fib Model Code 2010

Punching of flat slabs:

Design example

Stefan Lips, Aurelio Muttoni, Miguel Fernndez Ruiz

Ecole Polytechnique Fdrale de Lausanne, Switzerland,
16.12.2011

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 1 Basic data
1.1 Geometry (dimensions in [m])
Plan view Section trough slab
and column

Spans: Lx = 6.00 m and Ly = 5.60 m Slab thickness h: 25 cm

Cover concrete c: 3 cm

1.2 Material
The material properties can be found in chapter 5 of model code 2010. Concrete C30 Steel B500S (flexural and transverse reinforcement)
fck 30 MPa fyd 435 MPa
c 1.5 Es 200 GPa
dg 32 mm Ductility class B

1.3 Loads
Self-weight of concrete slab: 6.25 kN/m2
Superimposed dead load: 2 kN/m2
Live load: 3 kN/m2
g d + qd = 1.35(6.25 + 2) + 1.5 3 = 15.6 kN/m 2

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 2 Level I of approximation (preliminary design)
Reaction forces
The goal of the preliminary design is to check if the dimensions of the
structure are reasonable with respect to the punching shear strength and if Inner (C5): Vd 692 kN
punching shear reinforcement is needed.
Corner (C1, C3): Vd 93 kN
Edge (C2): Vd 265 kN
The reaction forces in the columns are estimated by using contributive areas.
(C4 and C6 are not governing
Vd 244 kN)

Control perimeter
The effective depth dv is assumed to be 200 mm. Inner: b0 = ke ( 4 bc + d v ) = 0.90 ( 4 260 + 200 ) = 1501mm
Eccentricity coefficient (ke) are adopted from the commentary of 7.3.5.2
d 200
Corner: b0 = ke 2 bc + v = 0.65 2 260 + 4 = 440 mm
4

d 200
Edge: b0 = ke 3 bc + v = 0.70 3 260 + 2 = 766 mm
2

Inner column Corner Column Edge Column

(C5) (C1, C3) (C2, C4, C6)
ke=0.9 ke=0.65 ke=0.7

Rotations
According to the commentary, the distance to the point where the radial rs ,x = 0.22 Lx = 0.22 6.0 = 1.32 m rs , y = 0.22 Ly = 0.22 5.6 = 1.23m
moment is zero rs can be estimated based on the spans.
rs ,x f yd 1.32 435
By using the Level I approach, one can estimate the rotations. x = 1.5 = 1.5 = 0.0215 governing
d Es 0.200 200000

rs , y f yd 1.23 435
The maximum aggregate size of 32 mm leads to a factor kdg of y = 1.5 = 1.5 = 0.0200
d Es 0.200 200000
32 32
k dg = = = 0.67 < 0.75 k dg = 0.75 1 1
16 + d g 16 + 32 k = = = 0.227 0.6
1.5 + 0.9 d k dg 1.5 + 0.9 0.0215 200 0.75

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 Shear strength without shear reinforcement
f ck 30
Inner: V Rd ,c = k b0 d v = 0.227 1501 200 10 3 = 249 kN Vd = 692 kN
c 1.5

f ck 30
Corner: VRd ,c = k b0 d v = 0.227 440 200 10 3 = 73 kN Vd = 93 kN
c 1.5

f ck 30
Edge: V Rd ,c = k b0 d v = 0.227 766 200 10 3 = 127 kN Vd = 265 kN
c 1.5

The thickness of the slab has to be increased or the slab has to be shear
reinforced.

Shear reinforcement
To check if shear reinforcement and which system can be used, one can Vd 692
Inner: k sys = = 2.78
calculate the minimal needed value of factor ksys. VRd ,c 249
f ck Vd Vd Vd 93
VRd ,max = ksys k b0 d v Vd ksys = Corner: k sys = = 1.27
c f ck VRd ,c VRd ,c 73
k b0 d v
c
Vd 265
Edge: k sys = = 2.09
ksys depends on the performance of the used shear reinforcement system. The VRd ,c 127
model code proposes a value of ksys = 2.0 for system compliant with model
code detailing rules (7.13.5.3). Higher values (up to ksys = 2.8) can be used if
more restrictive detailing rules are adopted and if the placing of the transverse
reinforcement is checked at the construction site.
Conclusions
Inner column: Shear reinforcement is necessary and sufficient (accounting for
the values of ksys) to ensure punching shear strength
Corner columns: Shear reinforcement might probably not be necessary. This has
to be confirmed by a higher level of approximation.
Edge columns: Shear reinforcement might probably be necessary.

