4 CHUYÊN ĐỀ HÓA ĐẠI CƯƠNG VÀ VÔ CƠ 12 PDF

Bin son : Thy Nguyn Minh Tun Trng THPT chuyn Hng Vng Ph Th; T 01223 367 990
MC LC
Trang
Li gii thiu 2
Phn 1: Gii thiu 4 chuyn

ha i cng v v c 12 11
Chuyn 1 : i cng v kim loi 11
Chuyn 2 : Kim loi kim, kim loi kim th,

nhm 82
Chuyn 3 : Crom, st, ng, niken, ch, km,

vng, bc, thic 210
Chuyn 4 : Phn bit mt s cht v c,

chun dung dch, ha hc v vn
pht trin kinh t, x hi, mi trng 296
Phn 2 : p n 318
Trn bc ng thnh cng khng c du chn ca k li bing 1

Li gii thiu
T gii thiu
H v tn : Nguyn Minh Tun
Gii tnh : Nam
Ngy, thng, nm sinh : 31 05 1980
Trnh vn ha : 12/12
Trnh chuyn mn : C nhn Sinh Ha
Tt nghip HSP H Ni 2 thng 06 2002
Hin l gio vin ging dy b mn ha hc
Ngy vo ngnh : 31 12 2002
Ngy vo ng : 29 12 2009
Ngy vo ng chnh thc : 29 12 2010
i ch nh ring :
S nh 16 T 9A Khu 5 Phng Gia Cm Vit Tr Ph Th
S in thoi : 01689 186 513
a ch email : nguyenminhtuanchv@yahoo.com.vn
a ch facebook: nguyn minh tun (Vit Tr) -
http://www.facebook.com/nguyen.minhtuan.1650?sk=wall
Cc trng tng cng tc :
Trng THPT Phng X (t thng 09 2002 n 04 2003)
Trng THPT Xun ng (t thng 04 2003 n 08 2007)
Trng THPT Chuyn Hng Vng (t thng 09 2007 n nay)
2 Trn bc ng thnh cng khng c du chn ca k li bing

B ti liu n thi i hc, cao ng mn ha hc

B ti liu trc nghim n thi i hc, cao ng mn ha hc do thy bin son gm 12 quyn :
Quyn 1 : Gii thiu 7 chuyn ha hc 10
Quyn 2 : Gii thiu 3 chuyn ha hc i cng v v c 11
Quyn 3 : Gii thiu 6 chuyn ha hc hu c 11
Quyn 4 : Gii thiu 4 chuyn ha hc hu c 12
Quyn 5 : Gii thiu 4 chuyn ha hc i cng v v c 12
Quyn 6 : Gii thiu 11 phng php gii nhanh bi tp ha hc
Quyn 7 : Gii thiu 40 luyn thi trc nghim mn ha hc
Quyn 8 : Hng dn gii 7 chuyn ha hc 10
Quyn 9 : Hng dn gii 3 chuyn ha hc i cng v v c 11
Quyn 10 : Hng dn gii 6 chuyn ha hc hu c 11
Quyn 11 : Hng dn gii 4 chuyn ha hc hu c 12
Quyn 12 : Hng dn gii 4 chuyn ha hc i cng v v c 12

Nhng iu thy mun ni :
iu th nht thy mun ni vi cc em rng : la tui ca cc em, khng

c vic g l quan trng hn vic hc tp. Hy c gng ln cc em nh, tng lai ca
cc em ph thuc vo cc em y.
iu th hai thy mun ni rng : Nu cc em c mt c m trong sng th

ng v nhng kh khn trc mt m t b n. Thy tng cc em cu chuyn di
y (do thy su tm), hi vng cc em s hiu c gi tr ca c m.
i bng v G
Ngy xa, c mt ngn ni ln, bn sn ni c mt t chim i bng. Trong t c bn qu
trng ln. Mt trn ng t xy ra lm rung chuyn ngn ni, mt qu trng i bng ln xung v
ri vo mt tri g di chn ni. Mt con g mi tnh nguyn p qu trng ln y.
Mt ngy kia, trng n ra mt ch i bng con xinh p, nhng bun thay ch chim nh c
nui ln nh mt con g. Chng bao lu sau, i bng cng tin n ch l mt con g khng hn
khng km. i bng yu gia nh v ngi nh ang sng, nhng tm hn n vn khao kht mt
iu g cao xa hn. Cho n mt ngy, trong khi ang chi a trong sn, i bng nhn ln tri
v thy nhng ch chim i bng ang si cnh bay cao gia bu tri.
" - i bng ku ln - c g ti c th bay nh nhng con chim ".
By g ci m ln: "Anh khng th bay vi nhng con chim c. Anh l mt con g v g

khng bit bay cao".
i bng tip tc ngc nhn gia nh tht s ca n, m c c th bay cao cng h. Mi ln

i bng ni ra m c ca mnh, by g li bo n iu khng th xy ra. l iu i bng cui
cng tin l tht. Ri i bng khng m c na v tip tc sng nh mt con g. Cui cng, sau
mt thi gian di sng lm g, i bng cht.
Trong cuc sng cng vy: Nu bn tin rng bn l mt ngi tm thng, bn

s sng mt cuc sng tm thng v v, ng nh nhng g mnh tin. Vy th, nu
bn tng m c tr thnh i bng, bn hy eo ui c m ... v ng sng
nh mt con g!

Chng trnh n thi i hc cao ng mn ha hc
Mn ha hc lp 10
Chuyn s Tn chuyn S bui hc

n tp ha hc 9 05
01 Nguyn t 06
02 Bng tun hon cc nguyn t ha hc v nh lut tun hon 05
03 Lin kt ha hc 05
04 Phn ng ha hc 10
05 Nhm halogen 07
06 Nhm oxi 07
07 Tc phn ng ha hc v cn bng ha hc 05
50 bui
Mn ha hc lp 11

01 S in li 06
02 Nhm nit 06
03 Nhm cacbon 03
04 i cng ha hu c 06
05 Hirocacbon no 05
06 Hirocacbon khng no 10
07 Hirocacbon thm 04
08 Dn xut halogen. Ancol Phenol 10
09 Anehit Xeton Axit cacboxylic 10
60 bui

Mn ha hc lp 12

01 Este Lipit 07
02 Cacbohirat 03
03 Amin Amino axit Protein 07
04 Polime Vt liu polime 03
05 i cng v kim loi 07
06 Kim loi kim Kim loi kim th Nhm 10
07 Crom, st, ng v mt s kim loi khc 10
08 Phn bit mt s cht v c. Ha hc v vn pht trin 05
kinh t, x hi v mi trng
52 bui
Phng php gii nhanh bi tp ha hc

01 Phng php ng cho 02
02 Phng php t chn lng cht 02
03 Phng php bo ton nguyn t 02
04 Phng php bo ton khi lng 02
05 Phng php tng gim khi lng, s mol, th tch kh 02
06 Phng php bo ton electron 02
07 Phng php quy i 02
08 Phng php s dng phng trnh ion rt gn 02
09 Phng php bo ton in tch 02
10 Phng php s dng cc gi tr trung bnh 02
20 bui
luyn thi trc nghim mn ha hc
Mi bui hc cha 02 , 40 cha trong 20 bui.


Nhng nghch l ny ang din ra hng ngy xung quanh bn
Bn c phi l ngi yu qu v quan tm n sc khe ca bn thn v ngi thn ca mnh hay

khng? Bn c thy xung quanh v ngay trong bn thn chng ta y ry nhng nghch l m ta
ang sng chung v ht th nh khng kh vy?
Chng ta c nhiu tin hn xa, nhng sc khe km hn.
Cc hiu thuc v bnh vin nhiu hn, nhng chng ta vn khng khe, m cng phi n nhng
ni thng xuyn hn.
Chng ta thy nhiu cng trnh p hn, nhng cc bnh vin th cng qu ti v tr thnh ni
m nh khng khip hn.
Con ci chng ta c chm sc nhiu hn, nhng chng d b m v km thch nghi hn.
Chng ta lo lng v chun b rt nhiu iu cho tng lai xa xi n nhng th nh nht hin ti,
nhng li rt t ch n iu quan trng nht l sc khe ca chng ta ngay by gi.
Chng ta th vi sc khe ca mnh, mc c th ca ta ln ting bo ng ht ln ny n ln
khc qua nhng triu chng v cn au, nhng i tra du v sa cha ngay cho chic xe khi n ku
ct kt.
Khi cn tr tin gi gn v nng cao sc khe, chng ta mc c vi chnh c th mnh tng ng,
nhng sn sng tr rt nhiu tin cho cc bc s v ch hiu thuc xa l mong ly li sc khe
mt.
Chng ta sn sng tr rt nhiu tin cho nhng tin nghi snh iu, hng hiu, c sn,... nhiu khi
ch tm ta c tha mn v hnh din vi ngi khc, m chng t hi xem iu c thc s
mang li sc khe, s minh mn cho tr c v bnh an cho tm hn mnh hay khng.
Chng ta khng tm hiu trn trng, yu qu v bo v c th ca mnh - mt b my v cng
tinh t v k diu ca t nhin qua hng triu nm tin ha, m tin tng v ph thc hon ton
vo nhng ngi c danh hiu bc s, thc s, tin s, trng khoa, m kin thc ca h mi ch
nh a tr trc s b n k diu v v i ca s sng.
Bn c nhn thy iu ny khng?
Nu l ti sn qu gi, tin bc th ta gi trong kt bo mt trong ngi nh ca ta, hoc nhng ni
an ton nht.
Cn sc khe c th - ni tr ng ca linh hn, th ta trao vo tay v ph thc cho nhng "nh
chuyn mn v y t": Bc s - Hiu thuc - Bnh vin,... Ta ph thc cho nhng hng kinh doanh
n nhanh, ru bia, nc ngt, nh hng, qun bia, cm bi,... V c nhng phng tin truyn
thng ch bit doanh s v li nhun, nhng lung gi d lun khen, ch, tt, xu m chng bit
thc s chng thi v u!
Tht au lng, c nhng ngi u m bn 1 qu thn ly 40 triu ng, liu c ngi tr gi
qu thn ca bn bao nhiu th bn s bn? 1 t, 2 t, hay 3 t? Nu tnh c c th l con ngi bn,
c phi bn ang s hu mt ti sn v gi m chng th no mua c, v cng chng ai c th
bn cho bn?
Chng ta sng st hoc th nghe tin nhng ngi quen b bnh nng sp t gi ci i, nhng
khng bao gi ngh mnh hoc ngi thn thit ca mnh cng c th nh vy.
Chng ta biu l v thng cm, an i, ng vin v biu qu cho nhng ngi au bnh, nhng
chng cm nhn v rt ra c iu g t ni au n m h ang phi chu. Chng ta mc nhin
v d dng chp nhn mt thc t l mnh chng gip g c, ngoi mt cht tin dnh tr cho
bc s v hiu thuc.

Chng ta ving m tang nhng ngi thn, ngi quen nh mt th tc phi lm, nhng khng
bao gi ngh n mnh v nhng ngi thn yu nht cng s l nhn vt chnh ca mt m tang,
vo mt ngy no . V quan trng hn l lm cch no trnh xa ci ngy khng mong mun
y?
Chng ta v t ht thuc l, ung ru bia, nhi nht nhng th c hi vo c th mnh, mc d
bit chng c hi. Chng ta coi ru bia l thc o ca sc khe v phong hnh din v t
ho, s v t bn cht ca tnh bng hu!
Chng ta t u c chnh tm tr mnh bng cch ho hng tm kim v nhi nht vo tm tr mnh
nhng tin gy sc, v n, t nn, nhng th m chnh chng ta cm ght, gin d
Nhiu ngi trong chng ta mua vui, gii tr t nhng vic lm m ta lun phi tm cch giu kn
trc nhng ngi m ta tn trng, hoc phi xu h vi lng tm ca mnh (nu cha t la di
mnh rng iu l ng n).
Chng ta vn hi h ngy m trong vng xoy kim tin, say sa tch ly ca ci, hnh din v
nhng ti sn v danh vng ca mnh. Cng c nhiu, chng ta cng mun nhiu hn.
i khi chng ta khng quan tm nhng vic ta lm c hi cho x hi v nhng ngi xung quanh
hay khng, v khng cn bit hu qu. V chng ta ngh rng, nu c th nhng ngi xa l khc
ch khng phi ta v ngi thn yu ca ta, s phi gnh chu nhng th ti t !
Bn ang bc bi v iu g?
nhim v khi bi, rc, nc thi quanh nh bn?
Nn tc ng v tai nn giao thng rnh rp trn mi no ng?
Bnh vin qu ti, gi thuc "ct c", bc s v trch nhim v nn phong b?
Thc phm ngy cng t v nhim hn lun e da sc khe ca gia nh, con ci bn?
T nn x hi ang rnh rp lm h hoi nhng a con ca bn?
Nhng mi quan h phc tp, k, ghen ght hay nhng mu m m ni lm vic?
...
Nhng th ny ang hng ngy, hng gi hy hoi sc khe v ly i nhng gi tr cao qu ca
cuc sng m ng l bn phi c.
Chng ta rt ght nhng iu xy n vi mnh.
Nhng i lc chnh chng ta cng gp la thm vo, hoc hng li t nhng iu !
Bn c t hi: l s v trch nhim, th , hay s bt lc ca chnh chng ta?
iu quan trng hn, s v trch nhim ang ngy cng tr thnh thng xuyn hn - n ni
tr thnh mt thi quen v lan ra c cng ng (ri t cng ng li len li v ng tr
trong chnh ngi nh ca ta), v lm cho i sng ca chng ta ngy cng nhim, ngt ngt
v bc bi hn na.
Chng ta c tng (v hy vng) rng nhng iu xui xo, vn hn ch n vi nhng ngi khc,
m khng th n vi mnh, cha m v con ci mnh.
Hoc chng ta lun lo lng, s hi v nhng iu xu s xy n, nhng li ch lo tch ly tin bc
i ph vi chng. V chng ta vn ngh c nhiu tin l c th mua c tt c!
Hoc nhiu ngi li i lo cu cng ng b, lm mm cao c y l Pht, dng sao gii hn mong
trnh c tai qua nn khi, m khng bit rng Lut Nhn - Qu ph trm v tr.
Ngi ang sng khng dm nhn trch nhim lm ch v nh ot cuc i mnh, m li hy
vng da dm, ph thc cho nhng ngi khut ni?
Vi sc khe, chng ta c th v lnh lng c th ca mnh bo ng v ku cu ht ln ny
n ln khc, bng nhng cn au m , hoc thong qua.
Chng ta mun khai thc c th mnh nh th vi mt k n l khng cng, hoc c xe min ph,
m ch cn cho n t thc n, thm ch c nhng th c hi- nu l nhng th a thch ca ta.
Bi v ta thy nhiu ngi xung quanh cng lm nh vy!
Cho n khi, bnh tt v tai ha p trn u ta, trong ngi nh ca ta, ln b, m, v, chng, con
ci ca ta.
Ta au kh, ta ku cu, ta cu khn, ta li, ta hi hn v tic nui.
Ta cho l iu xui xo, l s phn, l nh mnh ca ta. ng thi, v chnh ta to ra s phn ,
bng nhng s la chn v hnh ng ca ta hng ngy, hng gi.
Bn c dp him hoi no bnh cnh v lng nghe nhng ngi ang sp t gi ci i? Bn c
bit h mong c iu g nht? C phi h ao c kim c nhiu tin hn? C c chc v v
danh vng ln hn? c nhiu ngi bit n v ni ting hn?
Hay h kht khao c sng thm vi ngy khe mnh?
Hoc mong c thit tha li mt iu g thc s c ngha cho cuc i?
Bn ang nm trong tay nhng iu . Nhng c l bn sp nh mt, nu bn vn lm nh
nhng g m hm qua bn vn lm, nh a s mi ngi xung quanh chng ta vn lm mt cch m
lm.
Nh c t Lai Lt Ma ni: iu lm Ngi ngc nhin nht nhn loi chnh l con ngi.
"Bi v con ngi dng sc khe tch ly tin bc, ri li dng tin bc mua li sc khe. Con
ngi mi sng vi qu kh v lo cho tng lai m qun mt hin ti, n ni khng sng cho
c hin ti ln tng lai.
Con ngi sng nh th s khng bao gi cht
Nhng ri s cht nh cha tng sng bao gi!
Hy suy ngh li v nhng g ang xy ra xung quanh bn, trong tm tr bn!
Sc khe, Hnh phc v ngha cuc sng nm trong tay bn. Tt c ph thuc vo s thc tnh
v hnh ng ca bn, ngay t by gi!
Vy chng ta cn phi lm g?
Chng ta c nn th ng trng ch vo s ci thin ca h thng y t, gio dc, vo lc lng
qun l th trng, vo h thng quy hoch giao thng, mi trng, ri bao nhiu h thng khc
na? V khi khng tha mn th chng ta ch bit ln ting than vn, ch bai, ch trch?
Con ng ci bin th gii tht n gin, nh mt cu ni ca mt bc v nhn: ng gin d
v chin u vi bng m, hy thp ln mt ngn la d nh.
Trc ht, mi ngi hy t tm bin php bo v sc khe ca chnh bn thn v gia nh mnh.
Bn phi l ngi gn gi ly mt trong nhng ti sn qu nht ca chnh mnh - sc khe. ng
nn trao n vo tay ngi khc.
Hy bit tinh lc nhng g tt p vo trong tm hn mnh v trao truyn cho th h con ci chng
ta. mi v tr cng vic trong cuc sng, chng ta u c th nh hng n nhng con ngi,
mi trng xung quanh bng chnh t tng, li ni v hnh ng ca mnh. s l nhng ngn
la nh, nhiu ngn la s thp sng cho mt cuc sng mi.
Hy lm mt con ngi theo ng ch NHN, nh li Khng T dy: iu mnh khng
mun th ng em n cho k khc, iu g mnh mun th nn gip ngi t c.
Gieo g gt ny, iu c bit hn l khi gieo 1 s gt c gp 10 ln. Nhiu ngi cng gieo ht
ging tt th s c ma bi thu. Nu bn l ngi u tin gieo ht, bn s l tm gng, ng lo
khng c ai lm theo bn, v bn s vn l CON NGI.
Nu bn thy nhng thng tin ny c ch, hy chia s v gi tng cho nhng ngi m bn yu qu
nh mt mn qu, thng ip ny c th truyn i mi, cho mt x hi mnh khe, sng sut v
nhn i hn!
Tht may mn cho ti gp v thay i suy ngh gip ti tm li cho mnh sc khe tng
chng mt i. Hnh phc li mt ln na mm ci vi gia nh ti .
Sc kho tuy cha phi l tt c nhng nu khng c sc kho th nhng th cn li u mt
ht ngha
PHN 1 : GII THIU 4 CHUYN

HA I CNG V V C 12
CHUYN 1: I CNG V KIM LOI
BI 1 : TNH CHT CHUNG CA KIM LOI. HP KIM
A. L THUYT
I. V tr v cu to
1. V tr ca kim loi trong bng tun hon
Cc nguyn t ho hc c phn thnh kim loi v phi kim. Trong s 110 nguyn t ho hc
bit c ti gn 90 nguyn t l kim loi. Trong bng tun hon cc nguyn t kim loi c mt :
- Nhm IA (tr hiro) v IIA.
- Nhm IIIA (tr bo) v mt phn ca cc nhm IVA, VA, VIA.
- Cc nhm B (t IB n VIIIB).
- H lantan v actini, c xp ring thnh hai hng cui bng.
2. Cu to ca nguyn t kim loi
Nguyn t ca hu ht cc nguyn t kim loi u c t electron lp ngoi cng (1, 2 hoc 3e).
V d : Na : 1s22s22p63s1 ; Mg : 1s22s22p63s2 ; Al : 1s22s22p63s23p1
Trong cng chu k, nguyn t ca nguyn t kim loi c bn knh nguyn t ln hn v in
tch ht nhn nh hn so vi nguyn t ca nguyn t phi kim. V d xt chu k 2 (bn knh nguyn
t c biu din bng nanomet, nm) :
11Na 12Mg 13Al 14Si 15P 16S 17Cl
0,157 0,136 0,125 0,117 0,110 0,104 0,099
3. Cu to tinh th kim loi
Hu ht cc kim loi iu kin thng u tn ti di dng tinh th (tr Hg).
Trong tinh th kim loi, nguyn t v ion kim loi nm nhng nt ca mng tinh th. Cc
electron ho tr lin kt yu vi ht nhn nn d tch khi nguyn t v chuyn ng t do trong
mng tinh th.
a s cc kim loi tn ti di ba kiu mng tinh th ph bin sau :
a. Mng tinh th lc phng
Trong tinh th, th tch ca cc nguyn t v ion kim loi chim 74%, cn li
26% l cc khe rng. Thuc loi ny c cc kim loi : Be, Mg, Zn,...
b. Mng tinh th lp phng tm din

Cc nguyn t, ion kim loi nm trn cc nh v tm cc mt ca hnh
lp phng.
Trong tinh th, th tch ca cc nguyn t v ion kim loi chim 74%,
cn li 26% l cc khe rng. Thuc loi ny c cc kim loi : Cu, Ag, Au,
Al,...

c. Mng tinh th lp phng tm khi

Cc nguyn t, ion dng kim loi nm trn cc nh v tm ca hnh
lp phng.
Trong tinh th, th tch ca cc nguyn t v ion kim loi ch chim
68%, cn li 32% l cc khe rng. Thuc loi ny c cc kim loi : Li, Na,
K, V, Mo,...
4. Lin kt kim loi

Lin kt kim loi l lin kt c hnh thnh gia cc nguyn t v ion kim loi trong mng tinh
th do s tham gia ca cc electron t do.
II. Tnh cht vt l ca kim loi
1. Tnh cht vt l chung
a. Tnh do
Khc vi phi kim, kim loi c tnh do : D rn, d dt mng v d ko si. Vng l kim loi c
tnh do cao nht, c th dt thnh l mng n mc nh sng c th xuyn qua.
Kim loi c tnh do l v cc ion dng trong mng tinh th kim loi c th trt ln nhau d
dng m khng tch ra khi nhau nh nhng electron t do chuyn ng dnh kt chng vi nhau.
b. Tnh dn in
Khi t mt hiu in th vo hai u dy kim loi, nhng electron t do trong kim loi s
chuyn ng thnh dng c hng t cc m n cc dng, to thnh dng in.
Kim loi dn in tt nht l Ag, sau n Cu, Au, Al, Fe,...
Nhit ca kim loi cng cao th tnh dn in ca kim loi cng gim do nhit cao, cc
ion dng dao ng mnh cn tr dng electron chuyn ng.
c. Tnh dn nhit
Tnh dn nhit ca cc kim loi cng c gii thch bng s c mt cc electron t do trong
mng tinh th.
Cc electron trong vng nhit cao c ng nng ln, chuyn ng hn lon v nhanh chng
sang vng c nhit thp hn, truyn nng lng cho cc ion dng vng ny nn nhit lan
truyn c t vng ny n vng khc trong khi kim loi.
Thng cc kim loi dn in tt cng dn nhit tt.
d. nh kim
Cc electron t do trong tinh th kim loi phn x hu ht nhng tia sng nhn thy c, do
kim loi c v sng lp lnh gi l nh kim.
Tm li : Tnh cht vt l chung ca kim loi nh ni trn gy nn bi s c mt ca cc
electron t do trong mng tinh th kim loi.
2. Tnh cht vt l ring
Ngoi nhng tnh cht vt l chung kim loi cn c mt s tnh cht vt l ring nh khi lng
ring, nhit nng chy, tnh cng Nhng tnh cht ny ph thuc vo bn lin kt kim loi,
nguyn t khi, kiu mng tinh th, ca kim loi.

- Kim loi do nht l Au, sau n Ag, Al, Cu, Sn,

- Kim loi dn in, dn nhit tt nht l Ag, sau n Cu, Au, Al, Fe,
- Kim loi c khi lng ring D < 5 gam/cm3 l kim loi nh, nh : Na, Li, Mg, Al,
- Kim loi c khi lng ring D > 5 gam/cm3 l kim loi nng, nh : Cr, Fe, Zn, Pb, Ag, Hg,
- Kim loi nh nht l Li, kim loi nng nht l Os.
- Kim loi d nng chy nht l Hg (-39oC).
- Kim loi kh nng chy nht l W (3410oC).
- Kim loi mm nht l Cs, kim loi cng nht l Cr.
III. Tnh cht ho hc chung ca kim loi
Trong mt chu k, nguyn t ca cc nguyn t kim loi c bn knh tng i ln hn v in
tch ht nhn nh hn so vi phi kim, s electron ho tr t, lc lin kt vi ht nhn ca nhng
electron ny tng i yu nn chng d tch khi nguyn t. V vy, tnh cht ho hc chung ca
kim loi l tnh kh.
M Mn+ + ne
1. Tc dng vi phi kim
Nhiu kim loi c th kh c phi kim n s oxi ho m, ng thi nguyn t kim loi b oxi
ho n s oxi ho dng.
a. Tc dng vi clo
Hu ht cc kim loi u c th kh trc tip clo to ra mui clorua. V d : Dy st nng
chy mnh trong kh clo to ra khi mu nu l nhng ht cht rn st(III) clorua.
o o o +3 1
t
2Fe + 3Cl 2 2 Fe Cl3
o 1
Trong phn ng ny Fe kh t Cl 2 xung Cl
b. Tc dng vi oxi
o 2
Hu ht cc kim loi c th kh t O 2 xung O . V d : Khi t, bt nhm chy mnh trong
khng kh to ra nhm oxit.
o o o +3 1
t
4Al + 3O 2 2 Al 2 O3
c. Tc dng vi lu hunh
o 2
Nhiu kim loi c th kh lu hunh t S xung S . Phn ng cn un nng (tr Hg). V d :
o o o +2 2
t
Fe + S Fe S
o o +2 2
t o thng
Hg + S
Hg S
2. Tc dng vi dung dch axit
a. Vi dung dch HCl, H2SO4 long
+
Nhiu kim loi c th kh c ion H trong cc dung dch axit trn thnh hiro. V d :
o +1 +2 1 o
Fe + 2 H Cl Fe Cl 2 + H 2
b. Vi dung dch HNO3, H2SO4 c
+5 +6
Hu ht kim loi (tr Pt, Au) kh c N (trong HNO3) v S (trong H2SO4 ) xung s oxi ho
thp hn. V d :

o +5 o
+2 +2
t
3Cu + 8H N O3 3Cu(NO3 )2 + 2 N O + 4H 2 O
o +5 o
+2 +2
t
Cu + 2H 2 S O 4 Cu SO 4 + S O2 + 2H 2 O
Ch : HNO3, H2SO4 c, ngui lm th ng ho Al, Fe, Cr, ...
3. Tc dng vi nc
Cc kim loi nhm IA v IIA ca bng tun hon (tr Be, Mg) do c tnh kh mnh nn c
th kh c H2O nhit thng thnh hiro. Cc kim loi cn li c tnh kh yu hn nn ch
kh c H2O nhit cao (Fe, Zn,...) hoc khng kh c H2O (Ag, Au,...). V d:
o +1 +1 o
Na + 2 H 2 O 2Na OH + H 2
4. Tc dng vi dung dch mui
Kim loi mnh hn c th kh c ion ca kim loi yu hn trong dung dch mui thnh kim
loi t do. V d : Ngm mt inh st ( lm sch lp g) vo dung dch CuSO4, sau mt thi gian
mu xanh ca dung dch CuSO4 b nht dn v trn inh st c lp ng mu bm vo.
o +2 +2 o
Fe + Cu SO 4 FeSO 4 + Cu
IV. Hp kim
1. nh ngha
Hp kim l nhng vt liu kim loi c cha mt kim loi c bn v mt s kim loi hoc phi kim
khc.
V d : Thp l hp kim ca st vi cacbon v mt s nguyn t khc.
2. Tnh cht ca hp kim
a. Tnh cht ha hc : Tng t nh cc cht trong hn hp ban u.
b. Tnh cht vt l : So vi cc cht trong hn hp ban u th hp kim c :
- Tnh dn in, dn nhit km hn.
- Nhit nng chy thp hn.
- Cng hn, gin hn.

BI 2 : DY IN HO CA KIM LOI
A. L THUYT
I. Cp oxi ho - kh ca kim loi
Nguyn t kim loi d nhng electron tr thnh ion kim loi, ngc li ion kim loi c th
nhn electron tr thnh nguyn t kim loi. V d :
Ag+ + 1e Ag
Cu2+ + 2e Cu
Fe2+ + 2e Fe
Cc nguyn t kim loi (Ag, Cu, Fe,...) ng vai tr cht kh, cc ion kim loi (Ag+, Cu2+, Fe2+
...) ng vai tr cht oxi ho.
Cht oxi ho v cht kh ca cng mt nguyn t kim loi to nn cp oxi ho - kh. V d ta
c cp oxi ho - kh : Ag+/Ag ; Cu2+/Cu ; Fe2+/Fe.
c im ca cp oxi ha - kh : Trong cp oxi ha - kh, dng kh c tnh kh cng mnh th
dng oxi ha c tnh oxi ha cng yu v ngc li.
II. Pin in ha
1. Cu to v hot ng
- Kim loi mnh lm in cc m (anot) v b n mn.
- Kim loi c tnh kh yu hn c bo v.
- Cu mui c tc dng trung ha dung dch
2. Tnh sut in ng ca pin in ha
Epin = Ecatot - Eanot = Emax - Emin
xc nh tnh kh cc kim loi v tnh oxi ha cc ion kim loi, ngi ta thit lp cc pin
in ha vi mt in cc bng H2 lm chun cn in cc cn li l kim loi cn xc nh. Qua
ngi ta a ra c mt gi tr gi l th in cc chun. K hiu E o Mn + .
M
IV. Dy in ho ca kim loi

1. Dy in ha :
Dy in ha ca kim loi l mt dy cc cp oxi ha - kh c sp xp theo chiu tng dn
tnh oxi ha ca ion kim loi v gim dn tnh kh ca nguyn t kim loi.
Ngi ta so snh tnh cht ca nhiu cp oxi ho - kh v sp xp thnh dy in ho ca
kim loi :
+
Mg2+ Al3+ Zn2+ Fe2+ Ni2+ Sn2+ Pb2+ H+ Cu2+ Fe3+ Ag Au3+
Mg Al Zn Fe Ni Sn Pb H2 Cu Fe2+ Ag Au
E o Mn+ -2,37 -,166 -0,76 -0,44 -0,23 -0,14 -0,13 0,00 0,34 0,77 0,8 1,5
M
Chiu gim dn tnh kh ca kim loi v tng dn tnh oxi ha ca ion kim loi
2. ngha ca dy in ho ca kim loi
a. D on chiu xy ra phn ng oxi ha - kh
Dy in ho ca kim loi cho php d on chiu ca phn ng gia 2 cp oxi ho - kh theo
quy tc (anpha) : Phn ng gia 2 cp oxi ho - kh s xy ra theo chiu, cht oxi ho mnh nht
s oxi ho cht kh mnh nht, sinh ra cht oxi ho yu hn v cht kh yu hn.

V d : Phn ng gia 2 cp Ag+/Ag v Cu2+/Cu xy ra theo chiu ion Ag+ oxi ho Cu to ra ion
2+
Cu v Ag.
2Ag+ + Cu Cu2+ + 2Ag

Cht oxi ho mnh Cht kh mnh Cht oxi ho yu Cht kh yu
b. So snh tnh cht ca cc cp oxi ho - kh
V d : So snh tnh cht ca hai cp oxi ho - kh Cu2+/Cu v Ag+ /Ag, thc nghim cho thy
Cu tc dng c vi dung dch mui Ag+ theo phng trnh ion rt gn :
Cu + 2Ag+ Cu2+ + 2Ag
(kh mnh) (oxi ha mnh) (kh yu) (oxi ha yu)
Theo phng trnh ta thy : Tnh kh : Cu > Ag; Tnh oxi ha : Ag+ > Cu2+
Ai quyt nh s phn mnh

Leonardo da Vinci v bc Ba tic ly mt by nm lin. l bc tranh v Cha Jsu v 12 v tng
trong ba n cui cng trc khi ngi b mn Judas phn bi.
Leonardo tm ngi mu rt cng phu. Gia hng ngn thanh nin ng mi chn oc mt chng
trai c gng mt thnh thin, mt tnh cch thanh khit tuyt i lm mu v Cha Jsu. Da Vinci
lm vic khng mt mi sut su thng lin trc chng trai, v hnh nh Cha Jsu hin ra trn
bn v.
Su nm tip theo ng ln lt v xong 12 v tng , ch cn c Judas, v mn phn bi
Cha v 30 ng bc. Ha s mun tm mt ngi n ng c khun mt hn ln s hm li, la lc,
o c gi v cc k tn c. Khun mt phi tot ln tnh cch ca k sn sng bn i ngi bn
thn nht, ngi thy knh yu nht ca chnh mnh ...
Cuc tm kim dng nh v vng. Bao nhiu gng mt xu xa nht, c c nht, Vinci u thy
cha biu l ci c ca Judas. Mt hm Vinci c thng bo c mt k m ngoi hnh c th
p ng c yu cu ca ng. Hn ang trong mt hm ngc Roma, b kt n t hnh v ti
git ngi v nhiu ti c ty tri khc ...
Vinci lp tc ln ng n Roma. Trc mt ng l mt g n ng nc da en sm vi mi tc
di bn thu xa xung gng mt, mt gng mt xu xa, him c, hin hin r tnh cch ca mt
k hon ton b tha ha. ng y l Judas!
c s cho php c bit ca c vua, ngi t c a ti Milan ni bc tranh ang v d. Mi
ngy tn t ngi trc Da Vinci v ngi ha s thin ti cn mn vi cng vic truyn ti vo bc
tranh din mo ca mt k phn phc.
Khi nt v cui cng c hon tt, kit sc v phi i mt vi ci c mt thi gian di, Vinci
quay sang bo lnh gc:" Cc ngi em hn i i!". Lnh canh tm ly k t t, nhng hn t
nhin vng ra v lao n qu xung bn Da Vinci, khc nc ln :" i, ngi Da Vinci! Hy nhn con!
Ngi khng nhn ra con ?".
Da Vinci quan st k m su thng qua ng lin tc nhn mt. Cui cng ng p: " Khng! Ta
cha tng nhn thy ngi cho n khi ngi c a n t hm ngc Roma ...". Tn t t ku
ln: " Ngi Vinci ... Hy nhn k ti! Ti chnh l ngi m by nm v trc ngi chn lm mu
v Cha Jsu..."
Cu chuyn ny l c tht, nh bc tranh Ba tic ly l c tht. Chng trai tng c chn lm hnh
mu ca Cha Jsu, ch sau hn 2000 ngy t bin mnh thnh hnh tng hon ho ca k phn
bi gh gm nht trong lch s.
Tng lai khng h c nh trc. Chnh chng ta l ngi quyt nh s phn ca chnh
mnh...

B. PHNG PHP GII BI TP V KIM LOI

I. Phng php
- Phn ng ca kim loi vi phi kim; vi cc dung dch : axit, kim, mui l phn ng oxi ha -
kh, nn phng php c trng gii bi tp v kim loi l phng php bo ton electron,
ngoi ra c th s dng phng php tng gim khi lng i vi nhng bi tp lin quan n
kim loi tc dng vi dung dch mui. i vi nhng bi tp tng hp lin quan n nhiu loi
phn ng th c th kt hp cc phng php : bo ton electron, bo ton khi lng, tng gim
khi lng, bo ton nguyn t...
II. n tp v phng php bo ton electron
1. Ni dung nh lut bo ton electron :
- Trong phn ng oxi ha - kh, tng s electron m cc cht kh nhng lun bng tng s
electron m cc cht oxi ha nhn.
2. Nguyn tc p dng :
- Trong phn ng oxi ha - kh, tng s mol electron m cc cht kh nhng lun bng tng
s mol electron m cc cht oxi ha nhn.
Lu : Khi gii bi tp bng phng php bo ton electron ta cn phi xc nh y ,
chnh xc cht kh v cht oxi ha; trng thi s oxi ha ca cht kh, cht oxi ha trc v
sau phn ng; khng cn quan tm n s oxi ha ca cht kh v cht oxi ha cc qu trnh
trung gian.
3. Cc dng bi tp
a. Kim loi tc dng vi phi kim
V d 1: Hn hp X gm S v Br2 tc dng va vi hn hp Y gm 9,75 gam Zn, 6,4 gam Cu v
9,0 gam Ca thu c 53,15 gam cht rn. Khi lng ca S trong X c gi tr l :
A. 16 gam. B. 32 gam. C. 40 gam. D. 12 gam.
Hng dn gii
Gi s mol S l x v s mol Br2 l y ta c :
32x + 160y = 53,15 9,75 6,4 9,0 32x + 160y = 28 (1)
p dng nh lut bo ton electron ta c :
nelectron cho = nelectron nhn 2.n S + 2.n Br2 = 2.n Zn + 2.n Cu + 2.n Ca (*)
2x + 2y = 0,15.2 + 0,1.2 + 0,225.2 2x + 2y = 0,95 (2)
T (1) v (2) ta c : x = 0,375 v y = 0,1 mS = 0,375.32 = 12 gam.
Nu nu cc em hc sinh khng hnh dung c biu thc (*) th c th vit cc qu trnh oxi
ha - kh, ri p dng nh lut bo ton electron suy ra (*) :
Qu trnh oxi ha : Qu trnh kh :
Zn Zn+2 + 2e S + 2e S-2
mol : 0,15 0,3 mol: x 2x
Cu Cu+2 + 2e Br2 + 2e 2Br-
mol : 0,1 0,2 mol: y 2y
Ca Ca+2 + 2e
mol : 0,225 0,45
p n D.

V d 2: Cho 11,2 lt hn hp kh A gm clo v oxi phn ng va ht vi 16,98 gam hn hp B

gm magie v nhm to ra 42,34 gam hn hp cc mui clorua v oxit hai kim loi. Thnh phn %
khi lng ca magie v nhm trong hn hp B l :
A. 48% v 52%. B. 77,74% v 22,26%.
C. 43,15% v 56,85%. D. 75% v 25%.
Hng dn gii
Theo gi thit ta c : n (Cl2 ,O 2 ) = 0,5 mol ; m (Cl2 ,O 2 ) = 25,36 gam.
Gi x v y ln lt l s mol ca Cl2 v O2 ta c :
x+y = 0,5 x = 0, 24

71x+32y = 25,36 y = 0,26
Gi a v b ln lt l s mol ca Al v Mg ta c :
27a + 24b = 16,98 (1)
nelectron cho = nelectron nhn 3.n Al + 2.n Mg = 2.n Cl2 + 4.n O2 3a + 2b = 1,52 (2)
T (1) v (2) suy ra : a = 0,14 ; b = 0,55
Thnh phn % khi lng ca magie v nhm trong hn hp B l :
0,14.27
% Al = .100% = 22, 26% ; % Mg = (100 22,26)% = 77,74%.
16,98
p n B.
b. Kim loi tc dng vi dung dch axit
V d 1: Ho tan ht 9,6 gam kim loi M trong dung dch H2SO4 c, nng, thu c SO2 l sn
phm kh duy nht. Cho ton b lng SO2 ny hp th vo 0,5 lt dung dch NaOH 0,6M, sau
phn ng em c cn dung dch c 18,9 gam cht rn. Kim loi M l :
A. Ca. B. Mg. C. Fe. D. Cu.
Hng dn gii
Kh SO2 tc dng vi dung dch NaOH c th xy ra cc kh nng :
- To ra mui NaHSO3.
- To ra mui Na2SO3.
- To ra mui NaHSO3 v Na2SO3.
- To ra mui Na2SO3 v d NaOH.
Gi s phn ng to ra hai mui NaHSO3 (x mol) v Na2SO3 (y mol).
Phng trnh phn ng :
NaOH + SO2 NaHSO3 (1)
mol : x x x
2NaOH + SO2 Na2SO3 (2)
mol : 2y y y
Theo (1), (2) v gi thit ta c :
x+2y = 0,3 x = 0

104x+126y = 18,9 y = 0,15
Nh vy phn ng ch to ra mui Na2SO3.

Gi n l ha tr ca kim loi M. p dng nh lut bo ton electron ta c :

9, 6 n = 2
n.n M = 2.n SO2 .n = 2.0,15 M = 32n
M M = 64
Vy kim loi M l Cu.
p n D.
V d 2: Cho 1,35 gam hn hp gm Cu, Mg, Al tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 d, thu c 1,12
lt (ktc) hn hp kh NO v NO2 c t khi so vi hiro bng 20. Tng khi lng mui nitrat sinh
ra l :
A. 66,75 gam. B. 33,35 gam. C. 6,775 gam. D. 3,335 gam.
Hng dn gii
p dng s ng cho cho hn hp N2O v NO ta c :
n 46 40 30 = 10
NO2 n NO2 10 5
40 = =
n NO 6 3
n NO 30 46 40 = 6
5
Suy ra : n NO = .0,05 = 0, 03125 mol, n NO = 0, 05 0, 03125 = 0, 01875 mol.
2
8
Ta c cc qu trnh oxi ha kh :
Qu trnh kh :
NO3 + 3e NO
mol : 0,05625 0,01875

NO3 + 1e NO2
mol : 0,03125 0,03125
Nh vy, tng s mol electron nhn = tng s mol electron nhng = 0,0875 mol.
Thay cc kim loi Cu, Mg, Al bng kim loi M.
Qu trnh oxi ha :
+n
M M(NO3 )n + ne
0, 0875
mol : 0,0875
n
Khi lng mui nitrat sinh ra l :
0, 0875
m = m M( NO3 )n = m M +m NO = 1,35 + .n.62 = 6,775 gam.
3
n
Suy ra : n NO tao muoi = n electron trao oi
3
p n C.
V d 3: Cho 12,9 gam hn hp Al, Mg phn ng va ht vi dung dch H2SO4 c, nng. Sau phn
ng thu c 0,125 mol S, 0,2 mol SO2 v dung dch X. C cn dung dch X thu c m gam mui.
Gi tr ca m l :
A. 68,1. B. 84,2. C. 64,2. D. 123,3.
Hng dn gii
t s mol ca Al v Mg ln lt l x v y.
Phng trnh theo tng khi lng ca Al v Mg : 27x + 24y = 12,9 (1)

nelectron cho = nelectron nhn 3x + 2y = 0,125.6 + 0,2.2 + 0,4 = 1,15 (2)
T (1) v (2) ta c : x = 0,1 v y = 0,425
Phn ng to ra mui sunfat Al2(SO4)3 (0,05 mol) v MgSO4 (0,425 mol) nn khi lng mui
thu c l :
m = 0,05. 342 + 0,425.120 = 68,1 gam.
p n A.
c. Kim loi tc dng vi dung dch mui
Tnh ton theo phng trnh phn ng
V d 1: Cho m gam Mg vo dung dch cha 0,12 mol FeCl3. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton
thu c 3,36 gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l :
A. 2,88. B. 2,16. C. 4,32. D. 5,04.
Hng dn gii
Khi cho Mg vo dung dch mui Fe , u tin Mg kh Fe3+ thnh Fe2+, sau Mg kh Fe2+ v
3+
Fe. Vy phn ng (1) xy ra xong sau mi n phn ng (2).

Gi s tt c lng Fe2+ chuyn ht thnh Fe th khi lng st to thnh l 6,72 gam. Trn thc
t khi lng cht rn thu c ch l 3,36 gam, suy ra Fe2+ cha phn ng ht, Mg phn ng
ht, 3,36 gam cht rn l Fe to thnh.
Phng trnh phn ng :
Mg + 2Fe3+ Mg2+ + 2Fe2+ (1)
mol: 0,06 0,12 0,06 0,12
Mg + Fe2+ Mg2+ + Fe (2)
mol: 0,06 0,06 0,06 0,06
Cn c vo (1) v (2) suy ra : n Mg = 0,12 mol m Mg = 0,12.24 = 2,88 gam.
p n A.
V d 2: Cho 100 ml dung dch FeCl2 1,2M tc dng vi 200 ml dung dch AgNO3 2M, thu c m
gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l :
A. 12,96. B. 34,44. C. 47,4. D. 30,18.
Hng dn gii
Theo gi thit ta c :
n FeCl2 = 0,1.1, 2 = 0,12 mol n Fe2+ = 0,12 mol, n Cl = 0, 24 mol.
n AgNO3 = 0, 2.2 = 0, 4 mol n Ag + = 0, 4 mol.
Phng trnh phn ng :
Ag+ + Cl- AgCl (1)
mol: 0,24 0,24 0,24
Ag+ + Fe2+ Ag + Fe3+ (2)
mol: 0,12 0,12 0,12
Theo phng trnh phn ng ta thy kt ta thu c l Ag v AgCl.
m = m (Ag AgCl) = 0, 24.143, 5 + 0,12.108 = 47, 4 gam.
p n C.

Lu : Trong dung dch, th t xy ra phn ng l :

+ Phn ng trao i.
+ Phn ng oxi ha - kh.
bi trn nu (1) Ag+ ht th phn ng (2) khng xy ra.
S phng php tng gim khi lng
V d 3: Ngm mt thanh ng c khi lng 15 gam trong 340 gam dung dch AgNO3 6%. Sau
mt thi gian ly vt ra thy khi lng AgNO3 trong dung dch gim 25%. Khi lng ca vt sau
phn ng l :
Hng dn gii
340.6
n AgNO3 ( b ) = = 0,12 mol.
170.100
25
n AgNO3 ( p ) = 0,12. = 0,03 mol.
100
Phng trnh phn ng :
Cu + 2AgNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + 2Ag
mol : 0,015 0,03 0,03
mvt sau phn ng = mthanh ng ban u + mAg (sinh ra) mCu (phn ng)
= 15 + 108.0,03 64.0,015 = 17,28 gam.
p n C.
V d 4: Nhng thanh km vo dung dch cha 8,32 gam CdSO4. Sau khi kh hon ton ion Cd2+
khi lng thanh km tng 2,35% so vi ban u. Khi lng thanh km ban u l :
Hng dn gii
2,35a
Gi khi lng thanh km ban u l a gam th khi lng tng thm l gam.
100
Phng trnh phn ng :
Zn + CdSO4 ZnSO4 + Cd (1)
mol : 0,04 0,04 0,04
2,35a
Theo gi thit v (1) ta c : 0,04.112 0,04.65 = a = 80 gam.
100
p n C.
V d 5: Cho m gam bt Zn vo 500 ml dung dch Fe2(SO4)3 0,24M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra
hon ton, khi lng dung dch tng thm 9,6 gam so vi khi lng dung dch ban u. Gi tr
ca m l :
A.32,50. B. 20,80. C. 29,25. D. 48,75.
Hng dn gii
Phng trnh phn ng :
2Fe3+ + Zn 2Fe2+ + Zn2+
mol: 0,24 0,12 0,24 0,12
Fe2+ + Zn Fe + Zn2+
mol: x x x x
V trc v sau phn ng tng khi lng khng i nn sau phn ng khi lng dung dch
tng 9,6 gam th khi lng kim loi gim 9,6 gam.
Theo phng trnh ta thy :
Khi lng kim loi gim = mZn phn ng - mFe sinh ra = (0,12+x)65 56x = 9,6 x= 0,2
Vy mZn = (0,2 + 0,12).65 = 20,8 gam.
p n B.
V d 6: Nhng mt thanh km v mt thanh st vo cng mt dung dch CuSO4. Sau mt thi gian
ly hai thanh kim loi ra thy trong dung dch cn li c nng mol ZnSO4 bng 2,5 ln nng
mol FeSO4. Mt khc, khi lng dung dch gim 2,2 gam. Khi lng ng bm ln thanh km v
bm ln thanh st ln lt l :
A. 12,8 gam; 32 gam. B. 64 gam; 25,6 gam.
C. 32 gam; 12,8 gam. D. 25,6 gam; 64 gam.
Hng dn gii
V trong cng dung dch sau phn ng [ZnSO4] = 2,5[FeSO4] nn suy ra n ZnSO4 = 2,5n FeSO4 .
t n FeSO = x mol ; n ZnSO = 2,5x mol .
4 4
Phng trnh phn ng ha hc :

Zn + CuSO4 ZnSO4 + Cu (1)
mol : 2,5x 2,5x 2,5x 2,5x
Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu (2)
mol : x x x x
Ta nhn thy gim khi lng ca dung dch bng tng khi lng ca kim loi. Do :
mCu (sinh ra) mZn (phn ng) mFe (phn ng) = 2,2
64.(2,5x + x) 65.2,5x 56x = 2,2
x = 0,4 mol.
Vy : mCu (bm ln thanh km) = 64.2,5.0,4 = 64 gam ; mCu (bm ln thanh st) = 64.0,4 = 25,6 gam.
p n B.
V d 7: Cho 2,7 gam hn hp bt X gm Fe v Zn tc dng vi dung dch CuSO4. Sau mt thi
gian, thu c dung dch Y v 2,84 gam cht rn Z. Cho ton b Z vo dung dch H2SO4 (long,
d). Sau khi cc phn ng kt thc th khi lng cht rn gim 0,28 gam v dung dch thu c
ch cha mt mui duy nht. Phn trm khi lng ca Fe trong X l :
A. 58,52%. B. 51,85%. C. 48,15%. D. 41,48%.
Hng dn gii
Phn ng ca hn hp X vi dung dch CuSO4 lm khi lng cht rn tng chng t Fe
tham gia phn ng (v nu ch c Zn phn ng th khi lng cht rn phi gim do nguyn t khi
ca Zn ln hn Cu). Cht rn Z phn ng vi H2SO4 th thy khi lng cht rn gim v dung dch
thu c ch c mt mui duy nht nn kim loi d ch c Fe, khi lng Fe d l 0,28 gam.
Gi s mol ca Zn v Fe phn ng vi dung dch mui CuSO4 ln lt l x v y mol.
Phng trnh phn ng :
Zn + Cu2+ Zn2+ + Cu (1)
mol: x x x
2+ 2+
Fe + Cu Fe + Cu (2)
mol: y y y

Theo cc phn ng v gi thit ta c :

65x + 56y = 2,7 0,28 x = 0,02

2,7 65x 56y + 64x + 64y = 2,84 y = 0,02
0, 02.56 + 0,28
Phn trm khi lng ca Fe trong X l : .100 = 51,85% .
2, 7
p n B.
V d 8: Cho 3,78 gam bt Al phn ng va vi dung dch mui XCl3 to thnh dung dch Y.
Khi lng cht tan trong dung dch Y gim 4,06 gam so vi dung dch XCl3. Cng thc ca mui
XCl3 l :
A. FeCl3. B. AlCl3. C. CrCl3. D. Khng xc nh.
Hng dn gii
3,18
n Al = = 0,14 mol .
27
Phng trnh phn ng :
Al + XCl3 AlCl3 + X (1)
mol : 0,14 0,14 0,14
Theo (1) v gi thit ta c : (X + 35,5.3).0,14 133,5.0,14 = 4,06 X = 56.
Vy kim loi X l Fe v mui FeCl3.
p n A.
V d 9: Nhng mt thanh graphit c ph mt lp kim loi ha tr (II) vo dung dch CuSO4 d.
Sau phn ng khi lng ca thanh graphit gim i 0,24 gam. Cng thanh graphit ny nu c
nhng vo dung dch AgNO3 d th khi phn ng xong thy khi lng thanh graphit tng ln 0,52
gam. Kim loi ha tr (II) l kim loi no sau y ?
A. Pb. B. Cd. C. Al. D. Sn.
Hng dn gii
t kim loi ha tr (II) l M vi s mol l x mol.
M + CuSO4 MSO4 + Cu (1)
mol : x x x x
Theo (1) v gi thit ta c : Mx 64x = 0,24 (*)
M + 2AgNO3 M(NO3)2 + 2Ag (2)
mol : x 2x x 2x
Theo (2) v gi thit ta c : 108.2x Mx = 0,52 (**)
Ly (*) chia cho (**) ta c phng trnh mt n M, t suy ra M = 112 (Cd).
p n B.

V d 10: Nhng thanh kim loi M ho tr 2 vo dung dch CuSO4, sau mt thi gian ly thanh kim
loi ra thy khi lng gim 0,05%. Mt khc nhng thanh kim loi trn vo dung dch Pb(NO3)2,
sau mt thi gian thy khi lng tng 7,1%. Xc nh M, bit rng s mol CuSO4 v Pb(NO3)2
tham gia 2 trng hp nh nhau.
A. Al. B. Zn. C. Mg. D. Fe.
Hng dn gii
Gi m l khi lng thanh kim loi, M l nguyn t khi ca kim loi, x l s mol mui phn
ng.
M + CuSO4 MSO4 + Cu (1)
mol : x x x
0,05.m
Theo (1) v gi thit ta c : Mx 64x = (*)
100
M + Pb(NO3)2 M(NO3)2 + Pb (2)
mol : x x x
7,1.m
Theo (2) v gi thit ta c : 207x Mx = (**)
100
Ly (*) chia cho (**) ta c phng trnh mt n M, t suy ra M = 65 (Zn).
p n B.
S dng phng php bo ton electron
V d 11: Cho a mol kim loi Mg vo dung dch hn hp cha b mol CuSO4 v c mol FeSO4. Kt
thc phn ng dung dch thu c cha 2 mui. Xc nh iu kin ph hp cho kt qu trn.
A. a b. B. b a < b +c. C. b a b +c. D. b < a < 0,5(b + c).
Hng dn gii
2+ 2+
Tnh oxi ha : Cu > Fe .
Th t phn ng :
Mg + Cu2+ Mg2+ + Cu (1)
2+ 2+
Mg + Fe Mg + Fe (2)
Theo gi thit, sau phn ng thu c dung dch cha 2 mui, suy ra hai mui l Mg2+ v Fe2+.
V trong dung dch c mui Fe2+ nn s mol electron m Mg nhng nh hn s mol electron
m Cu2+ v Fe2+ nhn, suy ra : 2n Mg < 2n Cu 2+ + 2.n Fe2+ a < b + c (*).
Dung dch sau phn ng cha Mg2+ v Fe2+ nn (1) xy ra hon ton, (2) c th xy ra hoc
cha xy ra, nn s mol electron m Mg nhng ln hn hoc bng s mol electron m Cu2+ nhn,
suy ra : 2n Mg 2n Cu 2+ a b (**)
Vy b a < b +c.
p n B.
V d 12: Cho hn hp gm 1,2 mol Mg v x mol Zn vo dung dch cha 2 mol Cu2+ v 1 mol Ag+
n khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c mt dung dch cha ba loi ion kim loi. Trong
cc gi tr sau y, gi tr no ca x tho mn trng hp trn ?
A. 2. B. 1,2. C. 1,5. D. 1,8.
Hng dn gii
Th t kh : Mg > Zn ; th t oxi ha : Ag+ > Cu2+.
Cn c vo th t kh ca cc kim loi v th t oxi ha ca cc ion suy ra dung dch sau phn
ng cha cc ion l Mg2+, Zn2+ v Cu2+. Vy chng t Mg, Zn phn ng ht, Cu2+ d.
V mui Cu2+ d nn : n electron cho < n electron nhan 2.1,2 + 2x < 2.2 + 1.1 x < 1,3.
Vy ch c phng n x = 1,2 l ph hp.
p n B.
V d 13: Cho 2,8 gam bt st vo 200 ml dung dch gm AgNO3 0,1M v Cu(NO3)2 0,5M; khi cc
phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c m gam cht rn X. Gi tr ca m l :
A. 4,72. B. 4,08. C. 4,48. D. 3,20.
Hng dn gii
S mol electron do Fe nhng = 2n Fe = 0,1 mol.
S mol electron do Ag+ v Cu2+ nhn = n Ag + + 2n Cu 2+ = 0,02 + 0,1 = 0,12 mol.
Nh vy n Ag + < 2n Fe < n Ag + + 2n Cu 2+ . Do Ag+, Fe phn ng ht, Cu2+ d.
0,12 0,1
n Cu2+ d = = 0, 01 mol n Cu2+ p = n Cu = 0, 04 mol.
2
Khi lng cht rn = m Ag + m Cu = 0,02.108 + 0,04.64 = 4,72 gam.
p n A.
V d 14: Cho 0,42 gam hn hp bt Fe v Al vo 250 ml dung dch AgNO3 0,12M. Sau khi cc
phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch X v 3,333 gam cht rn. Khi lng Fe trong hn
hp ban u l :
Hng dn gii
Gi s AgNO3 phn ng ht th mAg = 108.0,12.0,25 = 3,24 gam < 3,333 gam : ng!. Vy
AgNO3 ht, trong cht rn ngoi Ag cn c Fe d hoc Al d v Fe cha phn ng vi khi lng
l 3,333 3,24 = 0,093 gam.
Khi lng Al v Fe phn ng vi dung dch AgNO3 l 0,42 - 0,093 = 0,327 gam.
Gi s mol ca Al v Fe phn ng ln lt l x v y (x > 0, y 0).
Phng trnh theo khi lng ca Al, Fe : 27x + 56y = 0,327 (1)
p dng nh lut bo ton electron ta c : 3x + 2y = 0,12.0,25 (2)
T suy ra x = 0,009 mol v y = 0,0015 mol.
St phn ng chng t Al ht, 0,093 gam kim loi d l Fe.
Khi lng ca Fe trong hn hp = 0,093 + 0,0015.56 = 0,177 gam.
p n C.
d. Kim loi tc dng vi dung dch kim
V d 1: Hn hp X gm Na v Al. Cho m gam X vo mt lng d nc th thot ra V lt kh. Nu
cng cho m gam X vo dung dch NaOH d th c 1,75V lt kh. Thnh phn phn trm theo khi
lng ca Na trong X l (bit cc th tch kh o trong cng iu kin) :
A. 41,94%. B. 77,31%. C. 49,87%. D. 29,87%.
Hng dn gii
X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d thu c lng kh nhiu hn so vi khi X tc dng vi
H2O, chng t khi X tc dng vi H2O th Al cn d, dung dch sau phn ng cha NaAlO2.
i vi cc cht kh th t l th tch cng chnh l t l mol nn cn c vo gi thit ta chn s
mol H2 gii phng hai trng hp ln lt l 1 mol v 1,75 mol.
t s mol ca Na v Al tham gia phn ng vi H2O l x mol.


1.n Na + 3.n Al = 2.n H2 1.x + 3.x = 2.1 x = 0,5
t s mol Al ban u l y, khi X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d th Al phn ng ht.
1.n Na + 3.n Al = 2.n H2 1.0,5 + 3.y = 2.1,75 y = 1
0,5.23
Thnh phn phn trm theo khi lng ca Na trong X l : .100% = 29,87% .
0, 5.23 + 1.27
p n D.
e. Kim loi tc dng vi nhiu cht oxi ha (phi kim, dung dch axit, baz, mui)
V d 1: Trn 56 gam bt Fe vi 16 gam bt lu hunh ri un nng (khng c khng kh) thu
c cht rn A. Ho tan A bng dung dch axit HCl d c dung dch B v kh D. t chy D
cn V lt O2 (ktc). Bit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. V c gi tr l :
A. 11,2 lt. B. 33,6 lt. C. 22,4 lt. D. 44,8 lt.
Hng dn gii
+1 2
Fe: 1mol to FeS: 0,5 mol H+1 Cl +2 H 2 o
O 2 ,t o H 2 O
S phn ng : Fe Cl 2 +
+4 2
S: 0,5 mol Fe: 0,5 mol H 2S S O 2
Kh D l hn hp H2S v H2. t D thu c SO2 v H2O. Kt qu cui cng ca qu trnh phn
ng l Fe v S nhng electron, cn O2 thu electron.
nelectron cho = nelectron nhn 2.n Fe + 4.n S = 4.n O (*) n O = 1 mol VO = 22, 4 lt.
2 2 2
Nu nu cc em hc sinh khng hnh dung c biu thc (*) th c th vit cc qu trnh oxi
ha - kh, ri p dng nh lut bo ton electron tnh s mol ca O2 :
+2
Fe Fe + 2e O2 + 4e 2O-2
mol : 1 2 mol : x 4x
+4
S S + 4e
mol : 0,5 2
p n C.
V d 2: Cho m gam Al tc dng vi O2, thu c 25,8 gam cht rn X. Ho tan hon ton X bng
dung dch H2SO4 c nng, thu c 6,72 lt kh SO2 (ktc). Gi tr ca m l :
A. 21,6. B. 16,2. C. 18,9. D. 13,5.
Hng dn gii
o 2
Al to Al2 O3 to , H2 +S6 O4 +3 +4
S phn ng : o Al 2 (SO 4 )3 + S O 2 + H 2 O
O2 Al
Cn c vo s phn ng ta thy : Cht kh l Al ; cht oxi ha l O2 v H2SO4.
t s mol ca Al l x v s mol ca O2 l y (x, y > 0)
Phng trnh theo tng khi lng ca hn hp X : 27x + 32y = 25,8 (1)
p dng nh lut bo ton electron ta c : nelectron cho = nelectron nhn 3x = 4y + 0,3.2 (2)
T (1), (2) suy ra x = 0,6 v y = 0,3.
Vy khi lng nhm l : m = 0,6.27 = 16,2 gam.

Nu nu cc em hc sinh khng hnh dung c biu thc (2) th c th vit cc qu trnh oxi
ha - kh, ri p dng nh lut bo ton electron suy ra (2) :
+3
Al Al + 3e O2 + 4e 2O-2
mol : x 3x mol : y 4y
S+6 + 2e S+4 (SO2)
mol : 0,6 0,3
p n B.
V d 3: a gam bt st ngoi khng kh, sau mt thi gian s chuyn thnh hn hp A c khi
lng l 75,2 gam gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3 v Fe3O4. Cho hn hp A phn ng ht vi dung dch
H2SO4 m c, nng thu c 6,72 lt kh SO2 (ktc). Khi lng a gam l :
A. 56 gam. B. 11,2 gam. C. 22,4 gam. D. 25,3 gam.
Hng dn gii
S phn ng :
2
o
Fe, Fe 2 O3
o
+ O2
+6
H S O4
+3 +4
Fe
2 2
(A) Fe 2 (SO 4 )3 + SO 2 + H 2 O
Fe3 O 4 , Fe O
t s mol ca Fe v O2 ln lt l x v y.
Theo gi thit v nh lut bo ton khi lng ta c :
m A = 56x + 32y = 75,2 (*)
ne cho = ne nhn 3x = 4y + 0,3.2 (**)
x = 1
T (*) v (**) a = 1.56 = 56 gam.
y = 0, 6
p n A.
V d 4: Nung m gam bt Cu trong oxi thu c 24,8 gam hn hp cht rn X gm Cu, CuO, Cu2O.
Ho tan hon ton X bng H2SO4 c, nng thu c 4,48 lt (ktc) kh SO2 duy nht. Gi tr m l :
Hng dn gii
Cu
o o 2 +6 +2 +4
+ O2 H S O4
S phn ng : Cu (X) Cu 2 O Cu SO 4 + SO2 + H 2 O
2
Cu O
Cn c vo s phn ng ta thy : Cht kh l Cu (x mol) ; cht oxi ha l O2 (y mol) v
H2SO4.
Ta c phng trnh theo tng khi lng ca hn hp X : 64x + 32y = 24,8 (1)
nelectron cho = nelectron nhn 2.n Cu = 4.n O2 + 2.n SO2 2x = 4y + 0,2.2 (2)
T (1) v (2) ta c : x = 0,35 v y = 0,075 m = 0,35.64 = 22,4 gam.
p n D.

V d 5: Ha tan hon ton 30,4 gam cht rn X gm Cu, CuS, Cu2S v S bng dung dch HNO3
d, thot ra 20,16 lt kh NO duy nht (ktc) v dung dch Y. Thm Ba(OH)2 d vo dung dch Y
thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l :
A. 81,55. B. 110,95. C. 115,85. D. 104,20.
Hng dn gii
o +2
Cu Cu 2S, CuS HNO3 +2 Cu(NO3 ) 2 Ba (OH)2 Cu(OH) 2
S phn ng : o N O + +6
S S, Cu H 2 S O 4 BaSO4
Quy i hn hp X thnh hn hp Cu v S.
Qu trnh oxi ha :
Cu Cu+2 + 2e
mol: x x 2x
S S+6 + 6e
mol: y y 6y
Qu trnh kh :
N+5 + 3e N+2 (NO)
mol: 3.0,9 0,9
2x + 6y = 0,9.3 x = 0, 3 mol
Ta c h phng trnh :
64x + 32y = 30, 4 y = 0,35 mol
Ba2+ + SO42- BaSO4
mol: 0,35 0,35
Cu + 2OH- Cu(OH)2
2+
mol: 0,3 0,3

Vy m = 0,35.233 + 0,3.98 = 110,95 gam.
p n B.
V d 6: Cho 8,3 gam hn hp X gm Al, Fe (c t l mol l 1 : 1) vo 100 ml dung dch Y gm
Cu(NO3)2 v AgNO3. Sau khi phn ng kt thc thu c cht rn A gm 3 kim loi. Ha tan hon
ton cht rn A vo dung dch HCl d thy c 1,12 lt kh thot ra (ktc) v cn li 28 gam cht rn
khng tan B. Nng CM ca Cu(NO3)2 v ca AgNO3 ln lt l :
A. 2M v 1M. B. 1M v 2M. C. 0,2M v 0,1M. D. kt qu khc.
Hng dn gii
Th t oxi ha : Al > Fe; Th t kh : Ag+ > Cu2+.
8,3
Theo gi thit ta c : nAl = nFe = = 0,1 mol.
83
t n AgNO3 = x mol v n Cu( NO3 )2 = y mol .
Gi thit hn hp X tc dng vi dung dch Y to ra cht rn A gm 3 kim loi, suy ra l
Ag, Cu, Fe. Vy Al ht, Fe cha phn ng hoc cn d. Hn hp hai mui phn ng ht.
Ha tan A trong HCl d th ch c Fe phn ng, 28 gam cht rn B l Ag v Cu.
Vy cht kh l Al, Fe; cht oxi ha l Ag+, Cu2+, H+.
Qu trnh oxi ha :
Al Al3+ + 3e Fe Fe2+ + 2e
mol : 0,1 0,3 0,1 0,2
Qu trnh kh :
Ag+ + 1e Ag Cu2+ + 2e Cu 2H+ + 2e H2
mol : x x x y 2y y 0,1 0,05
Theo nh lut bo ton electron, ta c phng trnh :
x + 2y + 0,1 = 0,5 hay x + 2y = 0,4 (1)
Mt khc, cht rn B khng tan l Ag: x mol ; Cu: y mol 108x + 64y = 28 (2)
Gii h (1), (2) ta c x = 0,2 mol ; y = 0,1 mol.
0, 2 0,1
[ AgNO3 ] = = 2M ; [ Cu(NO3 )2 ] = = 1M.
0,1 0,1
p n B.
V d 7: Cho 1,82 gam hn hp bt X gm Cu v Ag (t l s mol tng ng 4 : 1) vo 30 ml dung
dch gm H2SO4 0,5M v HNO3 2M, sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c a mol kh
NO (sn phm kh duy nht ca N+5). Trn a mol NO trn vi 0,1 mol O2 thu c hn hp kh Y.
Cho ton b Y tc dng vi H2O, thu c 150 ml dung dch c pH = z. Gi tr ca z l :
A. 1. B. 3. C. 2. D. 4.
Hng dn gii
nCu = 0,02 mol; nAg = 0,005 mol. Suy ra tng s mol electron cho ti a = 0,02.2 + 0,005.1 =
0,045 mol.
n H+ = 0,09 mol; n NO = 0,06 mol.
3
+ -
4H + NO3 + 3e NO + 2H2O
mol: 0,06 0,015 0,045 0,015
Nh vy H+ v NO3- d, cn Ag, Cu phn ng ht.
+2 o +4 2 o +5
+ O2 + O2 , H 2O
S chuyn ha NO thnh HNO3 : N O N O2 H N O3
Nhn xt : 3.n NO < 4.n O2 nn O2 d, do NO chuyn ht thnh HNO3.
0, 015
Suy ra n HNO3 = n NO = 0, 015 mol [HNO3 ] = = 0,1M pH = 1.
0,15
p n A.
V d 8: Cho 0,87 gam hn hp gm Fe, Cu v Al vo bnh ng 300 ml dung dch H2SO4 0,1M.
Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 0,32 gam cht rn v c 448 ml kh (ktc) thot ra.
Thm tip vo bnh 0,425 gam NaNO3, khi cc phn ng kt thc th th tch kh NO (ktc, sn
phm kh duy nht) to thnh v khi lng mui trong dung dch l :
A. 0,224 lt v 3,750 gam. B. 0,112 lt v 3,750 gam.
C. 0,112 lt v 3,865 gam. D. 0,224 lt v 3,865 gam.
Hng dn gii
n H2SO4 = 0, 03 mol n H+ = 0, 06 mol, n SO 2 = 0, 03 mol.
4
n H = 0,02 mol n H+ p = 0, 04 mol n H+ d = 0, 02 mol.

2
nCu = 0,005 mol.

t nFe = x mol ; nAl = y mol, ta c :
56x + 27y = 0,55 x = 0,005

2x + 3y = 0,02.2 y = 0,01
Khi cho tip 0,005 mol NO3- vo bnh th s xy ra phn ng oxi ha Cu trc sau mi n
2+
Fe .
V t l mol H+ v NO3- l 4 : 1 ng bng t l phn ng v p dng nh lut bo ton eletron,
ta c : 2nCu + n Fe2+ p = 3n NO n Fe2+ p = 0,005 mol ng bng s mol Fe2+ trong dung dch nn
3
- + 2+
NO3 , H , Cu, Fe u ht.
n NO = n NO = 0,005 mol VNO = 0,112 lt.
3
Khi lng mui trong dung dch l :

m muoi = m (Al, Fe, Cu) + m SO 2 + m Na+ = 0,87 + 0,03.96 + 0,005.23 = 3,865 gam.
4
p n C.
10 iu lng ph nht trong cuc i

Trong hnh trnh to dng mt cuc i c ngha, nu bn l coi thng mt trong 10 iu thit
yu di y, coi nh bn t nh mt mt phn nha sng ca chnh mnh.
1. Sc khe : Lc cn tr, ngi ta thng li vo sc sng trn tr ang c. H lm vic nh
in, vui chi thu m, n ung khng iu .... C nh th, c th mt mi v lo ho nhanh.
Khi v gi, c nu ko sc kho th mun.
2. Thi gian : Mi thi khc "vng ngc" qua i l khng bao gi ly li c. Vy m khng him
k nm 8 gi lm vic qua ca s. Mi ngy, hy nhn li xem mnh lm c iu g. Nu cu
tr li l "khng"!, hy xem li qu thi gian ca bn nh!
3. Tin bc : Nhiu ngi h c tin l mua sm, tiu xi hoang ph trong pht chc. n khi cn
mt s tin nh, h cng phi i vay mn. Nhng ai khng bit tit kim tin bc, s khng bao
gi s hu c mt gia ti ln.
4. Tui tr : L qung thi gian m con ngi c nhiu sc kho v tr tu lm nhng iu ln
lao. Vy m c ngi qun mt iu ny. "Tr n chi, gi hi hn" l li khuyn dnh cho
nhng ai ph hoi tui thanh xun cho nhng tr v b.
5. Khng c sch : Sch truyn b vn minh. Khng c sch, lch s im lng, vn chng cm
ic, khoa hc t lit, t tng v suy xt ng. T sch, bn c th khm ph bit bao iu k
th trn khp th gii. Tht ph "na cuc i" cho nhng ai cha bao gi bit c sch l g!
6. C hi : C hi l iu khng d dng n vi chng ta trong i. Mt c may c th bin bn
thnh gim c thnh t hay mt t ph lm tin. Nu th vn may vt khi tm tay, bn kh
c th tin v pha trc.
7. Nhan sc : L v kh li hi nht ca ph n. C nhan sc, bn s t tin v chim c nhiu u
th hn so vi ngi khc. Tuy nhin, "tui th" ca nhan sc c hn. Tht hoang ph khi sc p
xung dc. Hy chm sc mnh ngay t by gi.
8. Sng c thn : Ph n ngy nay theo tro lu "ch ngha c thn". Thc t l khi sng mt
mnh, bn rt c n v d cm thy thiu vng vng tay yu thng ca chng con. Bn bu gia
nh chnh l mt nim vui. Sng c thn, bn lng ph tnh cm p y.
9. Khng i du lch : Mt v nhn tng ni: "Khi i du lch v, con ngi ta ln thm v chc
chn mt iu l tri t phi nh li". V th, nu cho rng i du lch ch lm hoang ph thi gian
v tin bc, bn hy ngh li nh!
10. Khng hc tp : Mt ngi lun bit trau di kin thc s d thnh cng hn ngi ch bit t
mn vi nhng g mnh bit. Nu khng hc hnh, bn ang lng ph b c y!

BI 3 : S IN PHN
A. TM TT L THUYT
I. nh ngha
in phn l qu trnh oxi ho - kh xy ra trn b mt cc in cc khi cho dng in mt
chiu i qua dung dch cht in li hoc cht in li trng thi nng chy.
S in phn l qu trnh s dng in nng to ra s bin i ha hc.
V d: in phn NaCl nng chy iu ch Na.
pnc
2NaCl 2Na + Cl2
in cc: L thanh kim loi hoc cc vt dn in khc nh cacbon (graphit), nh n cc
electron chuyn t dung dch trong bnh in phn vo mch in hoc ngc li, chuyn t mch
in vo dung dch.
+ in cc ni vi cc m () ca ngun in c gi l catot - cc m.
+ in cc ni vi cc dng (+) ca ngun in c gi l anot - cc dng.
in cc tr : L in cc ch ng vai tr cht dn in, khng tham gia cho nhn electron
(oxi ho - kh) trong qu trnh in phn. l in cc platin (Pt), cacbon (graphit).
Trn b mt catot, cation ca cht in li n nhn electron.
(tng qut: Cht oxi ho n nhn electron).
Xt v d trn: Na+ + 1e Na
Vy trn catot xy ra s kh, c s chuyn electron t in cc n cation cht in li.
Trn b mt anot, anion ca cht in li n nhng electron.
(tng qut: Cht kh nhng electron).
Cng xt v d trn : 2Cl Cl2 + 2e
Vy trn anot xy ra s oxi ho, c s chuyn electron t anion ca cht in li ti b mt in
cc.
II. S in phn cht in li
1. in phn nng chy
in phn nng chy thng dng iu ch cc kim loi hot ng mnh nh kim loi
kim, kim th, nhm v mt s phi kim nh F2.
V d 1 : in phn Al2O3 nng chy iu ch Al.
o
Al2O3 t
2Al3+ + 3O2-
catot (cc m) : 4Al3+ + 12e 4Al (1)
anot (cc dng) : 6O2- 3O2 + 12e (2)
pnc
2Al2O3 4Al + 3O2 (3)
(1), (2) l cc phn ng xy ra trn b mt cc in cc, (3) l phn ng in phn tng qut.
Khng th in phn nng chy AlCl3 v l hp cht cng ha tr, nhit cao n khng
nng chy thnh ion m thng hoa.
V d 2 : in phn MgCl2 nng chy iu ch Mg.
o
MgCl2 t
Mg2+ + 2Cl-
catot : Mg2+ + 2e Mg
anot : 2Cl- Cl2 + 2e
pnc
MgCl2 Mg + Cl2
V d 3 : in phn nng chy NaOH

NaOH Na+ + OH-
catot : 2Na+ + 2e 2Na
1
anot : 2OH- O2 + H2O + 2e
2
pnc 1
2NaOH Na + O2 + H2O
2
2. in phn dung dch cht in li
a. Nguyn tc: Khi in phn dung dch nc, ngoi cc ion ca cht in li cn c th c cc ion
H+ v ion OH ca nc v bn thn kim loi lm in cc tham gia cc qu trnh oxi ho - kh
in cc. Khi qu trnh oxi ho - kh thc t xy ra ph thuc vo tnh oxi ho - kh mnh hay
yu ca cc cht trong bnh in phn. Ta xt trng hp in phn dung dch vi in cc tr.
Th t kh catot :
Ni chung, nu kim loi c tnh kh cng yu th cation kim loi c tnh oxi ho cng mnh v
cng d b kh.
+ Khi in phn dung dch nc, thng nhng kim loi no ng sau nhm s thot ra trn
catot: Mn+ + ne M
+ Nu trong dung dch cht in li ch c cation ca kim loi c tnh kh mnh (t K+ n
Al3+), nhng cation ny l nhng cht oxi ho yu, chng kh b kh hn cc phn t nc. Khi ,
catot xy ra s kh cc phn t nc thnh kh hiro v ion OH:
2H2O 2H+ + 2OH
2H+ + 2e H2
2H2O + 2e H2 + 2OH
- Th t kh ti catot (cc m) xy ra theo th t u tin t phi qua tri :
Xt cc cation
K+ Na+ Mg2+ Al3+ H2O Zn2+ Fe2+ Ni2+ H+ Cu2+ Fe3+ Ag+ ...
Cc ion khng b in phn Cc ion b in phn trong dung dch

trong dung dch
Th t oxi ho anot:
Ni chung, nhng phi kim c tnh oxi ho cng yu th anion ca n c tnh kh cng mnh v
cng d b oxi ho.
Thng khi in phn dung dch nc, th t phng in (in phn) ca cc anion nh sau :
+ Nu trong dung dch cht in li c anion gc axit khng c oxi (S2, I, Br, Cl...).
Nhng ion ny d b oxi ho hn so vi phn t nc. Thc t trn anot ch xy ra s oxi ho cc
ion ny thnh nguyn t (phn t) t do: S2 S + 2e
2X X2 + 2e
+ Nu trong dung dch cht in li ch c anion gc axit c oxi (SO42, NO3, ClO4...),
nhng anion ny kh b oxi ho hn cc phn t nc. Do vy trn anot ch xy ra s oxi ho cc
phn t nc to ra kh oxi v ion H+: 4H2O 4H+ + 4OH
4OH O2 + 2H2O + 4e
2H2O O2 + 4H+ + 4e

- Th t oxi ha ti anot (cc dng) xy ra theo th t u tin t tri qua phi :

Xt cc anion
M S2 I Br Cl OH SO42, NO3, ClO4

(Anot tan)
4OH O2+ 2H2O + 4e Cc ion khng b in
Cc ion b in phn
n+
M M + ne trong dung dch phn trong dung dch
S2- S + 2e 2H2O O2 + 4H+ + 4e
2X X2 + 2e
- Cc ion tiu biu: Cation Na+ Cu2+ H+
Anion OH Cl SO42
- Cc cht tiu biu : CuCl2 , CuSO4 , NaCl , NaOH , H2SO4 , Na2SO4.
b. Cc trng hp c th:
in phn dung dch mui ca axit khng c oxi (HCl, HBr...) vi cc kim loi t sau nhm.
V d: + in phn dung dch CuCl2.
CuCl2 Cu2+ + 2Cl
H2O H+ + OH
Ti catot (): 1 Cu2+ + 2e Cu
Ti anot (+): 1 2Cl Cl2 + 2e
Phng trnh ion: Cu2+ + 2Cl
pdd
Cu + Cl2
(catot) (anot)
pdd
Phng trnh phn t : CuCl2 Cu + Cl2
in phn dung dch mui ca axit c oxi (H2SO4, HNO3...) vi cc kim loi t sau nhm.
V d: in phn dung dch CuSO4 , in cc tr.
CuSO4 Cu2+ + SO42
H2O H+ + OH
Ti catot (): 2 Cu2+ + 2e Cu
Ti anot (+): 1 2H2O O2 + 4H+ + 4e
Phng trnh ion : 2Cu2+ + 2H2O
pdd
2Cu + O2 + 4H+
(catot) (anot)
pdd
Phng trnh phn t: 2CuSO4 + 2H2O 2Cu + O2 + 2H2SO4
in phn dung dch mui ca axit khng c oxi (HCl, HBr...) vi cc kim loi t nhm tr v
trc (Al3+, Mg2+, Na+, Ca2+, K+).
V d: in phn dung dch NaCl c mng ngn.
NaCl Na+ + Cl
H2O H+ + OH
Ti catot (): 1 2H2O + 2e H2 + 2OH
Ti anot (+): 1 2Cl Cl2 + 2e
Phng trnh ion : 2Cl + 2H2O
pdd
2OH + H2 + Cl2
pdd co mang ngan

Phng trnh phn t : 2NaCl + 2H2O 2NaOH + H2 + Cl2
(catot) (anot)
Nu khng c mng ngn, Cl2 sinh ra s tc dng vi NaOH to thnh nc Gia-ven :
2NaOH + Cl2 NaCl + NaClO + H2O
in phn nc:
+ in phn dung dch kim (NaOH, KOH...):
NaOH Na+ + OH
H2O H+ + OH
Ti catot (): 2 2H2O + 2e H2 + 2OH
Ti anot (+): 1 4OH O2 + 2H2O + 4e
pdd
Phng trnh in phn: 2H2O 2H2 + O2
(catot) (anot)
+ in phn dung dch cc axit c oxi (v d H2SO4 long...):
H2SO4 2H+ + SO42
H2O H+ + OH
Ti catot (): 2 2H+ + 2e H2
Ti anot (+): 1 2H2O O2 + 4H+ + 4e
pdd
Phng trnh in phn: 2H2O 2H2 + O2
(catot) (anot)
in phn dung dch mui ca cc axit c oxi (H2SO4, HClO4...) vi cc kim loi t nhm tr v
trc (K+, Na+, Ca2+...):
V d: in phn dung dch Na2SO4:
Na2SO4 2Na+ + SO42
H2O H+ + OH
Ti catot (): 2 2H2O + 2e H2 + 2OH
Ti anot (+): 1 2H2O O2 + 4H+ + 4e
pdd
Phng trnh ion: 2H2O 2H2 + O2
(catot) (anot)
(Trong qu trnh in phn, nng ion H3O+ khu vc anot tng v nng OH tng khu
vc catot. Do , khu vc anot c phn ng axit cn khu vc catot c phn ng kim).
Nhn xt : Trong cc trng hp in phn dung dch mui Na2SO4, axit H2SO4, baz kim
NaOH... bn cht l s in phn nc. Khi mui, axit, kim ch ng vai tr cht dn in.
Lng cht (s mol) cc cht trong dung dch khng thay i (nng cc cht tng dn do nc
b in phn, th tch dung dch gim).
(Ch :-Trong dung dch in li nu c ion F v nc th H2O s b in phn.
-Nu c ion R-COO khi b in phn: 2R-COO 2e = R-R + 2CO2 ).
c. in phn hn hp
+Nu trong dung dch cht in li c cha nhiu ion ca nhng kim loi khc nhau (c nng
mol bng nhau) th catot s xy ra s kh nhng ion kim loi ny theo trnh t sau: Ion kim loi
no c tnh oxi ho mnh hn (ng sau trong dy th in ho) s b kh trc.

+ Nu trong dung dch cht in li c nhng anion gc axit khc nhau cng khng cha oxi nh:
Br , Cl, S2, I (c cng nng mol) th anion no c tnh kh mnh hn s b oxi ho trc. Trn

anot s xy ra s oxi ho nhng anion trn theo trnh t:

S2, I , Br, Cl.
V d: in phn dung dch cha hn hp cc mui KBr, FeCl3, CuCl2, FeCl2. Hy vit th t
cc phn ng xy ra ti cc in cc.
Phng trnh phn li:
KBr K+ + Br
FeCl3 Fe3+ + 3Cl
CuCl2 Cu2+ + 2Cl
FeCl2 Fe2+ + 2Cl
H2O H+ + OH
Th t in phn ti catot: (Cc m) Th t in phn ti anot: (Cc dng)

3+
Fe + 1e Fe 2+
2Br Br2 + 2e
Cu2+ + 2e Cu 2Cl Cl2 + 2e
Fe2+ + 2e Fe
s kh nc 2H2O + 2e H2 + 2OH s oxi ho nc 2H2O O2 + 4H+ + 4e
3. in phn vi anot (dng cc) tan
Nu khi in phn ta dng anot bng kim loi hoc hp kim th lc anot b tan dn do kim
loi b oxi ho thnh ion kim loi.
V d: Khi in phn dung dch CuSO4 nu thay cc dng (anot) tr (Pt hay than ch) bng bn
ng th sn phm ca s in phn s khc.
CuSO4 Cu2+ + SO42
H2O H+ + OH
Ti catot (): Cu2+ + 2e Cu
Ti anot (Cu) (+): Cu Cu2+ + 2e
Cu2+ (dd) + Cu (r) Cu (r) + Cu2+ (dd)
(anot-tan) (catot-bm)
Kt qu: Cu kim loi kt ta cc m (catot), khi lng catot tng, cc dng (anot) tan ra,
khi lng anot gim, nng ion Cu2+ v SO42 trong dung dch khng bin i. Kt qu nh l
s vn chuyn Cu t anot sang catot.
Trong cng nghip, ngi ta li dng tnh tan ca cc dng khi in phn tinh ch cc kim
loi, nht l ng v m kim loi. Chng hn mun m mt kim loi ln trn mt vt no ,
ngi ta vt cc m (catot) ri in phn dung dch mui ca kim loi vi cc dng (anot)
lm bng chnh kim loi .
4. nh lng trong in phn
AIt
Cng thc Faraday : m =
nF
Trong :
m : Khi lng cht thu c in cc (gam)
A : Khi lng mol ca cht thu c in cc
F : Hng s Faraay c gi tr bng 96500.
n : S electron m nguyn t hoc ion cho hoc nhn (s electron trao i)

I : Cng dng in (ampe)
t : Thi gian in phn (giy)
m It
T cng thc Faraday ta c th bin i thnh : .n =
A F
So mol

So mol electron trao oi
It
Vy ta c : n electron trao oi =
F
V n l bn chu!
Ti nghe cu chuyn ny Vit Nam v ngi ta bo l s tht. Ti khng bit iu c tht

hay khng; nhng ti bit nhng iu k l hn th xy ra t nc ny.
John Mansur
Cho d c nh trc, nhng khi b tng vn ri xung tri tr m ci trong mt lng nh.
Mt, hai a tr b cht ngay lp tc. Rt nhiu em khc b thng, trong c mt b gi khong
tm tui.
Dn lng yu cu th trn ln cn lin lc vi lc lng qun i Hoa K gip v mt y t.
Cui cng, mt bc s v mt y t ngi M mang dng c n. H ni rng b gi b thng rt
nng, nu khng c x l kp thi n s cht v b sc v mt mu.
Phi truyn mu ngay. Ngi cho mu phi c cng nhm mu vi b gi. Mt cuc th mu nhanh
cho thy khng c ai trong hai ngi M c nhm mu , nhng phn ln nhng a tr m ci b
thng li c.
Ngi bc s ni vi ting Vit l l, cn c y t th ni t ting Php lm bm. H kt hp vi nhau
v dng iu b, c ch c gii thch cho bn tr ang s hi rng nu h khng kp thi truyn mu
cho b gi th chc chn n s cht. V vy, h hi c em no tnh nguyn cho mu khng.
p li li yu cu l s yn lng cng vi nhng i mt m to. Mt vi giy tri qua, mt cnh
tay chm chp, run ry gi ln, h xung, ri li gi ln.
- , cm n. Chu tn g? c y t ni bng ting Php.
- Hn cu b tr li.
H nhanh chng t Hn ln cng, xoa cn ln cnh tay v cho kim vo tnh mch. Hn nm im
khng ni li no.
Mt lt sau, cu b nc ln, song n nhanh chng ly cnh tay cn li che mt.
Ngi bc s hi C au khng Hn?. Hn lc u nhng ch vi giy sau li c ting nc khc.
Mt ln na, cu b c chng t l mnh khng khc. Bc s hi kim c lm n au khng, nhng
cu b li lc u.
By gi th ting nc cch qung nhng ch cho ting khc thm, u u. Mt nhm nghin li,
cu b t nguyn c nm tay vo ming ngn khng cho nhng ting nc thot ra.
Cc nhn vin y t tr nn lo lng. R rng l c iu g khng n ri. Va lc , mt n y t
ngi Vit n. Thy r v cng thng trn mt cu b, ch nhanh chng ni chuyn vi n, nghe n
hi v tr li bng mt ging ht sc nh nhng.
Sau mt lc, cu b ngng khc v nhn ch y t bng nh mt t v hoi nghi. Ch y t gt u. V
mt cu ta nhanh chng tr nn nh nhm.
Ch y t kh gii thch vi nhng ngi M: Cu b c ngh l mnh sp cht. N hiu nhm. N
ngh cc v mun n cho ht mu cu sng b gi kia.
- Vy ti sao n li t nguyn cho mu? ngi y t lc qun hi
Ch y t ngi Vit phin dch cu hi li cho cu b v nhn c cu tr li rt n gin: V n
l bn chu.

B. Phng php gii bi tp in phn

Phng php gii
- Bc 1 : Tnh s mol electron trao i trong qu trnh in phn (nu bi cho bit thi
gian in phn v cng dng in).
It
nelectron trao i =
96500
Trong : I l cng dng in tnh bng ampe ; t l thi gian in phn tnh bng giy.
- Bc 2 : Xc nh th t kh trn catot, th t oxi ha trn anot ca cc ion v H2O ; Vit
qu trnh kh trn catot v oxi ha trn anot theo ng th t u tin.
- Bc 3 : p dng nh lut bo ton electron cho qu trnh in phn :
S mol electron trao i = S mol electron m cc ion dng v H2O nhn catot = S mol
electron m cc ion m v H2O nhng anot.
Lu :
Phn ng in phn nc trn cc in cc :
+ Ti anot : 2H2O 4H+ + O2 + 4e
+ Ti catot : 2H2O + 2e H2 + 2OH-
Trong qu trnh in phn, khi lng dung dch gim bng khi lng ca cc kh thot ra v
kim loi sinh ra bm vo in cc.
Cc v d minh ha
Dng 1 : in phn nng chy
V d 1: in phn nng chy a gam mui A to bi kim loi M v halogen X thu c 0,96 gam
M catot v 0,896 lt kh anot. Mt khc ho tan a gam mui A vo nc ri cho dung dch trn
tc dng vi AgNO3 d c 11,48 gam kt ta. X l halogen no ?
A. F. B. Cl. C. Br. D. I.
Hng dn gii
Gi cng thc ca mui A l MXn vi s mol l b, ta c phn ng :
pnc
2MXn 2M +
nX2
nb
mol : b b
2
MXn + nAgNO3 M(NO3)2 + nAgX
mol : b nb
nb 0, 896
= = 0, 04
Suy ra : 2 22, 4 X=35,5. Vy halogen l clo.
nb(108 + X) = 11, 48

p n B.

V d 2: in phn nng chy Al2O3 vi anot than ch (hiu sut in phn 100%) thu c m kg
Al catot v 67,2 m3 (ktc) hn hp kh X c t khi so vi hiro bng 16. Ly 2,24 lt (ktc) hn
hp kh X sc vo dung dch nc vi trong (d) thu c 2 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l :
A. 54,0. B. 75,6. C. 67,5. D. 108,0.
Hng dn gii
Cch 1 :
Phng trnh phn ng :
pnc
2Al2O3 4Al + 3O2
o
t
C + O2 CO2
o
t
2C + O2 2CO
CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O
mol: 0,02 0,02
Trong qu trnh in phn nng chy oxit nhm, anot gii phng kh O2, oxi sinh ra s phn
ng vi anot than ch to ra CO, CO2 v c th c O2 d.
t s mol ca CO, CO2, O2 d trong 67,2 m3 hn hp kh X l x, y, z ta c :
67,2.1000
x+y+z = = 3000 (1)
22, 4
Mt khc t khi ca X vi hiro l 16 nn suy ra :
28x + 44y + 32z
= 16.2 = 32 (2)
x+y+z
Thnh phn phn trm v s mol ca CO2 trong hn hp l :
y 0,02
= (3)
x+y+z 0,1
x = 1800

T (1), (2), (3) ta c : y = 600
z = 600

n O trong Al O = n CO + 2.n CO + 2.n O = 1800 + 2.600 + 2.600 = 4200 mol .
2 3 2 2
Trong oxit nhm :

n Al 2 2
= n Al = .n O = 2800 mol m Al = 2800.27 = 75600 gam = 75,6 kg.
nO 3 3
Cch 2 :
M X = 16.2 = 32 gam / mol Hn hp X c CO, CO2 v cn c th c O2 d.
V khi lng mol ca O2 l 32 m khi lng mol trung bnh ca hn hp X cng l 32 nn
suy ra khi lng mol trung bnh ca hn hp CO v CO2 cng bng 32.
p dng s ng cho cho hn hp CO v CO2 ta c :
n 28 44 32 = 12
CO
n CO 12 3
32 = =
32 28 = 4 n CO 4 1
n CO 44 2
2

0,02
%CO2 = = 20% %CO = 60%, %O2 = 20% .
0,1
T suy ra trong 3000 mol hn hp c 600 mol CO2, 1800 mol CO v 600 mol O2.
p n B.
Dng 2 : in phn dung dch
a. in phn dung dch cha mt cht tan
S dng phn ng xy ra trn cc in cc v nh lut bo ton electron
V d 1: in phn 200 ml dung dch CuSO4 vi cng dng in l 1,93A ti khi catot bt u
c bt kh thot ra th dng li, cn thi gian l 250 giy. Th tch kh thu c anot (ktc) l :
A. 28 ml. B. 0,28 ml. C. 56 ml. D. 280 ml.
Hng dn gii
1,93.250
nelectron trao i = = 0, 005 mol.
96500
Phn ng xy ra ti anot :
2H2O 4H+ + O2 + 4e
0, 005
Kh thot ra anot l O2, s mol kh O2 l = 0,00125 mol, th tch kh O2 l :
4
VO = 0, 00125.22,4 = 0, 028 lt = 28 ml.
2
p n A.
V d 2: Ha tan 13,68 gam mui MSO4 vo nc c dung dch X. in phn X (vi in cc
tr, cng dng in khng i) trong thi gian t giy, c y gam kim loi M duy nht catot
v 0,035 mol kh anot. Cn nu thi gian in phn l 2t giy th tng s mol kh thu c c
hai in cc l 0,1245 mol. Gi tr ca y l :
A. 4,480. B. 3,920. C. 1,680. D. 4,788.
Hng dn gii
in phn X (vi in cc tr, cng dng in khng i) trong thi gian t giy :
p dng bo ton electron ta c :
4.n O = 2.n M2+ n M2+ = 0, 07 mol n M = 0, 07 mol.
2
in phn X (vi in cc tr, cng dng in khng i) trong thi gian 2t giy :
n O = 2.0, 035 = 0, 07 mol n H = 0, 0545 mol M 2 + b in phn ht.
2 2

4.n O = 2.n M2+ + 2.n H n M2+ = 0, 0855 mol n M = 0, 0855 mol.
2 2
13,68
M + 96 = = 160 M = 64 (Cu).
0, 0855
Vy y =64.0,07 = 4,48 gam.
p n A.

S dng phn ng in phn dng phn t

V d 3: Ngi ta iu ch H2 v O2 bng phng php in phn dung dch NaOH vi in cc
tr, cng dng in 0,67A trong thi gian 40 gi. Dung dch thu c sau in phn c khi
lng 100 gam v nng NaOH l 6%. Nng dung dch NaOH trc in phn l (gi thit
lng nc bay hi khng ng k)
A. 5,08%. B. 6,00%. C. 5,50%. D. 3,16%.
Hng dn gii
Bn cht ca phn ng in phn dung dch NaOH l phn ng in phn nc.
0,67.40.3600
Ta c : n e t = 2n H = 4n O = = 1 mol n H = 0,5 mol.
2 2
96500 2
Phng trnh phn ng :

2H2O 2H2 + O2 (1)
mol: 0,5 0,5
Vy nng phn trm ca dung dch NaOH trc in phn l :
100.6%
C%NaOH = .100 = 5,5%.
100 + 0,5.18
p n C.
V d 4: in phn (vi in cc tr) 200 ml dung dch CuSO4 nng x mol/l, sau mt thi gian
thu c dung dch Y vn cn mu xanh, c khi lng gim 8 gam so vi dung dch ban u. Cho
16,8 gam bt Fe vo Y, sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 12,4 gam kim loi. Gi tr
ca x l
A. 2,25. B. 1,5. C. 1,25. D. 3,25.
Hng dn gii
Phng trnh phn ng :
pdd
2CuSO4 + 2 H2O 2Cu + 2H2SO4 + O2 (1)
mol : 2a 2a 2a a
Theo (1) v gi thit ta c : 2a.64 + 32a = 8 a = 0,05 mol
Fe + H2SO4 FeSO4 + H2 (2)
mol : 0,1 0,1
Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu (3)
mol : b b
16,8 (0,1 + b).56 + 64b = 12,4 b = 0,15 mol
0, 25
Vy tng s mol ca CuSO4 ban u l : 2a + b = 0,25 mol x = = 1, 25M .
0, 2
p n C.

V d 5: in phn 150 ml dung dch AgNO3 1M vi in cc tr trong t gi, cng dng in

khng i 2,68A (hiu sut qu trnh in phn l 100%), thu c cht rn X, dung dch Y v kh
Z. Cho 12,6 gam Fe vo Y, sau khi cc phn ng kt thc thu c 14,5 gam hn hp kim loi v
kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht ca N+5). Gi tr ca t l :
A. 0.8. B. 0,3. C. 1,0. D. 1,2.
Hng dn gii
Phng trnh phn ng in phn :
4AgNO3 + 2H2O 4Ag + 4HNO3 + O2
mol: x x
T phn ng in phn suy ra s mol ca HNO3 bng s mol ca AgNO3 phn ng.
t s mol ca AgNO3 tham gia phn ng in phn v AgNO3 d l x v y, ta c :
x + y = 0,15.
Dung dch Y gm x mol HNO3 v y mol AgNO3.
Cho Fe vo dung dch Y sau phn ng thu c hn hp kim loi nn Fe d, mui st trong
dung dch l Fe(II).
Qu trnh oxi ha - kh :
4H+ + NO3- + 3e NO + 2H2O
mol: x 0,75x
+
Ag + e Ag
mol: y y y
Fe Fe2+ + 2e
mol: (0,375x + 0,5y) (0,75x + y)
Cn c vo gi thit, cc qu trnh oxi ha - kh v nh lut bo ton electron ta c :
12, 6 (0,375x + 0, 5y).56 + 108y = 14,5
Gii phng trnh tm c x= 0,1; y = 0,05
96500.0,1
Thi gian in phn l : = 3600s = 1h.
2, 68
b. in phn dung dch cha hn hp cc cht tan
S dng phn ng xy ra trn cc in cc v nh lut bo ton electron
V d 1: Cho mt dng in c cng dng in khng i i qua 2 bnh in phn mc ni tip,
bnh 1 cha 100 ml dung dch CuSO4 0,01M, bnh 2 cha 100 ml dung dch AgNO3 0,01M. Bit
rng sau thi gian in phn 500 giy th bn bnh 2 xut hin kh bn catot. Cng I, khi lng
Cu bm bn catot v th tch kh (ktc) xut hin bn anot ca bnh 1 l :
A. 0,193A; 0,032 gam Cu; 5,6 ml O2. B. 0,193A; 0,032 gam Cu; 11,2 ml O2.
C. 0,386A; 0,64 gam Cu; 22,4 ml O2. D. 0,193A; 0,032 gam Cu; 22,4 ml O2.
Hng dn gii:
Khi cho dng in 1 chiu i qua 2 bnh in phn mc ni tip th s mol electron trao i ti
qua cc bnh in phn l nh nhau.
Theo gi thit th sau 500 giy th bnh 2 AgNO3 b in phn ht nn :
96500.0, 001
nelectron trao i = n Ag+ = 0,001 mol Cng dng in I = = 0,193A.
500
0, 001
bnh 1 : Khi lng Cu bm vo catot l .64 = 0, 032 gam .
2
0, 001
Th tch O2 l .22, 4 = 5, 6 ml.
4
p n A.
V d 2: in phn (in cc tr) dung dch X cha 0,2 mol CuSO4 v 0,12 mol NaCl bng dng
in c cng 2A. Th tch kh (ktc) thot ra anot sau 9650 giy in phn l :
A. 2,240 lt. B. 2,912 lt. C. 1,792 lt. D. 1,344 lt.
Hng dn gii
-
Th t oxi ha trn anot : Cl > H2O
2.9650
nelectron trao i = = 0, 2 mol
96500
Cc qu trnh oxi ha :
2Cl- Cl2 + 2e
mol : 0,12 0,06 0,12
2H2O 4H+ + O2 + 4e
mol : 0,02 (0,2 0,12)
Th tch kh (ktc) thot ra anot l (0,06 + 0,02).22,4 = 1,792 lt.
p n A.
V d 3: in phn c mng ngn 500 ml dung dch cha hn hp gm CuCl2 0,1M v NaCl 0,5M
(in cc tr, hiu sut in phn 100%) vi cng dng in 5A trong 3860 giy. Dung dch
thu c sau in phn c kh nng ho tan m gam Al. Gi tr ln nht ca m l :
A. 4,05. B. 2,70. C. 1,35. D. 5,40.
Hng dn gii
-
Th t kh trn caot : Cu2+ > H2O
5.3860
nelectron trao i = = 0, 2 mol > 2. n Cu 2+ = 0,1 mol nn Cu2+ ht v catot nc b in
96500
phn mt phn.
Phn ng in phn ti catot :
Cu2+ + 2e Cu
mol : 0,05 0,1
2H2O + 2e H2 + 2OH-
mol : (0,2 0,1) 0,1
Phn ng ca nhm vi dung dch sau in phn :
2Al + 2H2O + 2OH- 3H2 + 2AlO2-
mol : 0,1 0,1
Khi lng Al phn ng l 0,1.27 = 2,7 gam.
p n B.

