1+(1-T/)2] ! =0 : (0) = /g

, 8 (3
2, 3 1992!).
,
3.3 3.5 .

2. ( )

2.1
,

.
(., ),

.
(.
)





,
.
;

6

.
. , 2000

, .

. .
, ,
, .

.
, .
;
.

2.2


, .
, ,
, ,
.

,
, ,
, ,
. ,
,
, ,

7
 .
2000.
2000.
; .

.

2.3 :

() ' ()
2000
, , .

< 0.35 i
()
i=i+1 Ki < 0.35 Ki < 0.50 i
< 0.50 i

()
mi=mi+1 mi < 0.35 mi < 0.50 mi i = (/hi)

( )

, 2000,

.


.

8
2.4

.
, ,
. :
. T ; ( =;)
. ' ; ( Fi = ;)
. ( )
;
. ;

.

,
.
,

. ,
.

, ,
, .
.


.

.

..

, ,

. , 8
.
, ,
,
, ,

9
, ,
. , ,
,
.
, (, 8,
SEAOC), ,
. ;
,
.
.
2000 ,
,
.


.
,
.
;
:
, ,
. :
,
, . ,
. ,
, .


.

10
 z
inimum

(z)
Po

,
.
E, 2000
(, ),
.
.

2.5 ()

,
( ) :

()
eo =
.

11
 ()
2 = z / K : z = ,
= u/z K =
u =
z = z=1
, ,
.

() m
2m = 2 + eo2

r (
) :
m > r
!
m <= r
! ! ( :
)

2000
( ) .
,
(x y) m,i i
ri
.

2.6
: (
) ;
,
, , ,
( )
. ,
. ,

12
, ,
:
()
,

. ei = 0.05LI ( i),
.

eo

F F
m

e e
Po

min e

max e
E
() efi, eri ,
( )
. ;
,
.
, ,
.
.



. 2000,

13
 ( 2000),
.

2.7

. :
; .! 2000 :

() .
, ,
.

X Y,
() .
.
:
: ,X ,X
: , ,

; ,
= ,X + , = ,X + ,
, .
, ,
,
:

ex M = (M,X)2 + (M,)2 , ex N = (,X)2 + (,)2

;
,
. , 4 :

( ex M , simult ) : simult = ( M,X N,X + M, N, ) / ex M

( ex , simult M ) : simult M = ( M,X N,X + M, N, ) / ex

14
,
,
( ) .
2000
.
, 2000
( )
.

3.

,
.
.

3.1

( )
.
,
"
,
" ,
"

( 2000 ),

.
, 2000 ,
,
(.. x y
). ..,

.

15
 R b=Ra
Ra

Rb'
Rb
Ra'
Ra

max M = ( Ma2 + Mb2 )1/2 max M' = ( Ma'2 + Mb'2 )1/2

max M = max M'

2000
. ..,
8, the design seismic action shall be applied along all
relevant horizontal directions. (3.3.3.1 (4)), .
.
,
.
, , ,
, .
.
.

16
3.2


.
, (.
) .
, . ,
4 , 2 .
: , 4
: , , mi
=
ei I (. ).
2000 .

exi
mi mi
KBi KBi
Rd
Rd exi

mi
eyi
KBi KBi
eyi

mi

2
,

. .

.
.

17
 Rd

1995 2000 Rd
ei Fi 2 ei Fi

2eiFi

H
, ,
,
, .
,
.

( 2 ! ).
2000.

3.3
(.. , . )

. ( x)
,
(CQC, Complete Quadratic Combination)
i,x :

ex M,x = i j ij Mi,x Mj,x

(SRSS, Square root of the Sum of Squares) :

ex M,x = i (Mi,x )2

SRSS CQC
.

. ( )

ex M = (ex M,x)2 + (ex M,y)2

18
 ,
SRSS, .

3.4
:
;
.
,
( exM, exN ) .
, 4
: , .

( ex M, x+y , simult , x+y )

( ex , x+y , simult M, x+y )

: simult ,x+y = { i j ij ( Mi,x Nj,x + Mi,y Nj,y) } / ex M,x+y

simult ,x+y = { i j ij ( Mi,x Nj,x + Mi,y Nj,y) } / ex ,x+y

x y .
, ,

,
( ) .