The thickness of the slab is sufficient if shear reinforcement is used.

Lips / Muttoni / Fernndez Ruiz / Ecole Polytechnique Fdrale de Lausanne, Switzerland 4

 3 Level II of approximation (typical design)
3.4 Structural analysis and flexural design
The moments and the reaction forces have been calculated with a finite Summary of the column reactions
element software. For the analysis, a linear-elastic model has been used. Column Rd [kN] Md,x, [kNm] Md,y [kNm] Md [kNm]
The moment Md is the vector addition of the moments in x- and y-direction. C1 111 25 22 33
Md = M 2
d ,x
+M 2
d ,y
C2 266 42 0 42
C3 112 25 22 33
C4 252 3 36 36
C5 664 8 1 8
C6 246 5 34 34
For a level II approximation, one has to know the flexural reinforcement. It Reinforcement sketch
was designed on the basis of the previous finite element analysis.

The flexural strength can be calculated according to the Model Code. In this Flexural strength
example, however, the flexural strength has been calculated assuming a rigid- 10 @200 mm mRd = 35 kNm/m d = 210 mm
plastic behavior of concrete and steel:
10 @100 mm mRd = 69 kNm/m d = 210 mm
f yd
mRd = d 2 f yd 1 10 @200 mm / 16 @200 mm mRd = 115 kNm/m d = 204 mm
2 f cd

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 3.5 Shear design inner column C5

Design shear force

The design shear force Vd is equal to the column dv 2 0.2042
Ac = bc2 + 2 bc d v + = 0.262 + 2 0.26 0.204 + = 0.21 m 2
reaction force Nd minus the applied load within the 4 4
control perimeter (gd + qd)Ac. Vd = N d ( g d + qd ) Ac = 664 15.6 0.21 = 661 kN

Control perimeter
In case of inner columns, the centroid of the column corresponds to the Md 8 106 4 4
centroid of the control perimeter. Therefore, eu = e = 0 = 12 mm bu = Ac = 206 103 = 513mm
Vd 661 103
e = 0
1 1
ke = = = 0.98
1 + eu bu 1 + 12 513

b0 = ke b1 = ke ( 4 bc + d v ) = 0.98 ( 4 260 + 204 ) = 1642 mm

Rotations
The distances rs,x and rs,y are the same as for the Level I approximation. rs ,x = 1.32 m rs , y = 1.23m
bs = 1.5 rs , x rs , y = 1.5 1.32 1.23 = 1.91m

Vd M d , x Vd ex 661 8
msd ,x = + = + = 85 kNm/m
8 2 bs 8 2 1.91
Vd M d , y Vd ey 661 1
msd , y = + = + = 83kNm/m
8 2 bs 8 2 1.91
1.5
r f m 1.5
1.32 435 85
x = 1.5 s ,x yd sd = 1.5 = 0.0133 governing
d Es mRd , x 0.204 200000 115
1.5
r f m 1.5
1.23 435 83
y = 1.5 s , y yd sd = 1.5 = 0.0121
d Es mRd , y 0.204 200000 115

1 1
kdg is calculated at Level I. k = = = 0.300 0.6
1.5 + 0.9 d k dg 1.5 + 0.9 0.0133 204 0.75

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 Punching strength without shear reinforcement
The punching shear strength of the concrete is not sufficient. Consequently, f ck 30
shear reinforcement is necessary. V Rd ,c = k b0 d v = 0.300 1642 204 10 3 = 367 kN Vd = 661 kN
c 1.5

Punching strength with shear reinforcement

Firstly, one has to check if the design shear force Vd is smaller than the f ck
maximum punching strength VRd,max. This is done assuming ksys=2. VRd,max = k sysVRd ,c = 2 367 = 734 kN b0 d v = 1223 kN
c
The design shear force Vd is below the maximum punching strength VRd,max.
VRd,max = 734 kN Vd = 661kN
Therefore, the slab can be reinforced with shear reinforcement complying
with detailing rules defined in subclause 7.13.5.3.
E s f d 200000 0.0133 3 204
swd = 1 + bd = 1 +
6
f ywd w 6 435 8