V d 4: in phn 200 ml dung dch Y gm KCl 0,1M v Cu(NO3)2 0,2M vi cng dng in
5A trong thi gian 1158 giy, in cc tr, mng ngn xp. Gi s nc bay hi khng ng k.
gim khi lng ca dung dch sau khi in phn l :
Hng dn gii
-
Th t kh trn caot : Cu2+ > H2O
5.1158
96500
Ta thy : nelectron trao i > n Cl nn ti anot Cl- v H2O b oxi ha.
nelectron trao i < 2. n Cu 2+ nn ti catot ch c Cu2+ b kh.
Qu trnh oxi ha :
2Cl- Cl2 + 2e
mol : 0,02 0,01 0,02
2H2O 4H+ + O2 + 4e
mol : 0,01 (0,06 0,02) = 0,04
Qu trnh oxi kh :
Cu2+ + 2e Cu
mol : 0,06 0,03
gim khi lng ca dung dch sau khi in phn bng tng khi lng cc sn phm kh
thot ra trn cc in cc v khi lng kim loi bm vo catot l :
mgim = m Cl2 + m O2 + m Cu = 0,01.71 + 0,01.32 + 0,03.64 = 2,95 gam.
p n D.
V d 5: in phn 100 ml hn hp dung dch gm Fe(NO3)3 1M, Cu(NO3)31M v HCl 2M vi
in cc tr c mng ngn xp cng dng in l 5A trong 2 gi 40 pht 50 giy. Gi s nc
bay hi khng ng k. gim khi lng ca dung dch sau khi in phn l :
Hng dn gii
-
Th t kh trn caot : Fe3+ > Cu2+ > Fe2+ > H2O
5.(2.3600 + 40.60 + 50)
96500
Qu trnh kh trn catot:
Fe3+ + 1e Fe2+
mol : 0,1 0,1 0,1
Cu2+ + 2e Cu
mol : 0,1 0,2 0,1
2H+ + 2e H2
mol : 0,2 0,2 0,1
Nh vy ti catot va kh ht H+ ca HCl.

Qu trnh oxi ha :
2Cl- Cl2 + 2e
mol : 0,2 0,1 0,2
2H2O 4H+ + O2 + 4e
mol : 0,075 (0,5 0,2) = 0,3
-
Nh vy ti anot Cl b oxi ha ht, H2O b oxi ha mt phn.
gim khi lng ca dung dch sau khi in phn l :
mgim = m Cl2 + m H2 + mO2 + m Cu = 0,1.71 + 0,1.2 + 0,075.32 + 0,1.64 = 16,1 gam.
p n C.
V d 6: Ho tan 55,6 gam tinh th FeSO4.7H2O vo 200 ml dung dch HCl 0,6M c dung dch
A. Tin hnh in phn dung dch Avi dng in c cng 1,34A trong bn gi. Tnh khi
lng kim loi thot ra catot v th tch kh (ktc) thu c anot. Bit hiu sut in phn l
100%.
A. 5,6 gam v 2,24 lt. B. 5,6 gam v 1,792 lt.
C. 2,24 gam v 1,792 lt. D. 2,24 gam v 2,24 lt.
Hng dn gii
S mol FeSO4 = s mol tinh th FeSO4.7H2O ban u = 55,6 : 278 = 0,2 mol. S mol HCl ban
u = 0,12 mol.
Th t oxi ha trn anot : Cl- > H2O
Th t kh trn caot : H+ > Fe2+ > H2O
1, 34.4.60.60
nelectron trao i = = 0, 2 mol.
96500
Nhn xt : nelectron trao i > n H+ = 0,12 nn H+ b in phn ht, nelectron trao i < n H+ + 2. n Fe2+ =
0,52 nn Fe2+ ch b in phn mt phn ; nelectron trao i > n Cl = 0,12 nn Cl- b in phn ht v
anot nc b in phn mt phn.
Qu trnh kh ti catot :
2H+ + 2e H2
mol : 0,12 0,12 0,06
Fe2+ + 2e Fe
mol : (0,2 0,12) 0,04
Vy khi lng Fe thu c catot l 2,24 gam.
Qu trnh oxi ha ti anot :
2Cl- Cl2 + 2e
mol : 0,12 0,06 0,12
2H2O 4H+ + O2 + 4e
mol : 0,02 (0,2 0,12)
Th tch kh (ktc) thot ra anot l : (0,06 + 0,02).22,4 = 1,792 lt.
p n C.

S dng phn ng in phn dng phn t

V d 7: in phn dung dch gm 7,45 gam KCl v 28,2 gam Cu(NO3)2 (in cc tr, mng ngn
xp) n kh khi lng dung dch gim i 10,75 gam th ngng in phn (gi thit lng nc
bay hi khng ng k). Tt c cc cht tan trong dung dch sau in phn l :
A. KNO3 v KOH. B. KNO3, KCl v KOH.
C. KNO3 v Cu(NO3)2. D. KNO3, HNO3 v Cu(NO3)2.
Hng dn gii
n KCl = 0,1 mol, n Cu(NO = 0,15 mol.
3 )2
Ti anot, th t oxi ha : Cl- > H2O.

Ti catot, th t kh : Cu2+ > H2O.
2KCl + Cu(NO3)2 Cl2 + Cu + 2KNO3
mol: 0,1 0,05 0,05 0,05
Khi lng dung dch gim = 0,05.64 + 0,05.71 = 6,75 < 10,75. Suy ra Cu(NO3)2 tip tc b
in phn.
2H2O + 2Cu(NO3)2 O2 + 2Cu + 4HNO3
mol: 2x x 2x
Khi lng dung dch gim = 6,75 + 32x + 2x.64 = 10,75 x = 0,025
Tng s mol Cu(NO3)2 phn ng l 0,1 < 0,15, suy ra Cu(NO3)2 cn d.
Vy trong dung dch sau phn ng c cc cht : KNO3, HNO3 v Cu(NO3)2.
p n C.
V d 8: in phn dung dch cha m gam hn hp 2 mui CuSO4 v NaCl bng in cc tr n
khi nc b in phn c hai in cc th dng li. Dung dch thu c sau in phn hon tan
va 1,6 gam CuO v anot ca bnh in phn c 448 ml kh bay ra (ktc). Gi tr ca m l :
Hng dn gii
-
Ti anot, th t oxi ha : Cl > H2O.
Ti catot, th t kh : Cu2+ > H2O.
Cn c vo th t kh v oxi ha trn cc in cc ta thy : Lc u CuSO4 tham gia in phn
cng vi NaCl. Sau nu CuSO4 ht trc th NaCl s in phn cng vi nc, ngc li nu
NaCl ht trc th CuSO4 s in phn cng vi nc.
2NaCl + CuSO4 Cl2 + Cu + Na2SO4 (1)
mol: 2x x x
V dung dch sau in phn ha tan c 0,02 mol CuO nn suy ra dung dch ny phi c tnh
axit. Vy ngoi phn ng (1) cn c phn ng in phn CuSO4 cng vi H2O.
2H2O + 2CuSO4 O2 + 2Cu + 2H2SO4 (2)
mol: 2y y 2y
Phn ng ca CuO vi dung dch sau in phn :
CuO + H2SO4 H2O + CuSO4 (3)
mol: 2y 2y
Kh thot ra anot l Cl2 v O2 c tng s mol l 0,02 mol.

Vy theo cc phn ng v gi thit ta c :

x + y = 0,02 x = 0,01

2y = 0,02 y = 0,01
Tng khi lng CuSO4 v NaCl ban u l :
m = 2.0,01.58,5 + (0,01+0,01.2).160 = 5,97 gam.
p n C.
V d 9: in phn (cc in cc tr) 0,8 lt dung dch A cha HCl v Cu(NO3)2 vi cng dng
2,5 ampe. Sau thi gian t thu c 3,136 lt kh ( ktc) mt cht kh duy nht anot. Dung dch
sau in phn phn ng va vi 550 ml dung dch NaOH 0,8M v thu c 1,96 gam kt ta.
Tnh nng mol ca cc cht trong dung dch A v thi gian t.
Hng dn gii
-
Ti anot, th t oxi ha : Cl > H2O.
Ti catot, th t kh : Cu2+ > H+ > H2O.
Cn c vo th t oxi ha trn anot v gi thit ta thy 3,136 lt kh ( ktc) thot ra trn trn
anot l Cl2.
Phng trnh phn ng :
2HCl + Cu(NO3)2 Cl2 + Cu + 2HNO3 (1)
mol: 0,28 0,14 0,14 0,28
Dung dch sau phn ng in phn phn ng vi NaOH thu c kt ta chng t c Cu(NO3)2
d, ngoi ra cng c th cn HCl d.
HNO3 + NaOH NaNO3 + H2O (2)
mol: 0,28 0,28
HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O (3)
mol: x x
Cu(NO3)2 + 2NaOH 2NaNO3 + Cu(OH)2 (4)
mol: 0,02 0,04 0,02
Theo cc phn ng v gi thit ta c tng s mol ca NaOH tham gia phn ng l :
0,28 + x + 0,04 = 0,44 x = 0,12.
Vy nng mol ca cc cht trong dung dch A l :
0,12 + 0,28 0,14 + 0, 02
[HCl] = = 0,5M; [Cu(NO3 )2 ] = = 0,2M.
0,8 0,8
Thi gian in phn :
It 96500.0,14.2
n electron trao oi = va n electron trao oi = 2n Cl t = = 10808 giay.
96500 2
2,5

BI 4 : N MN KIM LOI
A. L THUYT
I. n mn kim loi
S n mn kim loi l s ph hu kim loi hoc hp kim do tc dng ca cc cht trong mi
trng xung quanh. l mt qu trnh ho hc hoc qu trnh in ho trong kim loi b oxi
ho thnh ion dng.
M Mn+ + ne
C hai kiu n mn kim loi l n mn ho hc v n mn in ho.
1. n mn ho hc
n mn ho hc l qu trnh oxi ho - kh, trong cc electron ca kim loi c chuyn trc
tip n cc cht trong mi trng.
My mc dng trong cc nh my ho cht, nhng thit b ca l t, ni hi, cc chi tit
ca ng c t trong b n mn do tc dng trc tip vi cc ho cht hoc vi hi nc
nhit cao. Nhit cng cao, kim loi b n mn cng nhanh.
2. n mn in ho hc (n mn in ha)
n mn in ho l qu trnh oxi ho - kh, trong kim loi b n mn do tc dng ca dung
dch cht in li v to nn dng electron chuyn di t cc m n cc dng.
a. Th nghim n mn in ho
Nhng thanh km v thanh ng khng tip xc vi nhau vo cc ng dung dch H2SO4 long.
Ni thanh km vi thanh ng bng dy dn cho i qua mt vn k. Kim vn k quay, chng t c
dng in chy qua. Thanh Zn b mn dn, thanh Cu c bt kh thot ra.
Gii thch : in cc m (anot), km b n mn theo phn ng :
Zn Zn2+ + 2e
Ion Zn2+ i vo dung dch, cn electron theo dy dn sang in cc ng.
in cc dng (catot), ion H+ ca dung dch H2SO4 nhn electron bin thnh nguyn t H
ri thnh phn t H2 thot ra :
2H+ + 2e H2
b. C ch n mn in ha st (hp kim st trong khng kh m)
Ly s n mn st lm th d. Trong khng kh m, trn b mt ca st lun c mt lp nc rt
mng ho tan O2 v kh CO2 trong kh quyn, to thnh mt dung dch cht in li. St v cc tp
cht (ch yu l cacbon) cng tip xc vi dung dch to nn v s pin rt nh m st l anot v
cacbon l catot.
Ti anot, st b oxi ho thnh ion Fe2+ : Fe Fe2+ + 2e
Cc electron c gii phng chuyn dch n catot.
Ti vng catot, O2 ho tan trong nc b kh thnh ion hiroxit : O2 + 2H2O + 4e 4OH
Cc ion Fe2+ di chuyn t vng anot qua dung dch in li n vng catot v kt hp vi ion

OH to thnh st(II) hiroxit. St(II) hiroxit tip tc b oxi ho bi oxi ca khng kh thnh
st(III) hiroxit, cht ny li phn hu thnh st(III) oxit.
G st mu nu, c thnh phn chnh l Fe2O3.xH2O.
c. iu kin xy ra s n mn in ho
+ Cc in cc phi khc cht nhau, c th l cp 2 kim loi khc nhau hoc cp kim loi
vi phi kim.
+ Cc in cc phi tip xc trc tip hoc gin tip vi nhau qua dy dn.

+ Cc in cc cng tip xc vi dung dch cht in li.

Thiu mt trong ba iu kin trn s khng xy ra s n mn in ho.
II. Chng n mn kim loi
S n mn kim loi gy tn tht to ln cho nn kinh t quc dn. Hng nm chng ta phi sa
cha, thay th nhiu chi tit ca my mc, thit b dng trong cc nh my v cng trng, cc
phng tin giao thng vn ti,...
Mi nm, lng st, thp b g chim n gn 1/4 lng c sn xut ra. V vy, chng n mn
kim loi l cng vic quan trng cn phi lm thng xuyn ko di thi gian s dng ca cc
my mc, vt dng lm bng kim loi. Di y l mt vi phng php chng n mn kim loi.
1. Phng php bo v b mt
Dng nhng cht bn vng i vi mi trng ph ngoi mt nhng vt bng kim
loi nh bi du m, sn, m, trng men,... St ty l st c trng thic, tn l st c trng
km. Cc vt bng st thng c m niken hay crom.
2. Phng php in ho
Ni kim loi cn bo v vi mt kim loi hot ng hn to thnh pin in ho v kim loi
hot ng hn b n mn, kim loi kia c bo v. Th d bo v v tu bin lm bng thp v
v tu (phn chm di nc), ng thp dn nc, dn du, dn kh t di t, ngi ta lp vo
mt ngoi ca thp nhng khi km. Kt qu l km b nc bin hay dung dch cht in li trong
t n mn thay cho thp.
Hai cch din ging

Ngy xa, c mt ng Hong Rp n triu mt nh tin tri ti hi ng s sng c bao nhiu
nm.
Nh tin tri ni : B h s sng lu, sng lu ti c Ngi s chng kin c cc ci cht ca cc
con Ngi.
ng Hong tc gin v li ni sc phm, ra lnh cho qun s mang ra chm u. ng lin triu mt
nh tin tri khc v cng hi cu hi v tui th ca ng.
Nh tin tri ny tr li nh sau : Tha B H, Ngi s sng lu, Ngi s sng th hn tt c mi
ngi trong gia nh Ngi ng Hong hoan h v tng rt nhiu tin cho nh tin tri
Hai nh tin tri u ni ln s tht, nhng mt li ni th bc trc, v mt li ni th uyn chuyn
hn.
Cng mt s tht, nhng cch din ging v cch dng t ng khn kho th d lt tai hn.

BI 5 : IU CH KIM LOI
A. L THUYT
I. Nguyn tc iu ch kim loi
Trong thin nhin, ch c mt s t kim loi nh vng, platin,... tn ti dng t do, hu ht cc
kim loi cn li u tn ti dng hp cht. Trong hp cht, kim loi tn ti di dng ion dng
Mn+.
Mun iu ch kim loi, ta phi kh ion kim loi thnh nguyn t.
Vy : Nguyn tc iu ch kim loi l kh ion kim loi thnh nguyn t.
Mn+ + ne M
II. Cc phng php iu ch kim loi
1. Phng php nhit luyn
Nhng kim loi c hot ng trung bnh nh Zn, Fe, Sn, Pb c iu ch bng phng
php nhit luyn, ngha l kh ion kim loi trong hp cht nhit cao bng cc cht kh thng
thng nh C, CO, H2, Al. V d :
o
t
PbO + H2 Pb + H2O
o
t
Fe2O3 + 3CO 2Fe + 3CO2
Phng php ny c dng sn xut kim loi trong cng nghip.
Cht kh hay c s dng trong cng nghip l cacbon.
2. Phng php thu luyn
C s ca phng php ny l dng nhng dung mi thch hp nh dung dch H2SO4, NaOH,
NaCN,... ho tan kim loi hoc hp cht ca kim loi v tch ra khi phn khng tan c trong
qung. Sau kh nhng ion kim loi ny bng kim loi c tnh kh mnh nh Fe, Zn, ...
V d : Dng Fe kh ion Cu2+ trong dung dch mui ng.
Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu
Fe + Cu2+ Fe2+ + Cu
Hoc dng Zn kh ion Ag+ trong dung dch mui bc.
Zn + 2AgNO3 Zn(NO3)2 + 2Ag
Zn + 2Ag+ Zn2+ +2Ag
3. Phng php in phn (xem bi s in phn)

C rt, trng v c ph
(Dn tr) - Anna, con gi ngi u bp phn nn vi b v cuc sng kh khn ca mnh. C
khng bit phi gii quyt th no v mun t b tt c. Anna mt mi v phi u tranh, dng nh
chuyn rc ri ny cha qua th chuyn khc n.
B ca Anna dn c vo trong bp, y nc vo 3 ci ni nh ri un. Khi nc si, ng t 1

c c rt, 1 qu trng v 1 t c ph xay vo ln lt 3 ci ni v khng ni cu no.
Anna khng hiu cha nh lm g. C kin nhn ch i xem chuyn g s xy ra.
Khong 20 pht sau, ng tt bp v vt c c rt t ln chic a. Cng tng t nh vy, ng vt

trng v mc c ph vo 1 ci cc.
ng quay ra hi Anna: Con gi, con ang nhn thy nhng th g?
Tt nhin con vn ch nhn thy c rt, trng v caf thi, Anna p.
ng dn Anna n gn v bo c nm th c c rt. Sau mt thi gian luc chn, c c rt mm

hn rt nhiu.
Sau ng li bo con gi cm qu trng ln v bc v. Sau khi bc v trng, Anna thy phn lng
trng cng li. Cui cng ng bo Anna nm th cht caf. C mm ci khi nm v caf nng
m ang ta hng thm trong chic cc nh.
C hi ng: Rt cuc l sao h b?
ng gii thch rng, mi th nh c c rt, qu trng, caf xay u gp phi chuyn khng may l
b luc chn, nhng chng phn ng theo nhng cch khc nhau.
C c rt lc u rt cng, nhng sau khi luc tr nn mm v yu t.
Qu trng vn d v. N ch c bao bc bng lp v mng manh nhng sau khi luc li cng cp
hn rt nhiu.
Bt caf vn th rn nhng bin i thnh nc sau khi un.
Con l ci no trong 3 th ny?, ng tru mn hi Anna.
Khi iu khng may g ca, con s phn ng th no? Con c tr nn yu ui nh c c rt, rn

ri nh qu trng hay thay i hn nh bt caf?
Con ngi c nhiu cch phn ng trc kh khn. ng tr nn yu ui hoc km nn

bn thn, hy thay i bn thn t bn trong trc .
B. BI TP TRC NGHIM
Cu 1: Cho cc cu pht biu v v tr v cu to ca kim loi nh sau :

(I) : Hu ht cc kim loi ch c t 1 n 3 electron lp ngoi cng.
(II) : Tt c cc nguyn t nhm B u l kim loi.
(III) : trng thi rn, n cht kim loi c cu to tinh th.
(IV) : Lin kt kim loi l lin kt c hnh thnh do sc ht tnh in gia cc ion dng kim
loi v cc electron t do.
Nhng pht biu no ng ?
A. Ch c I ng. B. Ch c I, II ng.
C. Ch c IV sai. D. C I, II, III, IV u ng.
Cu 2: Ging nhau gia lin kt ion v lin kt kim loi l :
A. u c to thnh do sc ht tnh in.
B. u c s cho v nhn cc electron ha tr.
C. u c s gp chung cc electron ha tr.
D. u to thnh cc cht c nhit nng chy cao.
Cu 3: Ging nhau gia lin kt cng ha tr v lin kt kim loi l :
A. u c nhng cp electron dng chung.
B. u to thnh t nhng electron chung gia cc nguyn t.
C. u l nhng lin kt tng i km bn.
D. u to thnh cc cht c nhit nng chy thp.
Cu 4: Nhn nh no ng ?
A. Tt c cc nguyn t s l kim loi. B. Tt c cc nguyn t p l kim loi.
C. Tt c cc nguyn t d l kim loi. D. Tt c cc nguyn t nhm A l kim loi.
Cu 5: a s kim loi c cu to theo ba kiu mng tinh th sau :
A. Tinh th lp phng tm khi, tinh th t din u, tinh th lp phng tm din.
B. Tinh th lc phng, tinh th lp phng tm din, tinh th lp phng tm khi.
C. Tinh th lc phng, tinh th t din u, tinh th lp phng tm din.
D. Tinh th lc phng, tinh th t din u, tinh th lp phng tm khi.
Cu 6: Mng tinh th kim loi gm c
A. nguyn t, ion kim loi v cc electron c thn.
B. nguyn t, ion kim loi v cc electron t do.
C. nguyn t kim loi v cc electron c thn.
D. ion kim loi v cc electron c thn.
Cu 7: So vi nguyn t phi kim cng chu k, nguyn t kim loi
A. thng c bn knh nguyn t nh hn.
B. thng c nng lng ion ho nh hn.
C. thng d nhn electron trong cc phn ng ho hc.
D. thng c s electron cc phn lp ngoi cng nhiu hn.

Cu 8: Trong mt nhm A (phn nhm chnh), tr nhm VIIIA (phn nhm chnh nhm VIII),
theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn nguyn t th
A. tnh phi kim gim dn, bn knh nguyn t tng dn.
B. tnh kim loi tng dn, m in tng dn.
C. m in gim dn, tnh phi kim tng dn.
D. tnh kim loi tng dn, bn knh nguyn t gim dn.
Cu 9: Cho cc nguyn t c cu hnh electron nh sau :
1) 1s22s22p63s2 2) 1s22s22p1 3) 1s22s22p63s23p63d64s2
4) 1s22s22p5 5) 1s22s22p63s23p64s1 6) 1s2
Trong s cc nguyn t trn, c bao nhiu nguyn t l kim loi ?
A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5.
Cu 10: Mt nguyn t c s th t trong bng tun hon l 31. V tr ca nguyn t trong bng
tun hon l
A. chu k 4, nhm IIIA. B. chu k 3, nhm IIIA.
C. chu k 4, nhm IA. D. chu k 3, nhm IA.
Cu 11: Nguyn t st c s hiu nguyn t l 26. Trong bng tun hon, st thuc
A. chu k 4 nhm VIIIA. B. chu k 4 nhm VIIIB.
C. chu k 4 nhm IVA. D. chu k 5 nhm VIIIB.
Cu 12: Cu hnh ca nguyn t hay ion no di y c biu din khng ng ?
A. Cr (Z = 24) [Ar] 3d54s1. B. Mn2+ (Z = 25) [Ar] 3d34s2.
C. Fe3+ (Z = 26) [Ar] 3d5. D. Cu (Z = 29) [Ar] 3d104s1.
Cu 13: Cu hnh electron no di y ca ion Cu+ (ZCu = 29) ?
A. 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s2. B. 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s1.
C. 1s22s22p63s23p63d94s1. D. 1s22s22p63s23p63d10.
Cu 14: Mt cation Rn+ c cu hnh electron phn lp ngoi cng l 2p6. Cu hnh electron
phn lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t R c th l :
A. 3s2. B. 3p1.
C. 3s1. D. 3s1, 3s2 hoc 3p1.
Cu 15: Trong cc nguyn t c Z = 1 n Z = 20. C bao nhiu nguyn t m nguyn t c 1
eletron c thn ?
A. 6. B. 8. C. 5. D. 7.
Cu 16: Trong cc nguyn t c Z = 1 n Z = 20. C bao nhiu nguyn t m nguyn t c 2
eletron c thn ?
A. 3. B. 6. C. 5. D. 4.
Cu 17: C bao nhiu nguyn t m trong cu hnh electron nguyn t c phn lp ngoi cng l
4s2?
A. 1. B. 9. C. 11. D. 3.
Cu 18: C bao nhiu nguyn t m trong cu hnh electron nguyn t c phn lp ngoi cng l
4s1?
A. 1. B. 2. C. 4. D. 3.
x+
Cu 19: Ion M c tng s ht l 57. Hiu s ht mang in v khng in l 17. Nguyn t M l :
A. K. B. Ni. C. Ca. D. Na.
2+ 3+ 2+ 3+
Cu 20: C 4 ion l Ca , Al , Fe , Fe . Ion c s electron lp ngoi cng nhiu nht l :
A. Fe3+. B. Fe2+. C. Al3+. D. Ca2+.
Cu 21: Anion X- v cation Y2+ u c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l 3s23p6. V tr ca cc

nguyn t trong bng tun hon cc nguyn t ha hc l :
A. X c s th t 17, chu k 4, nhm VIIA (phn nhm chnh nhm VII) ; Y c s th t
20, chu k 4, nhm IIA (phn nhm chnh nhm II).
B. X c s th t 18, chu k 3, nhm VIA (phn nhm chnh nhm VI) ; Y c s th t 20,
chu k 4, nhm IIA (phn nhm chnh nhm II).
C. X c s th t 17, chu k 3, nhm VIIA (phn nhm chnh nhm VII) ; Y c s th t
D. X c s th t 18, chu k 3, nhm VIIA (phn nhm chnh nhm VII) ; Y c s th t
Cu 22: Chn th t tng dn bn knh nguyn t ca cc kim loi kim :
A. Li < Na < K < Rb < Cs. B. Cs < Rb < K < Na < Li.
C. Li < K < Na < Rb < Cs. D. Li < Na < K< Cs < Rb.
Cu 23: Dy nguyn t no sau y c xp theo chiu bn knh nguyn t tng ?
A. I, Br, Cl, P. B. C, N, O, F. C. Na, Mg, Al, Si. D. O, S, Se, Te.
Cu 24: Cho cc nguyn t v s hiu nguyn t 13Al ; 11Na ; 12 Mg ; 16S. Dy th t ng v bn
knh nguyn t tng dn l :
A. Al < Na < Mg < S. B. Na < Al < S < Mg.
C. S < Mg < Na < Al. D. S < Al < Mg < Na.
Cu 25: Cho cc nguyn t: K (Z = 19), N (Z = 7), Si (Z = 14), Mg (Z = 12). Dy gm cc nguyn
t c sp xp theo chiu gim dn bn knh nguyn t t tri sang phi l :
A. K, Mg, N, Si. B. Mg, K, Si, N. C. K, Mg, Si, N. D. N, Si, Mg, K.
Cu 26: Sp xp cc nguyn t Al, Si, Na, K, Mg theo chiu bn knh nguyn t tng dn :
A. K, Na, Mg, Al, Si. B. Si, Al, Mg, Na, K.
C. Na, K, Mg, Si, Al. D. Si, Al, Na, Mg, K.
Cu 27: Cc ion hoc cc nguyn t sau Cl , Ar, Ca2+ u c 18 electron. Th t gim dn bn
-
knh nguyn t v ion l :

A. Ar, Ca2+, Cl-. B. Cl-, Ca2+, Ar. C. Cl-, Ar, Ca2+. D. Ca2+, Ar, Cl-.
Cu 28: Dy no sau y c sp xp theo th t gim dn bn knh nguyn t v ion ?
A. K+ > Ca2+ > Ar. B. Ar > Ca2+ > K+. C. Ar > K+ > Ca2+. D. Ca2+ > K+ > Ar.
Cu 29: Cho nguyn t R, ion X2+ v ion Y2- c s electron lp v bng nhau. S sp xp bn
knh nguyn t v ion no sau y l ng ?
A. R < X2+ < Y2-. B. X2+ < R < Y2-. C. X2+ < Y2-< R. D. Y2- < R < X2+.
Cu 30: Cho cc ht vi m: O2-, Al3+, Al, Na, Mg2+, Mg. Dy no sau y c xp ng th t
bn knh ht ?
A. Al3+< Mg2+ < O2- < Al < Mg < Na. B. Al3+< Mg2+< O2-< Mg < Al < Na.
C. Na < Mg < Al < Al3+< Mg2+ < O2-. D. Na < Mg < Mg2+< Al3+< Al < O2-.
Cu 31: Mt nguyn t c tng s ht proton, ntron, electron l 40. l nguyn t ca nguyn t
no sau y ?
A. Canxi. B. Bari. C. Nhm. D. St.
Cu 32: Tng s ht proton, ntron, electron trong nguyn t ca mt nguyn t l 155. S ht
mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 33. Nguyn t l :
A. bc. B. ng. C. ch. D. st.

Cu 33: Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c tng s ht c bn (p, n, e) bng 82, trong s ht mang

in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 22. X l kim loi
A. Mg. B. Al. C. Fe. D. Ca.
Cu 34: Tng s ht proton, ntron, electron trong 2 nguyn t kim loi M v X l 94, trong
tng s ht mang in nhiu hn tng s ht khng mang in l 30. S ht mang in ca nguyn
t X nhiu hn ca M l 18. Hai kim loi M v X ln lt l :
A. Na, Ca. B. Mg, Ca. C. Be, Ca. D. Na, K.
Cu 35: Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c cu hnh electron 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p64s1, nguyn t ca
2 2 6 2
nguyn t Y c cu hnh electron 1s22s22p5. Lin kt ho hc gia nguyn t X v nguyn t Y

thuc loi lin kt
A. kim loi. B. cng ho tr. C. ion. D. cho nhn.
Cu 36: Hp cht A c cng thc MXa trong M chim 46,67% v khi lng, X l phi kim
chu k 3, trong ht nhn ca M c s proton t hn s ntron l 4; trong ht nhn ca X c s proton
bng s ntron. Tng s proton trong phn t A l 58. Cu hnh electron ngoi cng ca M l :
A. 3s23p4. B. 3d104s1. C. 2s22p4. D. 3d64s2.
Cu 37: M thuc nhm IIA, X thuc nhm VIA. Trong oxit cao nht M chim 71,43% khi lng,
cn X chim 40% khi lng. Lin kt gia X v M trong hp cht thuc loi lin kt no sau y ?
A. Lin kt ion. B. Lin kt cng ho tr.
C. Lin kt cho nhn D. Lin kt ion, lin kt cng ho tr.
Cu 38: Mt phn t XY3 c tng cc ht proton, electron, notron bng 196. Trong s ht mang
in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 60, s ht mang in ca X t hn s ht mang in ca
Y trong phn t l 76.
a. XY3 l cng thc no sau y ?
A. SO3. B. AlCl3. C. BF3. D. NH3.
b. Lin kt gia X v Y trong phn t XY3 thuc loi lin kt no ?
A. Lin kt cng ha tr phn cc. B. Lin kt cng ha tr khng phn cc.
C. Lin kt ion. D. Lin kt cho - nhn.
Cu 39: Gi thit trong tinh th, cc nguyn t st l nhng hnh cu chim 75% th tch tinh th,
phn cn li l cc khe rng gia cc qu cu. Khi lng nguyn t ca Fe l 55,85 20oC, khi
4
lng ring ca Fe l 7,78 g/cm3. Cho Vhc = r3. Bn knh nguyn t gn ng ca Fe l :
3
-8 -8
A. 1,44.10 cm. B. 1,29.10 cm. C. 1,97.10-8 cm. D. Kt qu khc.
Cu 40: Crom c cu trc mng lp phng tm khi trong th tch cc nguyn t chim x% th
tch tinh th, phn cn li l khe rng. Cho khi lng nguyn t ca Cr l 52, khi lng ring ca
Cr l 7,2 g/cm3. Nu xem nguyn t Cr c dng hnh cu th bn knh gn ng ca n l 0,125 nm
o o
( 1A = 1010 m; 1nm = 10 A ). Gi tr ca x l :
A. 68. B. 75. C. 62. D. 74.
Cu 41: Trong nguyn t, gia bn knh ht nhn (r) v s khi ca ht nhn (A) c mi quan h
nh sau : r = 1,5.10-13.A1/3 cm. Khi lng ring ca ht nhn nguyn t (tn/cm3) l :
A. 117,5.106. B. 117,5.1012. C. 116.106. D. 116.1012.
Cu 42: Kim loi c tnh cht vt l chung l dn in, dn nhit, do v c nh kim. Nguyn nhn
ca nhng tnh cht vt l chung ca kim loi l do trong tinh th kim loi c
A. nhiu electron c thn. B. cc ion dng chuyn ng t do.
C. cc electron chuyn ng t do. D. nhiu ion dng kim loi.

Cu 43: Kim loi khc nhau c dn in, dn nhit khc nhau. S khc nhau c quyt nh
b i
A. khi lng ring khc nhau. B. kiu mng tinh th khc nhau.
C. mt electron t do khc nhau. D. mt ion dng khc nhau.
Cu 44: iu kin thng kim loi th lng l :
A. Na. B. K. C. Hg. D. Ag.
Cu 45: Kim loi no sau y c tnh dn in tt nht trong tt c cc kim loi ?
A. Vng. B. Bc. C. ng. D. Nhm.
Cu 46: Kim loi no sau y do nht trong tt c cc kim loi ?
A. Bc. B. Vng. C. Nhm. D. ng.
Cu 47: Kim loi no sau y c cng ln nht trong tt c cc kim loi ?
A. Vonfam. B. Crom. C. St. D. ng.
Cu 48: Kim loi no sau y l kim loi mm nht trong tt c cc kim loi ?
A. Liti. B. Xesi. C. Natri. D. Kali.
Cu 49: Kim loi no sau y c nhit nng chy cao nht trong tt c cc kim loi ?
A. Vonfam. B. St. C. ng. D. Km.
Cu 50: Ngi ta quy c kim loi nh l kim loi c t khi
A. ln hn 5. B. nh hn 5. C. nh hn 6. D. nh hn 7.
Cu 51: Kim loi no sau y nh nht (c khi lng ring nh nht) trong tt c cc kim loi ?
A. Liti. B. Natri. C. Kali. D. Rubii.
Cu 52: Tnh cht vt l no di y ca kim loi khng phi do cc electron t do gy ra ?
A. nh kim. B. Tnh do.
C. Tnh cng. D. Tnh dn in v nhit.
Cu 53: Dy so snh tnh cht vt l ca kim loi no di y l khng ng ?
A. Dn in v nhit Ag > Cu > Al > Fe. B. T khi Li < Fe < Os.
C. Nhit nng chy Hg < Al < W. D. Tnh cng Cs < Fe < Al < Cu < Cr.
Cu 54: Tnh cht ho hc c trng ca kim loi l :
A. tnh kh. B. tnh oxi ho.
C. va c tnh kh va c tnh oxi ho. D. khng c tnh kh, khng c tnh oxi ho.
Cu 55: Pht biu no sau y l ph hp vi tnh cht ho hc chung ca kim loi ?
A. Kim loi c tnh kh, n b kh thnh ion m.
B. Kim loi c tnh oxi ho, n b oxi ho thnh ion dng.
C. Kim loi c tnh kh, n b oxi ho thnh ion dng.
D. Kim loi c tnh oxi ho, n b kh thnh ion m.
Cu 56: Dy kim loi tc dng c vi nc nhit thng l :
A. Fe, Zn, Li, Sn. B. Cu, Pb, Rb, Ag. C. K, Na, Ca, Ba. D. Al, Hg, Cs, Sr.
Cu 57: Hi thu ngn rt c, bi vy khi lm v nhit k thu ngn th cht bt c dng rc
ln thu ngn ri gom li l :
A. vi sng. B. ct. C. mui n. D. lu hunh.
Cu 58: Kim loi no c th phn ng vi N2 ngay iu kin nhit thng ?
A. Ca. B. Li. C. Al. D. Na.
Cu 59: Dung dch CuSO4 tc dng c vi tt c kim loi trong dy
A. Al, Fe, Cu. B. Mg, Fe, Ag. C. Mg, Zn, Fe. D. Al, Hg, Zn.
Cu 60: Kim loi Ni phn ng c vi tt c mui trong dung dch dy no sau y ?

A. NaCl, AlCl3, ZnCl2. B. MgSO4, CuSO4, AgNO3.
C. Pb(NO3)2, AgNO3, NaCl. D. AgNO3, CuSO4, Pb(NO3)2.
Cu 61: Cho 4 kim loi Al, Mg, Fe, Cu v bn dung dch mui ring bit l : ZnSO4, AgNO3,
CuCl2, Al2(SO4). Kim loi no tc dng c vi c bn dung dch mui cho ?
A. Al. B. Fe. C. Cu. D. Mg.
Cu 62: Cho Cu d tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 thu c dung dch X. Cho Fe d tc dng vi
dung dch X c dung dch Y. Dung dch Y cha
A. Fe(NO3)2. B. Fe(NO3)3.
C. Fe(NO3)2, Cu(NO3)2 d. D. Fe(NO3)3, Cu(NO3)2 d.
Cu 63: Nhng mt l st nh vo dung dch cha mt trong nhng cht sau : FeCl3, AlCl3, CuSO4,
Pb(NO3)2, NaCl, HCl, HNO3 d, H2SO4 (c nng, d), NH4NO3. S trng hp phn ng to mui
st (II) l :
A. 3. B. 4. C. 5. D. 6.
Cu 64: Trong s cc phn t (nguyn t hoc ion) sau, phn t va ng vai tr cht kh, va
ng vai tr cht oxi ho l :
A. Cu. B. Ca2+. C. O2-. D. Fe2+.
Cu 65: Trong nhng cu sau, cu no khng ng ?
A. Hp kim l vt liu kim loi c cha mt kim loi c bn v mt s kim loi khc hoc
phi kim.
B. Tnh cht ca hp kim ph thuc vo thnh phn, cu to ca hp kim.
C. Hp kim c tnh cht ho hc khc tnh cht ca cc kim loi to ra chng.
D. Hp kim c tnh cht vt l v tnh c hc khc nhiu cc kim loi to ra chng.
Cu 66: Trong cu mui ca pin in ho khi hot ng, xy ra s di chuyn cc
A. ion. B. electron.
C. nguyn t kim loi. D. phn t nc.
Cu 67: Trong pin in ha Zn Cu, qu trnh kh trong pin l :
A. Zn2+ + 2e Zn. B. Cu Cu2+ + 2e. C. Cu2+ + 2e Cu. D. Zn Zn2+ + 2e.
Cu 68: Trong pin in ho Zn Cu, phn ng ho hc no xy ra in cc m ?
A. Cu Cu2+ + 2e. B. Cu2+ + 2e Cu. C. Zn2+ + 2e Zn. D. Zn Zn2+ + 2e.
Cu 69: Trong pin in ho, s oxi ho
A. ch xy ra cc m. B. ch xy ra cc dng.
C. xy ra cc m v cc dng. D. khng xy ra cc m v cc dng.
Cu 70: Trong pin in ho Zn Cu cp cht no sau y phn ng c vi nhau ?
A. Zn2+ + Cu2+. B. Zn2+ + Cu. C. Zn + Cu2+. D. Zn + Cu.
2+ 2+ 2+ 2+
Cu 71: Cho cc cp oxi ho - kh : Fe /Fe, Zn /Zn, Cu /Cu, Pb /Pb. C th lp c bao nhiu
cp pin in ho t cc cp oxi ho - kh trn ?
A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 6.
Cu 72: Pin in ho c to thnh t cc cp oxi ho kh sau y : Fe /Fe v Pb2+/Pb ; Fe2+/Fe
2+
v Zn2+/Zn ; Fe2+/Fe v Sn2+/Sn ; Fe2+/Fe v Ni2+/Ni. S trng hp st ng vai tr cc m l :

A. 4. B. 3. C. 2. D. 1.

Cu 73: Trong qu trnh pin in ho Zn Ag hot ng, ta nhn thy

A. khi lng ca in cc Zn tng ln.
B. khi lng ca in cc Ag gim.
C. nng ca ion Zn2+ trong dung dch tng.
D. nng ca ion Ag+ trong dung dch tng.
Cu 74: Trong qu trnh hot ng ca pin in ho Cu Ag, nng ca cc ion trong dung dch
bin i nh th no ?
A. Nng ca ion Ag+ tng dn v nng ca ion Cu2+ tng dn.
B. Nng ca ion Ag+ gim dn v nng ca ion Cu2+ gim dn.
C. Nng ca ion Ag+ gim dn v nng ca ion Cu2+ tng dn.
D. Nng ca ion Ag+ tng dn v nng ca ion Cu2+ gim dn.
Cu 75: Phn ng ho hc xy ra trong pin in ho : 2Cr + 3Cu2+ 2Cr3+ + 3Cu. Eo ca pin in
ho l (Bit E oCu 2+ /Cu = + 0,34V ; E oCr3+ /Cr = 0,74V) :
A. 0,40V. B. 1,08V. C. 1,25V. D. 2,5V.
Cu 76: Phn ng ho hc xy ra trong pin in ho : 2Au + 3Ni 2Au + 3Ni2+. Eo ca pin in
3+
ho l (Bit E oAu3+ /Au = + 1,5V; E oNi2+ / Ni = 0,26V ) :

A. 3,75V. B. 2,25V. C. 1,76V. D. 1,25V.
Cu 77: Cho bit E Mg2 + /Mg = 2,37V ; E Zn 2 + /Zn = 0,76V ; E Pb2 + / Pb = 0,13V ; E oCu 2 + /Cu = + 0,34V.
o o o
Pin in ha c sut in ng chun bng 1,61V c cu to bi hai cp oxi ha - kh no ?

A. Pb2+/Pb v Cu2+/Cu. B. Zn2+/Zn v Pb2+/Pb.
C. Zn2+/Zn v Cu2+/Cu. D. Mg2+/Mg v Zn2+/Zn.
Cu 78: Cho cc gi tr th in cc chun ca cc cp oxi ha kh nh sau : E oAg+ /Ag = +0,80V ;
E oAl3+ /Al = 1,66V ; E oMg2 + /Mg = 2,37V ; E oZn 2 + /Zn = 0,76V ; E oCu 2 + /Cu = +0,34V.
Gi tr 1,56V l sut in ng ca pin in ho :
A. Mg v Al. B. Zn v Cu. C. Mg v Ag. D. Zn v Ag.
Cu 79: Cho cc th in cc chun :
E o Al3+ / Al = 1,66V ; E o Zn2+ / Zn = 0, 76V ; E o Pb2+ / Pb = 0,13V ; E o Cu2+ / Cu = +0,34V.
Trong cc pin sau y, pin no c sut in ng chun ln nht ?
A. Pin Zn Pb. B. Pin Pb Cu. C. Pin Al Zn. D. Pin Zn Cu.
Cu 80: Cho bit : E o (Cr3+ /Cr) = 0, 74V ; E o (Pb 2+ / Pb) = 0,13V . S so snh no sau y l ng ?
A. Ion Pb2+ c tnh oxi ho mnh hn ion Cr3+.
B. Nguyn t Pb c tnh kh mnh hn nguyn t Cr.
C. Ion Cr3+ c tnh oxi ho mnh hn ion Pb2+.
D. Nguyn t Cr v nguyn t Pb c tnh kh bng nhau.
Cu 81: Cho bit: E o (Ag + /Ag) = + 0,80V ; E o (Hg 2+ /Hg) = + 0,85V. Phn ng ho hc no sau y ng ?
A. Hg + Ag+ Hg2+ + Ag. B. Hg2+ + Ag Hg + Ag+.
C. Hg2+ + Ag+ Hg + Ag. D. Hg + Ag Hg2+ + Ag+.

Cu 82: Cho E o Al3+ = 1,66V ; E oSn 2+ = 0,14V. Chiu ca phn ng ho hc gia hai cp oxi
Al Sn
ho - kh Al3+/Al vi Sn2+/Sn v sut in ng chun ca pin in ho tng ng l :
A. 2Al3+ + 3Sn 2Al + 3Sn2+ ; Eopin = 1,8V.
B. 2Al3+ + 3Sn 2Al + 3Sn2+ ; Eopin = 1,52V.
C. 2Al + 3Sn2+ 2Al3+ + 3Sn ; Eopin = 1,8V.
D. 2Al + 3Sn2+ 2Al3+ + 3Sn ; Eopin = 1,52V.
Cu 83: Th t mt s cp oxi ho - kh trong dy in ho (c sp xp theo chiu Eo tng dn)
nh sau : Fe2+/Fe ; Cu2+/Cu ; Fe3+/Fe2+. Cp cht khng phn ng vi nhau l :
A. Fe v dung dch CuCl2. B. Fe v dung dch FeCl3.
C. dung dch FeCl2 v dung dch CuCl2. D. Cu v dung dch FeCl3.
Cu 84: Cho gi tr th in cc chun ca mt s cp oxi ha - kh :
Cp oxi ha/ kh M 2+ X 2+ Y 2+ Z2+
M X Y Z
o
E (V) 2,37 0,76 0,13 +0,34
Phn ng no sau y xy ra ?
A. X + Z2+ X2+ + Z B. X + M2+ X2+ + M
C. Z + Y2+ Z2+ + Y D. Z + M2+ Z2+ + M
Cu 85: Cho phn ng ho hc : Zn + Sn2+ Zn2+ + Sn. So snh tnh oxi ho v tnh kh ca cc
cht v ion no sau y l ng ?
Tnh oxi ho Tnh kh
A Zn > Sn Sn2+ > Zn2+
B Zn < Sn Sn2+ < Zn2+
C Sn2+ > Zn2+ Zn > Sn
2+ 2+
D Sn < Zn Zn < Sn
Cu 86: Cho cc ion kim loi : Zn , Sn , Ni , Fe , Pb2+. Th t tnh oxi ho gim dn l :
2+ 2+ 2+ 2+
A. Pb2+ > Sn2+ > Fe2+ > Ni2+ > Zn2+. B. Sn2+ > Ni2+ > Zn2+ > Pb2+ > Fe2+.
C. Zn2+ > Sn2+ > Ni2+ > Fe2+ > Pb2+. D. Pb2+ > Sn2+ > Ni2+ > Fe2+ > Zn2+.
Cu 87: Dy cc ion xp theo chiu gim dn tnh oxi ho l (bit trong dy in ha, cp Fe3+/Fe2+
ng trc cp Ag+/Ag) :
A. Ag+, Cu2+, Fe3+, Fe2+. B. Fe3+, Cu2+, Ag+, Fe2+.
C. Ag+, Fe3+, Cu2+, Fe2+. D. Fe3+, Ag+, Cu2+, Fe2+.
Cu 88: Cho cc phn ng ha hc sau :
Fe + Cu2+ Fe2+ + Cu
Cu + 2Fe3+ Cu2+ + 2Fe2+
Nhn xt no sau y sai ?
A. Tnh kh ca Fe mnh hn Cu. B. Tnh oxi ha ca Fe3+ mnh hn Cu2+.
C. Tnh oxi ha ca Fe2+ yu hn Cu2+. D. Tnh kh ca Cu yu hn Fe2+.
Cu 89: Fe tc dng c vi dung dch CuCl2 to ra Cu v FeCl2. Cu tc dng c vi dung dch
FeCl3 to ra FeCl2 v CuCl2. Tnh oxi ho ca cc ion kim loi tng theo chiu :
A. Fe2+ < Cu2+ < Fe3+. B. Fe3+ < Cu2+ < Fe2+.
C. Cu2+ < Fe3+ < Fe2+. D. Fe3+ < Fe2+ < Cu2+.

Cu 90: Hai kim loi X, Y v cc dung dch mui clorua ca chng c cc phn ng ha hc sau:
X + 2YCl3 XCl2 + 2YCl2
Y + XCl2 YCl2 + X
Pht biu ng l :
A. Ion Y2+ c tnh oxi ha mnh hn ion X2+.
B. Kim loi X kh c ion Y2+.
C. Kim loi X c tnh kh mnh hn kim loi Y.
D. Ion Y3+ c tnh oxi ha mnh hn ion X2 +.
Cu 91: Cho cc phn ng xy ra sau y :
(1) AgNO3 + Fe(NO3)2 Fe(NO3)3 + Ag
(2) Mn + 2HCl MnCl2 + H2
Dy cc ion c sp xp theo chiu tng dn tnh oxi ho l :
A. Mn2+, H+, Fe3+, Ag+. B. Ag+, Fe3+, H+, Mn2+.
C. Ag+ , Mn2+, H+, Fe3+. D. Mn2+, H+, Ag+, Fe3+.
Cu 92: Cho cc phn ng sau :
Fe + 2Fe(NO3)3 3Fe(NO3)2
AgNO3 + Fe(NO3)2 Fe(NO3)3 + Ag
Dy sp xp theo th t tng dn tnh oxi ha cc ion kim loi l :
A. Ag+, Fe2+, Fe3+. B. Fe2+, Fe3+, Ag+. C. Fe2+, Ag+, Fe3+. D. Ag+, Fe3+, Fe2+.
Cu 93: Cho bit cc phn ng xy ra sau :
2FeBr2 + Br2 2FeBr3
2NaBr + Cl2 2NaCl + Br2
Pht biu ng l :
A. Tnh kh ca Cl- mnh hn ca Br-. B. Tnh oxi ha ca Br2 mnh hn ca Cl2.
- 2+
C. Tnh kh ca Br mnh hn ca Fe . D. Tnh oxi ha ca Cl2 mnh hn ca Fe3+.
Cu 94: Cho sut in ng chun Eo ca cc pin in ho : Eo(Cu - X) = 0,46V ; Eo(Y - Cu) = 1,1V ;
Eo(Z - Cu) = 0,47V (X, Y, Z l ba kim loi). Dy cc kim loi xp theo chiu tng dn tnh kh t tri
sang phi l :
A. Z, Y, Cu, X. B. X, Cu, Z, Y. C. Y, Z, Cu, X. D. X, Cu, Y, Z.
Cu 95: Cho sut in ng chun E ca cc pin in ho : E (Ni - X) = 0,12V ; Eo(Y - Ni) = 0,02V ;
o o
Eo(Ni - Z) = 0,60V (X, Y, Z l ba kim loi). Dy cc kim loi xp theo chiu gim dn tnh kh t tri
sang phi l :
A. Y, Ni, Z, X. B. Z, Y, Ni, X. C. X, Z, Ni, Y. D. Y, Ni, X, Z.
Cu 96: Khi lng thanh st gim i trong trng hp nhng vo dung dch no sau y ?
A. Fe2(SO4)3. B. CuSO4. C. AgNO3. D. MgCl2.
Cu 97: Ngm bt Fe vo cc dung dch mui ring bit Fe , Zn , Cu , Pb2+, Mg2+, Ag+. S phn
3+ 2+ 2+
ng xy ra l :
A. 4. B. 5. C. 3. D. 6.
Cu 98: Trong cc kim loi di y c bao nhiu kim loi c th kh Fe3+ trong dung dch thnh
Fe : Zn, Na, Cu, Al, Fe, Ca, Mg, Ni ?
A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 6.

Cu 99: Trong cc kim loi di y c bao nhiu kim loi ch c th kh Fe3+ trong dung dch
thnh Fe2+ : Zn, Na, Cu, Al, Fe, Ca, Mg, Ni ?
A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 6.
Cu 100*: Cho ba kim loi Al, Fe, Cu v su dung dch mui ring bit l Ni(NO3)2, AgNO3,
Cu(NO3)2, Zn(NO3)2, Fe(NO3)2, Fe(NO3)3. Cho cc cht phn ng vi nhau theo tng cp, s phn
ng xy ra l :
A. 11. B. 12. C. 13. D. 14.
Cu 101: Ho tan hon ton 3 kim loi Zn, Fe, Cu bng dung dch HNO3 long. Sau khi phn ng
xy ra hon ton, thu c cht rn khng tan l Cu. Phn dung dch sau phn ng cha cht tan
no ?
A. Zn(NO3)2 ; Fe(NO3)3. B. Zn(NO3)2 ; Fe(NO3)2.
C. Zn(NO3)2 ; Fe(NO3)3 ; Cu(NO3)2. D. Zn(NO3)2 ; Fe(NO3)2 ; Cu(NO3)2.
Cu 102: Cho hn hp bt Mg v Zn vo dung dch cha Cu(NO3)2 v AgNO3. Sau phn ng thu
c 2 kim loi, dung dch gm 3 mui l :
A. Zn(NO3)2, AgNO3 v Mg(NO3)2. B. Mg(NO3)2, Cu(NO3)2 v AgNO3.
C. Mg(NO3)2, Zn(NO3)2 v Cu(NO3)2. D. Zn(NO3)2, Cu(NO3)2 v AgNO3.
Cu 103: Cho hn hp gm Fe v Zn vo dung dch AgNO3 n khi cc phn ng xy ra hon
ton, thu c dung dch X gm hai mui v cht rn Y ch c 1 kim loi. Hai mui trong X l :
A. Fe(NO3)3 v Zn(NO3)2. B. Zn(NO3)2 v Fe(NO3)2.
C. AgNO3 v Zn(NO3)2. D. A hoc B.
Cu 104: Cho hn hp gm Fe v Zn vo dung dch AgNO3 n khi cc phn ng xy ra hon
ton, thu c dung dch X gm hai mui v cht rn Y gm hai kim loi. Hai mui trong X l :
A. Zn(NO3)2 v Fe(NO3)2. B. Fe(NO3)3 v Zn(NO3)2.
C. Fe(NO3)2 v AgNO3. D. AgNO3 v Zn(NO3)2.
Cu 105: Hn hp bt gm Fe, Cu, Ag, Al ho cht duy nht dng tch Ag sao cho khi lng
khng i l :
A. AgNO3. B. Fe(NO3)2. C. Fe(NO3)3. D. HNO3 long.
Cu 106: Khng nh no sau y l ng ?
(1) Cu c th tan trong dung dch Fe2(SO4)3.
(2) Hn hp gm Cu, Fe2O3 Fe3O4 trong s mol Cu bng tng s mol Fe2O3 v Fe3O4 c th
tan ht trong dung dch HCl d.
(3) Dung dch AgNO3 khng tc dng c vi dung dch Fe(NO3)2.
(4) Cp oxi ha kh MnO4-/Mn2+ c th in cc ln hn cp Fe3+/Fe2+.
A. Tt c u ng. B. (1), (2), (4). C. (1), (2). D. (1), (3).
Cu 107: Trong qu trnh in phn, nhng ion m (anion) di chuyn v
A. anot, y chng b kh. B. anot, y chng b oxi ho.
C. catot, y chng b kh. D. catot, y chng b oxi ho.
Cu 108: Trong qu trnh in phn, nhng dng (cation) di chuyn v
A. anot, y chng b kh. B. anot, y chng b oxi ho.
C. catot, y chng b kh. D. catot, y chng b oxi ho.
Cu 109: Phng php in phn nng chy dng iu ch cc kim loi
A. ng sau hiro trong dy in ho. B. kim, kim th v nhm.
C. ng trc hiro trong dy in ho. D. kim v nhm.

Cu 110: Dy gm cc kim loi c iu ch trong cng nghip bng phng php in phn
nng chy hp cht ca chng l :
A. Na, Ca, Al. B. Na, Ca, Zn. C. Na, Cu, Al. D. Fe, Ca, Al.
Cu 111: Phn ng no xy ra catot trong qu trnh in phn MgCl2 nng chy ?
A. s oxi ho ion Mg2+. B. s kh ion Mg2+.
C. s oxi ho ion Cl-. D. s kh ion Cl-.
Cu 112: Trong qu trnh in phn KBr nng chy, phn ng no xy ra in cc dng (anot) ?
A. ion Br - b kh. B. ion Br- b oxi ho.
C. ion K+ b oxi ho. D. ion K+ b kh.
Cu 113: Phn ng no xy ra anot trong qu trnh in phn Al2O3 nng chy ?
A. s oxi ha ion Al3+. B. s kh ion Al3+.
C. s oxi ho ion O2-. D. s kh ion O2-.
Cu 114: Sn phm thu c khi in phn NaOH nng chy l g ?
A. catot (-) : Na v anot (+) : O2 v H2O.
B. catot (-) : Na2O v anot (+) : O2 v H2.
C. catot (-) : Na v anot (+) : O2 v H2.
D. catot (-) : Na2O v anot (+) : O2 v H2O.
Cu 115: in phn (in cc tr, c mng ngn xp) mt dung dch c cha cc anion: I-, Cl-, Br-,
S2-, SO42-, NO3-. Th t xy ra s oxi ha anot l :
A. S2-, I-, Br-, Cl-, OH-, H2O. B. Cl-, I-, Br-, S2-, OH-, H2O.
C. I-, S2-, Br-, Cl-, OH-, H2O. D. I-, Br-, S2-, OH-, Cl-, H2O.
Cu 116: in phn dung dch hn hp gm HCl, NaCl, CuCl2, FeCl3. Th t cc qu trnh nhn
electron trn catot l :
A. Cu2+ Fe3+ H+ Na+ H2O. B. Fe3+ Cu2+ H+ Fe2+ H2O.
C. Fe3+ Cu2+ H+ Na+ H2O. D. Cu2+ Fe3+ Fe2+ H+ H2O.
Cu 117: Mt dung dch X cha ng thi NaNO3, Cu(NO3)2, Fe(NO3)3, Zn(NO3)2, AgNO3. Th
t cc kim loi thot ra catot khi in phn dung dch trn l :
A. Ag, Fe, Cu, Zn, Na. B. Ag, Cu, Fe, Zn.
C. Ag, Cu, Fe. D. Ag, Cu, Fe, Zn, Na.
+ 3+ 2+ -
Cu 118: Cho cc ion : Na , Al , Ca , Cl , SO4 , NO3-. Cc ion khng b in phn khi trng
2-
thi dung dch l :

A. Na+, Al3+, SO42- , Ca2+, NO3-. B. Na+, Al3+, SO42-, Cl-.
C. Na+, Al3+, Cl-, NO3-. D. Al3+, Cu2+, Cl-, NO3-.
Cu 119: Trong qu trnh in phn dung dch Pb(NO3)2 vi cc in cc tr, ion Pb2+ di chuyn
v
A. catot v b oxi ho. B. anot v b oxi ho.
C. catot v b kh. D. anot v b kh.
Cu 120: Trong qu trnh in phn dung dch AgNO3 (cc in cc tr), cc dng xy ra phn
ng no sau y ?
A. Ag Ag+ + 1e. B. Ag+ + 1e Ag.
C. 2H2O 4H+ + O2 + 4e. D. 2H2O + 2e H2 + 2OH-.

Cu 121: Trong qu trnh in phn dung dch AgNO3 (anot lm bng Ag), cc dng xy ra
phn ng no sau y ?
A. Ag Ag+ + 1e. B. Ag+ + 1e Ag.
C. 2H2O 4H+ + O2 + 4e. D. 2H2O + 2e H2 + 2OH-.
Cu 122: Trong qu trnh in phn dung dch CuSO4 (cc in cc tr), anot xy ra qu trnh
no ?
A. oxi ho ion SO42-. B. kh ion SO42-.
C. kh phn t H2O. D. oxi ho phn t H2O.
Cu 123: Trong qu trnh in phn dung dch CuSO4 (anot lm bng Cu), anot xy ra qu trnh
no ?
A. oxi ho Cu. B. kh ion SO42-.
C. kh phn t H2O. D. oxi ho phn t H2O.
Cu 124: Trong qu trnh in phn dung dch ZnSO4 (cc in cc tr), cc m xy ra phn ng
no sau y ?
A. Zn2+ + 2e Zn. B. Zn Zn2+ + 2e.
C. 2H2O + 2e H2 + 2OH. D. 2H2O 4H+ + O2 + 4e.
Cu 125: Phn ng ho hc no sau y ch thc hin bng phng php in phn ?
A. Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu.
B. 2CuSO4 + 2H2O 2Cu + O2 + 2H2SO4.
C. CuSO4 + 2NaOH Cu(OH)2 + Na2SO4.
D. Cu + 2AgNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + 2Ag.
Cu 126: Cho cc phng trnh in phn sau, phng trnh vit sai l (M l kim loi kim) :
pdd
A. 4AgNO3 + 2H2O
4Ag + O2 + 4HNO3.
pdd
B. 2CuSO4 + 2H2O
2Cu + O2 + 2H2SO4.
pnc
C. 2MCln
2M + nCl2.
pnc
D. 4MOH 4M + 2H2O.
Cu 127: Cho cc trng hp sau :
1. in phn nng chy MgCl2 2. in phn dung dch ZnSO4
3. in phn dung dch CuSO4 4. in phn dung dch NaCl
S trng hp ion kim loi b kh thnh kim loi l :
A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4.
Cu 128: Dy cc kim loi u c th c iu ch bng phng php in phn dung dch mui
ca chng l :
A. Fe, Cu, Ag. B. Mg, Zn, Cu. C. Al, Fe, Cr. D. Ba, Ag, Au.
Cu 129: Khi in phn dung dch CuSO4 ngi ta thy khi lng catot tng ng bng khi
lng anot gim. iu chng t ngi ta dng
A. catot Cu. B. catot tr. C. anot Cu. D. anot tr.
Cu 130: Khi in phn dung dch AgNO3, sau mt thi gian thy nng ca dung dch khng
thay i (gi s nc bay hi khng ng k trong qu trnh in phn). iu chng t ngi ta
dng
A. catot Ag. B. catot tr. C. anot Ag. D. anot tr.

Cu 131: Khi in phn dung dch KCl c mng ngn th anot thu c
A. Cl2. B. H2. C. KOH v H2. D. Cl2 v H2.
Cu 132: Khi in phn dung dch NaCl (cc m bng st, cc dng bng than ch, c mng ngn
xp) th :
A. cc dng xy ra qu trnh oxi ha ion Na+ v cc m xy ra qu trnh kh ion Cl-.
B. cc m xy ra qu trnh kh H2O v cc dng xy ra qu trnh oxi ha Cl-.
C. cc m xy ra qu trnh oxi ha H2O v cc dng x ra qu trnh kh ion Cl-.
D. cc m xy ra qu trnh kh ion Na+ v cc dng xy ra qu trnh oxi ha ion Cl-.
Cu 133: Khi in phn c mng ngn dung dch mui n bo ho trong nc th xy ra hin tng
no sau y ?
A. Kh oxi thot ra catot v kh clo thot ra anot.
B. Kh hiro thot ra catot v kh clo thot ra anot.
C. Kim loi natri thot ra catot v kh clo thot ra anot.
D. Nc Gia-ven c to thnh trong bnh in phn.
Cu 134: Khi in phn dung dch NaCl (c mn ngn), cc dng khng lm bng st m lm
bng than ch l do :
A. st dn in tt hn than ch. B. cc dng to kh clo tc dng vi Fe.
C. than ch dn in tt hn st. D. cc dng to kh clo tc dng vi than ch.
Cu 135: Trong cng nghip, natri hiroxit c sn xut bng phng php
A. in phn dung dch NaCl, khng c mng ngn in cc.
B. in phn dung dch NaCl, c mng ngn in cc.
C. in phn dung dch NaNO3, khng c mng ngn in cc.
D. in phn NaCl nng chy.
Cu 136: Khi in phn dung dch NaCl (in cc tr, khng c mng ngn xp) th sn phm thu
c gm :
A. H2, Cl2, NaOH. B. H2, Cl2, nc Gia-ven.
C. H2, nc Gia-ven. D. H2,Cl2, NaOH, nc Gia-ven.
Cu 137: Cho cc dung dch ring bit sau : KCl, NaCl, CaCl2, Na2SO4, ZnSO4, H2SO4, KNO3,
AgNO3, NaOH. Dung dch khi in phn thc cht ch l in phn nc l :
A. NaOH, NaCl, ZnSO4, KNO3, AgNO3.
B. NaOH, Na2SO4, H2SO4, KNO3, CaCl2.
C. NaOH, Na2SO4, H2SO4, KNO3.
D. Na2SO4, KNO3, KCl.
Cu 138: Cho cc dung dch : KCl, NaCl, CaCl2, Na2SO4, ZnSO4, H2SO4, KNO3, AgNO3, NaOH.
Sau khi in phn, cc dung dch cho mi trng baz l :
A. KCl, KNO3, NaCl, Na2SO4. B. KCl, NaCl, CaCl2, NaOH.
C. NaCl, CaCl2, NaOH, H2SO4. D. NaCl, NaOH, ZnSO4, AgNO3.
Cu 139: Pht biu no sau y khng ng ?
A. Khi in phn cc cht nng chy th catot cc cation kim loi nhn electron.
B. Khi in phn cc cht nng chy th anot cc anion nhng electron.
C. Khi in phn th trn cc b mt in cc xy ra qu trnh oxi ha kh.
D. Khi in phn cc dung dch mui trong nc th cc dng b n mn.

Cu 140: C cc qu trnh in phn sau :

(1) in phn dung dch CuSO4 vi anot lm bng kim loi Cu.
(2) in phn dung dch FeSO4 vi 2 in cc bng graphit.
(3) in phn Al2O3 nng chy vi 2 in cc bng than ch.
(4) in phn dung dch NaCl vi anot bng than ch v catot bng thp.
Cc qu trnh in phn m cc dng b mn l :
A. (1), (2). B. (1), (3). C. (2), (3). D. (3), (4).
Cu 141: iu no l khng ng trong cc iu sau :
A. in phn dung dch NaCl thy pH dung dch tng dn.
B. in phn dung dch CuSO4 thy pH dung dch gim dn.
C. in phn dung dch hn hp NaCl v CuSO4 thy pH dung dich khng i.
D. in phn dung dch hn hp NaCl v HCl thy pH dung dch tng dn.
(coi th tch dung dch khi in phn l khng i, khi c mt NaCl th dng thm mng ngn)
Cu 142: in phn dung dch CuSO4 vi anot bng ng (anot tan) v in phn dung dch
CuSO4 vi anot bng graphit (in cc tr) u c c im chung l :
A. catot xy ra s oxi ha : 2H2O +2e 2OH +H2.
B. anot xy ra s kh : 2H2O O2 + 4H+ +4e.
C. anot xy ra s oxi ha : Cu Cu2+ +2e.
D. catot xy ra s kh : Cu2+ + 2e Cu.
Cu 143: in phn dung dch CuSO4 vi in cc tr, cng dng 5A. Khi anot c 4 gam
kh oxi bay ra th ngng in phn. iu no sau y lun ng ?
A. Khi lng ng thu c catot l 16 gam.
B. Thi gian in phn l 9650 giy.
C. pH ca dung dch trong qu trnh in phn lun gim.
D. Khng c kh thot ra catot.
Cu 144: in phn dung dch cha HCl v KCl vi mng ngn xp, sau mt thi gian thu c
dung dch ch cha mt cht tan v c pH = 12. Vy
A. ch c HCl b in phn.
B. ch c KCl b in phn.
C. HCl v KCl u b in phn ht.
D. HCl b in phn ht, KCl cha b in phn.
Cu 145: Khi in phn dung dch (c mng ngn) gm NaCl, HCl, CuCl2 v qu tm. Mu ca
dung dch bin i ra sao khi in phn n khi ht NaCl ?
A. Tm xanh. B. Tm xanh .
C. tm xanh. D. Xanh tm .
Cu 146: in phn mt dung dch gm NaCl v CuSO4 c cng s mol n khi catot xut hin
bt kh th dng in phn. Trong c qu trnh in phn, sn phm thu c anot l :
A. kh Cl2 v O2. B. H2 v O2. C. Cl2. D. Cl2 v H2.
Cu 147: Khi in phn in cc tr c mng ngn dung dch hn hp gm NaCl v CuSO4 n
khi NaCl v CuSO4 u ht nu dung dch sau in phn ho tan c Fe th
A. NaCl ht trc CuSO4. B. CuSO4 ht trc NaCl.
C. NaCl v CuSO4 cng ht. D. xy ra trng hp A hoc B.

Cu 148: in phn dung dch cha a mol CuSO4 v b mol NaCl (vi in cc tr, c mng ngn
xp). dung dch sau in phn lm phenolphtalein chuyn sang mu hng th iu kin ca a v
b l (bit ion SO42- khng b in phn trong dung dch)
A. b > 2a. B. b = 2a. C. b < 2a. D. 2b = a.
Cu 149: Khi in phn in cc tr c mng ngn dung dch hn hp gm NaCl v CuSO4 n
khi NaCl v CuSO4 u ht nu dung dch sau in phn ho tan c Al2O3 th
A. NaCl ht trc CuSO4. B. CuSO4 ht trc NaCl.
C. NaCl v CuSO4 cng ht. D. xy ra trng hp A hoc B.
Cu 150: in phn (in cc tr, mng ngn xp) mt dung dch gm a mol CuSO4 v b mol
NaCl. Dung dch sau in phn c th ho tan c kim loi nhm, NaHCO3, Al2O3 mi quan h
gia a v b l
A. 2a = b B. 2a > b. C. 2a < b. D. B hoc C.
Cu 151: Khi in phn (vi cc in tr, mng ngn xp) dung dch cha a mol CuSO4 v 1,5a
mol NaCl n khi nc bt u b in phn trn c 2 in cc th pH ca dung dch sau phn ng
A. nh hn 7. B. bng 7.
C. ln hn 7. D. bng pH ca dung dch trc phn ng.
Cu 152: in phn mt dung dch gm a mol CuSO4 v b mol NaCl. Nu b > 2a m catot cha
c kh thot ra th dung dch sau in phn cha cc ion no ?
A. Na+, SO42-, Cl-. B. Na+, SO42-, Cu2+.
C. Na+, Cl-. D. Na+, SO42-, Cu2+, Cl-.
Cu 153: ng dng no di y khng phi l ng dng ca s in phn ?
A. iu ch mt s kim loi, phi kim v hp cht.
B. Thng qua cc phn ng sn sinh ra dng in.
C. Tinh ch mt s kim loi nh Cu, Pb, Zn, Fe, Ag, Au, ...
D. M Zn, Sn, Ni, Ag, Au, ... bo v v trang tr kim loi.
Cu 154: Pht biu no sau y l khng ng ?
A. n mn kim loi l s ph hu kim loi v hp kim di tc dng ca mi trng xung
quanh.
B. n mn kim loi l mt qu trnh ho hc trong kim loi b n mn bi cc axit trong
mi trng khng kh.
C. Trong qa trnh n mn, kim loi b oxi ho thnh ion ca n.
D. n mn kim loi c chia lm 2 dng : n mn ho hc v n mn in ho hc.
Cu 155: Cht no sau y trong kh quyn khng gy ra s n mn kim loi ?
A. O2. B. CO2. C. H2O. D. N2.
Cu 156: Phn ng ho hc no xy ra trong s n mn kim loi ?
A. Phn ng trao i. B. Phn ng oxi ho kh.
C. Phn ng thu phn. D. Phn ng axit baz.
Cu 157: S n mn kim loi khng phi l :
A. s kh kim loi.
B. s oxi ho kim loi.
C. s ph hu kim loi hoc hp kim do tc dng ca cc cht trong mi trng.
D. s bin n cht kim loi thnh hp cht.

Cu 158: S ph hu kim loi do kim loi tc dng trc tip vi cc cht oxi ho trong mi trng
gi l :
A. s kh kim loi. B. s tc dng ca kim loi vi nc.
C. s n mn ho hc. D. s n mn in ho.
Cu 159: Pht biu no sau y l ng khi ni v n mn ho hc ?
A. n mn ho hc khng lm pht sinh dng in.
B. n mn ho hc lm pht sinh dng in mt chiu.
C. Kim loi tinh khit s khng b n mn ho hc.
D. V bn cht, n mn ho hc cng l mt dng ca n mn in ho.
Cu 160: S ph hu kim loi (khng nguyn cht) hay hp kim do tc dng ca dung dch cht
in li v to nn dng electron chuyn di t cc m sang cc dng gi l :
A. s kh kim loi. B. s tc dng ca kim loi vi nc.
C. s n mn ho hc. D. s n mn in ho.
Cu 161: iu kin xy ra n mn in ho l :
A. Cc in cc phi tip xc vi nhau hoc c ni vi nhau bng mt dy dn.
B. Cc in cc phi c nhng trong dung dch in li.
C. Cc in cc phi khc nhau v bn cht.
D. C ba iu kin trn.
Cu 162: Cu no ng trong cc cu sau ? Trong n mn in ho hc, xy ra
A. s oxi ho cc dng.
B. s kh cc m.
C. s oxi ho cc dng v s kh cc m.
D. s oxi ho cc m v s kh cc dng.
Cu 163: Nu vt lm bng hp kim Fe Zn b n mn in ho th trong qu trnh n mn
A. km ng vai tr catot v b oxi ho. B. st ng vai tr anot v b oxi ho.
C. km ng vai tr anot v b oxi ho. D. st ng vai tr catot v ion H+ b oxi ho.
Cu 164: Cho cc cp kim loi nguyn cht tip xc trc tip vi nhau: Fe v Pb ; Fe v Zn ; Fe v
Sn ; Fe v Ni. Khi nhng cc cp kim loi trn vo dung dch axit, s cp kim loi trong Fe b
ph hu trc l :
A. 4. B. 1. C. 2. D. 3.
Cu 165: Qu trnh n mn v mn tu thu (ch to t thp cacbon) khu vc mn tu tip xc
vi nc bin v khng kh l qu trnh n mn
A. kim loi. B. ho hc. C. in ho. D. cacbon.
Cu 166: Trong cc trng hp sau, trng hp kim loi b n mn in ho hc l :
A. kim loi Zn trong dung dch HCl. B. thp cacbon trong khng kh m.
C. t dy st trong kh oxi. D. kim loi ng trong dung dch HNO3 long.
Cu 167: St ty l st trng thic. Nu lp thic b xc su ti lp st th kim loi b n mn
trc l :
A. thic. B. c 2 u b n mn nh nhau.
C. st. D. khng kim loi no b n mn.
Cu 168: C nhng vt bng st c m bng nhng kim loi khc nhau di y. Nu cc vt
ny u b sy st su n lp st, th vt no st b g chm nht ?
A. St trng km. B. St trng thic.
C. St trng niken. D. St trng ng.
Cu 169: Mt chic cha kho lm bng hp kim Cu Fe b ri xung y ging. Sau mt thi gian
chic cha kho s
A. b n mn ho hc. B. b n mn in ho.
C. khng b n mn. D. n mn in ho hoc ho hc.
2+
Cu 170: Bit rng ion Pb trong dung dch oxi ha c Sn. Khi nhng hai thanh kim loi Pb v
Sn c ni vi nhau bng dy dn in vo mt dung dch cht in li th
A. c Pb v Sn u b n mn in ho. B. c Pb v Sn u khng b n mn in ho.
C. ch c Pb b n mn in ho. D. ch c Sn b n mn in ho.
Cu 171: Mt si dy Cu ni vi mt si dy Fe ngoi khng kh m, sau mt thi gian c hin
tng
A. Dy Fe v dy Cu b t. B. ch ni dy Fe b t.
C. ch ni dy Cu b mn v t. D. Khng c hin tng g.
Cu 172: Mt l Al c ni vi mt l Zn mt u, u cn li ca 2 thanh kim loi u c
nhng trong dch mui n. Ti ch ni ca 2 thanh kim loi s xy ra qu trnh no ?
A. Ion Zn2+ thu thm 2e to Zn. B. Ion Al3+ thu thm 3e to Al.
C. Electron di chuyn t Al sang Zn. D. Electron di chuyn t Zn sang Al.
Cu 173: C 4 dung dch ring bit : a) HCl, b) CuCl2, c) FeCl3, d) HCl c ln CuCl2. Nhng vo
mi dung dch mt thanh Fe nguyn cht. S trng hp xut hin n mn in ho l :
A. 0. B. 1. C. 2. D. 3.
Cu 174: C 4 dung dch ring bit : CuSO4, ZnCl2, FeCl3, AgNO3. Nhng vo mi dung dch mt
thanh Ni. S trng hp xut hin n mn in ho l :
A. 1. B. 4. C. 3. D. 2.
Cu 175: inh st b n mn nhanh nht trong trng hp no sau y ?
A. Ngm trong dung dch HCl. B. Ngm trong dung dch HBr.
C. Ngm trong dung dch H2SO4 long. D. Ngm trong dung dch H2SO4 v CuSO4.
Cu 176: Cho bt st vo dung dch HCl sau thm tip vi git dung dch CuSO4. Quan st thy
hin tng :
A. Bt kh bay ln t v chm hn lc u.
C. Khng c bt kh bay ln.
B. Bt kh bay ln nhanh v nhiu hn lc u.
D. Dung dch khng chuyn mu.
Cu 177: Nhng thanh km trong dung dch HCl 1M (TN1), nhng thanh km trong dung dch
HCl 1M c nh vi git CuSO4 (TN2), nhng hp kim km v st trong dung dch HCl 1M (TN3).
Th nghim c tc thot kh hiro nhanh nht l :
A. th nghim 1. B. th nghim 2. C. th nghim 3. D. khng xc nh c.
Cu 178: Cho bn ng nghim cha dung dch HCl, nhng vo mi ng mt mu km. Sau cho
thm mt vi git dung dch mui X vo. Mui X l mui no th kh H2 thot ra nhanh nht ?
A. NiSO4. B. CuSO4. C. FeSO4. D. SnSO4.
Cu 179: Ni mt thanh Al vi mt thanh Cu bng dy dn in, nhng hai thanh trong dung dch
HCl, s quan st c hin tng :
A. Thanh Al tan nhanh, bt kh H2 thot ra t thanh Cu.
B. Thanh Cu tan, bt kh H2 thot ra t thanh Al.
C. C 2 thanh cng tan v bt kh H2 thot ra t c 2 thanh.
D. Thanh Al tan trc, bt kh H2 thot ra t thanh Al.

Cu 180: Kt lun no sau y khng ng ?

A. Cc thit b my mc bng kim loi tip xc vi hi nc nhit cao c kh nng b
n mn ho hc.
B. Ni thanh Zn vi v tu thu bng thp th v tu thu s c bo v.
C. vt bng thp ra ngoi khng kh m th vt s b n mn in ho.
D. Mt ming v hp lm bng st ty (st trng thic) b xy xt tn bn trong, trong
khng kh m th Sn s b n mn trc.
Cu 181: Pht biu no sau y l khng ng ?
A. G st c cng thc ho hc l Fe2O3. xH2O.
B. Trong qu trnh n mn, kim loi b kh thnh ion ca n.
C. Cc dng bng st thng b n mn do khng c ch to t Fe tinh khit m
thng c ln cc tp cht khc.
D. Trong qu trnh to thnh g Fe, catot xy ra qu trnh : O2 +2H2O + 4e 4OH-
Cu 182: Sau mt ngy lao ng, ngi ta phi lm v sinh b mt kim loi ca cc thit b my
mc, dng c lao ng. Vic lm ny c mc ch chnh l g ?
A. kim loi sng bng p mt. B. khng gy nhim mi trng.
C. khng lm bn qun o khi lao ng. D. kim loi b n mn.
Cu 183: bo v ni hi (Supde) bng thp khi b n mn, ngi ta c th lt nhng kim loi
no sau y vo mt trong ca ni hi.
A. Zn hoc Mg. B. Zn hoc Cr. C. Ag hoc Mg. D. Pb hoc Pt.
Cu 184: Gi cho b mt kim loi lun lun sch, khng c bn t bm vo l mt bin php
bo v kim loi khng b n mn. Hy cho bit nh vy l p dng phng php chng n mn
no sau y ?
A. Cch li kim loi vi mi trng.
B. Dng phng php in ho.
C. Dng phng php ph.
D. Dng phng php bin i ho hc lp b mt.
Cu 185: Trn ca cc p nc bng thp thng thy c gn nhng l Zn mng. Lm nh vy l
chng n mn cc ca p theo phng php no trong cc phng php sau y ?
A. Dng hp kim chng g.
B. Phng php ph.
C. Phng php bin i ho hc lp b mt.
D. Phng php in ho.
Cu 186: Nguyn tc chung c dng iu ch kim loi l :
A. cho hp cht cha ion kim loi tc dng vi cht kh.
B. oxi ho ion kim loi trong hp cht thnh nguyn t kim loi.
C. cho hp cht cha ion kim loi tc dng vi cht oxi ho.
D. kh ion kim loi trong hp cht thnh nguyn t kim loi.

Cu 187: Cho cc pht biu sau :

(1) Nguyn tc iu ch kim loi l kh ion kim loi.
(2) Phng php thy luyn dng iu ch nhng kim loi c tnh kh yu nh Cu, Hg, Ag,
Au
(3) Phng php nhit luyn dng iu ch nhng kim loi c tnh kh trung bnh nh Zn,
Fe, Sn, Pb
(4) iu ch cc kim loi nhm, kim loi kim, kim loi kim th bng phng php in phn
nng chy mui halogenua ca chng.
(5) in phn dung dch dng iu ch cc kim loi c tnh kh trung bnh v kim loi c
tnh kh yu.
Cc pht biu ng l :
A. (1), (2), (3), (4), (5). B. (1), (2), (3), (5).
C. (1), (2), (4), (5). D. (1), (2), (3), (4).
Cu 188: Dy cc ion kim loi no sau y u b Zn kh thnh kim loi ?
A. Cu2+, Mg2+, Pb2+. B. Cu2+, Ag+, Na+. C. Sn2+, Pb2+, Cu2+. D. Pb2+, Ag+, Al3+.
Cu 189: Kim loi M c th c iu ch bng cch kh ion ca n trong oxit bi kh H2 nhit
cao. Mt khc, kim loi M kh c ion H+ trong dung dch axit long thnh H2. Kim loi M l :
A. Al. B. Mg. C. Fe. D. Cu.
Cu 190: Phn ng iu ch kim loi no di y thuc phng php nhit luyn ?
A. C + ZnO Zn + CO. B. 2Al2O3 4Al + 3O2.
C. MgCl2 Mg + Cl2. D. Zn + 2Ag(CN)2- Zn(CN)4- + 2Ag.
Cu 191: Phn ng iu ch kim loi no di y khng thuc phng php nhit luyn ?
A. 3CO + Fe2O3 2Fe + 3CO2. B. 2Al + Cr2O3 2Cr + Al2O3.
C. HgS + O2 Hg + SO2. D. Zn + CuSO4 ZnSO4 + Cu.
Cu 192: Cho lung kh H2 (d) qua hn hp cc oxit CuO, Fe2O3, ZnO, MgO nung nhit cao.
Sau phn ng hn hp rn cn li l :
A. Cu, Fe, Zn, MgO. B. Cu, Fe, ZnO, MgO.
C. Cu, Fe, Zn, Mg. D. Cu, FeO, ZnO, MgO.
Cu 193: Nung hn hp bt MgO, Fe2O3, PbO, Al2O3 nhit cao ri cho dng kh CO (d) i
qua hn hp thu c cht rn gm :
A. MgO, Fe, Pb, Al2O3. B. MgO, Fe, Pb, Al.
C. MgO, FeO, Pb, Al2O3. D. Mg, Fe, Pb, Al.
Cu 194: Cht no sau y c iu ch trong cng nghip bng phng php in phn ?
A. Lu hunh. B. Axit sunfuric. C. Kim loi st. D. Kim loi nhm.
Cu 195: Phng php iu ch kim loi bng cch dng n cht kim loi c tnh kh mnh hn
kh ion kim loi khc trong dung dch mui gi l :
A. phng php nhit luyn. B. phng php thu luyn.
C. phng php in luyn. D. phng php thu phn.
Cu 196: Dung dch FeSO4 c ln tp cht CuSO4. Phng php ho hc n gin loi c tp
cht l :
A. in phn dung dch vi in cc tr n khi ht mu xanh.
B. chuyn 2 mui thnh hiroxit, oxit, kim loi ri ho tan bng H2SO4 long.
C. th Mg vo dung dch cho n khi ht mu xanh.
D. th Fe d vo dung dch, ch phn ng xong ri lc b cht rn.
Cu 197: lm sch mt loi thu ngn c ln cc tp cht km, thic, ch c th dng cch
A. ho tan loi thu ngn ny trong dung dch HCl d.
B. ho tan loi thu ngn ny trong axit HNO3 long, d, ri in phn dung dch.
C. khuy loi thu ngn ny trong dung dch HgSO4 long, d ri lc dung dch.
D. t nng loi thu ngn ny v ho tan sn phm bng axit HCl.
Cu 198: C th iu ch c Ag nguyn cht t dung dch AgNO3 vi dung dch no sau y ?
A. Fe(NO3)3. B. Fe(NO3)2. C. Al(NO3)3. D. Mg(NO3)2.
Cu 199: Vng b ln tp cht l Fe. thu c vng tinh khit, ngi ta c th cho dng lng
d dung dch
A. CuSO4. B. FeSO4. C. Fe2(SO4)3. D. ZnSO4.
Cu 200: C hn hp 3 kim loi Ag, Fe, Cu. Ch dng mt dung dch c th thu c Ag ring r
m khng lm khi lng thay i. Dung dch l :
A. AgNO3. B. Cu(NO3)2. C. Fe(NO3)3. D. Hg(NO3)2.
Cu 201: thu ly Ag tinh khit t hn hp X (gm x mol Al2O3, y mol CuO, z mol Ag2O),
ngi ta ho tan X bi dung dch cha (6x + 2y + 2z) mol HNO3 c dung dch Y, sau thm
(gi s hiu sut cc phn ng u l 100%)
A. 2z mol bt Al vo Y. B. z mol bt Cu vo Y.
C. z mol bt Al vo Y. D. 2z mol bt Cu vo Y.
Cu 202: iu ch Cu c tinh khit cao t qung malachit Cu(OH)2.CuCO3 (X) ; ngi ta c
th tin hnh
A. cho X tc dng vi dung dch HCl ri in phn dung dch thu c.
B. cho X tc dng vi dung dch HCl ri cho dung dch thu c tc dng vi km.
C. nung X n khi lng khng i ri kh bng CO nhit cao.
D. nung X n khi lng khng i ri kh bng H2 nhit cao.
Cu 203: T qung olomit (CaCO3.MgCO3) ta phi dng phng php no v ho cht no sau
y iu ch kim loi Ca v Mg ring bit ?
A. nhit phn ; H2O ; in phn nng chy.
B. nhit phn ; H2O ; H2SO4 ; in phn nng chy.
C. nhit phn ; HCl ; in phn dung dch.
D. nhit phn ; H2O ; HCl ; in phn nng chy.
Cu 204*: T cc nguyn liu NaCl, CaCO3, H2O, K2CO3 v cc iu kin cn thit c , c th
iu ch c cc n cht
A. Na, Cl2, C, H2, Ca, K. B. Ca, Na, K, C, Cl2, O2.
C. Na, H2, Cl2, C, Ca, O2. D. Ca, Na, C, K, H2, Cl2, O2.
Cu 205: Mt loi ng thau c cha 59,63% Cu v 40,37% Zn. Hp kim ny c cu to tinh th
ca hp cht ho hc gia ng v km. Cng thc ho hc ca hp kim l :
A. Cu3Zn2. B. Cu2Zn3. C. Cu2Zn. D. CuZn2.
Cu 206: Hn hp kh A gm clo v oxi. A phn ng va ht vi mt hn hp gm 4,8 gam magie
v 8,1 gam nhm to ra 37,05 gam hn hp cc mui clorua v oxit hai kim loi. Thnh phn % th
tch ca oxi v clo trong hn hp A l :
A. 26,5% v 73,5%. B. 45% v 55%.
C. 44,44% v 55,56%. D. 25% v 75%.

Cu 207: Ha tan 15 gam hn hp X gm hai kim loi Mg v Al vo dung dch Y gm HNO3 v

H2SO4 c thu c 0,1 mol mi kh SO2, NO, NO2, N2O. Bit rng khng c phn ng to mui
NH4NO3. Phn trm khi lng ca Al v Mg trong X ln lt l :
A. 63% v 37%. B. 36% v 64%. C. 50% v 50%. D. 46% v 54%.
Cu 208: Mt hn hp bt 2 kim loi Mg v R c chia thnh 2 phn bng nhau :
- Phn 1 cho tc dng vi HNO3 d thu c 1,68 lt N2O duy nht.
- Phn 2 ha tan trong 400 ml HNO3 long 0,7M, thu c V lt kh khng mu, ha nu trong
khng kh. Gi tr ca V (bit cc th tch kh u o ktc) l :
A. 2,24 lt. B. 1,68 lt. C. 1,568 lt. D. 4,48 lt.
Cu 209: Ha tan hon ton m gam hn hp 3 kim loi cha r ha tr bng dung dch HNO3 thu
c V lt hn hp kh A (ktc) gm NO2 v NO (khng sinh ra mui NH4NO3). T khi hi ca A
so vi H2 bng 18,2. Tng s gam mui khan to thnh theo m v V l :
A. m + 6,0893V. B. m + 3,2147. C. m + 2,3147V. D. m + 6,1875V.
Cu 210: Cho hn hp A gm 0,200 mol Al, 0,350 mol Fe phn ng ht vi V lt dung dch HNO3
1M, thu c dung dch B, hn hp G gm 0,050 mol N2O v 0,040 mol N2 v cn 2,800 gam kim
loi. Gi tr V l :
A. 1,200. B. 1,480. C. 1,605. D. 1,855.
Cu 211*: Cho 29 gam hn hp gm Al, Cu v Ag tc dng va vi 950 ml dung dch HNO3
1,5M, thu c dung dch cha m gam mui v 5,6 lt hn hp kh X (ktc) gm NO v N2O. T
khi ca X so vi H2 l 16,4. Gi tr ca m l
A. 98,20. B. 97,20. C. 98,75. D. 91,00.
Cu 212: Ho tan ht 14,4 gam kim loi M trong dung dch H2SO4 c, nng, thu c SO2 l sn
phm kh duy nht. Cho ton b lng SO2 ny hp th vo 0,75 lt dung dch NaOH 0,7M, sau
phn ng em c cn dung dch c 31,35 gam cht rn. Kim loi M l :
A. Ca. B. Mg. C. Fe. D. Cu.
Cu 213: Khi ha tan cng mt lng kim loi R vo dung dch HNO3 c, nng v vo dung dch
H2SO4 long th th tch kh NO2 thu c gp 3 ln th tch kh H2 cng iu kin. Khi lng
mui sunfat thu c bng 62,81% khi lng mui nitrat to thnh. Khi lng nguyn t v tn
ca R l :
A. 27, nhm. B. 52, crom. C. 56, st. D. 65, Zn.
Cu 214: Ha tan m gam hn hp A gm Fe v mt kim loi M (c ha tr khng i) trong dung
dch HCl d th thu c 1,008 lt kh (ktc) v dung dch cha 4,575 gam mui khan.
a. Gi tr m l :
A. 2,9775. B. 1,38. C. 0,255. D. 4,48.
b*. Ha tan ht cng lng hn hp A trn trong dung dch hn hp HNO3 c v H2SO4 nhit
thch hp th thu c 1,8816 lt hn hp hai kh (ktc) c t khi so vi H2 l 25,25. Tn kim
loi m l :
A. Fe. B. Al. C. Ca. D. Mg.
Cu 215: C mt cc ng m gam dung dch cha HNO3 v H2SO4. Ho tan ht 3,64 gam kim loi
M (c ho tr khng i) vo dung dch trong cc th thu c 2,1504 lt (ktc) hn hp 2 kh NO2
v X, sau phn ng khi lng cc cht trong cc gim 1,064 gam so vi m. Kim loi M l :
A. Fe. B. Cu. C. Al. D. Zn.
Cu 216: Cho m gam Mg vo dung dch cha 0,12 mol FeCl3. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton
A. 2,88. B. 2,16. C. 4,32. D. 5,04.

Cu 217: Cho 200 ml dung dch AgNO3 1M tc dng vi 100 ml dung dch FeCl2 0,1 M thu c
khi lng kt ta l :
Cu 218: Cho 100 ml dung dch FeCl2 1,2M tc dng vi 200 ml dung dch AgNO3 2M, thu c
m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 12,96. B. 34,44. C. 47,4. D. 30,18.
Cu 219: Ho tan hon ton 24,4 gam hn hp gm FeCl2 v NaCl (c t l s mol tng ng 1 : 2)
vo mt lng nc (d), thu c dung dch X. Cho dung dch AgNO3 (d) vo dung dch X, sau
khi phn ng xy ra hon ton sinh ra m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l :
A. 68,2. B. 28,7 . C. 10,8 . D. 57,4.
Cu 220: Cho 100 ml dung dch AgNO3 2a mol/l vo 100 ml dung dch Fe(NO3)2 a mol/l. Sau khi
phn ng kt thc thu c 8,64 gam cht rn v dung dch X. Cho dung dch HCl d vo X thu
c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 11,48. B. 14,35. C. 17,22. D. 22,96.
Cu 221: Cho m gam bt Cu vo 400 ml dung dch AgNO3 0,2M, sau mt thi gian phn ng thu
c 7,76 gam hn hp cht rn X v dung dch Y. Lc tch X, ri thm 5,85 gam bt Zn vo Y,
sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c 10,53 gam cht rn Z. Gi tr ca m l :
A. 3,84. B. 6,40. C. 5,12 . D. 5,76.
Cu 222: Cho m gam bt Zn vo 500 ml dung dch Fe2(SO4)3 0,24M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra
ca m l :
A. 32,50. B. 20,80. C. 29,25. D. 48,75.
Cu 223: Nhng mt thanh Mg vo 200 ml dung dch Fe(NO3)3 1M, sau mt thi gian ly thanh
kim loi ra cn li thy khi lng tng 0,8 gam. S gam Mg tan vo dung dch l :
Cu 224: Nhng mt thanh st nng 100 gam vo 100 ml dung dch hn hp gm Cu(NO3)2 0,2M
v AgNO3 0,2M. Sau mt thi gian ly thanh kim loi ra, ra sch lm kh cn c 101,72 gam
(gi thit cc kim loi to thnh u bm ht vo thanh st). Khi lng st phn ng l :
Cu 225: Cho 2,7 gam hn hp bt X gm Fe v Zn tc dng vi dung dch CuSO4. Sau mt thi
A. 58,52%. B. 51,85%. C. 48,15%. D. 41,48%.
Cu 226: Tin hnh 2 th nghim sau : Th nghim 1 : Cho m gam bt st (d) vo V1 lt dung dch
Cu(NO3)2 1M ; Th nghim 2 : Cho m gam bt st (d) vo V2 lt dung dch AgNO3 0,1M. Sau khi
cc th nghim u xy ra hon ton, khi lng cht rn thu c 2 th nghim u bng nhau.
Gi tr ca V1 so vi V2 l :
A. V1 = 10V2. B. V1 = 5V2. C. V1 = 2V2. D. V1 = V2.
Cu 227: Cho 6,596 gam hn hp Mg v Zn tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long, d thu c
2,3296 lt H2 (ktc). Mt khc, 13,192 gam hn hp trn tc dng vi 100 ml dung dch CuSO4 thu
c 13,352 gam cht rn. Nng mol ca dung dch CuSO4 l :
A. 0,04M. B. 0,25M. C. 1,68M. D. 0,04M hoc 1,68M.
Cu 228: Nhng 1 thanh kim loi ha tr II vo dung dch CuSO4 d. Sau phn ng khi lng
thanh kim loi gim 0,24 gam. Cng thanh kim loi nu nhng vo dung dch AgNO3 th khi
phn ng xong thy khi lng thanh kim loi tng 0,52 gam. Kim loi l :
A. Pb. B. Cd. C. Sn. D. Al.
Cu 229: Ly 2 thanh kim loi R ho tr II c khi lng p gam. Thanh 1 nhng vo dung dch
Cu(NO3)2 ; thanh 2 nhng vo dung dch Pb(NO3)2. Sau th nghim thanh 1 gim 0,2%, thanh 2
tng 28,4%. Bit s mol mui nitrat ca R to ra trong 2 dung dch bng nhau. Vy R l :
A. Fe. B. Ni. C. Zn. D. Mg.
Cu 230: Cho hn hp kim loi gm x mol Zn v y mol Fe vo dung dch cha z mol CuSO4. Kt
thc phn ng thu c dung dch thu cha 2 mui. Xc nh iu kin ph hp cho kt qu trn ?
A. x z. B. x z. C. z x + y. D. x < z x + y.
Cu 231: Cho x mol Al v y mol Zn vo dung dch cha z mol Fe v t mol Cu2+. Cho bit 2t/3 <
2+
x. Cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. iu kin ca y theo x, z, t dung dch thu c c cha 3 loi
ion kim loi l :
A. y < z 3x + t. B. y < z + t 3x/2.
C. y < 2z + 3x t. D. y < 2z 3x + 2t.
Cu 232: Cho hn hp gm 1,2 mol Mg v x mol Zn vo dung dch cha 2 mol Cu2+ v 1 mol Ag+
n khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c mt dung dch cha ba ion kim loi. Trong cc gi
tr sau y, gi tr no ca x tho mn trng hp trn ?
A. 2. B. 1,2. C. 1,5. D. 1,8.
Cu 233: Cho 2,24 gam bt st vo 200 ml dung dch cha hn hp gm AgNO3 0,1M v
Cu(NO3)2 0,5M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch X v m gam cht rn
Y. Gi tr ca m l :
A. 2,80. B. 4,08. C. 2,16. D. 0,64.
Cu 234: Cho 19,3 gam hn hp bt Zn v Cu c t l mol tng ng l 1 : 2 vo dung dch cha
0,2 mol Fe2(SO4)3. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c m gam kim loi. Gi tr ca m
l :
A. 6,40. B. 16,53. C. 12,00. D. 12,80.
Cu 235: Cho 6,48 gam bt kim loi nhm vo 100 ml dung dch hn hp Fe2(SO4)3 1M v ZnSO4
0,8M. Sau khi kt thc phn ng, thu c m gam hn hp cc kim loi. Gi tr ca m l :
Cu 236: Cho 0,3 mol magie vo 100 ml dung dch hn hp cha Fe(NO3)3 2M v Cu(NO3)2 1M,
sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, khi lng kim loi thu c l :
A. 12 gam. B. 11,2 gam C. 13,87 gam. D. 16,6 gam.
Cu 237: Cho hn hp bt gm 2,7 gam Al v 5,6 gam Fe vo 650 ml dung dch AgNO3 1M. Sau
khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l :
A. 3,24. B. 64,8. C. 59,4. D. 54,0.
Cu 238: Cho hn hp bt gm 9,6 gam Cu v 2,8 gam Fe vo 550 ml dung dch AgNO3 1M. Sau
khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l (bit th t trong dy
th in ho: Fe3+/Fe2+ ng trc Ag+/Ag) :
A. 54,0. B. 48,6. C. 32,4. D. 59,4.
Cu 239: Cho hn hp X (dng bt) gm 0,01 mol Al v 0,025 mol Fe tc dng vi 400 ml dung
dch hn hp Cu(NO3)2 0,05M v AgNO3 0,125M. Kt thc phn ng, lc kt ta cho nc lc tc
dng vi dung dch NaOH d thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l :
Cu 240: Cho m gam hn hp X gm Al v Na tc dng vi H2O d, thu c 8,96 lt kh H2
(ktc) v cn li mt lng cht rn khng tan. Khi lng ca Na trong m gam X l :

Cu 241: Chia m gam hn hp gm Al v Na lm hai phn bng nhau :

- Phn 1 cho vo nc d thu c 13,44 lt kh (ktc).
- Phn 2 cho vo dung dch NaOH d thu c 20,16 lt kh (ktc). Gi tr ca m l
A. 40,8 gam. B. 20,4 gam. C. 33 gam. D. 43,8 gam.
Cu 242: Trn 5,6 gam bt st vi 3,2 gam bt lu hunh ri nung nng trong iu kin khng c
khng kh, thu c hn hp rn Y. Cho Y tc dng vi lng d dung dch HCl, gii phng hn
hp kh Z v cn li mt phn khng tan G. t chy hon ton Z v G cn va V lt O2 (
ktc). Gi tr ca V l :
A. 2,8. B. 3,36. C. 3,08. D. 4,48.
Cu 243: Cho 16,2 gam kim loi M c ho tr n tc dng vi 0,15 mol O2. Cht rn thu c sau
phn ng em ho tan vo dung dch HCl d thy thot ra 13,44 lt H2 (ktc). Kim loi M l :
A. Fe. B. Al. C. Ca. D. Mg.
Cu 244: Cho m gam bt st vo dung dch hn hp gm 0,15 mol CuSO4 v 0,2 mol HCl. Sau khi
cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 0,725m gam hn hp kim loi. Gi tr ca m l
A. 16,0. B. 18,0. C. 16,8 . D. 11,2.
Cu 245: Chia hn hp X gm K, Al v Fe thnh hai phn bng nhau.
- Cho phn 1 vo dung dch KOH (d) thu c 0,784 lt kh H2 (ktc).
- Cho phn 2 vo mt lng d H2O, thu c 0,448 lt kh H2 (ktc) v m gam hn hp kim
loi Y. Ha tan hon ton Y vo dung dch HCl (d) thu c 0,56 lt kh H2 (ktc).
Khi lng (tnh theo gam) ca K, Al, Fe trong mi phn hn hp X ln lt l :
A. 0,39 ; 0,54 ; 1,40. B. 0,78 ; 0,54 ; 1,12. C. 0,39 ; 0,54 ; 0,56. D. 0,78 ; 1,08 ; 0,56.
Cu 246: Ha tan hon ton 28,8 gam kim loi Cu vo dung dch HNO3 long, tt c kh NO thu
c em oxi ha thnh NO2 ri sc vo nc c dng oxi chuyn ht thnh HNO3. Th tch kh
oxi ktc tham gia vo qu trnh trn l :
A. 100,8 lt. B. 10,08 lt. C. 50,4 lt. D. 5,04 lt.
Cu 247: Cho hn hp gm 0,01 mol Al v 0,02 mol Mg tc dng vi 100 ml dung dch cha
AgNO3 v Cu(NO3)2, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c m gam cht rn X gm 3 kim
loi, X tc dng hon ton vi HNO3 c, d thu c V lt NO2 ( ktc v duy nht). Gi tr ca V
l :
A. 1,232. B. 1,456. C. 1,904. D. 1,568.
Cu 248: Cho 18,5 gam hn hp gm Fe v Fe3O4 tc dng vi 200 ml dung dch HNO3 long, un
nng. Sau phn ng thu c 2,24 lt kh NO duy nht (ktc), dung dch D v cn li 1,46 gam kim
loi. Nng mol ca dung dch HNO3 l :
A. 3,2M. B. 3,5M. C. 2,6M. D. 5,1M.
Cu 249: Nung 2,23 gam hn hp X gm cc kim loi Fe, Al, Zn, Mg trong oxi, sau mt thi gian
thu c 2,71 gam hn hp Y. Ha tan hon ton Y vo dung dch HNO3 (d), thu c 0,672 lt
kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). S mol HNO3 phn ng l
A. 0,12 . B. 0,14. C. 0,16. D. 0,18.
Cu 250*: t 16,2 gam hn hp X gm Al v Fe trong kh Cl2 thu c hn hp cht rn Y. Cho
Y vo nc d, thu c dung dch Z v 2,4 gam kim loi. Dung dch Z tc dng c vi ti a
0,21 mol KMnO4 trong dung dch H2SO4 (khng to ra SO2). Phn trm khi lng ca Fe trong
hn hp X l
A. 72,91%. B. 64,00%. C. 37,33%. D. 66,67%.