, 6 :

ex M simult M simult M
simult ex simult
simult simult ex

4 4x6=24 . 24
.

, 2000
.
8 .

19

, . :

(..
).
,
;
,
.
, ,
2000, :
, , .
. , 2
x y :
S = Sx + 0.3 Sy
S = 0.3 Sx + Sy
.. :

ex M,x ex M,y
Sx = ex M,x Sy = ex M,y
ex ,x ex ,y

(8 ) (8 )

2x8x8=128 .
4
, 4x128=256
, .
.
2000, ,


:

ex M,x+y
ex M,x+y
ex ,x+y

20
 8 , 4x8=24,
. ,


.

21
 .

: .

3.3.3

[2]
P0 z0
(i0),

Mzi = cFi,
.

Fi.
,
X Y,
FiX FiY .
;

22
3.3.3

[3] x, y
P0XY
:
2u XY
2 =
u XX uYY

P0
FiX uXX, uYX
FiY uXY, uYY
uYX = uXY.

uYX = uXY.
:
FiX FiY uYX = uXY
FiX = FiY (
, . {9} {10} 3
)
uYX = uXY

23
3.3.3

3.1 eoyi eoxi

.

24
3.3.3

[4]
,
x,y .

(. .3.3.3) :

[4] . (3.2)
(.. <10), .
(.. uXX uYY)
, =0.

[4],

x,y ,
.

[4], (
uXX uYY ),
.

25
 1

5 ( Fi)
Xp = uY/ = 0,0032/0,00135 = 2,37 m
Yp = uX/ = 0,0032/0,00135 = 2,37 m

uXX = 0,0646 uYX = 0,0054

uXY = 0,0054 uYY = 0,0646

2u XY 0,0108 0,0108
2 = = = =
u XX uYY (0,0646 0,0646) 0

2=90 =45

26
 2

1
Xp = uY/ = 0,01922/0,005508 = 3,489 m
Yp = uX/ = 0,01922/0,005508 = 3,489 m

uXX = 0,01061 uYX = 0,00144

uXY = 0,00144 uYY = 0,01061
2u XY 0,00288 0,00288
2 = = = =
u XX uYY 0,01061 0,01061 0

2=90 =45

27
 3

1
Xp = uY/ = 0,009425/0,002358 = 3,997 m
Yp = uX/ = 0,008568/0,002358 = 3,634 m

uXX = 0,072420 uYX = 0,000944

uXY = 0,000944 uYY = 0,073620
2u XX 0,001888
2 = = = 1,57
u XX uYY 0,07242 0,07362

2=57,5 =28,8

28
 -

, :
Fi ,
,
FiX FiY.

,

.

3.3.3.[4] "

, x,y
",
'
.

29
 .

: .

) 10 .
) n 5
. 4
2
3 2
V.
1.

()
4 >2
3 >2 IV

) .

4,
35% .
) i
0.35 i: i+1- i<0.35 i
i
0.50 i: i- i+1<0.50 i
) mi 0.35 mi:
mi+1- mi<0.35 mi
mi 0.50 mi:
mi -mi+1 <0.50 mi

.

30

.
) V.
) :
mizi
Fi= V , i,j=1,2,,N
m jz j
F1
F
2 (
) : z=1 .
. z)

FN
z.
)
(Po) zo=0.8H (H:
). zo ,
.
Po. , i,
Poi.

.
,
PoiXY.
F1
F
2
) F= .
.

FN
Fi Po,i
. uX,X, uY,X
Po ( 0.8H).
F1
F
2
) F= .
.

FN

31
 Fi Po,i Y
. uX,Y uY,Y
Po ( 0.8H).
x X
:
2u XY
2= ( )
u XX u YY

<10, X Y (
).

( ),
.
.

. y
:
mx,i<ri my,i<ri , .
Mi
eoy,i eoi
mx,i= 2x + 2
e ox ,i my,i= 2y + 2
e oy ,i
Poi eox,i x
:
eox,i eoy,i: Poi
x y (eo,i
).
x y : .

uy ux
x= , y= ,
z z
:
ux: x ( ) Po (zo=0.8H) Fx
Po,i x .
uy: y ( ) Po (zo=0.8H) Fy
Po,i y .
z: zo=0.8H z.
ux uy
Fx Fy .
:

32
) ef er ( )

) .

