PROFIBUS

Design and

Good Practices
Agenda
PROFIBUS
Family
Introduction
Communication
Medias
PROFIBUS-DP
Topologies
Cable length
Devices Rules
PROFIBUS-PA
Installation
Rules Installations and Best practise
Troubleshooting
Training
 PROFIBUS Family
3

ERP
Agenda MES
PROFIBUS Ethernet
Family DCS backbone
Communication
Medias
Topologies
Cable length
Devices Rules
Installation
Rules
Troubleshooting
Training 1
2
3
4 PROFIBUS PA
5
PROFIBUS DP
1
6 31 2
7 8
3
4 PROFIBUS PA
PA coupler
5
PA link
6 31
7 8
Author / Title of the presentation
 PROFIBUS-DP/PA

Specification by 13 industrial firms and 5 university

Agenda
PROFIBUS
institutes
Family 1988 German DIN Standard 19245
Communication 1996 European Fieldbus Standard EN 50170
Medias
Topologies 2000 International Standard IEC 61158
Cable length
Devices Rules
Installation Profile PROFIBUS-DP
Rules IEC 61158 communication
(high speed)
Troubleshooting
RS485 physic or fiber optic
Training max. 12 MBaud

IEC 61158 communication

Profile PROFIBUS-PA
IEC 61158-2 physic
current supply 31,25 KBaud
over bus
 PROFIBUS - Transmission Technologies

Controller
Per PROFIBUS DP Master
Agenda system max. 125 DP slaves
> 10km
PROFIBUS
Family FO OLMs (Optical Link Module)
Communication
RS485 Fiber optic RS485 for wide distances with high
Medias EMC stability
PROFIBUS DP

Topologies Repeater Electrical networks can be

1,200 m
Cable length extended by means of
Devices Rules repeaters (segments)
Installation max. 32 DP slaves per
Rules
Coupler RS485iS segment
Troubleshooting
RS485iS couplers for
Training RS485iS
DP/PA intrinsically safe PROFIBUS
1.000 m DP in EX areas
1.900 m 1.000 m
Non-Ex
PROFIBUS PA for direct
connection of field devices
with power supply via bus

PROFIBUS PA (MBP IS)

 PROFIBUS - Functional levels

Functional
Agenda Levels

PROFIBUS
Family DP-V2 extension:
Peer Slave Communication (Publisher / Subscriber)
Communication Isochron Mode (Equidistance)
Medias Clock Synchronization & Time Stamps
HARTon DP
Topologies PROFIdrive
Cable length Redundancy

Devices Rules DP-V1 extension:

Acyclic Data Exchange between PC or PLC and Slave Devices

field decice
Installation Integration within Engineering: EDD and FDT
Rules Portable PLC Software Function Blocks (IEC 61131-3)
Fail-Safe Communication (PROFIsafe)
Troubleshooting Alarms

Training Cyclic Data Exchange between PLC and Slave Devices

GSD Configuration
> 90%
Diagnosis

DP-V0 Time
 PROFIBUS - Master - Slave

Master (class 1) Master (class 2)

Agenda
PROFIBUS
Central control Engineering tool for commis-
Family Cyclical data exchange with sioning and parameter
Communication the slaves settings of the slaves
Medias
Topologies
Acyclical data exchange Acyclical data exchange with
Cable length with the slaves the slaves
Devices Rules Active with a high priority Active with a low priority
Installation
Rules
Troubleshooting
SPS
Training
Master (class 1) Master (class 2)

PROFIBUS

Bus slaves (passive)

 PROFIBUS DP/PA - Deterministic communication

Deterministic communication according Master/Slave principle:

Agenda
PROFIBUS Parameterized time behaviour of the bus and defined reaction
Family
times of the slaves are permanently guaranteed!
Communication
Medias
Master class 1 Master class 2
Topologies cyclic acyclic
acyclic cyclic

Cable length
1 2 3 1
Devices Rules
Installation t
Rules Read measured values, Read/write parameters
Troubleshooting write manipulated and measured values of
2 variables a slave
Training 1
PROFIBUS DP

PROFIBUS PA

Slave 1 Slave 2
 Configuration of the bus (GSD file)

Agenda
Bus master (Class 1 Master) needs the technical data of the
PROFIBUS
Family attached field device.
Communication The GSD file describes the general and device specific
Medias communication characteristic of a PROFIBUS device: sheet
Topologies Supported transmission rates
Cable length Length of the transferred I/O data
Devices Rules Type of the field device (compact slave, modular slave)
Installation
Rules ur ation
g
s - C onfi PROFIBUS
Troubleshooting Bu Configurator
Training
SPS