Cu 251*: t chy hn hp gm 1,92 gam Mg v 4,48 gam Fe vi hn hp kh X gm clo v oxi,

sau phn ng ch thu c hn hp Y gm cc oxit v mui clorua (khng cn kh d) ha tan Y
bng mt lng va 120 ml dung dch HCl 2M, thu c dung dch Z. Cho AgNO3 d vo dung
dch Z, thu c 56,69 gam kt ta. Phn trm th tch ca clo trong hn hp X l :
A. 51,72%. B. 76,70%. C. 53,85%. D. 56,36%.
Cu 252*: Cho 18,4 gam hn hp X gm Cu2S, CuS, FeS2 v FeS tc dng ht vi HNO3 (c
nng d) thu c V lt kh ch c NO2 ( ktc, sn phm kh duy nht) v dung dch Y. Cho ton
b Y vo mt lng d dung dch BaCl2, thu c 46,6 gam kt ta, cn khi cho ton b Y tc
dng vi dung dch NH3 d thu c 10,7 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca V l :
A. 38,08. B. 11,2. C. 24,64. D. 16,8.
Cu 253*: Nung nng m gam bt Fe vi S trong bnh kn khng c khng kh, sau mt thi gian
thu c 12,8 gam hn hp rn X gm Fe, FeS, FeS2, S. Ho tan hon ton X trong dung dch
H2SO4 c nng d, thu c 10,08 lt kh SO2 (sn phm kh duy nht). Gi tr ca m l :
A. 5,6. B. 8,4. C. 11,2. D. 2,8.
Cu 254: Cho 1,82 gam hn hp bt X gm Cu v Ag (t l s mol tng ng 4 : 1) vo 30 ml
dung dch gm H2SO4 0,5M v HNO3 2M, sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c a mol
kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht ca N+5). Trn a mol NO trn vi 0,1 mol O2 thu c hn hp kh
Y. Cho ton b Y tc dng vi H2O, thu c 150 ml dung dch c pH = z. Gi tr ca z l :
A. 1. B. 3. C. 2. D. 4.
Cu 255*: Cho 0,87 gam hn hp gm Fe, Cu v Al vo bnh ng 300 ml dung dch H2SO4 0,1M.
A. 0,112 lt v 3,750 gam. B. 0,112 lt v 3,865 gam.
C. 0,224 lt v 3,750 gam. D. 0,224 lt v 3,865 gam.
Cu 256: in phn nng chy mui clorua ca kim loi M. catot thu c 20,55 gam kim loi
v anot c 3,36 lt kh (ktc) thot ra. Mui clorua l :
A. NaCl. B. KCl. C. BaCl2. D. CaCl2.
Cu 257: in phn nng chy a gam mt mui X to bi kim loi M v mt halogen thu c
0,896 lt kh nguyn cht (ktc). Cng a gam X trn nu ha tan vo 100 ml dung dch HCl 1M ri
cho tc dng vi AgNO3 d th thu c 25,83 gam kt ta. Tn ca halogen l :
A. Flo. B. Clo. C. Brom. D. Iot.
Cu 258: in phn nng chy a gam mt mui X to bi kim loi M v mt halogen thu c
0,224 lt kh nguyn cht (ktc). Cng a gam X trn nu ha tan vo 100 ml dung dch HCl 0,5M
ri cho tc dng vi AgNO3 d th thu c 10,935 gam kt ta. Tn ca halogen l :
A. Flo. B. Clo. C. Brom. D. Iot.
Cu 259: in phn nng chy a gam mui A to bi kim loi M v halogen X thu c 0,96 gam
M catot v 0,896 lt kh anot. Mt khc ho tan a gam mui A vo nc ri cho dung dch trn
tc dng vi AgNO3 d c 11,48 gam kt ta. Cng thc ca mui A l :
A. CaCl2. B. MgCl2. C. CaBr2. D. MgBr2.
Cu 260*: in phn nng chy Al2O3 vi anot than ch (hiu sut in phn 100%) thu c m kg
A. 54,0. B. 75,6. C. 67,5. D. 108,0.
Cu 261: in phn dng in cc tr dung dch mui sunfat kim loi ho tr 2 vi cng dng
in 3A. Sau 1930 giy thy khi lng catot tng 1,92 gam. Mui sunfat in phn l :
A. CuSO4. B. NiSO4. C. MgSO4. D. ZnSO4.
Cu 262: in phn bng in cc tr dung dch mui sunfat ca kim loi ho tr II vi dng in
c cng 6A. Sau 29 pht in phn thy khi lng catot tng ln 3,45 gam. Kim loi l :
A. Zn. B. Cu. C. Ni. D. Sn.
Cu 263: in phn dung dch KCl (d) vi in cc tr, mng ngn xp thi gian 16,1 pht dng
in I = 5A thu c 500 ml dung dch A. pH ca dung dch A c gi tr l :
A. 12,7. B. 1. C. 13. D. 1,3.
Cu 264: in phn 200 ml dung dch CuSO4 vi I = 1,93A ti khi catot bt u c bt kh thot ra
th dng li, cn thi gian l 250 giy. Th tch kh thu c anot (ktc) v nng mol ca dung
dch CuSO4 l :
A. 28 ml ; 0,0125M. B. 28 ml ; 0,025M.
C. 56 ml ; 0,0125M. D. 280 ml ; 0,025M.
Cu 265: in phn dung dch CuSO4 (in cc tr) cho n khi catot thu c 3,2 gam kim loi
th dng in phn. Dung dch sau in phn c th tch l 1000 ml. pH ca dung dch sau in
phn v th tch kh (ktc) thu c anot l :
A. 1 ; 3,36 lt. B. 2 ; 0,56 lt. C. 1 ; 0,56 lt. D. 3 ; 2,24 lt.
Cu 266: in phn dung dch X cha 0,4 mol M(NO3)2 (vi in cc tr) trong thi gian 48 pht
15 giy, thu c 11,52 gam kim loi M ti catot v 2,016 lt kh (ktc) ti anot. Tn kim loi M v
cng dng in l :
A. Fe v 24A. B. Zn v 12A. C. Ni v 24A. D. Cu v 12A.
Cu 267: in phn 200 ml dung dch AgNO3 0,4M (in cc tr) trong thi gian 4 gi, cng
dng in l 0,402A. Nng mol/l cc cht c trong dung dch sau in phn l (gi s th tch
dung dch thay i khng ng k) :
A. AgNO3 0,15M v HNO3 0,25M. B. AgNO3 0,1M v HNO3 0,3M.
C. AgNO3 0,1M. D. HNO3 0,3M.
Cu 268: in phn dung dch AgNO3 (in cc tr) trong thi gian 15 pht, thu c 0,432 gam
Ag catot. Sau lm kt ta ht ion Ag+ cn li trong dung dch sau in phn cn dng 25 ml
dung dch NaCl 0,4M. Cng dng in v khi lng AgNO3 ban u l (Ag=108)
A. 0,429A v 2,38 gam. B. 0,492A v 3,28 gam.
C. 0,429A v 3,82 gam. D. 0,249A v 2,38 gam.
Cu 269: in phn c mng ngn 150 ml dung dch BaCl2. Kh thot ra anot c th tch l 112
ml (ktc). Dung dch cn li trong bnh in phn sau khi c trung ha bng HNO3 phn ng
va vi 20 gam dung dch AgNO3 17%. Nng mol dung dch BaCl2 trc in phn l :
A. 0,01M. B. 0,1M. C. 1M. D. 0,001M.
Cu 270: in phn 200 ml dung dch mui nitrat kim loi M ha tr I in cc tr cho n khi b
mt catot xut hin bt kh th ngng in phn. trung ha dung dch sau in phn phi cn 250
ml dung dch NaOH 0,8M. Nu ngm 1 thanh Zn c khi lng 50 gam vo 200 ml dung dch mui
nitrat trn, phn ng xong khi lng l Zn tng thm 30,2% so vi khi lng ban u. Tnh nng
mol mui nitrat v kim loi M ?
A. [MNO3]=1M, Ag. B. [MNO3]=0,1M, Ag.
C. [MNO3]=2M, Na. D. [MNO3]=0,011M, Cu.
Cu 271: in phn 100 ml dung dch CuSO4 nng 0,5M vi in cc tr mt thi gian th thy
khi lng catot tng 1 gam. Nu dng dng in mt chiu c cng 1A, th thi gian in
phn ti thiu l :
A. 0,45 gi. B. 40 pht 15 giy. C. 0,65 gi. D. 50 pht 16 giy.

Cu 272: in phn 100 ml dung dch CuSO4 0,2 M vi I = 9,65A. Tnh khi lng Cu bm ln
catot khi thi gian in phn t1 = 200 giy, t2 = 500 giy ln lt l :
A. 0,32 gam v 0,64 gam. B. 0,64 gam v 1,28 gam.
C. 0,64 gam v 1,32 gam. D. 0,32 gam v 1,28 gam.
Cu 273*: Ha tan 13,68 gam mui MSO4 vo nc c dung dch X. in phn X (vi in cc
tr, cng dng in khng i) trong thi gian t giy, c y gam kim loi M duy nht catot
v 0,035 mol kh anot. Cn nu thi gian in phn l 2t giy th tng s mol kh thu c c
hai in cc l 0,1245 mol. Gi tr ca y l :
A. 4,480. B. 3,920. C. 1,680. D. 4,788.
Cu 274: Ha tan 4,5 gam tinh th MSO4.5H2O vo nc c dung dch X. in phn dung dch
X vi in cc tr v cng dng in 1,93A. Nu thi gian in phn l t giy th thu c kim
loi M catot v 156,8 ml kh ti anot. Nu thi gian in phn l 2t giy th thu c 537,6 ml kh.
Bit th tch cc kh o ktc. Kim loi M v thi gian t ln lt l :
A. Ni v 1400 giy. B. Cu v 2800 giy.
C. Ni v 2800 giy. D. Cu v 1400 giy.
Cu 275: Ho tan a mol Fe3O4 bng dung dch H2SO4 va , thu c dung dch X. in phn X
vi 2 in cc tr bng dng in cng 9,65A. Sau 1000 giy th kt thc in phn v khi
trn catot bt u thot ra bt kh. Gi tr ca a l :
A. 0,0125. B. 0,050. C. 0,025. D. 0,075.
Cu 276: in phn 200 ml dung dch cha Cu(NO3)2 0,2M v AgNO3 0,1M vi anot bng Cu,
cng dng in 5A, sau mt thi gian thy khi lng anot gim 1,28 gam.
a. Khi lng kim loi thot ra trn catot l :
b. Thi gian in phn l :
A. 386 giy. B. 1158 giy. C. 772 giy. D. 965 giy.
Cu 277: in phn dung dch B gm 0,04 mol CuSO4 v 0,04 mol Ag2SO4 trong thi gian 38 pht
36 giy vi in cc tr, cng dng in 5A. Khi lng kim loi thot ra catot l :
Cu 278: in phn 100 ml dung dch Cu(NO3)2 0,2M v AgNO3 0,1M vi cng dng in I =
3,86 A. Tnh thi gian in phn c mt khi lng kim loi bm bn catot l 1,72 gam.
A. 250 giy. B. 1000 giy. C. 500 giy. D. 750 giy.
Cu 279: in phn dung dch hn hp gm 0,1 mol FeCl3, 0,2 mol CuCl2 v 0,1 mol HCl (in
cc tr). Khi catot bt u thot kh th anot thu c V lt kh (ktc). Bit hiu sut ca qu
trnh in phn l 100%. Gi tr ca V l :
A. 5,60. B. 11,20. C. 22,40. D. 4,48.
Cu 280: in phn 100 ml hn hp dung dch gm FeCl3 1M, FeCl2 2M, CuCl2 1M v HCl 2M
vi in cc tr c mng ngn xp, cng dng in l 5A trong 2 gi 40 pht 50 giy, catot
thu c
A. 5,6 gam Fe. B. 2,8 gam Fe. C. 6,4 gam Cu. D. 4,6 gam Cu.
Cu 281: in phn dung dch hn hp cha 0,1 mol FeCl3, 0,2 mol CuCl2 v 0,1 mol HCl (in
cc tr, mng ngn xp). Khi catot bt u si bt kh th dng in phn. Ti thi im ny khi
lng catot tng

Cu 282: in phn c mng ngn 500 ml dung dch cha hn hp gm CuCl2 0,1M v NaCl 0,5M
A. 4,05. B. 2,70. C. 1,35. D. 5,40.
Cu 283: in phn 200 ml dung dch hn hp gm HCl 0,1M v CuCl2 0,5M bng in cc tr.
Khi catot c 3,2 gam Cu th th tch kh thot ra anot l :
A. 0,672 lt. B. 1,12 lt. C. 6,72 lt. D. 0,448 lt.
Cu 284: in phn (in cc tr) dung dch X cha 0,2 mol CuSO4 v 0,12 mol NaCl bng dng
A. 2,240 lt. B. 2,912 lt. C. 1,792 lt. D. 1,344 lt.
Cu 285*: in phn 200 ml dung dch hn hp gm HCl 0,1M v CuSO4 0,5M bng in cc tr.
Khi catot c 3,2 gam Cu th th tch kh thot ra anot l :
A. 0,672 lt. B. 0,84 lt. C. 6,72 lt. D. 0,448 lt.
Cu 286*: in phn 200 ml dung dch hn hp gm HCl 0,1M v FeSO4 0,5M bng in cc tr.
Khi catot c 5,6 gam Fe th th tch kh thot ra anot l :
A. 0,672 lt. B. 0,84 lt. C. 1,344 lt. D. 0,448 lt.
Cu 287: Ha tan 50 gam tinh th CuSO4.5H2O vo 200 ml dung dch HCl 0,6 M thu c dung
dch X. em in phn dung dch X (cc in cc tr) vi cng dng in 1,34A trong 4 gi.
Khi lng kim loi thot ra catot v th tch kh thot ra anot ( ktc) ln lt l (Bit hiu
sut in phn l 100%) :
A. 6,4 gam v 1,792 lt. B. 10,8 gam v 1,344 lt.
C. 6,4 gam v 2,016 lt. D. 9,6 gam v 1,792 lt.
Cu 288: in phn 200 ml dung dch Y gm KCl 0,1M v Cu(NO3)2 0,2M vi cng dng
in 5A trong thi gian 1158 giy, in cc tr, mng ngn xp. Gi s nc bay hi khng ng
k. gim khi lng ca dung dch sau khi in phn l :
A. 3,59 gam. B. 2,31 gam. C. 1,67 gam. D. 2,95 gam
Cu 289: in phn 2 lt dung dch hn hp gm NaCl v CuSO4 n khi H2O b in phn hai
cc th dng li, ti catot thu 1,28 gam kim loi v anot thu 0,336 lt kh (ktc). Coi th tch dung
dch khng i th pH ca dung dch thu c l :
A. 3. B. 2. C. 12. D. 13.
Cu 290: C hai bnh in phn mc ni tip nhau. Bnh 1 cha dung dch CuCl2, bnh 2 cha dung
dch AgNO3. Tin hnh in phn vi in cc tr, kt thc in phn thy catot ca bnh 1 tng ln
1,6 gam. Khi lng catot ca bnh 2 tng ln l :
Cu 291: C 2 bnh in phn mc ni tip bnh 1 cha CuCl2, bnh 2 cha AgNO3. Khi anot ca
bnh 1 thot ra 22,4 lt mt kh duy nht th anot ca bnh 2 thot ra bao nhiu lt kh ? (Bit cc
th tch o cng iu kin).
A. 11,2 lt. B. 22,4 lt. C. 33,6 lt. D. 44,8 lt.
Cu 292: C hai bnh in phn mc ni tip : Bnh 1 cha 100 ml dung dch CuSO4 0,1M ; Bnh 2
cha 100 ml dung dch NaCl 0,1M tin hnh in phn c mng ngn cho ti khi bnh hai to ra
dung dch c pH = 13 th ngng in phn. Gi s th tch dung dch hai bnh khng i. Nng
mol ca Cu2+ trong dung dch bnh 1 sau in phn l :
A. 0,04M. B. 0,10M. C. 0,05M. D. 0,08M.

Cu 293: Cho mt dng in c cng I khng i i qua 2 bnh in phn mc ni tip, bnh 1
cha 100 ml dung dch CuSO4 0,01M, bnh 2 cha 100 ml dung dch AgNO3 0,01M. Bit rng sau
thi gian in phn 500 giy th bnh 2 xut hin kh bn catot. Cng dng in I, khi lng
Cu bm vo catot v th tch kh (ktc) xut hin anot ti bnh 1 l :
A. 0,193A ; 0,032 gam Cu ; 5,6 ml O2. B. 0,193A ; 0,032 gam Cu ; 11,2 ml O2.
C. 0,386A ; 0,64 gam Cu ; 22,4 ml O2. D. 0,193A ; 0,032 gam Cu ; 22,4 ml O2.
Cu 294: Mc ni tip hai bnh in phn : bnh (1) cha dung dch MCl2 v bnh (2) cha dung
dch AgNO3. Sau 3 pht 13 giy th catot bnh (1) thu c 1,6 gam kim loi cn catot bnh (2)
thu c 5,4 gam kim loi. C hai bnh u khng thy kh thot ra catot. Kim loi M l v cng
dng in dng l :
A. Zn ; 25A. B. Cu ; 25A. C. Cu ; 12,5A. D. Pb ; 25A.
Cu 295: Tin hnh in phn (vi in cc Pt) 200 gam dung dch NaOH 10% n khi dung dch
NaOH trong bnh c nng 25% th ngng in phn. Th tch kh ( ktc) thot ra anot v
catot ln lt l :
A. 149,3 lt v 74,7 lt. B. 156,8 lt v 78,4 lt.
C. 78,4 lt v 156,8 lt. D. 74,7 lt v 149,3 lt.
Cu 296: in phn 200 ml dung dch CuSO4 (dung dch X) vi in cc tr sau thi gian ngng
in phn th thy khi lng X gim. Dung dch sau in phn tc dng va vi 500 ml dung
dch BaCl2 0,3M to kt ta trng. Cho bit khi lng ring dung dch CuSO4 l 1,25g/ml ; sau
in phn lng H2O bay hi khng ng k. Nng mol/lt v nng % dung dich CuSO4
trc in phn l :
A. 0,35M, 8%. B. 0,52, 10%. C. 0,75M, 9,6%. D. 0,49M, 12%.
Cu 297: in phn 100 ml dung dch CuSO4 0,1M cho n khi va bt u si bt bn catot th
ngng in phn. pH ca dung dch sau in phn (hiu sut 100%, th tch dung dch c xem
nh khng i) l :
A. pH = 1,0. B. pH = 0,7. C. pH = 1,3. D. pH = 2,0.
Cu 298: Sau mt thi gian in phn 200 ml dung dch CuCl2 thu c 1,12 lt kh X ( ktc).
Ngm inh st vo dung dch sau in phn, khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thy khi lng inh st
tng thm 1,2 gam. Nng mol ca CuCl2 ban u l :
A. 1M. B. 1,5M. C. 1,2M. D. 2M.
Cu 299: in phn dung dch CuCl2 vi in cc tr, sau mt thi gian thu c 0,32 gam Cu
catot v mt lng kh X anot. Hp th hon ton lng kh X trn vo 200 ml dung dch NaOH
( nhit thng). Sau phn ng, nng NaOH cn li l 0,05M (gi thit th tch dung dch
khng thay i). Nng ban u ca dung dch NaOH l :
A. 0,15M. B. 0,2. C. 0,1. D. 0,05.
Cu 300: in phn dung dch NaCl n ht (c mng ngn, in cc tr), cng dng in
1,61A th ht 60 pht. Thm 0,03 mol H2SO4 vo dung dch sau in phn th thu c mui vi
khi lng l :
Cu 301: in phn 200 ml dung dch CuSO4 vi in cc tr v cng dng in 1A. Khi thy
catot bt u c bt kh thot ra th dng in phn. trung ha dung dch thu c sau khi in
phn cn dng 100 ml dung dch NaOH 0,1M. Thi gian in phn v nng mol ca dung dch
CuSO4 ban u l :
A. 965 giy v 0,025M. B. 1930 giy v 0,05M.
C. 965 giy v 0,05M. D. 1930 giy v 0,025M.

Cu 302: in phn 500 ml dung dch AgNO3 vi in cc tr cho n khi catot bt u c kh

thot ra th ngng li. trung ha dung dch sau in phn cn 800 ml dung dch NaOH 1M.
Nng mol AgNO3 v thi gian in phn l bao nhiu (bit I = 20A) ?
A. 0,8M, 3860 giy. B. 1,6M, 3860 giy.
C. 1,6M, 360 giy. D. 0,4M, 380 giy.
Cu 303: Sau mt thi gian in phn 100 ml dung dch CuSO4 vi in cc tr, khi lng dung
dch gim 4 gam. lm kt ta ht ion Cu2+ cn li trong dung dch sau khi in phn cn dng 50
ml dung dch H2S 0,5M. Nng mol/l ca dung dch CuSO4 trc lc in phn l :
A. 0,375M. B. 0,420M. C. 0,735M D. 0,750M.
Cu 304: in phn (vi in cc tr) 200 ml dung dch CuSO4 nng x mol/l, sau mt thi gian
thu c dung dch Y vn cn mu xanh, c khi lng gim 8 gam so vi dung dch ban u. Cho
16,8 gam bt Fe vo Y, sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 12,4 gam kim loi. Gi tr
ca x l :
A. 2,25. B. 1,5. C. 1,25. D. 3,25.
Cu 305: in phn 200 ml dung dch CuSO4 vi in cc tr bng dng in mt chiu I = 9,65
A. Khi th tch kh thot ra c hai in cc u l 1,12 lt (ktc) th dng in phn. Khi lng
kim loi sinh ra catot v thi gian in phn l :
A. 3,2 gam v 2000 giy. B. 3,2 gam v 800 giy.
C. 6,4 gam v 3600 giy. D. 5,4 gam v 800 giy.
Cu 306*: in phn 200 ml dung dch Fe(NO3)2. Vi dng in mt chiu cng dng in
1A trong 32 pht 10 giy th va in phn ht Fe2+, ngng in phn v yn dung dch mt thi
gian th thu c 0,28 gam kim loi. Khi lng dung dch gim l :
Cu 307*: in phn 200 ml dung dch Cu(NO3)2 n khi bt u c kh thot ra catot th ngng.
yn dung dch cho n khi khi lng khng i th khi lng catot tng 3,2 gam so vi lc
cha in phn. Nng mol/l ca dung dch Cu(NO3)2 trc phn ng l :
A. 0,5M. B. 0,9M. C. 1M. D. 1,5M.
Cu 308: Tin hnh in phn hon ton dung dch X cha 200 ml dung dch AgNO3 v Cu(NO3)2
thu c 56 gam hn hp kim loi catot v 4,48 lt kh anot (ktc). Nng mol AgNO3 v
Cu(NO3)2 trong X ln lt l :
A. 2M v 1M. B. 1M v 2M. C. 2M v 4M. D. 4M v 2M.
Cu 309: in phn 400 ml dung dch cha 2 mui KCl v CuCl2 vi in cc tr v mng ngn
cho n khi anot thot ra 3,36 lt kh (ktc) th ngng in phn. trung ha dung dich sau in
phn cn 100 ml dung dch HNO3 1M. Dung dch sau khi trung ha tc dng vi AgNO3 d sinh ra
2,87 gam kt ta trng. Nng mol ca mi mui trong dung dch trc in phn l :
A. [CuCl2] = 0,25M, [KCl] = 0,03M. B. [CuCl2] = 0,25M, [KCl] = 3M.
C. [CuCl2] = 2,5M, [KCl] = 0,3M. D. [CuCl2] = 0,25M, [KCl] = 0,3M.
Cu 310: in phn dung dch gm 7,45 gam KCl v 28,2 gam Cu(NO3)2 (in cc tr, mng ngn
Cu 311: in phn (in cc tr, mng ngn xp) mt dung dch cha m gam hn hp CuSO4 v
NaCl cho ti khi nc bt u b in phn c hai in cc th dng li. anot thu c 0,448 lt
kh (ktc). Dung dch sau in phn c th ho tan ti a 0,68 gam Al2O3. Khi lng ca m l :
A. 4,47. B. 4,97. C. 4,47 hoc 5,97. D. 4,47 hoc 4,97.

Trong ci ri c ci may
(Dn tr) - Ngy xa c mt ng vua c rt nhiu cn thn thn tn. Tuy nhin ng ta t ra c bit
yu mn mt ngi trong s h bi ngi ny rt thng minh, gii giang v lun lun a ra nhng
li khuyn hu ch.
Mt ngy n, nh vua b mt con ch cn vo ngn tay v vt thng ngy cng tr nn trm trng.
Nh vua lin hi ngi cn thn rng c phi mt im xu hay khng. Ngi cn thn tr li:
l iu tt hay xu th kh m c th ni trc c, tha c vua. Cui cng, ngn tay ca
nh vua b hoi t nng v cn phi ct b. Nh vua lin hi li ngi cn thn: Hn y l mt
im xu?. Mt ln na, ngi cn thn vn tr li nh c: Tt hay xu rt kh ni, tha c
vua. Nh vua tc gin tng giam ngi cn thn ca mnh.
Vo mt ngy nh vua i sn trong rng. ng khp khi mng thm khi mi m ui theo mt con
nai ri ngy cng dn su hn vo rng rm. Cui cng nh vua nhn thy mnh b lc. iu ti t
hn l ng b th dn bt li lm vt t thn. Nhng h bt ng nhn ra rng nh vua thiu mt mt
ngn tay. Ngay lp tc h th nh vua ra v ng ta khng phi l mt ngi n ng hon ho v
khng ph hp dng ln c Thnh Thn.
Sau nh vua tm c ng v cung in. Nh vua hiu ra li ni ca ngi cn thn nm

xa: Tt hay xu th kh m c th ni trc c. Nu khng b mt mt ngn tay, nh vua c
th b git.
Ngay lp tc, nh vua truyn lnh th ngi cn thn ca mnh v xin li anh ta. Nhng ngi cn
thn khng c v g on trch nh vua khi b t y. Tri li, ngi cn thn ni: khng hn l
iu ti t khi c vua giam thn li.
Ti sao?, nh vua hi.
Bi nu c vua khng giam thn li, thn s c i theo trong chuyn i sn. Nu ngi dn bn
a nhn ra rng nh vua khng thch hp cho vic cng t, h s s dng thn dng ln v thn
ca h.
i khi chng ta lun cm thy tht vng, au bun khi mi th khng sun s nh mong i.
Cng c khi cm gic nh c th gii ang sp . Khi iu xy, khng c g l sai khi chng ta
khc hoc cm thy tht vng. Nhng mt khi bn bnh tnh v kim sot bn thn tr li, hy th
nhn chng di mt gc khc, c th bn s nhn ra rng chng khng ti t nh bn ngh v
i khi l c hi bn c c iu tt hn. C nhng iu tng chng nh thun li ban u li
c kt thc ti t v ngc li.
Khng c g thc s xc nh c l xu hay tt. Hay chng ch l vn m chng ta nhn n

theo chiu hng tch cc hay bi quan m thi.
Ni cch khc, trong ci ri c ci may, v iu quan trng nht l khng bao gi c t b hi

vng. Bi v th gii vn lun c mt ni tt p v cuc sng vn mun mu.

CHUYN 2: KIM LOI KIM, KIM LOI KIM TH, NHM
BI 1 : KIM LOI KIM V HP CHT CA KIM LOI KIM
A. L THUYT
PHN 1 : KIM LOI KIM
I. V tr v cu to nguyn t
1. V tr ca kim loi kim trong bng tun hon
Su nguyn t ho hc ng sau cc nguyn t kh him l liti (Li), natri (Na), kali (K), rubii (Rb),
xesi (Cs), franxi (Fr) c gi l cc kim loi kim. Cc kim loi kim thuc nhm IA, ng u mi
chu k (tr chu k 1).
2. Cu to v tnh cht ca nguyn t kim loi kim
Cu hnh electron : Kim loi kim l nhng nguyn t s. Lp electron ngoi cng ca nguyn t ch
c 1e, phn lp ns1 (n l s th t ca chu k). So vi nhng electron khc trong nguyn t th
electron ns1 xa ht nhn nguyn t nht, do d tch khi nguyn t.
Nng lng ion ho : Cc nguyn t kim loi kim c nng lng ion ho I1 nh nht so vi cc
kim loi khc. V d :
Kim loi : Na Mg Al Fe Zn
I1 (kJ/mol): 497 738 578 759 906
Do vy, cc kim loi kim c tnh kh rt mnh :
M M+ + e
Trong nhm kim loi kim, nng lng ion ho I1 gim dn t Li n Cs.
S oxi ho : Trong cc hp cht, nguyn t kim loi kim ch c s oxi ho +1.
Th in cc chun : Cc cp oxi ho - kh M+/M ca kim loi kim u c th in cc chun
c gi tr rt m.
II. Tnh cht vt l
Bng : Mt s hng s vt l ca kim loi kim
Nguyn t Li Na K Rb Cs
Nhit si (oC) 1330 892 760 688 690
Nhit nng chy (oC) 180 98 64 39 29
Khi lng ring (g/cm3) 0,53 0,97 0,86 1,53 1,90
cng (kim cng c 0,6 0,4 0,5 0,3 0,2
cng l 10)
Mng tinh th Lp phng tm khi

III. Tnh cht ha hc

Bng : Mt s i lng c trng ca kim loi kim
Nguyn t Li Na K Rb Cs
1 1 1 1
Cu hnh electron [He]2s [Ne]3s [Ar]4s [Kr]5s [Xe]6s1
Bn knh nguyn t (nm) 0,123 0,157 0,203 0,216 0,235
Nng lng ion ho I1 520 497 419 403 376
(kJ/mol)
m in 0,98 0,93 0,82 0,82 0,79
Th in cc chun - 3,05 - 2,71 - 2,93 - 2,92 - 2,92
E o + (V)
M /M
Cc nguyn t kim loi kim u c nng lng ion ho I1 thp v th in cc chun Eo c gi

tr rt m. V vy kim loi kim c tnh kh rt mnh.
Hu ht cc kim loi kim c th kh c cc phi kim. V d, kim loi Na chy trong mi
trng kh oxi kh to ra natri peoxit Na2O2. Trong hp cht peoxit, oxi c s oxi ho -1 :
2Na + O2 Na2O2 (r)
Natri tc dng vi oxi trong khng kh kh nhit phng, to ra Na2O :
4Na + O2 2Na2O (r)
2. Tc dng vi axit
Do th in cc chun ca cp oxi ho - kh E o2H+ /H = 0,00 V, th in cc chun ca cp oxi
2
ho - kh ca kim loi kim c gi tr t 3,05 V n 2,94 V, nn cc kim loi kim u c th

kh d dng ion H+ ca dung dch axit (HCl, H2SO4 long) thnh kh H2 (phn ng gy n nguy
him) :
2M + 2H+ 2M+ + H2
3. Tc dng vi nc
V th in cc chun E oM + /M ca kim loi kim nh hn nhiu so vi th in cc chun ca
nc ( E oH2O/H2 = -0,41 V) nn kim loi kim kh c nc d dng, gii phng kh hiro :
2M + H2O 2MOH + H2
Do vy, cc kim loi kim c bo qun bng cch ngm chm trong du ho.
IV. ng dng v iu ch
1. ng dng ca kim loi kim
Kim loi kim c nhiu ng dng quan trng :
Ch to hp kim c nhit nng chy thp dng trong thit b bo chy,...
Cc kim loi kali v natri dng lm cht trao i nhit trong mt vi loi l phn ng ht
nhn.
Kim loi xesi dng ch to t bo quang in.
Kim loi kim c dng iu ch mt s kim loi him bng phng php nhit luyn.
Kim loi kim c dng lm cht xc tc trong nhiu phn ng hu c.

2. iu ch kim loi kim

Kim loi kim d b oxi ho thnh ion dng, do vy trong t nhin kim loi kim ch tn ti
dng hp cht.
iu ch kim loi kim bng cch kh ion ca chng :
M+ + e M
Tuy nhin, khng c cht no kh c ion kim loi kim.
Phng php duy nht iu ch kim loi kim l in phn nng chy hp cht halogenua ca
kim loi kim.
V d, in phn mui NaCl nng chy.
h nhit nng chy ca NaCl 800oC xung nhit thp hn, ngi ta dng hn
hp gm 2 phn NaCl v 3 phn CaCl2 theo khi lng. Hn hp ny c nhit nng chy di
600oC. Cc dng (anot) bng than ch (graphit), cc m (catot) bng thp. Gia hai cc c vch
ngn bng thp.
Cc phn ng xy ra cc in cc :
catot (cc m) xy ra s kh ion Na+ thnh kim loi Na :
Na+ + e Na
anot (cc dng) xy ra s oxi ho ion Cl thnh Cl2 :
2Cl Cl2 + 2e
pnc
Phng trnh in phn : 2NaCl
2Na + Cl2
PHN 2 : MT S HP CHT QUAN TRNG CA KIM LOI KIM
I. Natri hiroxit, NaOH

1. Tnh cht
Natri hiroxit l cht rn, khng mu, d ht m, d nng chy (322oC), tan nhiu trong nc.
Natri hiroxit l baz mnh, khi tan trong nc n phn li hon ton thnh ion :
NaOH Na+ + OH
Tc dng vi axit, oxit axit to thnh mui v nc.
Tc dng vi mt s dung dch mui, to ra baz khng tan. V d :
Cu2+ + 2OH Cu(OH)2
2. iu ch
in phn dung dch NaCl (c vch ngn) :
in phn
2NaCl + 2H2O
H2 + Cl2 + 2NaOH
c vch ngn
Dung dch NaOH thu c c ln nhiu NaCl. Ngi ta cho dung dch bay hi nc nhiu ln,
NaCl t tan so vi NaOH nn kt tinh trc. Tch NaCl ra khi dung dch, cn li l dung dch
NaOH.
II. Natri hirocacbonat v natri cacbonat
1. Natri hirocacbonat, NaHCO3
a. Tnh cht
NaHCO3 t tan trong nc.
B phn hu bi nhit :
o
t
2NaHCO3 Na2CO3 + H2O + CO2
Tnh lng tnh :

- NaHCO3 l mui ca axit yu, tc dng c vi nhiu axit :
NaHCO3 + HCl NaCl + H2O + CO2
HCO3- + H+ H2O + CO2
Trong phn ng ny, ion HCO3- nhn proton, th hin tnh cht ca baz.
- NaHCO3 l mui axit, tc dng c vi dung dch baz to ra mui trung ho :
NaHCO3 + NaOH Na2CO3 + H2O
HCO3- + OH CO32- + H2O
Trong phn ng ny, ion HCO3- nhng proton, th hin tnh cht ca axit.
Nhn xt : Mui NaHCO3 c tnh lng tnh, l tnh cht ca ion HCO3- : Khi tc dng vi axit,
n th hin tnh baz ; khi tc dng vi baz, n th hin tnh axit. Tuy nhin, tnh baz chim u
th nn dung dch NaHCO3 c tnh baz.
b. ng dng
Natri hirocacbonat c dng trong y hc, cng ngh thc phm, ch to nc gii kht,...
2. Natri cacbonat, Na2CO3
a. Tnh cht
Natri cacbonat d tan trong nc, nng chy 850oC.
Na2CO3 l mui ca axit yu, tc dng c vi nhiu axit :
Na2CO3 + 2HCl 2NaCl + H2O + CO2
CO32- + 2H+ H2O + CO2
Ion CO32- nhn proton, c tnh cht ca mt baz. Mui Na2CO3 c tnh baz.
b. ng dng
Mui natri cacbonat l nguyn liu trong cng nghip sn xut thu tinh, x phng, giy, dt v
iu ch nhiu mui khc. Dung dch natri cacbonat dng ty sch vt du m bm trn chi tit
my trc khi sn, trng kim loi. Natri cacbonat cn c dng trong cng nghip sn xut cht
ty ra.

B. PHNG PHP GII BI TP V KIM LOI KIM V HP CHT

CA KIM LOI KIM
I. Kim loi kim

Phng php gii
Bn cht phn ng ca kim loi kim vi nc, vi dung dch axit l phn ng oxi ha - kh.
Trong kim loi kim kh H+ ca axit hoc H+ ca nc gii phng H2. Do tnh oxi ha ca
axit ln hn ca nc nn khi cho kim loi kim d (cho tng lng nh) vo dung dch axit th
phn ng xy ra theo th t u tin nh sau :
2M + 2H+ 2M+ + H2 (1)
+ -
2M + 2H2O 2M + 2OH + H2 (2)
Phng php gii bi tp dng ny ch yu l tnh ton theo phng trnh phn ng. i vi hn
hp cc kim loi kim th nn s dng phng php trung bnh, phng php ng cho. Khi gp
bi tp hn hp kim loi kim phn ng vi cc cht oxi ha khc nhau th nn s dng phng
php bo ton electron.
Cc v d minh ha
1. Phn ng vi nc
V d 1: Cho 3,9 gam kali vo 101,8 gam nc thu c dung dch KOH c nng % l bao
nhiu ?
A. 5,31%. B. 5,20%. C. 5,30%. D. 5,50%.
Hng dn gii
Theo gi thit ta c : n K = 0,1 mol.
Phng trnh phn ng :
2K + 2H2O 2KOH + H2 (1)
mol: 0,1 0,05
Theo (1) v p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng ta c :
m dd sau phan ng = m K + m H O m H = 105,6 gam.
2 2
Nng phn trm ca dung dch KOH l :

0,1.56
C%KOH = .100 = 5,3%.
105,6
p n C.
V d 2: Cho m gam Na tan ht vo 500 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,04M c 500 ml dung dch c
pH = 13. Gi tr ca m l :
Hng dn gii
Gi s mol ca Na l x mol suy ra s mol NaOH to thnh cng l x mol.
Tng s mol OH- = s mol ca NaOH + 2.s mol ca Ba(OH)2 = (x + 0,04) mol.
Dung dch thu c c pH = 13 suy ra pOH = 1 suy ra [OH-] = 10-1 =0,1M.
Vy ta c : (x + 0,04) = 0,1.0,5 x = 0,01 Khi lng ca Na l 0,23 gam.
p n A.

V d 3: Cho 4,017 gam mt kim loi kim X ha tan vo nc d c dung dch Y. Trung ha
dung dch Y cn va 0,103 mol HCl. Kim loi X l :
A. Na. B. Li. C. Rb. D. K.
Hng dn gii
Gi kim loi cn tm l M.
Phng trnh phn ng :
2M + 2H2O 2MOH + H2 (1)
mol: 0,103 0,103
MOH + HCl MCl + H2O (2)
mol: 0,103 0,103
4, 017
n M = n MOH = n HCl = 0,103 mol M = = 39 gam / mol M la K.
0,103
p n D.
V d 4: Hn hp X gm hai kim loi A, B nm k tip nhau trong cng nhm IA. Ly 6,2 gam X
ho tan hon ton vo nc thu c 2,24 lt hiro (ktc). A, B l :
A. Li, Na. B. Na, K. C. K, Rb. D. Rb, Cs.
Hng dn gii
t cng thc chung ca A v B l R
Phng trnh phn ng :
2R + 2H2O 2ROH + H2
mol: 0,2 0,1
6, 2
M= = 31 (g/mol). Vy 2 kim loi l Na (23) v K (39).
0, 2
p n B.
V d 5: Cho 3,6 gam hn hp X gm K v mt kim loi kim M tc dng va ht vi nc, thu
c 2,24 lt H2 0,5 atm v 0oC. Bit s mol kim loi M trong hn hp ln hn 10% tng s mol
2 kim loi. M l kim loi :
A. K. B. Na. C. Li. D. Rb.
Hng dn gii
Gi khi lng mol trung bnh ca hai kim loi kim l M .
Phng trnh phn ng :
2K + 2H2O 2KOH + H2 (1)
2M + 2H2O 2MOH + H2 (2)
PV 3, 6
Theo cc phn ng ta thy : n (K, M) = 2.n H 2 = 2. = 0,1 mol M = = 36 gam/mol.
RT 0,1
V M < MK nn M > MM M c th l Na hoc Li.
p dng s ng cho ta c :
nM 39 36 3 n nM 3
= = M = = (3)
n K 36 M M 36 M M n X n M + n K 3 + 36 M M
nA
Theo gi thit nM > 10%.nX > 10% = 0,1 (4)
nX
T (3) v (4) MM > 9 M l Na.

p n B.
2. Phn ng vi axit
V d 1: A l hn hp 2 kim loi kim X v Y thuc 2 chu k k tip. Nu cho A tc dng va
vi dung dch HCl th thu c a gam 2 mui, cn nu cho A tc dng va vi dung dch H2SO4
th thu c 1,1807a gam 2 mui. X v Y l :
A. Li v Na. B. Na v K. C. K v Rb. D. Rb v Cs.
Hng dn gii
t cng thc chung ca hai kim loi kim l R, khi lng mol trung bnh ca chng l M .
Chn s mol ca R tham gia phn ng l 1 mol.
Phng trnh phn ng :
2R + 2HCl 2RCl + H2 (1)
mol: 1 1
2R + H2SO4 R2SO4 + H2 (2)
mol: 1 0,5
Khi lng ca mui clorua l : ( M +35,5) = a. (3)
Khi lng mui sunfat l : 0,5.(2 M +96) =1,1807a. (4)
T (3) v (4) ta c M =33,67.
Nhn xt : MNa < M < MK X v Y l Na v K.
p n B.
V d 2: Ha tan ht mt lng Na vo dung dch HCl 10% thu c 46,88 gam dung dch gm
NaCl v NaOH v 1,568 lt H2 (ktc). Nng % NaCl trong dung dch thu c l :
A. 14,97. B. 12,48. C. 12,68. D. 15,38.
Hng dn gii
Phng trnh phn ng :
2Na + 2HCl 2NaCl + H2 (1)
mol : x x x 0,5y
2Na + 2H2O 2NaOH + H2 (2)
mol : y y y 0,5y
Theo cc phn ng v nh lut bo ton khi lng ta c :
36,5x
23(x + y) + 2(0,5x + 0,5y) = 46,88 (3)
10%
Mt khc s mol ca hiro l : 0,5x + 0,5y = 0,07 (4)
T (3) v (4) ta c : x = 0,12 ; y = 0,02
0,12.58,5
Nng % NaCl trong dung dch thu c l : .100% = 14,97% .
46,88
p n A.

V d 3: Cho Na d tc dng vi a gam dung dch CH3COOH. Kt thc phn ng, thy khi lng
11a
H2 sinh ra l gam. Vy nng C% dung dch axit l :
240
A. 10%. B. 25%. C. 4,58%. D. 36%.
Hng dn gii
Chn a = 240 gam. S gam H2 gii phng l 11 gam.
Cch 1 :
11 240.C%
nH = = 5,5 mol; n CH COOH = = 0, 04C mol;
2
2 3
60
240 240.C% 240 2, 4.C
nH O = = mol.
2
18 18
Phng trnh phn ng :
2CH3COOH + 2NaOH 2CH3COONa + H2 (1)
2H2O + 2NaOH 2NaOH + H2 (2)
240 2, 4C
T (1), (2) suy ra : n CH COOH + n H O = 2.n H 0, 04C + = 2.5,5 C = 25 .
3 2 2
18
p n B.
Cch 2 :
Trong dung dch axit axetic, t s mol ca CH3COOH l x v s mol ca nc l y.
Khi lng ca dung dch l 240 gam nn suy ra :
60x + 18y = 240 (*)
Theo (1) v (2) ta thy s mol H2 bng mt na s mol ca CH3COOH v H2O nn suy ra :
x y 11
+ = (**).
2 2 2
x = 1
T (*) v (**) ta c
y = 10
60
Vy nng phn trm ca axit axetic l : C% = .100 = 25%.
240
p n B.
Em chn cch no ?
V d 4: Cho x gam dung dch H2SO4 nng y% tc dng ht vi mt lng d hn hp khi
lng Na, Mg. Lng H2 (kh duy nht) thu c bng 0,05x gam. Nng phn trm ca dung
dch H2SO4 l :
A. 15,5%. B. 15,81%. C. 18,5%. D. 8,45% .
Hng dn gii
Gi s khi lng dung dch H2SO4 ban u x = 100 gam.
0, 05.100
m H SO = y gam ; n H = = 2,5 mol .
2 4 2
2
Phng trnh phn ng :
2Na + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + H2 (1)
Mg + H2SO4 MgSO4 + H2 (2)

Do Na v Mg cn d nn c phn ng :
2Na + 2H2O 2NaOH + H2 (3)
2NaOH + MgSO4 Na2SO4 + Mg(OH)2 (4)
y
Theo phng trnh (1) v (2) n H (1), (2)
= n H SO = mol
2 2 4
98
1 1 100 y 100 y
Theo phng trnh (3) n H =
nH O = . = mol
2 (3)
2 2 2 18 36
Vy tng s mol H2 thu c cc phng trnh trn l :
y 100 y
n H = + = 2,5 y = 15,81
2
98 36
C%(H SO ) = 15,81% .
2 4
p n B.
II. Hp cht ca kim loi kim
1. Pha ch dung dch kim
i vi dng bi tp ny ta thng s dng phng php ng cho hoc tnh ton i s
thng thng.
V d 1: thu c 500 gam dung dch KOH 25% cn ly m1 gam dung dch KOH 35% pha vi
m2 gam dung dch KOH 15%. Gi tr m1 v m2 ln lt l :
A. 400 v 100. B. 325 v 175. C. 300 v 200. D. 250 v 250.
Hng dn gii
m1 35 25 15 m1 10 1
25 = =
m 2 10 1
m2 15 35 25
Mt khc m1 + m2 = 500 nn suy ra m1 = m2 = 250.

p n D.
V d 2: T 20 gam dung dch NaOH 40% v nc ct pha ch dung dch NaOH 16%. Khi lng
nc (gam) cn dng l :
A. 27. B. 25,5. C. 54. D. 30.
Hng dn gii
m1 = 20 40 16 0 20 16
16 = m 2 = 30
m 2 24
m2 0 40 16
p n D.

V d 3: Ho tan 200 gam dung dch NaOH 10% vi 600 gam dung dch NaOH 20% c dung
dch A. Nng % ca dung dch A l :
A. 18%. B. 16%. C. 17,5%. D. 21,3%.
Hng dn gii
m1= 200 10 20 C 200 20 C
C = C = 17,5
600 C 10
m2 = 600 20 C 10
p n C.
Nhn xt : Trong trng hp ny ta dng phng php thng thng s nhanh hn !
200.10% + 600.20%
C% = .100% = 17,5% .
200 + 600
V d 4: T 300 ml dung dch NaOH 2M v nc ct, pha ch dung dch NaOH 0,75M. Th tch
nc ct (ml) cn dng l :
A. 150. B. 500. C. 250. D. 350.
Hng dn gii
VHCl 2 0,75 0 = 0,75
300 0, 75
= V = 500
0,75 V 1, 25
VH O 0 2 0,75 = 1,25
2
p n B.
V d 5: Pha long 1 lt dung dch NaOH c pH = 13 bng bao nhiu lt nc c dung dch
mi c pH = 11 ?
A. 9. B. 99. C. 10. D. 100.
Hng dn gii
Dung dch NaOH c pH = 13 pOH = 1 C1 = [OH-] = 10-1.
Dung dch NaOH sau khi pha long c pH = 11 pOH = 3 C2 = [OH-] = 10-3.
p dng cng thc c cn, pha long dung dch ta c :
V1 C2 V C 1.101
= V2 = 1 1 = = 100 lt VH2O = V2 V1 = 100 1 = 99 lt.
V2 C1 C2 103
p n B.
2. Dung dch kim phn ng vi dung dch axit
i vi dng bi tp ny ta thng s dng phng php ng cho hoc tnh ton theo
phng trnh ion rt gn.
V d 1: Trn 3 dung dch HNO3 0,3M; H2SO4 0,2M v H3PO4 0,1M vi nhng th tch bng nhau
thu c dung dch X. Dung dch Y gm KOH 0,1M v Ba(OH)2 0,2M. trung ha 300 ml dung
dch X cn va V ml dung dch Y. Gi tr ca V l :
A. 600. B. 1000. C. 333,3. D. 200.
Hng dn gii
Th tch ca mi dung dch axit ban u cn pha trn vi nhau to ra 300 ml dung dch X l
100 ml.

S mol H+ trong 300 ml dung dch X bng tng s mol H+ c trong cc dung dch axit ban u
l :
n H+ = n HNO3 + 2.n H2SO4 + 3.n H3PO4 = 0,1.(0,3 + 2.0, 2 + 3.0,1) = 0,1 mol.
Phng trnh phn ng :
H + + OH H 2 O (1)
Theo (1) ta thy trung ha ht 0,1 mol H + th cn 0,1 mol OH .
n OH = n KOH + 2.n Ba (OH)2 = 0, 5V mol 0,5V = 0,1 V= 0,2 lt = 200 ml.
p n D.
V d 2: Cho mt mu hp kim Na-Ba tc dng vi nc (d), thu c dung dch X v 3,36 lt H2
(ktc). Th tch dung dch axit H2SO4 2M cn dng trung ho dung dch X l :
A. 150 ml. B. 75 ml. C. 60 ml. D. 30 ml.
Hng dn gii
Phng trnh phn ng :
2Na + 2H2O 2Na+ + 2OH- + H2
Ba + 2H2O Ba2+ + 2OH- + H2
H+ + OH H2O
Theo phng trnh v gi thit ta suy ra :
n H + = n OH (dd X) = 2n H2 = 0,3 mol n H 2SO4 = 0,15 mol
0,15
VH 2SO4 = = 0,075 lt (75 ml).
2
p n B.
V d 3: Trn 100 ml dung dch hn hp gm H2SO4 0,05M v HCl 0,1M vi 100 ml dung dch
hn hp gm NaOH 0,2M v Ba(OH)2 0,1M thu c dung dch X. Dung dch X c pH l :
A. 1,2. B. 1,0. C. 12,8. D. 13,0.
Hng dn gii
n H+ = n HCl + 2.n H2SO4 = 0, 02 mol ; n OH = n NaOH + 2.n Ba (OH)2 = 0, 04 mol .
Phng trnh phn ng :
H+ + OH H2O (1)
mol: 0,02 0,02
Suy ra sau phn ng : n OH ( d ) = 0,04 0,02 = 0,02 mol.
0, 02
OH = = 0,1 = 101 pOH = 1 pH = 13.
0, 2
p n D.
V d 4: Trn 250 ml dung dch cha hn hp HCl 0,08M v H2SO4 0,01M vi 250 ml dung dch
NaOH aM thu c 500 ml dung dch c pH = 12. Gi tr a l :
A. 0,13M. B. 0,12M. C. 0,14M. D. 0.10M.
Hng dn gii
Cch 1 : S dng phng trnh ion rt gn v tnh ton i s thng thng
Tng s mol ion H+ trong dung dch axit l :

n H+ = n HCl + 2n H2 SO4 = 0, 25.0, 08 + 2.0, 01.0, 25 = 0, 025 mol.

Tng s mol ion OH- trong dung dch baz l :
n OH = n NaOH = 0, 25a mol.
Dung dch sau phn ng c pH = 12, suy ra c pOH = 2, suy ra dung dch sau phn ng cn
baz d, [OH- d] = 10-2M = 0,01M.
Phng trnh phn ng :
H+ + OH H2O (1)
mol: 0,025 0,025
Theo (1) v gi thit ta thy sau phn ng s mol OH- d l (0,5a 0,025) mol.
0, 25a 0, 025
Nng OH- d l : = 0, 01 a = 0,12.
0, 25 + 0, 25
Cch 2 : S dng phng php ng cho
Nng H+ ban u l (0,08 + 0,01.2) = 0,1M.
Nng OH- ban u l aM.
Dung dch sau phn ng c pH = 12, suy ra OH- d, pOH = 2.
Nng OH- d l : 10-2 = 0,01M.
p dng s ng cho cho trng hp OH- d ta c :
VA H + b OH b OH d

OH d

VB OH b H + b + OH d

VA OH b OH d

a 0, 01 1
= = = a = 0,12 .
VB +
H b + OH d 0,1 + 0, 01 1
p n B.
V d 5: Trn ln 3 dung dch H2SO4 0,1M, HNO3 0,2M v HCl 0,3M vi nhng th tch bng
nhau thu c dung dch A. Ly 300 ml dung dch A cho phn ng vi V lt dung dch B gm
NaOH 0,2M v KOH 0,29M thu c dung dch C c pH = 2. Gi tr V l :
A. 0,134 lt. B. 0,214 lt. C. 0,414 lt. D. 0,424 lt.
Hng dn gii
Nng H + ban u l
( 0,1.2.0,1 + 0, 2.0,1 + 0,3.0,1) =
0, 7
M.
0,3 3
Nng OH ban u l (0,2 + 0,29) = 0,49M.
Dung dch sau phn ng c pH = 2, suy ra H + d. Nng H + d l 10-2 = 0,01M.
p dng s ng cho cho trng hp H+ d ta c :
VA OH b + H d 0, 49 + 0, 01 0, 3
+
= = = V = 0,134 .
VB H + b H + d 0, 7 V
0, 01
3
p n A.
V d 6: Dung dch A gm HCl 0,2M ; HNO3 0,3M ; H2SO4 0,1M ; HClO4 0,3M, dung dch B gm
KOH 0,3M ; NaOH 0,4M ; Ba(OH)2 0,15M. Cn trn A v B theo t l th tch l bao nhiu
c dung dch c pH = 13 ?
A. 11: 9. B. 9 : 11. C. 101 : 99. D. 99 : 101.
Hng dn gii
+
Nng H ban u l : (0,2 + 0,3 + 0,1.2 + 0,3) = 1M.
Nng OH ban u l : (0,3 + 0,4 + 0,15.2) = 1M.
Dung dch sau phn ng c pH = 13, suy ra OH d, pOH = 1.
Nng OH d l : 10-1 = 0,1M.
p dng s ng cho cho trng hp OH- d ta c :
VA OH b OH d 1 0,1 9

= = = .
VB H + b + OH d 1 + 0,1 11
p n B.
3. Dung dch NaOH, KOH phn ng vi dung dch H3PO4 hoc P2O5
Phng php gii

nOH
Tnh t l mol T = t xc nh sn phm sinh ra trong phn ng.
naxit
Vit phng trnh phn ng to ra cc sn phm, t n s mol cho cc cht cn tnh. T gi
thit suy mi quan h v s mol gia cc cht trong phn ng v cc cht sn phm, lp h phng
trnh, gii h phng trnh. T suy ra kt qu m yu cu.
Trn y ch l cc bc c bn gii bi tp dng ny, ngoi ra tnh ton nhanh ta cn p
dng linh hot nh lut bo ton khi lng, bo ton nguyn t, phng php ng cho,
phng php s dng phng trnh ion rt gn
Cc v d minh ha
V d 1: Cho 200 ml dung dch NaOH 1M tc dng vi 200 ml dung dch H3PO4 0,5M, mui thu
c c khi lng l :
A. 14,2 gam. B. 15,8 gam. C.16,4 gam. D.11,9 gam.
Hng dn gii
Theo gi thit ta c :
n NaOH 2
n NaOH = 0,2.1 = 0,2 mol; n H PO = 0,2.0,5 = 0,1 mol = Sn phm to thnh l
3 4
n H PO 1
3 4
Na2HPO4.
Phng trnh phn ng :
2NaOH + H3PO4 Na2HPO4 + 2H2O (1)
mol: 0,2 0,1 0,1
Theo (1) ta thy : n Na HPO = 0,1 mol n Na HPO = 142.0,1 = 14,2 gam.
2 4 2 4
p n A.

V d 2: Cho 14,2 gam P2O5 vo 200 gam dung dch NaOH 8% thu c dung dch A. Mui thu
c v nng % tng ng l :
A. Na2HPO4 v 11,2%. B. Na3PO4 v 7,66%.
C. Na2HPO4 v 13,26%. D. Na2HPO4; NaH2PO4 u l 7,66%.
Hng dn gii
Theo gi thit ta c :
14,2 200.8%
nP O = = 0,1 mol; n NaOH = = 0, 4 mol.
2
142
5
40
Khi cho P2O5 vo dung dch kim th trc tin P2O5 phn ng vi nc sau mi phn ng
vi dung dch kim.
Phng trnh phn ng :
P2O5 + 3H2O 2H3PO4 (1)
mol: 0,1 0,2
n NaOH 2
T l = Sn phm to thnh l Na2HPO4.
n H PO 1
3 4
2NaOH + H3PO4 Na2HPO4 + 2H2O (1)

mol: 0,4 0,2 0,2
Theo (1) ta thy : n Na HPO = 0,2 mol n Na HPO = 142.0,2 = 28, 4 gam.
2 4 2 4
Khi lng dung dch sau phn ng l : m = m dd NaOH + m P O = 200 + 14,2 = 214,2 mol.
2 5
Nng phn trm ca dung dch Na2HPO4 l :

28, 4
C%Na HPO = .100 = 13,26%.
2 4
214,2
p n C.
V d 3: Cho 100 ml dung dch NaOH 4M tc dng vi 100 ml dung dch H3PO4 aM thu c
25,95 gam hai mui. Gi tr ca a l:
A. 1. B. 1,75. C. 1,25. D. 1,5.
Hng dn gii
Theo gi thit ta c : n OH = n NaOH = 0, 4 mol.
Sau phn ng thu c 2 mui nn ta suy ra NaOH phn ng ht.
Bn cht phn ng :
H+ + OH- H2O (1)
mol: 0,4 0,4 0,4
S phn ng :
NaOH + H3PO4 Mui + H2O (2)
mol: 0,4 0,4
Cn c vo (1), (2) v p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng ta c :
m NaOH + m H PO = m muoi + m H O m H PO = 25,95 + 0,4.18 0,4.40 = 17,15 gam.
3 4 2 3 4
17,75 0,175
n H3PO4 = = 0,175 mol [H 3 PO 4 ] = = 1,75M.
98 0,1
p n B.
4. Dung dch NaOH, KOH phn ng vi CO2, SO2

V d 1: Nung 13,4 gam hn hp 2 mui cacbonat ca 2 kim loi ha tr II, sau khi phn ng xy ra
hon ton thu c 6,8 gam cht rn v kh X. Lng kh X sinh ra cho hp th vo 75 ml dung
dch NaOH 1M. Khi lng mui khan thu c sau phn ng l :
Hng dn gii
Nung mui cacbonat thu c kh X l CO2.
o
t
MCO3 MO + CO2
p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng ta c :
6,6
m CO = m MCO m chat ran = 13, 4 6,8 = 6,6 gam n CO = = 0,15 mol.
2 3 2
44
n NaOH 0, 075
Theo gi thit ta c n NaOH = 0, 075 mol = < 1 Mui to thnh l mui axit.
n CO 0,15
2
Phng trnh phn ng :

CO2 + NaOH NaHCO3 (1)
mol: 0,075 0,075 0,075
Theo (1) ta thy s mol ca NaHCO3 l 0,075 mol nn suy ra khi lng ca NaHCO3 l :
m NaHCO = 0,075.84 = 6,3 gam.
3
p n C.
V d 2: Hp th hon ton 2,24 lt CO2 (ktc) vo 100 ml dung dch gm K2CO3 0,2M v KOH x
mol/lt, sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c dung dch Y. Cho ton b Y tc dng vi
dung dch BaCl2 (d), thu c 11,82 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca x l :
A. 1,0. B. 1,4. C. 1,2. D. 1,6.
Hng dn gii
Nhn thy : n CO2 + n CO 2 > n BaCO3 nn suy ra trong dung dch Y cn cha c mui HCO3-.
3
p dng nh lut bo ton nguyn t i vi C ta c :

n CO2 + nCO 2 (trong K CO ) = n HCO + n CO 2 (trong BaCO ) n HCO = 0,06 mol.
3 2 3 3 3 3 3
Phng trnh phn ng :

CO2 + OH- HCO3- (1)
mol: 0,06 0,06 0,06
CO2 + 2OH- CO32- (2)
mol: (0,1 0,06) 0,08
Theo (1) v (2) ta thy :
1, 4
n OH = 0, 06 + 0, 08 = 1, 4 mol x = [KOH] = [OH ] =
1
= 1, 4M.
p n B.

5. Dung dch mui CO32- v HCO3- phn ng t t vi dung dch axit hoc ngc li
Lu : Trong dng bi tp ny th lng H+ m bi cho thng khng chuyn ht cc
ion CO32- v HCO3- thnh CO2 nn cho t t dung dch cha ion H+ (HCl, H2SO4, HNO3) vo dung
dch cha cc ion CO32- v HCO3- v lm ngc li th s thu c lng CO2 khc nhau.
Dng 1: Cho t t dung dch cha ion H+ (HCl, H2SO4, HNO3) vo dung dch
cha cc ion CO32- v HCO3-
Phng php gii
Khi cho t t dung dch cha ion H+ (HCl, H2SO4, HNO3) vo dung dch cha cc ion CO32- v
HCO3- th phn ng xy ra theo th t u tin :
CO32 + H + HCO3 (1)
HCO3 + H + CO2 + H 2O (2)
Phn ng (1) xy ra trc, (2) xy ra sau.
Cc v d minh ha
V d 1: Dung dch X cha hn hp gm Na2CO3 1,5M v KHCO3 1M. Nh t t tng git cho
n ht 200 ml dung dch HCl 1M vo 100 ml dung dch X, sinh ra V lt kh (ktc). Cho d dung
dch Ba(OH)2 vo dung dch X, thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m v V l :
A. 19,7 v 4,48. B. 39,4 v 1,12. C. 19,7 v 2,24. D. 39,4 v 3,36.
Hng dn gii
Theo gi thit ta c :
n CO 2 = n Na 2 CO3 = 0,15 mol ; n HCO = n KHCO3 = 0,1 mol ; n H + = n HCl = 0,2 mol.
3 3
Phng trnh phn ng :

H+ + CO 32 HCO 3 (1)
mol: 0,15 0,15 0,15
n H+ d = 0,05 mol ; n HCO3
= 0,1 + 0,15 = 0, 25 mol
Tip tc xy ra phn ng :
H+ + HCO 3 H2O + CO2 (2)
mol: 0,05 0,05 0,05
n CO2 = n H+ d = 0,05 mol V = 0,05.22,4 = 1,12 lt.
Trong dung dch X cn 0,2 mol HCO 3

Ba(OH)2 + HCO3- BaCO3 + OH- + H2O (3)
mol: 0,2 0,2
m BaCO3 = 0,2.197 = 39,4 gam.
p n B.

V d 2: Trn 100 ml dung dch A gm KHCO3 1M v K2CO3 1M vo 100 ml dung dch B gm

NaHCO3 1M v Na2CO3 1M thu c dung dch C. Nh t t 100 ml dung dch D gm H2SO4 1M
v HCl 1M vo dung dch C thu c V lt CO2 (ktc) v dung dch E. Cho dung dch Ba(OH)2 ti
d vo dung dch E th thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m v V ln lt l :
A. 82,4 gam v 2,24 lt. B. 4,3 gam v 1,12 lt.
C. 43 gam v 2,24 lt. D. 3,4 gam v 5,6 lt.
Hng dn gii

Dung dch C cha: HCO3 : 0,2 mol ; CO32 : 0,2 mol.
Dung dch D c tng: n H + = 0,3 mol ; n SO 2 = n Cl = 0,1 mol .
4
Nh t t dung dch C v dung dch D :

CO32 + H+ HCO3
mol: 0,2 0,2 0,2
n H+ d = 0,1 mol ; n HCO3
= 0, 2 + 0, 2 = 0, 4 mol.
Tip tc xy ra phn ng :
HCO3 + H+ H2O + CO2
mol: 0,1 0,1 0,1
VCO2 = 0,1.22,4 = 2,24 lt.
Trong dung dch E cn 0,3 mol HCO3. Tip tc cho dung dch Ba(OH)2 d vo E :
+ HCO3 + OH BaCO3 + H2O
Ba2+
mol: 0,3 0,3
2+ 2
Ba + SO4 BaSO4
mol: 0,1 0,1
Khi lng kt ta l : m = 0,3.197 + 0,1.233 = 82,4 gam.
p n A.
V d 3: Hp th hon ton 13,44 lt CO2 (ktc) bng 500 ml dung dch NaOH aM thu c dung
dch X. Cho t t 200 ml dung dch HCl 1M vo X c 1,12 lt kh (ktc) thot ra. Gi tr ca a l :
A. 1,5M. B. 1,2M. C. 2,0M. D. 1,0M.
Hng dn gii
Lng CO2 thot ra l 0,05 mol nh hn lng CO2 em phn ng l 0,6 mol chng t cn mt
lng CO2 nm trong dung dch dng ion HCO3- (v theo gi thit cho t t HCl vo dung dch X
c kh thot ra, chng t nu trong X c CO32- th cng chuyn ht thnh HCO3-).
Dung dch thu c sau tt c cc phn ng cha NaCl v NaHCO3. Trong s mol Cl- = s
mol HCl = 0,2 mol, s mol HCO3- = 0,6 0,05 = 0,55 mol. p dng nh lut bo ton in tch
suy ra mol Na+ = tng s mol ca Cl- v HCO3- = 0,2 + 0,55 = 0,75 mol. Vy nng mol ca
0, 75
dung dch NaOH = = 1,5M.
0,5
p n A.

Dng 2 : Cho t t dung dch cha cc ion CO32- v HCO3- vo dung dch cha ion
H+ (HCl, H2SO4, HNO3)
Phng php gii
Khi cho t t dung dch cha cc ion CO32- v HCO3- vo dung dch cha ion H+ (HCl, H2SO4,
HNO3) th phn ng xy ra ng thi theo ng t l mol ca cc ion CO32- v HCO3- c trong dung
dch.
CO32 + 2 H + CO2 + H 2O (1)
HCO3 + H + CO2 + H 2O (2)
Phn ng (1) v (2) xy ra ng thi.
Cc v d minh ha
V d 1: Thm t t n ht dung dch cha 0,2 mol KHCO3 v 0,1 mol K2CO3 vo dung dch cha
0,3 mol HCl. Th tch kh CO2 (ktc) thu c l :
A. 4,48 lt. B. 5,04 lt. C. 3,36 lt. D. 6,72 lt.
Hng dn gii
phn ng ht vi cc mui KHCO3 v K2CO3 th lng HCl cn dng l :
0,02 + 0,1.2= 0,4 mol > 0,3 mol HCl thiu, lng CO2 tnh theo HCl.
n HCO 2
Theo gi thit ta c : 3
=
n CO 2 1
3
Do ta gi s mol ca cc ion HCO3- v CO32- tham gia phn ng l 2x v x.

Khi cho t t dung dch cha cc ion CO32- v HCO3- vo dung dch cha ion H+ th phn ng
xy ra ng thi (1) v (2).
CO32 + 2H + CO2 + H 2O (1)
mol : x 2x x
HCO3 + H + CO 2 + H 2 O (2)
mol : 2x 2x 2x
Tong so mol H + la : 4x = 0,3 x = 0,075 VCO = 3.0,075.22,4 = 5,04 lt.
2
p n B.
V d 2: Cho rt t t 100 ml dung dch HCl x mol/l vo 100 ml dung dch Na2CO3 y mol/l thu
c 1,12 lt CO2 (ktc). Nu lm ngc li thu c 2,24 lt CO2 (ktc). Gi tr x, y ln lt l :
A. 1,5M v 2M. B. 1M v 2M. C. 2M v 1,5M. D. 1,5M v 1,5M.
Hng dn gii
- Cng lng HCl v Na2CO3 nhng thao tc th nghim khc nhau th thu c lng CO2
khc nhau, iu chng t lng HCl khng chuyn ht Na2CO3 thnh CO2.
- Khi cho t t dung dch Na2CO3 vo dung dch HCl th xy ra phn ng gii phng ngay kh
CO2 nn thng qua lng CO2 ta tnh c lng HCl ban u :
CO32 + 2H + CO 2 + H 2O (1)
mol : 0,1 0, 2 0,1
nHCl = n H + = 0,2 mol.
- Khi cho t t dung dch HCl vo dung dch Na2CO3 th phn ng xy ra theo th t u tin
nn thng qua lng CO2 gii phng v lng HCl phn ng ta tnh c lng Na2CO3 ban u :
CO32 + H + HCO3 (2)

mol : 0,15 (0, 2 0, 05) 0,15
HCO3 + H + CO 2 + H 2 O (3)
mol : 0, 05 0, 05 0, 05
V (2) n H+ = n CO2 = 0, 05 mol nn (1) s mol H+ phn ng l 0,15 mol
n CO 2 = n H+ (1) = 0,15 mol
3
0, 2
Vy ta c : Nng mol ca dung dch HCl l = 2M .
0,1
0,15
Nng mol ca dung dch Na2CO3 l = 1, 5M .
0,1
p n C.
Dng 3 : Khi nhanh dung dch cha ion H+ vo dung dch cha cc ion CO32-
v HCO3- hoc lm ngc li
Phng php gii
Khi nhanh dung dch cha ion H+ vo dung dch cha cc ion CO32- v HCO3- hoc lm
ngc li m H+ b thiu th ta ch tm c khong th tch kh CO2 gii phng ch khng tnh
c chnh xc th tch CO2.
- Tm khong th tch CO2 bng cch xt 2 trng hp :
+ Trng hp 1: H+ phn ng vi CO32- trc, vi HCO3- sau, suy ra VCO = V1
2
+ Trng hp 2: H+ phn ng vi HCO3- trc, vi CO32- sau, suy ra VCO = V2

2
T hai trng hp trn ta suy ra : V 1 V CO 2 V 2 .
Cc v d minh ha
V d 1: Cho ng thi 1 lt dung dch HCl 2M vo 1 lt dung dch hn hp Na2CO3 1M v
NaHCO3 1M. n phn ng hon ton thu c V lt kh (ktc). Gi tr ca V l :
A. V = 33,6. B. 22,4 V 33,6. C. V = 22,4. D. Kt qu khc.
Hng dn gii
Theo gi thit ta c :
n H+ = n HCl = 2 mol, n CO 2 = n Na 2CO3 = 1 mol, n HCO = n NaHCO3 = 1 mol.
3 3
+ 2-
Trng hp 1 : Gi s H phn ng vi CO3 trc
Phng trnh phn ng :
2H+ + CO32- CO2 + H2O (1)
mol: 2 1 1
Theo (1) lng H ch phn ng vi CO32-.
+
Vy th tch CO2 l : VCO2 = 1.22, 4 = 22, 4 lt.

Trng hp 2 : Gi s H+ phn ng vi HCO3- trc
Phng trnh phn ng :
H+ + HCO3- CO2 + H2O (2)
mol: 1 1 1
Theo (2) lng H+ phn ng vi HCO3- l 1 mol, cn d 1 mol s phn ng vi CO32-.

2H+ + CO32- CO2 + H2O (3)
mol: 1 0,5 0,5
Theo (2) v (3) ta thy : VCO2 = (1 + 0,5).22, 4 = 3, 36 lt.
T nhng iu trn suy ra : 22,4 VCO2 33,6.
p n B.
6. Phn ng ca mui cacbonat, hirocacbon vi axit d
V d 1: Ha tan 14,52 gam hn hp X gm NaHCO3, KHCO3, MgCO3 bng dung dch HCl d,
thu c 3,36 lt kh CO2 (ktc). Khi lng KCl to thnh trong dung dch sau phn ng l :
A. 8,94. B. 16,17. C. 7,92. D. 11,79.
Hng dn gii
Quy i hn hp X thnh hn hp NaHCO3 v KHCO3 (v KLPT ca MgCO3 v NaHCO3 bng
nhau).
NaHCO3 + HCl NaCl + H2O + CO2 (1)
mol: x x x
KHCO3 + HCl KCl + H2O + CO2 (2)
mol: y y y
x + y = 0,15 x = 0, 03
Ta c h phng trnh :
84x + 100y = 14, 52 y = 0,12
Vy mKCl = 0,12. 74,5 = 8,94 gam.
p n A.
V d 2: Cho 1,9 gam hn hp mui cacbonat v hirocacbonat ca kim loi kim M tc dng ht
vi dung dch HCl (d), sinh ra 0,448 lt kh ( ktc). Kim loi M l :
A. Na. B. K. C. Rb. D. Li.
Hng dn gii
Cng thc mui cacbonat v hirocacbonat ca kim loi kim M l M2CO3 v MHCO3.
M2CO3 + 2HCl 2MCl + CO2 + H2O
MHCO3 + HCl MCl + CO2 + H2O
Theo cc phn ng ta thy: Tng s mol hn hp mui = s mol ca CO2 = 0,02 mol.
Gi khi lng mol trung bnh ca hai mui l M , ta c: M + 61 < M < 2M + 60 (*)
1, 9
Mt khc M = = 95 (**)
0, 02
Kt hp gia (*) v (**) 17,5 < M < 34 Kim loi M l Na.
p n A.

C. BI TP TRC NGHIM
Cu 1: Khi lng ring ca kim loi kim nh l do :

A. Bn knh nguyn t ln, cu to mng tinh th km c kht.
B. Bn knh nguyn t nh, cu to mng tinh th c kht.
C. Bn knh nguyn t nh, cu to mng tinh th km c kht.
D. Bn knh nguyn t ln, cu to mng tinh th c kht.
Cu 2: Kim loi kim c nhit nng chy v nhit si thp hn kim loi khc l do :
A. Lc lin kt trong mng tinh th km bn vng.
B. Lp ngoi cng c mt electron.
C. cng nh hn cc kim loi khc.
D. Chng l kim loi in hnh nm u mi mi chu k.
Cu 3: Nguyn t ca cc kim loi trong trong nhm IA khc nhau v
A. s electron lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t.
B. cu hnh electron nguyn t.
C. s oxi ho ca nguyn t trong hp cht.
D. kiu mng tinh th ca n cht.
Cu 4: Cu no sau y m t ng s bin i tnh cht ca cc kim loi kim theo chiu in tnh
ht nhn tng dn ?
A. Bn knh nguyn t gim dn.
B. Nhit nng chy tng dn.
C. Nng lng ion ho I1 ca nguyn t gim dn.
D. Khi lng ring ca n cht gim dn.
Cu 5: Cc ion no sau y u c cu hnh 1s22s22p6 ?
A. Na+, Ca2+, Al3+. B. K+, Ca2+, Mg2+. C. Na+, Mg2+, Al3+. D. Ca2+, Mg2+, Al3+.
Cu 6: Khi ct ming Na kim loi ngoi khng kh, b mt va ct c nh kim lp tc m i,
l do Na b oxi ha bi nhng cht no trong khng kh ?
A. O2. B. H2O. C. CO2. D. C O2 v H2O.
Cu 7: Nhm cc kim loi no sau y u tc dng c vi nc lnh to dung dch kim ?
A. Na, K, Mg, Ca. B. Be, Mg, Ca, Ba.
C. Ba, Na, K, Ca. D. K, Na, Ca, Zn.
Cu 8: iu ch kim loi Na, ngi ta thc hin phn ng
A. in phn dung dch NaOH.
B. in phn nng chy NaCl hoc NaOH.
C. cho dung dch NaOH tc dng vi dung dch HCl.
D. cho dung dch NaOH tc dng vi H2O.
Cu 9: Kim loi kim c nhiu ng dng quan trng : (1) Ch to cc hp kim c nhit nng
chy thp ; (2) Kim loi Na v K dng lm cht trao i nhit trong cc l phn ng ht nhn ; (3)
Kim loi xesi dng lm t bo quang in ; (4) Cc kim loi Na, K dng iu ch cc ddung dch
baz ; (5) kim loi kim dng iu ch cc kim loi him bng phng php nhit luyn. Pht
biu ng l :
A. 1, 2, 3, 5. B. 1, 2, 3, 4. C. 1, 3, 4, 5. D. 1, 2, 4, 5.

Cu 10: Cht no sau y khi cho vo nc khng lm thay i pH ?

A. NH4Cl. B. KCl. C. Na2CO3. D. HCl.
Cu 11: Cho cc dung dch sau : NaOH ; NaHCO3 ; Na2CO3 ; NaHSO4; Na2SO4. Dung dch lm
cho qu tm i mu xanh l :
A. NaOH ; Na2SO4 ; Na2CO3. B. NaHSO4 ; NaHCO3 ; Na2CO3.
C. NaOH ; NaHCO3 ; Na2CO3. D. NaHSO4 ; NaOH ; NaHCO3.
Cu 12: Dch v d dy thng c pH trong khong t 2 - 3. Nhng ngi no b mc bnh vim
lot d dy, t trng thng c pH < 2. cha cn bnh ny, ngi bnh thng ung trc ba
n cht no sau y ?
A. Dung dch natri hirocacbonat. B. Nc un si ngui.
C. Nc ng saccaroz. D. Mt t gim n.
Cu 13: C th dng NaOH ( th rn) lm kh cc cht kh
A. NH3, SO2, CO, Cl2. B. N2, NO2, CO2, CH4, H2.
C. NH3, O2, N2, CH4, H2. D. N2, Cl2, O2, CO2, H2.
Cu 14: Sc t t kh CO2 vo dung dch NaOH, ti mt lc no to ra c hai mui. Thi
im to ra 2 mui nh th no ?
A. NaHCO3 to ra trc, Na2CO3 to ra sau.
B. Na2CO3 to ra trc, NaHCO3 to ra sau.
C. C 2 mui to ra cng lc.
D. Khng xc nh c.
Cu 15: Cho a mol NO2 hp th hon ton vo dung dch cha a mol NaOH. pH ca dung dch thu
c c gi tr l ?
A. 7. B. 0. C. > 7. D. < 7.
Cu 16: Nhng c im no sau y ph hp vi tnh cht ca mui NaHCO3 : (1) Cht lng
tnh ; (2) Km bn vi nhit ; (3) Thu phn cho mi trng kim mnh ; (4) Thu phn cho mi
trng kim yu ; (5) Thu phn cho mi trng axit ; (6) Ch tc dng vi axit mnh.
A. 1, 2, 4. B. 2, 4, 6. C. 1, 2, 3. D. 2, 5, 6.
Cu 17: Tnh cht no nu di y sai khi ni v mui NaHCO3 v Na2CO3 ?
A. C 2 u d b nhit phn.
B. C 2 u tc dng vi axit mnh gii phng kh CO2.
C. C 2 u b thy phn to mi trng kim.
D. Ch c mui NaHCO3 tc dng vi dung dch NaOH.
Cu 18: Cho cc cht rn : Al2O3, ZnO, NaOH, Al, Zn, Na2O, K2O, Be, Ba. Cht rn no c th tan
hon ton trong dung dch KOH d ?
A. Al, Zn, Be. B. ZnO, Al2O3, Na2O, KOH.
C. Al, Zn, Be, ZnO, Al2O3. D. Tt c cht rn cho.
Cu 19: Sc kh CO2 n d vo dung dch NaAlO2. Hin tng xy ra l :
A. Dung dch vn trong sut, khng c hin tng g.
B. C kt ta trng to thnh, kt ta khng tan khi CO2 d.
C. Ban u dung dch vn trong sut, sau mi c kt ta trng.
D. Ban u c kt ta, sau kt ta tan to dung dch trong sut.

Cu 20: X, Y, Z l 3 hp cht ca 1 kim loi ho tr I, khi t nng nhit cao cho ngn la
mu vng. X tc dng vi Y to thnh Z. Nung nng Y thu c cht Z v 1 cht kh lm c nc
vi trong, nhng khng lm mt mu dung dch nc Br2. X, Y, Z l :
A. X l K2CO3 ; Y l KOH ; Z l KHCO3.
B. X l NaHCO3 ; Y l NaOH ; Z l Na2CO3.
C. X l Na2CO3 ; Y l NaHCO3 ; Z l NaOH.
D. X l NaOH ; Y l NaHCO3 ; Z l Na2CO3.
Cu 21: Cho s bin ho : Na X Y Z T Na. Th t ng ca cc cht X, Y, Z,
T l :
A. Na2CO3 ; NaOH ; Na2SO4 ; NaCl. B. NaOH ; Na2SO4 ; Na2CO3 ; NaCl.
C. NaOH ; Na2CO3 ; Na2SO4 ; NaCl. D. Na2SO4 ; Na2CO3 ; NaOH ; NaCl.
Cu 22: Cho s phn ng : NaCl (X) NaHCO3 (Y) NaNO3. X v Y c th l :
A. NaOH v NaClO. B. Na2CO3 v NaClO.
C. NaClO3 v Na2CO3. D. NaOH v Na2CO3.
Cu 23: Cho s chuyn ho sau : Cl2 A B C A Cl2. Cc cht A, B, C ln
lt l :
A. NaCl ; NaOH ; Na2CO3. B. KCl ; KOH ; K2CO3.
C. CaCl2 ; Ca(OH)2 ; CaCO3. D. C A, B, C u ng.
Cu 24: Hn hp X cha Na2O, NH4NO3, NaHCO3 v Ba(NO3)2 c s mol mi cht u bng
nhau. Cho hn hp X vo H2O (d), un nng, dung dch thu c cha
A. NaNO3, NaOH, Ba(NO3)2. B. NaNO3, NaOH.
C. NaNO3, NaHCO3, NH4NO3, Ba(NO3)2. D. NaNO3.
Cu 25: Khi nhit phn hon ton tng mui X, Y th u to ra s mol kh nh hn s mol mui
tng ng. t mt lng nh tinh th Y trn n kh khng mu, thy ngn la c mu vng. Hai
mui X, Y ln lt l :
A. CaCO3, NaNO3. B. KMnO4, NaNO3.
C. Cu(NO3)2, NaNO3. D. NaNO3, KNO3.
Cu 26: X, Y, Z l cc hp cht v c ca mt kim loi, khi t nng nhit cao cho ngn la
mu tm. X tc dng vi Y thnh Z. Nung nng Y nhit cao thu c Z, hi nc v kh E.
Bit E l hp cht ca cacbon, E tc dng vi X cho Y hoc Z. X, Y, Z, E ln lt l nhng cht
no sau y ?
A. KOH, K2CO3, KHCO3, CO2. B. KOH, KHCO3, K2CO3, CO2.
C. KOH, KHCO3, CO2, K2CO3. D. KOH, K2CO3, CO2, KHCO3.
- -
Cu 27: Phng trnh 2Cl + 2H2O 2OH + H2 + Cl2 xy ra khi no ?
A. Cho NaCl vo nc.
B. in phn dung dch NaCl c mng ngn xp (in cc tr).
C. in phn dung dch NaCl khng c mng ngn xp (in cc tr).
D. A, B, C u ng.
Cu 28: Trong cng nghip, natri hiroxit c sn xut bng phng php
A. in phn dung dch NaCl, khng c mng ngn in cc.
B. in phn dung dch NaNO3, khng c mng ngn in cc.
C. in phn dung dch NaCl, c mng ngn in cc.
D. in phn NaCl nng chy.

Cu 29: Cch no sau nay khng iu ch c NaOH ?

A. Cho Na tc dng vi nc.
B. Cho dung dch Ca(OH)2 tc dng vi dung dch Na2CO3.
C. in phn dung dch NaCl khng c mng ngn xp (in cc tr).
D. in phn dung dch NaCl c mng ngn xp (in cc tr).
Cu 30: Trong cng nghip sn xut NaOH, ngi ta dng phng php in phn dung dch NaCl
c mng ngn gia 2 in cc, dung dch NaOH thu c c ln NaCl. thu c dung dch
NaOH nguyn cht ngi ta phi :
A. Cho AgNO3 vo tch Cl- sau tinh ch NaOH.
B. C cn dung dch, sau in phn nng chy ui kh clo bay ra catot.
C. Cho dung dch thu c bay hi nc nhiu ln, NaCl l cht t tan hn NaOH nn kt
tinh trc, loi NaCl ra khi dung dch thu c NaOH nguyn cht.
D. C cn dung dch thu c sau in phn nng chy ui kh clo bay ra anot.
Cu 31: Sau khi in phn dung dch NaCl c mng ngn xp th thu c dung dch NaOH c ln
tp cht NaCl. Ngi ta tch NaCl ra bng phng php no ?
A. Chng ct phn on. B. Kt tinh phn on.
C. C cn. D. Chit.
Cu 32: S khc nhau v sn phm gn khu vc catot khi in phn dung dch NaCl c mng
ngn (1) v khng c mng ngn (2) l :
A. (1) c NaOH sinh ra, (2) c NaClO sinh ra.
B. (1) c kh H2 thot ra, (2) khng c kh H2 thot ra.
C. (1) khng c kh H2 thot ra, (2) c kh H2 thot ra.
D. (1) c NaOH sinh ra, (2) khng c NaOH sinh ra.
Cu 33: Ch dng qu tm c th nhn bit c bao nhiu dung dch trong s cc dung dch sau :
NaCl, NaHCO3, Na2CO3, NaHSO4, Na2SO4, NaOH.
A. 3. B. 5. C. 4. D. 6.
Cu 34: nhn bit cc dung dch : NaOH, KCl, NaCl, KOH cn dng cc thuc th l :
A. qu tm, dd AgNO3. B. phenolphtalein.
C. qu tm, th ngn la bng dy Pt. D. phenolphtalein, dd AgNO3.
Cu 35: nhn bit cc dung dch : Na2CO3 ; BaCl2 ; HCl ; NaOH s ho cht ti thiu phi dng
l :
A. 0. B. 2. C. 3. D. 1.
Cu 36: Cho 4 dung dch : HCl, AgNO3, NaNO3, NaCl. Ch dng thm mt thuc th no cho
di y nhn bit c cc dung dch trn ?
A. Qu tm. B. Phenolphatelein. C. dd NaOH. D. dd H2SO4.
Cu 37: Cho cc dung dch : NaOH, NaCl, H2SO4, Na2SO4, Ba(OH)2. Ch dng thm mt thuc
th no sau y nhn bit ?
A. Phenolphtalein. B. Qy tm. C. BaCl2. D. AgNO3.
Cu 38: nhn bit c cc cht bt rn khan sau : NaCl, Na2CO3, Na2SO4, BaCO3, BaSO4
ng trong cc l ring bit th ho cht c s dng l :
A. H2O, CO2. B. Dung dch H2SO4.
C. Dung dnh Ba(OH)2. D. Dung dch NH4HCO3.

Cu 39: C 3 dung dch hn hp : (NaHCO3 v Na2CO3), (NaHCO3 v Na2SO4), (Na2CO3 v

Na2SO4). Ch dng thm mt cp cht no trong s cc cp cht cho di y nhn bit cc dung
dch trn.
A. Dung dch HCl v dung dch Na2CO3.
B. Dung dch HNO3 v dung dch Ba(NO3)2.
C. Dung dch Na2CO3 v dung dch Ba(OH)2.
D. Dung dch NaOH v dung dch Ba(HCO3)2.
Cu 40: Ch dng mt ha cht no sau y nhn bit cc kim loi Ba, Mg, Fe, Ag, Al trong cc
bnh mt nhn:
A. H2SO4 long. B. HCl. C. H2O. D. NaOH.
Cu 41: Cho cc kim loi : Al, Mg, Ca, Na, Al2O3, Cu. Ch dng thm mt cht no nhn bit
cc kim loi ?
A. dung dch HCl. B. dung dch H2SO4 long.
C. dung dch CuSO4. D. Nc.
Cu 42: Cho 3,9 gam kali vo 101,8 gam nc thu c dung dch KOH c nng % l bao
nhiu ?
A. 5,31%. B. 5,20%. C. 5,30%. D. 5,50%.
Cu 43: Cho m gam Na tc dng ht vi p gam nc thu c dung dch nng x%. Lp biu
thc tnh nng x% theo m, p. Chn biu thc ng ?
m.40.100 m.80.100
A. x% = . B. x% = .
44m + 46p 44m + 46p
m.40.100 m.80.100
C. x% = . D. x% = .
46m + 46p 46m + 46p
Cu 44: Ho tan hon ton hn hp 2 kim loi kim vo nc thu c 0,448 lt kh H2 (ktc) v
400 ml dung dch X. Gi tr pH ca dung dch X l :
A. 1. B. 2. C. 12. D. 13.
Cu 45: Cho m gam Na tan ht vo 500 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,04M c 500 ml dung dch c
Cu 46: Ho tan hon ton 8,5 gam hn hp X gm Na v K vo nc, thu c dung dch Y v V
lt kh H2 (ktc). Trung ho Y bng H2SO4, sau c cn dung dch, thu c 22,9 gam mui. Gi
tr ca V l :
A. 6,72. B. 4,48. C. 3,36. D. 2,24.
Cu 47: Ho tan hon ton hn hp X gm 3 kim loi kim vo nc, thu c 4,48 lt kh H2
(ktc). Nu cng cho lng X nh trn tc dng vi O2 d th thu c 3 oxit v thy khi lng
cht rn tng m gam. Gi tr ca m l :
A. 3,2. B. 1,6. C. 4,8. D. 6,4.
Cu 48: Cho 1,5 gam hn hp Na v kim loi kim A tc dng vi H2O thu c 1,12 lt H2 (ktc).
A l :
A. Li. B. Na. C. K. D. Rb.
Cu 49: Cho 4,9 gam kim loi kim M vo 1 cc nc. Sau mt thi gian lng kh thot ra
vt qu 7,5 lt (ktc). Kim loi kim M l :

Cu 50: Hn hp X gm hai kim loi A, B nm k tip nhau trong nhm IA. Ly 7,2 gam X ho
tan hon ton vo nc thu c 4,48 lt hiro (ktc). A, B l hai kim loi no ?
A. Li, Na. B. Na, K. C. K, Rb. D. Rb, Cs.
Cu 51: 2 kim loi kim A v B nm trong 2 chu k lin tip nhau trong bng tun hon cc nguyn
t ho hc. Ho tan 2 kim loi ny vo nc thu c 0,336 lt kh (ktc) v dung dch C. Cho HCl
d vo dung dch C thu c 2,075 gam mui, hai kim loi l :
A. Li v Na. B. Na v K. C. K v Rb. D. Li v K.
Cu 52: Cho hn hp X gm Na v mt kim loi kim c khi lng 6,2 gam tc dng vi 104
gam nc thu c 100 ml dung dch c d = 1,1. Bit hiu s hai khi lng nguyn t < 20. Kim
loi kim l :
A. Li. B. K. C. Rb. D. Cs.
Cu 53*: Cho 3,6 gam hn hp gm K v mt kim loi kim A tc dng va ht vi nc, thu
c 2,24 lt H2 0,5 atm v 0oC. Bit s mol kim loi A trong hn hp ln hn 10% tng s mol 2
kim loi. A l kim loi no ?
A. K. B. Na. C. Li. D. Rb.
Cu 54: A l hn hp 2 kim loi kim X v Y thuc 2 chu k k tip. Nu cho A tc dng va
vi dung dch HCl th thu c a gam 2 mui, cn nu cho A tc dng va vi dung dch H2SO4
th thu c 1,1807a gam 2 mui. X v Y l :
Cu 55: C x mol hn hp 2 kim loi kim thuc 2 chu k lin tip (hn hp X). X tc dng va
vi dung dch HCl thu c a gam hn hp mui clorua khan, cn nu cho X tc dng va vi
dung dch H2SO4 th thu c b gam hn hp mui sunfat khan. Gi tr ca x l :
2a b ba a+b 2a + b
A. . B. . C. . D. .
25 12, 5 12,5 25
Cu 56: Cho Na d tc dng vi a gam dung dch CH3COOH. Kt thc phn ng, thy khi lng
11a
H2 sinh ra l gam. Vy nng C% dung dch axit l :
240
A. 10%. B. 25%. C. 4,58%. D. 36%.
Cu 57: Ha tan ht mt lng Na vo dung dch HCl 10% thu c 46,88 gam dung dch gm
NaCl v NaOH v 1,568 lt H2 (ktc). Nng % NaCl trong dung dch thu c l :
A. 14,97. B. 12,48. C. 12,68. D. 15,38.
Cu 58: Cho x gam dung dch H2SO4 nng y% tc dng ht vi mt lng d hn hp khi
lng Na, Mg. Lng H2 (kh duy nht) thu c bng 0,05x gam. Nng phn trm ca dung
dch H2SO4 l :
A. 15,5%. B. 15,81%. C. 18,5%. D. 8,45% .
Cu 59: Trn ln 500 ml dung dch NaOH 5M vi 200 ml dung dch NaOH 30% (d=1,33 g/ml).
Nng mol/ l ca dung dch thu c l :
A. 6M. B. 5,428 M. C. 6,42M. D. 6,258M.
Cu 60: Mt dung dch KOH nng 2M v mt dung dch KOH khc nng 0,5M. c dung
dch mi nng 1M th cn phi pha ch v th tch gia 2 dung dch theo t l l :
A. 1 : 2 B. 2 : 1 C. 1 : 3 D. 3 : 1
Cu 61: Trn V1 ml dung dch NaOH (d = 1,26 g/ml) vi V2 ml dung dch NaOH (d = 1,06 g/ml)
thu c 1 lt dung dch NaOH (d = 1,16 g/ml). Gi tr V1, V2 ln lt l :
A. V1 = V2 = 500. B. V1 = 400, V2 = 600.
C. V1 = 600, V2 = 400. D. V1 = 700, V2 = 300.

Cu 62: T 200 gam dung dch KOH 30% c dung dch 50% cn thm vo s gam KOH
nguyn cht l :
Cu 63: Ha tan hon ton m gam Na2O nguyn cht vo 40 gam dung dch NaOH 12% thu c
dung dch NaOH 51%. Gi tr ca m l :
A. 11,3. B. 20,0. C. 31,8. D. 40,0.
Cu 64: Cho dung dch NaOH c pH = 12. Cn pha long bao nhiu ln thu c dung dch
NaOH c pH = 11 ?
A. 8. B. 100. C. 10. D. 6.
Cu 65: 10 ml dung dch KOH vo 15 ml dung dch H2SO4 0,5M, dung dch vn d axit. Thm
3 ml dung dch NaOH 1M vo th dung dch trung ho. Nng mol/l ca dung dch KOH l:
A. 1,2 M. B. 0,6 M. C. 0,75 M. D. 0,9 M.
Cu 66: Dung dch X cha axit HCl a mol/l v HNO3 b mol/l. trung ho 20 ml dung dch X cn
dng 300 ml dung dch NaOH 0,1 M. Mt khc ly 20 ml dung dch X cho tc dng vi dung dch
AgNO3 d thy to thnh 2,87 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca a, b ln lt l :
A. 1,0 v 0,5. B. 1,0 v 1,5. C. 0,5 v 1,7. D. 2,0 v 1,0.
Cu 67: Khi cho 100 ml dung dch KOH 1M vo 100 ml dung dch HCl thu c dung dch c
cha 6,525 gam cht tan. Nng mol (hoc mol/l) ca HCl trong dung dch dng l :
A. 0,75M. B. 1M. C. 0,25M. D. 0,5M.
Cu 68: Ho tan 17 gam hn hp NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH)2 vo nc c 500 gam dung dch X.
trung ho 50 gam dung dch X cn dng 40 gam dung dch HCl 3,65%. C cn dung dch sau khi
trung ho thu c khi lng mui khan l :
Cu 69: trung ho dung dch cha 0,1 mol NaOH v 0,15 mol Ba(OH)2 cn bao nhiu lt dung
dch hn hp HCl 0,1M v H2SO4 0,05M ?
A. 1 lt. B. 2 lt. C. 3 lt. D. 4 lt.
Cu 70: Ly 500 ml dung dch cha ng thi HCl 1,98M v H2SO4 1,1M trn vi V lt dung dch
cha NaOH 3M v Ba(OH)2 4M th trung ho va . Th tch V l :
A. 0,180 lt. B. 0,190 lt. C. 0,170 lt. D. 0,140 lt.
Cu 71: Trn 3 dung dch HCl 0,3M; H2SO4 0,2M v H3PO4 0,1M vi nhng th tch bng nhau
thu c dung dch X. Dung dch Y gm NaOH 0,1M v Ba(OH)2 0,2M. trung ha 300 ml dung
dch X cn va V ml dung dch Y. Gi tr ca V l :
A. 600. B. 1000. C. 333,3. D. 200.
Cu 72: Trn 100 ml dung dch H2SO4 0,02M vi 100 ml dung dch NaOH 0,02M dung dch to
thnh c pH l :
A. 2. B. 3. C. 1. D. 4.
Cu 73: Trn 200 ml dung dch H2SO4 0,05 M vi 300 ml dung dch NaOH 0,06M. pH ca dung
dch to thnh l :
A. 2,7. B. 1,6. C. 1,9. D. 2,4.
Cu 74: Trn 100 ml dung dch gm Ba(OH)2 0,1M v NaOH 0,1M vi 400 ml dung dch gm
H2SO4 0,0375M v HCl 0,0125M, thu c dung dch X. Gi tr pH ca dung dch X l :
A. 7. B. 2. C. 1. D. 6.
Cu 75: Trn 100 ml dung dch hn hp gm Ba(OH)2 0,05M v NaOH 0,1M vi 100 ml dung
dch hn hp gm HCl 0,2M v H2SO4 0,1M, thu c dung dch X. Dung dch X c pH l :
A. 12,8. B. 13,0. C. 1,0. D. 1,2.