1) Mz
2) ) FX (
.
) FY (
).

.
max ex,i=efx,i+ex,i max ey,i=efy,i+ey,i
min ex,i=erx,i-ex,i min ey,i=ery,i-ex,i
: ex,i=0.05Lx,i , ey,i=0.05Ly,i :
efx,i , erx,i , efy,i ery,i :

:
efx,i=1.5 ex,i efy,i=1.5 ey,i
erx,i=0.5 ex,i ery,i=0.5 ey,i
ex,i: Poi i
x .
ey,i: Poi i
y.
Po,i Po,i i
(i i ). ex,i , ey,i
. efx,i efy,i . erx,i
ery,i .

.

.


x y.

33
 Tx (
x) uy,i z,i
. Ty (
y) ux,i z,i
.
.

x,i y,i.

(), (), ()

.
:

H H H H
x = 0.09 y = 0.09
Lx H + xLx Ly H + yLy
:
: .
Lx, Ly: x y .
x , y:
x y
.
, ,
ix iy
.

Vox = MRd(Tx) Voy = MRd(Ty)
M: .
M .
M
.

mi x , i
Fi,x=(Vox-VHx) , i,j=1,2,,N (N )
m jx , j

34
 mi y ,i
Fi,y=(Voy-VHy)
m jy, j
mi: i
i,x : i
x.

i,y : i
y.
VHx = 0.07 TxVox, (VHx 0.25Vox)
VHy = 0.07 TyVoy, (VHy 0.25Voy)
VHx : Tx> 1 sec.
VHy : Ty> 1 sec.
:
mizi
Fi,x=(Vox-VHx) (1)
m jz j
mizi
Fi,y=(Voy-VHy) (1)
m jz j
: zi i .
:
) 1, 2 3 2
.
) 1 2 3
, ,
) 1 2 4
.
2. 1, 1
()
1, 2 3 2
1 2 3 ,
1 2 4

.
max ex,i, max ey,i, min ex,i min ey,i
:

35
Fx min ey
Fx max ey
Fy min ex
Fy max ex

.1

F, FY z,
(1, 1)
max ex,i, max ey,i, min ex,i min ey,i
.

Z.
4
.
Fx (min ey) Fy (min ex)
Fx (min ey) Fy (max ex)
Fx (max ey) Fy (min ex)
Fx (max ey) Fy (max ex)

36
.2

:
)
exA
x, y z
:

exA= A, 2x + A, 2y + A, 2z

,x, A,y A,z

x, y z .
exA ,
:
A, x A, y A,
,= B, x + B, y + z B, z
exA exA exA
B,x, B,y B,z
x, y z
)

(
, ,
).
F= Fx0.3Fy0.3Fz
F= 0.3FxFy0.3Fz
F= 0.3Fx0.3FyFz
:

37
F:
x,y z.
Fx, Fy Fz
x, y z ( ,
).
:
F = Fx 0.3Fy
F = 0.3Fx Fy
8 :
F1 = Fx + 0.3Fy = - F5 F3 = 0.3Fx + Fy = - F7
F2 = Fx 0.3Fy = - F6 F4 = -0.3Fx + Fy = -F8

.3
.
)

,
( )

.

, ,
(2 3).

exM M , M M , N

1= -4= M ,M , 2= -5= exM , 3= -6= M , N
N , M N , M exN

38
 , , :

ex= M , 2x + M , 2y + M , 2z

M ,x M ,y M ,z
,= M ,x + M,y + M ,z
exM exM exM

M ,x M ,y M ,z
,= N ,x + N ,y + N ,z
exM exM exM

ex= M , 2x + M , 2y + M , 2z

M ,x M ,y M ,z
,= M ,x + M ,y + M ,z
exM exM exM

M ,x M,y M ,z
,= N ,x + N ,y + N ,z
exM exM exM

ex = N , 2x + N , 2y + N , 2z

N ,x N ,y N ,z
,N= M ,x + M ,y + M ,z
exN exN exN

N ,x N ,y N ,z
,N= M ,x + M ,y + M ,z
exN exN exN
.
, 4x6=24 .
)
8

.
.
: 8x4 = 32
, 32 .

, 96 96

.

39

:
Gk + P + 2i .Qki.