The bond strength is taken as fbd = 3 MPa (according to MC 2010 for swd = 521 MPa > f ywd = 435 MPa
corrugated bars).
Asw =
Vd VRd ,c
=
(661 367 ) = 690 mm 2
k e swd sin 0.98 435 sin (90)
0.5 Vd 0.5 661
Asw,min = = = 779 mm 2 governing
k e swd sin 0.98 435 sin (90)

To avoid a failure outside the shear reinforced area, the outer perimeter need Vd 661 10 3
b0 = = = 3468 mm
to have a minimal length. The design shear force can be reduced to account f ck 30
for the loads applied inside the outer perimeter. This effect is neglected as a k d v ,out 0.300 174
c 1.5
safe estimate.
b0 3468 1 1
In this example, the calculating value of the effective depth dv is equal to the rout = = = 552 mm ke = = = 0.99
effective depth d minus the concrete cover c on the bottom surface of the 2 2 1 + eu 2rout 1 + 12 (2 552)
slab: d v ,out = d c = 204 30 = 174 mm b0 3468
bout = = = 3505 mm
Assuming a circular control perimeter for the estimation of the eccentricity, ke 0.99
factor ke can be estimated as detailed in the right hand side column.
sw = 8@100@100 = 0.50%
Possible shear reinforcement layout:
Asw = w 4 bc d v + d v2 4 bc 0.35d v ( 0.35d v )
2

Asw = 0.005 4 260 204 + 2042 4 260 0.35 204 ( 0.35 204 )
2

Asw = 1263mm > 774 mm
2 2

bout = 4 800 + 174 = 3746 mm > 3505 mm

Lips / Muttoni / Fernndez Ruiz / Ecole Polytechnique Fdrale de Lausanne, Switzerland 7

 3.6 Shear design corner column C1 and C3

Design shear force

The design shear force Vd is equal to the column reaction dv dv 2 0.2102
Ac = bc2 + 2 bc + = 0.262 + 0.26 0.210 + = 0.13 m2
force Nd minus the applied load within the control perimeter 2 16 16
(gd + qd)Ac.
Vd = N d ( g d + qd ) Ac = 112 15.6 0.13 = 110 kN

Control perimeter
3 d bc 1 3 1 3 1 3
ex = ey = bc + v 2 = 4 bc + 2 d v ex = ey = bc + d v = 260 + 210 = 144 mm
4 2 4 2 4 2

e = ex 2 = 144 2 = 203mm

Md 33 106 4 4
eu = e = 203 = 97 mm bu = Ac = 131 103 = 408mm
Vd 110 103

1 1
ke = = = 0.81
1 + eu bu 1 + 97 408

d
b0 = ke b1 = ke 2 bc + v = 0.81 2 260 + 210 = 554 mm
4 4

Rotations
The distances rs,x and rs,y are the same as for the Level I rs ,x = 1.32 m rs , y = 1.23m
approximation. bs = 1.5 rs , x rs , y = 1.5 1.32 1.23 = 1.91m
In case of corner columns, the width of the support strip
may be limited by the distance bsr. bsr = 2 bc = 2 0.26 = 0.52 m governing

Vd M d , x Vd ex 110 25 110 0.144 V 110

msd ,x = + = + = 31kN < d = = 55 kN
8 bs 8 0.52 2 2

Vd M d , y Vd ey 110 22 110 0.144 V 110

msd , y = + = + = 25 kN < d = = 55 kN
8 bs 8 0.52 2 2
1.5
r f m 1.5
1.32 435 55
x = 1.5 s ,x yd sd ,x = 1.5 = 0.0146 governing
d Es mRd , x 0.21 200000 69

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 1.5
r f m 1.5
1.23 435 55
y = 1.5 s , y yd sd , y = 1.5 = 0.0136
d Es mRd , y 0.21 200000 69

1 1
k = = = 0.280 0.6
kdg is calculated at Level I. 1.5 + 0.9 d k dg 1.5 + 0.9 0.0146 210 0.75