Cu 76: Trn 100 ml dung dch hn hp gm H2SO4 0,05M v HCl 0,1M vi 100 ml dung dch
hn hp gm NaOH 0,2M v Ba(OH)2 0,1M, thu c dung dch X. Dung dch X c pH l :
A. 12,8. B. 13,0. C. 1,0. D. 1,2.
Cu 77: Trn 100 ml dung dch hn hp HCl 0,4 M v H2SO4 0,1M vi 400 ml dung dch hn hp
NaOH 0,1M v Ba(OH)2 xM, thu c kt ta v 500 ml dung dch c pH = 12. Gi tr ca x l :
A. 0,05125 M. B. 0,05208 M. C. 0,03125M. D. 0,01325M.
Cu 78: Trn 100 ml dung dch c pH = 1 gm HCl v HNO3 vi 100 ml dung dch NaOH nng
a (mol/l) thu c 200 ml dung dch c pH = 12. Gi tr ca a l :
A. 0,15. B. 0,30. C. 0,03. D. 0,12.
Cu 79: Cho 1 lt dung dch hn hp NaOH v Ba(OH)2 c pH = 12 vo 1 lt dung dch H2SO4
0,01M. Thu c 2 lt dung dch A. Nng mol/lt ion [H+] l :
A. 10-7M. B. 0,005 M. C. 0,01 M. D. 0,02 M.
Cu 80: Ly dung dch axit A c pH = 5 v dung dch baz B c pH = 9 theo t l no thu c
dung dch c pH = 8 ?
V 11 V 9
A. B = . B. B = . C. VB = VA. D. VB = 2VA.
VA 9 VA 11
Cu 81: Trn dung dch X cha NaOH 0,1M, Ba(OH)2 0,2M vi dd Y cha HCl 0,2M, H2SO4
0,1M theo t l VX : VY no dung dch thu c c pH = 13 ?
A. 5 : 4. B. 4 : 5. C. 5 : 3. D. 3 : 2.
Cu 82: Ha tan ht mt lng hiroxit kim loi M(OH)n bng mt lng va dung dch HCl
10% thu c dung dch A, cho dung dch A phn ng va vi dung dch AgNO3 20% thu c
dung dch mui B c nng 8,965%. Cng thc ca M(OH)n l :
A. Ca(OH)2. B. KOH. C. NaOH. D. Mg(OH)2.
Cu 83: Cho 0,1 mol P2O5 vo dung dch cha 0,35 mol KOH. Dung dch thu c c cha cc
cht no ?
A. K3PO4, K2HPO4. B. K2HPO4, KH2PO4.
C. K3PO4, KOH. D. KH2PO4, H3PO4.
Cu 84: Cho 200 ml dung dch NaOH 1,2M vo 100 ml dung dch H3PO4 0,7M, thu c dung
dch X. C cn dung dch X, thu c hn hp cc cht rn gm :
A. Na3PO4 v Na2HPO4. B. Na2HPO4 v NaH2PO4.
C. NaH2PO4 v H3PO4. D. Na3PO4 v NaOH.
Cu 85: Cho 14,2 gam P2O5 vo 200 gam dung dch NaOH 8% thu c dung dch A. Mui thu
c v nng % tng ng l :
A. NaH2PO4 11,2%. B. Na3PO4 v 7,66%.
C. Na2HPO4 v 13,26%. D. Na2HPO4 v NaH2PO4 u 7,66%.
Cu 86: t chy hon ton 6,2 gam photpho bng oxi d ri cho sn phm to thnh tc dng va
vi m gam dung dch NaOH 32%, thu c mui Na2HPO4. Gi tr ca m l :
A. 25. B. 50. C. 75. D. 100.
Cu 87: Cho 100 ml dung dch KOH 1,5M vo 200 ml dung dch H3PO4 0,5M, thu c dung dch
X. C cn dung dch X, thu c hn hp gm cc cht l :
A. KH2PO4 v K2HPO4. B. K3PO4 v K2HPO4.
C. KH2PO4 v H3PO4. D. KH2PO4 v K3PO4.

Cu 88: Cho 150 ml dung dch KOH 1M tc dng vi 200 ml dung dch H3PO4 0,5M. Sau phn
ng, trong dung dch cha cc mui
A. KH2PO4 v K2HPO4. B. KH2PO4 v K3PO4.
C. K2HPO4 v K3PO4. D. KH2PO4, K2HPO4 v K3PO4.
Cu 89: Cho 44 gam NaOH vo dung dch cha 39,2 gam H3PO4. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon
ton, em c cn dung dch. Khi lng tng mui khan thu c l :
A. 50 gam Na3PO4.
B. 49,2 gam NaH2PO4 v 14,2 gam Na3PO4.
C. 15 gam NaH2PO4.
D. 14,2 gam Na2HPO4 v 49,2 gam Na3PO4.
Cu 90: Thm 150 ml dung dch KOH 2M vo 120 ml dung dch H3PO4 1M. Khi lng cc mui
thu c trong dung dch l :
A. 10,44 gam KH2PO4 ; 8,5 gam K3PO4. B. 10,44 gam K2HPO4 ; 12,72 gam K3PO4.
C. 10,44 gam K2HPO4 ; 13,5 gam KH2PO4. D. 13,5 gam KH2PO4 ; 14,2 gam K3PO4.
Cu 91: a. Cho 2 dung dch : X : V1 lt dung dch NaOH 1M ; Y : V2 lt dung dch H3PO4 1M.
Trn ln dung dch X vi dung dch Y thu c hai mui NaH2PO4 v Na2HPO4 th t l th tch
V1
trong khong xc nh l :
V2
V V V V
A. 1 < 1 < 2. B. 2 < 1 < 3. C. 1 < 1. D. 1 > 3.
V2 V2 V2 V2
b. Cho 14,2 gam P2O5 vo 100 ml dung dch cha NaOH 1M v KOH 2M, thu c dung dch X.
Cc anion c mt trong dung dch X l :
A. PO43- v OH-. B. H2PO4- v HPO42-.
C. HPO42- v PO43-. D. H2PO4- v PO43-.
Cu 92: Cho 100 ml dung dch NaOH 4M tc dng vi 100 ml dung dch H3PO4 aM thu c
25,95 gam hai mui. Gi tr ca a l :
A. 1. B. 1,75. C. 1,25. D. 1,5.
Cu 93: Th tch dung dch KOH 2M ti thiu hp th ht 4,48 lt (ktc) hn hp X gm CO2 v
SO2 (c t khi hi so vi H2 bng 27) l :
A. 100 ml hay 150 ml. B. 200 ml.
C. 150 ml. D. 100 ml.
Cu 94: Th tch dung dch NaOH 2M ti thiu hp th ht 4,48 lt CO2 (ktc) l :
A. 200 ml. B. 100 ml. C. 150 ml. D. 250 ml.
Cu 95: Cho 6 lt hn hp CO2 v N2 (ktc) i qua dung dch KOH to ra 2,07 gam K2CO3 v 6
gam KHCO3. Thnh phn phn trm v th tch ca CO2 trong hn hp l :
A. 42%. B. 56%. C. 28%. D. 50%.
Cu 96: Hp th ht 1,12 lt kh CO2 (ktc) vo 200 ml dung dch cha hn hp NaOH 0,3M v
K2CO3 0,3M c dung dch X. Cho X phn ng vi dung dch CaCl2 d, un nng c khi
lng kt ta l :
Cu 97*: Hp th hon ton 2,24 lt CO2 (ktc) vo 100 ml dung dch gm K2CO3 0,2M v KOH x
mol/lt, sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c dung dch Y. Cho ton b Y tc dng vi
dung dch BaCl2 (d), thu c 11,82 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca x l :
A. 1,0. B. 1,4. C. 1,2. D. 1,6.

Cu 98: Hp th hon ton V lt CO2 (ktc) vo bnh ng 200 ml dung dch NaOH 1M v Na2CO3
0,5M. C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 19,9 gam cht rn khan. Gi tr V l :
A. 2,24. B. 3,36. C. 5,6. D. 1,12.
Cu 99*: Cho 3,36 lt kh CO2 vo 200,0 ml dung dch cha NaOH xM v Na2CO3 0,4M thu c
dung dch X cha 19,98 gam hn hp mui. Xc nh nng mol/l ca NaOH trong dung dch ?
A. 0,70M. B. 0,75M. C. 0,60M. D. 0,50M.
Cu 100: Cc A ng 0,3 mol Na2CO3 v 0,2 mol NaHCO3. Cc B ng 0,4 mol HCl. rt t t
cc A vo cc B, s mol kh CO2 thot ra c gi tr no ?
A. 0,2. B. 0,25. C. 0,4. D. 0,5.
Cu 101: Cho t t n ht 500 ml dung dch HCl 1M vo 200 ml dung dch NaOH 1M v Na2CO3
1M. Th tch kh CO2 thot ra ktc l
A. 3,36 lt. B. 5,6 lt. C. 4,48 lt. D. 2,24 lt.
Cu 102: Dung dch X cha 0,6 mol NaHCO3 v 0,3 mol Na2CO3. Thm rt t t dung dch cha
0,8 mol HCl vo dung dch X c dung dch Y v V lt kh CO2 (ktc). Thm vo dung dch Y
nc vi trong d thy to thnh m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca V v m l :
A. 11,2 lt CO2 ; 90 gam CaCO3. B. 16,8 lt CO2 ; 60 gam CaCO3.
C. 11,2 lt CO2 ; 60 gam CaCO3. D. 11,2 lt CO2 ; 40 gam CaCO3.
Cu 103: Cho t t 200 ml dung dch HCl vo 100 ml dung dch cha Na2CO3, K2CO3 v NaHCO3
1M thu c 1,12 lt CO2 (ktc) v dung dch X. Cho nc vi trong d vo dung dch X thu c
20 gam kt ta. Vy nng mol/l ca dung dch HCl l :
A. 1,0M. B. 0,75M. C. 0,5M. D. 1,25 M.
Cu 104*: Cho t t 200 ml dung dch hn hp HCl 1M v H2SO4 0,5M vo 300 ml dung dch
Na2CO3 1M thu c V lt kh (ktc) v dung dch X. Cho dung dch X phn ng vi dung dch
Ba(OH)2 d thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca V v m l :
A. 2,24 lt ; 39,4 gam. B. 2,24 lt ; 62,7 gam.
C. 3,36 lt ; 19,7 gam. D. 4,48 lt ; 39,4 gam.
Cu 105*: Hp th hon ton 13,44 lt CO2 (ktc) bng 500 ml dung dch NaOH aM thu c dung
dch X. Cho t t 200 ml dung dch HCl 1M vo X c 1,12 lt kh (ktc) thot ra. Gi tr ca a l :
A. 1,5M. B. 1,2M. C. 2,0M. D. 1,0M.
Cu 106: Thm t t n ht dung dch cha 0,02 mol K2CO3 vo dung dch cha 0,03 mol HCl.
Lng kh CO2 thu c (ktc) l :
A. 0,448 lt. B. 0,224 lt. C. 0,336 lt. D. 0,112 lt.
Cu 107: Thm t t n ht 150 ml dung dch (Na2CO3 1M v K2CO3 0,5M) vo 250 ml dung
dch HCl 2M th th tch kh CO2 sinh ra ktc l :
A. 2,52 lt. B. 5,04 lt. C. 3,36 lt. D. 5,6 lt.
Cu 108: Cho ng thi 1 lt dung dch HCl 2M vo 1lt dung dch hn hp Na2CO3 1M v
NaHCO3 1M. n phn ng hon ton thu c V lt kh (ktc). Gi tr ca V l :
A. V = 33,6. B. 22,4 V 33,6. C. V = 22,4. D. Kt qu khc.
Cu 109: Dung dch X cha 24,4 gam hn hp 2 mui Na2CO3 v K2CO3. Thm dung dch cha
33,3 gam CaCl2 vo dung dch X thu c 20 gam kt ta v dung dch Y. S mol mi mui trong
dung dch X l :
A. 0,12 mol Na2CO3 v 0,08 mol K2CO3. B. 0,1 mol Na2CO3 v 0,1 mol K2CO3.
C. 0,08 mol Na2CO3 v 0,12 mol K2CO3. D. 0,05 mol Na2CO3 v 0,15 mol K2CO3.

Cu 110: Rt nc vo cc ng sn 7,15 gam Na2CO3. xH2O cho c 250 ml. Khuy u cho
mui tan ht, c dung dch X. Cho HCl d vo dung dch X thy thot ra 0,56 lt CO2 (ktc). Gi
tr ca x l :
A. 7. B. 10. C. 8. D. 9.
Cu 111: Ha tan 14,52 gam hn hp X gm NaHCO3, KHCO3, MgCO3 bng dung dch HCl d,
A. 8,94. B. 16,17. C. 7,92. D. 11,79.
Cu 112: Cho m gam hn hp gm Na2CO3, Na2SO3 tc dng ht vi dung dch H2SO4 2M d thu
c 2,24 lt hn hp kh (ktc) c t khi i vi H2 l 27. Gi tr ca m l :
A. 11,6 gam. B. 10 gam. C. 1,16 gam. D. 1 gam.
Cu 113: Ho tan 22,7 gam hn hp M2CO3 v M2SO3 (M l kim loi kim) vo dung dch HCl
d. Ton b kh CO2v SO2 thot ra c hp th ti thiu bi 500 ml dung dch NaOH 0,3M. Kim
loi M l
A. K. B. Rb. C. Li. D. Na.
Cu 114: Ho tan 174 gam hn hp M2CO3 v M2SO3 (M l kim loi kim) vo dung dch HCl d.
Ton b kh CO2 v SO2 thot ra c hp th ti thiu bi 500 ml dung dch NaOH 3M. Kim loi
M l :
Cu 115: Cho 1,9 gam hn hp mui cacbonat v hirocacbonat ca kim loi kim M tc dng ht
vi dung dch HCl (d), sinh ra 0,448 lt kh ( ktc). Kim loi M l :
A. Na. B. K. C. Rb. D. Li.
Cu 116: Lng kt ta to thnh khi trn ln dung dch cha 0,0075 mol NaHCO3 vi dung dch
cha 0,01 mol Ba(OH)2 l :
Cu 117: Cho dung dch NaOH d vo 100 ml dung dch cha ng thi Ba(HCO3)2 0,5M v
BaCl2 0,4M th thu c bao nhiu gam kt ta ?
Cu 118*: Ha tan hn hp Na2CO3, KHCO3, Ba(HCO3)2 (trong s mol Na2CO3 v KHCO3
bng nhau) vo nc lc thu c dung dch X v m gam kt ta Y. Bit X tc dng va 0,16
mol NaOH hoc 0,24 mol HCl th ht kh bay ra. Gi tr m l :
Cu 119: Cho V lt dung dch A cha ng thi FeCl3 1M v Fe2(SO4)3 0,5M tc dng vi dung
dch Na2CO3 c d, phn ng kt thc thy khi lng dung dch sau phn ng gim 69,2 gam so
vi tng khi lng ca cc dung dch ban u. Gi tr ca V l :
A. 0,24 lt. B. 0,237 lt. C. 0,336 lt. D. 0,2 lt.
Cu 120: Cho dung dch cha 6,03 gam hn hp gm hai mui NaX v NaY (X, Y l hai nguyn t
c trong t nhin, hai chu k lin tip thuc nhm VIIA, s hiu nguyn t ZX < ZY) vo dung
dch AgNO3 (d), thu c 8,61 gam kt ta. Phn trm khi lng ca NaX trong hn hp ban u
l :
A. 52,8%. B. 58,2%. C. 47,2%. D. 41,8%.
Cu 121: Nung 100 gam hn hp gm Na2CO3 v NaHCO3 cho n khi khi lng hn hp khng
i c 69 gam cht rn. Phn trm khi lng ca mi cht tng ng trong hn hp ban u l :
A. 15,4% v 84,6%. B. 22,4% v 77,6%.
C. 16% v 84%. D. 24% v 76%.

Cu 122: Nhit phn hon ton 2,45 gam 1 mui v c X thu c 672 ml O2 ktc. Phn cht rn
cn li cha 52,35% K v 47,65% Clo. Cng thc phn t ca mui X l :
A. KClO. B. KClO2. C. KClO3. D. KClO4.
Cu 123: Nhit phn hon ton 34,65 gam hn hp gm KNO3 v Cu(NO3)2, thu c hn hp kh
X (t khi ca X so vi kh hiro bng 18,8). Khi lng Cu(NO3)2 trong hn hp ban u l :
Cu 124: Trong 1 lt dung dch X c cha 9,85 gam mt hn hp gm mui clorua v hiroxit ca
kim loi kim. pH ca dung dch l 13 v khi in phn 1 lt dung dch X c mng ngn xp cho
n khi ht kh Cl2 th thu c 1,12 lt kh Cl2 0oC v 1 atm. Kim loi kim l :
A. K. B. Cs. C. Na. D. Li.
Cu 125: in phn 117 gam dung dich NaCl 10% c mng ngn thu c tng th tch kh 2
in cc l 11,2 lt (ktc) th ngng li. Th tch kh thu c cc m l :
A. 6,72 lt. B. 8,96 lt. C. 4,48 lt. D. 3,36 lt.
Cu 126: in phn (in cc tr) dung dch X cha 0,2 mol CuSO4 v 0,12 mol NaCl bng dng
A. 2,240 lt. B. 2,912 lt. C. 1,792 lt. D. 1,344 lt.
Cu 127: in phn c mng ngn xp 500 ml dung dch NaCl 4M (d=1,2 g/ml). Sau khi anot
thot ra 17,92 lt Cl2 (ktc) th ngng in phn. Nng % ca NaOH trong dung dch sau in
phn (nc bay hi khng ng k) l :
A. 8,26%. B. 11,82%. C. 12,14%. D. 15,06%.
Cu 128: in phn dung dch NaOH vi cng dng in l 10A trong thi gian 268 gi. Sau
in phn cn li 100 gam dung dch NaOH 24%. Nng % ca dung dch NaOH trc in phn
l :
A. 4,8%. B. 5,2%. C. 2,4%. D. 3,2%.
Cu 129: in phn 200 ml dung dch Y gm KCl 0,1M v Cu(NO3)2 0,2M vi cng dng
in 5A trong thi gian 1158 giy, in cc tr, mng ngn xp. Gi s nc bay hi khng ng
k. gim khi lng ca dung dch sau khi in phn l :
Cu 130: in phn dung dch gm 7,45 gam KCl v 28,2 gam Cu(NO3)2 (in cc tr, mng ngn
B sung cc bi tp hay v kh
Cu 131: 100 ml dung dch X cha 2,17 gam hn hp gm NaOH, Na2CO3 v Na2SO4. Cho
BaCl2 d vo dung dch X thu c kt ta v dung dch Y. trung ha dung dch Y cn 20 ml
dung dch HCl 0,5M. Mt khc, 50 ml dung dch X tc dng va ht vi dung dch HCl c 112
ml kh (iu kin tiu chun). Nng mol ca Na2SO4 trong dung dch X l :
A. 0,50M. B. 0,05M. C. 0,12M. D. 0,20M.
Cu 132: Cho 8,3 gam hai kim loi kim k tip nhau tc dng vi 100 gam dung dch HCl 3,65%
thu c dung dch X. Cho MgCl2 d vo dung dch X th thu c 4,35 gam kt ta. Hai kim loi
l:
A. Li v Na. B. K v Rb. C. Rb v Cs. D. Na v K.

Cu 133: Trn 100 ml dung dch A gm KHCO3 2M v K2CO3 1M vo 100 ml dung dch B gm
NaHCO3 2M v Na2CO3 1M thu c dung dch C. Nh t t 100 ml dung dch D gm H2SO4 1M
v HCl 1M vo dung dch C thu c V lt CO2 (ktc) v dung dch E. Cho dung dch Ba(OH)2 ti
d vo dung dch E thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m v V l :
A. m = 121,8 gam v V = 4,48 lt. B. m = 98,5 gam v V = 2,24 lt.
C. m = 121,8 gam v V = 2,24 lt. D. m = 43 gam v V = 4,48 lt.
Cu 134: Dung dch hn hp A gm Na2CO3, NaHCO3, K2CO3 v KHCO3. Chia A thnh ba phn
bng nhau. Cho rt t t 100 ml dung dch HCl vo phn 1 thu c dung dch B v 448 ml kh
(ktc). Thm nc vi trong d vo dung dch B thy to ra 2,5 gam kt ta. Phn 2 tc dng va
vi 150 ml dung dch NaOH 0,1M. Cho kh HBr (d) i qua phn 3, sau c cn th thu c
8,125 gam mui khan. Khi lng mui trong dung dch A l :
Cu 135: Nung 47,8 gam hn hp X gm FeCO3, CaCO3 v Na2CO3 trong khng kh n khi
lng khng i thu c cht rn A v 5,6 lt kh CO2 (iu kin tiu chun). Ha tan A vo nc
d, lc b kt ta thu c dung dch B. Nh t t 365 ml dung dch HCl 1M vo dung dch B thu
c V lt kh thot ra (ktc). Mt khc, nu cho X tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 c, d thu c
12,32 lt hn hp hai kh (NO2, CO2). Gi tr ca V l :
A. 0,56 lt. B. 0,224 lt. C. 0,336 lt. D. 0,72 lt.
Cu 136: Cho 8,5 gam hn hp Na v K vo 200 ml dung dch gm H2SO4 0,25M v HCl 0,75M.
Sau khi kt thc phn ng c 3,36 lt kh (ktc) v dung dch Y. C cn cn thn dung dch Y sau
phn ng c m gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m l :
A. 20,175. B. 18,625. C. 19,475. D. 17,975.
Cu 137*: Cho 10,45 gam hn hp Na v Mg vo 400 ml dung dch gm HCl 1M c 6,16 lt kh
(ktc) v dung dch Y. C cn cn thn dung dch Y sau phn ng c m gam cht rn khan. Gi
tr ca m l :
A. 22,85. B. 22,7. C. 24,6. D. 27,2.
Cu 138*: Ha tan 46 gam mt hn hp gm Ba v hai kim loi kim X, Y thuc hai chu k k tip
vo nc (d) th c dung dch Z v 11,2 lt kh o iu kin tiu chun. Nu thm 0,18 mol
Na2SO4 vo dung dch Z th thu dung dch sau phn ng vn cn d Ba(OH)2. Nu thm 0,21 mol
Na2SO4 vo dung dch Z th dung dch sau phn ng cn d Na2SO4. Hai kim loi kim X, Y l :
Cu 139*: Cho a gam Na tc dng vi p gam nc thu c dung dch NaOH nng x%. Cho b
gam Na2O tc dng vi p gam nc cng thu c dung dch NaOH nng x%. Biu thc tnh p
theo a v b l :
3ab 9ab 9ab 10ab
A. p = . B. p = . C. p = . D. p = .
31a 23b 23b 31a 31a 23b 31a 23b
Cu 140*: Hn hp X gm M2CO3, MHCO3 v MCl (l kim loi kim). Cho 32,65 gam X tc dng
va vi dung dch HCl thu c dung dch Y v c 17,6 gam CO2 thot ra. Dung dch Y tc
dng vi dung dch AgNO3 d c 100,45 gam kt ta. Kim loi M l :
A. Na. B. Rb. C. K. D. Li.

BI 2 : KIM LOI KIM TH V HP CHT CA

KIM LOI KIM TH
A. L THUYT
PHN 1 : KIM LOI KIM TH
I. V TR V CU TO
1. V tr ca kim loi kim th trong bng tun hon
Kim loi kim th thuc nhm IIA ca bng tun hon, gm cc nguyn t : beri (Be), magie
(Mg), canxi (Ca), stronti (Sr), bari (Ba) v rai (Ra). Trong mi chu k, nguyn t kim loi kim th
ng sau nguyn t kim loi kim.
2. Cu to v tnh cht ca nguyn t kim loi kim th
Cu hnh electron : Kim loi kim th l nhng nguyn t s. Lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t c
2e phn lp ns2. So vi nhng electron khc trong nguyn t th hai electron ns2 xa ht nhn
hn c, chng d tch khi nguyn t.
Cc cation M2+ ca kim loi kim th c cu hnh electron ca nguyn t kh him ng trc
n trong bng tun hon.
S oxi ho : Cc ion kim loi kim th c in tch duy nht l 2+. V vy trong cc hp cht,
nguyn t kim loi kim th c s oxi ho l +2.
Th in cc chun : Cc cp oxi ho - kh M2+/M ca kim loi kim th u c th in cc
chun rt m.
II. Tnh cht vt l
Cc kim loi kim th c mt s tnh cht vt l ging nhau :
Nhit nng chy v nhit si tng i thp (tr beri).
cng tuy c cao hn kim loi kim, nhng nhn chung kim loi kim th c cng thp.
Khi lng ring tng i nh, chng l nhng kim loi nh hn nhm (tr bari).
Bng : Mt s hng s vt l ca kim loi kim th
Nguyn t Be Mg Ca Sr Ba
O
Nhit nng chy ( C) 1280 650 838 768 714
O
Nhit si ( C) 2770 1110 1440 1380 1640
3
Khi lng ring (g/cm ) 1,85 1,74 1,55 2,6 3,5
cng (ly kim cng
2,0 1,5 1,8
bng 10)

II. Tnh cht ha hc

Bng :Mt s i lng c trng ca kim loi kim th
Nguyn t Be Mg Ca Sr Ba
2 2 2
Cu hnh electron [He]2s [Ne]3s [Ar]4s [Kr]5s2 [Xe]6s2
Bn knh nguyn t (nm) 0,11 0,16 0,20 0,21 0,22
Nng lng ion ho I2
1800 1450 1150 1060 970
(kJ/mol)
m in 1,57 1,31 1,00 0,95 0,89
Th in cc chun
E o M 2+ (V) - 1,85 - 2,37 - 2,87 - 2,89 - 2,90
M
Lp
Lp phng tm
Mng tinh th Lc phng phng
din
tm khi
Cc kim loi kim th u c tnh kh mnh, nhng yu hn so vi kim loi kim. Tnh kh
ca cc kim loi kim th tng dn t Be n Ba.
Khi t nng, cc kim loi kim th u bc chy trong khng kh to ra oxit.
o
t
2Mg + O2 2MgO
Tc dng vi halogen to mui halogenua.
o
t
Ca + Cl2 CaCl2
2. Tc dng vi axit
Ca + 2HCl CaCl2 + H2
3. Tc dng vi nc
Ca, Sr, Ba tc dng vi H2O nhit thng to thnh dung dch baz. Mg tc dng chm vi
nc nhit thng to ra Mg(OH)2, tc dng nhanh vi hi nc nhit cao to thnh MgO.
Be khng tc dng vi H2O d nhit cao.
Ca + 2H2O Ca(OH)2 + H2
o
t
Mg + H2O MgO + H2
IV. ng dng v iu ch
1. ng dng ca kim loi kim th
Kim loi Be c dng lm cht ph gia ch to nhng hp kim c tnh n hi cao, bn
chc, khng b n mn.
Kim loi Mg c nhiu ng dng hn c. N c dng ch to nhng hp kim c c tnh
cng, nh, bn. Nhng hp kim ny c dng ch to my bay, tn la, t,... Kim loi Mg cn
c dng tng hp nhiu hp cht hu c. Bt Mg trn vi cht oxi ho dng ch to cht
chiu sng ban m.
Kim loi Ca dng lm cht kh tch oxi, lu hunh ra khi thp. Canxi cn c dng
lm kh mt s hp cht hu c. Cc kim loi kim th cn li t c ng dng trong thc t.
2. iu ch kim loi kim th
Trong t nhin, kim loi kim th ch tn ti dng ion M2+ trong cc hp cht.
Phng php c bn iu ch kim loi kim th l in phn mui nng chy ca chng.
pnc
V d : CaCl2
Ca + Cl2

PHN 2 : MT S HP CHT QUAN TRNG CA

KIM LOI KIM TH
I. Mt s hp cht ca canxi
1. Canxi hiroxit, Ca(OH)2
Canxi hiroxit l cht rn mu trng, t tan trong nc ( tan 25oC l 0,12 g/100 g H2O).
Dung dch canxi hiroxit (nc vi trong) l mt baz mnh :
Ca(OH)2 Ca2+ + 2OH
Dung dch canxit hiroxit c nhng tnh cht chung ca mt baz tan (tc dng vi oxit axit,
axit, mui).
2. Canxi cacbonat, CaCO3
Canxi cacbonat l cht rn mu trng, khng tan trong nc ( tan 25oC l 0,00013 g/100 g
H2O).
Canxi cacbonat l mui ca axit yu v khng bn, nn tc dng c vi nhiu axit hu c v
v c gii phng kh cacbon ioxit :
CaCO3 + 2HCl CaCl2 + H2O + CO2
CaCO3 + 2CH3COOH Ca(CH3COO)2 + H2O + CO2
Canxi cacbonat tan dn trong nc c cha kh cacbon ioxit, to ra mui tan l canxi
hirocacbonat Ca(HCO3)2 : CaCO3 + H2O + CO2 Ca(HCO3)2
Phn ng thun gii thch s xm thc ca nc ma (c cha CO2) i vi vi.
Phn ng nghch gii thch s to thnh thch nh trong cc hang ng ni vi, s to thnh
lp cn canxi cacbonat (CaCO3) trong m un nc, phch ng nc nng,...
3. Canxi sunfat, CaSO4
Canxi sunfat l cht rn, mu trng, tan t trong nc ( tan 25oC l 0,15 g/100 gam H2O).
Tu theo lng nc kt tinh trong mui canxi sunfat, ta c 3 loi :
CaSO4.2H2O c trong t nhin l thch cao sng, bn nhit thng.
CaSO4.H2O hoc CaSO4.0,5H2O l thch cao nung, c iu ch bng cch nung thch
cao sng nhit khong 160oC :
160o C
CaSO4.2H2O CaSO4.H2O + H2O
CaSO4 c tn l thch cao khan, c iu ch bng cch nung thch cao sng nhit
cao hn. Thch cao khan khng tan v khng tc dng vi nc.
II. Nc cng
1. Nc cng
Nc c vai tr cc k quan trng i vi i sng con ngi v hu ht cc ngnh sn xut,
chn nui, trng trt. Nc thng dng l nc t nhin, c ly t sng, sui, h, nc ngm.
Nc ny c ho tan mt s mui, nh Ca(HCO3)2, Mg(HCO3)2, CaSO4, MgSO4, CaCl2, MgCl2. V
vy nc trong t nhin c cc cation Ca2+, Mg2+.
Nc cng l nc c cha nhiu cation Ca2+, Mg2+. Nc cha t hoc khng cha cc ion
trn c gi l nc mm.
2. phn loi nc cng
Cn c vo thnh phn ca anion gc axit c trong nc cng, ngi ta phn thnh 3 loi :
Nc c tnh cng tm thi, nc c tnh cng vnh cu v nc c tnh cng ton phn.

a. Nc c tnh cng tm thi l nc cng do cc mui Ca(HCO3)2, Mg(HCO3)2 gy ra :

Ca(HCO3)2 Ca2+ + 2HCO3-
Mg(HCO3)2 Mg2+ + 2HCO3-
b. Nc c tnh cng vnh cu l nc cng do cc mui CaCl2, MgCl2, CaSO4, MgSO4 gy
CaCl2 Ca2+ + 2Cl
MgCl2 Mg2+ + 2Cl
CaSO4 Ca2+ + SO4 2
MgSO4 Mg2+ + SO4 2
Nc t nhin thng c c tnh cng tm thi v vnh cu.
c. Nc c tnh cng ton phn l nc c c tnh cng tm thi v vnh cu.
3. Tc hi ca nc cng
Nc cng gy nhiu tr ngi cho i sng thng ngy. Git bng x phng (natri stearat
C17H35COONa) trong nc cng s to ra mui khng tan l canxi stearat (C17H35COO)2Ca, cht
ny bm trn vi si, lm cho qun o mau mc nt. Mt khc, nc cng lm cho x phng c t
bt, gim kh nng ty ra ca n. Nu dng nc cng nu thc n, s lm cho thc phm lu
chn v gim mi v.
Nc cng cng gy tc hi cho cc ngnh sn xut, nh to ra cc cn trong ni hi, gy lng
ph nhin liu v khng an ton. Nc cng gy ra hin tng lm tc ng dn nc nng trong sn
xut v trong i sng. Nc cng cng lm hng nhiu dung dch cn pha ch.
V vy, vic lm mm nc cng trc khi dng c ngha rt quan trng.
4. Cc bin php lm mm nc cng
Nguyn tc lm mm nc cng l gim nng cc cation Ca2+, Mg2+ trong nc cng.
a. Phng php kt ta
i vi nc c tnh cng tm thi
un si nc c tnh cng tm thi trc khi dng, mui hirocacbonat chuyn thnh mui
cacbonat khng tan.
o
t
Ca(HCO3)2 CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O
o
t
Mg(HCO3)2 MgCO3 + CO2 + H2O
Lc b kt ta, c nc mm.
Dng mt khi lng va dung dch Ca(OH)2 trung ho mui hirocacbonat thnh mui
cacbonat kt ta. Lc b cht khng tan, c nc mm :
Ca(HCO3)2 + Ca(OH)2 2CaCO3 + 2H2O
i vi nc c tnh cng vnh cu
Dng dung dch Na2CO3 hoc dung dch Na3PO4 lm mm nc cng :
Ca2+ + CO32 CaCO3
3Ca2+ + PO 43 Ca3(PO4)2
b. Phng php trao i ion
Phng php trao i ion c dng ph bin lm mm nc. Phng php ny da trn kh
nng trao i ion ca mt s cht cao phn t thin nhin v nhn to nh cc ht zeolit (cc
alumino silicat kt tinh, c trong t nhin hoc c tng hp, trong tinh th c cha nhng l
trng nh) hoc nha trao i ion. V d : cho nc cng i qua cht trao i ion l cc ht zeolit
th mt s ion Na+ ca zeolit ri khi mng tinh th, i vo trong nc nhng ch cho cc ion Ca2+
v Mg2+ b gi li trong mng tinh th silicat.
S li hi ca tht bi
Mt cng ty ln tuyn m nhn s v s ngi ng th rt ng. H u c b dy kinh nghim v
c bng cp, hc v ng knh n. Qua ba vng thi tuyn ch cn li 11 ngi lt vo vng cui
cng cho su v tr quan trng ca cng ty do chnh tng gim c v nhng nhn vt cao cp trong
cng ty trc tip phng vn.
Khi v tng gim c pht hin c n 12 ngi tham d, ng hi: "Ai trong s cc v khng lt
qua cc vng tuyn chn trc "?.
"Tha ng, ti" - Mt chng trai ng dy ni. "Ti b loi ngay t vng u nhng ti tin mnh c
th trng tuyn nn vn mun th sc vng cui cng ny".
Mi ngi trong phng u bt ci, k c ng gi lo vic tr nc ng pha ca ra vo. ng
tng gim c va ngc nhin, va t m hi tip: "Anh b loi t vng u, vy hm nay anh
ti y c ngha g"?
"Ti ch tt nghip i hc v l mt nhn vin bnh thng nhng ti c 11 nm kinh nghim lm
vic v tng lm cho 18 cng ty khc nhau" - Rt t tin, chng trai tr li.
"Bng cp, hc lc v chc v ca anh u mc trung bnh. 11 nm kinh nghim lm vic ti 18
cng ty khc nhau ng l iu ng ngc nhin. Tuy nhin vi t cch l nh tuyn dng, chng
ti khng thch iu ny". - ng tng gim c ngt li.
"Tha ng, ti khng h chuyn cng ty m ti v 18 cng ty ti tng lm vic u... ph sn" -
Chng thanh nin vn tr li tnh b.
Ln ny th c khn phng ci . C ting bnh phm t pha trn: Cu ta ng l ngi xui xo.
Nhng chng trai ni tip: "Ti cho rng mi chnh l im mnh ca ring ti m khng phi ai
trong qu v y cng c c".
C phng li n o ln. Lc ny, ng gi phc v nc tin n bn ch ta v rt nc cho cc v
lnh o trong hi ng gim kho. Chng trai tip tc:
"Ti hiu rt r 18 cng ty bi ti tng cng nhng ng nghip ca mnh chung lng u ct
ko chng khi b vc ph sn. Tuy khng thnh nhng ti hc c rt nhiu t nhng sai
lm khin cng ty tht bi. a s chng ta thng thch tm hiu v hc hi nhng kinh nghim
thnh cng, nhng khc vi qu v, ti chc chn c nhiu kinh nghim hn ngi khc ch bit
lm th no trnh sai lm v tht bi. Ti bit chc nhng kinh nghim thnh cng thng c
nhng im tng ng nhng l do dn n tht bi th lun khc nhau. Tht s rt kh bin
kinh nghim thnh cng ca ngi khc thnh ca ci ca chnh mnh, nhng chng ta li rt d
phm sai lm ca k khc".
Ni xong, chng trai ng dy t mun i ra khi phng. ng phc v gi li chm ln rt nc
cho ng tng gim c. Bt ng chng trai quay u li mm ci v ni vi ng tng gim c:
"11 nm vi 18 cng ty khc nhau cho php ti c s quan st v c phn tch v ngi v vic. V
vy, ti bit r v gim kho tht s ca ngy hm nay khng phi l ng m chnh l ng gi lao
cng, phc v nc".
C 11 th sinh trong phng u ngc nhin nhn v pha ngi phc v gi vi nh mt hoi nghi.
Lc ny, ng gi lao cng mm ci hi lng v ni: "Rt gii! Anh s l ngi u tin c nhn
vo lm vic ti cng ty chng ti. Ngoi ra, ti cng tht s mun bit v sao mn trnh din ca ti
li c th b tht bi nhanh chng nh vy".

B. PHNG PHP GII BI TP V KIM LOI KIM TH V HP

CHT CA KIM LOI KIM TH
I. Kim loi kim th

Phng php gii
Bn cht phn ng ca kim loi kim th vi cc cht (nc, axit, mui, phi kim...) l phn ng
oxi ha - kh.
Phng php gii cc bi tp dng ny ch yu l s dng nh lut bo ton electron v
phng trnh ion rt gn. Ngoi ra c th s dng nh lut bo ton khi lng, bo ton nguyn
t v tnh ton theo phng trnh phn ng. i vi bi tp lin quan n hn hp cc kim loi
kim th th nn s dng phng php trung bnh.
Cc v d minh ha
1. Phn ng vi phi kim
V d 1: Cho V lt hn hp kh Cl2 v O2 (ktc) tc dng va vi hn hp cha 2,7 gam Al v
3,6 gam Mg, thu c 22,1 gam sn phm rn. Gi tr ca V l :
A. 1,12 lt. B. 3,36 lt. C. 5,6 lt. D. 4,48 lt.
Hng dn gii
4Al + 3O2 2Al2O3
2Mg + O2 2MgO
2Al + 3Cl2 2AlCl3
Mg + Cl2 MgCl2
T cc phn ng ta thy : Cht kh l Al v Mg ; cht oxi ha l Cl2 v O2.
Gi s mol Cl2 l x v s mol O2 l y ta c :
71x + 32y = 22,1 (2,7 + 3,6) = 15,8 71x + 32y = 15,8 (1)
2.n Mg + 3.n Al = 4.n O2 + 2.n Cl2 2.0,15 + 3.0,1 = 4y + 2x 2x + 4y = 0,6 (2)
T (1) v (2) ta c : x = 0,2 v y = 0,05 n (O = 0,25 mol V(O = 5,6 lt.
2, Cl2 ) 2 , Cl 2 )
p n C.
V d 2: un nng 6,96 gam MnO2 vi HCl c va cho ti khi phn ng xong. Tch ly ton
b n cht Z cho phn ng ht vi kim loi M ha tr II c 7,6 gam mui. Kim loi M l :
A. Cu. B. Mg. C. Fe. D. Zn.
Hng dn gii
Gi M l kim loi cn tm. p dng nh lut bo ton electron ta c :
2.n MnO = 2.n Cl 7,6 0,08.71 1,92 1,92

2 2
n Cl2 = 0,08 n M = = 2. = 2.0,08 M = 24 (Mg).
2.n M = 2.nCl2 M M M
p n B.

V d 3: t chy hon ton 7,2 gam kim loi M (c ho tr khng i trong hp cht) trong hn
hp kh Cl2 v O2. Sau phn ng thu c 23,0 gam cht rn v th tch hn hp kh phn ng l
5,6 lt ( ktc). Kim loi M l :
A. Mg. B. Ca. C. Be. D. Cu.
Hng dn gii
Theo gi thit ta c :
n (Cl2 ,O 2 ) = 0, 25 mol ; m (Cl2 ,O 2 ) = 15,8 gam.
Gi x v y ln lt l s mol ca Cl2 v O2 ta c :
x+y = 0,25 x = 0, 2

71x+32y = 15,8 y = 0,05
7, 2 n = 2
n.n M = 2.n Cl2 + 4.n O2 .n = 0, 2.2 + 0, 05.4 M = 12n
M M = 24 (Mg)
p n A.
2. Phn ng vi nc
V d 1: Ha tan hon ton 8,94 gam hn hp gm Na, K v Ba vo nc, thu c dung dch X v
2,688 lt kh H2 (ktc). Dung dch Y gm HCl v H2SO4, t l mol tng ng l 4 : 1. Trung ha
dung dch X bi dung dch Y, tng khi lng cc mui c to ra l :
Hng dn gii
Phng trnh phn ng :
2K + 2H2O 2K+ + 2OH- + H2 (1)
2Na + 2H2O 2Na+ + 2OH- + H2 (2)
Ba + 2H2O Ba2+ + 2OH- + H2 (3)
H+ + OH- H2O (4)
T cc phn ng v gi thit ta c : n H+ = n OH = 2.n H = 0,24 mol.
2
t n HCl = 4x mol, n H2SO4 = x mol 4x + 2x = 0,24 x = 0, 04.

Khi lng mui thu c l :
m = m (Na+ , K + Ba2+ ) + m Cl + m SO 2 = 8,94 + 4.0,04.35,5 + 0,04.96 = 18,46 gam.
4
p n B.
V d 2: Cho a gam kim loi M tan ht vo H2O thu c dung dch c khi lng ln hn khi
lng H2O ban u l 0,95a gam. M l :
A. Na. B. Ba. C. Ca. D. Li.
Hng dn gii
Phng trnh phn ng :
2M + 2nH2O 2M(OH)n + nH2 (1)
a an
mol:
M 2M
Khi lng dung dch tng = m M m H = 0,95a m H = 0, 05a (gam) n H = 0, 025a (mol).
2 2 2

an M M = 40
Theo (1) ta thy : = 0,025a = 20
2M n n = 2
Vy kim loi M l Ca.
p n C.
V d 3: Ho tan hon ton 2,9 gam hn hp gm kim loi M v oxit ca n vo nc, thu c
500 ml dung dch cha mt cht tan c nng 0,04M v 0,224 lt kh H2 (ktc). Kim loi M l :
A. Ca. B. K. C. Na. D. Ba.
Hng dn gii
S phn ng :
(M, M2On) + H2O M(OH)n + H2 (1)
mol: (0,01n + 0,01) 0,02 0,01
Theo gi thit ta thy : n H = 0, 01 mol, n M(OH) = 0, 02 mol.
2 n
p dng nh lut bo ton nguyn t i vi H ta suy ra : n H O = (0, 01n + 0, 01) mol.

2

2,9 + 18(0,01n + 0,01) = 0,02(M + 17n) + 2.0,01
M = 137
0,02M + 0,16n = 3,06
n = 2
Vy kim loi M l Ba.
p n D.
3. Phn ng vi axit
a. Phn ng vi axit HCl, H2SO4 long
V d 1: Ho tan hon ton hn hp X gm Fe v Mg bng mt lng va dung dch HCl 20%,
thu c dung dch Y. Nng ca FeCl2 trong dung dch Y l 15,76%. Nng phn trm ca
MgCl2 trong dung dch Y l :
A. 15,76%. B. 28,21%. C. 11,79%. D. 24,24%.
Hng dn gii
Chn s mol ca Fe bng 1 mol ; s mol ca Mg bng x mol.
Phng trnh phn ng :
Fe + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2 (1)
mol: 1 2 1 1
Mg + 2HCl MgCl2 + H2 (2)
mol: x 2x x x
m (Mg, Fe) + m dd HCl = m dd (FeCl + mH
2, MgCl2 ) 2
(2x + 2).36,5
m dd (FeCl = (1.56 + 24x) + 2.(1 + x) = (419 + 387x) gam.
2, MgCl2 )
20%
m FeCl = 1.(56 + 71) = 127 gam.
2
127
C%(FeCl ) = = 15, 76% x = 1 .
2
419 + 387x

1.(24 + 71)
C%(MgCl ) = .100% = 11, 79% .
2
419 + 387.1
p n C.
V d 2: Kim loi R ha tr khng i vo 100 ml dung dch HCl 1,5M c 2,24 lt H2 (ktc) v
dung dch X. Tnh khi lng kt ta thu c khi cho dung dch AgNO3 d vo dung dch X.
Hng dn gii
Phng trnh phn ng :
2R + 2nHCl 2Rn+ + 2nCl- + nH2 (1)
mol: 0,15 0,15 0,075
n+
2R + 2nH2O 2R + 2nOH- + nH2 (2)
mol: 0,05 0,025
1
Theo (1) ta thy n H = n = 0, 075 mol , mt khc theo gi thit n H = 0,1 mol . T suy ra
2
2 HCl 2
c phn ng ca kim loi R vi nc v gii phng 0,025 mol H2.

Phn ng ca AgNO3 vi dung dch X :
Ag+ + Cl- AgCl (3)
mol: 0,15 0,15
Ag + OH- AgOH
+
(4)
mol: 0,05 0,05
V AgOH khng bn nn chuyn ha thnh Ag2O.
2AgOH Ag2O + H2O (5)
mol: 0,05 0,025
Kt ta thu c gm AgCl v Ag2O. Khi lng kt ta l :
m (Ag O, AgCl) = 232.0, 025 + 0,15.143,5 = 27,325 gam.
2
p n D.
V d 3: Ho tan hon ton mt lng kim loi R ha tr n bng dung dch H2SO4 long ri c cn
dung dch sau phn ng thu c mt lng mui khan c khi lng gp 5 ln khi lng kim loi
R ban u em ho tan. Kim loi R l :
A. Al. B. Ba. C. Zn. D. Mg.
Hng dn gii
Chn s mol ca R tham gia phn ng l 1 mol.
S phn ng :
H SO
2R
2 4
R 2 (SO4 )n
mol: 1 0,5
Theo gi thit ta c :
n = 2
0,5.(2R + 96n) =5R R= 12n
R = 24 (Mg)
Vy M l magie.
p n D.

V d 4: Ho tan mt lng oxit ca kim loi R vo trong dung dch H2SO4 4,9% (va ) th thu
c mt dung dch mui c nng 5,87%. Cng thc ca oxit kim loi l :
A. CuO. B. FeO. C. MgO. D. ZnO.
Hng dn gii
t cng thc tng qut ca oxit l R2Ox (x l ho tr ca R).
Gi s ho tan 1 mol R2Ox.
R2Ox + xH2SO4 R2 (SO4)x + xH2O
mol: 1 x 1
gam: (2MR + 16x) 98x (2MR + 96x)
Theo nh lut bo ton khi lng ta c :
98.x
m dd sau p = (2 M R + 16 x ) + = (2 M R + 2016 x ) gam .
4, 9%
Phng trnh nng % ca dung dch mui l :
2M R + 96x x = 2
1 0 0 = 5, 8 7 MR = 12x
2M R + 2016x M R = 24
Vy kim loi R l Mg ; oxit kim loi l MgO.
p n C.
V d 5: Ho tan hon ton 2,45 gam hn hp X gm hai kim loi kim th vo 200 ml dung dch
HCl 1,25M, thu c dung dch Y cha cc cht tan c nng mol bng nhau. Hai kim loi trong
X l :
A. Mg v Ca. B. Be v Mg. C. Mg v Sr. D. Be v Ca.
Hng dn gii
Sau phn ng thu c cc cht tan l hai mui clorua ca 2 kim loi kim th v c th c
HCl cn d.
Trng hp 1: Hai cht tan l hai mui clorua c s mol bng nhau nn hai kim loi ban u
cng c s mol bng nhau.
X + 2HCl XCl2 + H2
mol: 0,125 0,25
2, 45
Khi lng mol trung bnh ca hn hp l : M = = 19, 6 g / mol c Be trong hn hp.
0,125
Gi khi lng mol ca kim loi cn li l M, ta c :
0, 0625.9 + 0, 0625.M
M= = 19,6 M = 30,2 (loai) .
0,125
Trng hp 2: HCl d, dung dch cha 3 cht tan c nng bng nhau
t s mol ca cc mui clorua v ca HCl d trong dung dch l x, theo bo ton nguyn t clo
ta c :
2x + 2x + x = 0,25 x = 0,05 n HCl (p ) = 0,25 0, 05 = 0,2 mol .
X + 2HCl XCl2 + H2
mol: 0,1 0,2

2, 45
Khi lng mol trung bnh ca hn hp l: M = = 24,5 g / mol c Be trong hn hp.
0,1
Gi khi lng mol ca kim loi cn li l M, ta c :
0,05.9 + 0, 05.M
M= = 24,5 M = 40 M l Ca.
0,1
p n D.
V d 6: ho tan hon ton 6,4 gam hn hp gm kim loi R (ch c ho tr II) v oxit ca n
cn va 400 ml dung dch HCl 1M. Kim loi R l :
A. Ba. B. Ca. C. Be. D. Mg.
Hng dn gii
S phn ng :
(R, RO) + 2HCl RCl2 + H2O + H2 (1)
mol : 0,2 0,4
6, 4
Theo (1) v gi thit suy ra : M(R, RO) = = 32 gam / mol R < 32 < R + 16 16 < R < 32.
0,2
Vy kim loi R l Mg.
p n D.
V d 7: X l kim loi thuc phn nhm chnh nhm II (hay nhm IIA). Cho 1,7 gam hn hp gm
kim loi X v Zn tc dng vi lng d dung dch HCl, sinh ra 0,672 lt kh H2 (ktc). Mt khc,
khi cho 1,9 gam X tc dng vi lng d dung dch H2SO4 long, th th tch kh hiro sinh ra cha
n 1,12 lt (ktc). Kim loi X l :
A. Ba. B. Ca. C. Sr. D. Mg.
Hng dn gii
t cng thc chung ca hai kim loi X v Zn l R.
Phng trnh phn ng :
R + 2HCl RCl2 + H2 (1)
mol: 0,03 0,03
1, 7
Khi lng mol trung bnh ca hn hp l : M R = = 56,667 M X < M R < M Zn (*).
0, 03
Phn ng ca X vi dung dch H2SO4 long :
X + H2SO4 XSO4 + H2 (2)
mol: < 0,05 < 0,05
1,9
Theo (2) v gi thit ta suy ra M X > = 38 gam / mol (**).
0, 05
T (*) v (**) ta suy ra X l Ca.
p n B.

V d 8: Cho 7,1 gam hn hp gm mt kim loi kim X v mt kim loi kim th Y tc dng ht
vi lng d dung dch HCl long, thu c 5,6 lt kh (ktc). Kim loi X, Y l :
A. natri v magie. B. liti v beri. C. kali v canxi. D. kali v bari.
Hng dn gii
Phng trnh phn ng ha hc:
2X + 2HCl 2XCl + H2 (1)
Y+ 2HCl YCl2 + H2 (2)
T cc phn ng v gi thit ta thy : n H2 < n X,Y < 2.n H2
Khi lng mol trung bnh ca hai kim loi :
7,1 7,1
< M < 14,2 < M < 28,4 Hai kim loi l Na v Mg.
0, 25.2 0, 25
p n A.
b. Phn ng vi dung dch H2SO4 c, dung dch HNO3
Dng 1 : Tnh khi lng mui to thnh
V d 9: Cho 1,35 gam hn hp gm Cu, Mg, Al tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 d, thu c 1,12
ra l :
Hng dn gii
p dng s ng cho cho hn hp NO2 v NO ta c :
n 46 40 30 = 10
NO2 n NO2 10 5
40 = =
n NO 6 3
n NO 30 46 40 = 6
5
Suy ra : n NO = .0,05 = 0, 03125 mol, n NO = 0, 05 0, 03125 = 0, 01875 mol.
2
8
Ta c cc qu trnh oxi ha kh :
Qu trnh kh :
NO3 + 3e NO
mol : 0,05625 0,01875

NO3 + 1e NO2
mol : 0,03125 0,03125
Nh vy, tng mol electron nhn = tng mol electron nhng = 0,0875 mol.
Khi lng mui nitrat sinh ra l :
m muoi nitrat = m kim loai + m NO tao muoi = m kim loai + 62.nelectron trao oi = 6,775 gam.
3
p n C.
Ch :
+ Trong phn ng ca kim loi vi axit nitric to ra mui nitrat (phn ng khng to ra mui
amoni nitrat) ta c :
m muoi nitrat = m kim loai + m NO tao muoi = m kim loai + 62.nelectron trao oi
3

+ Trong phn ng ca kim loi vi axit nitric to ra mui nitrat kim loi v mui amoni ntrat
ta c :
m Muoi = m muoi ntrat kim loai + m NH4 NO3 = (m kim loai + m NO tao muoi ) + m NH4 NO3 =
3
= (m kim loai + 62.m electron trao oi ) + m NH4 NO3
V d 10: Cho 12,9 gam hn hp Al, Mg phn ng va ht vi dung dch H2SO4 c, nng. Sau
phn ng thu c 0,125 mol S, 0,2 mol SO2 v dung dch X. C cn dung dch X thu c m gam
mui. Gi tr ca m l :
A. 68,1. B. 84,2. C. 64,2. D. 123,3.
Hng dn gii
Cch 1 :
Ta c cc qu trnh kh :
8H+ + SO42- + 6e S + 4H2O
mol: 1 0,125 0,75 0,125
4H+ + SO42- + 2e SO2 + 2H2O
mol: 0,8 0,2 0,4 0,2
Cn c vo cc qu trnh kh ta thy :
1
n H SO = .n H+ = 0,9 mol; n SO 2 tham gia vao qua trnh kh = 0,325 mol
p
2 4
2 4
n SO 2 tham gia vao qua trnh tao muoi = 0,9 0,325 = 0,575 mol.
4
Vy khi lng mui sunfat thu c l :

m muoi = m kim loai + m goc SO 2 tao muoi = 12,9 + 0,575.96 = 68,1 gam .
4
Nhn xt : Trong phn ng ca kim loi vi axit sunfuric c to ra mui sunfat ta c :

1
m muoi sunfat = m kim loai + m SO 2 tao muoi = m kim loai + 96. n electron trao oi
4 2
Cch 2 :
Da vo nhn xt trn ta c :
1
m muoi sunfat = m kim loai + m SO 2 tao muoi = m kim loai + 96. n electron trao oi
4 2
0,125.6 + 0,2.2
= 12,9 + 96. = 68,1 gam.
2
Dng 2 : Xc nh sn phm kh ; xc nh kim loi
V d 11: Ha tan hon ton 2,52 gam hn hp Mg v Al bng dung dch HCl thu c 2,688 lt
hiro (ktc). Cng lng hn hp ny nu ha tan hon ton bng H2SO4 c nng th thu c
0,12 mol mt sn phm X duy nht hnh thnh do s kh S+6. X l :
A. S. B. SO2. C. H2S. D. S hoc SO2.
Hng dn gii
Phn ng ca hn hp hai kim loi vi HCl :
Mg + 2HCl MgCl2 + H2 (1)
mol: x x

2Al + 6HCl 2AlCl3 + 3H2 (2)

mol: y 1,5y
T (1), (2) v gi thit ta c :
24x + 27y = 2,52 x = 0,06

x + 1,5y = 0,12 y = 0,04
Gi s s electron m S+6 nhn vo to ra sn phm X l n ta c :
Qu trnh oxi ha :
Al Al+3 + 3e
Mg Mg+2 + 2e
Tng s mol electron nhng = 0,04.3 + 0,06.2 = 0,24.
Qu trnh kh :
S+6 + ne X
Tng s mol electron thu = 0,12.n
0,12.n = 0,24 n = 2 S+6 + 2e S+4
Vy sn phm X l SO2.
p n B.
V d 12: Ho tan hon ton 8,862 gam hn hp gm Al v Mg vo dung dch HNO3 long, thu
c dung dch X v 3,136 lt (ktc) hn hp Y gm hai kh khng mu, trong c mt kh ha
nu trong khng kh. Khi lng ca Y l 5,18 gam. Cho dung dch NaOH (d) vo X v un nng,
khng c kh mi khai thot ra. Phn trm khi lng ca Al trong hn hp ban u l :
A. 19,53%. B. 12,80%. C. 10,52%. D. 15,25%.
Hng dn gii
Theo gi thit Y gm hai kh khng mu, trong c mt kh ha nu trong khng kh. Suy ra
hn hp Y c cha NO v mt kh cn li l N2 hoc N2O.
3,136 m 5,18
nY = = 0,14 mol M Y = Y = = 37 gam / mol M NO < M Y < M N O .
22, 4 n Y 0,14 2
Vy hn hp Y gm hai kh l NO v N2O. t s mol ca hai kh l x v y, ta c :

x + y = 0,14 x = 0,07

30x + 44y = 5,18 y = 0,07
Gi s mol ca Al v Mg trong hn hp l a v b, ta c :
27a + 24b = 8,862 a = 0,042

3a + 2b = 0,07.3 + 0,07.8 b = 0,322
Phn trm khi lng ca Al trong hn hp ban u l :
0, 042.27
%Al = = 12,8%.
8,862
p n B.

V d 13: Ho tan 82,8 gam kim loi M trong dung dch HNO3 long thu c 16,8 lt hn hp kh
X (ktc) gm 2 kh khng mu khng ho nu trong khng kh. T khi hi ca X so vi H2 l
17,2. Kim loi M l (Bit phn ng khng to ra NH4NO3) :
A. Mg. B. Ag. C. Cu. D. Al.
Hng dn gii
Theo gi thit ta suy ra hai kh l N2 v N2O.
p dng s ng cho cho hn hp N2O v N2 ta c :
n 28 44 34,4 = 9,6
N2 n N2 9, 6 3
34,4 = =
n N2O 6, 4 2
nN O 44 34,4 28 = 6,4
2
3
Suy ra : n N = .0, 75 = 0, 45 mol, n NO = 0, 75 0, 45 = 0,3 mol.
2
5
Gi n l s electron m kim loi M nhng. p dng nh lut bo ton electron ta c :
82,8 n = 2
n.n M = 8.n N2O + 10.n N2 n. = 8.0,3 + 10.0,45 M = 12n
M M = 24 (Mg)
p n A.
Dng 3 : Phn ng to mui amoni
V d 14: Cho 5,52 gam Mg tan ht vo dung dch HNO3 th thu c 0,896 lt hn hp kh N2 v
N2O c t khi so vi H2 l 16. C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c mt lng cht rn l :
A. 34,04 gam. B. 34,64 gam. C. 34,84 gam. D. 44, 6 gam.
Hng dn gii
Tng s mol ca N2 v N2O l 0,04 mol.
n N2 44 32 3
= =
n N2O 32 28 1
Suy ra n N2 = 0, 03 mol ; n N2O = 0, 01 mol .
+5
Tng s mol electron m N nhn sinh ra N2 v N2O l : 10.0,03 + 8.0,01 = 0,38 mol.
+2
Tng s mol electron m Mg nhng sinh ra Mg l : 0,23.2 = 0,46 > 0,38 nn suy ra phn
ng to ra c NH4NO3.
0, 46 0,38 +5 3
S mol NH4NO3 l : = 0, 01 mol (V qu trnh kh N thnh N nhn vo 8e).
8
Vy khi lng mui thu c l :
m mui = m Mg(NO3 )2 + m NH4 NO3 = 0, 23.148 + 0, 01.80 = 34,84 gam.
p n C.

V d 15: Cho hn hp gm 6,72 gam Mg v 0,8 gam MgO tc dng ht vi lng d dung dch
HNO3. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 0,896 lt mt kh X (ktc) v dung dch Y.
Lm bay hi dung dch Y thu c 46 gam mui khan. Kh X l :
A. NO2. B. N2O. C. NO. D. N2.
Hng dn gii
S phn ng :
Mg

HNO3
X + dung dch Y cha 46 gam mui
MgO
Theo nh lut bo ton nguyn t ta c :
n Mg( NO3 )2 = n Mg + n MgO = 0, 3 mol m Mg( NO3 )2 = 0,3.148 = 44, 4 gam < 46 gam .
46 44, 4
Phn ng to ra mui NH4NO3, s mol NH4NO3 bng = 0, 02 mol .
80
+5
Gi n l s electron m N nhn to ra kh X.
2.n Mg = n.n X + 8.n NH4 NO3 n = 10 2N +5 + 10e N 2
Vy X l N2.
p n D.
V d 16: Ha tan hon ton 5,525 gam mt kim loi trong dung dch HNO3 long c duy nht
dung dch X. C cn dung dch X c 17,765 gam cht rn khan. Tnh s mol axit HNO3 tham gia
phn ng.
A. 0,17. B. 0,425. C. 0,85. D. 0,2125.
Hng dn gii
Theo gi thit suy ra kim loi phn ng vi HNO3 to ra mui amoni, ta c :
m Chat ran = m muoi ntrat kim loai + m NH NO = (m kim loai + m NO tao muoi ) + m NH NO =
4 3 3 4 3
n electron trao oi
(m kim loai + 62.n electron trao oi ) + .80
8
n electron trao oi
17, 765 = 5,525 + 62.n electron trao oi + .80 n electron trao oi = 0,17 mol
8
0,17
n HNO = n N + nN = 0,17 + .2 = 0,2125 mol.
3
muoi nitrat kim loai muoi amoni nitrat 8
p n D.

Dng 4: Phn ng ca Mg vi ion NO3- trong mi trng H+

V d 17: Cho 1,2 gam Mg vo 100 ml dung dch hn hp gm H2SO4 0,75M v NaNO3 0,5M. Sau
phn ng ch thu c V lt kh dng n cht (khng c sn phm kh no khc) v dung dch X.
a. Th tch V ktc bng :
A. 5,600. B. 0,560. C. 1,120. D. 0,224.
b. C cn dung dch X thu c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l :
A. 11,44. B. 9,52. C. 8,4. D. 9,55.
Hng dn gii
Theo gi thit ta c :
n Mg = 0, 05 mol, n H 2SO4 = 0, 075 mol, n NaNO3 = 0, 05 mol n H + = 0,15 mol, n NO = 0, 05 mol.
3
Phng trnh phn ng :

5Mg + 12H+ + 2NO3- 5Mg2+ + N2 + 6H2O
b : 0,05 0,15 0,05 :mol
p: 0,05 0,12 0,02 0,05 0,01 :mol
sp: 0 0,03 0,03 0,05 :mol
Vy th tch kh N2 thu c l 0,01.22,4 =0,224 lt.
p n D.
Mg 2+ : 0, 05 mol
2
SO 4 : 0, 075 mol

b. Dung dch sau phn ng gm : NO3 : 0, 03 mol
+
H : 0, 03 mol
Na + : 0, 05 mol

Khi c cn dung dch X, 0,03 mol NO3- v 0,03 mol H+ kt hp va vi nhau thnh 0,03 mol
HNO3 bay hi thot ra khi dung dch. Mui khan thu c l MgSO4 v Na2SO4.
Khi lng mui khan l : m = 0,05.24 + 0,075.96 + 0,05.23 = 9,55 gam.
p n D.
4. Phn ng vi dung dch mui
V d 1: Cho m gam Mg vo dung dch cha 0,12 mol FeCl3. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton
A. 2,88. B. 2,16. C. 4,32. D. 5,04.
Hng dn gii
Khi cho Mg vo dung dch mui Fe , u tin Mg kh Fe3+ thnh Fe2+, sau Mg kh Fe2+ v
3+
Fe. Vy phn ng (1) xy ra xong sau mi n phn ng (2).

Gi s tt c lng Fe2+ chuyn ht thnh Fe th khi lng st to thnh l 6,72 gam. Trn thc
t khi lng cht rn thu c ch l 3,36 gam, suy ra Fe2+ cha phn ng ht, Mg phn ng
ht, 3,36 gam cht rn l Fe to thnh.
Phng trnh phn ng :
Mg + 2Fe3+ Mg2+ + 2Fe2+ (1)
mol: 0,06 0,12 0,06 0,12
Mg + Fe2+ Mg2+ + Fe (2)
mol: 0,06 0,06 0,06 0,06

Cn c vo (1) v (2) suy ra : n Mg = 0,12 mol m Mg = 0,12.24 = 2,88 gam.

p n A.
V d 2: Nhng mt thanh Mg vo 200 ml dung dch Fe(NO3)3 1M, sau mt thi gian ly thanh kim
loi ra cn li thy khi lng tng 0,8 gam. S gam Mg tan vo dung dch l :
Hng dn gii
Phng trnh phn ng :
Mg + 2Fe3+ Mg2+ + 2Fe2+ (1)
mol: 0,1 0,2 0,1 0,2
2+
Mg + Fe Mg2+ + Fe (2)
mol: x x x x
Khi lng thanh Mg tng = khi lng Fe sinh ra khi lng Mg phn ng.
Suy ra : 56x 24(0,1 + x) = 0,8 x = 0,1
Vy khi lng Mg phn ng l 24(0,1 + 0,1) = 4,8 gam.
p n B.
V d 3: Cho a mol kim loi Mg vo dung dch hn hp cha b mol CuSO4 v c mol FeSO4. Kt
A. a b. B. b a < b +c. C. b a b +c. D. b < a < 0,5(b + c).
Hng dn gii
2+ 2+
Tnh oxi ha : Cu > Fe .
Th t phn ng :
Mg + Cu2+ Mg2+ + Cu (1)
2+ 2+
Mg + Fe Mg + Fe (2)
Theo gi thit, sau phn ng thu c dung dch cha 2 mui, suy ra hai mui l Mg2+ v Fe2+.
V trong dung dch c mui Fe2+ nn s mol electron m Mg nhng nh hn s mol electron
m Cu2+ v Fe2+ nhn, suy ra : 2n Mg < 2n Cu 2+ + 2.n Fe2+ a < b + c (*).
Dung dch sau phn ng cha Mg2+ v Fe2+ nn (1) xy ra hon ton, (2) c th xy ra hoc
cha xy ra, nn s mol electron m Mg nhng ln hn hoc bng s mol electron m Cu2+ nhn,
suy ra : 2n Mg 2n Cu 2+ a b (**)
Vy b a < b +c.
p n B.
V d 4: Cho hn hp gm 1,2 mol Mg v x mol Zn vo dung dch cha 2 mol Cu2+ v 1 mol Ag+
n khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c mt dung dch cha ba loi ion kim loi. Trong
cc gi tr sau y, gi tr no ca x tho mn trng hp trn ?
A. 2. B. 1,2. C. 1,5. D. 1,8.
Hng dn gii
Th t kh : Mg > Zn ; th t oxi ha : Ag+ > Cu2+.
Cn c vo th t kh ca cc kim loi v th t oxi ha ca cc ion suy ra dung dch sau phn
ng cha cc ion l Mg2+, Zn2+ v Cu2+. Vy chng t Mg, Zn phn ng ht, Cu2+ d.
V mui Cu2+ d nn : n electron cho < n electron nhan 2.1,2 + 2x < 2.2 + 1.1 x < 1,3.
Vy ch c phng n x = 1,2 l ph hp.
p n B.
II. Hp cht ca kim loi kim th

1. Ion Ca2+, Ba2+, Mg2+ phn ng vi dung dch mui CO32-
V d 1: Dung dch A c cha 5 ion : Mg2+, Ba2+, Ca2+, 0,1 mol Cl v 0,2 mol NO3. Thm dn V
lt dung dch K2CO3 1M vo A n khi c lng kt ta ln nht. V c gi tr l :
A. 150 ml. B. 300 ml. C. 200 ml. D. 250 ml.
Hng dn gii
Phng trnh ion rt gn :
Mg2+ + CO32 MgCO3
Ba2+ + CO32 BaCO3
Ca2+ + CO32 CaCO3
Khi phn ng kt thc, cc kt ta tch khi dung dch, phn dung dch cha K+, Cl v NO3.
1
trung ha in th n K+ = n Cl + n NO = 0,3 mol n K 2CO3 = n K+ = 0,15 mol.
3
2
V = 0,15 lt = 150 ml.
p n A.
V d 2: Dung dch A cha cc ion: CO32-, SO32-, SO42-, 0,1 mol HCO3- v 0,3 mol Na+. Thm V lt
dung dch Ba(OH)2 1M vo A th thu c lng kt ta ln nht. Gi tr nh nht ca V l :
A. 0,15. B. 0,25. C. 0,20. D. 0,30.
Hng dn gii
Phng trnh phn ng :
HCO3- + OH- CO32- + H2O (1)
2+ 2
Ba + CO3 BaCO3 (2)
2+ 2
Ba + SO3 BaCO3 (3)
2+ 2
Ba + SO4 BaCO3 (4)
Theo cc phng trnh phn ng ta thy : Dung dch sau phn ng ch cn cha ion Na+ v OH-.
p dng nh lut bo ton in tch ta c n OH = n Na+ = 0,3 mol.
Theo (1) s mol OH- dng cho phn ng l 0,1 mol. Vy tng s mol OH- do Ba(OH)2 cung cp
l 0,4 mol. Suy ra s mol Ba(OH)2 cn dng l 0,2 mol.
0,2
Th tch dung dch Ba(OH)2 cn dng l VBa(OH) = = 0,2 lt.
2
1
p n C.
V d 3: C 1 lt dung dch hn hp Na2CO3 0,1 mol/l v (NH4)2CO3 0,25 mol/l. Cho 43 gam hn
hp BaCl2 v CaCl2 vo dung dch . Sau khi cc phn ng kt thc ta thu c 39,7 gam kt ta
A v dung dch B. Phn trm khi lng cc cht trong A l :
A. %m BaCO3 = 50%, %m CaCO3 = 50%. B. %m BaCO3 = 50,38%, %m CaCO3 = 49,62%.
C. %m BaCO3 = 49,62%, %m CaCO3 = 50,38%. D. %m BaCO3 = 50,38%, %m CaCO3 =49,62%.
Hng dn gii
Trong dung dch :
Na2CO3 2Na+ + CO32
(NH4)2CO3 2NH4+ + CO32
BaCl2 Ba2+ + 2Cl
CaCl2 Ca2+ + 2Cl

Cc phng trnh phn ng :
Ba2+ + CO32 BaCO3 (1)
Ca2+ + CO32 CaCO3 (2)
Theo (1) v (2) c 1 mol BaCl2, hoc CaCl2 bin thnh BaCO3 hoc CaCO3 th khi lng
mui gim (71 60) = 11 gam. Do tng s mol hai mui BaCO3 v CaCO3 bng :
43 39,7
= 0,3 mol.
11
M tng s mol CO32 = 0,1 + 0,25 = 0,35, iu chng t d CO32.
Gi x, y l s mol BaCO3 v CaCO3 trong A ta c :
x + y = 0,3

197x + 100y = 39,7
x = 0,1 mol v y = 0,2 mol.
Thnh phn ca A :
0,1.197
%m BaCO3 = .100 = 49,62% ; %m CaCO3 = 100 49,6 = 50,38%.
39, 7
p n C.
V d 4: Cho dung dch X gm 0,007 mol Na+ , x mol Ca2+, 0,006 mol Cl-, 0,006 mol HCO3 v
0,001 mol NO3 . loi b ht Ca2+ trong X cn va dung dch cha a gam Ca(OH)2. Gi tr
ca a l :
Hng dn gii
p dng bo ton in tch cho dung dch X ta c :
0,007 + 2x = 0,006 + 0,006 + 0,001 x= 0,003
loi b ht 0,003 mol Ca2+ th cn phi to ra 0,003 mol CO32-
Phng trnh phn ng :
Ca(OH)2 + 2 HCO3 CaCO3 + CO3 2 + H2O
mol: 0,003 0,006 0,003
2+ 2
Ca + CO3 CaCO3
mol: 0,003 0,003 0,003
Theo phn ng ta suy ra : n Ca (OH)2 = 0,003 mol m = 0,003.74 = 0,222 gam.
p n D.

V d 5: Dung dch X cha cc ion: Ca2+, Na+, HCO3 v Cl , trong s mol ca ion Cl l 0,1.
1 1
Cho dung dch X phn ng vi dung dch NaOH (d), thu c 2 gam kt ta. Cho dung dch
2 2
X cn li phn ng vi dung dch Ca(OH)2 (d), thu c 3 gam kt ta. Mt khc, nu un si n
cn dung dch X th thu c m gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m l :
A. 9,21 . B. 9,26. C. 8,79. D. 7.47.
Hng dn gii
Trng hp cho Ca(OH)2 vo dung dch X thu c lng kt ta nhiu hn so vi trng hp
cho NaOH vo dung dch X, chng t rng trong dung dch X lng Ca2+ t hn lng HCO3-.
Phng trnh phn ng :
NaOH + Ca2+ + HCO3 CaCO3 +Na+ + H2O (1)
mol: 0,02 0,02
2+
Ca(OH)2 + Ca + 2 HCO 2CaCO3 + 2H2O (1)
3
mol: 0,03 0,03

T (1) n Ca 2+ = n CaCO3 = 0,02 mol v t (2) n HCO = n CaCO3 = 0,03 mol.
3
1
p dng nh lut bo ton in tch cho dung dch X, ta c :
2
n Na + + 2.n Ca 2+ = n HCO + n Cl n Na + = n HCO + n Cl 2.n Ca 2+ = 0,03 + 0,05 0,02.2 = 0,04 mol
3 3
Khi c cn dung dch, xy ra phn ng :

Ca2+ + 2HCO3- CaCO3 + H2O + CO2
mol: 0,015 0,03 0,015
Nh vy sau phn ng HCO3- chuyn ht thnh CO32-
n CO2 = 0,015 m = 2.(0,02.40 + 0,04.23 + 0,015.60 + 0,05.35,5) = 8,79 gam.
3
p n C.
2. Phn ng ca dung dch Ca(OH)2, Ba(OH)2 vi CO2
Dng 1 : CO2 (hoc SO2) phn ng vi dung dch cha mt baz tan.
Phng php gii
nOH
Khi bi yu cu xc nh v tnh ton lng sn phm to thnh th ta da vo t l .
nCO2
Khi bi yu cu tnh lng CO2 phn ng th ta tnh mol ca Ca(OH)2 hoc Ba(OH)2 v
tnh mol ca kt ta BaCO3 hoc CaCO3. So snh s mol ca baz v ca kt ta nu s mol ca
kt ta nh hn th s c hai kh nng xy ra : Hoc baz d hoc baz ht. Trng hp baz ht
th phn ng phi to ra c mui axit.
Khi yu cu xc nh lng Ca(OH)2 hoc Ba(OH)2 tham gia phn ng th ta tnh mol CO2
v mol ca kt ta BaCO3 hoc CaCO3 ri p dng nh lut bo ton nguyn t i vi C xem
phn ng c to ra mui Ca(HCO3)2 hoc Ba(HCO3)2 hay khng. T p dng nh lut bo ton
nguyn t i vi Ca hoc Ba suy ra lng Ca(OH)2 hoc Ba(OH)2.
Cc v d minh ha

V d 1: Cho 10 lt hn hp kh (ktc) gm CO2 v 68,64% CO v th tch i qua 100 gam dung

dch Ca(OH)2 7,4% thy tch ra m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l :
Hng dn gii
Theo gi thit ta thy thnh phn phn trm v th tch ca CO2 l :
10
%CO2 = (100 68,64)% = 31,36% n CO = .31,36% = 0,14 mol.
2
22, 4
7, 4
m Ca(OH) = 100.7, 4% = 7, 4 gam n Ca(OH) = = 0,1 mol.
2 2
74
nOH
Cch 1 : Da vo t l mol xc nh sn phm sinh ra
nCO2
n OH 2n Ca(OH)2 2.0,1 2
t T = = = = 1 < T < 2 Phn ng to ra hai mui.
nCO2 n CO2 0,14 1,4
Phng trnh phn ng :
CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O (1)
mol: x x x
2CO2 + Ca(OH)2 Ca(HCO3)2 (2)
mol: 2y y y
x + y = 0,1 x = 0,06

x + 2y = 0,14 y = 0,04
Khi lng kt ta l : m CaCO = 0, 06.100 = 6 gam.
3
Cch 2 : Da vo bn cht phn ng

CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O (1)
mol: 0,1 0,1 0,1
CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O Ca(HCO3)2 (2)
mol: 0,04 (0,14 0,1) 0,04
Theo cc phng trnh phn ng ta thy : Lc u c 0,1 mol CaCO3 to ra nhng sau c
0,04 mol CaCO3 b ha tan do CO2 cn d. Kt qu l sau tt c cc phn ng s thu c 0,06
mol CaCO3, tc l thu c 6 gam kt ta.
p n C.
V d 2: Cho V lt kh CO2 (ktc) 1 lt dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,2M. Sau phn ng thu c 19,7 gam
kt ta. Gi tr ca V l :
A. 2,24. B. 2,24 hoc 6,72. C. 4,48. D. 2,24 hoc 4,48.
Hng dn gii
Theo gi thit ta c :
n Ba(OH) = 0,2 mol, n BaCO = 0,1 mol Cn 0,1 mol Ba2+ nm trong dung dch.
2 3
Trng hp 1 : Ba(OH)2 d
CO2 + Ba(OH)2 BaCO3 + H2O (1)
mol: 0,1 0,1 0,1
Theo (1) ta thy s mol CO2 dng l 0,1 mol. Suy ra th tch CO2 iu kin tiu chun
dng l 2,24 lt.
Trng hp 2 : Ba(OH)2 phn ng ht, 0,1 mol Ba2+ nm trong dung dch dng Ba(HCO3)2.
mol: 0,1 0,1 0,1
2CO2 + Ba(OH)2 Ba(HCO3)2 (2)
mol: 0,2 0,1 0,1
Ta thy s mol CO2 l 0,3 mol. Suy ra th tch CO2 iu kin tiu chun dng l 6,72 lt.
p n B.
V d 3: Thi kh CO2 vo dung dch cha 0,02 mol Ba(OH)2. Gi tr khi lng kt ta bin thin
trong khong no khi CO2 bin thin trong khong t 0,005 mol n 0,024 mol ?
A. 0 gam n 3,94 gam. B. 0 gam n 0,985 gam.
C. 0,985 gam n 3,94 gam. D. 0,985 gam n 3,152 gam.
Hng dn gii
Khi s mol CO2 bin thin trong khong (0,005; 0,024) v mol Ba(OH)2 l 0,02 mol th lng
kt ta ln nht thu c l khi n CO = n Ba(OH) = 0, 02 mol .
2 2

mol: 0,02 0,02 0,02
Theo (1) suy ra m BaCO max
= 0, 02.197 = 3,94 gam.
3
Khi s mol CO2 l 0,005 mol th n BaCO3 = n CO2 = 0, 005 mol m BaCO3 = 0,985 gam.
Khi s mol CO2 l 0,024 mol th :
mol: 0,02 0,02 0,02
BaCO3 + CO2 + H2O Ba(HCO3)2 (3)
mol: 0,004 0,004 0,004
Khi n BaCO3 = 0, 02 0, 004 = 0, 016 mol m BaCO3 = 0, 016.197 = 3,152 gam.
Vy khi lng kt ta bin i trong on t 0,985 gam n 3,94 gam.
p n C.
V d 4: Hp th hon ton 2,688 lt kh CO2 (ktc) vo 2,5 lt dung dch Ba(OH)2 nng a mol/l,
thu c 15,76 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca a l :
A. 0,048. B. 0,032. C. 0,04. D. 0,06.
Hng dn gii
Theo gi thit ta c :
n CO = 0,12 mol, n BaCO = 0, 08 mol C 0,08 mol CO2 chuyn vo mui BaCO3 cn 0,04
2 3
mol CO2 chuyn vo mui Ba(HCO3)2.

Phng trnh phn ng :
mol: 0,08 0,08 0,08
2CO2 + Ba(OH)2 Ba(HCO3)2 (2)
mol: 0,04 0,02 0,02


0,1
n Ba (OH)2 = 0, 08 + 0, 02 = 0,1 mol [Ba(OH) 2 ]= = 0, 04M.
2,5
p n C.
Dng 2 : Phn ng ca CO2 (hoc SO2) vi dung dch cha hn hp cc baz tan.
Phng php gii
- Bn cht phn ng :
CO2 + 2OH CO32 + H 2O
CO2 + CO32 + H 2O 2 HCO3
- Nu dung dch kim c Ba(OH)2 hoc Ca(OH)2 th cn c th c phn ng to kt ta nu
phn ng ca CO2 vi OH to ra CO32
Ba 2+ + CO32 BaCO3
Ca 2+ + CO32 CaCO3
- Da vo gi thit v cc phng trnh phn ng ion rt gn tnh ton suy ra kt qu cn
tm.
Cc v d minh ha
V d 1: Cho 0,448 lt kh CO2 (ktc) hp th ht vo 100 ml dung dch cha hn hp NaOH 0,06M
v Ba(OH)2 0,12M, thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l :
A. 3,940. B. 1,182. C. 2,364. D. 1,970.
Hng dn gii
Theo gi thit ta c : n CO2 = 0,02 mol ; nNaOH = 0,006 mol ; n Ba (OH)2 = 0,012 mol
n Ba 2+ = 0,012 mol ; n OH
= 0,03 mol.
Phng trnh phn ng :
CO2 + 2OH CO32 + H 2O
mol : 0, 015 0, 03 0, 015
CO 2 + CO32 + H 2O 2HCO3
mol : 0, 005 0, 005
Nh vy n CO 2 = 0, 015 0, 005 = 0, 01 mol < n Ba 2+ = 0, 012 mol nn lng kt ta tnh theo
3
2-
CO3 .
Ba 2+ + CO32 BaCO3
mol : 0, 01 0, 01 0, 01
n BaCO3 = n CO2 = 0,01 m BaCO3 = 0,01.197 = 1,97 gam.
3
p n D.
V d 2: Dung dch X cha hn hp cc cht KOH 0,05M, NaOH 0,05M v Ba(OH)2 0,15M. Sc
7,84 lt kh CO2 (ktc) vo 1 lt dung dch X th lng kt ta thu c l :
A. 19,7 gam. B. 9,85 gam. C. 29,55 gam. D. 10 gam.
Hng dn gii
Theo gi thit ta c : n CO2 = 0,35 mol ; nNaOH = 0,05 mol ; nKOH = 0,05 mol; n Ba (OH)2 = 0,15 mol
n Ba 2+ = 0,15 mol ; n OH
= 0,4 mol.
Phng trnh phn ng:
CO 2 + 2OH CO32 + H 2 O
mol : 0, 2 0, 4 0, 2
CO 2 + CO32 + H 2O 2HCO3
mol : 0,15 0,15
Nh vy n CO 2 = 0, 2 0,15 = 0, 05 mol < n Ba 2+ = 0,1 mol nn lng kt ta tnh theo CO32-.
3
2+
Ba + CO32 BaCO3
mol : 0, 05 0, 05 0, 05
m BaCO3 = 0,05.197 = 9,85 gam.
p n B.
Lu : Ngoi cch vit phng trnh theo ng bn cht ca phn ng gia CO2 v dung
n
dch kim tnh lng CO32- to ra nh v d 1 v 2, ta cn c th da vo t l OH tnh
nCO2
lng CO32- nh v d 3 di y.
V d 3: Hp th hon ton 0,672 lt kh CO2 (ktc) vo 1 lt dung dch gm NaOH 0,025M v
Ca(OH)2 0,0125M, thu c x gam kt ta. Gi tr ca x l :
A. 2,00. B. 0,75. C. 1,00. D. 1,25.
Hng dn gii
Theo gi thit ta c :
n CO2 = 0, 03 mol, n OH = 0, 05 mol, n Ca 2+ = 0, 0125 mol.
n OH 0, 05 5
Nhn xt : T = = = 1 < T < 2 Phn ng to ra mui CO32- v HCO3-.
n CO2 0,03 3
Phng trnh phn ng :
CO2 + 2OH- CO32- + H2O (1)
mol: x 2x x
CO2 + OH HCO3-
-
(2)
mol: y y y
x + y = 0, 03 x = 0, 02
T (1), (2) v gi thit ta c :
2x + y = 0, 05 y = 0, 01
So snh s mol ta thy n CO 2 > n Ca 2+ Lng kt ta sinh ra tnh theo ion Ca2+.
3
2+
Ca + CO32-
CaCO3 (3)
mol: 0,0125 0,0125 0,0125
Vy m CaCO3 = 0,0125.100 = 1,25 gam.
p n D.
nOH
T v d ny ta thy nu T = va 1 < T < 2 th ta suy ra nCO 2 = nOH nCO 2 .
nCO 2 3

V d 4: t chy hon ton m gam FeS2 bng mt lng O2 va , thu c kh X. Hp th ht X

vo 1 lt dung dch Y cha Ba(OH)2 0,15M v KOH 0,1M, thu c dung dch Z v 21,7 gam kt
ta. Cho dung dch NaOH vo Z thy xut hin thm kt ta. Gi tr ca m l :
A. 23,2. B. 12,6 . C. 18,0. D. 24,0.
Hng dn gii
t chy FeS2 trong O2 va thu c kh X l SO2.
o
t
4FeS2 + 11O2 2Fe2O3 + 8SO2
Theo gi thit ta c : n SO 2 = n BaSO3 = 0,1 mol, n OH = 0,4 mol, n Ba 2+ = 0,15 mol.
3
Cho dung dch NaOH vo Z thy xut hin thm kt ta suy ra trong Z c HSO 3 , do OH-
trong Y phn ng ht vi kh SO2.
Phng trnh phn ng :
SO2 + 2OH SO32 (1)
mol: 0,1 0,2 0,1
SO2 + OH HSO3 (2)
mol: 0,2 (0,4 0,2) 0,2
1
Theo cc phn ng ta c : n FeS2 = . n SO 2 = 0,15 m = 120.0,15 = 18 gam.
2
p n C.
V d 5: Sc CO2 vo 200 ml hn hp dung dch gm KOH 1M v Ba(OH)2 0,75M. Sau khi kh b
hp th hon ton thy to 23,64 gam kt ta. Th tch kh CO2 dng (ktc) l :
A. 8,512 lt. B. 2,688 lt. C. 2,24 lt. D. C A v B ng.
Hng dn gii
Theo gi thit ta c :
n Ba 2+ = 0,15 mol, n OH = n KOH + 2n Ba (OH)2 = 0,5 mol, n BaCO3 = 0,12 mol.
V s mol Ba2+ ln hn s mol BaCO3 nn Ba2+ cn d. Nh vy phn ng ca CO2 vi dung
dch kim to ra 0,12 mol CO32-.
Xt cc kh nng xy ra :
Trng hp OH d :
CO2 + 2OH CO32- + H2O (1)
mol: 0,12 0,24 0,12
Theo (1) suy ra : n CO2 = 0,12 mol VCO2 = 0,12.22, 4 = 2, 688 lt.
Trng hp OH phn ng ht th phn ng to ra c mui axit :
CO2 + 2OH CO32- + H2O (1)
mol: 0,12 0,24 0,12
CO2 + OH HCO3- (2)
mol: 0,26 (0,5 0,24) = 0,26
Theo (1) v (2) suy ra : n CO2 = 0, 38 mol VCO2 = 0, 38.22, 4 = 8,512 lt.
p n D.

V d 6: Sc V lt CO2 (ktc) vo 200 ml dung dch hn hp KOH 0,5M v Ba(OH)2 0,375M. Xc

nh gi tr ca V l thu c lng kt ta ln nht ?
A. 1,68 lt VCO < 3,92 lt. B. 1,68 lt hoc 3,92 lt.
2
C. 1,68 lt < VCO 3,92 lt. D. 1,68 lt VCO 3,92 lt.

2 2
Hng dn gii
Theo gi thit ta c :
n KOH = 0,2.0,5 = 0,1 mol, n Ba(OH) = 0,375.0,2 = 0, 075 mol
2
n OH = n KOH + 2.n Ba(OH) = 0,25 mol, n Ba2+ = 0, 075 mol.

2
lng kt ta thu c ln nht th lng CO32- to thnh trong dung dch phi bng lng
Ba2+ hoc ln hn.
Ba2+ + CO32- BaCO3 (1)
mol: 0,075 0,075 0,075
Lng CO2 cn dng nh nht khi phn ng ch to ra mui trung ha :
CO2 + 2OH- CO32- + H2O (2)
mol: 0,075 0,15 0,075
Theo (2) ta thy n CO = 0, 075 mol VCO = 0, 075.22, 4 = 1,68 lt.
2 2
Lng CO2 cn dng ln nht khi phn ng to ra c mui trung ha v mui axit :
CO2 + 2OH- CO32- + H2O (2)
mol: 0,075 0,15 0,075
CO2 + OH- HCO3- (3)
mol: 0,1 (025 0,15) = 0,1
Theo (2), (3) ta thy n CO = 0,175 mol VCO = 0,175.22, 4 = 3,92 lt.
2 2
Vy thu c lng kt ta ln nht th : 1,68 lt VCO 3,92 lt.

2
p n D.
3. Mui cacbonat ca kim loi kim th phn ng vi dung dch axit
V d 1: Ho tan hon ton 23,8 gam hn hp mt mui cacbonat ca cc kim loi ho tr (I) v
mui cacbonat ca kim loi ho tr (II) trong dung dch HCl. Sau phn ng thu c 4,48 lt kh
(ktc). em c cn dung dch thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan ?
Hng dn gii
Cch 1 : p dng phng php bo ton khi lng
t cng thc ca hai mui cacbonat ca hai kim loi ha tr I v II l M2CO3 v RCO3.
Phng trnh phn ng :
M2CO3 + 2HCl 2MCl + CO2 + H2O (1)
RCO3 + 2HCl RCl2 + CO2 + H2O (2)
4, 48
Theo (1), (2) v gi thit ta c : n H 2O = n CO2 = = 0, 2 mol, n HCl = 2n CO2 = 0, 4 mol.
22, 4
23,8 + 0,4.36,5 = mmui clorua + 0,2.44 + 0,2.18

mmui clorua = 26 gam.

Cch 2 : p dng phng php tng gim khi lng
Phng trnh phn ng :
M2CO3 + 2HCl 2MCl + CO2 + H2O (1)
RCO3 + 2HCl RCl2 + CO2 + H2O (2)
Cn c vo cc phn ng ta thy : C 1 mol mui cacbonat to thnh mui clorua th khi lng
mui khan tng l : (71 60) = 11 gam, m nmui cacbonat = n CO2 = 0,2 mol.
Suy ra khi lng mui khan tng sau phn ng l : 0,2.11 = 2,2 gam.
Vy tng khi lng mui clorua khan thu c l : 23,8 + 2,2 = 26 gam.
p n C.
V d 2: Ho tan hon ton 4 gam hn hp MCO3 v MCO3 vo dung dch HCl thy thot ra V lt
kh (ktc). Dung dch thu c em c cn thu c 5,1 gam mui khan. Gi tr ca V l :
A. 1,12 lt. B. 1,68 lt. C. 2,24 lt. D. 3,36 lt.
Hng dn gii
Cch 1 : p dng phng php bo ton khi lng
t cng thc trung bnh ca hai mui cacbonat l MCO3 .
Phng trnh phn ng :
MCO3 + 2HCl MCl 2 + CO 2 + H 2O (1)
mol: x 2x x x x
Gi s mol ca hai mui cacbonat l x mol.
Cn c vo (1) v p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng ta c :
4 + 2x.36,5 = 5,1 + 44x + 18x x = 0,1 VCO2 = 0,1.22,4 = 2,24 lt.
Cch 2 : p dng phng php tng gim khi lng
t cng thc trung bnh ca hai mui cacbonat l MCO3 .
Phng trnh phn ng :
MCO3 + 2HCl MCl 2 + CO 2 + H 2O (1)
mol: x x x
Theo (1) ta thy sau phn ng khi lng mui tng l do mui clorua sinh ra c khi lng ln
hn khi lng mui cacbonat ban u. Ta c :
(M + 71)x (M + 60)x = 5,1 4 x = 0,1 VCO2 = 0,1.22,4 = 2,24 lt.
p n C.

V d 3: Ha tan hon ton 2,84 gam hn hp hai mui cacbonat ca hai kim loi phn nhm IIA
v thuc hai chu k lin tip trong bng tun hon bng dung dch HCl ta thu c dung dch X v
672 ml CO2 (ktc).
1. Tn 2 kim loi l :
A. Be, Mg. B. Mg, Ca. C. Ca, Ba. D. Ca, Sr.
2. C cn dung dch X th thu c khi lng mui khan l :
Hng dn gii
1. Gi A, B l cc kim loi cn tm
Phng trnh phn ng :
ACO3 + 2HCl ACl2 + H2O + CO2 (1)
BCO3 + 2HCl BCl2 + H2O + CO2 (2)
Theo cc phn ng (1), (2) tng s mol cc mui cacbonat bng :
0,672
n CO2 = = 0,03 mol.
22,4
Vy khi lng mol trung bnh ca cc mui cacbonat l :
2,84
M= = 94, 67 (g/mol) v M A,B = 94,67 60 = 34,67
0, 03
V thuc 2 chu k lin tip nn hai kim loi l Mg (M = 24) v Ca (M = 40).
p n B.
2. Khi lng mol trung bnh ca cc mui clorua l :
M mui clorua = 34, 67 + 71 = 105, 67 .
Khi lng mui clorua khan l 105,67.0,03 = 3,17 gam.
p n C.
V d 4: Ha tan 14,52 gam hn hp X gm NaHCO3, KHCO3, MgCO3 bng dung dch HCl d,
A. 8,94. B. 16,17. C. 7,92. D. 11,79.
Hng dn gii
Quy i hn hp X thnh hn hp NaHCO3 v KHCO3 (v KLPT ca MgCO3 v NaHCO3 bng
nhau).
NaHCO3 + HCl NaCl + H2O + CO2 (1)
mol: x x x
KHCO3 + HCl KCl + H2O + CO2 (2)
mol: y y y
x + y = 0,15 x = 0, 03
Ta c h phng trnh :
84x + 100y = 14, 52 y = 0,12
Vy mKCl = 0,12. 74,5 = 8,94 gam.
p n A.

4. Phn ng nhit phn mui cacbonat

i vi dng bi tp ny ta thng s dng phng php tng gim khi lng.
V d 1: Nung 100 gam hn hp gm Na2CO3 v NaHCO3 cho n khi khi lng hn hp khng
i c 69 gam cht rn. Phn trm khi lng ca mi cht tng ng trong hn hp ban u l :
A. 15,4% v 84,6%. B. 22,4% v 77,6%.
C. 16% v 84%. D. 24% v 76%.
Hng dn gii
Ch c NaHCO3 b phn hy. t x l s gam NaHCO3
o
2NaHCO3 t
Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O (1)
mol : x 0,5x
Theo (1) v gi thit ta c : 84x 106.0,5x = 100 69 x = 1 m NaHCO3 = 84 gam.
Vy NaHCO3 chim 84% v Na2CO3 chim 16%.
p n C.
V d 2: X l 1 loi vi cha 80% CaCO3, phn cn li l tp cht tr. Nung 50 gam X mt thi
gian, thu c 39 gam cht rn. % CaCO3 b phn hu l :
A. 50,5%. B. 60%. C. 62,5%. D. 65%.
Hng dn gii
Gi s c 100 gam vi th khi lng ca CaCO3 l 80 gam. Do trong 50 gam X c 40
gam CaCO3.
o
t
CaCO3 CaO + CO2 (1)
mol: x x
Theo phng trnh v theo gi thit ta c :
100x 56x = 50 39 = 11 x = 0,25
0,25.100
Vy % CaCO3 b phn hy l = 62,5%.
40
p n C.

C. BI TP TRC NGHIM
Cu 1: M t no di y khng ph hp cc nguyn t nhm IIA (kim loi kim th) ?

A. Cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l ns2.
B. Tinh th c cu trc lc phng.
C. Gm cc nguyn t Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba.
D. Mc oxi ho c trng trong cc hp cht l +2.
Cu 2: A, B l hai nguyn t cng phn nhm chnh nhm II v c tng s proton l 32. A, B c
th l :
A. Be v Ca B. Mg v Ca. C. Ba v Mg. D. Ba v Ca.
Cu 3: Nhn xt no sau y khng ng ?
A. Cc kim loi kim th c tnh kh mnh.
B. Tnh kh ca cc kim loi kim th tng dn t Be n Ba.
C. Tnh kh ca cc kim loi kim th yu hn kim loi kim trong cng chu k.
D. Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba u phn ng vi nc nhit thng nn gi l kim loi kim
th.
Cu 4: Kim loi kim th c nhit nng chy, nhit si, khi lng ring bin i khng
theo mt quy lut nht nh nh kim loi kim l do
A. kiu mng tinh th khc nhau. B. bn knh nguyn t khc nhau.
C. lc lin kt kim loi yu. D. bn knh ion kh ln.
Cu 5: Cu no sau y din t ng tnh cht ca cc kim loi kim th ?
A. Tnh kh ca kim loi tng theo chiu tng ca nng lng ion ho.
B. Tnh kh ca kim loi tng theo chiu gim ca nng lng ion ho.
C. Tnh kh ca kim loi tng theo chiu tng ca th in cc chun.
D. Tnh kh ca kim loi tng theo chiu tng ca m in.
Cu 6: Nhn nh ng khi ni v nhm kim loi kim th v cc nhm kim loi thuc nhm A ni
chung l :
A. Tnh kh ca kim loi tng khi bn knh nguyn t tng.
B. Tnh kh ca kim loi tng khi bn knh nguyn t gim.
C. Tnh kh ca kim loi gim khi bn knh nguyn t tng.
D. Tnh kh ca kim loi khng ph thuc vo bn knh ngyn t ca kim loi.
Cu 7: Cc kim loi kim th
A. u tan trong nc. B. u c tnh kh mnh.
C. u tc dng vi baz. D. c cng kiu mng tinh th.
Cu 8: Chn cu pht biu ng :
A. Mg khng phn ng vi nc iu kin thng.
B. Mg phn ng vi N2 khi c un nng.
C. Mg chy trong kh CO2 nhit cao.
D. Cc cu trn u ng.
o
t
Cu 9: Cho phn ng ho hp : nMgO + mP2O5 X. Trong X th Mg chim 21,6% khi
lng, cng thc phn t trng vi cng thc n gin nht. Cng thc phn t ca X l :
A. Mg3(PO4)2. B. Mg3(PO4)3. C. Mg2P4O7. D. Mg2P2O7.

Cu 10: Khi cho kim loi Ca vo cc cht di y, trng hp no khng c phn ng ca Ca vi

nc ?
A. Dung dch CuSO4 va . B. Dung dch HCl va .
C. Dung dch NaOH va . D. H2O.
Cu 11: iu no sau y khng ng vi canxi ?
A. Nguyn t Ca b oxi ha khi Ca tc dng vi H2O.
B. Ion Ca2+ b kh khi in phn CaCl2 nng chy.
C. Nguyn t Ca b kh khi Ca tc dng vi H2.
D. Ion Ca2+ khng b oxi ha hay b kh khi Ca(OH)2 tc dng vi HCl.
Cu 12: Cho Ca vo dung dch Na2CO3 s xy ra hin tng g ?
A. Ca kh Na+ thnh Na, dung dch xut hin kt ta trng CaCO3.
B. Ca tc dng vi nc, ng thi dung dch c do Ca(OH)2 t tan.
C. Ca tan trong nc si bt kh H2, dung dch xut hin kt ta trng CaCO3.
D. Ca kh Na+ thnh Na, Na tc dng vi nc to H2 bay hi, dung dch xut hin kt ta
trng.
Cu 13: Cho Bari vo nc c dung dch A. Cho lng d dung dch Na2CO3 v dung dch A
ri dn tip lung kh CO2 vo n d. Hin tng no ng trong s cc hin tng sau ?
A. Si bt kh, xut hin kt ta trng ri tan.
B. Bari tan, xut hin kt ta trng, ri tan.
C. Bari tan, si bt kh hiro, ng thi xut hin kt ta trng.
D. Bari tan, si bt kh hiro, xut hin kt ta trng, ri tan.
Cu 14: iu kin thng, nhng kim loi phn ng c vi nc l :
A. Mg, Sr, Ba. B. Sr, Ca, Ba. C. Ba, Mg, Ca. D. Ca, Be, Sr.
Cu 15: Kim loi kim th c iu ch bng phng php in phn
A. nng chy M(OH)2. B. dung dch MCl2.
C. nng chy MO. D. nng chy MCl2.
Cu 16: M t ng dng ca Mg no di y khng ng ?
A. Dng ch to hp kim nh cho cng nghip sn xut t, my bay.
B. Dng ch to dy dn in.
C. Dng trong cc qu trnh tng hp hu c.
D. Dng to cht chiu sng.
Cu 17: Cho cc cht sau y : Cl2, Na2CO3, CO2, HCl, NaHCO3, H2SO4 long, NaCl, Ba(HCO3)2,
NaHSO4, NH4Cl, MgCO3, SO2. Dung dch Ca(OH)2 tc dng c vi bao nhiu cht ?
A. 11. B. 12. C. 10. D. 9.
Cu 18: iu no sai khi ni v CaCO3
A. L cht rn, mu trng, khng tan trong nc.
B. Khng b nhit phn hy.
C. B nhit phn hy to ra CaO v CO2.
D. Tan trong nc c cha kh cacbonic.