40


V.
mizi
: Fi= V , i,j=1,2,,N
m jz j
: z = 1.F
z Po ( zi=0.8H)

Po.
PoXY.
FX uX,X , uY,X 2u XY
2=
FY uX,Y , uY,Y u XX u YY
( Poxy)

ux Fx
uy Fy

uy ux
x= , y= mx,i= 2x + e 02 x ,i <ri my,i= 2y + e 02 y ,i < ri
z z

max ex,i=efx,i+ex,i max ey,i=efy,i+ey,i
min ex,i=erx,i-ex,i min ey,i=ery,i-ex,i
ex,i=0.05Lx,i ey,i=0.05Ly,i :
efx,i , erx,i , efy,i ery,i :

ef er efx,i=1.5 ex,i efy,i=1.5 ey,i


erx,i=0.5 ex,i ery,i=0.5 ey,i

x y ( )
Vox Voy

41


Fx,i Fy,i

exA= A, 2x A, 2y + A, 2z F= Fx0.3Fy0.3Fz
F= 0.3FxFy0.3Fz
A, x A, y A,
,= B, x + B, y + z B, z F= 0.3Fx0.3FyFz
exA exA exA

4*8=32
4*6=24

4*24=96
42


.

: 20 cm : =2.8*107 kN/m2
: 20 cm : 15 kN/m2
: 25/60 :
: 40/40 :
: h=3.2 m : =5%
: q=3.5

(/2000
.3.2.3)
Y 1.86

1.86

4.464

M
8.184

3.72

O X
3.72 3.72 3.72

11.16

:
m=(3.72*3+(3.72+4.464))*15/9.81=139.65 t(SI)
V=300 kN

43
 mizi
Fi= V
j j
m z

mizi 139.65 * 3.2

: F1= V = 300 = 100 kN
m jz j 139.65 * (3.2 + 6.4)

mizi 139.65 * 6.4

F2= V = 300 = 200 kN
m jz j 139.65 * (3.2 + 6.4)

100
: z = kNm
200
z
0.8=5.12 m, 2
.
2 :
uX uY Z
6.606*10-4 -4.71*10-4 1.034*10-4
2 :
X=-uY/Z= -4.71*10-4/1.034*10-4=4.555 , =uX/Z=6.606*10-4/1.034*10-4=6.389

Po (4.555, 6.389, 6.4).
Po :
100
) FX= ,
200
Poi.
100
) FY= , Y
200
Poi.
uX(Po) uY(Po)
-3
FX 1.31*10 4.53*10-6
FY 4.56*10-6 1.56*10-3
uYX uXY uXX uYY

(... . 3.3.3[4] .3.3.3[4]).

44
 2u XY
2= = 1.037 o .
:
u XX u YY
x y X Y.

)
100
Po Fx = x
200
Poi (ux0 , uy0).
)
100
Po Fy = y
200
Poi (uy 0 , ux 0).
:

uy 1.56 *10 -3 ux 1.31 * 10 3

x= = = 3.8842 , y= = = 3.5594
z 1.034 * 10 -4 z 1.034 * 10 4

XY :
=5.58 , Y=4.092
Po=4.555 , YPo=6.389
:
eox,1= eox,2=5.58-4.555=1.025
eoy,1= eoy,2=6.389-4.092=2.297

11.16 2 + 8.184 2
: r1=r2= = 3.995
12
:

mx,1= mx,2= 2x + e ox
2 2 2
,i = 3.8842 + 1.025 = 4.017 > 3.995

my,1= my,2= 2y + e oy
2 2 2
,i = 3.5594 + 2.297 = 4.236 > 3.995.

45

:
efx,i=1.5 ex,i efx,1= efx,2=1.5 ex,1=1.5*1.025=1.5375
efy,i=1.5 ey,i efy,1= efy,2=1.5 eyx,1=1.5*2.297=3.445
erx,i=0.5 ex,i erx,1= erx,2=0.5 ex,1=0.5*1.025=0.5125
ery,i=0.5 ey,i ery,1= ery,2=0.5 ey,1=0.5*2.297=1.148
T :
ex,i=0.05Lx,i ex,1= ex,2=0.05*11.16=0.558
ey,i=0.05Ly,i ey,1= ey,2=0.05*8.184=0.4092
:
max ex,i=efx,i+ex,i max ex,1= max ex,2=efx,1+ex,1=1.5375+0.558=2.0955
max ey,i=efy,i+ey,i max ey,1= max ey,2=efy,1+ey,1=3.445+0.4092=3.8542
min ex,i=erx,i-ex,i min ex,1= min ex,2=erx,1-ex,1=0.5125-0.558=-0.0455
min ey,i=ery,i-ex,i min ey,1= min ey,2=ery,1-ey,1=1.148-0.4092=0.7388

