Diploma Programme

Mathematics SL formula booklet

For use during the course and in the examinations
First examinations 2014

Published March 2012

International Baccalaureate Organization 2012 5045
Mathematical studies SL: Formula booklet 1
Contents

Prior learning 2
Topics 3
Topic 1Algebra 3
Topic 2Functions and equations 4
Topic 3Circular functions and trigonometry 4
Topic 4Vectors 5
Topic 5Statistics and probability 5
Topic 6Calculus 6

Mathematics SL formula booklet 1

 Formulae

Prior learning

Area of a parallelogram A= b h

Area of a triangle 1
A
= (b h)
2

Area of a trapezium 1
A
= ( a + b) h
2

Area of a circle A = r 2

Circumference of a circle C = 2r

Volume of a pyramid 1
=V (area of base vertical height)
3

Volume of a cuboid (rectangular prism) V =l w h

Volume of a cylinder V = r 2 h

Area of the curved surface of a cylinder A= 2rh

Volume of a sphere 4 3
V= r
3

Volume of a cone 1 2
V= r h
3

Distance between two points ( x1 , y1 , z1 ) and d= ( x1 x2 ) 2 + ( y1 y2 ) 2 + ( z1 z2 ) 2

( x2 , y2 , z2 )

Coordinates of the midpoint of a line segment x1 + x2 y1 + y2 z1 + z2

with endpoints ( x1 , y1 , z1 ) and ( x2 , y2 , z2 ) ,,
2 2 2

Mathematics SL formula booklet 2

Topics

Topic 1Algebra
1.1 The nth term of an un = u1 + (n 1)d
arithmetic sequence
The sum of n terms of an n n
arithmetic sequence S n= (2u1 + (n 1)d )= (u1 + un )
2 2
The nth term of a un = u1r n 1
geometric sequence
The sum of n terms of a u1 (r n 1) u1 (1 r n )
=
finite geometric sequence S n = , r 1
r 1 1 r
The sum of an infinite u1
geometric sequence S = , r <1
1 r

1.2 Exponents and logarithms ax = b x = log a b

Laws of logarithms log c a + log c b = log c ab

a
log c a log c b = log c
b
log c a r = r log c a

Change of base log c a

log b a =
log c b

1.3 Binomial coefficient n n!

=
r r ! (n r )!
Binomial theorem n n
(a + b) n = a n + a n 1b + + a n r b r + + b n
1 r

Mathematics SL formula booklet 3

Topic 2Functions and equations
2.4 Axis of symmetry of b
graph of a quadratic ax 2 + bx + c axis of symmetry x =
f ( x) =
2a
function

2.6 Relationships between a x = e x ln a

logarithmic and log a a x= x= a loga x
exponential functions

2.7 Solutions of a quadratic b b 2 4ac

equation ax 2 + bx + c= 0 x= , a0
2a
Discriminant = b 2 4ac

Topic 3Circular functions and trigonometry

3.1 Length of an arc l =r

Area of a sector 1
A = r2
2

3.2 Trigonometric identity sin

tan =
cos

3.3 Pythagorean identity cos 2 + sin 2 =

1

Double angle formulae sin 2 = 2sin cos

cos 2 = cos 2 sin 2 = 2cos 2 1 = 1 2 sin 2

3.6 Cosine rule a 2 + b2 c2

c 2 = a 2 + b 2 2ab cos C ; cos C =
2ab
Sine rule a b c
= =
sin A sin B sin C
Area of a triangle 1
A = ab sin C
2

Mathematics SL formula booklet 4

Topic 4Vectors
4.1 Magnitude of a vector v = v12 + v2 2 + v32

4.2 Scalar product vw =v w cos

v w= v1w1 + v2 w2 + v3 w3

Angle between two vw

vectors cos =
v w

4.3 Vector equation of a line r = a + tb

Topic 5Statistics and probability

5.2 Mean of a set of data n

fx
i =1
i i
x= n

f
i =1
i

5.5 Probability of an event A n( A)

P( A) =
n(U )

Complementary events P( A) + P( A) =
1

5.6 Combined events P( A B )= P( A) + P( B ) P( A B )

Mutually exclusive events P( A B )= P( A) + P( B )

Conditional probability P(A B ) =

P(A) P(B | A)

Independent events P( A B ) =
P( A) P( B )

5.7 Expected value of a discrete E( X =

random variable X
) = x P( X=
x
x)

5.8 Binomial distribution n r nr

X ~ B(n, p ) P( X =
r) =
p (1 p ) , r =
0,1, , n
r

Mean E( X ) = np

Variance X ) np (1 p )
Var(=

5.9 Standardized normal x

variable z=

Mathematics SL formula booklet 5

Topic 6Calculus
6.1 Derivative of f ( x) dy f ( x + h) f ( x )
y = f ( x) = f ( x) = lim
dx h 0
h

6.2 Derivative of x n xn
f ( x) = f ( x) =
nx n 1

Derivative of sin x f ( x) =sin x f ( x) =cos x

Derivative of cos x f ( x) =
cos x f ( x) =
sin x

Derivative of tan x 1
f ( x) =tan x f ( x) =
cos 2 x

Derivative of e x ex
f ( x) = f ( x) =
ex

Derivative of ln x 1
f ( x) =ln x f ( x) =
x
Chain rule dy dy du
y = g (u ) , u =f ( x) =
dx du dx
Product rule dy dv du
y =uv =u + v
dx dx dx
Quotient rule du dv
v u
u dy
y= = dx 2 dx
v dx v

6.4 Standard integrals

x n +1
x=
n
dx + C , n 1
n +1

1
x dx =ln x + C , x>0

sin x dx =
cos x + C

cos x=
dx sin x + C

e
x
x ex + C
d=

6.5 Area under a curve b

between x = a and x = b A = y dx
a

Volume of revolution b
V = y 2 dx
about the x-axis from x = a a

to x = b

6.6 Total distance travelled t2

from t1 to t 2
distance =
t1
v(t ) dt

Mathematics SL formula booklet 6

Mathematics SL formula booklet 7