Punching strength without shear reinforcement

The punching shear strength of the concrete is sufficient. Thus, no shear f ck 30
reinforcement will be necessary VRd ,c = k b0 d v = 0.280 554 210 10 3 = 119 kN > Vd = 110 kN
c 1.5

Integrity reinforcement
Since no shear reinforcement has been used and msd < mRd, integrity Vd ,acc 71 103
As = = = 442 mm 2
reinforcement needs to be provided. f yd ( f t f y )k sin ult 435 1.08 sin (20)
For the design of the integrity reinforcement, the accidental load case can be
used. Thus, the design load can be reduced. f ck 30
Vd ,acc bint d res = 464 168 = 285 kN
c 1.5
(g d
+ qd )acc = 1.0(6.25 + 2) + 0.6 3 = 10.1kN/m 2
2x2 12 As = 452 mm2 (2 in each direction with a spacing of 100 mm)
(g + qd )acc 10.1
Vd ,acc = Vd = 110 = 71kN
d

g d + qd 15.6
d res = h 2 c top bottom = 250 2 30 10 12 = 168 mm
The material properties can be found in chapter 5 of model code 2010.
Ductility class B : (ft/fy)k = 1.08
bint = 2 sint + d res = 2 100 + 168 = 464 mm
2 2
It is assumed that only straight bars will be used, thus ult = 20.
int = 12 mm 0.12d res = 0.12 168 = 20 mm
With respect to integrity reinforcement, two restrictions should be fulfilled:
-the integrity reinforcement should at least be composed of four bars
-the diameter of the integrity bars int has to be chosen such that
int 0.12 dres

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 3.7 Shear design edge column C2

Design shear force

The design shear force Vd is equal to the column reaction dv dv 2 3 0.212
Ac = bc2 + 3 bc + = 0.262 + 0.26 0.21 + = 0.17 m 2
force Nd minus the applied load within the control perimeter 2 8 2 8
(gd + qd)Ac.
Vd = N d ( g d + qd ) Ac = 266 15.6 0.17 = 263 kN

Control perimeter
1 2bc2 + 6bc d v + 3d v2 1 2 2602 + 6 260 210 + 3 2102
ex = = = 124 mm
1 4 3bc + 2d v 4 3 260 + 2 210
+ d v ) bc + v + 2 bc + v bc + v
d d d
(b 2 2 2 b
2 c
c

ex = ey = 0 mm e = ex = 124 mm
( bc + dv ) + 2 bc + dv 2 2
Md 42 106 4 4
eu = e = 124 = 35 mm bu = Ac = 167 103 = 461mm
1 2b + 6bc d v + 3d v
2 2
Vd 263 103
ex = c
4 3bc + 2d v
1 1
ke = = = 0.93
1 + eu bu 1 + 35 461

d
b0 = ke b1 = ke 3 bc + v = 0.93 3 260 + 210 2 = 1031mm
2

Rotations
The distances rs,x and rs,y are the same as for the Level I approximation. rs ,x = 1.32 m rs , y = 1.23m
In case of edge columns, the width of the support strip may be limited by the bs = 1.5 rs , x rs , y = 1.5 1.32 1.23 = 1.91m
distance bsr.
bsr ,x = 3 bc = 3 0.26 = 0.78 m governing

bc bs 0.260 1.91
bsr , y = + = + = 1.09 m governing
2 2 2 2
Vd M d ,x Vd ex 263 42 263 0.124
msd ,x = + = + = 45 kN
8 bs 8 0.78

Vd M d , y Vd ey 263 0 V 263
msd , y = + = + = 33kN < d = = 66 kN
8 2 bs 8 2 1.09 4 4

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 1.5
r f m 1.5
1.32 435 45
x = 1.5 s ,x yd sd ,x = 1.5 = 0.011
d Es mRd , x 0.21 200000 69
1.5
r f m 1.5
1.23 435 66
y = 1.5 s , y yd sd , y = 1.5 = 0.018 governing
d Es mRd , y 0.21 200000 69

1 1
kdg is calculated at Level I. k = = = 0.247 0.6
1.5 + 0.9 d k dg 1.5 + 0.9 0.018 210 0.75

Punching strength without shear reinforcement

The punching shear strength of the concrete is not sufficient. Since the f ck 30
strength seems to be rather close to the design load, a level III approximation VRd ,c = k b0 d v = 0.247 1031 210 10 3 = 195 kN < Vd = 263 kN
c 1.5
will be performed.