(E.A.K./2000 .3.5.2[1] ):

H H H H
x = 0.09 =0.14 y = 0.09 =0.185
Lx H + xLx Ly H + yLy

:
x=0.1875 y=0.2059

0.1875 2.5
Rd(Tx)= 0.16*9.81 1 + *( 1) = 1.149 m / s 2
0.2 3.5
2.5
Rd(Ty)= 0.16*9.81 = 1.121 m / s 2
3.5
:
=2*139.65=279.3

Vox = * Rd(Tx)= 279.3*1.149=320.9 kN

46
Voy = * Rd(Ty)= 279.3*1.121=313.1 kN

mizi 139.65 * 3.2
F1,x= Vox = 320.9 = 106.97 kN
m jz j 139.65 * (3.2 + 6.4)

mizi 139.65 * 6.4

F2,x= Vox = 320.9 = 293.94 kN
m jz j 139.65 * (3.2 + 6.4)

mizi 139.65 * 3.2

F1,y= Voy = 313.1 = 104.367 kN
m jz j 139.65 * (3.2 + 6.4)

mizi 139.65 * 6.4

F2,y= Voy = 313.1 = 208.734 kN
m jz j 139.65 * (3.2 + 6.4)

.

Y 1.86

1.86 Fi,y Fi,y

Po
0.045
0.74
4.464
Fi,x 2.09

3.85
M

Fi,x

3.72

O X
3.72 3.72 3.72

47
 106.97 104.38
1) Fx= min ey 3) Fy= min ex
213.94 208.73

106.97 104.38
2) Fx= max ey 4) Fy= max ex
213.94 208.73

.
N, Mx My 1
.
Mx My
Fx (min ey) -13.06 -7.21 -20.1
Fx (max ey) -12.39 -33.47 -45.58
Fy (min ex) 14.71 -18.06 -0.3745
Fy (max ex) 15.16 -35.67 -17.46

:
1. Fx (min ey) Fy (min ex)
2. Fx (min ey) Fy (max ex)
3. Fx (max ey) Fy (min ex)
4. Fx (max ey) Fy (max ex)

. 1
24 (, x, My)
1 .

48
 1. 1

x My
ex = 19.67 x,N= -8.718 y,N= 13.065
,x= -8.819 exx= 19.44 y,x= 7.8
,y=12.78 x,y= 7.54 exy= 20.1
1
ex = -19.67 x,N= -8.718 y,N= -13.065
,x= 8.819 exx= -19.44 y,x= -7.8
,y= -12.78 x,y= -7.54 exy= -20.1
ex = 20.1 x,N= -22.32 y,N= -0.109
,x= -12.27 exx= 36.39 y,x= 21.09
,y= -0.08 x,y= 28.83 exy= 26.62
2
ex = -20.01 x,N= 22.32 y,N= 0.109
,x= 12.27 exx= -36.39 y,x= -21.09
,y= 0.08 x,y= -28.83 exy= -26.62
ex = 19.24 x,N= 7.75 y,N= 29.08
,x= 3.92 exx= 38.03 y,x= 40.29
,y= 12.27 x,y= 33.62 exy= 45.58
3
ex = -19.24 x,N= -7.75 y,N= -29.08
,x= -3.92 exx= -38.03 y,x= -40.29
,y= -12.27 x,y= -33.62 exy= -45.58
ex = 19.58 x,N= -6.44 y,N= 15.32
,x= -2.58 exx= 48.92 y,x= 43.92
,y= 6.147 x,y= 44.015 exy= 48.8
4
ex = -19.58 x,N= 6.44 y,N= -15.32
,x= 2.58 exx= -48.92 y,x= -43.92
,y= -6.147 x,y= -44.015 exy= -48.8

49

3
3.1 (. 19) eoy,i eox,i.
:

.1 (. 74) . Lrx,i Lry,i
Po. :

50
 4:
: .