Cu 19: Vi sng khi sn xut phi c bo qun trong bao kn. Nu khng lu ngy vi s
ha . Phn ng no sau y gii thch hin tng vi sng ha ?
A. Ca(OH)2 + CO2 CaCO3 + H2O.
B. Ca(OH)2 + Na2CO3 CaCO3 + 2NaOH.
C. CaO + CO2 CaCO3.
D. Tt c cc phn ng trn.
Cu 20: Phn ng gii thch s xm thc ca nc ma vi vi v s to thnh thch nh trong
cc hang ng l :
A. Do phn ng ca CO2 trong khng kh vi CaO thnh CaCO3.
B. Do CaO tc dng vi SO2 v O2 to thnh CaSO4.
C. Do s phn hu Ca(HCO3)2 CaCO3 + H2O + CO2 .
D. Do qu trnh: CaCO3 + H2O + CO2 Ca(HCO3)2 xy ra trong 1 thi gian rt lu.
Cu 21: C nm dung dch ng ring bit trong nm ng nghim : (NH4)2SO4, FeCl2, Cr(NO3)3,
K2CO3, Al(NO3)3. Cho dung dch Ba(OH)2 n d vo nm dung dch trn. Sau khi phn ng kt
thc, s ng nghim c kt ta l :
A. 3. B. 5. C. 2. D. 4.
Cu 22: Hin tng xy ra khi sc t t n d kh CO2 vo dung dch hn hp NaOH v Ba(OH)2
l:
A. Dung dch vn c, c tng dn n cc i v khng i mt thi gian sau gim
dn n trong sut.
B. Ban u khng c hin tng g n mt lc no dung dch vn c, c tng dn
n cc i sau gim dn n trong sut.
C. Ban u khng c hin tng g sau xut hin kt ta v tan ngay.
D. Dung dch vn c, c tng dn n cc i sau gim dn n trong sut.
Cu 23: Trong cc dung dch : HNO3, NaCl, Na2SO4, Ca(OH)2, KHSO4, Mg(NO3)2. Dy gm cc
cht u tc dng c vi dung dch Ba(HCO3)2 l :
A. HNO3, NaCl, Na2SO4. B. HNO3, Ca(OH)2, KHSO4, Na2SO4.
C. NaCl, Na2SO4, Ca(OH)2. D. HNO3, Ca(OH)2, KHSO4, Mg(NO3)2.
Cu 24: Cho dy cc cht: KOH, Ca(NO3)2, SO2, SO3, NaHSO4, Na2SO3, K2SO4. S cht trong dy
to thnh kt ta khi phn ng vi dung dch BaCl2 l :
A. 4. B. 6. C. 3. D. 2.
Cu 25: Nu quy nh rng hai ion gy ra phn ng trao i hay trung ha l mt cp ion i khng
th tp hp cc ion no sau y c cha ion i khng vi ion OH- ?
A. Ca2+, K+, SO42-, Cl-. B. Ca2+, Ba2+, Cl-.
C. HCO3-, HSO3-, Ca2+, Ba2+. D. Ba2+, Na+, NO3-.
Cu 26: Cho dung dch cha cc ion sau (Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Ba2+, H+, Cl-). Mun tch c nhiu
cation ra khi dung dch m khng a ion l vo dung dch, ta c th cho dung dch tc dng vi
cht no trong cc cht sau ?
A. Dung dch K2CO3 va . B. Dung dch Na2SO4 va .
C. Dung ch NaOH va . D. Dung dch Na2CO3 va .
Cu 27: C 4 dung dch trong sut, mi dung dch ch cha mt loi cation v mt loi anion. Cc
loi ion trong c 4 dung dch gm Ba2+, Mg2+, Pb2+, Na+, SO4 2-, Cl-, CO32-, NO3-. l 4 dung dch
no ?
A. BaCl2, MgSO4, Na2CO3, Pb(NO3)2. B. BaCO3, MgSO4, NaCl, Pb(NO3)2.
C. BaCl2, PbSO4, MgCl2, Na2CO3. D. Mg(NO3)2, BaCl2, Na2CO3, PbSO4.
Cu 28: Cho bn hn hp, mi hn hp gm hai cht rn c s mol bng nhau: Na2O v Al2O3 ; Cu
v Fe2O3 ; BaCl2 v CuSO4 ; Ba v NaHCO3. S hn hp c th tan hon ton trong nc (d) ch
to ra dung dch l :
A. 1. B. 2. C. 4. D. 3.
Cu 29: nhn bit c cc cht bt rn khan sau: NaCl, Na2CO3, Na2SO4, BaCO3, BaSO4.
ng trong cc l ring bit th ho cht c s dng l :
A. H2O, CO2. B. Dung dch H2SO4.
C. Dung dnh Ba(OH)2. D. Dung dch NH4HCO3.
Cu 30: Ch dng 2 cht no sau y nhn bit 4 cht rn Na2CO3, CaSO4, CaCO3, Na2SO4,
ng trong 4 l ng ring bit
A. Nc v dung dch AgNO3. B. Dung dch H2SO4 v dung dch NaOH.
C. Dung dch H2O v qu tm. D. Nc v dung dch HCl.
Cu 31: Cho bit phn ng no khng xy ra nhit thng ?
A. Mg(HCO3)2 + 2Ca(OH)2 Mg(OH)2 + 2CaCO3 + 2H2O.
B. Ca(OH)2 + NaHCO3 CaCO3 + NaOH + H2O.
C. Ca(OH)2 + 2NH4Cl CaCl2 + 2H2O + 2NH3.
D. CaCl2 + NaHCO3 CaCO3 + NaCl + HCl.
Cu 32: Phng trnh ha hc no di y khng ng ?
A. Mg(OH)2 MgO + H2O. B. CaCO3 CaO + CO2.
C. BaSO4 Ba + SO2 + O2. D. 2Mg(NO3)2 2MgO + 4NO2 + O2.
Cu 33: Phn ng no sau y khng to ra hai mui ?
A. Fe3O4 + HCl d. B. Ca(HCO3)2 + NaOH d.
C. CO2 + NaOH d. D. NO2 + NaOH d.
Cu 34: Nung nng hon ton hn hp CaCO3, Ba(HCO3)2, MgCO3, Mg(HCO3)2 n khi lng
khng i, thu c sn phm cht rn gm
A. CaCO3, BaCO3, MgCO3. B. CaO, BaCO3, MgO, MgCO3.
C. Ca, BaO, Mg, MgO. D. CaO, BaO, MgO.
Cu 35: Cho cc cht : Ca, Ca(OH)2, CaCO3, CaO. Da vo mi quan h gia cc hp cht v c,
hy chn dy bin i c th thc hin c :
A. Ca CaCO3 Ca(OH)2 CaO. B. Ca CaO Ca(OH)2 CaCO3.
C. CaCO3 Ca CaO CaCO3. D. CaCO3 Ca(OH)2 Ca CaO.
Cu 36: Cho s bin ho : Ca X Y Z T Ca
Th t ng ca cc cht X, Y, Z, T l :
A. CaO; Ca(OH)2 ; Ca(HCO3)2 ; CaCO3. B. CaO ; CaCO3 ; Ca(HCO3)2 ; CaCl2.
C. CaO ; CaCO3 ; CaCl2 ; Ca(HCO3)2. D. CaCl2 ; CaCO3 ; CaO ; Ca(HCO3)2.
Cu 37: Cho chui phn ng : D E F G Ca(HCO3)2
D, E, F, G ln lt l :
A. Ca, CaO, Ca(OH)2, CaCO3. B. Ca, CaCl2, CaCO3, Ca(OH)2.
C. CaCO3, CaCl2, Ca(OH)2, Ca. D. CaCl2, Ca, CaCO3, Ca(OH)2.

Cu 38: T hai mui X v Y thc hin cc phn ng sau :

(1) X X1 + CO2 (2) X1 + H2O X2
(3) X2 + Y X + Y1 +H2O (4) X2 + 2Y X + Y2 + H2O
Hai mui X, Y tng ng l :
A. CaCO3, NaHSO4. B. BaCO3, Na2CO3.
C. CaCO3, NaHCO3. D. MgCO3, NaHCO3.
Cu 39: Cho s phn ng sau :
Y Bit rng X l cht kh dng np cho cc bnh cu ha, Y l
khong sn dng sn xut vi sng. Vy Y, X, Z, T ln lt
l :
X
to
Z T
A. CO2, CaC2, Na2CO3, NaHCO3. B. CO2, CaO, NaHCO3, Na2CO3.
C. CaCO3, CO2, Na2CO3, NaHCO3. D. CaCO3, CO2, NaHCO3, Na2CO3.
Cu 40: Cht no sau y c s dng c tng, lm phn, b bt khi xng b gy ?
A. CaSO4.2H2O. B. MgSO4.7H2O.
C. CaSO4. D. 2CaSO4.H2O hoc CaSO4.H2O.
Cu 41: Cht no sau y c s dng sn xut xi mng ?
A. CaSO4.2H2O. B. MgSO4.7H2O.
C. CaSO4. D. 2CaSO4.H2O hoc CaSO4.H2O.
Cu 42: Nc cng khng gy ra tc hi no di y ?
A. Gy ng c nc ung.
B. Lm mt tnh ty ra ca x phng, lm h hi qun o.
C. Lm hng cc dung dch cn pha ch. Lm thc phm lu chn v gim mi v thc
phm.
D. Gy hao tn nhin liu v khng an ton cho cc ni hi, lm tc cc ng ng dn
nc.
Cu 43: Cu no sau y v nc cng l khng ng ?
A. Nc cng c cha ng thi anion HCO3- v SO42- hoc Cl- l nc cng ton phn.
B. Nc c cha nhiu Ca2+ ; Mg2+.
C. Nc khng cha hoc cha rt t ion Ca2+ , Mg2+ l nc mm.
D. Nc cng c cha 1 trong 2 ion Cl- v SO42- hoc c 2 l nc cng tm thi.
Cu 44: Trong 1 cc nc cha 0,01 mol Na+ ; 0,02 mol Ca2+ ; 0,01 mol Mg2+ ; 0,05 mol HCO3- ;
0,02 mol Cl-. Hi nc trong cc thuc loi nc cng g ?
A. Nc cng tm thi. B. nc cng vnh cu.
C. nc khng cng. D. nc cng ton phn.
Cu 45: Cho cc phn ng m t cc phng php khc nhau lm mm nc cng (dng M2+
thay cho Ca2+ v Mg2+)
(1) M2+ + CO32- MCO3 (2) M2+ + 2HCO3- MCO3 + CO2 + H2O
(3) 3M2+ + 2PO43- M3(PO4)2 (4) M2+ + HCO3- + OH- MCO3 + H2O
Phng php no c th p dng vi nc c cng tm thi ?
A. (1). B. (2). C. (1) v (2). D. (1), (2), (3) v (4).
Cu 46: Cho cc cht sau : NaCl, Ca(OH)2, Na2CO3, HCl, NaHSO4. S cht c th lm mm nc
cng tm thi l :
A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4.
2+ 2+ - - 2-
Cu 47: Mt mu nc cng cha cc ion : Ca , Mg , HCO3 , Cl , SO4 . Cht c dng lm
mm mu nc cng trn l :
A. Na2CO3. B. HCl. C. H2SO4. D. NaHCO3.
Cu 48: Trong 1 cc nc cha 0,01 mol Na+ ; 0,02 mol Ca2+ ; 0,01 mol Mg2+ ; 0,05 mol HCO3- ;
0,02 mol Cl-. Hy chn cc cht c th dng lm mm nc trong cc
A. HCl, Na2CO3, Na2SO4. B. Na2CO3, Na3PO4.
C. Ca(OH)2, HCl, Na2SO4. D. Ca(OH)2, Na2CO3.
Cu 49: C cc cht sau ;(1) NaCl ; (2) Ca(OH)2 ; (3) Na2CO3 ; (4) HCl ; (5) K3PO4. Cc cht c
th lm mm nc cng tm thi l :
A. 1, 3, 5. B. 2, 3, 4. C. 2, 3, 5. D. 3, 4, 5.
Cu 50: Nguyn tc ca phng php trao i ion lm mm nc l :
A. Phn ng to kt ta loi b cc ion Mg2+ , Ca2+ trong nc.
B. Hp th cc ion Ca2+, Mg2+ trong nc v th vo l Na+
C. Hp th cc ion Ca2+, Mg2+ v to kt ta, sau chng b gi li trong ct trao i ion.
D. Tt c u sai.
Cu 51: C 4 cc mt nhn ng ring bit cc cht sau : Nc nguyn cht, nc cng tm thi,
nc cng vnh cu, nc cng ton phn. Ho cht dng nhn bit cc cc trn l :
A. NaHCO3. B. MgCO3. C. Na2CO3. D. Ca(OH)2.
Cu 52: Chia 2,290 gam hn hp Mg, Al, Zn thnh 2 phn bng nhau. Phn 1 ho tan hon ton
trong dung dch HCl va thu c 1,456 lt H2 (ktc) v to ra x gam mui. Phn 2 cho tc dng
vi O2 d, thu c y gam 3 oxit.
a. Gi tr ca x l :
A. 6,955. B. 6,905. C. 5,890. D. 5,760.
b. Gi tr ca y l :
A. 2,185. B. 3,225. C. 4,213. D. 3,33.
Cu 53: Hn hp kh A gm clo v oxi. A phn ng va ht vi mt hn hp gm 4,8 gam magie
v 8,1 gam nhm to ra 37,05 gam hn hp cc mui clorua v oxit hai kim loi. Thnh phn % th
tch ca oxi v clo trong hn hp A l :
A. 26,5% v 73,5%. B. 45% v 55%.
C. 44,44% v 55,56%. D. 25% v 75%.
Cu 54: Cho 11,2 lt hn hp kh A gm clo v oxi phn ng va ht vi 16,98 gam hn hp B
gm magie v nhm to ra 42,34 gam hn hp cc mui clorua v oxit hai kim loi. Thnh phn %
khi lng ca magie v nhm trong hn hp B l :
A. 48% v 52%. B. 77,74% v 22,26%.
C. 43,15% v 56,85%. D. 75% v 25%.
Cu 55: un nng 6,96 gam MnO2 vi dung dch HCl c, d. Kh thot ra cho tc dng ht vi
kim loi kim th M to ra 7,6 gam mui. M l :
A. Be. B. Mg. C. Ca. D. Ba.
Cu 56: t chy hon ton 7,2 gam kim loi M (c ho tr khng i trong hp cht) trong hn
hp kh Cl2 v O2. Sau phn ng thu c 23,0 gam cht rn v th tch hn hp kh phn ng l
5,6 lt ( ktc). Kim loi M l
A. Mg. B. Ca. C. Be. D. Cu.
Cu 57: Cho mt mu hp kim K - Ca tc dng vi nc (d), thu c dung dch X v 3,36 lt H2

(ktc). Th tch dung dch axit HCl 2M cn dng trung ho dung dch X l :
A. 150 ml. B. 75 ml. C. 60 ml. D. 30 ml.
Cu 58: Cho m gam hn hp Na, Ba vo nc thu c dung dich A v 6,72 lt kh (ktc). Th tch
dung dch hn hp H2SO4 0,5M v HCl 1M trung ho va dung dch A l :
A. 0,3 lt. B. 0,2 lt. C. 0,4 lt. D. 0,1 lt.
Cu 59: Hn hp X gm 2 kim loi kim v 1 kim loi kim th tan ht trong nc to ra dung
dch Y v 0,12 mol H2. Th tch dung dch H2SO4 0,5M cn trung ha dung dch Y l bao nhiu?
A. 240 ml. B. 1,20 lt. C. 120 ml. D. 60 ml.
Cu 60: Cho m gam Ca tan ht vo 500 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,04M c 500 ml dung dch c
Cu 61: Cho 0,685 gam kim loi R tan ht vo 500 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,04M c 500 ml
dung dch c pH = 13. Kim loi R l :
A. Ba. B. Ca. C. Na. D. K.
Cu 62: Cho a gam kim loi M tan ht vo H2O thu c dung dch c khi lng ln hn khi
lng H2O ban u l 0,95a gam. M l :
A. Na. B. Ba. C. Ca. D. Li.
Cu 63*: Ho tan hon ton 2,9 gam hn hp gm kim loi M v oxit ca n vo nc, thu c
500 ml dung dch cha mt cht tan c nng 0,04M v 0,224 lt kh H2 (ktc). Kim loi M l :
A. Ca. B. K. C. Na. D. Ba.
Cu 64: Cho 3,87 gam hn hp X gm Mg v Al vo 250 ml dung dch X gm HCl 1M v H2SO4
0,5M thu c dung dch B v 4,368 lt H2 (ktc). Phn trm khi lng Mg v Al trong X tng
ng l :
A. 37,21% Mg v 62,79% Al. B. 62,79% Mg v 37,21% Al.
C. 45,24% Mg v 54,76% Al. D. 54,76% Mg v 45,24% Al.
Cu 65: Ho tan ht 7,74 gam hn hp bt Mg, Al bng 500 ml dung dch hn hp HCl 1M v
H2SO4 0,28M thu c dung dch X v 8,736 lt kh H2 (ktc). C cn dung dch X thu c lng
mui khan l :
Cu 66: Ho tan ht hn hp X gm Fe v Mg bng mt lng va dung dch HCl 20%, thu
c dung dch D. Nng ca FeCl2 trong dung dch D l 15,757%.
a. Nng phn trm ca MgCl2 trong dung dch D l :
A. 11,787%. B. 84,243%. C. 88,213%. D. 15,757%.
b. Phn trm khi lng ca Fe trong hn hp X l :
A. 30%. B. 70%. C. 20%. D. 80%.
Cu 67: Ho tan hon ton mt lng kim loi R ha tr n bng dung dch H2SO4 long ri c cn
dung dch sau phn ng thu c mt lng mui khan c khi lng gp 5 ln khi lng kim loi
R ban u em ho tan. Kim loi R l
A. Al. B. Ba. C. Zn. D. Mg.
Cu 68: Cho 10 gam mt kim loi kim th tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl thot ra nhiu hn 5,6
lt kh (ktc). Kim loi kim th c k hiu ha hc l ?
A. Mg. B. Ba. C. Ca. D. Sr.

Cu 69: Ha tan mt oxit kim loi ha tr II bng mt lng va dung dch H2SO4 10% thu
c dung dch mui c nng 11,8%. Kim loi l :
A. Zn. B. Mg. C. Fe. D. Pb.
Cu 70: Ho tan mt lng oxit ca kim loi R vo trong dung dch H2SO4 4,9% (va ) th thu
c mt dung dch mui c nng 5,87%. Cng thc ca oxit kim loi l :
A. CuO. B. FeO. C. MgO. D. ZnO.
Cu 71: Mt hn hp X gm M v oxit MO ca kim loi y. X tan va trong 0,2 lt dung dch
H2SO4 0,5M cho ra 1,12 lt H2 (ktc). Bit rng khi lng M trong hn hp X bng 0,6 ln khi
lng ca MO trong hn hp y. Khi lng ca M v MO trong hn hp X l :
A. 1,2 gam Mg v 2 gam MgO. B. 1,2 gam Ca v 2 gam CaO.
C. 1,2 gam Ba v 2 gam BaO. D. 1,2 gam Cu v 2 gam CuO.
Cu 72*: Cho 24,8 gam hn hp gm kim loi kim th v oxit ca n tc dng vi dung dch HCl
d thu c 55,5 gam mui khan. Kim loi M l :
A. Ca. B. Sr. C. Ba. D. Mg.
Cu 73: Cho 1,67 gam hn hp gm hai kim loi 2 chu k lin tip thuc nhm IIA tc dng ht
vi dung dch HCl (d), thot ra 0,672 lt kh H2 (ktc). Hai kim loi l :
A. Be v Mg. B. Mg v Ca. C. Sr v Ba. D. Ca v Sr.
Cu 74: X l kim loi thuc phn nhm chnh nhm II (hay nhm IIA). Cho 1,7 gam hn hp gm
kim loi X v Zn tc dng vi lng d dung dch HCl, sinh ra 0,672 lt kh H2 (ktc). Mt khc,
khi cho 1,9 gam X tc dng vi lng d dung dch H2SO4 long, th th tch kh hiro sinh ra cha
n 1,12 lt (ktc). Kim loi X l :
A. Ba. B. Ca. C. Sr. D. Mg.
Cu 75: Ha tan 4 gam hn hp gm Fe v mt kim loi ha tr II vo dung dch HCl th thu c
2,24 lt kh H2 (ktc). Nu ch dng 2,4 gam kim loi ha tr II cho vo dung dch HCl th dng
khng ht 500 ml dung dch HCl 1M. Kim loi ha tr II l :
A. Ca. B. Mg. C. Be. D. Sr.
Cu 76: Ha tan 3,4 gam hn hp kim loi A v Zn vo dung dch HCl th thu c 1,344 lt kh
iu kin tiu chun v dung dch B. Mt khc ha tan 0,95 gam kim loi A th cn khng ht
100 ml dung dch HCl 0,5M. M thuc phn nhm chnh nhm II. Kim loi A l :
A. Ca. B. Cu. C. Mg. D. Sr.
Cu 77*: Cho 7,1 gam hn hp gm mt kim loi kim X v mt kim loi kim th Y tc dng ht
vi lng d dung dch HCl long, thu c 5,6 lt kh (ktc). Kim loi X, Y l :
A. natri v magie. B. liti v beri. C. kali v canxi. D. kali v bari.
Cu 78*: Ho tan hon ton 2,45 gam hn hp X gm hai kim loi kim th vo 200 ml dung dch
HCl 1,25M, thu c dung dch Y cha cc cht tan c nng mol bng nhau. Hai kim loi trong
X l :
A. Mg v Ca. B. Be v Mg. C. Mg v Sr. D. Be v Ca.
Cu 79: Cho 12,9 gam hn hp Al, Mg phn ng va ht vi dung dch H2SO4 c, nng. Sau phn
ng thu c 0,125 mol S, 0,2 mol SO2 v dung dch X. C cn dung dch X thu c m gam mui.
Gi tr ca m l :
A. 68,1. B. 84,2. C. 64,2. D. 123,3.
Cu 80: Ho tan hon ton 8,9 gam hn hp Zn, Mg bng dung dch H2SO4 c thu c 1,12 lt
SO2 (ktc), 1,6 gam S (l nhng sn phm kh duy nht) v dung dch X. Khi lng mui khan
trong dung dch X l :

Cu 81: Cho 1,35 gam hn hp gm Cu, Mg, Al tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 d, thu c 1,12
ra l :
Cu 82: Ha tan hon ton m gam hn hp 3 kim loi cha r ha tr bng dung dch HNO3 thu
c V lt hn hp kh A (ktc) gm NO2 v NO (khng sinh ra mui NH4NO3). T khi hi ca A
so vi H2 bng 18,2. Tng s gam mui khan to thnh theo m v V l :
A. m+6,0893V. B. m+3,2147. C. m+2,3147V. D. m+6,1875V.
Cu 83: Ha tan hon ton 2,52 gam hn hp Mg v Al bng dung dch HCl thu c 2,688 lt
hiro (ktc). Cng lng hn hp ny nu ha tan hon ton bng H2SO4 c nng th thu c
0,12 mol mt sn phm X duy nht hnh thnh do s kh S+6. X l :
A. S. B. SO2. C. H2S. D. S hoc SO2.
Cu 84: Ho tan hon ton 8,862 gam hn hp gm Al v Mg vo dung dch HNO3 long, thu
c dung dch X v 3,136 lt (ktc) hn hp Y gm hai kh khng mu, trong c mt kh ha
nu trong khng kh. Khi lng ca Y l 5,18 gam. Cho dung dch NaOH (d) vo X v un nng,
khng c kh mi khai thot ra. Phn trm khi lng ca Al trong hn hp ban u l :
A. 19,53%. B. 12,80%. C. 10,52%. D. 15,25%.
Cu 85: Ho tan 82,8 gam kim loi M trong dung dch HNO3 long thu c 16,8 lt hn hp kh X
(ktc) gm 2 kh khng mu khng ho nu trong khng kh. T khi hi ca X so vi H2 l 17,2.
Kim loi M l (Bit phn ng khng to ra NH4NO3):
A. Mg. B. Ag. C. Cu. D. Al.
Cu 86: Mt hn hp X gm 2 kim loi A, B u c ha tr 2 v c khi lng nguyn t MA <
MB. Nu cho 10,4 gam hn hp X (c s mol bng nhau) vi HNO3 c, d thu c 8,96 lt NO2
(ktc). Nu cho 12,8 gam hn hp X (c khi lng bng nhau) tc dng vi HNO3 c, d thu
c 11,648 lt NO2 (ktc). Tm hai kim loi A v B ?
A. Ca v Mg. B. Ca v Cu. C. Zn v Ca. D. Mg v Ba.
Cu 87*: Cho 11,2 gam hn hp Cu v kim loi M tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c 3,136
lt (ktc). Cng lng hn hp ny cho tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO3 long thu c 3,92 lt
kh NO (ktc, sn phm kh duy nht). Kim loi M l :
A. Mg. B. Fe. C. Mg hoc Fe. D. Mg hoc Zn.
Cu 88: Cho 9,6 gam mt kim loi thuc nhm II vo dung dch HNO3 long d, thy khng c kh
thot ra. n phn ng hon ton thu c dung dch A. Cho dung dch NaOH vo dung dch A c
un nng thu c 2,24 lt kh (ktc). M l :
A. Ca. B. Be. C. Ba. D. Mg.
Cu 89: Cho 2,16 gam Mg tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 (d). Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton
thu c 0,896 lt kh NO (ktc) v dung dch X. Khi lng mui khan thu c khi lm bay hi
dung dch X l :
Cu 90: Cho 6,48 gam Mg tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 long, d thu c dung dch A v 1,12
lt hn hp kh B gm hai kh N2O v N2, t khi ca B so vi H2 bng 17,2. Lm bay hi dung dch
A thu c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 39,36 B. 40,76. C. 36,96. D. 20,72.

Cu 91: Hn hp X gm Mg v MgO c chia thnh 2 phn bng nhau. Cho phn 1 tc dng ht
vi dung dch HCl thu c 3,136 lt kh (ktc) ; c cn dung dch v lm kh th thu c 14,25
gam cht rn khan A. Cho phn 2 tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO3 th thu c 0,448 lt kh Y
(ktc), c cn dung dch v lm kh th thu c 23 gam cht rn khan B.
a. Phn trm khi lng ca Mg trong hn hp X l :
A. 10,64%. B. 89,36%. C. 44,68%. D. 55,32%.
b. Cng thc phn t ca Y l :
A. NO2. B. NO. C. N2O. D. N2.
Cu 92*: Ha tan 30 gam hn hp gm Al, Zn, Mg trong dung dch HNO3 d. Sau phn ng thu
c hn hp kh gm 0,1 mol NO, 0,1 mol N2O v dung dch X. C cn dung dch X thu c 127
gam cht rn. S mol HNO3 tham gia phn ng l bao nhiu ?
A. 1,7. B. 1,4. C. 1,9. D. 1,8.
Cu 93*: Ha tan hon ton 5,525 gam mt kim loi trong dung dch HNO3 long c duy nht
phn ng.
A. 0,17. B. 0,425. C. 0,85. D. 0,2125.
Cu 94*: Cho 1,2 gam Mg vo 100 ml dung dch hn hp gm H2SO4 0,75M v NaNO3 0,5M. Sau
phn ng ch thu c V lt kh dng n cht (khng c sn phm kh no khc) v dung dch X.
a. Th tch V ktc bng :
A. 5,600. B. 0,560. C. 1,120. D. 0,224.
b. C cn dung dch X thu c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l :
A. 11,44. B. 9,52. C. 8,4. D. 9,55.
Cu 95: Cho m gam Mg vo dung dch cha 0,12 mol FeCl3. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton
A. 2,88. B. 2,16. C. 4,32. D. 5,04.
Cu 96: Cho 0,3 mol magie vo 100 ml dung dch hn hp cha Fe(NO3)3 2M v Cu(NO3)2 1M,
Cu 97: Nhng mt thanh Mg vo 200 ml dung dch Fe2(SO3)3 0,5M, sau mt thi gian ly thanh
Cu 98: Cho hn hp gm 1,2 mol Mg v x mol Zn vo dung dch cha 2 mol Cu2+ v 2 mol Ag+
n khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c mt dung dch cha ba ion kim loi. Trong cc gi
tr sau y, gi tr no ca x tho mn trng hp trn ?
A. 2. B. 2,2. C. 1,5. D. 1,8.
Cu 99: Cho a mol kim loi Mg vo dung dch hn hp cha b mol CuSO4 v c mol Al2(SO4)3. Kt
A. a b. B. b a < b + c. C. b a b +3c. D. b < a < 0,5(b + c).
Cu 100: Cho 0,10 mol Ba vo dung dch cha 0,10 mol CuSO4 v 0,12 mol HCl. Sau khi cc phn
ng xy ra hon ton, lc ly kt ta nung nhit cao n khi lng khng i thu c m gam
cht rn. Gi tr ca m l :
Cu 101: Kim loi R ha tr khng i vo 100 ml dung dch HCl 1,5M c 2,24 lt H2 (ktc) v
dung dch X. Tnh khi lng kt ta thu c khi cho dung dch AgNO3 d vo dung dch X.


A. 51,72%. B. 76,70%. C. 53,85%. D. 56,36%.
Cu 103*: t 11,2 gam bt Ca bng O2 thu c m gam cht rn A gm Ca v CaO. Cho cht rn
A tc dng va vi axit trong dung dch gm HCl 1M v H2SO4 0,5M thu c H2 v dung dch
B. C cn dung dch B thu c (m+21,14) gam cht rn khan. Nu ha tan ht m gam cht rn A
vo dung dch HNO3 long d thu c 0,896 lt NO (ktc) v dung dch X. C cn dung dch X
thu c bao nhiu gam cht rn khan?
Cu 104: Cho 100 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,009M vi 400 ml dung dch H2SO4 0,002M. Gi tr pH
dung dch thu c sau phn ng l :
A. 10. B. 5,3. C. 5. D. 10,6.
Cu 105: Trn 50 ml dung dch HNO3 xM vi 150 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,2M thu c dung
dch X. trung ho lng baz d trong X cn 100 ml dung dch HCl 0,1 M. Gi tr ca x l :
A. 0,5M. B. 0,75M. C. 1M. D. 1,5M.
Cu 106: Dung dch X cha hn hp NaOH aM v Ba(OH)2 bM. trung ho 50 ml dung dch X
cn 60 ml dung dch HCl 0,1M. Mt khc cho mt lng d dung dch Na2CO3 vo 100 ml dung
dch X thy to thnh 0,394 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca a, b l :
A. a = 0,1 M ; b = 0,01 M. B. a = 0,1 M ; b = 0,08 M.
C. a = 0,08 M ; b = 0,01 M. D. a = 0,08 M ; b = 0,02 M.
Cu 107: Cho dung dch cha 0,1 mol (NH4)2CO3 tc dng vi dung dch cha 34,2 gam Ba(OH)2.
Sau phn ng thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l :
A. 19,7. B. 39,4. C. 17,1. D. 15,5.
Cu 108: Ho tan hon ton 47,4 gam phn chua KAl(SO4 )2.12H2O vo nc, thu c dung dch
X. Cho ton b X tc dng vi 200 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 1M, sau phn ng thu c m gam kt
ta. Gi tr ca m l :
A. 7,8. B. 46,6. C. 54,4. D. 62,2.
Cu 109: Cacnalit l 1 mui c cng thc KCl.MgCl2.6H2O (M= 277,5). Ly 27,75 gam mui ,
ho tan vo nc, sau cho tc dng vi NaOH d ri ly kt ta nung nhit cao ti phn
ng hon ton thu c m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l :
Cu 110: Ha tan 1,8 gam mui sunfat ca kim loi thuc nhm IIA trong nc, ri pha long cho
50 ml dung dch. phn ng ht vi dung dch ny cn 20 ml dung dch BaCl2 0,75M. Cng
thc phn t v nng mol/l ca mui sunfat l :
A. CaSO4 ; 0,2M. B. MgSO4 ; 0,3M. C. MgSO4 ; 0,03M. D. SrSO4 ; 0,03M.
Cu 111: Cho 200 ml dung dch hn hp Na2CO3 0,6M v K2SO4 0,4M tc dng va vi 100
ml dung dch hn hp Pb(NO3)2 0,9M v BaCl2 nng C (mol/l). Thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr
ca C l :
A. 0,8M. B. 1M. C. 1,1 M. D. 0,9M.
Cu 112: C 1 lt dung dch hn hp Na2CO3 0,1 mol/l v (NH4)2CO3 0,25 mol/l. Cho 43 gam hn
hp BaCl2 v CaCl2 vo dung dch . Sau khi cc phn ng kt thc ta thu c 39,7 gam kt ta
A v dung dch B. Phn trm khi lng cc cht trong A l :
A. %m BaCO3 = 50%, %m CaCO3 = 50%. B. %m BaCO3 = 50,38%, %m CaCO3 = 49,62%.
C. %m BaCO3 = 49,62%, %m CaCO3 = 50,38%. D. %m BaCO3 = 50,38%, %m CaCO3 =49,62%.

Cu 113*: Cho m gam NaOH vo 2 lt dung dch NaHCO3 nng a mol/l, thu c 2 lt dung
dch X. Ly 1 lt dung dch X tc dng vi dung dch BaCl2 (d) thu c 11,82 gam kt ta. Mt
khc, cho 1 lt dung dch X vo dung dch CaCl2 (d) ri un nng, sau khi kt thc cc phn ng
thu c 7,0 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca a, m tng ng l :
A. 0,04 v 4,8. B. 0,07 v 3,2. C. 0,08 v 4,8. D. 0,14 v 2,4.
Cu 114: Dung dch X cha 0,025 mol CO3 ; 0,1 mol Na ; 0,25 mol NH4+ ; x mol Cl-. un nng
2- +
nh dung dch X v cho 270 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,2M vo. Hi tng khi lng dung dch X v
dung dch Ba(OH)2 gim bao nhiu gam. Gi s nc bay hi khng ng k.
Cu 115: Dung dch A c cha : Mg , Ba ,Ca v 0,2 mol Cl , 0,3 mol NO3-. Thm dn dn dung
2+ 2+ 2+ -
dch Na2CO3 1M vo dung dch A cho n khi c lng kt ta ln nht th ngng li. Th tch
dung dch Na2CO3 thm vo l :
A. 300 ml. B. 200 ml. C.150 ml. D. 250 ml.
Cu 116: Dung dch A c cha 5 ion : Mg , Ba , Ca , 0,1 mol Cl v 0,2 mol NO3. Thm dn V
2+ 2+ 2+
lt dung dch K2CO3 1M vo A n khi c lng kt ta ln nht. V c gi tr l :

A. 150 ml. B. 300 ml. C. 200 ml. D. 250 ml.
Cu 117: Mt dung dch X c cha 0,01 mol Ba ; 0,01 mol NO3 , a mol OH- v b mol Na+.
2+ -
1
trung ho dung dch X ngi ta cn dng 200 ml dung dch HCl 0,1M. Khi lng cht rn thu
2
c khi c cn dung dch X l :
Cu 118: Dung dch A cha cc ion: CO3 , SO3 , SO4 , 0,1 mol HCO3 v 0,3 mol Na+. Thm V
2- 2- 2- -
lt dung dch Ba(OH)2 1M vo A th thu c lng kt ta ln nht. Gi tr nh nht ca V l :

A. 0,15. B. 0,25. C. 0,20. D. 0,30.
Cu 119*: Dung dch X gm a mol Na , b mol HCO3 , c mol CO3 , d mol SO42-. Cn dng 100 ml
+ - 2-
dung dch Ba(OH)2 c nng l xM cho vo dung dch X th c lng kt ta ln nht. Biu
thc lin h gia x vi a, b l :
A. x = (3a + 2b)/0,2. B. x = (2a + b)/0,2.
C. x = (a b)/0,2. D. x = (a+b)/0,2.
Cu 120: Dung dch E cha cc ion Mg , SO4 , NH4+, Cl-. Chia dung dch E ra 2 phn bng nhau:
2+ 2-
Cho phn I tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d, un nng, c 0,58 gam kt ta v 0,672 lt kh
(ktc). Phn II tc dng vi dung dch BaCl2 d, c 4,66 gam kt ta. Tng khi lng cc cht
tan trong dung dch E bng
A. 6,11gam. B. 3,055 gam. C. 5,35 gam. D. 9,165 gam.
+ + 2- 2-
Cu 121: C 500 ml dung dch X cha Na , NH4 , CO3 v SO4 . Ly 100 ml dung dch X tc
dng vi lng d dung dch HCl thu 2,24 lt kh (ktc). Ly 100 ml dung dch X cho tc dng vi
lng d dung dch BaCl2 thy c 43 gam kt ta. Ly 100 ml dung dch X tc dng vi lng d
dung dch NaOH thu 4,48 lt kh NH3 (ktc). Khi lng mui c trong 500 ml dung dch X l :
A.14,9 gam. B.11,9 gam. C. 86,2 gam. D. 119 gam.
Cu 122: Dung dch X cha cc ion sau: Al , Cu , SO4 v NO3 . kt ta ht ion SO42- c
3+ 2+ 2- -
trong 250 ml dung dch X cn 50 ml dung dch BaCl2 1M. Cho 500 ml dung dch X tc dng vi
dung dch NH3 d th c 7,8 gam kt ta. C cn 500 ml dung dch X c 37,3 gam hn hp
mui khan. Nng mol/l ca NO3- l :
A. 0,2M. B. 0,3M. C. 0,6M. D. 0,4M.

Cu 123: Dung dch X cha cc ion: Fe3+, SO42-, NH4+, Cl-. Chia dung dch X thnh hai phn bng
nhau : Phn mt tc dng vi lng d dung dch NaOH, un nng thu c 0,672 lt kh (ktc) v
1,07 gam kt ta ; Phn hai tc dng vi lng d dung dch BaCl2, thu c 4,66 gam kt ta.
Tng khi lng cc mui khan thu c khi c cn dung dch X l (qu trnh c cn ch c nc
bay hi) :
Cu 124: Trong mt cc nc c ho tan a mol Ca(HCO3)2 v b mol Mg(HCO3)2. lm mm
nc trong cc cn dng V lt nc vi trong, nng pM. Biu thc lin h gia V vi a, b, p l :
A. V = (a +2b)/p. B. V = (a + b)/2p. C. V = (a + b)/p. D. V = (a + b)p.
Cu 125: Mt lt dung dch nc cng tm thi c th lm mm bng 100ml Ca(OH)2 0,01M (va
) thu c 0,192 gam kt ta. Tnh nng mol/l ca mi cation gy ra tnh cng ca nc.
A. 5.10-4 v 2,5.10-4. B. u bng 5.10-4.
C. u bng 2,5.10-4. D. 8,9.10-4 v 5,6.10-5.
Cu 126*: Cho dung dch X gm: 0,007 mol Na+; x mol Ca2+ ; 0,006 mol Cl- ; 0,006 HCO3- v
0,001 mol NO3-. loi b ht Ca2+ trong X cn mt lng va dung dch cha a gam Ca(OH)2
Gi tr ca a l :
A. 0,222. B. 0,120. C. 0,444. D. 0,180.
Cu 127*: Dung dch X cha cc ion: Ca , Na , HCO3 v Cl trong s mol ca ion Cl- l 0,1.
2+ + - -
1 1
Cho dung dch X phn ng vi dung dch NaOH (d), thu c 2 gam kt ta. Cho dung dch
2 2
X cn li phn ng vi dung dch Ca(OH)2 (d), thu c 3 gam kt ta. Mt khc, nu un si n
cn dung dch X th thu c m gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m l :
A. 9,21. B. 9,26. C. 8,79. D. 7,47.
Cu 128: Cho hn hp K2CO3 v NaHCO3 (t l mol 1 : 1) vo bnh dung dch Ba(HCO3)2 thu
c kt ta X v dung dch Y. Thm t t dung dch HCl 0,5M vo bnh n khi khng cn kh
thot ra th ht 560 ml. Bit ton b Y phn ng va vi 200 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Khi
lng kt ta X l :
Cu 129: Cho 16,8 lt CO2 (ktc) hp th hon ton vo 600 ml dung dch NaOH 2M thu c
dung dch X. Nu cho mt lng d dung dch BaCl2 vo dung dch X th thu c lng kt ta l:
Cu 130: Thi V lt (ktc) kh CO2 vo 300 ml dung dch Ca(OH)2 0,02M th thu c 0,2 gam kt
ta. Gi tr ca V l ?
A. 44,8 ml hay 89,6 ml. B. 224 ml.
C. 44,8 ml hay 224 ml. D. 44,8 ml.
Cu 131: Dn V lt (ktc) kh CO2 qua 100 ml dung dch Ca(OH)2 1M thu c 6 gam kt ta. Lc
b kt ta, ly dung dch nc lc un nng li thu c kt ta na. Gi tr ca V l :
A. 3,136 lt. B. 1,344 lt.
C. 1,344 lt hoc 3,136 lt. D. 3,36 lt hoc 1,12 lt.
Cu 132*: Khi cho 0,02 hoc 0,04 mol CO2 hp th ht vo dung dch Ba(OH)2 th lng kt ta
thu c u nh nhau. S mol Ba(OH)2 c trong dung dch l :
A. 0,01 mol. B. 0,02 mol. C. 0,03 mol. D. 0,04 mol.
Cu 133: Hp th hon ton 2,688 lt kh CO2 (ktc) vo 2,5 lt dung dch Ba(OH)2 nng a
mol/l, thu c 15,76 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca a l :
A. 0,048. B. 0,032. C. 0,04. D. 0,06.

Cu 134: Thi kh CO2 vo dung dch cha 0,02 mol Ba(OH)2. Gi tr khi lng kt ta bin thin
trong khong no khi CO2 bin thin trong khong t 0,005 mol n 0,024 mol ?
A. 0 gam n 3,94 gam. B. 0 gam n 0,985 gam.
C. 0,985 gam n 3,94 gam. D. 0,985 gam n 3,152 gam.
Cu 135*: Cho 20,7 gam hn hp CaCO3 v K2CO3 phn ng ht vi dung dch HCl d, thu c
kh Y. Sc ton b kh Y t t vo dung dch ch cha 0,18 mol Ba(OH)2, thu c m gam kt ta.
Hi m c gi tr trong khong no ?
A. 30,14 m > 29,55. B. 35,46 m > 29,55.
C. 35,46 m 30,14. D. 40,78 m > 29,55.
Cu 136: Sc CO2 vo 200 ml hn hp dung dch gm KOH 1M v Ba(OH)2 0,75M. Sau khi kh b
hp th hon ton thy to 23,6 gam kt ta. Th tch kh CO2 dng (ktc) l :
A. 8,512 lt. B. 2,688 lt. C. 2,24 lt. D. C A v B ng.
Cu 137: Hp th hon ton V lt CO2 (ktc) vo 400 ml dung dch hn hp gm NaOH 1M v
Ca(OH)2 0,5M. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c 15 gam kt ta. V c gi tr l
A. 3,36 lt hoc 10,08 lt. B. 3,36 lt hoc 14,56 lt.
C. 4,48 lt hoc 8,96 lt. D. 3,36 lt hoc 13,44 lt.
Cu 138: Sc V lt CO2 (ktc) vo 1 lt dung dch hn hp NaOH 0,02M v Ba(OH)2 0,02M. n
phn ng hon ton thu c 1,97 gam kt ta v dung dch A. Cho dung dch NaOH vo dung
dch A thu c kt ta. Gi tr ca V l :
A. 0,896 lt. B. 0,448 lt. C. 0, 224 lt D. 1,12 lt.
Cu 139*: Sc V lt CO2 (ktc) vo 200 ml dung dch hn hp KOH 0,5M v Ba(OH)2 0,375M.
Xc nh gi tr ca V l thu c lng kt ta ln nht ?
A. 1,68 lt VCO2 < 3,92 lt. B. 1,68 lt hoc 3,92 lt.
C. 1,68 lt < VCO2 3,92 lt. D. 1,68 lt VCO2 3,92 lt.

Cu 140*: Cho 17,15 gam hn hp X gm Na v Ba vo nc thu c dung dch Y v 3,92 lt H2
(ktc). Cho kh CO2 vo dung dch Y. Tnh th tch CO2 (ktc) cn cho vo dung dch X kt ta
thu c l ln nht ?
A. V = 2,24 lt. B. 2,24 lt V 4,48 lt.
C. 2,24 lt V 5,6 lt. D. 3,36 lt V 5,6 lt.
Cu 141: Hp th hon ton 4,48 lt kh CO2 (ktc) vo 500 ml dung dch hn hp gm NaOH
0,1M v Ba(OH)2 0,2M, sinh ra m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l :
A. 19,70. B. 17,73. C. 9,85. D. 11,82.
Cu 142: Cho 0,448 lt kh CO2 (ktc) hp th ht vo 100 ml dung dch cha hn hp NaOH
0,06M v Ba(OH)2 0,12M, thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l :
A. 1,970 B. 1,182. C. 2,364. D. 3,940.
Cu 143: Sc 2,24 lt kh CO2 (ktc) vo 100 ml dung dch Ca(OH)2 0,5M v KOH 2M. Khi
lng kt ta thu c sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton l bao nhiu gam ?
Cu 144: Hp th ht 0,672 lt CO2 (ktc) vo bnh cha 2 lt dung dch Ca(OH)2 0,01M. Thm
tip 0,4 gam NaOH vo bnh ny. Khi lng kt ta thu c sau phn ng l ?

Cu 145: Ho tan hon ton 31,3 gam hn hp gm K v Ba vo nc, thu c dung dch X v
5,6 lt kh H2 (ktc). Sc 8,96 lt kh CO2 (ktc) vo dung dch X, thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr
ca m l:
A. 49,25. B. 39,40. C. 19,70. D. 78,80.
Cu 146: Cho 3,45 gam hn hp mui natri cacbonat v kali cacbonat tc dng ht vi dung dch
HCl thu c V lt CO2 (ktc) v 3,78 gam mui clorua. Gi tr ca V l :
A. 6,72 lt. B. 3,36 lt. C. 0,224 lt. D. 0,672 lt.
Cu 147: Cho 115 gam hn hp ACO3, B2CO3, R2CO3 tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c
0,896 lt CO2 (ktc). C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c cht rn c khi lng l :
A. 120 gam. B. 115,44 gam. C. 110 gam. D. 116,22 gam.
Cu 148: Ha tan 14 gam hn hp 2 mui MCO3 v R2CO3 bng dung dch HCl d, thu c dung
dch A v 0,672 lt kh (ktc). C cn dung dch A th thu c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l :
Cu 149: Ho tan hon ton 4 gam hn hp MCO3 v MCO3 vo dung dch HCl thy thot ra V lt
kh (ktc). Dung dch thu c em c cn thu c 5,1 gam mui khan. Gi tr ca V l :
A. 1,12 lt. B. 1,68 lt. C. 2,24 lt. D. 3,36 lt.
Cu 150: Ho tan ht m gam hn hp gm M2CO3 v RCO3 trong dung dch HCl d thu c dung
dch Y v V lt kh CO2 (ktc). C cn dung dch Y th c (m + 3,3) gam mui khan. Vy th tch
kh CO2 l :
A. 2,24 lt. B. 3,36 lt. C. 4,48 lt. D. 6,72 lt.
Cu 151: Hn hp CaCO3, CaSO4 c ho tan bng axit H2SO4 va . Sau phn ng un nng
cho bay hi nc v lc c mt lng cht rn bng 121,43% lng hn hp ban u. Phn trm
khi lng CaCO3, CaSO4 trong hn hp u ln lt l :
A. 55,92% ; 44,08% B. 59,52% ; 40,48%
C. 52,59% ; 47,41% D. 49,52% ; 50,48%
Cu 152: Cho 9,125 gam mui hirocacbonat phn ng ht vi dung dch H2SO4 (d), thu c
dung dch cha 7,5 gam mui sunfat trung ho. Cng thc ca mui hirocacbonat l :
A. NaHCO3. B. Mg(HCO3)2. C. Ba(HCO3)2. D. Ca(HCO3)2.
Cu 153: A, B l cc kim loi hot ng ha tr II, ha tan hn hp gm 23,5 gam mui cacbonat
ca A v 8,4 gam mui cacbonat ca B bng dung dch HCl d c cn v in phn nng chy
hon ton cc mui th thu c 11,8 gam hn hp kim loi catot v V lt kh anot. Bit khi
lng nguyn t A bng khi lng oxit ca B. Hai kim loi A v B l :
A. Be v Mg. B. Mg v Ca. C. Sr v Ba. D. Ba v Ra
Cu 154: Cho 115,3 gam hn hp hai mui MgCO3 v RCO3 vo 500 ml dung dch H2SO4 long
thy c 4,48 lt CO2 (ktc) thot ra, dung dch A v cht rn B. C cn dung dch A thu c 12
gam mui khan. Nung cht rn B n khi lng khng i th thu c rn B1 v 11,2 lt CO2
(ktc). Bit trong hn hp u s mol ca RCO3 gp 2,5 ln s mol ca MgCO3.
a. Nng mol/lt ca dung dch H2SO4 l :
A. 0,2M. B. 0,1M. C. 0,4M. D. 1M.
b. Khi lng cht rn B v B1 l :
A. 110,5 gam v 88,5 gam. B. 110,5 gam v 88 gam.
C. 110,5 gam v 87 gam. D. 110,5 gam v 86,5 gam.
c. Nguyn t R l :
A. Ca. B. Sr. C. Zn. D. Ba.

Cu 155: Khi nung hn hp CaCO3 v MgCO3 th khi lng cht rn thu c sau phn ng ch
bng mt na khi lng ban u. Thnh phn % khi lng cc cht trong hn hp u l :
A. 27,41% v 72,59%. B. 28,41% v 71,59%.
C. 28% v 72%. D. Kt qu khc.
Cu 156: Nhit phn hon ton 40 gam mt loi qung lmit c ln tp cht tr sinh ra 8,96 lt
kh CO2 (ktc). Thnh phn phn trm v khi lng ca CaCO3.MgCO3 trong loi qung nu trn
l :
A. 40%. B. 50%. C. 84%. D. 92%.
Cu 157: Nu hm lng % ca kim loi R trong mui cacbonat l 40% th hm lng % kim loi
R trong mui photphat l bao nhiu phn trm ?
A. 40%. B. 80%. C. 52,7%. D. 38,71%.
Cu 158: Mt loi cha 80% CaCO3 phn cn li l tp cht tr. Nung ti phn ng hon
ton (ti khi lng khng i) thu c cht rn R. Vy % khi lng CaO trong R l :
A. 62,5%. B. 69,14%. C. 70,22%. D. 73,06%.
Cu 159: X l 1 loi vi cha 80% CaCO3, phn cn li l tp cht tr. Nung 50 gam X mt thi
gian, thu c 39 gam cht rn. Phn trm CaCO3 b phn hu l :
A. 50,5%. B. 60%. C. 62,5%. D. 65%.
Cu 160: Nhit phn hon ton 52,9 gam hn hp MCO3, MCO3 v CuCO3 (M, M l 2 kim loi
kim th) trong iu kin khng c khng kh thu c hn hp 3 oxit v 8,96 lt CO2 (ktc). Ha
tan hn hp 3 oxit vo dung dch HNO3 long d thu c dung dch X. C cn dung dch X thu
c m gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m l :
Cu 161: in phn 800 ml dung dch CaCl2 0,25M vi in cc tr, mng ngn xp v dng in
1 chiu c I=5A trong 6176 giy thu c dung dch A. Nhit phn hon ton m gam lmit
CaCO3.MgCO3 thu c kh B. Hp th hon ton kh B vo dung dch A thu c 8 gam kt ta.
Gi tr ca m l (cc phn ng xy ra hon ton) :
A. 14,72 gam hoc 22,08 gam. B. 7,36 gam hoc 15,68 gam.
C. 7,36 gam hoc 22,08 gam. D. 14,72 gam hoc 15,68 gam.
Cu 162: Ha tan m gam hn hp gm K v Ca vo nc thu c dung dch A v 5,6 lt H2
(ktc). Hp th 8,96 lt kh CO2 (ktc) vo dung dch A thu c 10 gam kt ta v dung dch B. C
cn dung dch B thu c 22,5 gam cht rn khan gm hai cht c cng khi lng mol. Gi tr ca
m l :
Cu 163: Hp th V lt CO2 (ktc) hoc 1,4V lt CO2 (ktc) vo 400 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,75M
u thu c cng mt lng kt ta. Gi tr ca V l :
A. 4,48 lt. B. 2,80 lt. C. 5,60 lt. D. 7,00 lt.
Cu 164: Cho m gam hn hp X gm Ba, BaO, Ba(OH)2 c cng s mol vo nc thu c 500
ml dung dch Y v V lt H2 (ktc). Hp th 3,6V lt CO2 (ktc) vo 500 ml dung dch Y thu c
37,824 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l :
Cu 165: Hn hp X gm MgCO3, CaCO3, MgSO3, CaSO3. Ho tan 43,76 gam hn hp X bng
dung dch HCl va thu c 9,856 lt hn hp CO2 v SO2 (ktc) c t khi so vi H2 l 26,091
v dung dch Y trong c 22,20 gam CaCl2 v x gam MgCl2. Gi tr ca x l :

Cu 166: Hn hp X gm MgO, CaO, Mg v Ca. Ha tan 21,44 gam hn hp X bng dung dch
HCl va thu c 6,496 lt H2 (ktc) v dung dch Y trong c 24,70 gam MgCl2 v x gam
CaCl2. Gi tr ca x l :
Cu 167: Hn hp X gm Na, Ca, Na2O, CaO. Ha tan ht 51,3 gam hn hp X thu c 5,6 lt H2
(ktc) v dung dch kim Y trong c 28 gam NaOH. Hp th 17,92 lt kh SO2 (ktc) vo dung
dch Y thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l :
A. 72 gam. B. 60 gam. C. 48 gam. C. 54 gam.
Cu 168: Hn hp X gm Mg(NO3)2, Mg(OH)2, MgCO3 c t l s mol tng ng l 1 : 2 : 3.
Nhit phn hon ton m gam hn hp X thu c (m22,08) gam MgO. Ha tan ton b lng
MgO sinh ra trong dung dch hn hp HCl 7,3% v H2SO4 9,8% va thu c dung dch Y. C
cn dung dch Y thu c bao nhiu gam cht rn khan ?
Cu 169: Dung dch X gm MgSO4 v H2SO4. Thm m gam NaOH vo 250 ml dung dch X thu
c 1,74 gam kt ta v dung dch Y gm 2 loi cation v 1 loi anion (b qua s in li ca
nc). C cn dung dch Y thu c 13,76 gam cht rn khan. Cho 250 ml dung dch X tc dng
va vi dung dch Ba(OH)2 thu c 26,2 gam kt ta. Nng mol ca MgSO4 trong dung
dch X l :
A. 0,1M. B. 0,3M. C. 0,2M. D. 0,4M.
Cu 170: Nhit phn hon ton m gam hn hp X gm NaNO3 v Ca(NO3)2 thu c V lt O2
(ktc) v 0,807m gam cht rn khan. Ha tan m gam hn hp X vo nc ri cho tc dng vi dung
dch Na2CO3 va thu c 6,5 gam kt ta v dung dch Y. Gi tr ca m l :
Cu 171: Cho 200 ml dung dch Na2CO3 x mol/l vo 300 ml dung dch Ba(NO3)2 y mol/l thu c
39,4xy gam kt ta v dung dch X. C cn dung dch X thu c 56,46 gam cht rn khan. Gi tr
ca x+y l :
A. 2,78. B. 1,8. C. 2,2. D. 2,78 hoc 2,2.
Cu 172: Ha tan m gam hn hp gm 40% Na2SO4, 40% MgSO4 v 20% MgCl2 vo nc c
dung dch A. Cho dung dch A tc dng vi dung dch Ba(OH)2 d thu c (m+89,81) gam kt
ta. Gi tr ca m l :
Cu 173: Cho m gam Ba vo 250 ml dung dch Fe2(SO4)3 v Fe(NO3)3 c cng nng mol thu
c 20,4 gam kt ta, dung dch X c pH > 7 v 2,688 lt H2 (ktc). Cho 100 ml dung dch hn
hp Na2CO3 0,5M v NaHCO3 0,05M vo dung dch X thu c p gam kt ta. Gi tr ca p l :
Cu 174*: Dung dch X gm NaOH xM v Ca(OH)2 yM. Dung dch Y gm NaOH yM v Ca(OH)2
xM. Hp th 3,136 lt kh CO2 (ktc) vo 200 ml dung dch X thu c 4 gam kt ta. Hp th
3,136 lt kh CO2 (ktc) vo 200 ml dung dch Y thu c 7 gam kt ta. Gi tr thch hp ca x v
y ln lt l :
A. 0,50 v 0,30. B. 0,40 v 0,25. C. 0,40 v 0,30. D. 0,50 v 0,25.
Cu 175*: Trn 200 ml dung dch hn hp Ca(OH)2 v NaOH vo 300 ml dung dch HCl 0,5 M
thu c dung dch X c cha 11,275 gam cht tan. Hp th 0,896 lt CO2 (ktc) vo dung dch X
thu c 3 gam kt ta. Nng NaOH trong dung dch ban u l :
A. 0,785M. B. 0,600M. C. 0,800M. D. 0,600M hoc 0,785M.

Cu 176*: Hn hp X gm Ba, Na v mt oxit kim loi. Ha tan X trong dung dch HCl 10% va
thu c dung dch 2 mui trong phn trm BaCl2 l 13,27% v NaCl l 6,72%. Khi lng
mol trung bnh ca hn hp X l :
A. 66,5 hay 73,7. B. 65,5 hay 77,3. C. 66,5 hay 77,3. D. 65,5 hay 73,7.
Cu 177*: Hn hp X gm Ba v 1 kim loi M. Ha tan hn hp X bng dung dch HCl 10% va
thu c dung dch Y, trong nng ca BaCl2 l 9,48% v nng ca MCl2 nm trong
khong 8% n 9%. M c th l :
A. Zn. B. Fe. C. Ca. D. Mg.
Cu 178*: Cho m gam kim loi M tc dng va vi 400 gam dung dch HCl 10% thu c
dung dch mui c nng 12,632%. Gi tr ca m l :
Cu 179: Cho 19 gam hn hp bt gm kim loi M (ha tr khng i) v Zn (t l mol tng ng
l 1,25 : 1) vo bnh ng 4,48 lt kh Cl2 (iu kin tiu chun), sau cc phn ng hon ton thu
c hn hp cht rn X. Cho X tan ht trong dung dch HCl (d) thy c 5,6 lt kh H2 thot ra
(iu kin tiu chun). Kim loi M l :
A. Mg. B. K. C. Ca. D. Na.
2+ 2+ -
Cu 180: Dung dch E gm x mol Ca , y mol Ba , z mol HCO 3 . Cho t t dung dch Ca(OH)2
nng a mol/l vo dung dch E n khi thu c lng kt ta ln nht th va ht V lt dung dch
Ca(OH)2. Biu thc lin h gia cc gi tr V, a, x, y l :
x + 2y x+y
A. V = 2a(x + y) . B. V = . C. V = . D. V = a(2x + y) .
a a
Bn c nn khng?
C mt c gi tr chuyn nh mi, c pht hin hng xm nh mnh l mt ph n ngho go

chng, sng vi hai a con nh.
Mt ngy n, khu ph b mt in t ngt. C gi tr phi dng nn thp sng. Mt lt sau, c

ting g ca. Ho ra l a b con nh hng xm. N hi hp hi: "C i c, nh c c nn khng
?"
C gi tr ngh: " Nh n ngho n mc nn cng khng c m dng ? Cho nh n mt ln, ln
sau li sang xin na cho m xem!" Th l c gi xng ging: "Khng c!"
ng lc c nh ng ca li, a tr nh hng xm ngho mm ci ni: "Chu bit ngay l nh

c khng c m!" Ni xong, n cha ra hai cy nn: "M chu vi chu s c ch sng c mt mnh,
khng c nn nn bo chu mang nn sang cho c dng tm."

BI 3 : NHM V HP CHT CA NHM
A. L THUYT
PHN 1 : NHM
I. Cu to
- Cu hnh electron nguyn t : 1s22s22p63s23p1, trong c 3e ho tr (3s23p1).
- S hiu nguyn t 13, thuc nhm IIIA, chu k 3.
- Ion Al3+ c cu hnh electron ca nguyn t him kh Ne :
Al Al3+ + 3e
S oxi ho : Trong hp cht, nguyn t Al c s oxi ho bn l +3.
C u t o c a n ch t : n ch t nhm c c u t o ki u m ng l p ph ng tm di n.
II. Tnh cht vt l
- Nhm l kim loi mu trng bc, mm, d ko si v dt mng. C th dt c l nhm
mng 0,01mm.
- Nhm l kim loi nh (2,7 g/cm3), nng chy 660oC.
- Nhm dn in v nhit tt. dn nhit bng 2/3 ng nhng li nh hn ng (8,92 g/cm3)
3 ln. dn in ca nhm hn st 3 ln.
II. Tnh cht ha hc
Nhm c th in cc chun nh so vi nhiu kim loi khc ( E o Al3+ = -1,66V). Mt khc,
Al
nguyn t nhm c nng lng ion ho thp. Do vy nhm l kim loi c tnh kh mnh. Tnh kh
ca nhm yu hn cc kim loi kim v kim loi kim th.
Nhm tc dng trc tip v mnh vi nhiu phi kim nh O2, Cl2, S, ...
V d : Khi t nng, bt nhm chy sng trong khng kh
o
t
4Al + 3O2 2Al2O3
Nhm bn trong khng kh nhit thng do c mng oxit Al2O3 rt mng, mn v bn chc
bo v.
Bt nhm t bc chy khi tip xc vi kh clo :
2Al + 3Cl2 2AlCl3
2. Tc dng vi axit
Th in cc chun ca nhm E o Al3+ = -1,66V. Nhm kh d dng cc ion H+ ca dung dch
Al
axit, nh HCl v H2SO4 long, gii phng H2 :
2Al + 6HCl 2AlCl3 + 3H2
2Al + 6H+ 2Al3+ + 3H2
+5 +6
Nhm kh mnh N trong dung dch HNO3 long hoc c, nng v S trong dung dch H2SO4
c, nng xung s oxi ho thp hn.
o
t
4Al + 4HNO3 long Al(NO3)3 + NO + 2H2O
o
t
2Al + 6H2SO4 c Al2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O

Nhm khng tc dng vi H2SO4 v HNO3 c, ngui. Nhng axit ny oxi ho b mt kim
loi to thnh mt mng oxit c tnh tr, lm cho nhm th ng. Nhm b th ng s khng tc
dng vi cc dung dch HCl, H2SO4 long.
3. Tc dng vi oxit kim loi
nhit cao, Al kh c nhiu oxit kim loi nh Fe2O3, Cr2O3,... thnh kim loi t do.
o
t
2Al + Fe2O3 Al2O3 + 2Fe
4. Tc dng vi nc
Th in cc chun ca nc ( E o H2O ) cao hn so vi th in cc chun ca nhm ( E o Al3+ )
H2 Al
nn nhm c th kh c nc, gii phng kh hiro :

2Al + 6H2O 2Al(OH)3 + 3H2
Phn ng trn nhanh chng dng li v lp Al(OH)3 khng tan trong nc ngn cn khng
cho nhm tip xc vi nc.
5. Tc dng vi dung dch kim
Nhng vt bng nhm b ho tan trong dung dch kim nh NaOH, Ca(OH)2,... Hin tng
ny c gii thch nh sau :
Trc ht, mng bo v l Al2O3 b ph hu trong dung dch kim :
Al2O3 + NaOH + 3H2O 2Na [ Al(OH)4 ]
Natri aluminat
Tip n, kim loi nhm kh H2O :
2Al + 6H2O 2Al(OH)3 + 3H2
Mng Al(OH)3 b ph hu trong dung dch baz :
Al(OH)3 + NaOH Na [ Al(OH)4 ]
Cc phn ng (2) v (3) xy ra lun phin nhau cho n khi nhm b tan ht. Hai phng trnh
ho hc ca hai phn ng trn c th vit gp vo mt phng trnh ho hc nh sau :
2Al + 2NaOH + 6H2O 2Na [ Al(OH)4 ] (dd) + 3H2
IV. ng dng v sn xut
1. ng dng
Nhm v hp kim nhm c c tnh nh, bn i vi khng kh v nc, c dng lm vt liu
ch to my bay, t, tn la, tu v tr.
Nhm v hp kim nhm c mu trng bc, p, c dng lm khung ca v trang tr ni tht.
Nhm c tnh dn in, dn nhit tt, c dng lm dy cp dn in thay th cho ng l kim
loi t tin. Nhm c dng ch to cc thit b trao i nhit, cc dng c un nu trong gia
nh.
Bt nhm dng ch to hn hp tecmit (hn hp bt Al v Fe2O3), c dng hn gn
ng ray,...
2. Sn xut
Trong cng nghip, nhm c sn xut t qung boxit bng phng php in phn. Hai cng
on chnh ca qu trnh sn xut l :
Cng on tinh ch qung boxit : Ngoi thnh phn chnh l Al2O3.2H2O, trong qung boxit cn
c tp cht l SiO2 v Fe2O3. Bng phng php ho hc, ngi ta loi b cc tp cht c Al2O3
nguyn cht.

Cng on in phn Al2O3 nng chy : h nhit nng chy ca Al2O3 t 2050oC xung
o
900 C, ngi ta ho tan Al2O3 trong criolit (Na3AlF6) nng chy. Vic lm ny mt mt tit kim
nng lng ng thi to c cht lng c tnh dn in tt hn Al2O3 nng chy, mt khc hn
hp cht in li ny c khi lng ring nh hn nhm, ni ln trn v ngn cn Al nng chy
khng b oxi ho trong khng kh.
Thng in phn c cc m (catot) l tm than ch y thng. Cc dng (anot) l nhng khi
than ch c th chuyn ng theo phng thng ng.
cc m xy ra s kh ion Al3+ thnh kim loi Al :
Al3+ + 3e Al
cc dng xy ra s oxi ho cc ion O2 thnh kh O2 :
2O2 O2 + 4e
Phng trnh in phn Al2O3 nng chy :
pnc
2Al2O3 4Al + 3O2
Kh oxi sinh ra cc dng t chy dn dn than ch sinh ra CO2. Do vy trong qu trnh in
phn phi h thp dn cc cc dng vo thng in phn.
c c 1 kg nhm cn khong : 2kg Al2O3, 0,5 kg C tiu hao cc dng, 8 10 kWh
in nng.
PHN 2 : MT S HP CHT QUAN TRNG CA NHM
I. Nhm oxit
1. Tnh cht vt l v trng thi t nhin
Nhm oxit l cht rn mu trng, khng tc dng vi nc v khng tan trong nc. Nng chy
2050oC.
Trong t nhin, nhm oxit tn ti c dng ngm nc v dng khan :
Dng ngm nc nh boxit Al2O3.2H2O l nguyn liu quan trng sn xut nhm.
Dng khan nh emeri, c cng cao, dng lm mi. Corinon l ngc thch rt cng, cu
to tinh th trong sut, khng mu. Corinon thng c mu l do ln mt s tp cht oxit kim loi.
Nu tp cht l Cr2O3, ngc c mu tn l rubi, nu tp cht l TiO2 v Fe3O4, ngc c mu xanh
tn l saphia.
Rubi v saphia nhn to c ch to bng cch nung nng hn hp nhm oxit vi Cr2O3 hoc
TiO2 v Fe3O4.
2. Tnh cht ho hc
a. Tnh bn
Ion Al3+ c in tch ln (3+) v bn knh ion nh (0,048 nm) bng 1/2 bn knh ion Na+ hoc
2/3 bn knh ion Mg2+ nn lc ht gia ion Al3+ v ion O2 rt mnh, to ra lin kt rt bn vng.
Do cu trc ny m Al2O3 c nhit nng chy rt cao (2050oC) v kh b kh thnh kim loi Al.
b. Tnh lng tnh
Al2O3 c tnh lng tnh : tc dng c vi dung dch axit v dung dch kim.
Al2O3 th hin tnh baz :
Al2O3 + 6HCl 2AlCl3 + 3H2O
Al2O3 + 6H+ 2Al3+ + 3H2O

Al2O3 th hin tnh axit :

Al2O3 + 2NaOH + 3H2O 2Na [ Al(OH)4 ]
Al2O3 + 2OH + 3H2O 2 [ Al(OH)4 ]
c. ng dng
Tinh th Al2O3 (corinon) c dng lm trang sc, ch to cc chi tit trong cc ngnh k
thut chnh xc, nh chn knh ng h, thit b pht tia lade,...
Bt Al2O3 c cng cao c dng lm vt liu mi.
Boxit Al2O3.2H2O l nguyn liu sn xut nhm kim loi.
II. Nhm hiroxit
1. Tnh cht ho hc
a. Tnh khng bn vi nhit
o
t
2Al(OH)3 Al2O3 + 3H2O
b. Tnh lng tnh
- Tnh baz
Al(OH)3 + 3HCl AlCl3 + 3H2O
Al(OH)3 + 3H+ Al3+ + 3H2O
- Tnh axit
Al(OH)3 + NaOH Na [ Al(OH)4 ]
Al(OH)3 + OH [ Al(OH)4 ]
III. Nhm sunfat
Mui nhm c nhiu ng dng quan trng l mui sunfat kp kali v nhm ngm nc, trn th
trng c tn l phn chua. Cng thc ho hc l K2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O, vit gn l
KAl(SO4)2.12H2O.
Trong cng thc ho hc trn, nu thay ion K+ bng Li+, Na+ hay NH4+ ta c cc mui kp
khc c tn chung l phn nhm (khng gi l phn chua).
Phn chua c dng trong ngnh thuc da, cng nghip giy (lm cho giy khng thm nc),
cht cm mu trong cng nghip nhum vi, cht lm trong nc c,...
IV. Cch nhn bit cation Al3+ trong dung dch
Cho t t dung dch NaOH n d vo dung dch th nghim, nu thy c kt ta keo xut hin
3+
ri tan trong NaOH d th chng t c ion Al .
Al3+ + 3OH
Al(OH)3
Al(OH)3 + OH (d)
AlO2 + 2H2O
Mt s hp kim ca nhm
ng dng Du hiu
Hp kim Thnh phn Tnh cht
ch to nhn ra
94% Al, 4% Cu Bn hn Al
uyra My bay, t (c mt Cu)
(Mn, Mg, Si) 4 ln
Nh, bn, Cu to b Tan hon ton trong xt
Silumin Al, Si (10 14%)
n khun phn my
98%Al in tr nh, dai, Tnh cht
Almelec dy cp in
(Mg, Si, Fe) bn hn nhm ng dng
Mg (83,3%) Nh, bn Tu v tr,
Electron % Al thp
Al, Zn, Mn chu v chm v tinh

B. PHNG PHP GII BI TP V NHM V HP CHT CA NHM
I. Kim loi nhm

Phng php gii
Bn cht phn ng ca kim loi nhm vi cc cht (phi kim; dung dch : kim, axit, mui; phn
ng nhit nhm...) l phn ng oxi ha - kh.
Phng php gii cc bi tp dng ny ch yu l s dng nh lut bo ton electron. Ngoi ra
c th s dng nh lut bo ton khi lng, bo ton nguyn t, bo ton in tch, phng php
ng cho v tnh ton theo phng trnh phn ng.
Lu :
- Trong phn ng ca kim loi Mg, Al, Zn vi dung dch HNO3 long th ngoi nhng sn
phm kh l kh N2, N2O, NO th trong dung dch cn c th c mt sn phm kh khc l mui
NH4NO3. tnh ton chnh xc kt qu ca bi ton ta phi kim tra xem phn ng c to ra
NH4NO3 hay khng v s mol NH4NO3 to ra l bao nhiu ri sau p dng nh lut bo
ton electron tm ra kt qu (Xem cc v d 9 12 phn 3).
Cc v d minh ha
1. Nhm tc dng vi phi kim
V d 1: Cho 2,13 gam hn hp X gm ba kim loi Mg, Cu v Al dng bt tc dng hon ton vi
oxi thu c hn hp Y gm cc oxit c khi lng 3,33 gam. Th tch dung dch HCl 2M va
phn ng ht vi Y l :
A. 57 ml. B. 50 ml. C. 75 ml. D. 90 ml.
Hng dn gii
Thay cc kim loi Cu, Mg, Al bng mt kim loi M.
S phn ng :
M
O2
M 2 O n
HCl
MCl n
1, 2
m M + m O2 = m M2 On m O2 = 3,33 2,13 = 1, 2 gam n O2 = n O = 2n O2 = 2. = 0, 075 mol.
32
p dng nh lut bo ton in tch cho phn t oxit v mui clorua ta c :
n.n M n+ = 2.n O2
1.n Cl = 2.n O2 = 0,15 mol n HCl = n Cl = 0,15 mol.
n.n M n+ = 1.n Cl
(n l ha tr ca M cng l gi tr in tch ca Mn+)
0,15
Vy th tch HCl cn dng l : VHCl = = 0, 075 lt = 75 ml.
2
p n C.

V d 2: Oxi ho 7,56 gam hn hp X gm Mg v Al, c khi lng mol trung bnh l 25,2 g/mol
bng mt lng va hn hp kh Cl2 v O2 (ktc), c t khi so vi hiro l 20,756, thu c hn
hp Y. ho tan ht hn hp Y cn ti thiu bao nhiu gam dung dch HCl 18,25% (gi s lng
mui ho tan trong dung dch sau phn ng khng vt qu tan) ?
Hng dn gii
Theo gi thit v p dng nh lut bo ton electron ta c :
27.n Al + 24.n Mg = 7,56
n Al = 0,12
27.n Al + 24.n Mg
n +n = 25,2 n Mg = 0,18
Al Mg
2.n Cl + 4.n O = 3.n Al + 2.n Mg

n Cl2 = 0, 05
2 2
71.n Cl2
+ 32.n O2

= 20, 756.2 n O2 = 0,155
n Cl2 + n O2
Al O , MgO
Hn hp Y gm 2 3
AlCl3 , MgCl2
Ha tan Y bng dung dch HCl s thu c dung dch AlCl3 v MgCl2. p dng nh lut bo
ton in tch v bo ton nguyn t ta c : S mol HCl dng ha tan Al2O3 v MgO = s mol
Cl- = 2 ln s mol O2- = 4 ln s mol O2 = 0,155.4 = 0,62 mol. Khi lng HCl 18,25% cn dng l
0,62.36,5
= 124 gam.
18,25%
p n C.
2. Nhm tc dng vi dung dch kim v dung dch mui nitrat trong mi trng kim
V d 1: Hn hp X gm Na v Al. Cho m gam X vo mt lng d nc th thot ra V lt kh. Nu
lng ca Na trong X l (bit cc th tch kh o trong cng iu kin) :
A. 41,94%. B. 77,31%. C. 49,87%. D. 29,87%.
Hng dn gii
X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d thu c lng kh nhiu hn so vi khi X tc dng vi
H2O, chng t khi X tc dng vi H2O th Al cn d, dung dch sau phn ng cha NaAlO2.
i vi cc cht kh th t l th tch cng chnh l t l mol nn cn c vo gi thit ta chn s
mol H2 gii phng hai trng hp ln lt l 1 mol v 1,75 mol.
t s mol ca Na v Al tham gia phn ng vi H2O l x mol.
1.n Na + 3.n Al = 2.n H2 1.x + 3.x = 2.1 x = 0,5
t s mol Al ban u l y, khi X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d th Al phn ng ht.
1.n Na + 3.n Al = 2.n H2 1.0,5 + 3.y = 2.1,75 y = 1
0,5.23
Thnh phn phn trm theo khi lng ca Na trong X l : .100% = 29,87% .
0, 5.23 + 1.27
p n D.

V d 2: Chia hn hp X gm K, Al v Fe thnh hai phn bng nhau :

A. 0,39 ; 0,54 ; 1,40. B. 0,78 ; 0,54 ; 1,12. C. 0,39 ; 0,54 ; 0,56. D. 0,78 ; 1,08 ; 0,56.
Hng dn gii
phn 2, khi hn hp phn ng vi nc, kh thot ra t hn phn 1 l v nhm cha phn
ng ht, dung dch thu c khi cho phn 2 tc dng vi nc ch cha KAlO2 (x mol).
p dng bo ton electron ta c : n K + 3n Al = 2n H x + 3x = 0, 04 x = 0, 01 .
2
phn 1, Al phn ng ht vi kim d, gi s mol ca nhm l y mol.

p dng bo ton electron ta c : n K + 3n Al = 2n H x + 3y = 0, 07 y = 0, 02
2
phn 2, gi s mol ca Fe l z mol.

n K + 3n Al + 2n Fe = 2. n H x + 3y + 2z = 2(0, 02 + 0, 025) z = 0, 01.
2
Khi lng (gam) ca K, Al, Fe trong mi phn hn hp X ln lt l : 0,39; 0,54; 0,56.

p n C.
V d 3: Cho 48,6 gam Al vo 450 ml dung dch gm KNO3 1M, KOH 3M sau phn ng hon ton
th tch kh thot ra ktc l :
A. 30,24 lt. B. 10,08 lt. C. 40,32 lt. D. 45,34 lt.
Hng dn gii
Theo gi thit ta c :
46,8
n Al = = 1,8 mol, n NO = n KNO3 = 0, 45 mol, n OH = n KOH = 1,35 mol.
27 3
Phng trnh phn ng :

8Al + 3NO3- + 5OH- + 2H2O 8AlO2- + 3NH3 (1)
mol: 1,2 0,45 0,75 0,45
- -
2Al + 2OH + 2H2O 2AlO2 + 3H2 (2)
mol: 0,6 0,6 0,9
Theo gi thit v phn ng (1) ta thy : Sau phn ng (1) Al cn d l 0,6 mol v OH- d l 0,6
mol nn tip tc xy ra phn ng (2).
Theo (1) v (2) ta suy ra kh thu c gm NH3 v H2. Th tch ca hn hp kh l :
V( NH3 , H2 ) = (0, 45 + 0,9).22, 4 = 30, 24 lt.
p n A.
3. Nhm tc dng vi dung dch axit
V d 1: Cho m gam mt khi Al hnh cu c bn knh l R vo 1,05 lt dung dch H2SO4 0,1M.
Bit rng sau khi phn ng hon ton khi cu cn li c bn knh l R/2. Gi tr ca m l :
Hng dn gii
4
Th tch khi cu Al trc phn ng l V1 = R 3
3
3
4 R
Th tch khi cu Al sau phn ng l V2 =
3 2
V1 7V1
Suy ra V1 = 8V2, lng nhm phn ng tng ng vi th tch l V1 V2 = V1 = .
8 8
Phng trnh phn ng :
2Al + 3H2SO4 Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2 (1)
mol: 0,07 0,105
7V1
Nh vy ng vi th tch l th lng nhm phn ng l 0,07 mol nn ng vi th tch ban
8
u l V1 th lng Al l 0,08 mol. Khi lng nhm ban u l 0,08.27 = 2,16 gam.
p n A.
V d 2: Cho m gam hn hp Al, Al2O3, Al(OH)3 tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 19,6% va thu
c dung dch X c nng l 21,302% v 3,36 lt H2 (ktc). C cn dung dch X thu c 80,37
gam mui khan. m c gi tr l :
Hng dn gii
Theo gi thit ta c :
m dd Al = 377,29 gam.
2 (SO 4 )3
n Al = 0,235 mol n H SO = 0,705 mol m dd H SO = 352,5 gam.

2 (SO4 )3 2 4 2 4
n H = 0,15 mol m H = 0,3 gam.

2 2

m (Al, Al(OH) , Al O ) + m dd H SO = m dd Al + mH
3 2 3 2 4 2 (SO 4 )3 2
m = 377,29 + 0,3 352,5 = 25,09 gam.

p n A.
V d 3: Ha tan hon ton m gam Al trong dung dch HNO3 long thu c 1,12 lt hn hp X
gm 3 kh NO, N2O, N2 c t l s mol l: 1 : 2 : 2. Gi tr ca m l :
Hng dn gii
Theo gi thit ta c : n ( NO, N 2 , N 2O) = 0, 05 mol.
Mt khc, t l mol ca 3 kh NO, N2O, N2 l 1 : 2 : 2 nn suy ra :
nNO = 0,01 mol ; n N2O = 0,02 mol v n N 2 = 0,02 mol.
Cc qu trnh oxi ha kh :
Al Al+3 + 3e
N+5 + 3e N+2 (NO)
2N+5 + 8e 2N+1 (N2O)
2N5+ + 10e N2o
3.n Al = 10.n N 2 + 8.n N 2O + 3.n NO n Al = 0,13 mol m Al = 3,51 gam.
p n B.

V d 4: Ha tan 15 gam hn hp X gm hai kim loi Mg v Al vo dung dch Y gm HNO3 v

H2SO4 c thu c 0,1 mol mi kh SO2, NO, NO2, N2O. Phn trm khi lng ca Al v Mg
trong X ln lt l :
A. 63% v 37%. B. 36% v 64%. C. 50% v 50%. D. 46% v 54%.
Hng dn gii
Theo gi thit v p dng nh lut bo ton electron ta c :
27.n Al + 24.n Mg = 15 n Al = 0,2

3.n Al + 2.n Mg = 2.n SO2 + 1.n NO2 + 3.n NO + 8.n N2O n Mg = 0,4
27.0, 2
%Al = .100% = 36%; %Mg = 100% 36% = 64%.
15
p n B.
V d 5: Ha tan 4,59 gam Al bng dung dch HNO3 thu c hn hp kh NO v N2O c t khi
hi i vi hiro bng 16,75. Th tch NO v N2O thu c ln lt l :
A. 2,24 lt v 6,72 lt. B. 2,016 lt v 0,672 lt.
C. 0,672 lt v 2,016 lt. D. 1,972 lt v 0,448 lt.
Hng dn gii
p dng s ng cho cho hn hp N2O v NO ta c :
n 44 33,5 30 = 3,5
N2 O n N2O 3,5 1
33,5 = =
n NO 10, 5 3
n NO 30 44 33,5 = 10,5
t n N2O = x mol; n NO = 3x mol.
3. n NO + 8. n N2O = 3. n Al 9x + 8x = 3.0,17 x = 0,03
Th tch NO v N2O thu c l :
VNO = 3.0, 03.22, 4 = 2, 016 lt ; VN2O = 0, 03.22, 4 = 0, 672 lt.
p n B.
V d 6: Ha tan 10,71 gam hn hp gm Al, Zn, Fe trong 4 lt dung dch HNO3 aM va thu
c dung dch A (khng cha mui NH4NO3) v 1,792 lt hn hp kh gm N2 v N2O c t l mol
1:1. C cn dung dch A thu c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m, a l :
A. 55,35 gam v 2,2M. B. 55,35 gam v 0,22M.
C. 53,55 gam v 2,2M. D. 53,55 gam v 0,22M.
Hng dn gii
1, 792
n N2 O = n N 2 = = 0, 04 mol.
2.22, 4
Cc qu trnh kh :
2NO3 + 12H+ + 10e N2 + 6H2O
mol: 0,08 0,48 0,04
+
2NO3 + 10H + 8e N2O + 5H2O
mol: 0,08 0,4 0,04

0,88
n HNO3 = n H + = 0,88 mol a = = 0,22 M.
4
S mol NO3 to mui bng 0,88 (0,08 + 0,08) = 0,72 mol.
Khi lng mui bng 10,71 + 0,72.62 = 55,35 gam.
p n B.
V d 7: Cho 13,5 gam nhm tc dng va vi 2,5 lt dung dch HNO3, phn ng to ra mui
nhm v mt hn hp kh gm NO v N2O. Tnh nng mol ca dung dch HNO3. Bit rng t
khi ca hn hp kh i vi hiro bng 19,2.
A. 0,95. B. 0,86. C. 0,76. D. 0,9.
Hng dn gii
n N 2O 38, 4 30 8, 4 3
= = =
n NO 44 38, 4 5, 6 2
t s mol ca NO v N2O l 2x v 3x, p dng nh lut bo ton electron ta c :
13,5
3.n Al = 3.n NO + 8.n N2O 3. = 3.2x + 8.3x x = 0, 05
27
Vy s mol HNO3 l : n HNO3 = nelectron trao i + nN trong cc sn phm kh
13,5 1,9
= 3. + (2.0, 05 + 3.0, 05.2) = 1,9 mol V = = 0, 76 lt.
27 2,5
p n C.
V d 8: Cho 3 kim loi Al, Fe, Cu vo 2 lt dung dch HNO3 phn ng va thu c 1,792 lt
kh X (ktc) gm N2 v NO2 c t khi hi so vi He bng 9,25. Nng mol/lt HNO3 trong dung
dch u l :
A. 0,28M. B. 1,4M. C. 1,7M. D. 1,2M.
Hng dn gii
n NO2 37 28 9 1
= = =
n N2 46 37 9 1
s mol ca NO2 v N2 bng nhau v bng 0,04 mol.
Vy s mol HNO3 l :
n HNO3 = nelectron trao i + nN trong cc sn phm kh = (0,04.1 + 0,04.10) + 0,04 + 0,04.2 = 0,56 mol
0, 56
Nng mol/lt ca dung dch HNO3 l = 0, 28M .
2
p n A.
V d 9: Cho hn hp A gm 0,200 mol Al, 0,350 mol Fe phn ng ht vi V lt dung dch HNO3
loi. Gi tr V l :
A. 1,200. B. 1,480. C. 1,605. D. 1,855.
Hng dn gii
Ta thy 2,8 gam kim loi cn d l Fe v vy trong dung dch ch cha mui st(II).
nFe p =0,35 0,05 = 0,3 mol.
ne cho = 0,2.3 +0,3.2 = 1,2 mol ; ne nhn = 0,05.8 + 0,04.10 = 0,8 mol < 1,2 mol nn phn ng
1, 2 0,8
to ra NH4NO3. S mol ca NH4NO3 = = 0,05 mol.
8
Vy s mol HNO3 l :
n HNO3 = nelectron trao i + nN trong cc sn phm kh = 1,2 + 0,05.2 + 0,04.2 + 0,05.2 = 1,48 mol.
V = 1,48 lt.
p n B.
V d 10: Ha tan 30 gam hn hp gm Al, Zn, Mg trong dung dch HNO3 d. Sau phn ng thu
A. 1,7. B. 1,4. C. 1,9. D. 1,8.
Hng dn gii
Gi s phn ng c to ra mui NH4NO3 vi s mol l x.
Ta c :
m Chat ran = m muoi ntrat kim loai + m NH NO = (m kim loai + m NO tao muoi ) + m NH NO
4 3 3 4 3
= (m kim loai + 62.n electron trao oi ) + m NH NO

4 3
127 = 30 + (0,1.3 + 0,1.8 + 8x).62 + 80x x = 0, 05

Vy s mol HNO3 phn ng l :
n HNO = n electron trao oi + n N trong cac san pham kh =
3
= (0,1.3 + 0,1.8 + 0, 05.8) + (0,1 + 0,1.2 + 0, 05.2) = 1,9 mol.

p n C.
V d 11: Ha tan hon ton 5,525 gam mt kim loi trong dung dch HNO3 long c duy nht
phn ng.
A. 0,17. B. 0,425. C. 0,85. D. 0,2125.
Hng dn gii
Theo gi thit suy ra kim loi phn ng vi HNO3 to ra mui amoni, ta c :
m Chat ran = m muoi ntrat kim loai + m NH NO = (m kim loai + m NO tao muoi ) + m NH NO =
4 3 3 4 3
n electron trao oi
(m kim loai + 62.n electron trao oi ) + .80
8
n electron trao oi
17, 765 = 5,525 + 62.n electron trao oi + .80 n electron trao oi = 0,17 mol
8
0,17
n HNO = n N + nN = 0,17 + .2 = 0,2125 mol.
3
muoi nitrat kim loai muoi amoni nitrat 8
p n D.

V d 12: Cho 29 gam hn hp gm Al, Cu v Ag tc dng va vi 950 ml dung dch HNO3

A. 98,20. B. 97,20. C. 98,75. D. 91,00.
Hng dn gii
n NO + n N O = 0,25 n NO = 0,2
Hn hp kh X: 2

30.n NO + 44.n N2O = 16,4.2.0,25 n N2O = 0,05
n HNO p
= n NO (muoi nitrat kim loai ) + n N (cac san pham kh ) =
3 3
(3.n NO + 8.n N O + 8.n NH NO ) + (n NO + 2.n N O + 2.n NH NO )

2 4 3 2 4 3
= 4.n NO + 10.n N O + 10.n NH NO = 4.0,2 + 10.0, 05 + 10.n NH NO = 1,425 mol

2 4 3 4 3
n NH NO = 0, 0125 mol.
4 3
Ta c: n HNO p = 2.n H O + 4.n NH NO n H O = (1, 425 4.0, 0125) / 2 = 0,6875 mol

3 2 4 3 2
Bo ton khi lng : 29 + 1,425.63 = m + 16,4.2.0,25 + 18.0,6875 m = 98,20 gam.

p n A.
V d 13: Khi cho 7,2 gam Al tc dng ht vi dung dch H2SO4 m c, thy c 49 gam H2SO4
tham gia phn ng, to mui Al2(SO4 )3, H2O v sn phm kh X. X l :
A. SO2. B. S. C. H2S. D. SO2, H2S.
Hng dn gii
4 4
S mol ca Al l mol S mol ca Al2(SO4 )3 l mol
15 30
4
s mol SO42- trong mui l 3. = 0, 4 mol.
30
S mol SO42- tham gia to sn phm kh X bng s mol ca X = 0,5 0, 4 = 0,1 mol.
Gi n l s electron m S+6 nhn vo to ra sn phm kh X, p dng nh lut bo ton
electron ta c :
7,2
3.n Al = n.n X 3. = 0,1n n = 8 S+6 + 8e S2 .
27
Vy X l H2S.
p n C.
V d 14: Chia 38,6 gam hn hp gm Fe v kim loi M c ha tr duy nht thnh 2 phn bng
nhau :
Phn 1: Tan va trong 2 lt dung dch thy thot ra 14,56 lt H2 (ktc).
Phn 2: Tan hon ton trong dung dch HNO3 long, nng thy thot ra 11,2 lt kh NO duy nht
(ktc). Kim loi M l :
A. Zn. B. Mg. C. Pb. D. Al.
Hng dn gii
p dng nh lut bo ton electron :
- Cho trng hp phn ng vi HCl ta c :
2.nFe + n.nM = 2. n H2 2x + ny = 1,3

- Cho trng hp phn ng vi HNO3 ta c :

3.nFe + n.nM = 3. n NO 3x + ny = 1,5
2x + ny = 1,3 x = 0, 2

Kt hp vi gi thit ta c h : 3x + ny = 1,5 ny = 0,9 M = 9n M l Al.
56x + My = 19,3 My = 8,1

(n l ha tr ca M)
p n D.
V d 15: Ha tan m gam hn hp A gm Fe v mt kim loi M (c ha tr khng i) trong dung
dch HCl d th thu c 1,008 lt kh (ktc) v dung dch cha 4,575 gam mui khan. Ha tan ht
cng lng hn hp A trn trong dung dch hn hp HNO3 c v H2SO4 nhit thch hp th
thu c 1,8816 lt hn hp hai kh (ktc) c t khi so vi H2 l 25,25. Tn kim loi m l :
A. Fe. B. Mg. C. Ca. D. Al.
Hng dn gii
Ta c : n Cl = 2n H = 0, 09 mol m (Fe, M) = 4,575 0, 09.35,5 = 1,38 gam.
2
Hn hp hai kh chc chn c cha NO2, mt khc khi lng mol trung bnh ca hai kh l
n NO + n SO = 0, 084
2 n NO = 0, 063
2
50,5 nn kh cn li l SO2. Ta c : 46n NO2 + 64n SO2 2

= 50,5 n SO2 = 0, 021
n NO2
+ n SO2
Theo gi thit v theo nh lut bo ton electron ta c :

M.n + 56.n = 1,38 n Fe = 0, 015
M Fe
M
n.n M + 2.n Fe = 2.n H2 n.n M = 0, 06 = 9 M la Al.
M.n = 0,54 n
n.n M + 3.n Fe = n NO2 + 2n SO2 M
p n D.
5. Nhm tc dng vi oxit kim loi (phn ng nhit nhm)
V d 1: Nung nng m gam hn hp gm Al v Fe3O4 trong iu kin khng c khng kh. Sau khi
phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c hn hp rn X. Cho X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH (d) thu
c dung dch Y, cht rn Z v 3,36 lt kh H2 (ktc). Sc kh CO2 (d) vo dung dch Y, thu c
39 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l :
A. 48,3. B. 45,6. C. 36,7. D. 57,0.
Hng dn gii
Hn hp sau phn ng nhit nhm tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH nn Al d, Fe3O4 phn
ng ht.
nAl ban u = n Al(OH)3 = 0, 5 mol
3.nAl d = 2. n H2 nAl d = 0,1 mol nAl phn vi oxit st = 0,5 0,1 = 0,4 mol.
3.nAl phn vi oxit st = 8. n Fe3O4 n Fe3O4 = 0,15 mol.
Gi tr ca m l : 0,15.232 + 0,5.27 = 48,3 gam.
p n A.

V d 2: Thc hin cc phn ng nhit nhm hn hp gm m gam Al v 4,56 gam Cr2O3 (trong
iu kin khng c O2), sau khi phn ng kt thc, thu c hn hp X. Cho ton b X vo mt
lng d dung dch HCl (long, nng), sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 2,016 lt
H2 (ktc). Cn nu cho ton b X vo mt lng d dung dch NaOH (c, nng), sau khi phn ng
kt thc th s mol NaOH phn ng l :
Hng dn gii
Gi s phn ng xy ra va th s mol H2 = s mol Cr = 0,06 mol, nhng s mol H2 gii
phng = 0,09 mol, suy ra nhm cn d.
p dng bo ton electron :
+ Khi nhm phn ng vi Cr2O3 : 3.n Al (p ) = 6.n Cr O n Al (p ) = 0, 06 mol.
2 3
+ Khi nhm d, Cr v Al2O3 phn ng vi HCl : 3n Al d + 2n Cr = 2n H n Al d = 0, 02 mol.

2
Vy tng s mol Al l 0,08 mol. Sau tt c cc phn ng Al chuyn thnh NaAlO2 nn suy ra s
mol NaOH = s mol NaAlO2 = s mol Al = 0,08 mol.
p n C.
II. Hp cht ca nhm
1. Phn ng ca dung dch cha cc ion H + , M n + vi dung dch cha ion OH (vi M l cc
kim loi t Mg 2+ tr v cui dy in ha)
Phng php gii

- Th t phn ng : Phn ng trung ha xy ra trc, phn ng to kt ta xy ra sau :
H+ + OH- H2O
M n + + nOH M (OH ) n
- Nu M (OH )n c tnh lng tnh v OH cn d th s c phn ng ha tan kt ta :
M (OH ) n + (4 n)OH [ M (OH ) 4 ]

(4 n )
(Vi M l Al, Zn)

tm. tng tc tnh ton ta nn s dng nh lut bo ton in tch (xem v d 6 9), bo
ton nguyn t, nhm nguyn t (xem v d 10).
Cc v d minh ha
V d 1: Nh t t 0,25 lt dung dch NaOH 1,04M vo dung dch gm 0,024 mol FeCl3; 0,016 mol
Al2(SO4)3 v 0,04 mol H2SO4 thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l :
A. 2,568. B. 4,128. C. 1,560. D. 5,064.
Hng dn gii
nNaOH = 0,26 mol ; n Al3+ = 0,032 mol ; n H+ = 0,08 mol ; n Fe3+ = 0,024 mol
Phng trnh phn ng:
H+ + OH- H2O
mol: 0,08 0,08
Fe3+ + 3OH- Fe(OH)3
mol: 0,024 3.0,024 0,024

Al3+ + 3OH- Al(OH)3

mol: 0,032 3.0,032 0,032
Al(OH)3 + OH- [Al(OH)4]-
mol: 0,012 0,012
Theo gi thit v cc phn ng, ta thy khi lng kt ta thu c sau phn ng l :
m = 107.0,024 + (0,032 - 0,012.78) = 4,128 gam.
p n B.
V d 2: Ha tan ht hn hp gm mt kim loi kim v mt kim loi kim th trong nc c
dung dch A v c 1,12 lt H2 bay ra (ktc). Cho dung dch cha 0,03 mol AlCl3 vo dung dch A
th khi lng kt ta thu c l :
Hng dn gii
Phn ng ca kim loi kim v kim loi kim th vi H2O :
2M + 2nH2O 2Mn+ + 2nOH- + nH 2
T phng trnh ta c:
n OH = 2n H 2 = 0,1 mol.
Dung dch A tc dng vi 0,03 mol dung dch AlCl3:
Al3+ + 3OH Al(OH)3
mol: 0,03 0,09 0,03
Al(OH)3 + OH AlO2 + 2H2O
mol: 0,01 0,01
Vy: m Al(OH )3 = 78.(0,03 0,01) = 1,56 gam.
p n B.
V d 3: Ha tan hon ton 7,74 gam mt hn hp gm Mg, Al bng 500 ml dung dch gm H2SO4
0,28M v HCl 1M thu c 8,736 lt H2 (ktc) v dung dch X. Thm V lt dung dch cha ng
thi NaOH 1M v Ba(OH)2 0,5M vo dung dch X thu c lng kt ta ln nht.
a. S gam mui thu c trong dung dch X l :
b. Th tch V l :
A. 0,39 lt. B. 0,4 lt. C. 0,41 lt. D. 0,42 lt.
c. Lng kt ta l :
Hng dn gii
a. Xc nh khi lng mui thu c trong dung dch X:
Phng trnh ion rt gn:
Mg + 2H+ Mg2+ + H2 (1)
+ 3+
2Al + 6H 2Al + 3H2 (2)
n H 2SO4 = 0,28.0,5 = 0,14 mol n SO2 = 0,14 mol v n H + = 0,28 mol.
4
nHCl = 0,5 mol n H + = 0,5 mol v n Cl = 0,5 mol.

Vy tng n H + = 0,28 + 0,5 = 0,78 mol.

1
Theo gi thit n H2 = 0,39 mol = . n + nn suy ra phn ng xy ra va
2 H
mhh mui = mhh kim loi + mSO2 + mCl = 7,74 + 0,14.96 + 0,5.35,5 = 38,93 gam.
4
p n A.
b. Xc nh th tch V:
n NaOH = 1V mol
Tng n OH = 2V mol v n Ba 2 + = 0,5V mol.
n Ba(OH )2 = 0,5V mol
Phng trnh to kt ta:
Ba2+ + SO42 BaSO4 (3)
mol: 0,5V 0,14
Mg2+ + 2OH Mg(OH)2 (4)
3+
Al + 3OH Al(OH)3 (5)

kt ta t ln nht th s mol OH kt ta ht cc ion Mg2+ v Al3+. Theo cc phng
trnh phn ng (1), (2), (4), (5) ta c:
n H + = n OH = 0,78 mol
2V = 0,78 V = 0,39 lt.
p n A.
c) Xc nh lng kt ta:
n Ba 2 + = 0,5V = 0,5.0,39 = 0,195 mol > 0,14 mol nn Ba2+ d.
m BaSO4 = 0,14.233 = 32,62 gam.
Vy mkt ta = m BaSO4 + m Mg, Al + m OH = 32,62 + 7,74 + 0,78.17 = 53,62 gam.
p n C.
V d 4: Cho V lt dung dch NaOH 2M vo dung dch cha 0,1 mol Al2(SO4)3 v 0,1 mol H2SO4
n khi phn ng hon ton, thu c 7,8 gam kt ta.
a. Gi tr nh nht ca V thu c lng kt ta trn l :
A. 0,35. B. 0,25. C. 0,45. D. 0,05.
b. Gi tr ln nht ca V thu c lng kt ta trn l :
A. 0,35. B. 0,25. C. 0,45. D. 0,05.
Hng dn gii
a. n Al(OH)3 = 0,1 mol, n H+ = 0,2 mol v n Al3+ = 0,2 mol n Al3+ > n Al(OH)3
Gi tr V nh nht khi Al3+ d.
Cc phng trnh phn ng :
H+ + OH- H2O
mol: 0,2 0,2
Al3+ + 3OH- Al(OH)3
mol: 0,1 0,3 0,1
Tng s mol OH- = 0,5 V = 0,25 lt.
p n B.

b. Gi tr V ln nht khi Al3+ phn ng ht.