Lips / Muttoni / Fernndez Ruiz / Ecole Polytechnique Fdrale de Lausanne, Switzerland 11

 4 Level III of approximation (detailed design or assessment
of existing structure)
The Level III calculations are based on the results of the linear-elastic finite rs ,x = 0.64 m rs , y = 1.18 m
element analysis.
bs = 1.5 rs , x rs , y = 1.5 0.64 1.18 = 1.30 m

From the results of the flexural analysis, one my=0 bsr ,x = 3 bc = 3 0.26 = 0.78 m
can obtain the distance between the center of mx=0

the column and the point, at which the bending rsy=1.18 m bc bs 0.26 1.30
bsr , y = + = + = 0.78 m
moments are zero. 2 2 2 2
msd , x = 24 kNm/m msd , y = 43kNm/m (average value on support strip)
rsx=0.64 m
The average moment in the support strip can
be obtained by the integration of the moments
2 2
at the strip section. rs ,x = 0.64m > bsr ,x = 0.52 m rs , y = 1.18 m > bsr , y = 0.52 m
3 3
Since the flexural moments md,x and md,y at the y msd,y [kNm/m]
-56.0-54.7-53.8 -48.9 1.5
support regions are negative, the absolute r f m 1.5
-32.9 -51.9 -42.0
0.64 435 24
x = 1.2 s ,x yd sd
-17.3 -36.8
= 1.2 = 0.0016
bsr,x
2 -31.0 -30.4
value of the twisting moment md,x need to be -35.1
-20.7 0
d Es mRd ,x 0.21 200000 69

x
-11.8 msd,x [kNm/m] bs,y

subtracted so that the absolute value of msd,x -11.0

-17.4
-29.6
-34.1
and msd,y will be maximized.
-bsr,x
-25.7 1.5
rs , y f yd msd
2 1.5
1.18 435 43
msd ,x = md ,x md , xy y = 1.2 = 1.2 = 0.0073 governing
d Es mRd , y 0.21 200000 69
msd , y = md , y md ,xy 1 1
k = = = 0.395 0.6
1.5 + 0.9 d k dg 1.5 + 0.9 0.0073 210 0.75

The punching shear strength of the concrete is sufficient. Thus, no shear f ck 30

reinforcement will be necessary VRd ,c = k b0 d v = 0.395 1031 210 10 3 = 312kN > Vd = 263 kN
c 1.5

Integrity reinforcement
Since no shear reinforcement has been used and msd < mRd, integrity Vd ,acc 171 103
As = = = 1064 mm 2
reinforcement needs to be provided to prevent a progressive collapse of the f yd ( f t f y )k sin ult 435 1.08 sin (20)
structure.
For the design of the integrity reinforcement, the accidental load case can be f ck 30
Vd ,accs bint d res = 861 166 = 522 kN
used. Thus the design load can be reduced. c 1.5

(g d
+ qd )acc = 1.0(6.25 + 2) + 0.6 3 = 10.1kN/m 2 3x3 14 As = 1385 mm2 (3 in each direction with a spacing of 100 mm)
(g + qd )acc 10.1
Vd ,acc = Vd = 263 = 171kN
d

g d + qd 15.6 d res = h 2 c top bottom = 250 2 30 10 14 = 166 mm

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The material properties can be found in chapter 5 of model code 2010.
bint = 3 sint + d res = 3 200 + 166 = 861 mm
Ductility class B : (ft/fy)k = 1.08 2 2

It is assumed that only straight bars will be used, thus ult = 20. int = 14 mm 0.12d res = 0.12 166 = 20 mm

With respect to integrity reinforcement, two restrictions should be fulfilled:

-the integrity reinforcement should at least be composed of four bars
-the diameter of the integrity bars int has to be chosen such that
int 0.12dres

Corners of walls should be checked following the same methodology.

Acknowledgements:
The authors are very appreciative of the contributions of Dr. Juan Sagaseta
Albajar and Dr. Luca Tassinari
The authors would also like to thank Carsten Siburg (RWTH Aachen,
Germany) for the independent check of the example he performed.

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