PROFIBUS
Agenda
PROFIBUS
Family
Introduction
Communication
Medias
PROFIBUS-DP
Topologies
Cable length
Devices Rules
PROFIBUS-PA
Installation
Rules Installations and Best practise
Troubleshooting
Training
 PROFIBUS Family - Principle
11

To create hierarchy in the network, PROFIBUS defines 2

Agenda types of stations: active (masters) and passive (slaves).
PROFIBUS
Family
Communication
master
Medias
0 1 0 1 0 commands slave
Topologies
Cable length
responses 0 1 0 1 0
Devices Rules
Installation
Rules
network
Troubleshooting
Training

At least 1 master is mandatory.

PROFIBUS networks allow multiple masters.
In total 127 stations can be addressed (masters +
slaves).
 Communication Medias
12

PROFIBUS Supports 3 transmission media

Agenda
PROFIBUS RS 485
Family 2-wire CU-cable for
Communication general purposes Fiber Optic
Medias Highest EMC protection
Topologies
and wide distances
Cable length
Devices Rules
Installation
Rules Coupler Coupler

Troubleshooting MBP-IS
2-wire CU-cable with the option for
Training Fiber optic cable
power over the bus and Ex-protection
 Total Overview of the Technology
13

Agenda
PROFIBUS

Systems
Identification Systems

Dosage
& Dosage
Family
Communication

Devices

PROFIdrive
PA Devices

PROFIdrive
PA
for PA
App.

V3.0

Encoder
and V3.0

Encoder
Medias Profiles II

SEMI
SEMI

Identification

Technologies
Weighing &
RIO for

V2.0 and
Topologies

Weighing

Integration
RIO

V2.0
PA

Cable length
Devices Rules
Installation
Rules
App. Common
Common Application
Application Profiles
Profiles (optional):
(optional):
Troubleshooting PROFIsafe,
Profiles I PROFIsafe, Time
Time Stamp,
Stamp, Redundancy,
Redundancy, etc.
etc.
Training

Configurators)
Tools (DTM, Configurators)
EDD)
(GSD, EDD)
IEC
61158/61784
Comm.
PROFIBUS DP

Descriptions (GSD,
FDL + DP-
V0...V2

(DTM,
Descriptions
Physical Fiber
Fiber Glass
Glass Multi
Multi Mode
Mode MBP
MBP Manchester
Manchester BusBus Powered
Powered

Tools
RS
RS 485
485 NRZ
NRZ Optics:
Optics: Glass
Glass Single
Single Mode MBP-LP
MBP-LP Low
LowPower
Layer RS
RS 485-IS
485-IS Intrinsic
Intrinsic Safety
Safety
Mode
MBP-IS
Power
PCF
PCF // Plastic
Plastic Fiber
Fiber MBP-IS Intrinsic
Intrinsic Safety
Safety
 PROFIBUS DP Topologies - General
14

PROFIBUS communicates over a two wire bus structure.

Agenda sending
PROFIBUS
listen,
taking over and listen
Family answering
Communication
Medias
Topologies 9 0 1 0 1 0
1 117
Cable length T T
Devices Rules 43
5
Installation
Rules
Troubleshooting
listen listen
Training
Devices are addressed through a network address (0..126).
Devices are coupled in parallel to the bus.
Devices can be hot swapped and position does not matter.
Each segment is terminated at both end with an active termination
Spurs should be avoided as length is very limited
 PROFIBUS DP Topologies - Repeaters
15

Single Repeaters PROFIBUS Hubs

Agenda
PROFIBUS
Family
Communication
Stations
Segment 1

Medias
Topologies
Cable length
Devices Rules
Installation Backbone
Rules
Troubleshooting
Stations
Segment 2

Training Segment 1 Segment 2

Benefit: Isolate part of your network from EMC/Noise

 PROFIBUS DP Topologies Fiber Optic
16

Classic Topology Ring Topology

Agenda
PROFIBUS
Family
Communication Fiber optic
Medias cable
Coupler Coupler
Topologies
Cable length
Devices Rules Coupler Coupler