4.1.2.2
.
3 3.5.3.

4.1.2.3

.
3 3.1.1 [5].

4.1.2.4
2 .

:
[1] .
.
[4] <0.20 <0.30.
2
( ).
:
[5] [3] [4]
.
4.2
( )
.

4.1.4

() ,
.
[5] :

51
 ,

q 1.5
q/2, 1.0 q 2.6.

.
8

() .

[4.1.4.1]
[4.1.5]
[4.1.6], .

.
50% ,
,
q.
q=1.0.
.

(). q (
)
:

( ).
.5.2 [2]
( )
.
.

52
 ... 1.5 q/2.
. .
1.0.
1.5 q/2 1.5 q/2.

.
,
,

.
,
(1:1.5=67%),
1.5 .

.

q<<1.0. . ,

.

4.1.4.2


.
, ,
, , .

.

0.60 .
50% ( 0.40)
.

80% .

53

.
, ,
,
.
.
( ) (
) .

,
.
3.3.3 [7] .
.
3.
( )
.

1/3 .



.
4.9.

4.1.7.

.
[4]
.
.

,

.4.1.4.2. ( 4 )

54

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).
, ,
.



.


:

;
;

;
;
;
.
.
,
.

4.1.7.. [1]
25 .
.

4.1.7.. [4]


. .

55
4.1.7. [5]

.

4.1.7.2 [2]

.
.

4.1.7.2 [3]
,
, .

4.1.7.2 [4]
.

4.1.7.2 [5]

4.1.7.2 [4] .

56
 5
-
: .

5.1

1) 2 (
, , .)
( ).

2)
, 2, 3 4

--- .
25%
2.

3) ( )

.

4)
.

5.2

1) SFd ( M, V, N)

:

S Fd = S V + CD S E

57
2)
CD ( V/ME):

MR MV
CD = 1.20 q
ME ME

.

.

3) (5.2.3)

.
( ,
)
( )
.

58
 (5.2.3.2)

1.

N Fd R Nd
Fd
RNd .

RNd
() ( ).

.

, ,
.
(
)
.
:
=0.60
=0.40 IV

eB ,
3

!

)
( , )
) -
) (q>1, CD<q)
) (. 5.1.5)

59
2.

Vsd R sd + R pd
Vsd


Rsd -
Rpd (
40% ).

1.10
1.0.

Rsd

R sd = N Fd tan d
R sd = A su 0.4 N Fd

A
su
Fd

3.

, (
Winkler) .

60
5.2.3.3

1. ( )

N Pd R Nd
d (
)
Rd
(

).

.

( 40mm ).

2.

VTd R Td

Vd
( )
Rd
VTd.

3.
(. 5.2.3.3.)

61
5.2.4.2

)
( ..)

25/40 314 / 10/20

n 3

25/60 316 / 10/15

n4

)
.

) ( )
Fd.

Fd = N m
=0.36 (max )
=0.60 ( , )
m=1500kN (150t, 200t
100t)

Fd = N m = 0.60 0.36.1500 = 324 kN

( ) 25/40 314 (S400) /.

62
 25/60 616 (S500),
520kN m=2400kN.

) (, )
!!

)
( ?).

)
( )
, ( ).

63
5.3

( 10m)
( 30m),
.

/

- :

1. ,
Mononobe-Okabe,
(
).

2.
aV=0.30 ( 0.20).

3.
(2/3) (/2) .

4.
h=0.40


( 0.40)

64

.

( K AE K A ) ,
Mononobe-Okabe
( ah, v) .

(k>40m/day)
.
.

65
5.4 -

1) ()
:

h = = 0.50 ( ) v = 0.50 = 0.25

+
=
2

2) (<15.0m)

:

=0.50
=.()
( ())

()=2.5, :

= 0.5 2.50 = 1.25

?? :

+
h = = v = 0.25
2

+ 0.5 + 2.5 0.5

h = = = 0.875
2 2

66


h=0.875

3) , IV

/ .
.

.

>50.

<50 ?

(?) >50
8 11.

67


1) ( -
)
, ( ?)
.

2) 6
1 2 (
4000m3)
.

:

R Fd
q = = = ( 2 i ) E
A

(B 2e B ) (L 2e L )
eB eL L

i V, :
1 .4
V
i = 1
N
( ?) .

68