Cc phng trnh phn ng:
H+ + OH- H2O
mol: 0,2 0,2
Al3+ + 3OH- Al(OH)3
mol: 0,1 0,3 0,1
Al3+ + 4OH- [Al(OH)4]-
mol: 0,1 0,4
Tng s mol OH- = 0,9 V = 0,45 lt.
p n C.
Nhn xt : Nh vy i vi dng bi tp tnh s mol OH- m n Al 3+ > n Al ( OH )3 , nu bi khng cho
bit thm iu kin g th s c hai trng hp xy ra. Nu bi yu cu tnh lng OH- ti thiu
th ta ch cn xt trng hp Al 3+ d, cn nu bi yu cu tnh lng OH- ti a (hoc cho bit
kt ta to thnh b tan mt phn) th ta ch cn xt trng hp Al 3+ ht.
V d 5: Ha tan ht m gam ZnSO4 vo nc c dung dch X. Cho 110 ml dung dch KOH 2M
vo X, thu c a gam kt ta. Mt khc, nu cho 140 ml dung dch KOH 2M vo X th cng thu
c a gam kt ta.
a. Gi tr ca a l :
A. 10,89. B. 21,78. C. 12,375. D. 17,710.
b. Gi tr ca m l :
A. 20,125. B. 12,375. C. 22,540. D. 17,710.
Hng dn gii
Nhn xt: trng hp th nht s mol ca KOH tham gia phn ng t hn trng hp th
hai, nhng lng kt ta thu c li bng nhau nn ta suy ra : Trng hp th nht ZnSO4 d;
trng hp th hai ZnSO4 phn ng ht to thnh kt ta sau kt ta tan mt phn.
Trng hp 1: Xy ra phn ng
Zn2+ + 2OH- Zn(OH)2
mol: 0,11 0,22 0,11
a = m Zn (OH)2 = 0,11.99 = 10,89 gam.
Trng hp 2: Xy ra cc phn ng
Zn2+ + 2OH- Zn(OH)2
mol: 0,11 0,22 0,11
Zn2+ + 4OH- [Zn(OH)4]2-
mol: 0,015 0,06
m = m ZnSO4 = (0,11 + 0,015).161 = 20,125 gam.
p n: AA.

V d 6: Trn 100 ml dung dch AlCl3 1M vi 200 ml dung dch NaOH 1,8M thu c kt ta A v
dung dch D.
a. Khi lng kt ta A l :
b. Nng mol ca cc cht trong dung dch D l :
A. NaCl 0,2M v NaAlO2 0,6M. B. NaCl 1M v NaAlO2 0,2M.
C. NaCl 1M v NaAlO2 0,6M. D. NaCl 0,2M v NaAlO2 0,4M.
Hng dn gii
Theo gi thit ta c :
n Al3+ = 0,1 mol, n Cl = 3.0,1 = 0,3 mol; n Na + = n OH = 0,2.1,8 = 0,36 mol.
Sau khi phn ng kt thc, kt ta tch ra, phn dung dch cha 0,3 mol Cl trung ho in tch
vi 0,3 mol Na+ cn 0,06 mol Na+ na phi trung ho in tch vi mt anion khc, ch c th l
0,06 mol AlO2 (hay [Al(OH)4]). Suy ra c 0,1 0,06 = 0,04 mol Al3+ tch ra thnh 0,04 mol
Al(OH)3. Kt qu trong dung dch cha 0,3 mol NaCl v 0,06 mol NaAlO2 (hay Na[Al(OH)4]).
a. m Al(OH)3 = 0,04.78 = 3,12 gam
p n A.
0,3 0, 06
b. CM(NaCl) = = 1M, CM(NaAlO2 ) = = 0, 2M .
0,3 0, 3
p n B.
V d 7: Trn dung dch cha a mol AlCl3 vi dung dch cha b mol NaOH. thu c kt ta th
t l gia a v b l :
A. a : b = 1 : 4. B. a : b < 1 : 4. C. a : b = 1 : 5. D. a : b > 1 : 4.
Hng dn gii
Cch 1 : S dng phng trnh phn ng
Phng trnh phn ng :
Al3+ + 4OH- [Al(OH)4]- (1)
mol: a 4a
Theo (1) ta thy n OH 4n Al3+ th khng thu c kt ta. Vy thu c kt ta Al(OH)3 th :
n OH < 4n Al3+ b < 4a a : b > 1: 4.

Cch 2 : S dng nh lut bo ton in tch
Nu phn ng khng c kt ta th dung dch sau phn ng gm cc ion : Na+, Cl-, [Al(OH)4]-,
c th c OH- d.
p dng nh lut bo ton in tch ta c:
n Na+ = n[Al(OH) + nCl + nOH
4] d
a 1 a 1
n Na + n[Al(OH) + n Cl b a +3a =4a hay thu c kt ta th > .
4]
b 4 b 4
p n D.

V d 8: Cho 150 ml dung dch KOH 1,2M tc dng vi 100 ml dung dch AlCl3 nng x mol/l,
thu c dung dch Y v 4,68 gam kt ta. Loi b kt ta, thm tip 175 ml dung dch KOH 1,2M
vo Y, thu c 2,34 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca x l :
A. 1,2. B. 0,8. C. 0,9. D. 1,0.
Hng dn gii
Cch 1 : S dng phng trnh ion rt gn
n KOH = 0,39 mol v n Al(OH)3 = 0,09 mol
Phng trnh phn ng:
Al3+ + 3OH Al(OH)3
mol: 0,09 0,27 0,09
[ Al(OH)4 ]

Al3+ + 4OH
mol: 0,03 (0,39 0,27) = 0,12
nAl 3+ = 0,09 + 0,03 = 0,12 x = 1,2.
Cch 2 : S dng nh lut bo ton in tch
Theo gi thit ta c : n AlCl3 = 0,1x mol , n KOH = 0,39 mol v n Al(OH)3 = 0,09 mol
nOH trong Al(OH) < nOH trong NaOH
3
Nh vy c phn ng ha tan kt ta, dung dch thu c gm cc ion: Al(OH)4-, K+ v Cl-

p dng nh lut bo ton in tch ta c :
n K + = n [Al(OH) + n Cl 0,39 = (0,1x 0,09) + 3.0,1x x = 1,2.
4]
p n A.
Cch 3 : S dng phng php bo ton nhm OH v nguyn t Al :
n OH phan ng = n OH + n OH = 3n Al(OH) + 4n[Al(OH) n[Al(OH) = 0,03 mol.
3 4] 4]
Al(OH)3 [Al(OH)4 ]
n Al3+ ban au = n Al3+ + n Al3+ = 0,12 mol.

Al(OH)3 [Al(OH)4 ]
V d 9: Dung dch X gm 0,1 mol H+, z mol Al3+, t mol NO3- v 0,02 mol SO42-. Cho 120 ml dung
dch Y gm KOH 1,2M v Ba(OH)2 0,1M vo X, sau khi cc phn ng kt thc, thu c 3,732
gam kt ta. Gi tr ca z, t ln lt l :
A. 0,020 v 0,012. B. 0,020 v 0,120. C. 0,012 v 0,096. D. 0,120 v 0,020.
Hng dn gii
p dng nh lut bo ton in tch cho dung dch X ta c : 0,1 + 3z = t + 0,04.
n Ba2+ = 0,012 < nSO 2 = 0,02 n BaSO4 = 0,012 mol m BaSO4 = 0,012.233 = 2,796 gam
4
m Al(OH)3 = 3,732 2,796 = 0,936 gam n Al(OH)3 = 0,012 mol.
n OH
= n KOH + 2n Ba(OH) = 0,168 mol .
2
Phng trnh phn ng :

H+ + OH- H2O (1)
mol: 0,1 0,1
Al3+ + 3OH- Al(OH)3 (2)
mol: 0,012 0,036 0,012
Al3+ + 4OH- Al(OH)4- (3)

mol: 0,008 (0,168 - 0,1 - 0,036) = 0,032
Ta thy : z = n Al3+ = 0,012 + 0,008 = 0,02 mol t = n NO = 0,1 + 3.0,02 0,04 = 0,12 mol.
3
p n B.
V d 10: Cho 400 ml dung dch E gm AlCl3 x mol/lt v Al2(SO4)3 y mol/lt tc dng vi 612 ml
dung dch NaOH 1M, sau khi cc phn ng kt thc thu c 8,424 gam kt ta. Mt khc, khi cho
400 ml E tc dng vi dung dch BaCl2 (d) th thu c 33,552 gam kt ta. T l x : y l :
A. 4 : 3. B. 3 : 4. C. 7 : 4. D. 3 : 2.
Hng dn gii
S mol Al = (0,4x +0,8y) mol; s mol SO42- = 1,2y mol.
3+
S mol BaSO4 = 0,144 mol = s mol SO42- =1,2y y = 0,12.

Tng s mol OH- = 0,612 mol; S mol Al(OH)3 = 0,108 mol S mol OH- trong kt ta =
0,324 < 0,612 s mol OH- trong Al(OH)4- = 0,288 mol 0,4x +0,8y = 0,108 + (0,288 : 4)
x = 0,21 x : y =7 : 4.
p n C.
V d 11: Cho 500 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,1M vo V ml dung dch Al2(SO4)3 0,1M; sau khi cc
phn ng kt thc thu c 12,045 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca V l :
A. 75. B. 150. C. 300. D. 200.
Hng dn gii
Phng trnh phn ng :
3Ba(OH)2 + Al2(SO4)3 3BaSO4 + 2Al(OH)3 (1)
mol: 3x x 3x 2x
Gi s ch xy ra phn ng (1), khi Ba(OH)2 phn ng ht, khng c hin tng ha tan
kt ta Al(OH)3.
Theo phn ng v gi thit ta c tng khi lng kt ta BaSO4 v Al(OH)3 l :
3x.233 + 2x.78 = 12,045 x = 0,014 n Ba(OH)2 = 0, 014.3 = 0, 042 < 0, 05 : V l!
Vy phi xy ra trng hp ha tan mt phn kt ta to mui tan Ba[Al(OH)4]2 :
4Ba(OH)2 + Al2(SO4)3 3BaSO4 + Ba[Al(OH)4]2 (2)
mol: 4y y 3y
3x + 4y = 0,05 x = 0,01
Theo cc phn ng (1), (2) v gi thit suy ra :
(3x + 3y).233 + 2x.78 = 12,045 y = 0,005
Vy s mol Al2(SO4)3 l 0,015 mol, th tch ca dung dch Al2(SO4)3 l 150 ml.
p n B.

2. Phn ng ca dung dch cha cc ion OH , [ M (OH ) 4 ]

(4 n )
vi dung dch cha ion H + (Vi
M l Al, Zn)
Phng php gii

- Th t phn ng : Phn ng trung ha xy ra trc, phn ng to kt ta xy ra sau :
H+ + OH- H2O
[ M (OH )4 ]
(4 n )
+ (4 n) H + M (OH )n + (4 n) H 2O
- Nu H + cn d th s c phn ng ha tan kt ta
M (OH ) n + nH + M n + + nH 2O
tm.
Cc v d minh ha
V d 1: 100 ml dung dch A cha NaOH 0,1M v Na[Al(OH)4] aM. Thm t t 0,6 lt HCl 0,1M
vo dung dch A thu c kt ta, lc kt ta, nung nhit cao n khi lng khng i thu
c 1,02 gam cht rn. Gi tr ca a l :
A. 0,15 . B. 0,2. C. 0,275. D. 0,25.
Hng dn gii
n OH = n NaOH = 0, 01 mol ; n Al(OH) = n Na Al(OH)
[ 4]
= 0,1.a mol ; n H + = 0, 06 mol
[ 4 ]
n Al(OH)3 = 2.n Al2O3 = 0, 02 mol
V sau phn ng thu c kt ta chng t HCl phn ng ht
Phng trnh phn ng:
OH + H + H 2 O
mol : 0, 01 0, 01
[ Al(OH)4 ]

+ H + Al(OH)3 + H 2 O
mol : 0, 02 0, 02 0, 02
[ Al(OH)4 ]

+ 4H + Al3+ + 4H 2 O
mol : 0, 0075 0, 03
0, 0275
n Al(OH) = 0, 0275 mol a = = 0, 275M .
[ 4] 0,1
p n: C.
V d 2: 200 ml dung dch A cha KOH 0,05M v Na[Al(OH)4] 0,15M. Thm t t HCl 0,1M vo
dung dch A, lc kt ta, nung nhit cao n khi lng khng i thu c 1,02 gam cht rn.
Th tch dung dch HCl dng l :
A. 0,3 lt. B. 0,6 lt. C. 0,7 lt. D. 0,3 lt hoc 0,7 lt.
Hng dn gii
n OH = n KOH = 0, 01 mol ; n Al(OH) = n Na Al(OH)
[ 4]
= 0, 03 mol ; n Al(OH)3 = 2.n Al2O3 = 0, 02 mol
[ 4 ]
V n Al(OH) > n Al(OH)3 nn c hai trng hp xy ra :

[ 4 ]

Trng hp 1 : [ Al(OH) 4 ] d

Phng trnh phn ng:

OH + H + H 2 O
mol : 0, 01 0, 01
[ Al(OH)4 ]

+ H + Al(OH)3 + H 2 O
mol : 0, 02 0, 02
0, 03
n H+ = 0, 03 mol Vdd HCl = = 0,3 lt .
0,1
Trng hp 2 : [ Al(OH) 4 ] ht

Phng trnh phn ng:

OH + H + H 2 O
mol : 0, 01 0, 01
[ Al(OH)4 ]

+ H + Al(OH)3 + H 2 O
mol : 0, 02 0, 02 0,02
[ Al(OH)4 ]

+ 4H + Al3+ + 4H 2O
mol : 0, 01 0, 04
0, 07
n H+ = 0, 07 mol Vdd HCl = = 0, 7 lt .
0,1
p n D.
Nhn xt : Nh vy i vi dng bi tp tnh s mol H+ m n Al (OH ) > nAl ( OH )3 , nu bi
[ 4 ]
khng cho bit thm iu kin g th s c hai trng hp xy ra. Nu bi yu cu tnh lng H+
ti thiu th ta ch cn xt trng hp [ Al (OH )4 ] d, cn nu bi yu cu tnh lng H+ ti a

(hoc cho bit kt ta to thnh b tan mt phn) th ta ch cn xt trng hp [ Al (OH )4 ] ht.

V d 3: Ha tan hon ton 7,8 gam hn hp gm Al v Al2O3 trong 500 ml dung dch NaOH 0,5M
thu c 3,36 lt H2 (ktc) v dung dch D. Th tch HCl 2M cn cho vo D thu c lng kt
ta ln nht l :
A. 0,175 lt. B. 0,125 lt. C. 0,25 lt. D. 0,52 lt.
Hng dn gii
Trong dung dch D c cha AlO2 v OH (nu d). Dung dch D trung ho v in nn :

n AlO + n OH = n Na + = 0, 25 mol
2
Khi cho HCl vo D:

H+ + OH H2O
H+ + AlO2 + H2O Al(OH)3
thu c lng kt ta ln nht th n H + = n AlO + n OH = 0,25 mol
2
Th tch dung dch HCl l V = 0, 25 : 2 = 0,125 lt.

p n B.

V d 4: Hn hp cha a mol Al4C3 v b mol BaO ha tan hon ton vo nc ch c dung dch
cha 1 cht tan. Tm t s a/b:
2 3 1 1
A. . B. . C. . D. .
3 2 1 2
Hng dn gii
Theo gi thit sau phn ng ch thu c mt cht tan duy nht, l Ba(AlO2)2.
Al C + H2 O
S phn ng : 4 3 Ba(AlO2 )2
BaO
n Al 2 n 4.n Al C 2 4a 2 a 1
Cn c vo sn phm sinh ra ta c : = Al = 4 3
= = = .
n Ba 1 n Ba n BaO 1 b 1 b 2
p n D.
V d 5: Cho m gam Al4C3 phn ng va ht vi lng dung dch c 0,03 mol HCl, c dung dch
X. Mt khc cho m gam Al4C3 k trn phn ng va ht vi dung dch c 0,04 mol KOH c
dung dch Y. Trn ln ton b X v Y k trn vi nhau c hn hp Z cha bao nhiu mol mui
nhm:
Hng dn gii
S phn ng :
Al4C3 + 12HCl 4AlCl3 + 3CH4 (1)
mol: 0,03 0,01
Al4C3 + 4KOH + 4H2O 4KAlO2 + 3CH4 (2)
mol: 0,04 0,04
Trn dung dch X vi dung dch Y th xy ra phn ng :
AlCl3 + 3KAlO2 4Al(OH)3 + 3KCl (3)
mol: 0,01 0,03
Vy sau phn ng cn d 0,01 mol KAlO2.
p n B.
V d 6: 16,9 gam hn hp Na, Al ha tan ht vo nc d thu c dung dch X. Cho X phn ng
va ht 0,8 mol HCl c 7,8 gam kt ta. Tnh khi lng Al ban u.
Hng dn gii
Sau tt c cc phn ng, gi s dung dch thu c ch c NaCl, suy ra s mol NaCl bng s
mol HCl bng 0,8 mol, suy ra khi lng Na ban u l 0,8.23 = 18,4 > 16,9 (loi). Vy dung dch
thu c sau tt c cc phn ng phi c c AlCl3.
t s mol ca Na, Al ban u l x v y, kt hp vi vic p dng nh lut bo ton nguyn t
i vi Cl ta c :
23x + 27y = 16,9 x = 0,5 m Na = 11,5 gam

x + 3.(y 0,1) = 0,8 y = 0,2 m Al = 0,2.27 = 5, 4 gam
(y 0,1) l s mol Al ban u tr s mol Al trong kt ta, y chnh l s mol mui AlCl3.
p n B.

V d 7: Ha tan hon ton m gam hn hp gm Na2O v Al2O3 vo nc thu c dung dch X

trong sut. Thm t t dung dch HCl 1M vo X, khi ht 100 ml th bt u xut hin kt ta; khi
ht 300 ml hoc 700 ml th u thu c a gam kt ta. Gi tr ca a v m ln lt l :
A. 23,4 v 56,3. B. 23,4 v 35,9. C. 15,6 v 27,7. D. 15,6 v 55,4.
Hng dn gii
Theo gi thit suy ra dung dch X cha NaOH v NaAlO2.
Cho 300 ml HCl (TN1) hoc 700 ml HCl (TN2) vo X u thu c m gam kt ta chng t
TN1 NaAlO2 cha phn ng ht, TN2 NaAlO2 phn ng ht to kt ta sau kt ta tan mt
phn.
OH- + H+ H2O
mol: 0,1 0,1
AlO2- + H+ + H2O Al(OH)3
mol: 0,2 0,2 0,2
- + 3+
AlO2 + 4H Al + H2O
mol: 0,1 0,4
T phng trnh phn ng ta c mol NaOH l 0,1 v NaAlO2 l 0,3 mol. Vy ban u mol
Na2O l 0,2 mol v Al2O3 l 0,15 mol.
Gi tr ca a v m ln lt l 15,6 v 27,7.
p n C.
Chn ngi
Gi s bn ang b phiu cho ngi lnh o th gii.

Di y l s tht i t ca 3 ng c vin ang dn u s phiu
ng c vin A: tng c nhng v b bi v chnh tr, m tn d oan, rt tin vo thut chim

tinh, c n hai tnh nhn. Ht thuc nhiu v ung 8 n 10 ly ru mnh vo mi ngy.
ng c vin B: Hai ln b ui vic, ng n tn tra mi dy, tng dng thuc phin khi cn l
sinh vin, ung ru nh ung nc.
ng c vin C: L anh hng chin tranh ca mt t nc, n chay trng, khng ht thuc, thnh
thong ch ung 1 ly bia v khng c b bi tnh i no.
Bn chn ai lnh o th gii?

ng c vin A: chnh l Franklin D.Roosevelt, tng thng M.
ng c vin B: l Winston Churchill anh hng dn tc ca nc Anh.
ng c vin C: Adolf Hitler, ngi a c th gii vo chin tranh th gii th hai, ra lnh git
ngi khng run s, vy m... n chay trng, khng ht thuc, thnh thong ch ung 1 ly bia v
khng c b bi tnh i no ...
S vic nhiu lc khng n gin nh ta tng !

C. BI TP TRC NGHIM
Cu 1: Cho bit s th t ca Al trong bng tun hon l 13. Pht biu no sau y ng ?
A. Trong cc ht Na+, Mg2+, Al3+, O, F th Al3+ c bn knh ln nht.
B. Al thuc chu k 3, nhm IIIB.
C. So vi cc kim loi khc trong cng chu k, nhm c tnh kh mnh hn.
D. Al thuc chu k 3, nhm IIIIA.
Cu 2: Nhm th hin tnh cht no sau y ?
1) Nhm c cu to mng tinh th lp phng tm din.
2) L kim loi mu trng bc, mm, d ko si v dt mng.
3) Nhm dn in v dn nhit tt, tt hn cc kim loi Fe v Cu.
4) Nhm l kim loi nh, nng chy nhit 660oC.
5) Nhm l nguyn t s.
A. 1, 2, 4, 5. B. 1, 2, 4. C. 1, 3, 4, 5. D. 1, 2, 3, 4.
Cu 3: Tnh cht no sau y ca nhm l ng ?
A. Nhm tc dng vi cc axit tt c mi iu kin.
B. Nhm tan c trong dung dch NH3.
C. Nhm b th ng ha vi HNO3 c ngui v H2SO4 c ngui.
D. Nhm l kim loi lng tnh.
Cu 4: Cho hn hp bt Al, Fe vo dung dch cha Cu(NO3)2 v AgNO3. Sau khi cc phn ng xy
ra hon ton, thu c hn hp rn gm ba kim loi. Ba kim loi l :
A. Fe, Cu, Ag. B. Al, Cu, Ag. C. Al, Fe, Cu. D. Al, Fe, Ag.
Cu 5: Cho hn hp dng bt hai kim loi Mg v Al vo dung dch c ha tan hai mui AgNO3 v
Cu(NO3)2. Sau khi phn ng kt thc, thu c hn hp hai kim loi v dung dch D. Nh vy :
A. Hai mui AgNO3 v Cu(NO3)2 phn ng ht v hai kim loi Mg, Al cng phn
ng ht.
B. Hai kim loi Mg, Al phn ng ht, AgNO3 phn ng ht, Cu(NO3)2 phn ng va ht
hoc cn d.
C. Hai kim loi Mg, Al phn ng ht, c AgNO3 v Cu(NO3)2 u cn d.
D. Mt trong hai kim loi phi l Ag, kim loi cn li l Cu hoc Al.
Cu 6: Phn ng ho hc no di y khng thuc loi phn ng nhit nhm ?
A. Al tc dng vi Fe3O4 nung nng. B. Al tc dng vi CuO nung nng.
C. Al tc dng vi Fe2O3 nung nng. D. Al tc dng vi axit H2SO4 c, nng.
Cu 7: Phn ng nhit nhm (un nng oxit kim loi vi Al nhit cao) dng iu ch nhng
kim loi no ?
A. Al, Fe, Mg. B. Fe, Zn, Cu. C. Cu, Na, Zn. D. Ca, Fe, Cu.
Cu 8: Hn hp X gm Fe3O4 v Al c t l mol tng ng 1 : 3. Thc hin phn ng nhit nhm
X (khng c khng kh) n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c hn hp gm
A. Al2O3 v Fe. B. Al, Fe v Al2O3.
C. Al, Fe, Fe3O4 v Al2O3. D. Al2O3, Fe v Fe3O4.
Cu 9: Nung nng hn hp Al v Fe2O3 (ch xy ra phn ng nhit nhm n hon ton) thu c
hn hp X. Cho X tc dng dung dch NaOH thy c kh thot ra. Thnh phn X gm :
A. Al2O3. B. Fe, Al, Al2O3. C. Al, Fe. D. Al, Fe, Fe2O3, Al2O3.

Cu 10: Vt lm bng nhm bn trong nc v :

A. Nhm l kim loi khng tc dng vi nc.
B. Trn b mt vt c mt lp nhm oxit mng, bn, ngn cch vt vi nc.
C. Do nhm tc dng vi nc to lp nhm hiroxit khng tan bo v cho nhm.
D. Nhm l kim loi hot ng khng mnh.
Cu 11: Trong phn ng ca nhm vi dung dch NaOH, cht oxi ha nhm l :
A. NaOH. B. H2O. C. NaOH hoc H2O. D. C NaOH v H2O.
Cu 12: gi cho cc vt lm t kim loi nhm c bn, p th cn phi :
(1) Ngm vt trong nc x phng c, nng, lm sch.
(2) Khng nn cho vt tip xc vi dung dch nc chanh, gim n.
(3) Dng giy nhm, ch trn b mt ca vt, vt c sch v sng.
(4) Bo v b mt ca vt nh nh thit k, sn xut ban u.
Cch lm ng l :
A. 1 v 2. B. 1 v 3. C. 1 v 4. D. 2 v 4.
Cu 13: Cho mt lng bt kim loi nhm trong mt cc thy tinh, cho tip dung dch HNO3 long
vo cc, khuy u cho phn ng hon ton, c cc kh NO, N2O v N2 thot ra. Sau cho tip
dung dch xt vo cc, khuy u, c hn hp kh thot ra (khng k hi nc, khng kh). Hn
hp kh ny c th l kh no ?
A. NO2; NH3. B. NH3; H2. C. CO2; NH3. D. H2; N2.
Cu 14: Trong s cc phn ng cho sau y c my phn ng vit sai :
1) 2Al + 3MgSO4 Al2(SO4)3 + 3Mg.
2) Al + 6HNO3 c, ngui Al(NO3)3 + 3NO2 + 3H2O.
3) 8Al + 5NaOH + 3NaNO3 + 2H2O 8NaAlO2 + 3NH3
4) 2Al + 2NaOH 2NaAlO2 + 3H2
5) 2Al + 2H2O + Ca(OH)2 Ca(AlO2)2 + 3H2.
A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 5.
Cu 15: Al tc dng vi dung dch HNO3, thu c mui v hn hp gm hai kh NO v N2O vi
t l mol 1 : 3.
Al + HNO3 Al(NO3)3 + NO + N2O + H2O.
Vy h s cn bng ca phn ng trn l :
A. 9, 34, 9, 1, 3, 17. B. 9, 36, 9, 1, 3, 18.
C. 9, 30, 9, 1, 3, 15. D. 9, 38, 9, 1, 3, 19.
Cu 16: Cho Al tc dng vi S, C nhit cao, ly sn phm phn ng trn cho tc dng vi H2O
th sn phm cui cng thu c l :
A. Al(OH)3; H2S; CH4. B. Al2S3; Al(OH)3; CH4.
C. Al4C3; Al(OH)3; H2S. D. Al(OH)3; H2S; C2H2.
Cu 17: Cho cc cht sau :
- Dung dch : CuSO4, HNO3 long, H2SO4 long, NaOH, (HNO3, H2SO4) m c ngui,
FeCl2, MgCl2, NaHSO4.
- Cht rn : FexOy (to), CuO, Cr2O3.
Nhm c th phn ng vi bao nhiu cht trn ?
A. 9. B. 11. C. 10. D. 12.

Cu 18: Cho Al ln lt vo cc dung dch : H2SO4 long, HNO3 (m c, to), Ba(OH)2, HNO3
long, H2SO4 c, thy sinh ra kh B c t khi so vi O2 nh hn 0,9. S dung dch ph hp l :
A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5.
Cu 19: Cho bt Al t t n d vo cc dung dch ring r cha cc cht HCl; FeCl3; CuSO4;
Ba(OH)2. S lng cc phn ng xy ra l :
A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5.
Cu 20: Kim loi c th iu ch c t qung boxit l kim loi no?
A. Nhm. B. St. C. Magie. D. ng.
Cu 21: Criolit (Na3AlF6 hay 3NaF.AlF3) l nguyn liu c dng sn xut nhm vi mc ch :
1) Lm gim nhit nng chy ca Al2O3.
2) Tit kim c nng lng, to c cht lng c tnh dn in tt hn Al2O3.
3) To cht lng c t khi nh hn nhm, ni ln b mt nhm ngn cn nhm nng chy b
oxi ho.
A. 1, 2. B. 2, 3. C. 1, 3. D. 1, 2, 3.
Cu 22: Xc nh pht biu khng ng v qu trnh in phn sn xut Al di y :
A. Cn tinh ch qung boxit (Al2O3.2H2O) do cn ln tp cht l Fe2O3 v SiO2.
B. T 1 tn boxit (cha 60% Al2O3) c th iu ch c gn 0,318 tn Al vi hiu sut
100%.
C. Sn xut 2,7 tn Al tiu hao 18 tn C lm anot, nu cc qu trnh l hon ton v sn
phm oxi ho ch l CO2.
D. Criolit c s dng h nhit nng chy, tng dn in v ngn cn Al b oxi
ho bi khng kh.
Cu 23: Gii thch ti sao iu ch Al ngi ta in phn Al2O3 nng chy m khng in phn
AlCl3 nng chy l :
A. AlCl3 nng chy nhit cao hn Al2O3.
B. AlCl3 l hp cht cng ho tr nn khng nng chy m thng hoa.
C. in phn AlCl3 to ra Cl2 rt c.
D. in phn Al2O3 cho ra Al tinh khit hn.
Cu 24: Trong cc ng dng c cho l ca nhm di y, c my ng dng cha chnh xc ?
(1) Lm vt liu ch to t, my bay, tn la, tu v tr; (1) Sn xut thit b in (dy in
in), trao i nhit (dng c un nu). (3) Sn xut, iu ch cc kim loi qu him (Au, Pt, Ag)
(4); Lm khung ca, trang tr ni tht v m trang sc (5); Ch to hn hp tecmit, c dng
hn gn ng ray.
A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5.
Cu 25: Trong cc dung dch mui sau: Na2SO4, BaCl2, Al2(SO4)3, Na2CO3. Dung dch lm cho
qu tm ho l :
A. Al2(SO4)3. B. BaCl2. C. Na2CO3. D. Na2SO4.
Cu 26: Trong cc dung dch mui sau: NaAlO2, BaCl2, Al2(SO4)3, NaNO3. Dung dch lm cho
qu tm ho xanh l :
A. Al2(SO4)3. B. BaCl2. C. NaNO3. D. NaAlO2.
Cu 27: Trong dung dch Al2(SO4)3 (b qua s phn li ca H2O) cha bao nhiu loi ion ?
A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5.
Cu 28: Cng thc ca phn chua l :
A. K2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O. B. K2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.nH2O.
C. Li2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O. D. Na2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O.
Cu 29: iu no sau y khng ng ?

A. Al kh c Cu2+ trong dung dch.
B. Al3+ b kh bi Na trong dung dch AlCl3.
C. Al2O3 l hp cht bn vi nhit.
D. Al(OH)3 tan c trong dung dch HCl v dung dch NaOH.
Cu 30: Cc cht Al, Al2O3, Al(OH)3 khng tan c trong cc dung dch no ?
A. HNO3 long. B. H2O, NH3. C. Ba(OH)2, NaOH. D. HCl, H2SO4 long.
A. Al bn trong khng kh v nc.
B. Al tan c trong cc dung dch NaOH, HCl, HNO3 m c ngui.
C. Al2O3, Al(OH)3 khng tan v bn trong nc.
D. Dung dch AlCl3, Al2(SO4)3 c mi trng axit.
Cu 32: Nh t t cho n d dung dch NaOH vo dung dch AlCl3. Hin tng xy ra l :
A. c kt ta keo trng v c kh bay ln. B. c kt ta keo trng, sau kt ta tan.
C. khng c kt ta, c kh bay ln. D. ch c kt ta keo trng
Cu 33: Cho t t dung dch NaOH n d vo dung dch AlCl3. Sau phn ng dung dch thu c
c cha cc cht :
A. NaCl, NaOH. B. NaCl, NaOH, AlCl3.
C. NaCl, NaAlO2. D. NaCl, NaOH, NaAlO2.
Cu 34: Cho t t n d dung dch X (TN1) hay dung dch Y (TN2) vo dung dch AlCl3. TN1
to kt ta keo trng ; TN2 to kt ta keo trng, sau kt ta tan. X v Y ln lt l :
A. NaOH, NH3. B. NH3, NaOH. C. NaOH, AgNO3. D. AgNO3, NaOH.
Cu 35: Cho t t dung dch NaOH n d (TN1) hay dung dch NH3 n d (TN2) vo dung dch
mui nitrat ca kim loi R thy : TN1 to kt ta, TN2 to kt ta sau tan ht. R l kim loi :
A. Ag. B. Cu. C. Zn. D. Al.
Cu 36: Cho t t dung dch NaOH n d (TN1) hay dung dch NH3 n d (TN2) vo dung dch
mui sunfat ca kim loi M thy c hai th nghim u c hin tng ging nhau l to kt ta,
sau kt ta tan dn to dung dch trong sut. M l kim loi :
A. Al. B. Zn. C. Na. D. Fe.
Cu 37: C 4 dung dch mui ring bit : CuCl2, ZnCl2, FeCl3, AlCl3. Nu thm dung dch KOH
(d) ri thm tip dung dch NH3 (d) vo 4 dung dch trn th s cht kt ta thu c l :
A. 4. B. 1. C. 3. D. 2
Cu 38: Trn dung dch cha a mol AlCl3 vi dung dch cha b mol NaOH. thu c kt ta th
cn c t l
A. a : b < 1 : 4. B. a : b = 1 : 5. C. a : b = 1 : 4. D. a : b > 1 : 4.
Cu 39: Cho p mol Na[Al(OH)4] tc dng vi dung dch cha q mol HCl. thu c kt ta th
cn c t l
A. p : q < 1: 4. B. p : q = 1: 5. C. p : q > 1: 4. D. p : q = 1: 4.
Cu 40: Cho hai th nghim (TN) : TN1 cho t t n d dung dch HCl vo dung dch NaAlO2.
TN2 cho t t n d kh CO2 vo dung dch NaAlO2. Hin tng quan st c l :
A. c 2 th nghim u c kt ta ri tan.
B. C 2 th nghim u c kt ta ri khng tan.
C. Th nghim (1) c kt ta ri tan, th nghim (2) c kt ta khng tan.
D. Th nghim (2) c kt ta ri tan, th nghim (1) c kt ta khng tan.
Cu 41: Cho dung dch HCl va , kh CO2, dung dch AlCl3 ln lt vo 3 cc ng dung dch
NaAlO2 u thy
A. dung dch trong sut. B. c kh thot ra.
C. c kt ta trng. D. c kt ta sau tan dn.
Cu 42: Trng hp no di y to ra kt ta sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton?
A. Thm d NaOH vo dung dch AlCl3. B. Thm d AlCl3 vo dung dch NaOH.
C. Thm d HCl vo dung dch NaAlO2. D. Thm d CO2 vo dung dch NaOH.
Cu 43: Th nghim no sau y c kt ta sau phn ng ?
A. Cho dung dch NaOH n d vo dung dch Cr(NO3)3.
B. Cho dung dch HCl n d vo dung dch NaAlO2 (hoc Na[Al(OH)4]).
C. Thi CO2 n d vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 .
D. Cho dung dch NH3 n d vo dung dch AlCl3.
Cu 44: Cho cc qu trnh sau :
1) Cho dung dch AlCl3 tc dng vi dung dch NH3 d.
2) Cho dung dch Ba(OH)2 d vo dung dch Al2(SO4)3.
3) Cho dung dch HCl d vo dung dch NaAlO2.
4) Dn kh CO2 d vo dung dch NaAlO2.
5) Cho dung dch AlCl3 d vo dung dch NaAlO2.
6) Cho dung dch NH4Cl d vo dung dch NaAlO2.
S qu trnh khng thu c kt ta l :
A. 0. B. 2. C. 1. D. 3.
Cu 45: Phn ng ca cp dung dch no di y khng to sn phm kh ?
A. Al(NO3)3 + Na2S. B. AlCl3 + Na2CO3.
C. NH4Cl + NaAlO2. D. AlCl3 + NaAlO2.
Cu 46: C cc th nghim sau : Dn t t kh CO2 n d vo dung dch nc vi trong (1); Cho
t t dung dch Ba(OH)2 n d vo dung dch Al2(SO4)3 (2). Cho t t dung dch HCl n d vo
dung dch NaAlO2 (3). Cho t t CO2 n d vo dung dch Ca(AlO2)2 (4); Cho t t HCl n d
vo dung dch Ca(HCO3)2 (5). Th nghim no cho kt ta sau kt ta tan hon ton ?
A. 1, 2, 3, 5. B. 1, 2, 3, 4. C. 1, 2, 3. D. 1, 3.
Cu 47*: Trong cc cht HCl, NaHSO4, NaHCO3, NH4Cl, Na2CO3, CO2, AlCl3. S cht khi tc
dng vi dung dch Na[Al(OH)4] (NaAlO2) thu c Al(OH)3 l :
A. 5. B. 6. C. 3. D. 4.
Cu 48: Cho cc cht : Al, Al2O3, Al2(SO4)3, Zn(OH)2, NaHS, KHSO3, (NH4)2CO3. S cht u
phn ng c vi dung dch HCl, dung dch NaOH l :
A. 4. B. 5. C. 7. D. 6.
Cu 49: Cho cc cht : Al, Al2O3, Al2(SO4)3, Zn(OH)2, NaHS, KHSO3, (NH4)2CO3. S cht c tnh
lng tnh l :
A. 4. B. 5 C. 7. D. 6.
Cu 50: Cho hn hp gm Al, Mg, Al(OH)3, Al2O3, MgO vo dung dch NaOH d cn li rn X. X
g m :
A. Mg, MgO. B. Al2O3, Al, Al(OH)3.
C. Al, Mg. D. Al(OH)3, Al2O3, MgO.

Cu 51: Trong cc oxit sau : CuO; Al2O3; SO2. Hy cho bit cht no ch phn ng c vi baz
v cht no phn ng c c vi axit v baz ?
A. SO2; CuO. B. CuO; Al2O3. C. SO2; Al2O3. D. CuO; SO2.
Cu 52: Al(OH)3 c th tc dng vi cc cht no trong 4 cht sau y : Ba(OH)2; H2SO4; NH4OH;
H2CO3?
A. Vi c 4 cht. B. Ba(OH)2; H2SO4. C. Ch vi H2SO4. D. NH4OH; H2CO3.
Cu 53: Dn kh CO d qua hn hp nung nng Al, Al2O3, MgO, FeO. Sau khi phn ng hon ton
thu c hn hp rn gm :
A. Al, Mg, Fe. B. Fe. C. Al, MgO, Fe. D. Al, Al2O3, MgO, Fe.
Cu 54: Ho tan m gam hn hp gm Al, Fe vo dung dch H2SO4 long (d). Sau khi cc phn
ng xy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch X. Cho dung dch Ba(OH)2 (d) vo dung dch X, thu
c kt ta Y. Nung Y trong khng kh n khi lng khng i, thu c cht rn Z l :
A. hn hp gm Al2O3 v Fe2O3. B. hn hp gm BaSO4 v Fe2O3.
C. hn hp gm BaSO4 v FeO. D. Fe2O3.
Cu 55: Cho Na vo dung dch cha Al2(SO4)3 v CuSO4 thu c kh (A), dung dch (B) v kt
ta (C). Nung kt ta (C) thu c cht rn (D). Cho kh (A) d tc dng vi rn (D) thu c rn
(E). Ho tan (E) trong HCl d thu c rn (F), E l :
A. Cu v Al2O3. B. Cu v CuO. C. Cu v Al(OH)3. D. Ch c Cu.
Cu 56: Cho dung dch NH3 d vo dung dch X cha hn hp AlCl3, ZnCl2, NiCl2, FeCl3 thu
c kt ta Y. Nung kt ta Y n khi lng khng i c cht rn Z, cho lung CO d i qua
Z nung nng n phn ng hon ton thu c cht rn T. Trong T c cha
A. Fe, Ni, Al2O3. B. Al2O3, ZnO v Fe.
C. Al2O3, Zn. D. Al2O3 v Fe.
Cu 57: Cho hn hp gm BaO, FeO, Al2O3 vo nc d thu c dung dch A v phn khng tan
B. B tan mt phn trong dung dch NaOH. Dung dch A c cha :
A. Ba(AlO2)2, Ba(OH)2. B. Ba(OH)2.
C. Ba(AlO2)2, FeAlO2. D. Ba(AlO2)2.
Cu 58: Cho hn hp gm BaO, FeO, Al2O3 vo nc d thu c dung dch A v phn khng
tan B. Sc kh CO2 vo dung dch A c kt ta C. B tan mt phn trong dung dch NaOH. Kt
ta C c cha
A. BaCO3. B. Al(OH)3. C. BaCO3, Al(OH)3. D. BaCO3, FeCO3.
Cu 59: Cho bn hn hp, mi hn hp gm hai cht rn c s mol bng nhau: Na2O v Al2O3; Cu
v Fe2(SO4)3; BaCl2 v CuCl2 ; Ba v NaHSO4. S hn hp c th tan hon ton trong nc (d)
ch to ra dung dch l :
A. 1. B. 2. C. 4 D. 3.
Cu 60: C cc hn hp cht rn
(1) FeO, BaO, Al2O3 ( t l mol 1: 1 : 1) (2) Al, K, Al2O3 ( t l mol 1: 2: 1)
(3) Na2O, Al ( t l mol 1: 1) (4) K2O, Zn ( t l mol 1: 1).
S hn hp tan ht trong nc (d) l :
A. 0. B. 3. C. 4. D. 2.
Cu 61: Chn X, Y, Z, T, E theo ng trt t tng ng s sau : X Y Z T E
A. AlCl3; Al(OH)3; NaAlO2; Al2O3; Al2(SO4)3.
B. AlCl3; NaAlO2; Al2O3; Al(OH)3; Al2(SO4)3.
C. Al(OH)3; AlCl3; Al2O3; NaAlO2; Al2(SO4)3.
D. AlCl3; NaAlO2; Al(OH)3; Al2O3; Al2(SO4)3.
Cu 62: Cho chuyn ha sau : X NaAlO2 Y Z Al. Cc cht X, Y, Z khng ph hp

vi s trn l :
A. Al2O3, Al(OH)3, AlCl3. B. Al(OH)3, Al2(SO4)3, AlCl3.
C. Al, Al(OH)3, Al2O3. D. Al2O3, AlCl3, Al2O3.
Cu 63: Cho 5 cht AlCl3 (1); Al (2); NaAlO2 (3); Al2O3 (4); Al(OH)3 (5). Chn s gm 5 phn
ng vi s khi u v kt ta u l Al :
A. 2 1 3 4 5 2. B. 2 5 3 1 4 2.
C. 2 1 3 5 4 2. D. 2 5 1 3 4 2.
Cu 64: Cho chui bin ha sau :
(X1) (X2)
Al(OH)3
(X3) (X4)
Vy X1, X2, X3, X4 ln lt l :

A. Al2(SO4)3, KAlO2, Al2O3, AlCl3. B. AlCl3, Al(NO3)3, Al2O3, Al.
C. Al2O3, NaAlO2, AlCl3, Al(NO3)3. D. NaAlO2, Al2O3, Al2(SO4)3, AlCl3.
NaAlO2 Y
Al
X Al(NO3)3
Vy X, Y ln lt l :
A. AlCl3, Al(OH)3. B. Al(OH)3, Al2O3. C. Al2O3, NaHCO3. D. Al2O3, Al(OH)3.
Cu 66: thu c Al(OH)3 ta thc hin phn ng :
A. Cho mui Al3+ tc dng vi dung dch OH- (d).
B. Cho mui Al3+ tc dng vi dung dch NH3 (d).
C. Cho Al2O3 tc dng vi H2O.
D. Cho Al tc dng vi H2O.
Cu 67: T hn hp Al2O3 v Fe2O3, mun tch Al2O3 ngi ta thc hin phn ng :
A. Dng H2 (to) cao ri dung dch NaOH (d).
B. Dng H2 (to) cao ri dng dung dch HCl (d).
C. Dng dung dch NaOH (d), dung dch HCl d ri nung nng
D. Dng dch NaOH d, CO2 d, tch kt ta ri em nung nng.
Cu 68: Ch dng mt ho cht lm thuc th hy phn bit c cc dung dch sau : NaCl; CaCl2;
AlCl3; CuCl2, FeCl3.
A. Dng dung dch Ba(OH)2. B. Dng dung dch Na2CO3.
C. Dng dung dch AgNO3. D. Dng qu tm.
Cu 69: C cc l ring bit ng cc dung dch khng mu : Cu(NO3)2, AlCl3, ZnCl2, FeSO4,
Fe(NO3)3, NaCl. Ch dng dung dch no di y phn bit cc l mt nhn trn ?
A. Na2CO3. B. Ba(OH)2. C. NH3. D. NaOH.
Cu 70: Thuc th nhn bit cc cht rn: K, K2O, Al, Al2O3 l :

A. dd NaOH. B. dd HCl. C. H2O. D. dd HNO3.
Cu 71: Cho cc cht rn ring bit : Na, Al, CaO, Ba(OH)2. nhn bit Al ta dng thuc th l:
A. dd NaOH. B. dd HCl. C. H2O. D. dd Ba(OH)2.
Cu 72: C cc thuc th : Dung dch NaOH, dung dch HCl, dung dch NH3, H2O. S thuc th
nhn bit cc cht rn Mg, Al, Al2O3 l :
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4.
Cu 73: phn bit 3 kim loi ring bit Al, Cu, Mg c th dng thuc th l :
A. Dung dch Fe2+.
B. Dung dch HNO3 long v dung dch CuSO4.
C. H2O v dung dch HCl.
D. Dung dch KOH.
Cu 74: Cht dng phn bit 4 kim loi sau Na, Al, Ca, Mg l :
A. Dung dch HCl. B. Nc.
C. Dung dch NaOH. D. Dung dch. H2SO4
Cu 75: C 3 mu hp kim Fe Al, K Na, Cu Mg. C th dng dung dch no di y c th
phn bit 3 mu hp kim trn ?
A. HCl. B. NaOH. C. H2SO4 long. D. MgCl2.
Cu 76: Dung dch thuc th duy nht c th nhn bit c tt c cc mu kim loi : Ba, Mg, Al,
Fe, Ag l :
A. HCl. B. NaOH. C. FeCl3. D. H2SO4 long.
Cu 77: Cho 2,13 gam hn hp X gm ba kim loi Mg, Cu v Al dng bt tc dng hon ton
vi oxi thu c hn hp Y gm cc oxit c khi lng 3,33 gam. Th tch dung dch HCl 2M va
phn ng ht vi Y l :
A. 57 ml. B. 50 ml. C. 75 ml. D. 90 ml.
Cu 78: Cho 5,7 gam hn hp bt X gm Mg, Al, Zn, Cu tc dng hon ton vi oxi d thu c
hn hp rn Y c khi lng l 8,1 gam. Th tch ti thiu dung dch H2SO4 0,5M cn dng ho
tan hon ton Y l :
A. 180 ml. B. 270 ml. C. 300 ml. D. 360 ml.
Cu 79: Cho 20,4 gam hn hp Mg, Zn, Ag vo cc ng 600 ml dung dch HCl 1M (va ). Sau
khi phn ng kt thc thm dn NaOH vo t c kt ta ti a. Lc kt ta v nung nng
nhit cao n khi lng khng i c a gam cht rn. Gi tr ca a l :
Cu 80: Cho m gam Al tc dng vi m gam Cl2 (gi s hiu sut phn ng l 100%) sau phn ng
thu c cht rn A. Cho cht rn A tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c dung dch B v 8,904
lt H2 (ktc). C cn dung dch B thu c bao nhiu gam cht rn khan ?
Cu 81: Mt hn hp A gm Al, Al2O3, Al(OH)3 nng 28,5 gam ha tan trong dung dch NaOH d
thu c 3,36 lt H2 (ktc). Nu nung nng A trong khng kh n khi lng khng i c 25,5
gam rn. S mol Al2O3 v Al(OH)3 trong A ln lt l :
A. 0,1 v 0,1. B. 0,1 v 0,2. C. 0,2 v 0,1. D. 0,15 v 0,1.
Cu 82: Cho m gam hn hp X gm Na2O v Al ho tan ht vo H2O d thu c 200 ml dung
dch A ch cha 1 cht tan duy nht c nng 0,2M. Gi tr ca m l :
A. 2,32. B. 3,56. C. 3,52. D. 5,36.

Cu 83: Cho m gam hn hp X gm Al v Na tc dng vi H2O d, thu c 8,96 lt kh H2 (ktc)

v cn li mt lng cht rn khng tan. Khi lng ca Na trong m gam X l :
Cu 84: Cho hn hp gm Na v Al c t l s mol tng ng l 1 : 2 vo nc d. Sau khi cc
phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 8,96 lt kh H2 (ktc) v m gam cht rn khng tan. Gi tr ca
m l :
A. 5,4. B. 10,8. C. 7,8. D. 43,2.
Cu 85: Cho m gam hn hp X gm Na v Al vo nc thu c dung dch X, 5,376 lt H2 (ktc)
v 3,51 gam cht rn khng tan. Nu oxi ha m gam X cn bao nhiu lt kh Cl2 (ktc) ?
A. 9,968 lt. B. 8,624 lt. C. 9,520 lt. D. 9,744 lt.
Cu 86: Ho tan hon ton hn hp X gm x mol Ba v y mol Al vo nc thu c V lt kh H2
(ktc) v dung dch Y. Gi tr ca V l :
A. V = 22,4(x + 3y) lt. B. V = 11,2(2x + 3y) lt.
C. V = 22,4(x + y) lt. D. V = 11,2(2x + 2y) lt.
Cu 87: Chia m gam hn hp gm Al v Na lm hai phn bng nhau :
- Phn 1 cho vo nc d thu c 13,44 lt kh (ktc).
- Phn 2 cho vo dung dch NaOH d thu c 20,16 lt kh (ktc). Gi tr ca m l :
Cu 88: Ly m gam A gm Na, Al chia lm 2 phn bng nhau :
- Phn 1 : Cho vo nc cho n khi ht phn ng thy thot ra 0,448 lt kh H2 (ktc).
- Phn 2 : Cho vo dung dch Ba(OH)2 d n khi ht phn ng thy thot ra 3,472 lt kh H2
(ktc). Gi tr ca m l :
Cu 89: Hn hp A gm Na, Al, Cu cho 12 gam A vo nc d thu 2,24 lt kh (ktc), cn nu cho
vo dung dch NaOH d thu 3,92 lt kh (ktc). Phn trm v khi lng ca Al trong hn hp ban
u l :
A. 59,06%. B. 22,5%. C. 67,5%. D. 96,25%.
Cu 90: Ho tan 7,30 gam Na v Al (c t l mol tng ng l 2:1) vo 93,20 gam H2O. Sau khi
cc phn ng kt thc thu c dung dch X. Nng % ca mui c trong dung dch X l :
A. 8,20%. B. 11,74%. C. 18,40%. D. 11,80%.
Cu 91: Hn hp X gm Na, Ba v Al .
Nu cho m gam hn hp X vo nc d ch thu c dung dch X v 12,32 lt H2 (ktc).
Nu cho m gam hn hp X tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c dung dch Y v H2. C cn
dung dch Y thu c 66,1 gam mui khan. m c gi tr l :
Cu 92: Hn hp X gm K v Al. Cho m gam X vo mt lng d nc th thot ra V lt kh. Nu
lng ca K trong X l (bit cc th tch kh o trong cng iu kin) :
A. 77,31%. B. 41,94%. C. 49,87%. D. 29,87%.
Cu 93: Hn hp X gm Na, Al v Fe (vi t l s mol gia Na v Al tng ng l 2 : 1). Cho X
tc dng vi H2O (d) thu c cht rn Y v V lt kh. Cho ton b Y tc dng vi dung dch
H2SO4 long (d) thu c 0,25V lt kh. Bit cc kh o cng iu kin, cc phn ng u xy ra
hon ton. T l s mol ca Fe v Al trong X tng ng l :
A. 1 : 2. B. 5 : 8. C. 5 : 16. D. 16 : 5.

Cu 94: Chia hn hp X gm K, Al v Fe thnh hai phn bng nhau :

A. 0,39 ; 0,54 ; 1,40. B. 0,78 ; 0,54 ; 1,12. C. 0,39 ; 0,54 ; 0,56. D. 0,78 ; 1,08 ; 0,56.
Cu 95: Ho tan hon ton 21,6 gam Al trong mt lng d dung dch A gm NaNO3 v NaOH,
hiu sut phn ng l 80%. Th tch NH3 gii phng l :
A. 2,24 lt. B. 4,48 lt. C. 1,12 lt. D. 5,376 lt.
Cu 96: Ha tan 16,2 gam nhm trong dung dch NaNO3 v NaOH d, hiu sut phn ng l
100%. Th tch kh NH3 iu kin tiu chun thot ra l :
A. 3,36 lt. B. 4,48 lt. C. 5,6 lt. D. 5,04 lt.
Cu 97: Ha tan m gam bt Al vo lng d dung dch hn hp ca NaOH v NaNO3 thy xut
hin 6,72 lt (kc) hn hp kh NH3 v H2 vi s mol bng nhau. Khi lng m l :
Cu 98: Cho 48,6 gam Al vo 450 ml dung dch gm KNO3 1M, KOH 3M sau phn ng hon ton
th tch kh thot ra ktc l :
A. 30,24 lt. B. 10,08 lt. C. 40,32 lt. D. 45,34 lt.
Cu 99: Cho m gam mt khi Al hnh cu c bn knh l R vo 1,05 lt dung dch H2SO4 0,1M.
Bit rng sau khi phn ng hon ton khi cu cn li c bn knh l R/2. Gi tr ca m l :
Cu 100: Cho m gam hn hp Mg, Al vo 250 ml dung dch X cha hn hp axit HCl 1M v axit
H2SO4 0,5M, thu c 5,32 lt H2 (ktc) v dung dch Y (coi th tch dung dch khng i). Dung
dch Y c pH l :
A. 1. B. 2. C. 6. D. 7.
Cu 101: Ho tan ht 7,74 gam hn hp bt Mg, Al bng 500 ml dung dch hn hp HCl 1M v
H2SO4 0,28M thu c dung dch X v 8,736 lt kh H2 (ktc). C cn dung dch X thu c lng
mui khan l :
Cu 102: Cho 3,68 gam hn hp gm Al v Zn tc dng vi mt lng va dung dch H2SO4
10%, thu c 2,24 lt kh H2 (ktc). Khi lng dung dch thu c sau phn ng l :
Cu 103: Cho 5,35 gam hn hp X gm Mg, Fe, Al vo 250 ml dung dch Y gm H2SO4 0,5M v
HCl 1M thu c 3,92 lt kh (ktc) v dung dch A. C cn dung dch A trong iu kin khng c
khng kh, thu c m gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m l :
A. 20,900. B. 26,225. C. 26,375. D. 28,600.
Cu 104: Hn hp A gm 3 kim loi X, Y, Z c t l mol tng ng l 1: 2: 3 v t l khi lng
nguyn t tng ng l 10: 11: 23. Cho 24,582 gam A tc dng vi 500 ml dung dch NaOH 1M
thu c dung dch B v hn hp cht rn C. Mt khc, khi cho lng kim loi X bng lng X c
trong A tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c 2,24 lt H2 (ktc). Cho t t V lt dung dch HCl
1M vo B n khi thu c dung dch trong sut tr li.
a. Kim loi Y l :
A. Mg. B. Al. C. Zn. D. Fe.
b. Gi tr ti thiu ca V l :
A. 0,8. B. 0,9. C. 1,1. D. 1,2.

Cu 105: Cho m gam hn hp Al, Al2O3, Al(OH)3 tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 19,6% va thu
c dung dch X c nng l 21,302% v 3,36 lt H2 (ktc). C cn dung dch X thu c 80,37
gam mui khan. m c gi tr l :
Cu 106: Cho m gam hn hp X gm Al, Fe2O3, Fe3O4, FeO tc dng vi dung dch HCl d, thu
c dung dch Y trong khi lng ca FeCl2 l 31,75 gam v 8,064 lt H2 (ktc). C cn dung
dch Y, thu c 151,54 gam cht rn khan. Nu cho m gam hn hp X tc dng vi dung dch
HNO3 long d, thu c dung dch Z v kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht). C cn dung dch Z thu
c bao nhiu gam mui khan ?
Cu 107: Cho m gam hn hp Al v Cu tan ht trong dung dch HNO3 thu c dung dch A. Nu
cho A tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d thu c 9,8 gam kt ta. Nu cho A tc dng vi dung
dch NH3 d thu c 15,6 gam kt ta. Gi tr m l :
Cu 108: Cho m gam hn hp X gm Al, Cu vo dung dch HCl (d), sau khi kt thc phn ng
sinh ra 3,36 lt kh (ktc). Nu cho m gam hn hp X trn vo mt lng d axit nitric (c, ngui),
sau khi kt thc phn ng sinh ra 6,72 lt kh NO2 (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Gi tr ca m
l :
A. 11,5. B. 10,5. C. 12,3. D. 15,6.
Cu 109: Ha tan hon ton 1,23 gam hn hp X gm Cu v Al vo dung dch HNO3 c, nng thu
c 1,344 lt (ktc) kh NO2 (sn phm kh duy nht) v dung dch Y. Sc t t kh NH3 (d) vo
dung dch Y, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c m gam kt ta. Phn trm v khi lng
ca Cu trong hn hp X v gi tr ca m ln lt l :
A. 78,05% v 2,25. B. 21,95% v 2,25. C. 78,05% v 0,78. D. 21,95% v 0,78.
Cu 110: Cho 3,024 gam mt kim loi M tan ht trong dung dch HNO3 long, thu c 940,8 ml
kh (ktc) NxOy (sn phm kh duy nht) c t khi i vi H2 bng 22. Kh NxOy v kim loi M l :
A. N2O v Fe. B. NO2 v Al. C. N2O v Al. D. NO v Mg.
Cu 111: Ho tan hn hp gm Mg, Al trong V lt dung dch HNO3 2M va thu c 1,68 lt
hn hp kh X (ktc) gm N2O v N2. T khi ca X so vi H2 l 17,2. Gi tr ca V l (bit phn
ng khng to ra mui NH4NO3) :
A. 0,42. B. 0,84. C. 0,48. D. 0,24.
Cu 112: Ho tan hon ton 24,3 gam Al vo dung dch HNO3 long d thu c V lt hn hp kh
NO v N2O (ktc) c t khi hi so vi H2 l 20,25. Gi tr ca V l :
A. 6,72. B. 8,96. C. 11,20. D. 13,44.
Cu 113: Ho tan m gam Al trong dung dch HNO3 2M va thu c 1,68 lt hn hp kh X
(ktc) gm N2O v N2. T khi ca X so vi H2 l 17,2. Gi tr ca m l :
A. 2,7 B. 5,4 C. 3,195 D. 6,21
Cu 114: Cho mt lng bt Al vo dung dch CuSO4 d, ly cht rn thu c cho tc dng dung
dch HNO3 d thy sinh ra 2,24 lt NO (ktc). Nu em lng Al trn tc dng ht vi dung dch
HNO3 s thu c th tch N2 (ktc) l :
A. 0,672 lt. B. 0,896 lt. C. 0,448 lt. D. 0,336 lt.
Cu 115: Cho m gam hn hp X gm bt Al v Al(NO3)3 trong khng kh n khi lng khng
i thu c m gam cht duy nht l Al2O3. Nu cho m gam hn hp X tc dng vi dung dch
HNO3 long d thu c 18,144 lt NO (ktc, sn phm kh duy nht) v dung dch Y. C cn
dung dch Y thu c bao nhiu gam cht rn khan ?

Cu 116: Ha tan hon ton m gam Al trong dung dch H2SO4 61% (c khi lng ring 1,51
g/ml), un nng, thy gii phng kh mi hc xc, 2,88 gam cht rn vng nht v dung dch D.
Cho hp thu ht lng lng kh trn vo dung dch nc vi trong d, thu c 21,6 gam kt ta.
Cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Gi tr ca m l :
Cu 117: 27 gam Al ngoi khng kh, sau mt thi gian thu c 39,8 gam hn hp X (Al,
Al2O3). Cho hn hp X tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 c nng d thu c V lt kh SO2 (ktc).
Gi tr ca V l :
A. 15,68. B. 16,8 . C. 33,6. D. 31,16.
Cu 118: Cho 7,22 gam hn hp X gm Fe v mt kim loi M c ho tr khng i, chia X thnh 2
phn bng nhau. Phn 1 tc dng vi HCl d thu c 2,128 lt kh (ktc). Phn 2 cho tc dng vi
dung dch HNO3 d thu c 1,792 lt NO l sn phm kh duy nht (ktc). Kim loi M v % M
trong hn hp l :
A. Al vi 53,68%. B. Cu vi 25,87%. C. Al vi 22,44%. D. Zn vi 48,12%.
Cu 214*: Ha tan m gam hn hp A gm Fe v mt kim loi M (c ha tr khng i) trong dung
dch HCl d th thu c 1,008 lt kh (ktc) v dung dch cha 4,575 gam mui khan. Ha tan ht
cng lng hn hp A trn trong dung dch hn hp HNO3 c v H2SO4 nhit thch hp th
thu c 1,8816 lt hn hp hai kh (ktc) c t khi so vi H2 l 25,25. Kim loi M l :
A. Fe. B. Mg. C. Ca. D. Al.
Cu 120: Thm 2,16 gam nhm vo dung dch HNO3 rt long va thu c dung dch A v
khng thy kh thot ra. Thm NaOH d vo A n khi kt ta va tan ht th s mol NaOH
dng l:
Cu 121: Cho 16,5 gam hn hp Al v Al2O3 c t l v s mol 12:13 tc dng vi dung dch
HNO3 long va thu c dung dch X v 1,792 lt NO ktc. C cn dung dch X thu c bao
nhiu gam cht rn khan?
Cu 122: Ho tan hon ton 12,42 gam Al bng dung dch HNO3 long (d), thu c dung dch X
v 1,344 lt (ktc) hn hp kh Y gm hai kh l N2O v N2. T khi ca hn hp kh Y so vi kh
H2 l 18. C cn dung dch X, thu c m gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m l :
A. 34,08. B. 38,34. C. 106,38. D. 97,98.
loi. Gi tr V l :
A. 1,200. B. 1,480. C. 1,605. D. 1,855.
Cu 124*: Cho 29 gam hn hp gm Al, Cu v Ag tc dng va vi 950 ml dung dch HNO3
A. 98,20. B. 97,20. C. 98,75. D. 91,00.
Cu 125*: Ha tan 30 gam hn hp gm Al, Zn, Mg trong dung dch HNO3 d. Sau phn ng thu
A. 1,7. B. 1,4. C. 1,9. D. 1,8.
Cu 126*: Ha tan hon ton 5,525 gam mt kim loi trong dung dch HNO3 long c duy nht
phn ng.
A. 0,17. B. 0,425. C. 0,85. D. 0,2125.
Cu 127: Cho 8,64 gam Al vo dung dch X (to thnh bng cch ha tan 74,7 gam hn hp Y gm
CuCl2 v FeCl3 vo nc) Kt thc phn ng thu c 17,76 gam cht rn gm hai kim loi. T l
s mol FeCl3 : CuCl2 trong hn hp Y l :
A. 2:1. B. 3:2. C. 3:1. D. 5:3.
Cu 128: Cho 3,78 gam bt Al phn ng va vi dung dch mui XCl3 to thnh dung dch Y.
Khi lng cht tan trong dung dch Y gim 4,06 gam so vi dung dch XCl3. Xc nh cng thc
ca mui XCl3 l :
A. BCl3. B. CrCl3. C. FeCl3. D. AlCl3.
Cu 129: Cho m gam Al vo 100 ml dung dch cha Cu(NO3)2 0,5M v AgNO3 0,3M sau khi phn
ng kt thc thu c 5,16 gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l :
2+ +
Cu 130: Cho a mol Al vo dung dch cha b mol Cu v c mol Ag , kt thc phn ng thu c
dung dch cha 2 mui. Kt lun no sau y ng ?
A. c/3 a 2b/3. B. c/3 a < 2b/3 +c/3.
C. c/3 < a 2b/3. D. 2c/3 a 2b/3.
Cu 131: Cho x mol Al v y mol Zn vo dung dch cha z mol Fe2+ v t mol Cu2+. Bit 2t/3 < x.
Cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. iu kin ca y theo x, z, t dung dch thu c c cha 3 loi
ion kim loi l :
A. y < z 3x + t. B. y < z + t 3x/2.
C. y < 2z + 3x t. D. y < 2z 3x + 2t.
Cu 132: Cho a gam bt Al vo dung dch cha 0,1 mol AgNO3 ; 0,15 mol Cu(NO3)2 v 0,2 mol
Fe(NO3)3 thu c dung dch X v kt ta Y. Hy la chn gi tr ca a kt ta Y thu c cha
3 kim loi.
A. a 3,6 gam . B. 2,7 gam < a < 5,4 gam.
C. 3,6 gam < a 9 gam. D. 5,4 gam < a 9 gam.
Cu 133: Cho 8,3 gam hn hp gm Al v Fe tc dng vi 1 lt dung dch A gm AgNO3 0,1M v
Cu(NO3)2 0,2M sau khi phn ng kt thc thu c cht rn B (khng tc dng vi dung dch HCl)
v dung dch C khng c mu xanh ca Cu2+. Khi lng cht rn B v % Al c trong hn hp l :
A. 23,6 gam v 32,53%. B. 24,8 gam v 31,18%.
C. 25,7 gam v 33,14%. D. 24,6 gam v 32,18%.
Cu 134: Dung dch X cha AgNO3 v Cu(NO3)2. Thm 1 lng hn hp gm 0,03 mol Al v 0,05
mol Fe vo 100 ml dung dch X cho ti khi phn ng kt thc thu c 8,12 gam cht rn Y gm 3
kim loi. Cho Y vo dung dch HCl d thu c 0,672 lt kh (ktc). Tng nng ca 2 mui l :
A. 0,3M. B. 0,8M. C. 0,42M. D. 0,45M.
Cu 135: Ha tan hon ton 5,64 gam Cu(NO3)2 v 1,7 gam AgNO3 vo nc c 101,43 gam
dung dch A. Cho 1,57 gam bt kim loi gm Zn v Al vo dung dch A v khuy u. Sau khi
phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c phn rn B v dung dch D ch cha 2 mui. Ngm B trong
dung dch H2SO4 long khng thy c kh thot ra. Nng mi mui c trong dung dch D l :
A. C%Al(NO3)3 = 21,3% v C%Zn(NO3)2 = 3,78%.
B. C%Al(NO3)3 = 2,13% v C%Zn(NO3)2 = 37,8%.
C. C%Al(NO3)3 = 2,13% v C%Zn(NO3)2 = 3,78%.
D. C%Al(NO3)3 = 21,3% v C%Zn(NO3)2 = 37,8%.
Cu 136: Chia hn hp X gm Na, Mg v Al thnh 2 phn bng nhau. Phn 1 ho tan hon ton
trong dung dch HNO3 thu c 2,24 lt kh N2 (ktc). Phn 2 cho tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4
long thu c V lt kh H2 (ktc). Gi tr ca V l :
A. 4,48. B. 5,6. C. 13,44. D. 11,2
Cu 137: So snh th tch kh H2 thu c (V1) khi cho Al tc dng vi lng d dung dch NaOH
v th tch kh N2 (l sn phm kh duy nht) thu c (V2) khi cho cng lng Al trn tc dng
vi dung dch HNO3 long d ta thy (Bit cc th tch kh o cng iu kin nhit v p sut):
A. V1 = 5V2. B. V2 = 5V1. C. V1 = V2. D. V1 = 2,5V2.
Cu 138: Cho 5,4 gam Al vo dung dch cha 0,15 mol HCl v 0,3 mol CuSO4, sau mt thi gian
thu c 1,68 lt H2 (ktc), dung dch Y, cht rn Z. Cho dung dch Y tc dng vi dung dch NH3
d thu c 7,8 gam kt ta. Khi lng ca cht rn Z l :
A. 51,72%. B. 76,70%. C. 53,85%. D. 56,36%.
Cu 140: Mt hn hp Al, Fe2O3 em tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c 3,36 lt H2 (ktc).
Nu nung nng hn hp n phn ng hon ton thu c 18,2 gam rn. Khi lng Al, Fe2O3 ban
u ln lt l :
A. 2,7 gam ; 16 gam. B. 2,7 gam ; 8 gam.
C. 2,7 gam ; 15,5 gam. D. 2,7 gam ; 24 gam.
Cu 141: Thc hin phn ng nhit nhm khng hon ton m gam hn hp gm Al v Fe3O4.
ho tan ht cc cht tan c trong dung dch KOH th cn dng 400 gam dung dch KOH 11,2%,
khng c kh thot ra. Sau khi ho tan bng dung dch KOH, phn cht rn cn li c khi lng 73,6
gam. Gi tr ca m l :
Cu 142: Mt hn hp X gm Al, Fe2O3 em tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c 3,36 lt H2
(ktc). Nu nung nng X n phn ng hon ton thu c 18,7 gam rn Y. Thnh phn cc cht
trong Y l :
A. Al2O3, Fe. B. Fe, Al2O3, Al.
C. Al2O3, Fe2O3, Fe. D. Al, Fe, Al2O3, Fe2O3.
Cu 143: Khi cho 41,4 gam hn hp X gm Fe2O3, Cr2O3 v Al2O3 tc dng vi dung dch NaOH
c (d), sau phn ng thu c cht rn c khi lng 16 gam. kh hon ton 41,4 gam X bng
phn ng nhit nhm, phi dng 10,8 gam Al. Thnh phn phn trm theo khi lng ca Al2O3
trong hn hp X l :
A. 50,67%. B. 24,63%. C. 66,67%. D. 36,71%.
Cu 144: Hn hp X gm a mol Al v b mol Fe2O3. Hn hp Y gm b mol Al v a mol Fe2O3.
Thc hin phn ng nhit nhm i vi hn hp X v hn hp Y (hiu sut 100%), sau khi phn
ng kt thc thu c hn hp tng ng l X c khi lng l 24,1 gam v hn hp Y. X l hn
hp X bng dung dch NaOH d thu c 3,36 lt kh H2 (ktc). X l hn hp Y bng dung dch
HCl 1M va cn V lt. Gi tr ca V l :
A. 2 lt. B. 2,1 lt. C. 1,5 lt. D. 1,3 lt.
Cu 145: Cho m gam hn hp X gm Fe3O4 v Al phn ng va ht vi 5,1 mol HCl. Cng m gam
hn hp trn em nung trong iu kin khng c khng kh, sau mt thi gian c hn hp Y (gi
s ch c phn ng kh oxit thnh kim loi). Hn hp Y phn ng vi va ht 4,5 mol HCl. Khi
lng ca Fe3O4 trong hn hp l :

Cu 146: Nung nng m gam hn hp gm Al v Fe3O4 trong iu kin khng c khng kh. Sau
khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c hn hp rn X. Cho X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH (d)
thu c dung dch Y, cht rn Z v 3,36 lt kh H2 (ktc). Sc kh CO2 (d) vo dung dch Y, thu
c 39 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l :
A. 48,3. B. 45,6. C. 36,7. D. 57,0.
Cu 147: t nng mt hn hp gm Al v 16 gam Fe2O3 (trong iu kin khng c khng kh)
n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c hn hp rn X. Cho X tc dng va vi V ml dung
dch NaOH 1M sinh ra 3,36 lt H2 (ktc). Gi tr ca V l :
A. 150. B. 100. C. 200. D. 300.
Cu 148: Mt hn hp X gm Al v Fe2O3. Thc hin phn ng nhit nhm hon ton thu c
hn hp Y. em Y tan ht trong dung dch H2SO4 thu c 7,84 lt H2 (ktc). Nu cho Y tc dng
NaOH d thy c 3,36 lt H2 (ktc). Khi lng Al trong hn hp X l :
Cu 149: Hn hp bt X gm Al v Fe2O3. Cho m gam hn hp X tc dng vi dung dch HCl d,
thu c 5,376 lt H2 (ktc). Nung nng m gam hn hp X thc hin hon ton phn ng nhit
nhm, thu c cht rn Y. Ha tan ht cht rn Y vi dung dch NaOH d thu c 0,672 lt lt H2
(ktc). ha tan ht m gam hn hp X cn bao nhiu ml dung dch hn hp HCl 1M v H2SO4
0,5M ?
A. 300 ml. B. 450 ml. C. 360 ml. D. 600 ml.
Cu 150: Cho m gam hn hp X gm Al v FeO c t l s mol tng ng l 3 : 2 tc dng vi
dung dch HNO3 long d thu c 4,928 lt kh NO (ktc) l sn phm kh duy nht v dung dch
A. Nu em nung m gam hn hp X n khi phn ng nhit nhm kt thc (gi s phn ng t
hiu sut 100%) thu c hn hp Y. Cho hn hp Y tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c V lt
kh H2 (ktc). Gi tr ca V l :
A. 6,048 lt. B. 6,272 lt. C. 5,824 lt. D. 6,496 lt.
Cu 151: Trn 6,48 gam Al vi 16 gam Fe2O3. Thc hin phn ng nhit nhm thu c cht rn
A. Khi cho A tc dng dung dch NaOH d thu c 1,344 lt kh H2 (ktc). Hiu sut phn ng
nhit nhm (c tnh theo cht thiu) l :
A. 100%. B. 85%. C. 80%. D. 75%.
Cu 152: Trn 6,48 gam Al vi 24 gam Fe2O3. Thc hin phn ng nhit nhm thu c cht rn
A. Khi cho A tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d, thy c 1,344 lt kh (ktc) thot ra. Hiu sut ca
phn ng nhit nhm l :
A. 83,33%. B. 50,33%. C. 66,67%. D. 75%.
Cu 153: Trn 10,8 gam Al vi 34,8 gam Fe3O4 ri phn ng nhit nhm c hn hp A (ch xy
ra kh Fe3O4 thnh Fe). Ha tan ht A bng HCl c 10,752 lt H2 (ktc). Hiu sut phn ng
nhit nhm v th tch dung dch HCl 2M cn dng l :
A. 80% v 1,08 lt. B. 75% v 8,96 lt.
C. 66,67% v 2,16 lt. D. 80% v 1,1325 lt.
Cu 154: 85,6 gam X gm Al v Fe2O3 em nung mt thi gian c m gam Y. Chia Y lm 2 phn
bng nhau:
- Phn 1: Ha tan trong dung dch NaOH d thy thot ra 3,36 lt kh (ktc).
- Phn 2: Ha tan ht trong HCl thy thot ra 10,08 lt kh (ktc). Hiu sut phn ng nhit
nhm l :
A. 32,09%. B. 75%. C. 25,23%. D. 40%.

Cu 155: Cho hn hp gm bt nhm v oxit st. Thc hin hon ton phn ng nhit nhm (gi
s ch c phn ng kh oxit st thnh Fe) thu c hn hp rn B c khi lng 19,82 gam. Chia
hn hp B thnh 2 phn bng nhau :
- Phn 1 : cho tc dng vi mt lng d dung dch NaOH thu c 1,68 lt kh H2 (ktc).
- Phn 2 : cho tc dng vi mt lng d dung dch HCl th c 3,472 lt kh H2 (ktc) thot ra.
Cng thc ca oxit st l :
A. Fe2O3. B. Fe3O4. C. FeO. D. Fe3O4 hoc FeO.
Cu 156: Cho hn hp A gm Al v mt oxit st. Chia A thnh 2 phn bng nhau :
Phn 1: cho tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long thu c 0,672 lt kh (ktc).
Phn 2: Phn ng nhit nhm hon ton, thu c hn hp B. Cho B tc dng vi dung dch
NaOH d thu c 134,4 ml kh (ktc) sau cho tip dung dch H2SO4 long, d c 0,4032 lt
H2 (ktc). Cng thc ca oxit st l :
A. Fe2O3. B. FeO. C. Fe3O4. D. FeO hoc Fe3O4.
Cu 157: C hn hp X gm nhm v mt oxit st. Nung nng hn hp X trong iu kin khng
c khng kh n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 96,6 gam cht rn Y. Ho tan 96,6 gam
cht rn Y trong NaOH d thu c 6,72 lt kh (ktc) v cn li mt phn khng tan A. Ho tan
hon ton A trong H2SO4 c nng c 30,24 lt (ktc) kh B.
Cng thc ca st oxit l :
A. Fe2O3. B. Fe3O4. C. FeO. D. FeO hoc Fe3O4.
Cu 158: Mt hn hp gm Al v mt oxit st, chia thnh 2 phn bng nhau.
- ho tan ht phn 1 cn 200 ml dung dch HCl 0,675M, thu c 0,84 lt H2 (ktc).
- Nung phn 2 n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, ly sn phm tc dng vi NaOH d thy cn
1,12 gam rn khng tan. Cng thc ca oxit st l :
A. Fe2O3. B. FeO. C. Fe3O4. D. FeO hoc Fe3O4.
Cu 159: Khi lng than ch cn dng sn xut 0,54 tn nhm bng phng php in phn
nhm oxit nng chy, bit rng lng kh oxi to ra cc dng t chy than ch thnh hn
hp CO v CO2 c t khi so vi hn hp H2S v PH3 l 1,176 l :
A. 306,45 kg. B. 205,71 kg. C. 420,56 kg. D. 180,96 kg.
Cu 160: in phn nng chy Al2O3 vi anot than ch (hiu sut in phn 100%) thu c m kg
A. 67,5. B. 54,0. C. 75,6. D. 108,0.
Cu 161: Cho hn hp X gm x mol NaOH v y mol Ba(OH)2 t t vo dung dch cha z mol
AlCl3 thy kt ta xut hin, kt ta tng dn v tan i mt phn. Lc thu c m gam kt ta. Gi
tr ca m l :
A. 78(4z - x - 2y). B. 78(2z - x - y). C. 78(4z - x - y). D. 78(2z - x - 2y).
Cu 162: Ho tan hon ton 47,4 gam phn chua KAl(SO4)2.12H2O vo nc, thu c dung dch
X. Cho ton b X tc dng vi 200 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 1M, sau phn ng thu c m gam kt
ta. Gi tr ca m l :
A. 7,8. B. 46,6. C. 54,4. D. 62,2.
Cu 163: Nh t t 0,25 lt dung dch NaOH 1,04M vo dung dch gm 0,024 mol FeCl3 ; 0,016
mol Al2(SO4)3 v 0,04 mol H2SO4 thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l :
A. 2,568. B. 1,560 C. 4,128. D. 5,064.

Cu 164: Dung dch X gm 0,2 mol HCl v 0,1 mol Al2(SO4)3. Hn hp A gm 0,44 mol Na v 0,2
mol Ba. Cho hn hp A vo dung dch X thu c kh H2, kt ta B v dung dch Y. Kt ta B em
nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c m gam cht rn C. Gi tr ca m l :
Cu 165: Thm m gam kali vo 300 ml dung dch cha Ba(OH)2 0,1M v NaOH 0,1M thu c
dung dch X. Cho t t dung dch X vo 200 ml dung dch Al2(SO4)3 0,1M thu c kt ta Y.
thu c lng kt ta Y ln nht th gi tr ca m l :
A. 1,59. B. 1,17. C. 1,71. D. 1,95.
Cu 166: Cho a mol bt nhm vo dung dch cha 1,2a mol CuSO4. Sau khi phn ng kt thc thu
c dung dch A v 98,64 gam cht rn. Cho 109,2 gam hn hp Na v K c t l mol tng ng
ln lt l 1:3 vo dung dch A thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l :
Cu 167: Ho tan 0,54 gam Al bng 0,5 lt dung dch H2SO4 0,1M thu c dung dch A. Thm V
lt dung dch NaOH 0,1M vo dung dch A cho n khi kt ta tan mt phn, lc kt ta nung
nhit cao n khi lng khng i thu c 0,51 gam cht rn. Gi tr V l :
A. 0,8 lt. B. 1,1 lt. C. 1,2 lt. D. 1,5 lt.
Cu 168: 200 ml gm MgCl2 0,3M ; AlCl3 0,45 M ; HCl 0,55M tc dng hon ton vi V lt gm
NaOH 0,02M v Ba(OH)2 0,01M. Gi tr ca V c kt ta ln nht v lng kt ta nh nht
l :
A. 1,25 lt v 1,475 lt. B. 1,25 lt v 14,75 lt.
C. 12,5 lt v 14,75 lt. D. 12,5 lt v 1,475 lt.
Cu 169: Thm NaOH vo dung dch cha 0,01 mol HCl v 0,01 mol AlCl3. Lng kt ta thu
c ln nht v nh nht ng vi s mol NaOH ln lt l :
A. 0,04 mol v 0,05 mol. B. 0,03 mol v 0,04 mol.
C. 0,01 mol v 0,02 mol. D. 0,02 mol v 0,03 mol.
Cu 170: Trong mt cc ng 200 ml dung dch AlCl3 2M. Rt vo cc V ml dung dch NaOH c
nng a mol/lt, ta c mt kt ta ; em sy kh v nung n khi lng khng i c 5,1
gam cht rn. Nu V = 200 ml th a c gi tr no ?
A. 2M. B. 1,5M hay 3M.
C. 1M hay 1,5M. D. 1,5M hay 7,5M.
Cu 171: Cho 8 gam Fe2(SO4)3 vo bnh cha 1 lt dung dch NaOH a M, khuy k phn ng
xy ra hon ton; tip tc thm vo bnh 13,68 gam Al2(SO4)3. Cui cng thu c 1,56 gam kt ta
keo trng. Gi tr nng a l :
A. 0,2M hoc 0,2M. B. 0,4M hoc 0,1M.
C. 0,38M hoc 0,18M. D. 0,42M hoc 0,18M.
Cu 172: Cho 7,872 gam hn hp X gm K v Na vo 200 ml dung dch Al(NO3)3 0,4M thu c
4,992 gam kt ta. Phn trm s mol K trong hn hp X l :
A. 46,3725%. B. 48,4375%.
C. 54,1250%. D. 40,3625% hoc 54,1250%.
Cu 173: Cho 23,45 gam hn hp X gm Ba v K vo 125 ml dung dch AlCl3 1M thu c V lt
kh H2 (ktc), dung dch A v 3,9 gam kt ta. V c gi tr l :
A. 10,08 lt. B. 3,92 lt.
C. 5,04 lt. D. 1,68 lt hoc 5,04 lt.

Cu 174: Cho m gam hn hp X gm 2 kim loi kim thuc 2 chu k lin tip tc dng vi 180 ml
dung dch Al2(SO4)3 1M thu c 15,6 gam kt ta, kh H2 v dung dch A. Nu cho m gam hn
hp X tc dng vi 240 gam dung dch HCl 18,25% thu c dung dch B v H2. C cn dung dch
B thu c 83,704 gam cht rn khan. Phn trm khi lng ca kim loi kim c khi lng
nguyn t nh l :
A. 28,22%. B. 37,10%. C. 16,43%. D. 12,85%.
Cu 175: Cho 200 ml dung dch AlCl31,5M tc dng vi V lt dung dch NaOH 0,5M, lng kt
ta thu c l 15,6 gam. Gi tr ln nht ca V l :
A. 1,2. B. 1,8. C. 2,4. D. 2.
Cu 176: Cho V lt dung dch NaOH 2M vo dung dch cha 0,1 mol Al2(SO4)3 v 0,1 mol H2SO4
n khi phn ng hon ton, thu c 7,8 gam kt ta. Gi tr ln nht ca V thu c lng kt
ta trn l :
A. 0,45. B. 0,35. C. 0,25. D. 0,05.
Cu 177: Mt cc thu tinh cha 200 ml dung dch AlCl3 0,2M. Cho t t vo cc V ml dung dch
NaOH 0,5M. Tnh khi lng kt ta nh nht khi V bin thin trong on 200 ml V 280 ml.
Cu 178: Cho m gam Al tc dng vi dung dch HCl 18,25% va thu c dung dch A v kh
H2. Thm m gam Na vo dung dch A thu c 3,51 gam kt ta. Khi lng ca dung dch A l :
Cu 179: Cho 200 ml dung dch Al2(SO4)3 tc dng vi dung dch NaOH 1M ngi ta nhn thy
khi dng 220 ml dung dch NaOH hay dng 60 ml dung dch NaOH trn th vn thu c lng kt
ta bng nhau. Nng M ca dung dch Al2(SO4)3 ban u l :
A. 0,125M. B. 0,25M. C. 0,3M. D. 0,15M.
Cu 180: Khi cho V ml hay 3V ml dung dch NaOH 2M tc dng vi 400 ml dung dch AlCl3 nng
x mol/l ta u cng thu c mt lng cht kt ta c khi lng l 7,8 gam. Gi tr ca x l :
A. 0,75M. B. 0,625M. C. 0,25M. D.0,75M hoc 0,25M.
Cu 181: X l dung dch NaOH C%. Ly 18 gam X hoc 74 gam X tc dng vi 400 ml AlCl3
0,1M th lng kt ta vn nh nhau. Gi tr ca C l :
A. 4. B. 8. C. 7,2. D. 3,6.
Cu 182: Thm 240 ml dung dch NaOH 1M vo mt cc thu tinh ng 100 ml dung dch AlCl3
nng x mol/lt, khuy u n phn ng hon ton thy trong cc c 0,08 mol cht kt ta. Thm
tip 100 ml dung dch NaOH 1M vo cc, khuy u n phn ng hon ton thy trong cc c
0,06 mol cht kt ta. Gi tr ca x l :
A. 0,75M. B. 1M. C. 0,5M. D. 0,8M.
Cu 183: Thm 150 ml dung dch NaOH 2M vo mt cc ng 100 ml dung dch AlCl3 nng x
mol/l, sau khi phn ng hon ton thy trong cc c 0,1 mol cht kt ta. Thm tip 100 ml dung
dch NaOH 2M vo cc, sau khi phn ng hon ton thy trong cc c 0,14 mol cht kt ta. Gi tr
ca x l :
A. 1,6M. B. 1,0M. C. 0,8M. D. 2,0M.
Cu 184: Cho 100 ml dung dch Al2(SO4)3 aM tc dng vi 100 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 3aM thu
c kt ta A. Nung A n khi lng khng i th khi lng cht rn thu c b hn khi
lng A l 5,4 gam. Gi tr ca a l :
A. 0,5M. B. 1M. C. 0,6M. D. 0,4M.
Cu 185: Cho 500 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,1M vo V ml dung dch Al2(SO4)3 0,1M; sau khi cc
phn ng kt thc thu c 12,045 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca V l
A. 75. B. 150. C. 300. D. 200.

Cu 186: Trn m gam dung dch AlCl3 13,35% vi m gam dung dch Al2(SO4)3 17,1% thu c
350 gam dung dch A trong s mol ion Cl- bng 1,5 ln s mol SO42-. Thm 81,515 gam Ba vo
dung dch A thu c bao nhiu gam kt ta ?
Cu 187: Dung dch X gm 0,1 mol H , z mol Al , t mol NO3 v 0,02 mol SO42-. Cho 120 ml
+ 3+ -
dung dch Y gm KOH 1,2M v Ba(OH)2 0,1M vo X, sau khi cc phn ng kt thc, thu c
3,732 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca z, t ln lt l :
A. 0,020 v 0,012. B. 0,020 v 0,120. C. 0,012 v 0,096. D. 0,120 v 0,020.
Cu 188: Cho 400 ml dung dch E gm AlCl3 x mol/lt v Al2(SO4)3 y mol/lt tc dng vi 612 ml
dung dch NaOH 1M, sau khi cc phn ng kt thc thu c 8,424 gam kt ta. Mt khc, khi cho
400 ml E tc dng vi dung dch BaCl2 (d) th thu c 33,552 gam kt ta. T l x : y l :
A. 4 : 3. B. 3 : 4. C. 7 : 4. D. 3 : 2.
Cu 189: Thm t t dung dch HCl 0,1M vo 100 ml dung dch A cha NaOH 0,1M v NaAlO2
0,3M, thu c kt ta. Lc kt ta, nung nhit cao n khi lng khng i thu c 1,02
gam cht rn. Th tch dung dch HCl dng l :
A. 0,5 lt. B. 0,6 lt. C. 0,7 lt. D. 0,8 lt.
Cu 190: Thm t t dung dch HCl 0,1M vo 200 ml dung dch A cha KOH 0,05M v NaAlO2
0,15M, thu c kt ta. Lc kt ta, nung nhit cao n khi lng khng i thu c 1,02
gam cht rn. Th tch dung dch HCl dng l :
A. 0,3 lt. B. 0,6 lt. C. 0,7 lt. D. 0,3 lt hoc 0,7 lt.
Cu 191: Cho 38,775 gam hn hp bt Al v AlCl3 vo lng va dung dch NaOH thu c
dung dch A (kt ta va tan ht) v 6,72 lt H2 (ktc). Thm 250 ml dung dch HCl vo dung dch
A thu c 21,84 gam kt ta. Nng M ca dung dch HCl l :
A. 1,12M hoc 2,48M. B. 2,24M hoc 2,48M.
C. 1,12M hoc 3,84M. D. 2,24M hoc 3,84M.
Cu 192: Cho m gam hn hp cht rn gm Na, Na2O v NaOH vo dung dch cha 0,2 mol AlCl3,
thu c dung dch X v 12,48 gam kt ta. Cho dung dch HCl d vo dung dch X thu c dung
dch Y. C cn dung dch Y thu c p gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca p l :
C. 33,42 gam hoc 64,14 gam. D. 42,78 gam hoc 54,78 gam.
Cu 193: Cho m gam Al2O3 vo 200 gam dung dch hn hp X gm NaOH a% v KOH b% un
nng. Sau khi phn ng kt thc dung dch Y v (m 69,36) gam cht rn khng tan. Nu cho 200
gam X tc dng va vi dung dch HNO3 12,6% thu c dung dch Z trong nng % ca
NaNO3 l 5,409%. Gi tr ca b l :
A. 11,2%. B. 5,6%. C. 22,4%. D. 16,8%.
Cu 194: Ha tan hon ton m gam hn hp gm Na2O v Al2O3 vo nc thu c dung dch X
trong sut. Thm t t dung dch HCl 1M vo X, khi ht 100 ml th bt u xut hin kt ta; khi
ht 300 ml hoc 700 ml th u thu c a gam kt ta. Gi tr ca a v m ln lt l
A. 23,4 v 56,3. B. 23,4 v 35,9. C. 15,6 v 27,7. D. 15,6 v 55,4.
Cu 195: Cho dung dch A cha 0,05 mol Na[Al(OH)4] v 0,1 mol NaOH tc dng vi dung dch
HCl 2M. Th tch dung dch HCl 2M ln nht cn cho vo dung dch A xut hin 1,56 gam kt
ta l :
A. 0,06 lt. B. 0,18 lt. C. 0,12 lt. D. 0,08 lt.
Cu 196: Cho 200 ml dung dch H2SO4 0,5M vo mt dung dch c cha a mol NaAlO2 c 7,8
gam kt ta. Gi tr ca a l :
A. 0,025. B. 0,05. C. 0,1. D. 0,125.

Cu 197: Ho tan hon ton 10,5 gam hn hp hai kim loi K v Al bng nc (d), sau phn ng
thu c dung dch X. Thm t t dung dch HCl 1M vo dung dch X: lc u khng c kt ta,
khi thm c 200 ml dung dch HCl 1M th lng kt ta thu c l ln nht. Thnh phn phn
trm v khi lng ca tng kim loi ln lt trong hn hp u l :
A. 74,29% v 25,71%. B. 78,54% v 21,46%.
C. 54,68% v 45,32%. D. 67,75% v 32,25.
Cu 198: Cho 7,3 gam hn hp gm Na v Al tan ht vo nc c dung dch X v 5,6 lt kh
(ktc). Th tch dung dch HCl 1M cn cho vo dung dch X c lng kt ta ln nht l :
A. 150 ml. B. 200 ml. C. 100 ml. D. 250 ml.
Cu 199: Cho 11,15 gam hn hp 2 kim loi gm Al v 1 kim loi kim M vo trong nc. Sau
phn ng ch thu c dung dch B v v 9,52 lt kh ( ktc). Cho t t dung dch HCl vo dung
dch B thu c mt lng kt ta ln nht. Lc v cn kt ta c 15,6 gam. Kim loi kim
l :
Cu 200: Cho m gam hn hp Al - Ba (t l mol tng ng l 2 : 1) tan ht trong 500 ml dung dch
NaOH 1M thu c dung dch X v 8,96 lt kh. Th tch dung dch HCl 1M cn thm vo dung
dch X sau phn ng thu c kt ta ln nht l :
A. 900 ml. B. 500 ml. C. 200 ml. D. 700 ml.
Cu 201: Cho 2,7 gam Al vo 100 ml dung dch cha ng thi HCl 1M v H2SO4 1,5M thu c
dung dch X. Tnh th tch dung dch cha ng thi Ba(OH)2 0,5M v NaOH 0,6M cn cho vo
dung dch X thu c lng kt ta ln nht ?
A. 250 ml. B. 300 ml. C. 350 ml. D. 400 ml.
Cu 202: 16,9 gam hn hp Na, Al ha tan ht vo nc d thu c dung dch X. Cho X phn
ng va ht 0,8 mol HCl c 7,8 gam kt ta. Tnh khi lng Al ban u.
Cu 203: Hn hp cha a mol Al4C3 v b mol BaO ha tan hon ton vo nc ch c dung dch
cha 1 cht tan. T s a/b l :
A. 2/3. B. 3/2. C. 1/1. D. 1/2.
Cu 204: Cho hn hp X gm a mol Al v 0,2 mol Al2O3 tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d thu
c dung dch Y. Dn kh CO2 d vo Y c kt ta Z. Lc ly Z em nung nng n khi lng
khng i thu c 40,8 gam cht rn C. Gi tr ca a l :
A. 0,25 . B. 0,3, C. 0,34, D. 0,4.
Cu 205: Ho tan hon ton 0,3 mol hn hp gm Al v Al4C3 vo dung dch KOH (d), thu c
a mol hn hp kh v dung dch X. Sc kh CO2 (d) vo dung dch X, lng kt ta thu c l
46,8 gam. Gi tr ca a l :
A. 0,55. B. 0,60. C. 0,40. D. 0,45.
Cu 206: Hn hp A gm Na v Al4C3 ha tan vo nc ch thu c dung dch B v 3,36 lt kh
C. Khi lng Na ti thiu cn dng l :
Cu 207: Ho tan a mol Al bng dung dch HNO3 long va thu c dung dch A (khng c
mui NH4NO3) v V lt kh NO duy nht (ktc). Ho tan 1,2a mol Al2O3 bng dung dch NaOH va
thu c dung dch B. Trn dung dch A v dung dch B thu c 14,04 gam kt ta. V c gi tr
l:
A. 1,26 lt. B. 1,08 lt. C. 1,44 lt. D. 1,68 lt.

Cu 208: Cho m gam Al4C3 phn ng va ht vi lng dung dch c 0,03 mol HCl, c dung
dch X. Mt khc cho m gam Al4C3 k trn phn ng va ht vi dung dch c 0,04 mol KOH
c dung dch Y. Trn ln ton b X v Y k trn vi nhau c hn hp Z cha bao nhiu mol
mui nhm :
Cu 209: Cho V1 ml dung dch AlCl3 1M v V2 ml dung dch Na[Al(OH)4] 0,75M thu c V1+V2
ml dung dch X cha 2 mui NaCl, AlCl3 v 37,44 gam kt ta. C cn dung dch X thu c 42,42
gam cht rn khan. V1+V2 c gi tr l :
A. 700 ml. B. 760 ml. C. 820 ml. D. 840 ml.
Cu 210: Cho m gam bt nhm vo 400 gam dung dch FeCl3 16,25% thu c dung dch X gm 3
mui AlCl3, FeCl2, FeCl3 trong nng % ca FeCl2 v FeCl3 bng nhau. Nng % AlCl3
trong dung dch X l :
A. 2,49%. B. 3,25%. C. 2,47%. D. 3,65%.
Cu 211: Ho tan 34,64 gam hn hp Al2O3 v Fe2O3 bng dung dch H2SO4 19,6% va thu
c dung dch X trong nng % ca Fe2(SO4)3 l 13,188%. Nng % ca Al2(SO4)3 trong
dung dch X l :
A. 8,689%. B. 9,665%. C. 12,364%. D. 14,248%.
Cu 212: Dung dch X gm MgSO4 v Al2(SO4)3. Cho 400 ml dung dch X tc dng vi dung dch
NH3 d thu c 65,36 gam kt ta. Mt khc nu cho 200 ml dung dch X tc dng vi dung dch
Ba(OH)2 d thu c 151,41 gam kt ta. Nu thm m gam NaOH vo 500 ml dung dch X thu
c 70 gam kt ta. Gi tr ln nht ca m l :
Cu 213: Cho 240 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 1M vo 200 ml dung dch hn hp AlCl3 a mol/l v
Al2(SO4)3 2a mol/l thu c 51,3 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca a l :
A. 0,12 . B. 0,16 . C. 0,15 . D. 0,2.
Cu 214: ho tan m gam hn hp X gm bt ca 3 oxit Al2O3, FeO, CuO c cng s mol cn
240 gam dung dch HCl 18,25%. Thm mt lng bt nhm cn thit vo m gam hn hp X
thc hin phn ng nhit nhm, sau phn ng nhit nhm thu c cht rn Y gm Al2O3, Fe v
Cu. X l hn hp Y bng V ml dung dch hn hp NaOH 1M v Ba(OH)2 0,5M un nng sau phn
ng cn 20,928 gam cht rn khng tan. Gi tr ca V l :
A. 124 ml. B. 136 ml. C. 148 ml. D. 160 ml.
Cu 215: Cho m gam bt nhm tc dng vi dung dch X gm HCl 1M v H2SO4 0,5M va , thu
c dung dch Y, khi lng dung dch Y tng (m 1,08) gam so vi khi lng dung dch X.
Cho 46,716 gam hn hp Na v Ba c t l s mol nNa: nBa = 4 : 1 vo dung dch Y thu c p gam
kt ta. Gi tr ca p l :
Cu 216: Oxi ho 7,56 gam hn hp X gm Mg v Al c khi lng mol trung bnh l 25,2 g/mol
bng mt lng va hn hp kh Cl2 v O2 (ktc) c t khi so vi hiro l 20,756, thu c hn
hp Y. ho tan ht hn hp Y cn ti thiu bao nhiu gam dung dch HCl 18,25% (gi s lng
mui ho tan trong dung dch sau phn ng khng vt qu tan) ?
Cu 217: Dung dch X cha 0,15 mol Fe ; x mol Al ; 0,25 mol SO4 v y mol Cl-. Cho 710 ml
3+ 3+ 2-
dung dch Ba(OH)2 1M vo dung dch X thu c 92,24 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca x v y ln lt l :

A. 0,23 v 0,64. B. 0,5 v 0,45. C. 0,3 v 0,85. D. 0,3 v 0,45.

Cu 218: Nung m gam hn hp Al(NO3)3 v Cu(NO3)2 c t l s mol 1:1 n khi phn ng hon
ton thu c cht rn A v hn hp kh B. Trn 0,336 lt kh NO2 (ktc) vo hn hp kh B sau
hp th ton b kh vo nc thu c 800 ml dung dch c pH =1. m c gi tr l :
Cu 219*: Cho m gam Na vo 250 ml dung dch hn hp gm HCl 0,5M v AlCl3 0,4M. Sau phn
ng thu c kt ta c khi lng l (m 3,995) gam. m c gi tr l :
A. 7,728 gam hoc 12,788 gam. B. 10,235 gam.
C. 7,728 gam. D. 10,235 gam hoc 10,304 gam.
Cu 220*: Rt t t 200 gam dung dch NaOH 8% vo 150 gam dung dch AlCl3 10,68% thu c
kt ta v dung dch X. Cho thm m gam dung dch HCl 18,25% vo dung dch X thu c 1,17
gam kt ta v dung dch Y. Khi lng ca dung dch Y l :
C. 345,59 gam hoc 365,59 gam. D. 345,59 gam hoc 371,83.
Cu 221*: Cho m gam hn hp gm 1 kim loi kim M v Al vo nc d thu c dung dch A,
0,4687m gam cht rn khng tan v 7,2128 lt H2 (ktc). Cho dung dch HCl vo dung dch A,
ngoi kt ta cn thu c dung dch B. C cn dung dch B thu c 11,9945 gam cht rn khan.
m c gi tr l :
A. 20. B. 10,3. C. 15,15 hoc 10,3. D. 15,15 hoc 10,5.
Cu 222*: Cho m gam hn hp X gm Ba, BaO, Al vo nc d sau khi phn ng kt thc thu
c dung dch A, 3,024 lt kh (ktc) v 0,54 gam cht rn khng tan. Rt 110 ml dung dch HCl
1M vo dung dch A thu c 5,46 gam kt ta. m c gi tr l :
Cu 223*: Cho m gam hn hp Al v 3 oxit ca st trong Al chim 13,43% v khi lng tc
dng vi dung dch HNO3 long d thu c dung dch X (khng cha NH4NO3) v 5,6 lt NO
(ktc). C cn dung dch A thu c 151,5 gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m l :
Cu 224*: Ho tan ht m gam hn hp A gm Al v FexOy bng dung dch HNO3, thu c phn
kh gm 0,05 mol NO, 0,03 mol N2O v dung dch D (khng cha NH4NO3). C cn dung dch D,
thu c 37,95 gam hn hp mui khan. Nu ho tan lng mui ny trong dung dch xt d th
thu c 6,42 gam kt ta mu nu . Gi tr ca m v cng thc ca FexOy l :
A. 7,29 gam; FeO. B. 9,72 gam; Fe3O4.
C. 9,72 gam; Fe2O3. D. 7,29 gam; Fe3O4.
Cu 225*: Dung dch A gm NaOH 1M v Ba(OH)2 0,5M. Dung dch B gm AlCl3 1M v
Al2(SO4)3 0,5M. Cho V1 lt dung dch A vo V2 lt dung dch B thu dung dch 56,916 gam kt ta.
Nu cho dung dch BaCl2 d vo V2 lt dung dch B thu c 41,94 gam kt ta. T l V1:V2 l gi
tr no sau y ?
A. 2,815 hoc 3,6. B. 2,815 hoc 3,2. C. 2,56 hoc 3,2. D. 3,38 hoc 3,6.
Cu 226*: Cho 11,16 gam gm Al v kim loi M c t l s mol nAl : nM = 5: 6 bng dung dch HCl
18,25% va thu c dung dch X trong nng % ca AlCl3 l 11,81%. Kim loi M l :
A. Zn. B. Mg. C. Fe. D. Cr.