Installation
Rules
Fiber optic cable
Troubleshooting
Training Coupler Coupler

Benefits: Long distances and EMC/Noise isolation

 PROFIBUS DP Topologies - Wireless
17

Connect your slaves through wireless couplers

Agenda
PROFIBUS
Family
Communication
Medias
Wireless
Topologies gateway
Cable length
Devices Rules
Installation
Rules
Troubleshooting
Wireless Wireless
Training gateway gateway

Wireless
gateway

Segment Wireless DP Wireless PN

Device Device
 PROFIBUS DP Topologies - Redundancy
18

Agenda
PROFIBUS
Family
Communication
Medias
RS 485 RS 485 RS 485
Topologies
Cable length
coupler coupler
Devices Rules
Installation RS 485
Rules
Troubleshooting RS 485
glasvezel
Training coupler coupler
glasvezel

RS 485 RS 485

1.0
 Transmission speed (baudrate)
19

PROFIBUS offers the user the possibility to choose

Agenda from 10 transmission speeds (RS 485).
PROFIBUS
Family
Communication 9,6
Medias
9,6 19,2
19,2 45,45
45,45 93,75
93,75 187,5
187,5 500
500 1500
1500 3000
3000 6000
6000 12000
12000 kbps
kbps
Topologies
Cable length
Remarks:
Devices Rules
The transmission speed determines the maximum cable
Installation
Rules
length and vice versa.
Troubleshooting The transmission speed has to be set identically at all the
Training masters on the same bus.
Most slaves detect the baudrate automatically.
Because of economic and technical reasons some
products do not support all transmission speeds.
Some older products do not support 45,45 kbps.

2.1
 PROFIBUS DP Cable Length
20

Baudrate vs Cable Length

Agenda
PROFIBUS Baudrate 9.6 19.2 45.45 93.75 187.5 500 1500 3000 6000 12000
Family (kbit/s)

Communication Segment length 1200 1200 1200 1200 1000 400 200 100 100 100
Medias (m)
Topologies Segment length 3940 3940 3940 3940 3280 1310 656 328 328 328
Cable length (feet)

Devices Rules
Installation
Rules
33 baudrate
baudrate transitions
transitions in
in which
which the
the cable
cable
Troubleshooting
length
length reduces
reduces with
with more
more than
than 50
50 %.
%.
Training

These lengths are defined for 1 segment with

32 bus loads!

2.1
 Device Rules - Network
21

PROFIBUS Address Map

Agenda
PROFIBUS
0 Service-, diagnosis- and programming tool
Family
1..2 Masters (class 1)
Communication
Medias
3..125 Slaves (total 123 or 124)
Topologies
Cable length 126 Address for: Set Slave Address
Devices Rules
127 Broadcast address
Installation
Rules
Troubleshooting
Training Most configuration tools block address 0 and 126 for slaves.
Address 126 is a default address for slaves with software
address settings.
Address 127 is a broadcast address (only visible with a
busmonitor).
Maximum 124 DP slaves per bus!!!!!!!

2.0
 Device Rules - DP Segments
22

Maximum 32 loads per RS485 segments

Agenda
PROFIBUS Max 30 Stations Max 31 Stations
Family
Communication
Medias
Topologies
Cable length
Devices Rules
Segment 1 Segment 2
Installation
Rules
Troubleshooting
Training
Devices that generate new segments:
Repeaters
Fiber Optic Couplers
Wireless gateways

After these devices, PROFIBUS segment

rules are the same.
Agenda
PROFIBUS
Family
Introduction
Communication
Medias
PROFIBUS-DP
Topologies
Cable length
Devices Rules
PROFIBUS-PA
Installation
Rules Installations and Best practise
Troubleshooting
Training
 PROFIBUS-PA Network layout

Controller Layer Model

Agenda
(Master) (ISO Standard since 1983)
PROFIBUS
Family 7 Application
Communication DPV0 .. 2
Remote IO
Medias
Topologies
6 Presentation
PROFIBUS DP

Cable length

PROFIBUS PA
Devices Rules 5 Session
Installation
Rules IEC 61158-2
Manchester Bus Powered 4 Transport
Troubleshooting (MPB)
Training I
Link 1 0 1 1
IB + 9mA 3 Network
IB

IB - 9mA 2 Data Link

t
FDL
1 Physical
Gert MBP
 PROFIBUS PA Topologies - Overview
25

Agenda
PROFIBUS
Family
Communication
Medias + x
Topologies DCS/PLC
Cable length
Devices Rules
Installation PROFIBUS DP
Rules
Troubleshooting Junction Box
DP/PA-Link
Training
Segment
24 V
PROFIBUS PA
T
 PROFIBUS PA Topologies - Redundancy
26