Nhng a con h
(Dn tr) - ngi lng n c ngi n ng rt giu. Tuy nhin ng cng n tui gn t xa
tri. Ngh mnh chng cn sng c bao lu, ng tnh ton gia ti ri chia u cho cc con trai.
Th nhng n vi nm sau thn cht vn cha g ca. cng chnh l nhng nm thng khn
kh ca ng gi giu c m ngho tnh cm. ng chu ng bnh tt, mt mi tui gi nh,
nhng au lng hn l s i x tn c t chnh nhng ngi con ca ng. Chng ch bit mnh, ch
k v v n. Trc y chng tranh ginh vic chm sc ng ct sao ng hi lng chia nhiu ca
ci tin bc hn cho chng. T khi ng chia ht gia ti, chng chng thm quan tm n ng na,
chng b ng nay m mai au, i kht v ch mong ng sm yn ngh rnh n.
Mt ngy n, ng gi khn kh gp li ngi bn thn thi nin thiu. ng k v hon cnh tr tru
ca mnh. Ngi bn gi chm ch lng nghe, sau ha s gip ng.
Vi ngy sau, ngi bn quay tr li thm ng, em theo 4 chic ti rt nng.
Nhn ny ngi bn yu qu ca ti, ng bn ni. Nhng a con ca bn s bit ti n thm

bn v chng rt t m y. Bn hy gi v rng ti n tr bn mn n ngy xa ti vay, v
hin gi bn c hng nghn ng rp, giu c hn c trc y. Bn ct gi cn thn bn chic ti
ny nh, ng cho chng nhn thy bn trong c g khi bn vn cn ang sng. Bn s c chm
sc t t n cui i. Ti s sm quay li thm sc kho ca bn sau.
Khi nhng ngi con trai bit tin cha mnh ang rt giu c, chng thay i hn thi v li c
gng chm sc, lm hi lng ngi cha hn bao gi ht. Cho n ngy ng c nh nhng cht hi
th cui cng, nhng chic ti c m ra vi lng tham lam ngp trn tm hn nhng a con.
Tuy nhin ch l nhng chic ti cha y v si.

CHUYN 3: CROM, ST, NG, NIKEN, CH, KM,

VNG, BC, THIC
BI 1 : CROM V HP CHT CA CROM
A. L THUYT
PHN 1 : CROM
I. V tr v cu to
1. V tr ca crom trong bng tun hon
Crom l kim loi chuyn tip, thuc nhm VIB, chu k 4, c s hiu nguyn t l 24.
2. Cu to ca crom
a. Cu hnh electron nguyn t
Nguyn t crom c 24 electron, c phn b thnh 4 lp : Lp th nht c 2e, lp th hai c
8e, lp th ba c 13e v lp ngoi cng c 1e. Crom l nguyn t d, c cu hnh electron nguyn t
1s22s22p63s23p63d54s1, hoc c th vit gn l [Ar]3d54s1 v vit di dng lng t l :

5
[Ar] 3d 4s1
Nhng kim loi nhm A, nh kim loi kim (nhm IA), kim loi kim th (nhm IIA) v nhm
(nhm IIIA) ch c electron lp ngoi cng tham gia phn ng ho hc v trong hp cht, chng c
s oxi ho khng i. Khc vi chng, nguyn t crom khi tham gia phn ng ho hc khng ch c
electron phn lp 4s, m c c electron phn lp 3d. Do , trong cc hp cht, crom c s oxi
ho bin i t +1 n +6. Ph bin hn c l cc s oxi ho +2, +3, +6.
b. Cu to ca n cht
nhit thng, kim loi crom c cu to mng tinh th lp phng tm khi l kiu mng
c cu to c chc.
3. Mt s tnh cht khc
Bng di y cho bit mt s tnh cht khc ca crom :
Bn Nng lng ion ho
Bn knh ion (nm)
knh (kJ/mol) Eo
m (V)
nguyn Cr 3 + / Cr
i n I1 I2 I3 Cr2+ Cr3+
t (nm)
0,13 1,61 650 1590 2990 0,74 0,084 0,069
II. Tnh cht vt l
Crom c mu trng nh bc, rt cng (rch c thu tinh, cng nht trong s cc kim loi,
cng ch km kim cng), kh nng chy (tnc 1890oC). Crom l kim loi nng, c khi lng ring
l 7,2 g/cm3.
III. Tnh cht ho hc
Ging nh kim loi nhm, nhit thng trong khng kh, kim loi crom to ra mng mng
crom(III) oxit c cu to mn, c chc v bn vng bo v. nhit cao, crom kh c nhiu
phi kim. V d :
o +3
o
t
4 Cr + 3O2 2 Cr2 O3
o +3
o
t
2 Cr + 3Cl2 2 Cr Cl3
2. Tc dng vi nc
Crom c th in cc chun nh ( E o Cr3+ = 0,86 V), nhng khng tc dng c vi nc do
Cr
c mng oxit bo v.
3. Tc dng vi axit
Trong dung dch HCl, H2SO4 long nng, mng oxit b ph hu, crom kh ion H+ to ra mui
Cr(II) v kh hiro.
o +2
Cr + 2HCl Cr Cl 2 + H2
Tng t nhm, crom khng tc dng vi axit HNO3 v H2SO4 c, ngui m cc axit ny lm
cho kim loi crom tr nn th ng.
IV. ng dng
Crom c nhiu ng dng thit thc trong cng nghip v trong i sng.
Trong cng nghip, crom c dng sn xut thp :
- Thp cha t 2,8 3,8% crom c cng cao, bn, c kh nng chng g.
- Thp c cha 18% crom l thp khng g (thp inoc).
- Thp cha t 25 30% crom c tnh siu cng, d nhit cao.
Trong i sng, nhiu vt bng thp c m crom. Lp m crom va c tc dng bo v
kim loi khi b n mn, va to v p cho vt. V d, b n, dng c nh bp v nhng
vt khc c m crom.
V. Sn xut
Trong t nhin khng c crom dng n cht m ch c dng hp cht (chim 0,03% khi
lng v Tri t). Hp cht ph bin nht ca crom l qung cromit st FeO.Cr2O3, qung ny
thng c ln Al2O3 v SiO2.
Oxit crom (Cr2O3) c tch ra t qung. Sau iu ch crom bng phng php nhit nhm :
to
Cr2O3 + 2Al 2Cr + Al2O3
Bng phng php ny, crom iu ch c c tinh khit t 97 99%, tp cht ch yu l
nhm, st, silic.
PHN 2 : HP CHT CA CROM

I. Hp cht crom(II)
1. Crom(II) oxit, CrO
CrO l mt oxit baz, tc dng vi dung dch HCl, H2SO4 long to thnh mui crom(II) :
CrO + 2HCl CrCl2 + H2O
CrO c tnh kh, trong khng kh CrO d b oxi ho thnh crom(III) oxit Cr2O3.
2. Crom(II) hiroxit, Cr(OH)2
Cr(OH)2 l cht rn, mu vng, c iu ch t mui crom(II) v dung dch kim (khng
c khng kh) :
CrCl2 + 2NaOH Cr(OH)2 + 2NaCl
Cr(OH)2 c tnh kh, trong khng kh Cr(OH)2 b oxi ho thnh Cr(OH)3 :
4Cr(OH)2 + O2 + 2H2O 4Cr(OH)3
Cr(OH)2 l mt baz, tc dng vi dung dch axit to thnh mui crom(II) :
Cr(OH)2 + 2HCl CrCl2 + 2H2O

3. Mui crom(II)
Mui crom(II) c tnh kh mnh. V d, dung dch mui CrCl2 tc dng d dng vi kh clo,
to thnh mui crom(III) clorua :
2CrCl2 + Cl2 2CrCl3
II. Hp cht crom(III)
1. Crom(III) oxit, Cr2O3
Cr2O3 l mt oxit lng tnh, tan trong axit v kim c. Cr2O3 c dng to mu lc cho
s, thu tinh.
2. Crom(III) hiroxit, Cr(OH)3
Cr(OH)3 c iu ch bng phn ng trao i gia mui crom(III) v dung dch baz :
CrCl3 + 3NaOH Cr(OH)3 + 3NaCl
Cr(OH)3 l hiroxit lng tnh, tan c trong dung dch axit v dung dch kim :
Cr(OH)3 + NaOH Na [ Cr(OH)4 ] (hay NaCrO2)
natri cromit
Cr(OH)3 + 3HCl CrCl3 + 3H2O
3. Mui crom(III)
Mui crom(III) c tnh oxi ho v tnh kh.
Trong mi trng axit, mui crom(III) c tnh oxi ho v d b nhng cht kh nh Zn kh
thnh mui crom(II) :
+3 o +2 +2
2 Cr (dd) + Zn 2 Cr (dd) + Zn (dd)
Trong mi trng kim, mui crom(III) c tnh kh v b nhng cht oxi ha mnh oxi ha
thnh mui crom(VI) :
+3 o +6 1
2 Cr (dd) + 3Br2 + 16OH 2 Cr O 4 2 (dd) + 6Br (dd) + 8H2O
Mui crom(III) c ngha quan trng trong thc t l mui sunfat kp crom-kali hay phn
crom-kali K2SO4.Cr2(SO4)3.24H2O (vit gn l KCr(SO4)2.12H2O). Phn crom-kali c mu xanh
tm, c dng thuc da, lm cht cm mu trong ngnh nhum vi.
III. Hp cht crom(VI)
1. Crom(VI) oxit, CrO3
CrO3 l cht rn, mu thm.
CrO3 c tnh oxi ho rt mnh. Mt s cht v c v hu c nh S, P, C, NH3, C2H5OH,... bc
chy khi tip xc vi CrO3, ng thi CrO3 b kh thnh Cr2O3. V d :
2CrO3 + 2NH3 Cr2O3 + N2 + 3H2O
CrO3 l mt oxit axit, tc dng vi nc to thnh hn hp axit cromic H2CrO4 v axit icromic
H2Cr2O7 :
CrO3 + H2O H2CrO4
2CrO3 + H2O H2Cr2O7
Hai axit ny khng tch ra c dng t do, ch tn ti trong dung dch. Nu tch khi dung
dch, chng s b phn hu tr li thnh CrO3.
2. Mui cromat v icromat
Cc mui cromat v icromat l nhng hp cht bn hn nhiu so vi cc axit cromic v
icromic.

Mui cromat, nh natri cromat Na2CrO4 v kali cromat K2CrO4, l mui ca axit cromic, c
mu vng ca ion cromat CrO 4 2 .
Mui icromat, nh natri icromat Na2Cr2O7 v kali icromat K2Cr2O7, l mui ca axit
icromic. Nhng mui ny c mu da cam ca ion icromat Cr2 O 72 .
Cc mui cromat v icromat c tnh oxi ho mnh, c bit trong mi trng axit, mui Cr(VI)
b kh thnh mui Cr(III).
V d :
K2Cr2O7+ 6FeSO4 +7H2SO4 Cr2(SO4)3 +3Fe2(SO4)3+ K2SO4 +7H2O
K2Cr2O7 + 6KI + 7H2SO4 Cr2(SO4)3 + 4K2SO4 + 3I2 + 7H2O
Trong mi trng thch hp, cc mui cromat v icromat chuyn ha ln nhau theo mt cn
bng :

Cr O 2 + H2O
2 CrO 4 2 + 2H+
2 7
(mu vng) (mu da cam)
Lu v mu sc ca cc hp cht cha crom :

CrO : Mu en; Cr2O3 : Mu lc thm; CrO3 : Mu thm.
Cr(OH)2 : Mu vng; Cr(OH)3 : Mu lc xm.
Cr2+ : Mu xanh; Cr3+ : Mu xanh tm; CrO42- : Mu vng chanh; Cr2O72- : Mu da cam.
Chuyn tnh ca ln
"Ban m, ln c lc no cng thc trng cho ln ci. N s, tha lc chng ng say, ngi ta
s n bt ln ci em i tht. Ngy li ngy, ln ci cng bo trng nn n, ln c cng gy i
trng thy.
... n mt ngy, ln c tnh c nghe c ng ch ni chuyn vi tay t. ng ta mun tht ln
ci ang bo tt.
Ln c nghe vy m lng au kh khn cng.
Th l t lc , tnh tnh ln c thay i hn. Mi ln ng ch mang n n l ln c ta ginh
n bng sch, n xong n li nm n ra ng nh cht. N cn ni vi ln ci, t gi ban m phi
canh gc thay cho n. Nu pht hin ra khng chu canh th n s khng bao gi quan tm n ln
ci na. Thi gian qua i, ln ci cm thy ln c cng ngy cng khng g n mnh na.
Ln ci bun b, tht vng v cng. Cn ln c hng ngy vn v t, vui v nh khng c chuyn
g xy ra.
Ngonh i ngonh li mt thng qua i, ng ch dn tay t n chung ln. ng ta thy ln ci
trc y y , nn nng l th gi chng cn li c bao nhiu tht. Cn ln c li tr nn
bo trng hn ra. Lc ny, ln c ta lin chy thc mng xung quanh chung, n mun thu ht s
ch ca ng ch, chng t n l con ln bo tt, khe mnh.
Cui cng th tay t cng bt ln c i.
Khonh khc b li ra khi chung, ln c vn ci v ni vi li vi ln ci: Sau ny em nh
ng n nhiu nh! Ln ci au xt cng cc, nh xng ra theo chng, nhng ca chung ng
sm trc mt n. Qua hng ro tre ln ci vn nhn thy nh mt chp chp ca ln c.
Ti hm , ln ci nhn nh ch vui v, quy qun bn nhau n tht ln, n bun b th mnh nm
xung ni trc y ln c vn nm. t nhin n pht hin thy trn tng c dng ch: Nu
tnh yu khng th din t c bng li, anh nguyn dng sinh mng chng minh. Ln ci
c xong dng ch m lng au qun tht.

B. BI TP TRC NGHIM
Cu 1: Cu hnh electron khng ng ?

A. Cr (Z = 24) : [Ar]3d54s1. B. Cr (Z = 24) : [Ar]3d44s2.
C. Cr2+ : [Ar]3d4. D. Cr3+ : [Ar]3d3.
Cu 2: Cu hnh electron ca ion Cr3+ l :
A. [Ar]3d5. B. [Ar]3d4. C. [Ar]3d3. D. [Ar]3d2.
Cu 3: Cc s oxi ho c trng ca crom l :
A. +2, +4, +6. B. +2, +3, +6. C. +1, +2, +4, +6. D. +3, +4, +6.
Cu 4: nhit thng, kim loi crom c cu trc mng tinh th :
A. Lp phng tm din. B. Lp phng.
C. Lp phng tm khi. D. Lc phng.
Cu 5: Cc kim loi no sau y lun c bo v trong mi trng khng kh, nc nh lp mng
oxit ?
A. Al, Ca. B. Fe, Cr. C. Cr, Al. D. Fe, Mg.
Cu 6: Dy kim loi b th ng trong axit HNO3 c, ngui l :
A. Fe, Al, Cr. B. Fe, Al, Ag. C. Fe, Al, Cu. D. Fe, Zn, Cr.
Cu 7: Chn pht biu ng v phn ng ca crom vi phi kim :
A. nhit thng crom ch phn ng vi flo.
B. nhit cao, oxi s oxi ha crom thnh Cr(VI).
C. Lu hunh khng phn ng c vi crom.
D. nhit cao, clo s oxi ha crom thnh Cr(II).
Cu 8: Crom khng phn ng vi cht no sau y ?
A. dung dch H2SO4 long un nng. B. dung dch NaOH c, un nng.
C. dung dch HNO3 c, un nng. D. dung dch H2SO4 c, un nng.
Cu 9: Dung dch HCl, H2SO4 long s oxi ha crom n mc oxi ha no ?
A. +2. B. +3. C. +4. D. +6.
Cu 10: Phn ng no sau y khng ng ?
o
t
A. 2Cr + 3F2 2CrF3. B. 2Cr + 3Cl2 2CrCl3.
o o
t t
C. Cr + S CrS. D. 2Cr + N2 2CrN.
Cu 11: Sn phm ca phn ng no sau y khng ng ?
o o
t t
A. 2Cr + KClO3 Cr2O3 + KCl. B. 2Cr + 3KNO3 Cr2O3 + 3KNO2.
o
t
C. 2Cr + 3H2SO4 Cr2(SO4)3 + 3H2. D. 2Cr + N2 2CrN.
Cu 12: Cho dy : R RCl2 R(OH)2 R(OH)3 Na[R(OH)4]. Kim loi R l :
A. Al. B. Cr. C. Fe. D. Al, Cr.
Cu 13: Cho cc phn ng :
(1) M + H+ A + B (2) B + NaOH D + E
(3) E + O2 + H2O G (4) G + NaOH Na[M(OH)4]
M l kim loi no sau y ?
A. Fe. B. Al. C. Cr. D. B v C ng.

Cu 14: Al v Cr ging nhau im :

A. cng tc dng vi HCl to ra mui c mc oxi ha l +3.
B. cng tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d to ra cht Na[M(OH)4].
C. cng tc dng vi kh clo to ra mui c dng MCl3.
D. cng b th ng trong dung dch nc cng toan.
Cu 15: Trong cc cu sau, cu no ng ?
A. Crom l kim loi c tnh kh mnh hn st.
B. Crom l kim loi nn ch to c oxit baz.
C. Trong t nhin, crom c dng n cht.
D. Phng php iu ch crom l in phn Cr2O3.
Cu 16: Hin nay, t qung cromit (FeO.Cr2O3) ngi ta iu ch Cr bng phng php no sau
y ?
A. Tch qung ri thc hin in phn nng chy Cr2O3.
B. Tch qung ri thc hin phn ng nhit nhm Cr2O3.
C. Tch qung ri thc hin phn ng kh Cr2O3 bi CO.
D. Ha tan qung bng HCl ri in phn dung dch CrCl3.
Cu 17: ng dng khng hp l ca crom l ?
A. Crom l kim loi rt cng c th dng ct thy tinh.
B. Crom lm hp kim cng v chu nhit hn, nn dng to thp cng, khng g, chu
nhit.
C. Crom l kim loi nh, nn c s dng to cc hp kim dng trong ngnh hng khng.
D. iu kin thng, crom to c lp mng oxit mn, bn chc nn c dng m bo
v thp.
Cu 18: Chn pht biu sai :
A. Cr2O3 l cht rn mu lc thm. B. Cr(OH)3 l cht rn mu lc xm.
C. CrO3 l cht rn mu thm. D. CrO l cht rn mu trng xanh.
Cu 19: Ion no no sau y va c tnh kh va c tnh oxi ha ?
A. Zn2+. B. Al3+. C. Cr3+. D. Fe3+.
Cu 20: Trong mi trng axit mui Cr+6 l cht oxi ho rt mnh. Khi Cr+6 b kh n :
A. Cr+2. B. Cro. C. Cr+3. D. Khng thay i.
Cu 21: Cho dy cc cht : Cr(OH)3, Al2(SO4)3, Mg(OH)2, Zn(OH)2, MgO, CrO3. S cht trong
dy c tnh cht lng tnh l :
A. 5. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4.
Cu 22: Cht no sau y khng c tnh lng tnh ?
A. Cr(OH)2. B. Cr2O3. C. Cr(OH)3. D. Al2O3.
Cu 23: Cc cht trong dy no sau y va c tnh oxi ha va c tnh kh ?
A. CrO3, FeO, CrCl3, Cu2O. B. Fe2O3, Cu2O, CrO, FeCl2.
C. Fe2O3, Cu2O, Cr2O3, FeCl2. D. Fe3O4, Cu2O, CrO, FeCl2.
Cu 24: Crom(II) oxit l oxit
A. c tnh baz. B. c tnh kh. C. c tnh oxi ha. D. C A, B, C ng.

Cu 25: Trong ba oxit CrO, Cr2O3, CrO3. Th t cc oxit ch tc dng vi dung dch baz, dung
dch axit, dung dch axit v dung dch baz ln lt l :
A. Cr2O3, CrO, CrO3. B. CrO3, CrO, Cr2O3.
C. CrO, Cr2O3, CrO3. D. CrO3, Cr2O3, CrO.
Cu 26: C bao nhiu phn ng ha hc xy ra khi cho CrO, Cr2O3, Cr(OH)3 tc dng vi dung
dch HCl un nng, dung dch NaOH un nng ?
A. 5. B. 6. C. 4. D. 3.
Cu 27: Cho dy cc oxit: NO2, Cr2O3, SO2, CrO3, CO2, P2O5, Cl2O7, SiO2, CuO. C bao nhiu oxit
trong dy tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH long?
A. 8. B. 7. C. 6. D. 5.
A. 2CrO + 2NaOH 2NaCrO2 + H2. B. 4Cr(OH)2 + O2 + 2H2O 4Cr(OH)3.
C. 6CrCl2 + 3Br2 4CrCl3 + 2CrBr3. D. Cr(OH)2 + H2SO4 CrSO4 + 2H2O.
o
t
A. 2CrO3 + 2NH3 Cr2O3 + N2 + 3H2O.
o
t
B. 4CrO3 + 3C 2Cr2O3 + 3CO2.
o
t
C. 4CrO3 + C2H5OH 2Cr2O3 + 2CO2 + 3H2O.
o
t
D. 2CrO3 + SO3 Cr2O7 + SO2.
A. 2Cr3+ + Zn 2Cr2+ + Zn2+.
B. 2CrO2- + 3Br2 + 8OH- 2CrO42- + 6Br- + 4H2O.
C. 2Cr3+ + 3Fe 2Cr + 3Fe2+.
D. 2Cr3+ + 3Br2 + 16OH- 2CrO42- + 6Br- + 8H2O.
Cu 31: Chn pht biu ng :
A. CrO va c tnh kh va c tnh lng tnh.
B. Cr(OH)2 va c tnh kh va c tnh baz.
C. CrCl2 c tnh kh mnh v tnh oxi ha mnh.
D. A, B ng.
Cu 32: Nhn xt khng ng l :
A. Hp cht Cr(II) c tnh kh c trng ; Cr(III) va c tnh kh, va c tnh oxi ha ;
Cr(VI) c tnh oxi ha.
B. CrO, Cr(OH)2 c tnh baz ; Cr2O3, Cr(OH)3 c tnh lng tnh.
C. Cr2+, Cr3+ c tnh trung tnh ; Cr(OH)4- c tnh baz.
D. Cr(OH)2, Cr(OH)3, CrO3 c th b nhit phn.
Cu 33: Pht biu khng ng l :
A. Cc hp cht Cr2O3, Cr(OH)3, CrO, Cr(OH)2 u c tnh cht lng tnh.
B. Hp cht Cr(II) c tnh kh c trng cn hp cht Cr(VI) c tnh oxi ho mnh.
C. Cc hp cht CrO, Cr(OH)2 tc dng c vi dung dch HCl cn CrO3 tc dng c
vi dung dch NaOH.
D. Thm dung dch kim vo mui icromat, mui ny chuyn thnh mui cromat.

Cu 34: So snh khng ng l :

A. Fe(OH)2 v Cr(OH)2 u l baz v l cht kh.
B. Al(OH)3 v Cr(OH)3 u l hp cht lng tnh v va c tnh oxi ha va c tnh kh.
C. H2SO4 v H2CrO4 u l axit c tnh oxi ha mnh.
D. BaSO4 v BaCrO4 u l cht khng tan trong nc.
Cu 35: Hin tng no di y c m t khng ng ?
A. Thi kh NH3 qua CrO3 un nng thy cht rn chuyn t mu sang mu lc thm.
B. un nng S vi K2Cr2O7 thy cht rn chuyn t mu da cam sang mu lc thm.
C. Nung Cr(OH)2 trong khng kh thy cht rn chuyn t mu lc sng sang mu lc thm.
D. t CrO trong khng kh thy cht rn chuyn t mu en sang mu lc thm.
Cu 36: Chn pht biu ng :
A. Trong mi trng axit, ion Cr3+ c tnh kh mnh.
B. Trong mi trng kim, ion Cr3+ c tnh oxi ha mnh.
C. Trong dung dch ion Cr3+ c tnh lng tnh.
D. Trong dung dch ion Cr3+ va c tnh oxi ha va c tnh kh.
Cu 37: Sc kh Cl2 vo dung dch CrCl3 trong mi trng NaOH. Sn phm thu c l :
A. NaCrO2, NaCl, H2O. B. Na2CrO4, NaClO, H2O.
C. Na[Cr(OH)4], NaCl, NaClO, H2O. D. Na2CrO4, NaCl, H2O.
Cu 38: Cho Br2 vo dung dch Cr2O3 trong mi trng NaOH th sn phm thu c c cha :
A. CrBr3. B. Na[Cr(OH)4]. C. Na2CrO4. D. Na2Cr2O7.
Cu 39: Cht rn mu lc, tan trong dung dch HCl c dung dch A. Cho A tc dng vi NaOH
v Br2 c dung dch mu vng, cho dung dch H2SO4 vo li thnh mu da cam. Cht rn l :
A. Cr2O3. B. CrO. C. Cr2O. D. Cr.
Cu 40: Mui kp KCr(SO4)2.12H2O khi ha tan trong nc to dung dch mu xanh tm. Mu ca
dung dch do ion no sau y gy ra ?
A. K+. B. SO42-. C. Cr3+. D. K+ v Cr3+.
Cu 41: A l cht bt mu lc thm khng tan trong dung dch long ca axit v kim. Khi nu
chy A vi NaOH trong khng kh thu c cht B c mu vng d tan trong nc. B tc dng vi
axit chuyn thnh cht D c mu da cam. Cht D b lu hunh kh thnh cht A. Cht D oxi ha
HCl thnh kh E. Chn pht biu sai :
A. A l Cr2O3. B. B l Na2CrO4. C. D l Na2Cr2O7. D. E l kh H2.
Cu 42: Crom(VI) oxit l oxit
A. c tnh baz. B. c tnh kh.
C. c tnh oxi ha v tnh axit. D. A v B ng.
Cu 43: Mt oxit ca nguyn t R c cc tnh cht sau :
- Tnh oxi ha rt mnh.
- Tan trong nc to thnh hn hp dung dch H2RO4 v H2R2O7.
- Tan trong dung dch kim to anion RO42- c mu vng.
Oxit l :
A. SO3. B. CrO3. C. Cr2O3. D. Mn2O7.
Cu 44: RxOy l mt oxit c tnh oxi ha rt mnh, khi tan trong nc to ra 2 axit km bn (ch tn
ti trongdung dch), khi tan trong kim to ion RO42- c mu vng. RxOy l :
A. SO3. B. CrO3. C. Cr2O3. D. Mn2O7.

Cu 45: Axit no sau y c tnh kh mnh nht ?

A. HNO3. B. H2SO4. C. HCl. D. H2CrO4.
Cu 46: Gii php iu ch khng hp l l :
A. Dng phn ng kh K2Cr2O7 bng than hay lu hunh iu ch Cr2O3.
B. Dng phn ng ca mui Cr2+ vi dung dch kim d iu ch Cr(OH)2.
C. Dng phn ng ca mui Cr3+ vi dung dch kim d iu ch Cr(OH)3.
D. Dng phn ng ca H2SO4 c vi K2Cr2O7 iu ch CrO3.
Cu 47: Mt s hin tng sau :
(1) Thm (d) NaOH vo dung dch K2Cr2O7 th dung dch chuyn t mu da cam sang mu
vng.
(2) Thm (d) NaOH v Cl2 vo dung dch CrCl2 th dung dch t mu xanh chuyn thnh mu
vng.
(3) Thm t t dung dch NaOH vo dung dch CrCl3 thy xut hin kt ta vng nu tan li
trong NaOH.
(4) Thm t t dung dch HCl vo dung dch Na[Cr(OH)4] thy xut hin kt ta lc xm, sau
tan li.
S ng l :
A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4.
Cu 48: Trong dung dch, 2 ion cromat v icromat cho cn bng thun nghch :
2CrO42- + 2H+ Cr2O72- + H2O
Hy chn pht biu ng :
A. dung dch c mu da cam trong mi trng baz.
B. ion CrO42- bn trong mi trng axit.
C. ion Cr2O72- bn trong mi trng baz.
D. dung dch c mu da cam trong mi trng axit.
Cu 49: Cho vo ng nghim mt vi tinh th K2Cr2O7, sau thm tip khong 1 ml nc v lc
u K2Cr2O7 tan ht, thu c dung dch X. Thm vi git dung dch KOH vo dung dch X, thu
c dung dch Y. Mu sc ca dung dch X v Y ln lt l :
A. mu da cam v mu vng chanh. B. mu vng chanh v mu da cam.
C. mu nu v mu vng chanh. D. mu vng chanh v mu nu .
Cu 50: Cho cn bng : Cr2O7 + H2O 2CrO42- + 2H+
2-
Khi cho BaCl2 vo dung dch K2Cr2O7 mu da cam th :

A. Khng c du hiu g. B. C kh bay ra .
C. C kt ta mu vng. D. Va c kt ta va c kh bay ra.
Cu 51: Dung dch FeSO4 lm mt mu dung dch no sau y ?
A. Dung dch KMnO4 trong mi trng H2SO4.
B. Dung dch K2Cr2O7 trong mi trng H2SO4.
C. Dung dch Br2.
D. C A, B, C.
Cu 52: Trong phn ng : Cr2O72- + SO32- + H+ Cr3+ + X + H2O. X l :
A. SO2. B. S. C. H2S. D. SO42-.

Cu 53: Cho phn ng : K2Cr2O7 + HCl KCl + CrCl3 + Cl2 + H2O. S phn t HCl b oxi
ha l :
A. 3. B. 6. C. 8. D. 14.
Cu 54: Tnh tng h s cn bng nh nht trong phn ng :
K2Cr2O7 + FeSO4 + H2SO4
A. 20. B. 22. C. 24. D. 26.
K2Cr2O7 + KNO2 + H2SO4 (long)
A. 15. B. 17. C. 19. D. 21.
K2Cr2O7 + C2H5OH + H2SO4 CH3CHO +
A. 22. B. 24. C. 26. D. 20.
Cu 57: Cho phn ng : NaCrO2 + Br2 + NaOH Na2CrO4 + NaBr + H2O. H s cn bng ca
NaCrO2 l :
A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4.
K2Cr2O7 + SO2 + H2SO4 (long)
A. 8. B. 10. C. 12. D. 14.
Cu 59: Cho dy bin i sau
+ HCl + Cl + NaOHd + Br / NaOH
Cr X
2
Y Z
2
T
X, Y, Z, T l :
A. CrCl2, CrCl3, NaCrO2, Na2CrO7. B. CrCl2, CrCl3, Cr(OH)3, Na2CrO4.
C. CrCl2, CrCl3, NaCrO2, Na2CrO4. D. CrCl2, CrCl3, Cr(OH)3, Na2CrO7.
Cu 60: Cho s chuyn ho gia cc hp cht ca crom :
+ KOH + Cl /KOH + H SO + FeSO / H SO
Cr(OH)3 X 2
Y 2 4
Z 4 2 4
T
Cc cht X, Y, Z, T theo th t l :
A. KCrO2 ; K2CrO4 ; K2Cr2O7 ; Cr2(SO4)3. B. K2CrO4 ; KCrO2 ; K2Cr2O7 ; Cr2(SO4)3.
C. KCrO2 ; K2Cr2O7 ; K2CrO4 ; CrSO4. D. KCrO2 ; K2Cr2O7 ; K2CrO4 ; Cr2(SO4)3.
Br2 , KOH
Cr(OH)3 X
Cu 61: Cho s sau :
H2SO4 long
Z SO2, H2SO4
Y
Cc cht X, Y, Z ln lt l :
A. K2Cr2O7, K2CrO4, Cr2(SO4)3. B. K2CrO4, K2Cr2O7, Cr2(SO4)3.
C. K[Cr(OH)4], K2Cr2O7, Cr2(SO4)3. D. K[Cr(OH)4], K2CrO4, CrSO4.
Cu 62: t chy hon ton bt crom trong oxi (d) thu c 4,56 gam mt oxit (duy nht). Khi
lng crom b t chy l :
Cu 63: Ha tan ht 2,16 gam hn hp Cr v Fe trong dung dch HCl (long), nng thu c 896
ml kh (ktc). Lng crom c trong hn hp l :

Cu 64: Cho 10,8 gam hn hp Cr v Fe tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c 4,48 lt kh H2
(ktc). Tng khi lng (gam) mui khan thu c l :
A. 18,7. B. 25,0. C. 19,7. D. 16,7.
Cu 65: Ha tan a gam crom trong dung dch H2SO4 long, nng thu c dung dch X v 3,36 lt
kh (ktc). Cho X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d trong khng kh n khi lng khng i. Lc
kt ta, em nung n khi lng khng i th khi lng (gam) cht rn thu c l :
A. 7,6. B. 11,4. C. 15. D. 10,2.
Cu 66: Cho 13,5 gam hn hp cc kim loi Al, Cr, Fe tc dng vi lng d dung dch H2SO4
long nng (trong iu kin khng c khng kh), thu c dung dch X v 7,84 lt kh H2 (ktc).
C cn dung dch X (trong iu kin khng c khng kh) c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 42,6. B. 45,5. C. 48,8. D. 47,1.
Cu 67: Nung hn hp bt gm 15,2 gam Cr2O3 v m gam Al nhit cao. Sau khi phn ng
hon ton, thu c 23,3 gam hn hp rn X. Cho ton b hn hp X phn ng vi axit HCl (d)
thot ra V lt kh H2 (ktc). Gi tr ca V l :
A. 7,84. B. 4,48. C. 3,36. D. 10,08.
Cu 68: Nung nng 46,6 gam hn hp gm Al v Cr2O3 (trong iu kin khng c khng kh) n
khi phn ng xy ra hon ton. Chia hn hp thu c sau phn ng thnh hai phn bng nhau.
Phn mt phn ng va vi 300 ml dung dch NaOH 1M (long). ha tan ht phn hai cn
va dung dch cha a mol HCl. Gi tr ca a l
A. 0,9. B. 1,5. C. 0,5. D. 1,3.
Cu 69: Cho 100 gam hp kim ca Fe, Cr, Al tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d thot ra 5,04 lt kh
(ktc) v mt phn rn khng tan. Lc ly phn khng tan em ho tan ht bng dung dch HCl d
(khng c khng kh) thot ra 38,8 lt kh (ktc). Thnh phn % khi lng cc cht trong hp kim
l :
A. 13,66%Al; 82,29% Fe v 4,05% Cr. B. 4,05% Al; 83,66%Fe v 12,29% Cr.
C. 4,05% Al; 82,29% Fe v 13,66% Cr. D. 4,05% Al; 13,66% Fe v 82,29% Cr.
Cu 70: Cho 2 ming kim loi X c cng khi lng, mi ming khi tan hon ton trong dung dch
HCl v dung dch H2SO4 c, nng thu c kh H2 v SO2 vi s mol SO2 bng 1,5 ln s mol ca
H2. Khi lng mui clorua bng 62,75% khi lng mui sunfat. Kim loi X l :
A. Zn. B. Cr. C. Fe. D. Cu.
Cu 71: thu c 78 gam Cr t Cr2O3 bng phn ng nhit nhm (H = 90%) th khi lng
nhm ti thiu l :
Cu 72: Khi lng bt nhm cn dng iu ch c 3,9 gam crom bng phng php nhit
nhm l :
Cu 73: Ha tan 58,4 gam hn hp mui khan AlCl3 v CrCl3 vo nc, thm d dung dch NaOH
vo sau tip tc thm nc clo ri li thm d dung dch BaCl2 th thu c 50,6 gam kt ta.
Thnh phn % khi lng ca cc mui trong hn hp u l :
A. 45,7% AlCl3 v 54,3% CrCl3. B. 46,7% AlCl3 v 53,3% CrCl3.
C. 47,7% AlCl3 v 52,3% CrCl3. D. 48,7% AlCl3 v 51,3% CrCl3.
Cu 74: Cho t t dung dch NaOH vo dung dch cha 9,02 gam hn hp mui Al(NO3)3 v
Cr(NO3)3 cho n khi kt ta thu c l ln nht, tch kt ta nung n khi lng khng i thu
c 2,54 gam cht rn. Khi lng ca mui Cr(NO3)3 l :

Cu 75: Ha tan 9,02 gam hn hp A gm Al(NO3)3 v Cr(NO3)3 trong dung dch NaOH d thu
c dung dch B. Sc t t CO2 vo B ti d th th thu c 3,62 gam kt ta. Thnh phn %
khi lng ca Cr(NO3)3 trong A l :
A. 52,77%. B. 63,9%. C. 47%. D. 53%.
Cu 76: oxi ha hon ton 0,01 mol CrCl3 thnh K2CrO4 bng Cl2 khi c mt KOH, lng ti
thiu Cl2 v KOH tng ng l :
Cu 77: Thm 0,04 mol NaOH vo dung dch cha 0,02 mol CrCl2, ri trong khng kh n khi
phn ng hon ton th khi lng kt ta thu c l :
Cu 78: Lng Cl2 v NaOH tng ng cn dng oxi ha hon ton 0,02 mol CrCl3 thnh
CrO42- l :
Cu 79: Thm 0,02 mol NaOH vo dung dch cha 0,01 mol CrCl2, ri nung kt ta trong khng
kh n khi lng khng i, cht rn thu c c khi lng l :
Cu 80: Cho 0,6 mol KI tc dng ht vi dung dch K2Cr2O7 trong axit sunfuric th thu c mt
n cht X. S mol ca n cht X l :
A. 0,3. B. 0,4. C. 0,5. D. 0,6.
Cu 81: Lng kt ta S sinh ra khi dng H2S kh dung dch cha 0,08 mol K2Cr2O7 trong H2SO4
(d) l :
Cu 82: Lng HCl v K2Cr2O7 tng ng cn s dng iu ch 672 ml kh Cl2 (ktc) l :
Cu 83: Khi lng K2Cr2O7 tc dng va vi 0,6 mol FeSO4 trong H2SO4 long l :
Cu 84: Cho K2Cr2O7 d vo V lt dung dch HCl 36,5% (d = 1,19 gam/ml) th thu c lng kh
oxi ha hon ton 1,12 gam Fe. Gi tr ca V l :
A. 8,96 ml. B. 10,08 ml. C. 11,76 ml. D. 12,42 ml.
Cu 85: Thi kh NH3 (d) qua 10 gam CrO3 t nng n phn ng hon ton th thu c cht
rn mu lc thm c khi lng l :
A. 0,52 gam. B. 0,68 gam. C.7,6 gam. D.1,52 gam.
o
Cu 86: Khi t nng crom (VI) oxit trn 200 C th to thnh oxi v mt oxit ca crom c mu
xanh. Oxit l :
A. CrO. B. CrO2. C. Cr2O5. D. Cr2O3.
Cu 87: Khi kh natri icromat bng than thu c oxit kim loi, mui cacbonat v mt cht kh c
tnh kh. Tnh khi lng oxit kim loi iu ch c, bit dng 24 gam than v hiu sut phn
ng t 80%.
A. 152. B. 121,6. C. 304. D. 243,2.

Cu 88: Phng trnh nhit phn mui amoni icromat : (NH4)2Cr2O7 Cr2O3 + N2 + 4H2O
Khi phn hy 48 gam mui ny thy cn 30 gam gm cht rn v tp cht khng b bin i. Phn
trm tp cht trong mui l :
A. 8,5. B. 6,5. C. 7,5 D. 5,5.
Cu 89: Nung nng kali icromat vi lu hunh thu c mt oxit A v mt mui B. Cho mui B
vo dung dch BaCl2 th thu c 46,6 gam kt ta khng tan trong axit. Khi lng ca A l :
A. 15,2. B. 12,16. C. 30,4. D. 24,32.
Ci r ca s trng thnh
"Sc mnh ca con ngi nh hnh trong chnh s yu ui ca ngi y" (Raipl Waldo Emerson).
Hi cn nh, ti c mt ngi hng xm m mi ngi gi l bc s Gibbs. ng khng ging nh

bt k bc s no ti tng bit. ng rt gin d v hin t, nht l i vi bn nhc nghch ngm
chng ti.
Ngoi gi lm cng vic cu ngi, bc s Gibbs thng trng cy. ng mun bin mnh t rng
10 mu ty ca mnh thnh mt khu rng m! V bc s hin lnh y c nhng l thuyt trng cy
rt th v, ngc hn vi nguyn tc m mi ngi cho l hin nhin. Khng bao gi ng ti nc
cho nhng cy mi sinh trng ng gii thch vi ti rng ti nc s lm chng sinh ra h
hng, v th h cy k tip s ngy mt yu i. V th, cn phi tp cho chng i mt vi khc
nghit. Cy no khng chu ni s b nh b ngay t u.
Ri ng hng dn cho ti cch ti nc cho nhng cy r mc trn cn, chng kh hn th s
phi t bn r su m tm ngun nc. Tho no, chng bao gi ti thy ng ti cy c. ng trng
mt cy si, mi sng thay v ti nc, ng ly t bo cun trn li v p vo n: Bp! Bp!
Bp! Ti hi ng sao li lm vy th ng tr li: lm n ch .
Bc s Gibbs t gi ci i hai nm sau khi ti xa gia nh. Gi y, v nhn li nhng hng cy nh
ng, ti li nh mng tng ra dng ng ang trng cy 25 nm v trc. Nhng thn cy ngy y
nay ln mnh v trn tr sc sng. Nh nhng thanh nin cng trng, mi sng chng thc dy,
t ho n ngc v sn sng n nhn nhng gian nan, th thch.
Vi nm sau ti cng t trng ly hai cy xanh. Ma h chy nng ti ti nc, ma ng gi rt
ti bm thuc v cu nguyn cho chng. Chng cao gn chn mt sau hai nm, nhng li l nhng
thn cy lun da dm vo bn tay ngi chm bm. Ch cn mt ngn gi lnh lt qua, chng
run ry v nh cnh lp cp trng chng khc g nhng k yu ui!
Chng b vi rng cy ca bc s Gibbs. Xem ra nghch cnh v s thiu thn dng nh li hu
ch cho chng hn s y .
Hng m trc khi i ng, ti thng gh phng hai a con trai v ngm nhn chng ng ngon
lnh. Nhn thn th nh b ang php phng nhp th ca cuc sng, ti lun cu nguyn cho chng
c mt cuc sng d chu.
Nhng gn y, ti cht ngh n lc cn phi thay i li nguyn cu y. Ti nguyn cu cho
chng mnh m hn, chu c ging gi khng th trnh trong cuc i. C ngy th mi
mong chng thot khi gian kh - bi l nghch cnh, kh khn lun l iu hin hu tt yu. V d
mun hay khng, cuc i chng bao gi bng phng c. Ti cu mong cho gc r ca con mnh
s bn tht su, chng c th ht c sc mnh t nhng sui ngun tim n trong cuc sng
vnh hng.
Tht s nhn li, ti cu xin s an lnh qu nhiu ri, nhng rt him khi nhng c mun y
c tha nguyn. iu chng ra cn l cu sao cho mnh rn luyn c mt c th cng trng
v ch cng ci, bn vng, khi nng chy hay ma dng, bo t, chng ta s khng bao gi b
gc ng.

BI 2 : ST V HP CHT CA ST. HP KIM CA ST
A. L THUYT
PHN 1 : ST
I. V tr v cu to
1. V tr ca st trong bng tun hon
St l nguyn t kim loi chuyn tip, thuc nhm VIIIB, chu k 4, s hiu nguyn t l 26.
Nhm IA IIA IIIB IVB VB VIB VIIB VIIIB IB IIB
Chu k 4 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn
Kim loi chuyn tip
2. Cu to ca st
a. Cu hnh electron
Nguyn t Fe c 26 electron, c phn b thnh 4 lp : 2e, 8e, 14e, 2e.
St l nguyn t d, c cu hnh electron nguyn t : 1s22s22p63s23p63d64s2 hay vit gn l
[Ar]3d64s2

6
3d 4s2
Khi to ra cc ion st, nguyn t Fe nhng electron phn lp 4s trc phn lp 3d. V d :
Nguyn t Fe nhng 2e phn lp 4s to ra ion Fe2+, c cu hnh electron :
Fe2+ : [Ar]3d6 hay [Ar]
3d6 4s
Nguyn t Fe nhng 2e phn lp 4s v 1e phn lp 3d to ra ion Fe3+, c cu hnh
electron :
Fe2+ : [Ar]3d6 hay [Ar]
3d5 4s
Nhn xt : Tng t nguyn t Cr, khi tham gia phn ng ho hc, nguyn t Fe khng ch
nhng electron phn lp 4s m c th nhng thm electron phn lp 3d, to ra nhng ion c
in tch khc nhau l Fe2+ v Fe3+.
Trong hp cht, Fe c s oxi ho +2 hoc +3.
b. Cu to ca n cht
Tu thuc vo nhit , kim loi Fe c th tn ti cc mng tinh th lp phng tm khi
( Fe ) hoc lp phng tm din ( Fe ).
3. Mt s tnh cht khc ca st
Bn knh nguyn t Fe : 0,162 (nm)
Bn knh cc ion Fe2+ v Fe3+ : 0,076 v 0,064 (nm)
Nng lng ion ho I1, I2, v I3 :760, 1560, 2960 (kJ/mol)
m in : 1,65
Th in cc chun E o Fe2+ = 0,44 (V) ; E o Fe3+ : + 0,77 (V)
Fe Fe

II. Tnh cht vt l

St l kim loi c mu trng hi xm, do, d rn, nng chy nhit 1540oC, c khi lng
ring 7,9 g/cm3. St c tnh dn in, dn nhit tt, c bit c tnh nhim t.
III. Tnh cht ho hc
T nhng c im v cu to v tnh cht, ta c th nhn bit tnh cht ho hc c bn ca st
l tnh kh trung bnh : Fe c th b oxi ho thnh Fe2+ hoc Fe3+.
Fe kh nhiu phi kim thnh ion m trong khi Fe b oxi ho thnh Fe2+ hoc Fe3+. V d :
to
Fe + S FeS
o
t
3Fe + 2O2 Fe3O4
o
t
2Fe + 3Cl2 2FeCl3
2. Tc dng vi axit
Fe kh d dng ion H+ trong dung dch axit HCl hoc H2SO4 long thnh hiro ng thi Fe b
oxi ho thnh Fe2+ :
Fe + H2SO4 FeSO4 + H2
Khi tc dng vi nhng axit c tnh oxi ho mnh, nh HNO3 v H2SO4 c nng, Fe b oxi ho
mnh thnh ion Fe3+ :
Fe + 4HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + 2H2O + NO
2Fe + 6H2SO4 Fe2(SO4)3 + 6H2O + 3SO2
Axit HNO3 v H2SO4 c ngui khng tc dng vi st m cn lm cho st tr nn th ng.
St kh c nhng ion kim loi ng sau n trong dy in ho (c th in cc chun ln hn
0,44 V). V d :
Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu
Fe + 3AgNO3 (d) Fe(NO3)3 + 3Ag
4. Tc dng vi nc
nhit cao, st kh c hi nc :
o o
t < 570 C
3Fe + 4H2O Fe3O4 + 4H2
o o
t > 570 C
Fe + H2O FeO + H2
IV. Trng thi t nhin
Trong t nhin, st trng thi t do trong cc mnh thin thch. Nhng hp cht ca st tn ti
di dng qung st th rt phong ph (st chim ti 5% khi lng v Tri t, ng hng th t
trong cc nguyn t, hng th hai trong cc kim loi, sau nhm). Mt s qung st quan trng l :
Qung hematit cha Fe2O3 khan. Qung hematit nu cha Fe2O3.nH2O. Qung manhetit
cha Fe3O4 l qung giu st nht, nhng him c trong t nhin. Ngoi ra cn c qung xierit
cha FeCO3, qung pirit st cha FeS2. Qung st dng sn xut gang l manhetit v hematit.
Hp cht st cn c mt trong hng cu ca mu, lm nhim v chuyn ti oxi n cc t bo c
th duy tr s sng ca ngi v ng vt.

PHN 2 : HP CHT CA ST
I. Hp cht st(II)
1. Tnh cht ho hc ca hp cht st(II)
a. Hp cht st(II) c tnh kh
Khi tc dng vi cht oxi ho, cc hp cht st(II) b oxi ho thnh hp cht st(III). Trong cc
phn ng ny, ion Fe2+ c kh nng nhng 1 electron :
Fe2+ Fe3+ + 1e
Nh vy, tnh cht ho hc chung ca hp cht st(II) l tnh kh. Sau y l nhng phn ng ho
hc minh ho cho tnh kh ca hp cht st(II) :
St(II) oxit b oxi ho bi axit H2SO4 c nng hoc dung dch axit HNO3 to thnh mui
st(III):
3FeO + 10HNO3 3Fe(NO3)3 + 5H2O + NO
FeO kh mt phn HNO3 thnh NO.
St(II) hiroxit b oxi ho trong khng kh (c mt oxi v hi nc) thnh st(III) hiroxit :
4Fe(OH)2 + O2 + 2H2O 4Fe(OH)3
(trng xanh) (nu )
Mui st(II) b oxi ho thnh mui st(III) :
2FeCl2 + Cl2 2FeCl3
(lc nht) (vng nu)
10FeSO4 + 2KMnO4 + 8H2SO4 5Fe2(SO4)3 + K2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + 8H2O
(Dung dch mu tm hng) (dung dch mu vng)
Trong cc phn ng trn, Fe2+ kh Cl2 thnh ion Cl hoc kh MnO 4 thnh Mn2+.
b. Oxit v hiroxit st(II) c tnh baz
St(II) oxit v st(II) hiroxit c tnh baz. Chng tc dng c vi axit (HCl, H2SO4 long) to
thnh mui st(II).
2. iu ch mt s hp cht st(II)
St(II) oxit c th c iu ch bng cch phn hu st(II) hiroxit nhit cao trong mi
trng khng c khng kh :
o
t
Fe(OH)2 FeO + H2O
hoc kh st(III) oxit :
o
500 600 C
Fe2O3 + CO 2FeO + CO2
St(II) hiroxit c iu ch bng phn ng trao i ion ca dung dch mui st(II) vi
dung dch baz khng c khng kh .
FeCl2 + 2NaOH Fe(OH)2 + 2NaCl
Fe2+ + 2OH Fe(OH)2
Mui st(II) c iu ch bng cch cho st hoc cc hp cht st(II) nh FeO, Fe(OH)2,...
tc dng vi dung dch HCl hoc H2SO4 long trong iu kin khng c khng kh.
Cng c th iu ch mui st(II) t mui st(III).
3. ng dng ca hp cht st(II)
Mui FeSO4 c dng lm cht dit su b c hi cho thc vt, pha ch sn, mc v dng
trong k ngh nhum vi.

II. Hp cht st(III)

1. Tnh cht ho hc ca hp cht st(III)
a. Hp cht st(III) c tnh oxi ho
Khi tc dng vi cht kh, cc hp cht st(III) s b kh thnh hp cht st(II) hoc st t do.
Trong cc phn ng ho hc ny, ion Fe3+ c kh nng nhn 1 hoc 3 electron, tu thuc vo cht
kh mnh hay yu :
Fe3+ + 1e Fe2+
Fe3+ + 3e Fe
Nh vy, tnh cht ho hc chung ca hp cht st(III) l tnh oxi ho.
Hp cht st(III) oxi ho nhiu kim loi thnh ion dng :
2FeCl3 + Fe 3FeCl2
2FeCl3 + Cu 2FeCl2 + CuCl2
Hp cht st(III) oxi ho mt s hp cht c tnh kh :
2FeCl3 + 2KI 2FeCl2 + 2KCl + I2
b. Oxit v hiroxit st(III) c tnh baz
St(III) oxit v st(III) hiroxit c tnh baz. Chng tc dng vi axit to thnh mui st(III).
2. iu ch mt s hp cht st(III)
St(III) oxit c th iu ch bng phn ng phn hu st(III) hiroxit nhit cao :
to
2Fe(OH)3 Fe2O3 + 3H2O
St(III) hiroxit c th c iu ch bng phn ng trao i ion ca dung dch mui st(III),
hoc phn ng oxi ho st(II) hiroxit :
Fe3+ + 3OH Fe(OH)3
Mui st(III) c th c iu ch trc tip t phn ng ca st vi cc cht oxi ho mnh
nh Cl2, HNO3, H2SO4 c nng, hoc phn ng ca cc hp cht st(III) vi axit :
2Fe(OH)3 + 3H2SO4 Fe2(SO4)3 + 6H2O
Fe2O3 + 6HCl 2FeCl3 + 3H2O
3. ng dng ca hp cht st(III)
Mui FeCl3 c dng lm cht xc tc trong mt s phn ng hu c.
(NH4)2SO4.Fe2(SO4)3.24H2O (vit gn l (NH4)Fe(SO4)2.12H2O), c dng lm trong
nc.
Fe2O3 c dng pha ch sn chng g.
PHN 3 : HP KIM CA ST
St tinh khit t c s dng trong thc t, nhng cc hp kim ca st l gang v thp li c

s dng rt ph bin trong cc ngnh cng nghip v i sng.
I. GANG
Gang l hp kim ca st vi cacbon (2 5%) v mt s nguyn t khc (1 4% Si ; 0,3 5%
Mn ; 0,1 2% P ; 0,01 1% S).

1. Phn loi, tnh cht v ng dng ca gang

a. Gang trng
Gang trng cha t cacbon, rt t silic, cha nhiu xementit Fe3C. Gang trng rt cng v gin,
c dng luyn thp.
b. Gang xm
Gang xm cha nhiu cacbon v silic. Gang xm km cng v km gin hn gang trng, khi
nng chy thnh cht lng linh ng (t nht) v khi ho rn th tng th tch, v vy gang xm
c dng c cc b phn ca my, ng dn nc, cnh ca,...
2. Sn xut gang
a. Nguyn liu
Qung st dng sn xut gang c cha 30 95% oxit st, khng cha hoc cha rt t lu
hunh, photpho.
Than cc (khng c sn trong t nhin, phi iu ch t than m) c vai tr cung cp nhit khi
chy, to ra cht kh l CO v to thnh gang.
Cht chy CaCO3 nhit cao b phn hu thnh CaO, sau ho hp vi SiO2 l cht kh
nng chy c trong qung st thnh x silicat d nng chy, c khi lng ring nh (D = 2,5 g/cm3)
ni ln trn gang (D = 6,9 g/cm3).
b. Nhng phn ng ho hc xy ra trong qu trnh luyn qung thnh gang
Phn ng to thnh cht kh CO
Khng kh nng c nn vo l cao phn trn ca ni l, t chy hon ton cc :
C + O2 CO2
Nhit lng ca phn ng to ra lm cho nhit ti trn 1800oC. Kh CO2 i ln pha trn gp
lp cc, b kh thnh CO :
CO2 + C 2CO
Phn ng ny thu nhit lm cho nhit phn trn ca phu l vo khong 1300oC.
Phn ng kh oxit st
Cc phn ng CO kh cc oxit st u c thc hin trong phn thn l, c nhit t 400
800oC :
phn trn ca thn l (nhit khong 400oC) xy ra phn ng :
3Fe2O3 + CO 2Fe3O4 + CO2
phn gia ca thn l (nhit khong 500 600oC) xy ra s kh oxit st t Fe3O4 thnh
st(II) oxit :
Fe3O4 + CO 3FeO + CO2
phn di ca thn l (nhit khong 700 800oC) xy ra phn ng kh st(II) oxit thnh
Fe :
FeO + CO Fe + CO2
Phn ng to x
phn bng l (nhit khong 1000oC) xy ra phn ng phn hu CaCO3 v phn ng to x:
CaCO3 CaO + CO2
CaO + SiO2 CaSiO3 (canxi silicat)

Cc phn ng ho hc xy ra trong l cao

c. S to thnh gang
phn bng l (nhit khong 1500oC) st nng chy c ho tan mt phn cacbon v mt
lng nh mangan, silic,... l gang. Gang nng chy tch t ni l. Sau mt thi gian nht nh,
ngi ta tho gang v x ra khi l cao.
II. THP
Thp l hp kim ca st vi cacbon (0,01 2%) v mt lng rt nh cc nguyn t Si, Mn, ...
1. Phn loi, tnh cht v ng dng ca thp
Da vo thnh phn v tnh cht, c th phn thp thnh hai nhm :
a. Thp thng (hay thp cacbon) : cha t cacbon, silic, mangan v rt t lu hunh, photpho.
cng ca thp ph thuc vo hm lng cacbon. Thp cng cha trn 0,9% C, thp mm khng qu
0,1% C. Loi thp ny thng c s dng trong xy dng nh ca, ch to cc vt dng trong i
sng.
b. Thp c bit l thp c cha thm cc nguyn t khc nh : Si, Mn, Cr, Ni, W, V,... Thp c
bit c nhng tnh cht c hc, vt l rt qu. V d :
Thp Cr Ni rt cng dng ch to vng bi, v xe bc thp,... Thp khng g c thnh phn
74% Fe, 18% Cr, 8% Ni dng ch to dng c y t, dng c nh bp,...
Thp W Mo Cr rt cng d nhit rt cao, dng ch to li dao ct gt kim loi cho
my tin, my phay,...
Thp silic c tnh n hi tt, dng ch to l xo, nhp t,...
Thp mangan rt bn, chu c va p mnh, dng ch to ng ray xe la, my nghin
,...
2. Sn xut thp
a. Nguyn liu
Nguyn liu sn xut thp gm : gang trng hoc gang xm, st thp ph liu ; cht chy l
canxi oxit ; nhin liu l du ma dt hoc kh t ; kh oxi.
b. Nhng phn ng ho hc xy ra trong qu trnh luyn gang thnh thp
Kh oxi c dng lm cht oxi ho cc nguyn t trong gang thnh nhng oxit. Cacbon v lu
hunh b oxi ho thnh nhng hp cht kh l CO2 v SO2 tch ra khi gang :
C + O2 CO2
S + O2 SO2

Silic v photpho b oxi ho thnh nhng oxit kh bay hi l SiO2 v P2O5 :

Si + O2 SiO2
4P + 5O2 2P2O5
Nhng oxit ny ho hp vi cht chy l CaO to thnh x (canxi photphat v canxi silicat) ni
trn b mt thp lng :
3CaO + P2O5 Ca3(PO4)2
CaO + SiO2 CaSiO3
c. Cc phng php luyn thp
Phng php Bet-x-me (l thi oxi)
Oxi nn di p sut 10 atm c thi trn b mt v trong lng gang nng chy, do vy oxi oxi
ho rt mnh nhng tp cht trong gang v thnh phn cc cht trong thp c trn u.
L thi oxi c u im l cc phn ng xy ra bn trong khi gang to rt nhiu nhit, thi gian
luyn thp ngn. L c ln c th luyn c 300 tn thp trong thi gian 45 pht. Ngy nay c
khong 80% thp c sn xut bng phng php ny.
Phng php Mac-tanh (l bng)
Nhin liu l kh t hoc du cng vi khng kh v oxi c phun vo l oxi ho cc tp cht
trong gang.
u im ca phng php ny l c th kim sot c t l cc nguyn t trong thp v b sung
cc nguyn t cn thit khc nh Mn, Ni, Cr, Mo, W, V,... Do vy, c th luyn c nhng loi thp
c cht lng cao.
Mi m thp ra l c khi lng chng 300 tn trong thi gian t 5 8 gi. Khong 12 15% thp
trn th gii c sn xut theo phng php ny.
Phng php l in
Nhit lng sinh ra trong l h quang in gia cc in cc bng than ch v gang lng to ra
nhit cao hn v d iu chnh hn so vi cc loi l trn. Do vy phng php l h quang in
c u im l luyn c nhng loi thp c bit m thnh phn c nhng kim loi kh nng chy
nh vonfam (tnc 3350oC), molipen (tnc 2620oC), crom (tnc 1890oC) v loi c hu ht nhng
nguyn t c hi cho thp nh lu hunh, photpho. Nhc im ca l h quang in l dung tch
nh nn khi lng mi m thp ra l khng ln.

B. PHNG PHP GII BI TP V ST, HP CHT, HP KIM CA ST
I. Kim loi st
Phng php gii
Bn cht phn ng ca kim loi st vi cc cht (phi kim; dung dch : axit, mui...) l phn ng
oxi ha - kh.
Phng php gii cc bi tp dng ny ch yu l s dng nh lut bo ton electron. Ngoi ra
c th s dng nh lut bo ton khi lng, bo ton nguyn t, bo ton in tch, phng php
ng cho v tnh ton theo phng trnh phn ng.
Lu :
St l kim loi c tnh kh mc trung bnh. Khi tham gia phn ng, ty thuc vo cht oxi ha
m st c th b oxi ha ln mc oxi ha +2 hoc +3.
Fe hoc hn hp Fe v mt s kim loi ng sau st nh Ni, Cu khi tc dng vi cc cht oxi
ha mnh nh dung dch : HNO3, H2SO4 c, nng, AgNO3, nu kim loi d th mui st to thnh
trong dung dch l mui st(II) v :
Fe + 2Fe3+ 3Fe2+
Cu + 2Fe3+ 2Fe2++ Cu2+
Cc v d minh ha
1. Phn ng ca st vi mt cht oxi ha :
V d 1: Ha tan hon ton 10 gam hn hp Mg v Fe trong dung dch HCl 4M thu c 5,6 lt H2
(ktc) v dung dch D. kt ta hon ton cc ion trong D cn 300 ml dung dch NaOH 2M. Th
tch dung dch HCl dng l :
A. 0,1 lt. B. 0,12 lt. C. 0,15 lt. D. 0,2 lt.
Hng dn gii
Dung dch D cha cc ion : Mg , Fe , Cl-, c th cn H+ d.
2+ 2+
Theo gi thit khi cho 0,6 mol NaOH vo dung dch D, cc ion Mg2+, Fe2+ v H+ (nu d) s
tch ra khi dung dch D. Dung dch to thnh ch cha Cl- v Na+. Suy ra :
n HCl = n Cl = n Na + = 0, 6 mol Vdd HCl = 0,15 lt.
p n C.
V d 2: Cho m gam bt Fe vo dung dch HNO3 ly d, ta c hn hp gm hai kh NO2 v NO
c VX = 8,96 lt (ktc) v t khi i vi O2 bng 1,3125. Thnh phn phn trm theo th tch ca
NO, NO2 v khi lng m ca Fe dng l :
A. 25% v 75% ; 1,12 gam. B. 25% v 75% ; 11,2 gam.
C. 35% v 65% ; 11,2 gam. D. 45% v 55% ; 1,12 gam.
Hng dn gii
t s mol ca NO2 v NO l x v y. Suy ra :
46x + 30x = 1,3125.32.0, 4 x = 0,3 %NO2 = 75%

x + y = 0,4 y = 0,1 %NO = 25%
p dng nh lut bo ton electron cho cc cht kh v oxi ha ta c :
3n Fe = n NO + 3n NO n Fe = 0,2 mol m Fe = 0,2.56 = 11,2 gam.
2
p p B.

V d 3: Ha tan hon ton 12 gam hn hp Fe, Cu (t l mol 1:1) bng axit HNO3, thu c V lt
(ktc) hn hp kh X (gm NO v NO2) v dung dch Y (ch cha hai mui v axit d). T khi ca
X i vi H2 bng 19. Gi tr ca V l :
A. 2,24 lt. B. 4,48 lt. C. 5,60 lt. D. 3,36 lt.
Hng dn gii
p dng s ng cho cho hn hp NO2 v NO ta c :
n 30 46 38 = 8
NO n NO 8 1
38 = =
n NO2 8 1
n NO 46 38 30 = 8
2
t n NO2 = n NO = x mol.
t nFe = nCu = a mol 56a + 64a = 12 a = 0,1 mol.
3n Fe + 2n Cu = n NO + 3n NO 0,1.3 + 0,1.2 = x + 3x x = 0,125 mol
2
V(NO, NO ) = 0,125.2.22, 4 = 5,6 lt.

2
p n C.
V d 4: Cho 12 gam hn hp hai kim loi Fe, Cu tc dng va vi dung dch HNO3 63%. Sau
phn ng thu c dung dch A v 11,2 lt kh NO2 duy nht (ktc). Nng % cc cht c trong
dung dch A l :
A. 36,66% v 28,48%. B. 27,19% v 21,12%.
C. 27,19% v 72,81%. D. 78,88% v 21,12%.
Hng dn gii
Ta c : n HNO = n N + nN = n electron trao oi + n NO2 = n NO2 + n NO2 = 1 mol.
3
NO3 tao muoi NO2

1.63.100
m dd mui = m hh k.loi + m dd HNO3 m NO2 = 12 + 46.0, 5 = 89 gam.
63
t nFe = x mol, nCu = y mol ta c :
56x + 64y = 12 x = 0,1

3x + 2y = 0,5 y = 0,1
0,1.242.100 0,1.188.100
%m Fe( NO3 )3 = = 27,19% , %m Cu ( NO3 )2 = = 21,12%.
89 89
p n B.
V d 5: Ha tan hon ton 11,2 gam Fe vo HNO3 d, thu c dung dch A v 6,72 lt hn hp
kh B gm NO v mt kh X, vi t l th tch l 1:1. Kh X l :
A. NO2. B. N2. C. N2O. D. NO.
Hng dn gii
6,72
S mol ca hn hp kh B: n B = = 0,3 mol n NO = n X = 0,15 mol .
22,4
Gi s s electron m N+5 nhn vo to ra sn phm X l n ta c :

n.n X + 3n NO = 3n Fe 0,15n + 0,45 = 0,6 n = 1 N+5 + 1e N+4

Vy kh X l NO2.
p n A.
V d 6: Cho hn hp gm 1,12 gam Fe v 1,92 gam Cu vo 400 ml dung dch cha hn hp gm
H2SO4 0,5M v NaNO3 0,2M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch X v kh
NO (sn phm kh duy nht). Cho V ml dung dch NaOH 1M vo dung dch X th lng kt ta thu
c l ln nht. Gi tr ti thiu ca V l :
A. 240. B. 120. C. 360. D. 400.
Hng dn gii
Cch 1: S dng phng trnh ion rt gn
nFe = 0,02 mol ; nCu = 0,03 mol ; n NO = 0,08 mol ; n H 2SO4 = 0,2 mol n H + = 0,4 mol
3
Phng trnh phn ng :

Fe + NO3 + 4H+ Fe3+ + NO + 2 H2O
mol: 0,02 0,02 0,08 0,02
3Cu + 2 NO3 + 8H+ 3Cu2+ + 2NO + 4 H2O
mol: 0,03 0,02 0,08 0,03
n H + d = 0,4 0,08 0,08 = 0,24 mol ; n NO d = 0,08 0,02 0,02 = 0,04 mol.
3
Fe3+ , Cu2+ , H + d, Na+

Vy trong dung dch X c : 2
NO3 d, SO 4
Khi cho NaOH vo X th ion OH- s phn ng vi cc ion : H+, Fe3+, Cu2+.
n OH = n H+ d + 3.n Fe3+ + 2.n Cu2+ = 0,24 + 3.0,02 + 2.0,03 = 0,36 mol.
Vy ta c : V = 360 ml.
p n C.
Cch 2: S dng phng php bo ton electron
n H+
Tc nhn oxi ha l NO3- trong mi trng axit, = 5 nn s mol electron trao i tnh
n NO
3
-
theo NO3 . S mol electron nhn ti a l 0,08.3 = 0,24 mol.
Tc nhn kh l Fe, Cu. S mol electron nhn ti a l 0,02.3 + 0,03.2 = 0,12 mol. Vy H+ v
NO3- d, Fe, Cu phn ng ht.
4
n H+ phan ng =
n = 0,16 mol n H+ d = 0,24 mol.
3 electron trao oi
Tnh tip nh cch 1 c kt qu cui cng.

2. Phn ng ca st vi nhiu cht oxi ha :

V d 7: Hn hp X gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3 v Fe3O4. Ho tan hon ton X trong 400 ml dung dch
HCl 2M thy thot ra 2,24 lt H2 v cn li 2,8 gam st (duy nht) cha tan. Hy cho bit nu cho
ton b hn hp X vo dung dch HNO3 c, nng d thu c bao nhiu lt kh NO2 ?
A. 4,48 lt. B. 10,08 lt. C. 16,8 lt. D. 20,16 lt.
Hng dn gii
V sau phn ng st d nn mui st trong dung dch l FeCl2.
S phn ng :
Fe, FeO HCl

X:
0 ,8 mol
FeCl2 + H 2 + H 2 O + Fe d
Fe2 O3 , Fe3O4
0,4 mol 0,1 mol 0,3 mol 0,05 mol
1 0, 4.2 2.0,1
nO = nH O = n H+ = = 0,3 mol.
X
2
2 H2 O
2
n Fe = n Fe d + n Fe = 0, 05 + 0, 4 = 0, 45 mol.
X FeCl2
Quy i hn hp X thnh Fe v O. p dng nh lut bo ton electron cho phn ng ca X vi

dung dch HNO3 ta c :
3n Fe = 2n O + n NO n NO = 0, 75 mol VNO = 16,8 lt.
2 2 2
p n C.
V d 8: Cho 18,5 gam hn hp gm Fe v Fe3O4 tc dng vi 200 ml dung dch HNO3 long, un
A. 3,2M. B. 3,5M. C. 2,6M. D. 5,1M.
Hng dn gii
Khi lng Fe d l 1,46 gam, do khi lng Fe v Fe3O4 phn ng l 17,04 gam. V sau
phn ng st cn d nn trong dung dch D ch cha mui st (II).
Quy i hn hp Fe3O4 v Fe thnh Fe v O2. S phn ng :
Fe : x mol Fe O + HNO3
3 4 Fe(NO3 )2 + NO
+ H2 O
O2 : y mol
Fe 0,1 mol
x mol
17,04 gam 17,04 gam
p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng v nh lut bo ton electron ta c :

56x + 32y = 17,04 x = 0,27

2x = 4y + 0,1.3 y = 0,06
p dng nh lut bo ton nguyn t i vi N suy ra :
S mol HNO3 phn ng = 0,27.2 + 0,1 = 0,64 mol [HNO3]=0,32M.
p n A.

V d 9: Cho m gam Fe vo dung dch cha ng thi H2SO4 v HNO3 thu c dung dch X v
4,48 lt NO (duy nht). Thm tip H2SO4 vo X th li thu c thm 1,792 lt kh NO duy nht na
v dung dch Y. Dung dch Y ho tan va ht 8,32 gam Cu khng c kh bay ra (cc kh o ktc).
Khi lng ca Fe cho vo l :
Hng dn gii
S phn ng :
H + , NO3 + Fe Fe2+ , Fe3+ H 2 SO 4 Fe , Fe
2+ 3+
+ Cu Fe , Cu
2+ 2+
2
2
(X) 2 +
(Y) 2 +
SO 4 SO 4 , NO3 d SO 4 , H SO 4 , H
Sau cc phn ng ta thy : Cht kh l Fe v Cu, mui st trong dung dch sau phn ng l Fe2+;
Cht oxi ha l NO3- trong mi trng axit.
4, 48 + 1, 792 8, 32
3. 2.
22, 4 64
2n Fe + 2n Cu = 3 n NO n Fe = = 0, 29 mol.
2
m Fe = 0, 29.56 = 16, 24 gam.
p n C.
V d 10: Cho m gam bt Fe vo 800,00 ml dung dch hn hp gm AgNO3 0,20M v HNO3
0,25M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 1,40m gam hn hp kim loi v V lt kh
NO (duy nht, ktc). Gi tr ca m v V ln lt l :
A. 21,50 v 1,12. B. 25,00 v 2,24. C. 8,60 v 1,12. D. 28,73 v 2,24.
Hng dn gii
n Ag+ = 0,16 mol ; n HNO3 = 0, 2 mol.
Theo gi thit sau phn ng thu c hn hp kim loi nn suy ra Fe d. Vy mui st trong
dung dch l mui st (II).
Qu trnh kh :
4H+ + NO3- + 3e NO + 2H2O
mol : 0,2 0,15 0,05
+
Ag + 1e Ag
mol : 0,16 0,16 0,16
Tng s mol electron trao i l 0,31 mol v th tch kh NO l 1,12 lt.
Qu trnh oxi ha :
Fe Fe2+ + 2e
mol : 0,155 0,155 0,31
Ta c biu thc lin quan n khi lng hn hp sau phn ng :
m 0,155.56 + 0,16.108 = 1,4m m = 21,5 gam.
p n A.

V d 11: Cho m gam bt Fe vo 800 ml dung dch hn hp gm Cu(NO3)2 0,2M v H2SO4 0,25M.
Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 0,6m gam hn hp bt kim loi v V lt kh NO
(sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Gi tr ca m v V ln lt l
A. 17,8 v 4,48. B. 17,8 v 2,24. C. 10,8 v 4,48. D. 10,8 v 2,24.
Hng dn gii
Sau phn ng thu c hn hp kim loi nn suy ra: Fe d, mui st trong dung dch l mui
st (II).
n Cu ( NO3 )2 = 0,16 mol n NO = 0,32 mol ; n H 2SO4 = 0,2 n H + = 0,4.
3
Fe + NO3 + 4H Fe3+ + NO + 2H2O

+
mol: 0,1 0,1 0,4 0,1 0,1

V = 0,1.22,4 = 2,24 lt.
Fe + 2Fe3+ 3Fe2+
mol: 0,05 0,1
Fe + Cu2+ Fe2+ + Cu
mol: 0,16 0,16 0,16
m 0,31.56 + 0,16.64 = 0,6m m = 17,8 gam.
p n B.
Nhn xt : v d ny ta nn s dng phng php bo ton electron th s tnh c kt qu
nhanh hn.
Cu chuyn v nc
Trong mt bui gp mt gia nh nc, Nc bin t ho ni: trn tri t ny, nc bin ta l v
i nht: v khng c loi nc no nhiu bng ta, v y quyn uy bng ta.
Nc ma tn ng, nhng cng rt hnh din v mnh, tip li: Vng, anh nc bin ng l v
i, nhng xin ng qun nc ma em nh, em cng c ch cho i, lm ma ti mt cho cy ci
xanh ti, cho vn vt sinh si ny n.
Nc sng, sui, ao h... cng nhao nhao ln, t ho khng km: bn em cng khng thua cc anh,
bn em cng c vai tr to ln...
Ai ai cng n , tng bc nhau v t tng bc mnh. Ch ring nc mt, v nc ngm l khng ni
g...
Mi ngi sau cuc n o, mi nhn ra s im lng y, ln ting hi. Nc mt ch kh tr li: em
thy cc anh ai cng v i, ai cng c ch cho i...Cn ring em, khi em xut hin, ch l nhng
lc con ngi au kh, bt hnh...Em khng bit em sinh ra trn i ny lm g, v em thy em
chng gip c g c, s hin din ca em chng c ngha g c...
n khi y nc ngm mi ln ting: em , khng phi nh em ngh u...Ai sinh ra trn i cng
u c mt ngha nht nh no .
Em hy ngh m xem: v sao lc con ngi au kh, bt hnh em li xut hin? l v s xut
hin ca em lm xua tan nhng kh au , con ngi s cm thy nh nhm hn nu h c th
khc c.
V em khng thy sao: kia ka, mt ngi i xa nay tr li qu hng, trn mt h, long lanh nhng
git nc mt cm ng; v kia na, mt ngi m cho n a con cho i bng nhng git
nc mt hnh phc... Nhng git nc mt , khng phi l em sao? Em cng l git nc qu
m nhn loi c c. Hy dng cm sng, v sng tht ngha nh em.

II. Hp cht ca st
Phng php gii
Bi tp cha hn hp FeO, Fe3O4 (FeO.Fe2O3), Fe2O3 phn ng vi H+ :
+ Nu cho bit n FeO = n Fe O th quy i hn hp thnh Fe3O4.
2 3
+ Nu khng cho bit mi lin quan gia s mol FeO v Fe2O3 th quy i hn hp thnh
hn hp Fe2O3 v FeO.
Bi tp lin quan n phn ng ca hn hp (Fe, FeO, Fe3O4, Fe2O3); (Fe, FeS, FeS2, S) vi cc
dung dch axit c tnh oxi ha mnh nh HNO3, H2SO4 c nng :
Quy i thnh hn hp (Fe v O2); (Fe v S) sau p dng nh lut bo ton electron, bo
ton nguyn t N, S tm ra kt qu.
Bi tp lin quan n phn ng ca Fe2+ vi cc dung dch c tnh oxi ha nh KMnO4/H+,
K2Cr2O7/H+, NO3-/H+ :
S dng phng php bo ton electron hoc phng trnh ion rt gn, nhng s dng phng
php bo ton electron th u vit hn.
Bi tp lin quan n phn ng ca Fe3+ vi cc cht c tnh kh :
Ty thuc vo tnh kh ca cht kh m Fe3+ c th b kh v Fe2+ hoc Fe :
+ Vi cc kim loi t Mg n trc Fe : C th kh Fe3+ v Fe nu cc kim loi ny d.
Th t kh l kh Fe3+ v ht Fe2+ sau kh Fe2+ v Fe.
+ Vi cc kim loi t Fe n trc Cu v dung dch cha cc ion nh S2-, I-: Ch c th kh
Fe3+ v Fe2+.
S2- + 2Fe3+ 3Fe2+ + S
2I- + 2Fe3+ 2Fe2++ I2
Tm li gii quyt nhanh cc bi tp lin quan n hp cht ca st trc tin ta phi nm
chc tnh cht ca chng, ri p dng linh hot cc phng php gii nh : bo ton electron, bo
ton nguyn t, bo ton khi lng, bo ton in tch, quy i... nhiu khi phi kt hp ng thi
mt s phng php, hn ch ti a vic vit phng trnh phn ng tit kim thi gian lm bi.
Cc v d minh ha
V d 1: Hn hp A gm CuSO4 + FeSO4 + Fe2(SO4)3 c % khi lng ca S l 22%. Ly 50 gam
hn hp A ha tan trong nc. Thm dung dch NaOH d, kt ta thu c em nung ngoi khng
kh ti khi lng khng i. Lng oxit sinh ra em kh hon ton bng CO thu c m gam hn
hp Cu + Fe. Gi tr ca m l :
Hng dn gii
Ta thy trong phn t cc cht CuSO4, FeSO4, Fe2(SO4)3 khi lng ca oxi lun gp hai ln
khi lng ca lu hunh.
Theo gi thit % khi lng ca S l 22%, suy ra % khi lng ca O l 44% ; % khi lng
ca Fe, Cu l 34%.
Vy khi lng ca hn hp Fe v Cu l : 34%.50 = 17 gam.
p n A.

V d 2: ho tan hon ton 23,2 gam hn hp gm FeO, Fe3O4 v Fe2O3 (trong s mol FeO
bng s mol Fe2O3), cn dng va V lt dung dch HCl 0,5M. Gi tr ca V l :
A. 1,8. B. 0,8. C. 2,3. D. 1,6.
Hng dn gii
V s mol ca FeO v Fe2O3 trong hn hp bng nhau nn ta quy i hn hp FeO, Fe3O4 v
Fe2O3 thnh Fe3O4.
23,3
Ta c n Fe3O4 = = 0,1 mol.
233
Phng trnh phn ng:
Fe3O4 + 8HCl FeCl2 + 2FeCl3 + 4H2O (1)
mol: 0,1 0,8
0,8
Vdd HCl = = 1,6 lt.
0, 5
p n D.
V d 3: Cho m gam hn hp gm FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 tc dng vi dung dch HCl (d). Sau khi cc
phn ng xy ra hon ton, c dung dch Y. C cn Y thu c 7,62 gam FeCl2 v 9,75 gam
FeCl3. Gi tr ca m l :
A. 9,12. B. 8,75. C. 7,80. D. 6,50.
Hng dn gii
Quy i hn hp FeO, Fe3O4 v Fe2O3 thnh FeO v Fe2O3.
Phng trnh phn ng:
FeO + 2HCl FeCl2 + 2H2O (1)
mol: 0,06 0,06
Fe2O3 + 6HCl 2FeCl3 + 3H2O (2)
mol: 0,03 0,06
T (1) v (2) m = 0,06.72 + 0,03.160 = 9,12 gam.
p n A.
V d 4: Cho dung dch NaOH 20,00% tc dng va vi dung dch FeCl2 10,00%. un nng
trong khng kh cho cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Nng phn trm ca mui to thnh trong
dung dch sau phn ng l (coi nc bay hi khng ng k) :
A. 7,5%. B. 7,45%. C. 8,5%. D. 8,45% .
Hng dn gii
100.20
Gi s c 100 gam dung dch NaOH tham gia phn ng n NaOH = = 0,5 mol .
100.40
Phng trnh phn ng :
mol: 0,25 0,5 0,25 0,5
4Fe(OH)2 + O2 + 2H2O 4Fe(OH)3
mol: 0,25 0,0625 0,25
Theo gi thit ta c :
0,25.127
m dd FeCl = = 317,5 gam
2
10%
S gam kt ta : m Fe(OH) = 0,25.107 = 26, 75 gam

3

m dd NaCl = m dd FeCl + m dd NaOH + m O m Fe(OH)
2 2 3
mdd NaCl = 317,5 + 100 + 32.0,0625 26,75 = 392,75 gam.

Khi lng mui trong dung dch sau phn ng :
29,25
mNaCl = 0,5.58,5 = 29,25 gam C%NaCl = .100 = 7, 45% .
392, 75
p n B.
V d 5: Ha tan ht hn hp cha 10 gam CaCO3 v 17,4 gam FeCO3 bng dung dch HNO3
long, nng. S mol HNO3 tham gia phn ng bng :
Hng dn gii
S phn ng :
o
t
FeCO3 + CaCO3 + HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + Ca(NO3)2 + NO + H2O
p dng bo ton electron ta c : n FeCO = 3.n NO n NO = 0, 05 mol.
3
p dng nh lut bo ton nguyn t i vi N ta c :

n HNO = n N + nN = (2.n CaCO + 3n FeCO ) + n NO = 0,7 mol.
3 3 3
muoi NO
p n C.
V d 6: t 15 gam hn hp bt Al v Fe trong kh Cl2 thu c hn hp cht rn X. Cho X vo
nc d, thu c dung dch Y v 4 gam cht rn khng tan. Lc b cht rn, thu dung dch Y. Ly
1/2 dung dch Y tc dng c vi ti a 0,09 mol KMnO4 trong H2SO4. Phn trm khi lng ca
Fe trong hn hp ban u l :
A. 62,67%. B. 72,91%. C. 64,00%. D. 37,33%.
Hng dn gii
Cho X vo nc c dung dch Y v 4 gam cht rn (kim loi d) nn mui st trong dung
dch Y (nu c) l FeCl2. Khi lng kim loi phn ng l 15 4 = 11 gam.
S phn ng :
+3
Al2 (SO 4 )3
o
Al + Cl2 , to AlCl3 +3
+7
+ H2 O K Mn O4 / H 2 SO 4
o X (Y) Fe2 (SO 4 )3 + Cl2
Fe
FeCl 2 +2
Mn SO 4
11 gam

Sau tt c cc phn ng ta thy : Cht kh l Fe, Al; cht oxi ha l KMnO4.
p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng v nh lut bo ton electron ta c :
27a + 56b = 11 a = 0, 2 0,1.56 + 4
%Fe = = 64%.
3a + 3b = 2.5.0, 09 b = 0,1 15
Nhn xt : Gii h phng trnh ta thy trong Y c 0,1 mol FeCl2 chng t nhm phn ng
ht, 4 gam kim loi l Fe.
p n C.

V d 7: Ho tan hon ton mt lng hn hp X gm Fe3O4 v FeS2 trong 63 gam HNO3, thu
c 1,568 lt NO2 (ktc). Dung dch thu c cho tc dng va vi 200 ml dung dch NaOH
2M, lc kt ta em nung n khi lng khng i thu c 9,76 gam cht rn. Nng % ca
dung dch HNO3 c gi tr l :
A. 47,2%. B. 46,2%. C. 46,6%. D. 44,2%.
Hng dn gii
Cht rn l Fe2O3; s mol HNO3 tnh qua NO2 v NaNO3; mun tnh c NaNO3 phi tnh
c Na2SO4 v ta bit tng s mol NaOH l 0,4 mol; mun tnh Na2SO4 phi bit s mol S c
ngha l phi tnh FeS2.
9, 76
n Fe2O3 = = 0, 061 mol n Fe(OH)3 = 0,122 mol.
160
p dng nh lut bo ton nguyn t i vi st v nh lut bo ton electron ta c :
Fe3O 4 ( a mol ) 3a + b = 0,122 a = 0, 04

FeS2 ( b mol ) a + 15b = 0, 07 b = 0, 002
p dng nh lut bo ton nguyn t i vi Na ta c :
NaNO3 : 0,392 mol
n HNO3 = 0,392 + 0, 07 = 0, 462 mol.
Na 2 (SO 4 ): 0,004 mol
0, 462.63
Vy C% NaOH = .100 = 46, 2%.
63
p n B.
V d 8: Ha tan hon ton m gam hn hp X gm FexOy v FeS va trong 180 ml HNO3 1M
thu c dung dch Y khng cha mui sunfat v 2,016 lt kh NO2 (ktc). Cho dung dch Ba(OH)2
d vo dung dch Y to ra kt ta Z. Lc ly phn kt ta Z v nung trong khng kh n khi
lng khng i th thu c 4,73 gam cht rn. Phn trm khi lng FexOy trong hn hp X l :
A. 64,5%. B. 78,43%. C. 32,25%. D. 21,57%.
Hng dn gii
p dng nh lut bo ton nguyn t i vi N ta c :
n Fe2O3 = 0, 015 mol
n HNO3 = 3n Fe(NO3 ) + n NO2 n Fe( NO3 )3 = 0, 03 mol
n BaSO4 = 0, 01 mol
Fe (0, 03 mol)

Quy i hn hp X thnh: S (0, 01 mol) 3.0, 03 + 0,01.6 = 2a + 0, 09 a = 0, 03 Fe 2O3
O (a mol)

0, 02.56 + 0, 03.16
Phn trm khi lng FexOy trong hn hp X l : .100 = 64,5%.
0, 03.56 + 0, 01.32 + 0, 03.16
p n A.

V d 9: Ha tan hon ton hn hp gm 0,02 mol FeS2 v 0,03 mol FeS vo lng d dung dch
H2SO4 c nng, thu c Fe2(SO4)3, SO2, H2O. Hp th ht SO2 bng lng va dung dch
KMnO4 thu c dung dch Y khng mu, trong sut, c pH =2. Th tch dung dch Y (lt) l :
A. 11,4. B. 22,8. C. 17,1. D. 45,6.
Hng dn gii
Cc qu trnh oxi ha kh :
Qu trnh oxi ha :
FeS2 Fe+3 + 2S+4 + 11e
mol : 0,02 0,04 0,22
FeS Fe + S+4 + 7e
+3
mol : 0,03 0,03 0,21

Qu trnh kh :
S+6 + 2e S+4
mol : 0,43 0,215
Tng s mol electron cho = tng s mol electron nhn = 0,43 mol.
Cn c vo cc qu trnh oxi ha kh, ta c : Tng s SO2 = 0,04 + 0,03 + 0,215 = 0,285 mol
Phng trnh phn ng :
5SO2 + 2KMnO4 + 2H2O K2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + 2H2SO4
mol : 0,285 0,114
n H+ = 0,114.2 = 0,228 vi pH = 2 [H+]= 0,01 V = 22,8 lt.
p n B.
Ch : i vi bi ny cn c cc khc tnh c s mol SO2 nhanh hn. Cc em chu kh
suy ngh thm nh.
V d 10: Trn 1 lt dung dch A gm K2Cr2O7 0,15 M v KMnO4 0,2M vi V lt dung dch FeSO4
1,25M (mi trng H2SO4) phn ng oxi ha kh xy ra va . Gi tr ca V l :
A. 1,52. B. 0,72 C. 0,8. D. 2.
Hng dn gii
Ta thy cht kh l : FeSO4 ; Cht oxi ha l K2Cr2O7 v KMnO4.
p dng nh lut bo ton electron :
n Fe2+ = 5.n MnO + 6.n Cr O 2 n FeSO4 = n Fe2+ = 5.0, 2 + 6.0,15 = 1, 9 mol
4 2 7
1, 9
Vdd FeSO4 = = 1,52 lt .
1, 25
p n A.

V d 11: Dung dch A cha 0,01 mol Fe(NO3)3 v 0,15 mol HCl c kh nng ha tan ti a bao
nhiu gam Cu kim loi (Bit NO l sn phm kh duy nht) ?
Hng dn gii
Cch 1 : S dng phng trnh ion rt gn
Phng trnh ion :
3Cu + 8H+ + 2NO3 3Cu2+ + 2NO + 4H2O (1)
b : 0,15 0,03
p: 0,045 0,12 0,03
Cu + 2Fe3+ 2Fe2+ + Cu2+ (2)
mol: 0,005 0,01
mCu ti a = (0,045 + 0,005).64 = 3,2 gam.
p n C.
Cch 2 : S dng nh lut bo ton electron
Cn c vo cc cht phn ng thy : Cu l cht kh, NO3- trong mi trng axit v Fe3+ l cht
oxi ha.
Qu trnh kh : 4H+ + NO3- + 3e NO + 2H2O (1)
n H+ n H+
Nhn xt : Theo (1) ta thy : = 4 , theo gi thit > 4 suy ra H+ d nn NO3- ht.
n NO n NO
3 3

2nCu = 3n NO + n Fe3+ nCu = 0,05 mol m Cu = 3,2 gam.
3
3
Ch : Nu phi tnh theo H+ th ta c : 2n Cu = n + + n Fe3+ .
4 H
V d 12: Cho 0,3 mol bt Cu v 0,6 mol Fe(NO3)2 vo dung dch cha 0,9 mol H2SO4 (long). Sau
khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c V lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Gi tr
ca V l :
A. 6,72 . B. 8,96 . C. 4,48 . D. 10,08.
Hng dn gii
Phng trnh phn ng :
n Cu = 0, 3 mol ; n Fe2+ = 0, 6 mol ; n NO = 1, 2 mol ; n H + = 1,8 mol.
3
+ 2+
3Cu + 8H + 2 NO3 3Cu + 2NO + 4H2O (1)
mol: 0,3 0,8 0,2 0,2
2+ + 3+
3Fe + 4H + NO3 3Fe + NO + 2H2O (2)
mol: 0,6 0,8 0,2 0,2
T (1), (2) ta thy Cu v Fe phn ng ht, NO3- v H+ cn d
2+
nNO = 0,4 mol V = 8,96 lt.

p n B.

Cch 2 : S dng nh lut bo ton electron

n H+ 3
< 4 suy ra H+ ht trc, n electron nhan toi a = n + = 1,35 mol .
n NO 4 H
3
n electron nhng toi a = 2n Cu + n Fe2+ = 1,2 < n electron nhan toi a . Vy Cu, Fe2+ ht, H+ v NO3- d.
p dng nh lut bo ton eletron ta c :
2n Cu + n Fe2+ = 3n NO n NO = 0, 4 mol VNO = 8,96 lt.
(Em thy cch no hay hn?)
V d 13: Hn hp X gm (Fe, Fe2O3, Fe3O4, FeO) vi s mol mi cht l 0,1 mol, ha tan ht vo
dung dch Y gm (HCl v H2SO4 long) d thu c dung dch Z. Nh t t dung dch Cu(NO3)2
1M vo dung dch Z cho ti khi ngng thot kh NO. Th tch dung dch Cu(NO3)2 cn dng v th
tch kh thot ra ( ktc) l :
A. 25 ml; 1,12 lt. B. 0,5 lt; 22,4 lt. C. 50 ml; 2,24 lt. D. 50 ml; 1,12 lt.
Hng dn gii
Quy hn hp X thnh hn hp Y gm : 0,2 mol Fe3O4 v 0,1 mol Fe.
Phn ng ca hn hp Y vi H+
Fe3O4 + 8H+ Fe2+ + 2Fe3+ + 4H2O
mol: 0,2 0,2 0,4
Fe + 2H+ Fe2+ + H2
mol: 0,1 0,1
Dung dch Z: (Fe : 0,3 mol; Fe3+: 0,4 mol) tc dng vi Cu(NO3)2 :
2+
3Fe2+ + NO3 + 4H+ 3Fe3+ + NO + 2H2O

mol: 0,3 0,1 0,1
VNO = 0,1.22,4 = 2,24 lt.
1 0, 05
n Cu( NO3 )2 = n NO = 0,05 mol Vdd Cu (NO3 )2 = = 0,05 lt (hay 50 ml).
2 3
1
p n C.
V d 14: Hai bnh kn A, B u c dung tch khng i V lt cha khng kh (21% oxi v 79% nit
v th tch). Cho vo c hai bnh nhng lng nh nhau hn hp ZnS v FeS2. Trong bnh B cn
thm mt t bt S (khng d). Sau khi t chy ht hn hp sunfua v lu hunh, lc trong bnh
A oxi chim 3,68% th tch, trong bnh B nit chim 83,16% th tch. % th tch ca SO2 trong bnh
A l:
A. 13,16%. B. 3,68%. C. 83,16%. D. 21%.
Hng dn gii
Ta thy bnh B c thm phn ng S + O2 SO2.
Tc l lng mol oxi phn ng bao nhiu th lng mol SO2 thm vo by nhiu, tc l khng
tng, gim s mol (tc l khng tng, gim th tch). Suy ra th tch hn hp kh sau phn ng B
v A l nh nhau; m lng N2 A v B l nh nhau nn :
VN2 = VN 2 = 83,16% %SO 2 = 100% %O 2 %N 2 = 13,16%.
A B
y l bi ton thot u nhn rt kh, nhng mt cht th bi ton li tr nn rt n

gin. Chu kh t duy logic, cc em s tm c nhng li gii hay v ngn gn.
p n A.

V d 15: Cho mt lung CO i qua ng s ng 0,04 mol hn hp A gm FeO v Fe2O3 t nng.

Sau khi kt thc th nghim thu c B gm 4 cht nng 4,784 gam. Kh i ra khi ng s cho hp
th vo dung dch Ba(OH)2 d th thu c 9,062 gam kt ta. Phn trm khi lng Fe2O3 trong
hn hp A l :
A. 86,96%. B. 16,04%. C. 13,04%. D. 6,01%.
Hng dn gii
Bn cht phn ng kh oxit st l :
to
CO + O (oxit st) CO2 (1)
mol: 0,046 0,046
Lng CO2 sinh ra c hp th vo dung dch Ba(OH)2 d :
mol: 0,046 0,046
n CO = n CO2 = n BaCO3 = 0, 046 mol.
mA + mCO = mB + m CO2
mA = 4,784 + 0,046.44 0,046.28 = 5,52 gam.
Gi s mol ca FeO v Fe2O3 trong hn hp B l x v y, ta c :
x + y = 0,04 x = 0, 01

72x + 160y = 5,52 y = 0, 03
0, 03.160.100
%Fe2 O3 = = 86,96% .
5,52
p n A.
V d 16: Cho 4,48 lt CO (ktc) t t i qua ng s nung nng ng 8 gam mt oxit st n khi
phn ng xy ra hon ton. Kh thu c sau phn ng c t khi so vi hiro bng 20. Cng thc
ca oxit st v phn trm th tch ca kh CO2 trong hn hp kh sau phn ng l :
A. FeO; 75%. B. Fe2O3; 75%. C. Fe2O3; 65%. D. Fe3O4; 65%.
Hng dn gii
o
Phng trnh phn ng : FexOy + yCO
t
xFe + yCO2 (1)
Kh thu c c M = 40 M CO < M < MCO . Vy kh thu c gm CO2 v CO d.
2
p dng nh lut bo ton nguyn t i vi C ta suy ra :

n CO ban au = n CO + n CO d = 0,2 mol.
2
p dng s ng cho cho hn hp CO2 v CO d ta c :

n 28 44 40 = 4
CO n CO 4 1
40 = =
n CO2 12 3
n CO 44 40 28 = 12
2
3
Phn trm v th tch CO2 trong hn hp l : %CO 2 = .100 = 75%
4

75
n CO phan ng = n CO =
.0,2 = 0,15 mol
2
100
Bn cht phn ng kh oxit st l :
to
CO + O (trong oxit st) CO2
nCO = nO (trong oxit st) = 0,15 mol mO = 0,15.16 = 2,4 gam.
mFe = 8 2,4 = 5,6 gam nFe = 0,1 mol.
n x 0,1 2
Ta c: Fe = = = Oxit st c cng thc l Fe2O3.
nO y 0,15 3
p n B.
V d 17: Cho mt lung CO i qua ng s ng m gam Fe2O3 nung nng mt thi gian, thu c
13,92 gam cht rn X gm Fe, Fe3O4, FeO v Fe2O3. Ho tan ht X bng HNO3 c nng thu c
5,824 lt NO2 (ktc). Gi tr ca m l :
Hng dn gii
Nhn xt : Trong qu trnh phn ng trn ch c nguyn t cacbon v nguyn t nit thay i s
oxi ha.
2.n CO = 1.n NO n CO = 0,13 mol
2

m Fe O + m CO = m X + m CO ma n CO = n CO
2 3 2 2
m Fe O = 13,92 + 0,13.44 0,13.28 = 16 gam.

2 3
Gii thch biu thc 2.n CO = 1.n NO2 :

Bn cht ca qu trnh phn ng trn l :
C+2 C+4 + 2e
N+5 + 1e N+4
Suy ra s mol electron m CO nhng = 2n CO ; s mol electron m HNO3 nhn = 1.n NO
2
p n A.
V d 18: A l qung hematit cha 60% Fe2O3. B l qung manhetit cha 69,6% Fe3O4. Trn mA
tn qung A vi mB tn qung B thu c qung C, m t 1 tn qung C c th iu ch c 0,5
tn gang cha 4% cacbon. T l mA/mB l :
A. 5:2. B. 3:4. C. 4:3. D. 2:5.
Hng dn gii
S kg Fe c trong 1 tn ca mi qung l :
60 112
Qung A cha: 1000 = 420 kg
100 160
69, 6 168
Qung B cha: 1000 = 504 kg kg
100 232
Qung C cha: 500. (1 4% ) = 480 kg

S ng cho:
mA 420 504 480 m A 504 480 2

480 = =
m B 480 420 5
mB 504 480 420
p n D.
Sing hc tp th mau bit.