Coupler Redundancy

PROFIBUS DP
Agenda
Coupler-Redundancy
PROFIBUS M DP/PA-coupler,
Family redundant (M = master)

Communication
Medias IM 153, redundant AFS
Active Field Splitter

Topologies
PROFIBUS PA
Cable length Bus termination

Devices Rules Automatic bus termination

Installation PA Ring Redundancy

Rules
PROFIBUS DP

Troubleshooting Coupler-Redundancy
M DP/PA-coupler,
M Media redundancy based on a ring topology
Training redundant (M = Master)
Active Field Distributor
AFD AFD
IM 153, redundant

PROFIBUS PA
AFD AFD
 Higher availability with Redundancy

Agenda
PROFIBUS DP/PA Link
Family
M Field Device Coupler,
Communication redundant (M = master)
Medias
Topologies
Cable length PROFIBUS PA
Devices Rules
Short-circuit or
Installation wire break on trunk line
Rules
Troubleshooting PA Junction Box Junction Box
Training

Automatic bus termination

 Automatic Termination

Automatic bus termination enables unique online changeability

Agenda
PROFIBUS Add new devices
Family
M Enhance line
Communication FF Link
Medias
Enhance ring
Bus termination
Topologies
Automatic bus termination
Cable length PROFIBUS PA
Devices Rules
Installation AFD AFD AFD AFD AFD
Rules
Troubleshooting
Training

There is no need to reserve spare ports of the AFDs !

Agenda
PROFIBUS
Family
Introduction
Communication
Medias
PROFIBUS-DP
Topologies
Cable length
Devices Rules
PROFIBUS-PA
Installation
Rules Installations and Best practise
Troubleshooting
Training
 Installation rules
30

Grounding & Shielding

Agenda PROFIBUS is digital communication, not 4-20mA
PROFIBUS Ground at both end
Family
Ungrounded shield has no effect
Communication
Medias
Topologies
Cable length
Devices Rules
Installation
Rules
Troubleshooting
Training
 Installation rules
31

Power Lines
Agenda Digital communication is sensitive to power lines
PROFIBUS Watch out for cable runs in trays
Family
Respect distances for air separation
Communication
Medias
Topologies
Cable length
Devices Rules
Installation
Rules
Troubleshooting
Training

Power line too close

Power line are removed

 Installation rules
32

Some examples with Power Lines

Agenda
PROFIBUS
Family
Communication
Medias
Topologies
Cable length
Devices Rules
Installation
Rules
Troubleshooting
Training
 Installation rules
33

Proper wiring and component selection

Agenda Wiring and cable termination is critical
PROFIBUS Wrong component selection leads to bad installation
Family
Take environment in account (humidity, sunlight)
Communication
Medias
Topologies
Cable length
Devices Rules
Installation
Rules
Troubleshooting
Training
 Troubleshooting
34

Recognizing bad installations

Agenda You cannot use the multimeter, this is digital comm.
PROFIBUS Specific tools are required
Family
Communication
Medias
Topologies
Cable length
Devices Rules
Installation
Oscilloscope
Rules Cable Tester
Troubleshooting Analyzer
Training
Find wiring errors such as short circuit
Identify missing termination and EMC
Capture error messages and find the source of your
system shutdown
Cost and time saving by using the right tools!
 Troubleshooting - Oscilloscope
35

Good signal
Agenda
PROFIBUS
Family
Communication
Medias
Topologies
Cable length
Devices Rules
Installation
Rules
Troubleshooting
Missing termination
Training
 Troubleshooting - Analyzer
36

Capture all PROFIBUS messages

Agenda Useful for random errors
PROFIBUS Shows underlying conditions
Family
Device diagnostic
Communication
Medias
Topologies
Cable length
Devices Rules
Installation
Rules
Troubleshooting
Training
 Training
37

Certified Training by PROFIBUS International

Agenda
PROFIBUS Benefits
Family
Avoid basic errors that cost time and money
Communication
Medias
Quality assurance for design and
Topologies
commissioning
Faster project delivery
Cable length
Better installation, longer operation
Devices Rules
Installation
Rules
Troubleshooting
Various courses available
Training
PROFIBUS Certified Engineer
PROFIBUS Certified PA Module
PROFIBUS Certified Installer
Certified by
PROFINET Certified Engineer
 38

The end

Thank you for listening