Sing ngh ngi th hay c sng kin.
Sing lm th nht nh thnh cng.
Sing hot ng th c sc kho.
H Ch Minh
Gii hn l do mnh t ra
Cc nh nghin cu quan st thy mt thi quen rt k l ca loi b: Khi c cho vo mt

chic hp c np, b nhy lin tc ln pha np hp.
Ban u, nhng con b s nhy chm vo np hp, nhng dn dn chng s khng nhy cao na,
trnh chm vo np. n gin l do p u vo np hp th kh au nn chng s t ng nhy
thp hn.
n khi ci np c nhc ra, b vn tip tc nhy, nhng khng h nhy ra ngoi hp. Chng
khng th. V chng t t cho mnh gii hn ch nhy cao n mc m thi.
l chuyn con b. Nhng n cng khin chng ta lin tng n con ngi. Khng t ln, v
mun kim s yn n, v thiu can m, v s tn thng, chng ta t hn ch kh nng ca
chnh mnh. Chng ta ch mun hon thnh cng vic mt mc an ton, va phi, v khng
qu t ph. Ta qun mt rng, khi t gii hn nng lc ca bn thn, chng ta s khng t c
mc m l ra chng ta c th t n, v c ng mnh lm ht kh nng ri. V c th, kh nng
ca chng ta s khng c iu kin c pht trin ng mc.

C. BI TP TRC NGHIM
Cu 1: X3+ c cu hnh electron l : 1s22s22p63s23p63d5

a. Cu hnh electron ca X l :
A. 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d3. B. 1s22s22p63s23p63d5.
C. 1s22s22p63s23p63d6. D. 1s22s22p63s23p63d64s2.
b. Cu hnh electron ca X2+ l :
A. 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d3. B. 1s22s22p63s23p63d5.
C. 1s22s22p63s23p63d6. D. 1s22s22p63s23p63d64s2.
c. V tr ca nguyn t X trong bng tun hon l :
A. s 26, chu k 4, nhm VIIIA. B. s 26, chu k 4, nhm IIA.
C. s 26, chu k 3, nhm VIIIB. D. s 26, chu k 4, nhm VIIIB.
Cu 2: Kim loi st c cu trc mng tinh th
A. lp phng tm din.
B. lp phng tm khi.
C. lc phng.
D. lp phng tm khi hoc lp phng tm din.
Cu 3: Nguyn t ca nguyn t A c tng cc ht c bn l 82. trong ht mang in gp 1,73
ln ht khng mang in. A l :
A. Fe. B. Al. C. Cu. D. Cr.
Cu 4: Tng s ht proton, ntron, electron trong 2 nguyn t kim loi X v Y l 142, trong
tng s ht mang in nhiu hn tng s ht khng mang in l 42. S ht mang in ca nguyn
t Y nhiu hn s ht mang in ca nguyn t X l 12. Hai nguyn t X v Y ln lt l :
A. Ca v Fe. B. Mg v Ca. C. Fe v Cu. D. Mg v Cu.
Cu 5: Hp cht Z c to bi hai nguyn t M v R c cng thc MaRb trong R chim 20/3
(%) v khi lng. Bit rng tng s ht proton trong phn t Z bng 84. Cng thc phn t ca Z
l :
A. Al2O3. B. Cu2O. C. AsCl3. D. Fe3C.
Cu 6: Trong phn t MX2, M chim 46,67% v s lng. Ht nhn M c s ntron nhiu hn s
prton l 4 ht. Trong ht nhn X s ntron bng s proton. Tng s proton trong phn t MX2 l 58
Cng thc phn t ca MX2 l :
A. FeS2. B. NO2. C. SO2. D. CO2.
Cu 7: Gi thit trong tinh th, cc nguyn t st l nhng hnh cu chim x% th tch tinh th,
phn cn li l cc khe rng. Cho bit nguyn t khi ca st l 55,85, khi lng ring l 7,87
g/cm3 v bn knh gn ng ca nguyn t l 1,28.10-8 cm. Gi tr ca x l :
A. 68. B. 75. C. 62. D. 74.
Cu 8: Dy cc kim loi c sp xp theo chiu gim dn tnh kh l :
A. Zn, Cr, Ni, Fe, Cu, Ag, Au. B. Zn, Fe, Cr, Ni, Cu, Ag, Au.
C. Fe, Zn, Ni, Cr, Cu, Ag, Au. D. Zn, Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu, Ag, Au.
Cu 9: Cho cc cp kim loi nguyn cht tip xc trc tip vi nhau: Fe v Pb; Fe v Zn; Fe v Sn;
Fe v Ni. Khi nhng cc cp kim loi trn vo dung dch axit, s cp kim loi trong Fe b ph
hu trc l :
A. 1. B. 2. C. 4. D. 3.

Cu 10: Dy kim loi b th ng trong axit HNO3 c, ngui l :

A. Fe, Al, Cr. B. Fe, Al, Ag. C. Fe, Al, Cu. D. Fe, Zn, Cr.
Cu 11: t chy st trong khng kh, th phn ng xy ra l :
o o
t t
A. 3Fe + 2O2 Fe3O4. B. 4Fe + 3O2 2Fe2O3.
o
t
C. 2Fe + O2 2FeO. D. to hn hp FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4.
Cu 12: Ho tan Fe vo dung dch AgNO3 d, dung dch thu c cha cht no sau y ?
A. Fe(NO3)2. B. Fe(NO3)3.
C. Fe(NO2)2, Fe(NO3)3, AgNO3. D. Fe(NO3)3, AgNO3.
Cu 13: Cho d cc cht sau : Cl2 (1) ; I2 (2) ; dd HNO3 (to) (3) ; dd H2SO4 c, ngui (4) ; dd
H2SO4 long (5) ; dd HCl m c (6) ; dd CuSO4 (7) ; H2O (to > 570oC) (8) ; dd AgNO3 (9) ;
Fe2(SO4)3 (10), S (11).
a. C bao nhiu cht khi tc dng vi Fe u to c hp cht Fe(III) ?
A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4.
b. C bao nhiu cht khi tc dng vi Fe u to c hp cht Fe(II) ?
A. 5. B. 6. C. 7. D. 8.
o
Cu 14: Cho cc cht : dd HNO3 (t ) (1) ; dd H2SO4 c, nng (2) ; dd AgNO3 (3) ; dd Fe2(SO4)3
(4) ; dd H2SO4 long (5) ; dd HCl m c (6) ; dd CuSO4 (7) ; H2O (to > 570oC) (8) ; H2O (to<
570oC) (9), HNO3 c ngui (10). C bao nhiu cht khi tc dng vi Fe d u to c hp cht
Fe (II) :
A.5. B. 6. C. 7. D. 8.
Cu 15: Chia bt kim loi X thnh 2 phn. Phn mt cho tc dng vi Cl2 to ra mui Y. Phn 2
cho tc dng vi dung dch HCl to ra mui Z. Cho kim loi X tc dng vi mui Y li thu c
mui Z. Vy X l kim loi no sau y ?
A. Mg. B. Al. C. Zn. D. Fe.
Cu 16: Cho 1 mol st tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 long (c cha 3 mol HNO3). Sau khi phn
ng xy ra hon ton thu c dung dch A v kh B khng mu ho nu ngoi khng kh. Bit B l
sn phm duy nht ca s kh. Dung dch A cha:
A. Fe(NO3)3. B. Fe(NO3)3 v HNO3.
C. Fe(NO3)3 v Fe(NO3)2. D. Fe(NO3)2.
Cu 17: Cho x mol Fe vo cc cha y mol HNO3, khuy u phn ng xy ra hon ton c
dung dch A cha 2 mui v kh B khng mu ho nu ngoi khng kh. Bit B l sn phm duy
nht ca s kh. Pht biu no di y v mi quan h gia x, y trong th nghim l ng ?
8 8 8
A. y > 4x. B. y <
x. C. x < y < 4x. D. x y 4x.
3 3 3
Cu 18: Cho bt st vo cc cha H2SO4 nhit thch hp, khuy u phn ng xy ra hon
ton c dung dch A, rn B v kh C. Dung dch A cha :
A. FeSO4 v H2SO4. B. FeSO4 v Fe2(SO4)3.
C. FeSO4. D. Fe2(SO4)3.
Cu 19: Cho hn hp X gm Mg v Fe vo dung dch axit H2SO4 c, nng n khi cc phn ng
xy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch Y v mt phn Fe khng tan. Cht tan c trong dung dch Y
l:
A. MgSO4 v FeSO4. B. MgSO4.
C. MgSO4 v Fe2(SO4)3. D. MgSO4, Fe2(SO4)3 v FeSO4.

Cu 20: Thnh phn no ca c th ngi c nhiu Fe nht ?

A. Tc. B. Xng. C. Mu. D. Da.
Cu 21: Trong s cc hp cht: FeO, Fe3O4, FeS, FeS2, FeSO4, Fe2(SO4)3. Cht c t l khi lng
Fe ln nht v nh nht l :
A. FeS; FeSO4. B. Fe3O4; FeS2. C. FeSO4; Fe3O4. D. FeO; Fe2(SO4)3.
Cu 22: Qung giu st nht trong t nhin nhng him l :
A. Hematit. B. Xiehit. C. Manhetit. D. Pirit.
Cu 23: Tn ca cc qung cha FeCO3, Fe2O3, Fe3O4, FeS2 ln lt l g ?
A. Hemantit, pirit, manhetit, xierit. B. Xierit, hemantit, manhetit, pirit.
C. Xierit, manhetit, pirit, hemantit. D. Pirit, hemantit, manhetit, xierit.
Cu 24: Mt loi qung trong t nhin loi b ht tp cht. Ho tan qung ny trong axit
HNO3 thy c kh mu nu bay ra, dung dch thu c cho tc dng vi dung dch BaCl2 thy c
kt ta trng xut hin (khng tan trong axit). Qung l :
A. Xirit (FeCO3). B. Manhetit (Fe3O4). C. Hematit (Fe2O3). D. Pirit (FeS2).
Cu 25: Cho dung dch FeCl2, ZnCl2 tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d, sau ly kt ta nung
trong khng kh n khi lng khng i, cht rn thu c l cht no sau y ?
A. FeO v ZnO. B. Fe2O3 v ZnO. C. Fe3O4. D. Fe2O3.
Cu 26: Cho oxit st (d) vo dung dch H2SO4 long, thu c dung dch khng th ho tan c
Ni. C my loi oxit st tha mn tnh cht trn ?
A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4.
Cu 27: Tm phn ng chng minh hp cht st (II) c tnh kh :
A. FeCl2 + 2NaOH Fe(OH)2 + 2NaCl.
B. Fe(OH)2 + 2HCl FeCl2 + 2H2O.
C. 3FeO + 10HNO3 3Fe(NO3)3 + 5H2O + NO.
D. FeO + CO Fe + CO2.
Cu 28: Trong phng th nghim bo qun mui Fe2+ ngi ta thng :
A. Ngm vo mt inh st. B. Cho vo mt vi git dung dch HCl.
C. M np l ng dung dch. D. Cho vo vi git dung dch H2SO4 long.
Cu 29: Nh t t n d dung dch FeSO4 c axit ho bng H2SO4 vo dung dch KMnO4.
M t hin tng quan st c.
A. Dung dch mu tm hng b nht dn ri chuyn sang mu vng.
B. Dung dch mu tm hng b nht dn n khng mu.
C. Dung dch mu tm hng b chuyn dn sang nu .
D. Mu tm b mt ngay. Sau dn dn xut hin tr li thnh dung dch c mu hng.
Cu 30: Tng h s (cc s nguyn, ti gin) ca tt c cc cht trong phng trnh ha hc ca
phn ng gia FeSO4 vi dung dch KMnO4 trong H2SO4 l :
A. 36. B. 34. C. 35. D. 33.
Cu 31: Dung dch FeSO4 lm mt mu my dung dch trong s cc dung dch sau y ?
(1) Dung dch KMnO4 trong mi trng H2SO4.
(2) Dung dch K2Cr2O7 trong mi trng H2SO4.
(3) Dung dch nc Br2.
(4) Dung dch nc I2.
A. 3. B. 4. C. 2. D. 1.

Cu 32: Ho tan hon ton hn hp FeS v FeCO3 bng mt lng dung dch H2SO4 c nng thu
c hn hp gm hai kh X ,Y. Cng thc ho hc ca X, Y ln lt l :
A. H2S v SO2. B. H2S v CO2. C. SO2 v CO. D. SO2 v CO2.
Cu 33: Cho hn hp FeS v FeS2 tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 long d thu c A cha ion no
sau y ?
A. Fe2+, SO42-, NO3-, H+. B. Fe2+, Fe3+, SO42-, NO3-, H+.
C. Fe3+, SO42-, NO3-, H+. D. Fe2+, SO32-, NO3-, H+.
Cu 34: Trong 3 oxit FeO; Fe2O3; Fe3O4, oxit no tc dng vi HNO3 cho ra kh:
A. Ch c FeO. B. Ch c Fe2O3. C. Ch c Fe3O4. D. FeO v Fe3O4.
Cu 35*: Cho cc cht rn: Al, Fe, Cu, I2; cht kh: Cl2, H2S; dung dch: Br2, NH3, NaCO3, NaOH,
HNO3, KMnO4/H+, AgNO3, HCl, NaHSO4, K2Cr2O7/H+.
a. C my cht tc dng c vi dung dch Fe(NO3)2 ?
A. 11. B. 12. C. 10. D. 9.
b. Trong c my phn ng oxi ha kh ?
A. 7. B. 9. C. 8. D. 10.
Cu 36: iu ch Fe(NO3)2 ta c th dng phn ng no sau y ?
A. Fe + HNO3. B. Dung dch Fe(NO3)3 + Fe.
C. FeO + HNO3. D. FeS + HNO3.
Cu 37: trnh s thu phn ca mui Fe ngi ta cho vo dung dch mui Fe3+
3+
A. mt vi git dung dch NaOH. B. mt vi git dung dch HCl.

C. mt vi git H2O. D. mt mu Fe.
Cu 38: Khi thm dung dch Na2CO3 vo dung dch FeCl3 s c hin tng g xy ra ?
A. Xut hin kt ta mu nu v xy ra hin tng thy phn.
B. Dung dch vn c mu nu .
C. Xut hin kt ta mu nu ng thi c hin tng si bt kh.
D. C kt ta nu to thnh sau tan li do to kh CO2.
Cu 39: Trong cc kim loi di y c bao nhiu kim loi c th kh Fe3+ trong dung dch thnh
kim loi: Zn, Na, Cu, Al, Fe, Ca, Mg ?
A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 6.
Cu 40: Phn ng no chng minh hp cht Fe(III) c tnh oxi ha ?
o
A. 2Fe(OH)3 t Fe2O3 + 3H2O.
B. FeCl3 + 3AgNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + 3AgCl.
C. Fe2O3 + 6HNO3 2Fe(NO3)3 + 3H2O.
D. Fe2O3 + CO Fe + CO2.
Cu 41: Phn ng no sau y FeCl3 khng th hin tnh oxi ho ?
A. 2FeCl3 + Cu 2FeCl2 + CuCl2
B. 2FeCl3 + 2KI 2FeCl2 + 2KCl + I2
C. 2FeCl3 + H2S 2FeCl2 + 2HCl + S
D. 2FeCl3 + 3NaOH Fe(OH)3 + 3NaCl
Cu 42: Hn hp A cha 3 kim loi Fe, Ag v Cu dng bt. Cho hn hp A vo dung dch B ch
cha mt cht tan v khuy k cho n khi kt thc phn ng th thy Fe v Cu tan ht v cn li
lng Ag ng bng lng Ag trong A. Dung dch B cha cht no sau y ?
A. AgNO3. B. FeSO4. C. Fe2(SO4)3. D. Cu(NO3)2.
Cu 43: Cho a mol bt km vo dung dch c ha tan b mol Fe(NO3)3. Tm iu kin lin h gia a
v b sau khi kt thc phn ng khng c kim loi.
A. a 2b. B. b > 3a. C. b 2a. D. b = 2a/3.
Cu 44: Cho hn hp bt Fe, Cu vo dung dch HNO3 long, phn ng kt thc thy c bt Fe cn
d. Dung dch thu c sau phn ng c cha :
A. Fe(NO3)3, Cu(NO3)2. B. Fe(NO3)3, HNO3, Cu(NO3)2.
C. Fe(NO3)2. D. Fe(NO3)2, Fe(NO3)3, Cu(NO3)2.
Cu 45: Khi ho tan hn hp hai kim loi Cu v Fe vo dung dch HNO3 long th thu c kh
mu nu v dung dch A. Sau phn ng thy vn cn d kim loi Cu. Vy trong dung dch A c
cc loi ion dng A l :
A. Fe3+ v Cu2+. B. Fe2+, Fe3+, Cu2+. C. Fe3+, Fe2+. D. Fe2+, v Cu2+.
Cu 46: Cho cc cht : Fe, Cu, KCl, KI, H2S. Dung dch mui st(III) oxi ha c cc cht no ?
A. Fe, Cu, KCl, KI. B. Fe, Cu. C. Fe, Cu, KI, H2S. D. Fe, Cu, KI.
Cu 47: Cho cc cht rn: Al, Fe, Cu, I2; cht kh: Cl2, H2S; dung dch: Br2, NH3, NaCO3, NaOH,
HNO3, KMnO4/H+, AgNO3, HCl, K2Cr2O7/H+.
a. C my cht tc dng c vi dung dch FeCl3 ?
A. 10. B. 7. C. 11. D. 9.
b. Trong c my phn ng oxi ha kh ?
A. 5. B. 6. C. 4. D. 3.
Cu 48: Khng th iu ch trc tip FeCl3 trong phng th nghim bng cch thc hin phn ng.
A. Fe + Cl2. C. FeCl2 + Cl2. B. Fe + HCl. D. Fe2O3 + HCl.
Cu 49: Phn ng no sau y to ra c Fe(NO3)3 ?
A. Fe + HNO3 c, ngui. B. Fe + Cu(NO3)2.
C. Fe(NO3)2 + Cl2. D. Fe + Fe(NO3)2.
Cu 50: Cho cc dung dch mui sau : Na2CO3, Ba(NO3)2, Fe2(SO4)3. Dung dch mui no lm cho qu
tm ha thnh mu , xanh, tm ?
A. Na2CO3 (xanh), Ba(NO3)2 (), Fe2(SO4)3 (tm).
B. Na2CO3 (xanh), Ba(NO3)2 (tm), Fe2(SO4)3 ().
C. Na2CO3 (tm), Ba(NO3)2 (xanh), Fe2(SO4)3 ().
D. Na2CO3 (tm), Ba(NO3)2 (), Fe2(SO4)3 (xanh).
Cu 51: Hn hp A gm Fe3O4; Al; Al2O3; Fe. Cho A tan trong NaOH d c hn hp cht rn
A1 dung dch B1 v kh C1. Kh C1 (d) cho tc dng vi A nung nng c hn hp cht rn A2.
Cc cht c trong A1; B1; C1; A2 l :
A. (A1: Fe3O4; Fe); (B1: NaAlO2); (C1: H2); (A2: Fe; Al; Al2O3).
B. (A1: Fe3O4; Fe); (B1: NaAlO2; NaOH d); (C1: H2); (A2: Fe; Al; Al2O3).
C. (A1: Fe3O4; Fe); (B1: NaAlO2; NaOH d); (C1: H2); (A2: Fe; Al).
D. (A1: Fe3O4; Fe); (B1: NaAlO2; NaOH d); (C1: H2); (A2: Fe; Al2O3).
Cu 52: C cc dung dch mui ring bit : Cu(NO3)2, Zn(NO3)2, AgNO3, Fe(NO3)2, Fe(NO3)3,
Cr(NO3)3, Al(NO3)3. Nu thm dung dch KOH (d) ri thm tip dung dch NH3 (d) vo 4
dungdch trn th s cht kt ta thu c l :
A. 4. B. 1. C. 3. D. 2.
Cu 53: Cc cht trong dy no sau y va c tnh oxi ha va c tnh kh ?
A. CrO3, FeO, CrCl3, Cu2O. B. Fe2O3, Cu2O, CrO, FeCl2.
C. Fe2O3, Cu2O, Cr2O3, FeCl2. D. Fe3O4, Cu2O, CrO, FeCl2.

Cu 54: Cho cc phn ng :

(1) FeS + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2S (3) 2FeCl3 + Fe 3FeCl2
(2) Fe + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2 (4) 2Fe + 3Cl2 2FeCl3
Trong cc phn ng trn, c bao nhiu phn ng oxi ha - kh ?
A. 1. B. 21. C. 3. D. 4.
Cu 55: Tin hnh bn th nghim sau :
- Th nghim 1 : Nhng thanh Al vo dung dch FeCl3.
- Th nghim 2 : Nhng thanh Zn vo dung dch CuSO4.
- Th nghim 3 : Nhng thanh Cu vo dung dch FeCl3.
- Th nghim 4 : Cho thanh Fe tip xc vi thanh Cu ri nhng vo dung dch HCl.
S trng hp xut hin n mn in ho l :
A. 1. B. 2. C. 4. D. 3.
Cu 56: Cho dy cc cht : FeO, Fe(OH)2, FeSO4, Fe2(SO4)3, Fe3O4 , Fe2O3. S cht trong dy tc
dng c vi dung dch HNO3 c, nng l :
A. 3 B. 5. C. 4 D. 6.
Cu 57: Cho tng cht : Fe, FeO, Fe(OH)2, Fe(OH)3, Fe3O4, Fe2O3, Fe(NO3)2, Fe(NO3)3, FeSO4,
Fe2(SO4)3, FeCO3 ln lt phn ng vi HNO3 c, nng. S phn ng ha hc thuc loi phn ng oxi
ho - kh l :
A. 8. B. 5. C. 7. D. 6.
Cu 58: t nng mt t bt st trong bnh ng kh oxi. Sau ngui v cho vo bnh mt
lng dung dch HCl d ha tan ht cht rn. Dung dch thu c c cha nhng cht g ?
A. FeCl2 v HCl. B. FeCl3 v HCl.
C. FeCl2, FeCl3 v HCl. D. FeCl2 v FeCl3.
Cu 59: Hn hp rn X gm Al, Fe2O3 v Cu c s mol bng nhau. Hn hp X tan hon ton trong
dung dch
A. NaOH (d). B. HCl (d). C. AgNO3 (d). D. NH3 (d).
Cu 60: Ha tan hon ton Fe3O4 trong dung dch H2SO4 long (d) c dung dch X1. Cho lng
d bt Fe vo dung dch X1 (trong iu kin khng c khng kh) n khi phn ng xy ra hon
ton, thu c dung dch X2 cha cht tan
A. Fe2(SO4)3 v H2SO4. B. FeSO4.
C. Fe2(SO4)3. D. FeSO4 v H2SO4.
Cu 61: Ha tan mt lng FexOy bng H2SO4 long d c dung dch A. Bit A va c kh nng
lm mt mu dung dch thuc tm, va c kh nng ha tan c bt Cu. CTPT ca oxit st l:
A. FeO. B. Fe2O3. C. Fe3O4. D. FeO hoc Fe2O3.
Cu 62: Ho tan oxit st t vo dung dch H2SO4 long d thu c dung dch X. Trong cc pht
biu sau, pht biu sai l :
A. Dung dch X lm mt mu thuc tm.
B. Dung dch X khng th ho tan Cu.
C. Cho NaOH d vo dung dch X, thu kt ta lu trong khng kh kt ta s tng khi
lng.
D. Dung dch X tc dng vi dung dch Ag2SO4.

Cu 63*: Ha tan hon ton Fe3O4 trong H2SO4 long, d thu c dung dch X. Cho dung dch X
ln lt phn ng vi cc cht: Cu, Ag, dung dch : KMnO4, Na2CO3, AgNO3, KNO3, KI, Na2S,
NaOH. S trng hp c phn ng xy ra vi dung dch X l :
A. 6. B. 7. C. 8. D. 9.
Cu 64: Cho s chuyn ha :
FeaOb + dung dch HI (d) X + Y + H2O
a. Bit X v Y l sn phm cui cng ca qu trnh chuyn ha. Cc cht X v Y l :
A. Fe v I2. B. FeI3 v FeI2. C. FeI2 v I2. D. FeI3 v I2.
b. C my loi oxit FeaOb tha mn tnh cht trn ?
A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4.
Cu 65: Trong cc s phn ng ho hc sau y, c bao nhiu s sai ?
(1) Fe3O4 + HCl FeCl2 + FeCl3 + H2O
(2) Fe(OH)3 + H2SO4 c, nng Fe2(SO4)3 + SO2 + H2O
(3) FeO + HNO3 long Fe(NO3)3 + NO + H2O
(4) FeCl2 + HNO3 long Fe(NO3)3 + HCl + NO + H2O
(5) Al + HNO3 long Al(NO3)3 + H2
(6) FeO + H2SO4 c, ngui Fe2(SO4)3 + SO2 + H2O
A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4.
Cu 66: Cho cc phng trnh phn ng ho hc :
(1) 4Fe(OH)2 + O2 + 2H2O 4Fe(OH)3
(2) Fe2O3 + 6HCl 2FeCl3 + 3H2O
(3) 2FeCl3 + Fe 3FeCl2.
(4) 2FeCl2 + Cl2 2FeCl3
o
(5) Fe(OH)2 t
FeO + H2O
o
(6) Fe2O3 + CO t
2FeO + CO2
o
(7) 2FeCl3 + Cu t 2FeCl2 + CuCl2
(8) 3FeO + 10HNO3 3Fe(NO3)3 + 5H2O + NO.
C bao nhiu phn ng st(II) b oxi ha thnh st(III) v bao nhiu phn ng st(III) b kh thnh
st(II)?
A. 4 v 4. B. 4 v 3. C. 3 v 3. D. 3 v 4.
Cu 67: Cho cc phn ng xy ra sau y :
(2) Mn + 2HCl MnCl2 + H2
Dy cc ion c sp xp theo chiu tng dn tnh oxi ho l :
A. Mn2+, H+, Fe3+, Ag+. B. Ag+, Fe3+, H+, Mn2+.
C. Ag+ , Mn2+, H+, Fe3+. D. Mn2+, H+, Ag+, Fe3+.
Cu 68: Cho cc phn ng sau :
(1) Fe + 2Fe(NO3)3 3Fe(NO3)2
Dy sp xp theo th t tng dn tnh oxi ha cc ion kim loi l :
A. Ag+, Fe2+, Fe3+. B. Fe2+, Fe3+, Ag+. C. Fe2+, Ag+, Fe3+. D. Ag+, Fe3+, Fe2+.

Cu 69: Cho bit cc phn ng xy ra sau :

(1) 2FeBr2 + Br2 2FeBr3
(2) 2NaBr + Cl2 2NaCl + Br2
Pht biu ng l :
A. Tnh kh ca Cl- mnh hn ca Br-. B. Tnh oxi ha ca Br2 mnh hn ca Cl2.
- 2+
C. Tnh kh ca Br mnh hn ca Fe . D. Tnh oxi ha ca Cl2 mnh hn ca Fe3+.
Cu 70: Hai kim loi X, Y v cc dung dch mui clorua ca chng c cc phn ng ha hc sau:
(1) X + 2YCl3 XCl2 + 2YCl2
(2) Y + XCl2 YCl2 + X.
Pht biu ng l :
A. Ion Y2+ c tnh oxi ha mnh hn ion X2+.
B. Kim loi X c tnh kh mnh hn kim loi Y.
C. Kim loi X kh c ion Y2+.
D. Ion Y3+ c tnh oxi ha mnh hn ion X2+.
Cu 71: Mui Fe2+ lm mt mu dung dch KMnO4 trong mi trng axit to ra ion Fe3+. Cn ion
Fe3+ tc dng vi I- to ra I2 v Fe2+. Sp xp cc cht oxi ho Fe3+, I2 v MnO4- theo th t mnh
dn ?
A. Fe3+ < I2 < MnO4- . B. I2 < MnO4- < Fe3+.
C. I2 < MnO4- < Fe3+. D. MnO4- < Fe3+ < I2.
Cu 72: Trong cc nhn nh sau y, c my nhn nh ng ?
(1) Cu c th tan trong dung dch Fe2(SO4)3.
(2) Hn hp gm Cu, Fe2O3 Fe3O4 trong s mol Cu bng tng s mol Fe2O3 v Fe3O4 c th
tan ht trong dung dch HCl d.
(3) Dung dch AgNO3 khng tc dng c vi dung dch Fe(NO3)2.
(4) Cp oxi ha kh MnO4-/Mn2+ c th in cc ln hn cp Fe3+/Fe2+.
A. (1), (2), (3), (4). B. (1), (2), (4). C. (1), (2). D. (1), (3).
Cu 73: Cho cc kim loi: Fe, Cu, Al, Ni v cc dung dch: HCl, FeCl2, FeCl3, AgNO3. Cho tng
kim loi vo tng dung dch, c bao nhiu trng hp xy ra phn ng ?
A.16. B. 10. C. 12. D. 9.
Cu 74*: Cho cc cht Cu, Fe, Ag v cc dung dch HCl, CuSO4, Fe(NO3)2, FeCl3. S cp cht c
phn ng vi nhau l :
A. 5. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4.
Cu 75*: Cho ba kim loi Al, Fe, Cu v su dung dch mui ring bit l Ni(NO3)2, AgNO3,
Cu(NO3)2, Zn(NO3)2, Fe(NO3)2, Fe(NO3)3. Cho cc cht phn ng vi nhau theo tng cp, s phn
ng xy ra l :
A. 11. B. 12. C. 13. D. 14.
Cu 76: Cht X tham gia phn ng theo s sau :
X + HNO3 long, d Fe(NO3)3 + H2SO4 + NO + H2O
C bao nhiu cht X tha mn tnh cht trn ?
A. 2. B. 4. C. 3. D. 6.

Cu 77*: Cht X tham gia phn ng theo s sau :

X + HNO3 c, nng Fe(NO3)3 + NO2 + H2O
C bao nhiu cht X tha mn tnh cht trn ?
A. 3. B. 4. C. 5. D. 6.
Cu 78: Hin tng no di y c m t khng ng?
A. Thm NaOH vo dung dch FeCl3 mu vng nu thy xut hin kt ta nu.
B. Thm mt t bt Fe vo lng d dung dch AgNO3 thy xut hin dung dch mu xanh
nht.
C. Thm Fe(OH)3 mu nu vo dung dch H2SO4 thy hnh thnh dung dch mu vng
nu.
D. Thm Cu vo dung dch Fe(NO3)3 thy dung dch chuyn t mu vng nu sang mu
xanh.
Cu 79: Tin hnh cc th nghim : Ln lt t nng FeS2, FeCO3, Fe(OH)2, Fe(NO3)3 trong
khng kh n khi lng khng i. Mt s hc sinh nu nhn xt :
(1) Sn phm rn ca cc th nghim u ging nhau.
(2) Cc th nghim to mt sn phm kh hoc hi khc nhau.
(3) Cng s mol cht tham gia phn ng th cht c gim khi lng nhiu nht l Fe(NO3)3.
(4) Nu ly mi cht ban u l mt mol th tng s mol kh v hi thot ra cc th nghim l
8 mol.
S nhn xt ng s nhn xt sai tng ng l :
A. 1 v 3. B. 2 v 2. C. 3 v 1. D. 4 v 0.
Cu 80: Cho hn hp X gm Zn, Fe vo dung dch cha AgNO3 v Cu(NO3)2, sau phn ng thu
c hn hp Y gm 2 kim loi v dung dch Z. Cho NaOH d vo dung dch Z thu c kt ta
gm hai hiroxit kim loi. Dung dch Z cha
A. Zn(NO3)2, AgNO3, Fe(NO3)3. B. Zn(NO3)2, Fe(NO3)2.
C. Zn(NO3)2, Fe(NO3)2, Cu(NO3)2. D. Zn(NO3)2, Cu(NO3)2, Fe(NO3)3.
Cu 81: Lc m gam bt Fe vi dung dch A gm AgNO3 v Cu(NO3)2 khi phn ng kt thc thu
c cht rn B v dung dch C, cho C tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d thu c 2 hiroxit kim
loi. Vy 2 hiroxit l :
A. AgOH v Cu(OH)2. B. Fe(OH)2 v Cu(OH)2.
C. Fe(OH)3 v Cu(OH)2. D. Fe(OH)2 hoc Fe(OH)3 v Cu(OH)2.
Cu 82*: Dung dch A cha hn hp AgNO3 v Cu(NO3)2. Cho bt Fe vo A, sau khi phn ng
xong lc tch c dung dch A1 v cht rn B1. Cho tip mt lng Mg vo A1, kt thc phn ng,
lc tch kt ta thu c dung dch A2 v cht rn B2 gm 2 kim loi. Cho B2 vo dung dch HCl
thy khng c hin tng g. Dung dch A2 tc dng vi xt d thu c 3 hiroxit kt ta. Cho bit
thnh phn ca B1, B2, A1, A2 tng ng l :
A. Ag ; (Cu, Ag); (Fe2+, Cu2+, Ag+ ); (Fe2+, Mg2+, Cu2+).
B. Ag ; (Cu, Ag) ; (Fe3+, Cu2+, Ag+) ; (Fe2+, Mg2+, Cu2+).
C. (Ag, Fe) ; (Cu, Ag) ; (Fe2+, Cu2+) ; (Fe2+, Mg2+, Cu2+).
D. Ag; (Cu, Ag) ; (Fe2+, Cu2+) ; (Fe2+, Mg2+, Cu2+).
Cu 83: Cho s chuyn ho (mi mi tn l mt phng trnh phn ng) :
+ dd X + dd Y + dd Z
NaOH Fe(OH)2 Fe2(SO4)3 BaSO4
A. FeCl3, H2SO4 (c, nng), Ba(NO3)2. B. FeCl3, H2SO4 (c, nng), BaCl2.
C. FeCl2, H2SO4 (c, nng), BaCl2. D. FeCl2, H2SO4 (long), Ba(NO3)2.

Cu 84: S phn ng no sau y ng (mi mi tn l mt phn ng) ?

A. FeS2 Fe(OH)3 Fe(OH)2 Fe(OH)3 Fe2O3 Fe.
B. FeS2 FeO FeSO4 Fe(OH)2 FeO Fe.
C. FeS2 Fe2O3 FeCl3 Fe(OH)3 Fe2O3 Fe.
D. FeS2 Fe2O3 Fe(NO3)3 Fe(NO3)2 Fe(OH)2 Fe.
Cu 85: Cho bit cc cht sau u c mt trong qu trnh iu ch Fe3O4 t FeO: FeO (1);
Fe(NO3)2 (2); Fe(NO3)3 (3); Fe3O4 (4), Fe (5). Hy chn s thch hp:
A. (1) (2) (3) (5) (4). B. (1) (3) (2) (5) (4).
C. (1) (5) (2) (3) (4). D. (1) (3) (5) (2) (4).
o
t cao
(1) Fe + O2 (A) (4) (C) + NaOH (E) + (G)
(2) (A) + HCl (B) + (C) + H2O (5) (D) + ? + ? (E)
o
t
(3) (B) + NaOH (D) + (G) (6) (E) (F) + ?
Th t cc cht (A), (D), (F) ln lt l :
A. Fe2O3, Fe(OH)3, Fe2O3. B. Fe3O4, Fe(OH)3, Fe2O3.
C. Fe3O4, Fe(OH)2, Fe2O3. D. Fe2O3, Fe(OH)2, Fe2O3.
Cu 87: C th dng mt ho cht phn bit Fe2O3 v Fe3O4. Ho cht ny l :
A. dd HCl long. B. dd HCl c. C. dd H2SO4 long. D. dd HNO3 long.
Cu 88: C 3 mu cht rn c nhum ng mu: Fe; FeO; Fe2O3. Dung dch no sau y c
th dng nhn bit ng thi 3 cht ny ?
A. HCl. B. H2SO4 c. C. HNO3 long. D. Tt c u ng.
Cu 89: C ba l ng hn hp Fe v FeO; Fe v Fe2O3 v FeO v Fe2O3. Thuc th c th phn
bit ba hn hp ny l :
A. Dung dch HCl v dung dch NaOH.
B. Dung dch H2SO4 m c v dung dch NaOH.
C. Dung dch HNO3 m c v dung dch NaOH.
D. Dung dch NaOH v dung dch HNO3 long.
Cu 90: C 4 kim loi ring bit: Al, Ag, Mg, Fe. Ch dng 2 thuc th c th phn bit c
tng cht:
A. Dung dch NaOH; phenolphtalein. B. Dung dch NaOH, dung dch HCl.
C. Dung dch HCl, giy qu xanh. D. Dung dch HCl, Dung dch AgNO3.
Cu 91: phn bit cc kim loi Al, Fe, Zn, Ag, Mg. Ngi ta dng thuc th no sau y:
A. dd HCl v dd NaOH. B. dd HNO3 v dd NaOH.
C. dd HCl v dd NH3. D. dd HNO3 v dd NH3.
Cu 92: Trong iu kin khng c khng kh, st chy trong kh clo cho ra hp cht A. C th nhn
bit thnh phn v ho tr cc nguyn t trong A bng cc trnh t :
A. Dng nc; dng dung dch AgNO3 v dung dch NaOH.
B. Dng dung dch HCl; Dng dung dch NaOH.
C. Dng dung dch HCl; Dng dung dch AgNO3.
D. Dng dung dch HNO3; Dng dung dch H2SO4 long.
Cu 93: Thuc th no sau y c dng nhn bit cc dung dch mui NH4Cl, FeCl2, FeCl3,
MgCl2, AlCl3 ?
A. dd H2SO4. B. dd HCl. C. dd NaOH. D. dd NaCl.
Cu 94: Cho cc thuc th sau : dd KMnO4, dd KOH, dd AgNO3, Fe, Cu. S thuc th c th dng
nhn bit ion Fe2+ , Fe3+ l :
A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5.
Cu 95: Hn hp bt gm Fe, Cu, Ag, Al ho cht duy nht dng tch Ag sao cho khi lng
khng i l :
A. AgNO3. B. Fe(NO3)2. C. Fe(NO3)3. D. HNO3 long.
Cu 96: Cho cc cht : (1) Qung st; (2) Qung Cromit; (3) Qung Boxit; (4) Than cc; (5) Than
; (6) CaCO3; (7) SiO2. C bao nhiu cht l nguyn liu dng luyn gang ?
A. 3. B. 5. C. 4. D. 6.
Cu 97: Trong l cao, st oxit c th b kh theo 3 phn ng
o
t
3Fe2O3 + CO 2Fe3O4 + CO2 (1)
o
t
Fe3O4 + CO 3FeO + CO2 (2)
o
t
FeO + CO Fe + CO2 (3)
o
nhit khong 700 - 800 C, th c th xy ra phn ng
A. (1). B. (2). C. (3). D. c (1), (2) v (3)
o
t
Cu 98: Cho phn ng : Fe3O4 + CO 3FeO + CO2
Trong qu trnh sn xut gang, phn ng xy ra v tr no ca l ?
A. Ming l. B. Thn l. C. Bng l. D. Phu l.
Cu 99: Phn ng to x trong l cao l :
o o
t t
A. CaCO3 CaO + CO2. B. CaO + SiO2 CaSiO3.
o o
t t
C. CaO + CO2 CaCO3. D. CaSiO3 CaO + SiO2.
Cu 100: Chn 1 s ng nu c nguyn tc sn xut gang theo nguyn tc dng CO kh oxit
st to cao:
A. Fe3O4 FeO Fe2O3 Fe. B. FeO Fe3O4 Fe2O3 Fe.
C. Fe2O3 FeO Fe3O4 Fe. D. Fe2O3 Fe3O4 FeO Fe.
Cu 101: Gang v thp u l hp kim ca st, cacbon v mt s nguyn t khc. Hm lng phn
trm ca cacbon trong gang v thp ln lt l :
A. 2 - 5% v 6 - 10%. B. 2 - 5% v 0,01% - 2%.
C. 2 - 5% v 1% - 3%. D. 2 - 5% v 1% - 2%.
Cu 102: Nguyn tc luyn thp t gang l :
A. Dng O2 oxi ho cc tp cht Si, P, S, Mn, trong gang thu c thp.
B. Dng cht kh CO kh oxit st thnh st nhit cao.
C. Dng CaO hoc CaCO3 kh tp cht Si, P, S, Mn, trong gang thu c thp.
D. Tng thm hm lng cacbon trong gang thu c thp.
Cu 103: Hin nay thp c sn xut nhiu nht theo phng php no ?
A. Phng php Betxmen (l thi Oxi). C. Phng php Mactanh (l bng).
B. Phng php l in. D. Phng php Mactanh v l in.
Cu 104: Trong sn xut gang, ngi ta dng mt loi than va c vai tr l nhiu liu cung cp
nhit cho l cao, va to ra cht kh CO, va to thnh phn t 2-5% C trong gang. Loi than l:
A. than non. B. Than . C. Than g. D. Than cc.

Cu 105: Trong qu trnh luyn gang thnh thp, vai tr ca oxi l :

A. Oxi ho Fe thnh Fe2+, Fe3+.
B. Oxi ho C, S , Si , P to thnh cc oxit.
C. ng vai tr t chy nhin liu.
D. C A, B, C.
Cu 106: Phn ng no sau y c th xy ra c hai qu trnh luyn gang v luyn thp.
o o
A. FeO + CO t
Fe + CO2. C. SiO2 + CaO t
CaSiO3.
o o
B. FeO + Mn t Fe + MnO. D. S + O2 t SO2.
Cu 107: Cho 1 gam bt Fe tip xc vi oxi mt thi gian thu c 1,24 gam hn hp Fe2O3 v Fe
d. Lng st d l :
Cu 108: t chy hon ton 16,8 gam Fe trong kh O2 cn va 4,48 lt O2 (ktc) to thnh mt
oxit st. Cng thc phn t ca oxit l cng thc no sau y ?
A. FeO . B. Fe2O3. C. Fe3O4. D. FeO hoc Fe3O4.
Cu 109: Cho st tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long thu c V lt kh H2 (ktc), dung dch thu
c cho bay hi c tinh th FeSO4.7H2O c khi lng l 55,6 gam. Th tch kh H2 (ktc)
c gii phng l :
A. 8,19 lt. B. 7,33 lt . C. 4,48 lt. D. 6,23 lt.
Cu 110: Cho 13,5 gam hn hp cc kim loi Al, Cr, Fe tc dng vi lng d dung dch H2SO4
long nng (trong iu kin khng c khng kh), thu c dung dch X v 7,84 lt kh H2 ( ktc).
C cn dung dch X (trong iu kin khng c khng kh) c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 42,6. B. 45,5. C. 48,8. D. 47,1.
Cu 111: Mt hn hp X gm Fe v Zn khi tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d cho ra 3,136 lt kh
(ktc) v li mt cht rn A. Ho tan ht A trong dung dch H2SO4 long, sau thm NaOH d
c kt ta B. Nung B ngoi khng kh n khi lng khng i c cht rn nng 12,8 gam.
Khi lng ca hn hp X l :
Cu 112: Nung nng 11,2 gam Fe v 26 gam Zn vi mt lng S d. Sn phm ca phn ng cho
tan hon ton trong dung dch H2SO4 long, ton b kh sinh ra c dn vo dung dch CuSO4
10% (d = 1,2 g/ml). Bit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Th tch ti thiu ca dung dch CuSO4 cn
hp th ht kh sinh ra l :
A. 700 ml. B. 800 ml. C. 600 ml. D. 500 ml.
Cu 113: Ha tan 10 gam hn hp bt Fe v Fe2O3 bng dung dch HCl thu c 1,12 lt kh (ktc)
v dung dch A (Gi s ch xy ra phn ng ca Fe v Fe2O3 vi dung dch HCl). Cho A tc dng
vi NaOH d, thu c kt ta. Nung kt ta trong khng kh n khi lng khng i c cht
rn c khi lng l :
Cu 114: Cho hn hp gm 0,3 mol Fe, 0,15 mol Fe2O3 v 0,1 mol Fe3O4 tc dng ht vi dung
dch H2SO4 long thu c dung dch A. Cho dung dch A tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d, lc
kt ta em nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c m gam cht rn C. Gi tr ca
m l :
A. 70. B. 72. C. 65. D. 75.
Cu 115: Cho 7,28 gam kim loi M tc ht vi dung dch HCl, sau phn ng thu c 2,912 lt kh
27,3 C v 1,1 atm. M l kim loi no sau y ?
A. Zn. B. Ca. C. Mg. D. Fe.

Cu 116: Cho 2,52 gam mt kim loi tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long to ra 6,84 gam mui
sunfat. Kim loi l :
A. Mg. B. Fe. C. Ca. D. Al.
Cu 117: Cho m gam Fe vo dung dch HNO3 ly d ta thu c 4,48 lt (ktc) hn hp kh X gm
2 kh NO v NO2 c t khi hi ca Y i vi O2 l 1,3125. Khi lng m l :
Cu 118: Ho tan 2,64 gam hn hp Fe v Mg bng dung dch HNO3 long, d, thu c sn phm
kh l 0,896 lt ( ktc) hn hp kh gm NO v N2, c t khi so vi H2 bng 14,75. Thnh phn %
theo khi lng ca st trong hn hp ban u l :
A. 61,80%. B. 61,82%. C. 38,18%. D. 38,20%.
Cu 119: Cho 27,5 gam hn hp Al, Fe, Cu tan ht trong dung dch HNO3 thu c 8,96 lt kh NO
(kc) v dung dch A. C cn A th thu c khi lng mui l :
A. 101 gam. B. 109,1 gam. C. 101,9 gam. D. 102 gam.
Cu 120: Ho tan 10,71 gam hn hp nhm, km, st trong 4 lt HNO3 x mol/lt va thu c
dung dch A v 1,792 lt hn hp kh gm N2 v N2O c t l mol 1:1 (khng c cc sn phm kh
khc). C cn dung dch A thu c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca x v m tng ng l :
A. 0,11M v 25,7 gam. B. 0,22M v 55,35 gam.
C. 0,11M v 27,67 gam. D. 0,33M v 5,35gam.
Cu 121: Mt oxit kim loi MxOy trong M chim 72,41% v khi lng. Kh hon ton oxit
ny bng CO, thu c 16,8 gam M. Ha tan hon ton lng M ny bng HNO3 c nng thu
c 1 mui v x mol NO2. Gi tr x l :
A. 0,45 B. 0,6 C. 0,75 D. 0,9
Cu 122: Cho 5,5 gam hn hp bt Fe, Mg, Al vo dung dch AgNO3 d thu c x gam cht rn.
Cho NH3 d vo dung dch sau phn ng, lc ly kt ta nhit phn khng c khng kh c 9,1
gam cht rn Y. x c gi tr l :
Cu 123: Cho m gam hn hp bt Zn v Fe vo lng d dung dch CuSO4. Sau khi kt thc cc
phn ng, lc b phn dung dch thu c m gam bt rn. Thnh phn phn trm theo khi lng
ca Zn trong hn hp bt ban u l :
A. 90,27%. B. 85,30%. C. 82,20%. D. 12,67%.
Cu 124: Tin hnh 2 th nghim sau :
- Th nghim 1: Cho m gam bt st (d) vo V1 lt dung dch Cu(NO3)2 1M.
- Th nghim 2: Cho m gam bt st (d) vo V2 lt dung dch AgNO3 0,1M. Sau khi cc th
nghim u xy ra hon ton, khi lng cht rn thu c 2 th nghim u bng nhau. Gi tr
ca V1 so vi V2 l :
A. V1 = 10V2. B. V1 = 5V2. C. V1 = 2V2. D. V1 = V2.
Cu 125: Cho 2,7 gam hn hp bt X gm Fe v Zn tc dng vi dung dch CuSO4. Sau mt thi
A. 58,52%. B. 51,85%. C. 48,15%. D. 41,48%.
Cu 126: Cho 4,58 gam hn hp A gm Zn, Fe v Cu vo cc ng dung dch cha 0,082 mol
CuSO4. Sau phn ng thu c dung dch B v cht rn D. Cht rn D c cc cht :
A. Cu, Zn. B. Cu, Fe. C. Cu, Fe, Zn. D. Cu.

Cu 127: Cho hn hp bt gm 5,4 gam Al v 5,6 gam Fe vo 650 ml dung dch AgNO3 1M. Sau
khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l :
A. 74,4. B. 64,8. C. 59,4. D. 54,0.
Cu 128: Cho hn hp bt gm 9,6 gam Cu v 2,8 gam Fe vo 550 ml dung dch AgNO3 1M. Sau
khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l (bit th t trong dy
th in ho: Fe3+/Fe2+ ng trc Ag+/Ag) :
A. 59,9. B. 48,6. C. 32,4. D. 43,2.
Cu 129: Cho 1,152 gam hn hp Fe, Mg tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 d. Sau phn ng thu
c 8,208 gam kim loi. Vy % khi lng ca Mg trong hn hp u l :
A. 63,542%. B. 41,667%. C. 72,92%. D. 62,50%.
Cu 130: Cho 10,8 gam hn hp A gm Mg v Fe tc dng vi 500 ml dung dch AgNO3 sau khi
phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c dung dch B v 46 gam cht rn D. Cho dung dch B tc dng
vi dung dch NaOH d sau nung kt ta ngoi khng kh n khi lng khng i th c 12
gam cht rn E. Nng mol/l ca dung dch AgNO3 l :
A. 0,5. B. 0,8. C. 1. D. 1,25.
Cu 131: Cho m gam bt Fe tc dng vi 175 gam dung dch AgNO3 34% sau phn ng thu c
dung dch X ch cha 2 mui st v 4,5m gam cht rn. Xc nh nng % ca mui Fe(NO3)2
trong dung dch X ?
A. 9,81%. B. 12,36%. C. 10,84%. D. 15,6%.
Cu 132: Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, th nghim no thu c lng Ag ln nht ?
A. Cho 8,4 gam bt Fe tc dng vi 400 ml dung dch AgNO3 1M.
B. Cho hn hp gm 6,5 gam bt Zn v 2,8 gam bt Fe tc dng vi 400 ml dung dch
AgNO3 1M.
C. Nhit phn 38,32 gam hn hp AgNO3 v Ag theo t l s mol tng ng l 5 : 1.
D. Cho 5,4 gam bt Al tc dng vi 420 ml dung dch AgNO31M.
Cu 133: Cho 13,5 gam hn hp A gm Fe v Zn vo 200 ml dung dch Z cha CuCl2 v FeCl3.
Phn ng xong thu c cht rn B nguyn cht v dung dch C. Cho C tc dng vi dung dch
NaOH d thu c kt ta D v dung dch E. Sc CO2 n d vo dung dch E, lc kt ta em
nung n khi lng khng i thu c 8,1 gam cht rn. Thnh phn % theo khi lng ca Fe
v Zn trong A ln lt l :
A. 50,85 ; 49,15. B. 30,85 ; 69,15. C. 51,85 ; 48,15. D. 49,85 ; 50,15.
Cu 134: Ha tan hon ton 17,4 gam hn hp 3 kim loi Al, Fe, Mg trong dung dch HCl thy
thot ra 13,44 lt kh H2 (ktc). Cn nu cho 34,8 gam hn hp tc dng vi dung dch CuSO4
d, cht rn thu c sau phn ng tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 th thu c bao nhiu lt kh NO
(l sn phm kh duy nht) ktc ?
A. 4,48 lt. B. 3,36 lt. C. 8,96 lt. D. 17,92 lt.
Cu 135: Trn 5,6 gam bt st vi 3,2 gam bt lu hunh ri nung nng trong iu kin khng c
khng kh, thu c hn hp rn Y. Cho Y tc dng vi lng d dung dch HCl, gii phng hn
hp kh Z v cn li mt phn khng tan G. t chy hon ton Z v G cn va V lt O2 (
ktc). Gi tr ca V l :
A. 2,8. B. 3,36. C. 3,08. D. 4,48.
Cu 136: Cho m gam Fe vo dung dch cha 0,1 mol AgNO3 v 0,15 mol Cu(NO3)2. Khi phn ng
kt thc c cht rn B. Ho tan B vo dung dch HCl d thu c 0,03 mol H2. Gi tr ca m l :
A. 18,28 gam. B. 12,78 gam. C. 12,58. D. 12,88.

Cu 137: Cho m gam bt Fe vo trong 200 ml dung dch Cu(NO3)2 x(M) v AgNO3 0,5M thu c
dung dch A v 40,4 gam cht rn X. Ha tan ht cht rn X bng dung dch HCl d thu c 6,72
lt H2 (ktc). x c gi tr l :
A. 0,8. B. 1,0. C. 1,2. D. 0,7.
Cu 138: Cho hn hp X (dng bt) gm 0,01 mol Al v 0,025 mol Fe tc dng vi 400 ml dung
dch hn hp Cu(NO3)2 0,05M v AgNO3 0,125M. Kt thc phn ng, lc kt ta cho nc lc tc
dng vi dung dch NaOH d thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l :
Cu 139: Ha tan ht 32,9 gam hn hp X gm Mg, Al, Zn, Fe trong dung dch HCl d sau phn
ng thu c 17,92 lt H2 (kc). Mt khc nu t ht hn hp X trn trong O2 d, thu c 46,5
gam rn R. Thnh phn phn trm theo khi ca Fe c trong hn hp X l :
A. 17,02. B. 34,04. C. 74,6. D. 76,2.
Cu 140: Cho m gam hn hp X gm Al, Fe, Zn, Mg (trong Fe chim 25,866% khi lng) tc
dng vi dung dch HCl d gii phng 12,32 lt H2 (ktc). Nu cho m gam hn hp X tc dng vi
Cl2 d th thu c (m + 42,6) gam hn hp mui. Gi tr ca m l :
Cu 141: Cho m gam hn hp X gm Al, Fe, Zn (c cng s mol) tc dng vi dung dch HCl d
thu c dung dch Y v V lt H2 (ktc). Mt khc oxi ha m gam hn hp X cn V lt Cl2
(ktc). Bit VV=2,016 lt. C cn dung dch Y thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan ?
Cu 142: Cho m gam hn hp bt kim loi X gm Cu v Fe vo trong dung dch AgNO3 d thu
c (m + 54,96) gam cht rn v dung dch X. Nu cho m gam X tc dng dung dch HNO3 long
d thu c 4,928 lt NO (ktc). m c gi tr l :
Cu 143: Ho tan hon ton hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3 v Fe3O4 bng lng va 300 ml
dung dch HNO3 5M thu c V lt hn hp kh NO2 v NO (ktc) v 96,8 gam mui Fe(NO3)3.
Gi tr ca V l :
A. 8,96 lt. B. 2,24 lt. C. 6,72 lt. D. 4,48 lt.
Cu 144: Ho tan hon ton hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe3O4 trong dung dch HNO3 va , thu c
4,48 lt hn hp kh gm NO2 v NO (ktc) v 96,8 gam mui Fe(NO3)3. S mol HNO3 phn
ng l :
Cu 145: t chy x mol Fe bi oxi thu c 2,52 gam hn hp (A) gm cc oxit st. Ha tan
hon ton (A) trong dung dch HNO3 thu c 0,0175 mol hn hp (Y) gm NO v NO2. T khi
hi ca Y i vi H2 l 19. Gi tr ca x l :
Cu 146: Khi oxi ho chm m gam Fe ngoi khng kh thu c 12 gam hn hp A gm FeO,
Fe2O3, Fe3O4 v Fe d. Ho tan A va bi 200 ml dung dch HNO3, thu c 2,24 lt NO duy
nht (ktc). Gi tr ca m v nng mol/lt ca dung dch HNO3 l :
A. 10,08 gam v 1,6M. B. 10,08 gam v 2M.
C. 10,08 gam v 3,2M. D. 5,04 gam v 2M.
Cu 147: Ho tan ht m gam hn hp gm FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 bng dung dch HNO3 c nng thu
c 4,48 lt kh NO2 (ktc). C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 145,2 gam mui khan. Gi
tr m l :
A. 33,6 gam. B. 42,8 gam. C. 46,4 gam. D. Kt qu khc.

Cu 148: 10,08 gam phi bo st ngoi khng kh, sau mt thi gian thu c 12 gam hn hp
A gm Fe, FeO, Fe3O4 v Fe2O3. Ha tan A hon ton vo dung dch HNO3 thy gii phng 6,72 lt
kh X (ktc). Kh X l :
A. NO2. B. NO. C. N2O. D. N2.
Cu 149: Cho 11,36 gam hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3 v Fe3O4 phn ng ht vi dung dch HNO3
long (d), thu c V lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc) v dung dch X. C cn dung
dch X thu c 38,72 gam mui khan. Gi tr ca V l :
A. 2,24 . B. 3,36. C. 1,344. D. 4,48 .
Cu 150: Nung 2,23 gam hn hp X gm cc kim loi Fe, Al, Zn, Mg trong oxi, sau mt thi gian
thu c 2,71 gam hn hp Y. Ha tan hon ton Y vo dung dch HNO3 (d), thu c 0,672 lt
kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). S mol HNO3 phn ng l :
A. 0,12 . B. 0,14. C. 0,16. D. 0,18.
Cu 151: Ho tan hon ton 10,4 gam hn hp A gm Fe v kim loi R (c ha tr khng i) bng
dung dch HCl thu c 6,72 lt H2 (ktc). Mt khc, nu cho A tc dng hon ton vi dung dch
HNO3 long d th thu c 1,96 lt N2O duy nht (ktc) v khng to ra NH4NO3. Kim loi R l :
A. Al. B. Mg. C. Zn. D. Ca.
Cu 152*: Khi ha tan cng mt lng kim loi R vo dung dch HNO3 c, nng v vo dung
dch H2SO4 long th th tch kh NO2 thu c gp 3 ln th tch kh H2 cng iu kin. Khi
lng mui sunfat thu c bng 62,81% khi lng mui nitrat to thnh. Khi lng nguyn t
v tn ca R l :
A. 27, nhm. B. 52, crom. C. 56, st. D. 65, Zn.
Cu 153: Cho 36 gam hn hp Fe, FeO, Fe3O4 tc dng hon ton vi dung dch H2SO4 c, nng
d thy thot ra 5,6 lt kh SO2 (ktc) l sn phm kh duy nht. S mol H2SO4 phn ng l :
A. 0,5 mol. B. 1 mol. C. 1,5 mol. D. 0,75 mol.
Cu 154: Ha tan hon ton 10,44 gam mt oxit st bng dung dch H2SO4 c, nng thu c
dung dch X v 1,624 lt kh SO2 (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). C cn dung dch X, thu c m
gam mui sunfat khan. Gi tr ca m l :
A. 29. B. 52,2. C. 58,0. D. 54,0.
Cu 155: Nung m gam bt st trong oxi, thu c 4,5 gam hn hp cht rn X. Ha tan ht hn
hp X trong dung dch H2SO4 c nng (d) thot ra 1,26 lt (ktc) SO2 (l sn phm kh duy
nht). Gi tr ca m l :
A. 3,78. B. 2,22 C. 2,52. D. 2,32.
Cu 156: kh hon ton 3,04 gam hn hp X gm FeO, Fe2O3 v Fe3O4 th cn 0,05 mol H2,
mt khc ho tan hon ton 3,04 gam hn hp X trong dung dch H2SO4 (c, nng) th thu c V
ml kh SO2 (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Gi tr ca V l :
A. 224. B. 448. C. 336. D. 112.
Cu 157: Ho tan 20,8 gam hn hp bt gm FeS, FeS2, S bng dung dch HNO3 c nng d thu
c 53,76 lt NO2 (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc v dung dch A. Cho dung dch A tc dng vi
dung dch NaOH d, lc ly ton b kt ta nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i th
khi lng cht rn thu c l :
A. 16 gam. B. 9 gam. C. 8,2 gam. D. 10,7 gam.
Cu 158: Ha tan hon ton 3,76 gam hn hp X dng bt gm S, FeS v FeS2 trong dung dch
HNO3 c nng d thu c 0,48 mol NO2 (l sn phm kh duy nht) v dung dch Y. Cho dung
dch Y tc dng vi dung dch Ba(OH)2 d, lc v nung kt ta n khi lng khng i, c m
gam hn hp rn Z. Gi tr ca m l :
A. 11,650. B. 12,815. C. 15,145. D. 17,545

Cu 159*: Cho 18,4 gam hn hp X gm Cu2S, CuS, FeS2 v FeS tc dng ht vi HNO3 (c
nng d) thu c V lt kh ch c NO2 ( ktc, sn phm kh duy nht) v dung dch Y. Cho ton
b Y vo mt lng d dung dch BaCl2, thu c 46,6 gam kt ta, cn khi cho ton b Y tc
dng vi dung dch NH3 d thu c 10,7 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca V l :
A. 38,08. B. 11,2. C. 24,64. D. 16,8.
Cu 160: Ha tan hon ton hn hp X gm 0,02 mol FeS2 v 0,03 mol FeS vo lng d H2SO4
c nng thu c Fe2(SO4)3, SO2 v H2O. Hp th ht SO2 bng mt lng va dung dch
KMnO4 thu c dung dch Y khng mu, trong sut, c pH = 2. Th tch ca dung dch Y l :
A. Vdd(Y) = 2,26 lt. B. Vdd (Y) = 22,8 lt. C. Vdd(Y) = 2,27 lt. D. Kt qu khc.
Cu 161*: Nung nng m gam bt Fe vi S trong bnh kn khng c khng kh, sau mt thi gian
thu c 12,8 gam hn hp rn X gm Fe, FeS, FeS2, S. Ho tan hon ton X trong dung dch
H2SO4 c nng d, thu c 10,08 lt kh SO2 (sn phm kh duy nht). Gi tr ca m l :
A. 5,6. B. 8,4. C. 11,2. D. 2,8.
Cu 162: Cho 6,72 lt clo (ktc) tc dng vi 22,4 gam Fe nung nng (hiu sut phn ng 100%),
ly cht rn thu c ho tan vo nc v khuy u th khi lng mui trong dung dch thu c
l :
Cu 163: Cho m gam bt Fe tc dng vi kh Cl2 sau khi phn ng kt thc thu c m + 12,78
gam hn hp X. Ho tan ht hn hp X trong nc cho n khi X tan ti a th thu c dung dch
Y v 1,12 gam cht rn. m c gi tr l :
Cu 164: Cho 6,72 gam Fe vo dung dch cha 0,3 mol H2SO4 c, nng (gi thit SO2 l sn
phm kh duy nht). Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, khi lng mui thu c l :
A. 21,12 gam. B. 24 gam. C. 20,16 gam. D. 18,24 gam.
Cu 165: Cho 6,72 gam Fe vo dung dch cha 0,3 mol H2SO4 c nng, n khi phn ng xy ra
hon ton, thu c kh SO2 (sn phm kh duy nht) v dung dch X. Dung dch X c th ho tan
ti a m gam Cu. Gi tr ca m l :
A. 3,84 B. 3,20. C. 1,92. D. 0,64.
Cu 166: Cho 25,2 gam Fe tc dng vi HNO3 long un nng thu c kh NO l sn phm kh
duy nht v mt dung dch Z, cn li 1,4 gam kim loi khng tan. Khi lng mui trong dung dch
Z l :
Cu 167: Th tch dung dch HNO3 0,5M t nht cn dng ha tan hon ton mt hn hp gm
0,15 mol Fe v 0,3 mol Ag l (bit phn ng to cht kh duy nht l NO) :
A. 0,8 lt. B. 1,0 lt. C. 1,6 lt. D. 2 lt.
Cu 168: Ha tan 12 gam hn hp Fe, Cu (t l mol 1:1) bng axit HNO3, thu c V lt (ktc) hn
hp kh X (gm NO v NO2), dung dch Y (khng cha mui NH4NO3) v 3,2 gam mt cht rn. T
khi ca X i vi H2 bng 19. Gi tr ca V l :
A. 2,24. B. 4,48 C. 5,60. D. 3,36.
Cu 169: Cho 18,5 gam hn hp gm Fe v Fe3O4 tc dng vi 200 ml dung dch HNO3 long, un
A. 3,2M B. 3,5M C. 2,6M D. 5,1M

Cu 170: Hn hp X gm Fe v Cu vi t l % khi lng l 4 : 6. Ho tan m gam X bng dung

dch HNO3 thu c 0,448 lt NO (ktc, sn phm kh duy nht ) dung dch Y v c 0,65m gam
kim loi khng tan.
a. Khi lng mui khan c trong dung dch Y l :
b. m c gi tr l :
Cu 171: Cho hn hp dng bt gm Al v Fe vo 100 ml dung dch CuSO4 0,75 M, khuy k
hn hp phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c 9 gam cht rn A gm hai kim loi. ho tan
hon ton cht rn A th cn t nht bao nhiu lt dung dch HNO3 1M (bit phn ng to ra sn
phm kh NO duy nht) ?
A. 0,6 lt. B. 0,5 lt. C. 0,4 lt. D. 0,3 lt.
Cu 172: Cho m gam Fe tan ht trong 400 ml dung dch FeCl3 1M thu c dung dch Y. C cn
dung dch Y thu c 71,72 gam cht rn khan. ho tan m gam Fe cn ti thiu bao nhiu ml
dung dch HNO3 1M (bit sn phm kh duy nht l NO) ?
A. 540 ml. B. 480 ml. C. 160 ml. D. 320 ml.
Cu 173: Cho m gam hn hp X gm Fe v Cu tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c dung dch
Y, 10m/17 gam cht rn khng tan v 2,688 lt H2 ( ktc). ho tan m gam hn hp X cn ti
thiu bao nhiu ml dung dch HNO3 1M (bit rng phn ng ch sinh ra sn phm kh duy nht l
NO) ?
A. 1200 ml. B. 800 ml. C. 720 ml. D. 480 ml.
Cu 174: Cho 2a mol bt Fe tc dng vi dung dch cha a mol CuSO4 sau khi phn ng kt thc
thu c dung dch X v 14,4 gam cht rn Y. ha tan ht cht rn Y ny cn ti thiu bao nhiu
ml dung dch HNO3 1M (sn phm kh duy nht l NO) ?
A. 480 ml. B. 640 ml. C. 360 ml. D. 800 ml.
Cu 175: Cho m gam bt Fe vo 800,00 ml dung dch hn hp gm AgNO3 0,20M v HNO3
0,25M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 1,40m gam hn hp kim loi v V lt kh
NO (duy nht, ktc). Gi tr ca m v V ln lt l :
A. 21,50 v 1,12. B. 25,00 v 2,24. C. 8,60 v 1,12. D. 28,73 v 2,24.
Cu 176: Cho m gam Fe vo dung dch cha ng thi H2SO4 v HNO3 thu c dung dch X v
4,48 lt NO (duy nht). Thm tip H2SO4 vo X th li thu c thm 1,792 lt kh NO duy nht na
v dung dch Y. Dung dch Y ho tan va ht 8,32 gam Cu khng c kh bay ra (cc kh o ktc).
Khi lng ca Fe cho vo l :
loi. Gi tr V l :
A. 1,200. B. 1,480. C. 1,605. D. 1,855.
Cu 178: Cho mt lng Fe ho tan ht vo dung dch cha 0,1 mol HNO3 v 0,15 mol AgNO3 sau
phn ng thu c dung dch X ch cha Fe(NO3)3, kh NO v cht rn Y. Cho x gam bt Cu vo
dung dch X thu c dung dch Z trong c khi lng ca Fe(NO3)3 l 7,986 gam. x c gi tr
l :

Cu 179: Oxi ha 1,12 gam bt st thu c 1,36 gam hn hp Fe2O3 v Fe d. Ha tan ht hn

hp vo 100 ml dung dch HCl thu c 168 ml H2 (ktc), dung dch sau phn ng khng cn HCl.
a. Tng khi lng mui thu c l :
b. Nng dung dch HCl l :
A. 0,4M. B. 0,45M. C. 0,5M. D. 0,375M.
Cu 180: Cho 0,015 mol bt Fe vo dung dch cha 0,04 mol HNO3 thy thot ra kh NO duy nht.
Khi phn ng hon ton th khi lng mui thu c bng :
Cu 181: Ho tan hon ton 7 gam Fe trong 100 ml dung dch HNO3 4M thu c V lt kh NO
(ktc) duy nht. un nh dung dch thu c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m v V l :
A. 2,56 gam v 1,12 lt. B. 12,8 gam v 2,24 lt.
C. 25,6 gam v 2,24 lt. D. 38,4 gam v 4,48 lt.
Cu 182: Cho 8,4 gam Fe vo dung dch HNO3 long. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c
2,688 lt NO ( ktc) v dung dch A. Khi lng mui st (III) nitrat c trong dung dch A l :
Cu 183: Ho tan hon ton 2,81 gam hn hp gm Fe2O3, MgO, ZnO, Al2O3 trong 500 ml axit
H2SO4 0,1M (va ). Sau phn ng, hn hp mui sunfat khan thu c khi c cn dung dch c
khi lng l :
Cu 184: Ha tn hon ton hn hp gm 0,1 mol Fe2O3 v 0,2 mol FeO vo dung dch HCl d thu
c dung dch A. Cho NaOH d vo dung dch A thu c kt ta B. Lc ly kt ta B ri em
nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i c m gam cht rn, m c gi tr l :
Cu 185: Cho 4,56 gam hn hp gm FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 tc dng vi dung dch HCl d, sau khi
cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch Y ; C cn dung dch Y thu c 3,81 gam
mui FeCl2 v m gam FeCl3.Gi tr ca m l :
A. 8,75. B. 9,75. C. 4,875. D. 7,825.
Cu 186: Cho m gam hn hp gm FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 tc dng vi dung dch HCl (d). Sau khi
cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, c dung dch Y. C cn Y thu c 7,62 gam FeCl2 v 9,75 gam
FeCl3. Gi tr ca m l :
A. 9,12. B. 8,75. C. 7,80. D. 6,50.
Cu 187: ho tan hon ton 23,2 gam hn hp gm FeO, Fe3O4 v Fe2O3 (trong s mol FeO
bng s mol Fe2O3), cn dng va V lt dung dch HCl 1M. Gi tr ca V l :
A. 0,8. B. 1,8. C. 2,3. D. 1,6.
Cu 188: Cho m gam Ba vo 250 ml dung dch Fe2(SO4)3 v Fe(NO3)3 c cng nng mol thu
c 20,4 gam kt ta, dung dch X c pH > 7 v 2,688 lt H2 (ktc). Cho 100 ml dung dch hn
hp Na2CO3 0,5M v NaHCO3 0,05M vo dung dch X thu c p gam kt ta. Gi tr ca p l :
Cu 189: Cho 0,1 mol FeCl3 tc dng ht vi dung dch Na2CO3 d thu c kt ta X. em nung
kt ta nhit cao n khi lng khng i thu c cht rn c khi lng m gam. Gi tr ca
m l :
A. 7,0. B. 8,0. C. 9,0. D. 10,0.
Cu 190: Cho 3,6 gam hn hp CuS v FeS tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c 896 ml kh
(ktc). Khi lng (gam) mui khan thu c l :
A. 5,61. B. 5,16. C. 4,61. D. 4,16.
Cu 191*: Cho dung dch NaOH 20,00% tc dng va vi dung dch FeCl2 10,00%. un nng
trong khng kh cho cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Nng phn trm ca mui to thnh trong
dung dch sau phn ng l (coi nc bay hi khng ng k) :
A. 7,5%. B. 7,45%. C. 8,5%. D. 8,45% .
Cu 192: Ho tan 4 gam FexOy cn 52,14 ml dung dch HCl 10% (d = 1,05 g/ml). Oxit Fe l :
Cu 193: Cho mt lng hn hp bt Zn vo dung dch X gm FeCl2 v CuCl2. Khi lng cht
rn sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton nh hn khi lng bt Zn ban u l 0,5 gam. C cn
phn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 13,6 gam. Khi lng cc cht trong X l :
Cu 194*: in phn 200 ml dung dch hn hp gm HCl 0,1M v FeSO4 0,5M bng in cc tr.
Khi catot c 5,6 gam Fe th th tch kh thot ra anot l :
A. 0,672 lt. B. 0,84 lt. C. 1,344 lt. D. 0,448 lt.
Cu 195: Cho 12,12 gam hn hp X gm Al v Fe tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c dung
dch A v kh H2. C cn dung dch A thu c 41,94 gam cht rn khan. Nu cho 12,12 gam X tc
dng vi dung dch AgNO3 d th thu c bao nhiu gam kim loi?
Cu 196: Cho dung dch NaOH d vo dung dch FeCl2 thu c 13,5 gam kt ta. Nu thay dung
dch NaOH bng dung dch AgNO3 d th thu c bao nhiu gam kt ta ?
Cu 197: Cho 100 ml dung dch FeCl2 1,2M tc dng vi 200 ml dung dch AgNO3 2M, thu c
m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 12,96. B. 34,44. C. 47,4. D. 30,18.
Cu 198: Ho tan hon ton 24,4 gam hn hp gm FeCl2 v NaCl (c t l s mol tng ng 1 : 2)
vo mt lng nc (d), thu c dung dch X. Cho dung dch AgNO3 (d) vo dung dch X, sau
khi phn ng xy ra hon ton sinh ra m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l :
A. 68,2. B. 28,7 . C. 10,8 . D. 57,4.
Cu 199: Cho 200 ml dung dch AgNO3 2,5x mol/lt tc dng vi 200 ml dung dch Fe(NO3)2 x
mol/lt. Sau khi phn ng kt thc thu c 17,28 gam cht rn v dung dch X. Cho HCl vo dung
dch X thu c m gam kt ta. m c gi tr l
Cu 200: Cho 100 ml dung dch AgNO3 2a mol/l vo 100 ml dung dch Fe(NO3)2 a mol/l. Sau khi
phn ng kt thc thu c 8,64 gam cht rn v dung dch X. Cho dung dch HCl d vo X thu
c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 11,48. B. 14,35. C. 17,22. D. 22,96.
Cu 201: Ho tan hon ton 11,2 gam bt st trong dung dch H2SO4 long d thu c dung dch
A. phn ng ht vi mui Fe2+ trong dung dch A cn dng ti thiu bao nhiu gam KMnO4 ?
Cu 202: Ha tan hon ton 10 gam hn hp mui khan FeSO4 v Fe2(SO4)3 thu c dung dch A.
Cho A phn ng va vi 1,58 gam KMnO4 trong mi trng H2SO4. Thnh phn % (m) ca
FeSO4 v Fe2(SO4)3 ln lt l :
A. 76%; 24%. B. 50%; 50%. C. 60%; 40%. D. 55%; 45%.
Cu 203: Cho hn hp m gam gm Fe v Fe3O4 c ho tan hon ton vo dung dch H2SO4
long, d thu c 6,72 lt kh H2 (ktc) v dung dch Y. Dung dch Y lm mt mu va 12,008
gam KMnO4 trong dung dch. Gi tr m l :
A. 42,64 gam. B. 35,36 gam. C. 46,64 gam. D. p n khc.
Cu 204: Ha tan m gam hn hp FeO, Fe2O3 v Fe3O4 bng dung dch H2SO4 long d thu c
dung dch X. Chia dung dch X thnh 2 phn bng nhau.
- Phn th nht em c cn thu c 67,48 gam mui khan.
- Phn th hai lm mt mu va ht 46 ml dung dch KMnO4 0,5M. Gi tr ca m l :
Cu 205: Ha tan m gam FeSO4 vo nc c dung dch A. Cho nc clo d vo dung dch A,
sau khi phn ng kt thc thu c dung dch B. C cn dung dch B thu c (m + 6,39) gam hn
hp 2 mui khan. Nu ha tan m gam FeSO4 vo dung dch H2SO4 long d th dung dch thu c
ny lm mt mu va bao nhiu ml dung dch KMnO4 1M ?
A. 40 ml. B. 36 ml. C. 48 ml. D. 28 ml.
Cu 206: Cho m gam hn hp Cu v Fe2O3 trong dung dch H2SO4 long d thu c dung dch X
v 0,328m gam cht rn khng tan. Dung dch X lm mt mu va ht 48 ml dung dch KMnO4
1M. m c gi tr l :
Cu 207: Ho tan m gam hn hp A gm FeO, Fe(OH)2, FeCO3, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 c cng s mol tc
dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long d thu c 1,568 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v dung dch X. Dung dch X
c th lm mt mu bao nhiu ml dung dch KMnO4 1M ?
A. 42 ml. B. 56 ml. C. 84 ml. D. 112 ml.
Cu 208: Cho dung dch X cha 0,1 mol FeCl2, 0,2 mol FeSO4. Th tch dung dch KMnO4 0,8M
trong H2SO4 long va oxi ha ht cc cht trong X l :
A. 0,075 lt. B. 0,125 lt. C. 0,3 lt. D. 0,03 lt.
Cu 209: Cho 8,3 gam hn hp Al, Fe vo 600 ml dung dch HCl 1M, thu c dung dch X v thu
c 5,6 lt kh (ktc). Cho dung dch X tc dng va ht vi 500 ml dung dch KMnO4 x mol/lt
trong H2SO4. Gi tr ca x l :
A. 0,28M. B. 0,24M. C. 0,48M. D. 0,04M.
Cu 210: t 16,2 gam hn hp X gm Al v Fe trong kh Cl2 thu c hn hp cht rn Y. Cho Y
vo nc d, thu c dung dch Z v 2,4 gam kim loi. Dung dch Z tc dng c vi ti a 0,21
mol KMnO4 trong dung dch H2SO4 (khng to ra SO2). Phn trm khi lng ca Fe trong hn
hp X l :
A. 72,91%. B. 64,00%. C. 37,33%. D. 66,67%.
Cu 211: Cho 0,01 mol mt hp cht ca st tc dng ht vi H2SO4 c nng, d, ch thot ra kh
SO2 vi th tch 0,112 lt (ktc) l sn phm kh duy nht. Cng thc ca hp cht st l :
A. FeS. B. FeO. C. FeS2. D. FeO hoc Fe3O4.
Cu 212: Ho tan hon ton m gam FexOy bng dung dch H2SO4 c, nng thu c kh A v
dung dch B. Cho kh A hp th hon ton bi dung dch NaOH d to ra 12,6 gam mui. Mt khc,
c cn dung dch B th thu c 120 gam mui khan. Cng thc ca st oxit FexOy l :
Cu 213: Ha tan hon ton a gam mt oxit st bng H2SO4 c nng thy thot ra kh SO2 duy
nht. Trong th nghim khc, sau khi kh hon ton cng a gam oxit bng CO nhit cao ri
ha tan lng st to thnh bng H2SO4 c nng th thu c lng kh SO2 nhiu gp 9 ln lng
kh SO2 th nghim trn. Cng thc ca oxit st l :
A. FeO. B. Fe2O3. C. Fe3O4. D. FeCO3.
Cu 214: Cho x mol Fe tan hon ton trong dung dch cha y mol H2SO4 (t l x : y = 2 : 5), thu
c mt sn phm kh duy nht v dung dch ch cha mui sunfat. S mol electron do lng Fe
trn nhng khi b ho tan l :
A. 3x. B. y. C. 2x. D. 2y.

Cu 215: Ha tan hon ton 2,44 gam hn hp bt X gm FexOy v Cu bng dung dch H2SO4 c
nng (d). Sau phn ng thu c 0,504 lt kh SO2 (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc) v dung dch
cha 6,6 gam hn hp mui sunfat.
a. Phn trm khi lng ca Cu trong X l :
A. 39,34%. B. 65,57%. C. 26,23%. D. 13,11%.
b. Cng thc ca oxit st l :
Cu 216: Cho hn hp gm FeO, CuO, Fe3O4 c s mol 3 cht u bng nhau tc dng ht vi
dung dch HNO3 thu c hn hp kh gm 0,09 mol NO2 v 0,05 mol NO. S mol ca mi cht l:
A. 0,36. B. 0,24. C. 0,12. D. 0,21.
Cu 217: Cho m gam hn hp X gm Al, Fe2O3, Fe3O4, FeO tc dng vi dung dch HCl d, thu
c dung dch Y trong khi lng ca FeCl2 l 31,75 gam v 8,064 lt H2 (ktc). C cn dung
dch Y, thu c 151,54 gam cht rn khan. Nu cho m gam hn hp X tc dng vi dung dch
HNO3 long d, thu c dung dch Z v kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht). C cn dung dch Z thu
c bao nhiu gam mui khan ?
Cu 218: Ho tan hon ton hn hp gm 0,06 mol FeS2 v a mol Cu2S vo axit HNO3 (va ),
thu c dung dch X (ch cha hai mui sunfat) v kh duy nht NO. Gi tr ca a l :
A. 0,04. B. 0,03. C. 0,12. D. 0,06.
Cu 219: Ha tan hon ton m gam Fe3O4 vo dung dch HNO3 long d, tt c lng kh NO thu
c em oxi ha thnh NO2 ri sc vo nc cng dng kh O2 chuyn ht thnh HNO3. Cho
bit th tch kh O2 (ktc) tham gia vo qu trnh trn l 3,36 lt. Khi lng m ca Fe3O4 l :
Cu 220: Ha tan hon ton m gam FeCO3 trong dung dch HNO3 thu c 10,08 lt hn hp 2 kh
( ktc) c t khi so vi H2S bng 1,294. Gi tr ca m bng :
Cu 221: Nung n hon ton 0,05 mol FeCO3 trong bnh kn cha 0,01 mol O2 thu c cht rn
A. ha tan ht A bng dung dch HNO3 (c nng) th s mol HNO3 ti thiu cn dng l :
Cu 222: Ho tan hon ton 0,1 mol FeS2 trong dung dch HNO3 c nng. Tnh th tch kh NO2
bay ra (ktc) v s mol HNO3 (ti thiu) phn ng (bit rng lu hunh trong FeS2 b oxi ho ln s
oxi ho cao nht).
A. 33,6 lt v 1,4 mol. B. 33,6 lt v 1,5 mol.
C. 22,4 lt v 1,5 mol. D. 33,6 lt v 1,8 mol.
Cu 223: Cho V lt kh CO (ktc) i qua m gam hn hp X gm cc oxit ca Fe, nung nng, thu
c (m 4,8) gam hn hp Y v V lt CO2 (ktc). Cho hn hp Y tc dng vi dung dch HNO3
long d thu c V lt NO (ktc, sn phm kh duy nht) v dung dch Z. C cn dung dch Z thu
c 96,8 gam cht rn khan. m c gi tr l :
Cu 224*: Thi kh CO i qua ng s ng m gam Fe2O3 nung nng. Sau phn ng thu c m1
gam cht rn Y gm 4 cht. Ho tan ht cht rn Y bng dung dch HNO3 d thu c 0,448 lt kh
NO (sn phm kh duy nht, o iu kin chun) v dung dch Z. C cn dung dch Z thu c
(m1 + 16,68) gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l :

Cu 225: Ho tan hon ton mt lng hn hp X gm Fe3O4 v FeS2 trong 63 gam HNO3, thu
c 1,568 lt NO2 (ktc). Dung dch thu c cho tc dng va vi 200 ml dung dch NaOH
2M, lc kt ta em nung n khi lng khng i thu c 9,76 gam cht rn. Nng % ca
dung dch HNO3 c gi tr l :
A. 47,2%. B. 46,2%. C. 46,6%. D. 44,2%.
Cu 226: Cho 0,3 mol bt Cu v 0,6 mol Fe(NO3)2 vo dung dch cha 0,9 mol H2SO4 (long). Sau
khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c V lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Gi tr
ca V l :
A. 6,72 . B. 8,96 . C. 4,48 . D. 10,08.
Cu 227: Cho hn hp gm 6,4 gam Cu v 5,6 gam Fe vo cc ng dung dch HCl long d.
tc dng ht vi cc cht c trong cc sau phn ng cn t nht khi lng NaNO3 l (sn phm kh
duy nht l NO) :
Cu 228*: Cho 0,87 gam hn hp gm Fe, Cu v Al vo bnh ng 300 ml dung dch H2SO4 0,1M.
A. 0,112 lt v 3,750 gam. B. 0,112 lt v 3,865 gam.
C. 0,224 lt v 3,750 gam. D. 0,224 lt v 3,865 gam.
A. 51,72%. B. 76,70%. C. 53,85%. D. 56,36%.
Cu 230: Nhit phn hon ton 7,2 gam Fe(NO3)2 trong bnh kn, sau phn ng thu c m gam
cht rn. m c gi tr l :
A. 2,88. B. 3,09 C. 3,2. D. 6,4.
Cu 231: Nung mt hn hp rn gm a mol FeCO3 v b mol FeS2 trong bnh kn cha khng kh
(d). Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, a bnh v nhit ban u, thu c cht rn duy
nht l Fe2O3 v hn hp kh. Bit p sut kh trong bnh trc v sau phn ng bng nhau, mi lin
h gia a v b l (bit sau cc phn ng, lu hunh s oxi ha +4, th tch cc cht rn l khng
ng k) :
A. a = 4b. B. a = 2b. C. a = b. D. a = 0,5b.
Cu 232: in phn 200 ml dung dch Fe(NO3)2. Vi dng in mt chiu cng dng in 1A
trong 32 pht 10 giy th va in phn ht Fe2+, ngng in phn v yn dung dch mt thi
gian th thu c 0,28 gam kim loi. Khi lng dung dch gim l :
Cu 233: Ho tan 36 gam hn hp ng v oxit st t ( dng bt) theo t l mol 2 : 1 bng dung
dch HCl d. Phn ng xong thu c dung dch X v cht rn Y. Khi lng cht rn Y l :
Cu 234: Hn hp X nng 9 gam gm Fe3O4 v Cu. Cho X vo dung dch HCl d thy cn 1,6
gam Cu khng tan. Khi lng Fe3O4 c trong X l :
Cu 235: Cho 7,2 gam hn hp gm Fe3O4 v Cu vo dung dch HCl d. Sau phn ng kt thc,
khi lng cht rn khng tan l 1,28 gam. Phn trm khi lng ca Fe3O4 trong hn hp u l :
A. 32,22%. B. 82,22%. C. 25,76%. D. 64,44%.

Cu 236: Ha tan m gam hn hp gm Cu v Fe3O4 trong dung dch HCl d sau phn ng cn li
8,32 gam cht rn khng tan v dung dch X. C cn dung dch X thu c 61,92 gam cht rn. m
c gi tr l
Cu 237: Hn hp A gm Fe2O3 v Cu em cho vo HCl d, thu c dung dch B v cn 1 gam
Cu khng tan. Sc kh NH3 d vo dung dch B. Kt ta thu c em nung ngoi khng kh n
khi lng khng i c 1,6 gam cht rn. Khi lng Cu c trong hn hp u l :
Cu 238: Ho tan 39,36 gam hn hp FeO v Fe3O4 vo dung dch H2SO4 long d thu c dung
dch A. Dung dch A lm mt mu va 56 ml dung dch KMnO4 1M. Dung dch A c th ho tan
va bao nhiu gam Cu?
Cu 239: Cho m gam hn hp Cu v Fe2O3 tan va ht trong dung dch HCl 18,25% thu c dung
dch X ch gm hai mui. C cn dung dch X c 58,35 gam mui khan. Nng % ca CuCl2
trong dung dch X l
A. 9,48%. B. 10,26 %. C. 8,42% . D. 11,20%.
Cu 240: 1,368 gam hn hp X gm FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 tc dng va ht vi dung dch HCl, cc
phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c dung dch Y, c cn dung dch Y thu c hn hp gm hai
mui, trong khi lng ca mui FeCl2 l 1,143 gam. Dung dch Y c th ho tan ti a bao
nhiu gam Cu?
Cu 241: Ho tan ht 2,32 gam hn hp X gm FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4, trong t l khi lng ca
FeO v Fe2O3 l 9 : 20 trong 200 ml dung dch HCl 1M thu c dung dch Y. Dung dch Y ho tan
c ti a bao nhiu gam st ?
Cu 242: Ha tan m gam hn hp X gm FeO, Fe(OH)2, Fe(OH)3 (trong t l mol ca FeO v
Fe(OH)2 l 1 : 1) trong dung dch HNO3 va thu c dung dch Y v 1,792 lt kh NO (sn
phm kh duy nht ktc). C cn dung dch Y v ly cht rn thu c nung n khi lng
khng i thu c 30,4 gam cht rn khan. Nu cho 11,2 gam Fe vo dung dch Y thu c dung
dch Z v p gam cht rn khng tan.
a. p c gi tr l
b. m c gi tr l
Cu 243: Cho 11,36 gam hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 phn ng ht vi dung dch HNO3
long d thu c 1,344 lt kh NO sn phm kh duy nht ( ktc) v dung dch X. Dung dch X
c th ho tan c ti a 12,88 gam Fe. S mol ca HNO3 c trong dung dch ban u l :
Cu 244: Ha tan hon ton m gam Cu vo 400 gam dung dch Fe(NO3)3 12,1% thu c dung
dch A c nng Cu(NO3)2 3,71%. Nng % Fe(NO3)3 trong dung dch A l :
A. 2,39%. B. 3,12%. C. 4,20%. D. 5,64%.

Cu 245: Ly mt cc ng 34,16 gam hn hp bt kim loi Cu v mui Fe(NO3)3 rn khan.

lng nc d v khuy u hi lu, cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Nhn thy trong cc cn
1,28 gam cht rn khng b ho tan. Chn kt lun ng :
A. Trong 34,16 gam hn hp lc u c 1,28 gam Cu v 32,88 gam Fe(NO3)3.
B. Trong hn hp u c cha 14,99% Cu v 85,01% Fe(NO3)3 theo khi lng.
C. Trong hn hp u c cha 12,85% Cu v 87,15% Fe(NO3)3 theo khi lng.
D. Tt c u sai.
Cu 246: Cho m gam bt Fe vo dung dch X cha 2m gam FeCl3 sau khi phn ng kt thc thu
c dung dch Y v 11,928 gam cht rn. m c gi tr l :
Cu 247: Cho m gam bt Zn vo 500 ml dung dch Fe2(SO4)3 0,24M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra
ca m l :
A. 32,50. B. 20,80. C. 29,25. D. 48,75.
Cu 248: Nhng mt thanh Mg vo 200 ml dung dch Fe(NO3)3 1M, sau mt thi gian ly thanh
Cu 249: Cho 0,3 mol Magie vo 100 ml dung dch hn hp cha Fe(NO3)3 2M v Cu(NO3)2 1M,
Cu 250: Cho 6,48 gam bt kim loi nhm vo 100 ml dung dch hn hp Fe2(SO4)3 1M v ZnSO4
0,8M. Sau khi kt thc phn ng, thu c m gam hn hp cc kim loi. Gi tr ca m l :
Cu 251: Cho m gam bt Al vo 400 ml dung dch Fe(NO3)3 0,75M v Cu(NO3)2 0,6M sau phn
ng thu c dung dch X v 23,76 gam hn hp hai kim loi. m c gi tr l :
Cu 252: Cho 0,8 mol bt Mg vo dung dch cha 0,6 mol FeCl3 v 0,2 mol CuCl2. Sau khi phn
ng kt thc thu c cht rn A v dung dch B. C cn dung dch B thu c bao nhiu gam cht
rn?
Cu 253: Cho hn hp bt gm 0,15 mol Al v x mol Mg phn ng vi 500 ml dung dch FeCl3
0,32M thu c 10,31 gam hn hp 2 kim loi v dung dch X. x c gi tr l
Cu 254: Cho 19,3 gam hn hp bt Zn v Cu c t l mol tng ng l 1 : 2 vo dung dch cha
0,2 mol Fe2(SO4)3. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c m gam kim loi. Gi tr ca m
l :
A. 6,40. B. 16,53. C. 12,00. D. 12,80.
Cu 255: Cho 11,34 gam bt nhm vo 300 ml dung dch hn hp gm FeCl3 1,2M v CuCl2 x
(M) sau khi phn ng kt thc thu c dung dch X v 26,4 gam hn hp hai kim loi. x c gi tr
l :
A. 0,4M. B. 0,5M. C. 0,8M. D.1,0M.
Cu 256: Cho 6,72 gam bt kim loi Fe tc dng 384 ml dung dch AgNO3 1M sau khi phn ng
kt thc thu c dung dch A v m gam cht rn. Dung dch A tc dng c ti a bao nhiu gam
bt Cu?

Cu 257: Ho tan ht m gam hn hp X gm Mg, FeCl3 vo nc ch thu c dung dch Y gm 3

mui v khng cn cht rn. Nu ho tan lng Mg trong X bng dung dch HCl th thu c 2,688
lt H2 (ktc). Dung dch Y c th ho tan va ht 1,12 gam bt st. m c tr l :
Cu 258: Cho 300 ml dung dch AgNO3 vo 200 ml dung dch Fe(NO3)2 sau khi phn ng kt thc
thu c 19,44 gam cht rn v dung dch X trong s mol ca Fe(NO3)3 gp i s mol ca
Fe(NO3)2 cn d. Dung dch X c th tc dng ti a bao nhiu gam hn hp bt kim loi gm Al
v Mg c t l s mol tng ng l 1 : 3 ?
Cu 259: Cho a gam bt Al vo dung dch cha 0,1 mol AgNO3 ; 0,15 mol Cu(NO3)2 v 0,2 mol
Fe(NO3)3 thu c dung dch X v kt ta Y. Hy la chn gi tr ca a kt ta Y thu c cha
3 kim loi.
A. a 3,6 gam . B. 2,7 gam < a < 5,4 gam.
C. 3,6 gam < a 9 gam. D. 5,4 gam < a 9 gam.
Cu 260: Cho m bt Al tan ht vo dung dch HCl v FeCl3 sau phn ng thu dung dch X gm
AlCl3 v FeCl2 v V lt kh H2 (ktc). C cn dung dch X thu c 36,86 gam cht rn khan, trong
AlCl3 chim 5/7 tng s mol mui. V c gi tr l :
A. 5,824 lt. B. 5,376 lt. C. 6,048 lt. D. 8,064 lt.
Cu 261: Cho m gam Fe tan va trong dung dch hn hp HCl v FeCl3 thu c dung dch X
ch cha mt mui duy nht v 5,6 lt H2 (ktc). C cn dung dch X thu c 85,09 gam mui
khan. m c gi tr l :
Cu 262: Cho m gam hn hp bt gm Fe, Cu v Fe2O3 tc dng va vi dung dch HCl (lng
dung dch HCl dng ti thiu) thu c dung dch A gm FeCl2 v CuCl2 vi s mol FeCl2 bng 9
ln s mol CuCl2 v 5,6 lt H2 (ktc) khng cn cht rn khng tan. C cn dung dch A thu c
127,8 gam cht rn khan. m c gi tr l :
Cu 263*: Hn hp X gm Fe(NO3)2 v Fe(NO3)3. Ho tan m gam X vo nc sau cho tc dng
vi 16,8 gam bt st sau khi phn ng kt thc thu c dung dch Y v 5,6 gam cht rn khng
tan. Mc khc nu nung m gam X trong iu kin khng c khng kh th thu c hn kh c t
khi so vi H2 l 21,695. m c gi tr l
Cu 264: Dung dch A cha 0,02 mol Fe(NO3)3 v 0,3 mol HCl c kh nng ho tan c Cu vi
khi lng ti a l (bit phn ng gii phng kh NO) :
Cu 265: Cho 11,6 gam FeCO3 tc dng va vi dung dch HNO3 thu c hn hp kh (CO2,
NO) v dung dch X. Khi thm dung dch HCl d vo dung dch X th ho tan ti a c bao nhiu
gam bt Cu (bit c kh NO bay ra) ?
A. 28,8 gam. B. 16 gam. C. 48 gam. D. 32 gam.
Cu 266: 400 ml dung dch hn hp HNO3 1M v Fe(NO3)3 0,5M c th ha tan bao nhiu gam
hn hp Fe v Cu c t l s mol nFe : nCu = 2 : 3 (sn phm kh duy nht l NO)?
Cu 267: in phn dung dch hn hp gm 0,1 mol FeCl3, 0,2 mol CuCl2 v 0,1 mol HCl (in
cc tr). Khi catot bt u thot kh th anot thu c V lt kh (ktc). Bit hiu sut ca qu
trnh in phn l 100%. Gi tr ca V l :
A. 5,60. B. 11,20. C. 22,40. D. 4,48.

Cu 268: in phn 100 ml hn hp dung dch gm FeCl3 1M, FeCl2 2M, CuCl2 1M v HCl 2M
vi in cc tr c mng ngn xp, cng dng in l 5A trong 2 gi 40 pht 50 giy, catot
thu c
A. 5,6 gam Fe. B. 2,8 gam Fe. C. 6,4 gam Cu. D. 4,6 gam Cu.
Cu 269: in phn dung dch hn hp cha 0,1 mol FeCl3, 0,2 mol CuCl2 v 0,1 mol HCl (in
cc tr, mng ngn xp). Khi catot bt u si bt kh th dng in phn. Ti thi im ny khi
lng catot tng
Cu 270: Kh hon ton 6,64 gam hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe3O4, Fe2O3 cn dng 2,24 lt CO
(ktc). Khi lng Fe thu c l :
A. 5,04 gam B. 5,40 gam C. 5,05 gam D. 5,06 gam
Cu 271: Kh 16 gam Fe2O3 thu c hn hp A gm Fe, Fe2O3, FeO, Fe3O4. Cho A tc dng ht
vi dung dch H2SO4 c, nng. Khi lng mui sunfat to ra trong dung dch l :
A. 48 gam. B. 50 gam. C. 32 gam. D. 40 gam
Cu 272: Kh hon ton 24 gam hn hp CuO v FexOy bng CO d nhit cao thu c 17,6
gam hn hp 2 kim loi. Khi lng CO2 to thnh l :
Cu 273: Dn t t V lt kh CO (ktc) i qua mt ng s ng lng d hn hp rn gm CuO,
Fe2O3 ( nhit cao). Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c kh X. Dn ton b kh X
trn vo lng d dung dch Ca(OH)2 th to thnh 4 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca V l :
A. 1,120. B. 0,896. C. 0,448. D. 0,224.
Cu 274: Kh hon ton hn hp Fe2O3 v CuO c phn trm khi lng tng ng l 66,67% v
33,33% bng kh CO, t l mol kh CO2 tng ng to ra t 2 oxit l :
A. 9 : 4 B. 3 : 1 C. 2 : 3 D. 3 : 2
Cu 275: Thi mt lung CO d qua ng s ng hn hp Fe3O4 v CuO nung nng n phn ng
hon ton, ta thu c 2,32 gam hn hp kim loi. Kh thot ra cho vo bnh ng nc vi trong
d thy c 5 gam kt ta trng. Khi lng hn hp 2 oxit kim loi ban u l bao nhiu ?
Cu 276: Nung 24 gam hn hp Fe2O3 v CuO trong ng s c thi lung CO d n khi phn ng
hon ton. Cho hn hp kh to thnh i qua bnh cha KOH c, d th khi lng bnh tng 17,6
gam. Khi lng Fe v khi lng Cu thu c l :
A. 5,6 gam Fe v 3,2 gam Cu. B. 11,2 gam Fe v 6,4 gam Cu.
C. 5,6 gam Fe v 6,4 gam Cu. D. 11,2 gam Fe v 3,2 gam Cu.
Cu 277: Cho 3,04 gam hn hp Fe2O3 v FeO tc dng vi CO d n khi phn ng hon ton.
Cht kh thu c cho qua dung dch Ca(OH)2 d thu c 5 gam kt ta. Khi lng Fe2O3 v
FeO c trong hn hp l :
A. 0,8 gam v 1,44 gam. B. 1,6 gam v 1,44 gam.
C. 1,6 gam v 0,72 gam. D. 0,8 gam v 0,72 gam.
Cu 278: Kh 39,2 gam hn hp A gm Fe2O3 v FeO bng CO thu c hn hp B gm FeO v
Fe. ho tan B cn va 2,5 lt dung dch H2SO4 0,2M thu c 4,48 lt kh (ktc). Khi lng
Fe2O3 v FeO ln lt l :
A. 32 gam v 7,2 gam. B. 16 gam v 23,2 gam.
C. 18 gam v 21,2 gam D. 20 gam v 19,2 gam
Cu 279: Dn kh CO d qua hn hp X gm 0,1 mol Fe3O4 ; 0,15 mol CuO v 0,1 mol MgO sau
cho ton b cht rn sau phn ng vo dung dch H2SO4 long d. Th tch kh thot ra (ktc) l:
A. 5,6 lt B. 6,72 lt C. 10,08 lt D. 13,44 lt
Cu 280: Cho V lt hn hp kh ( ktc) gm CO v H2 phn ng vi mt lng d hn hp rn

gm CuO v Fe3O4 nung nng. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, khi lng hn hp rn
gim 0,64 gam. Gi tr ca V l :
A. 0,224. B. 0,448. C. 0,112. D. 0,896.
Cu 281: Thi t t V lt hn hp kh X (ktc) gm CO v H2 i qua mt ng ng 16,8 gam hn
hp 3 oxit CuO, Fe3O4, Al2O3 nung nng, phn ng hon ton. Sau phn ng thu c m gam cht
rn Y v mt hn hp kh v hi nng hn khi lng ca hn hp X l 0,32 gam. Gi tr ca V v
m l :
A. 0,224 lt v 14,48 gam. B. 0,448 lt v 18,46 gam.
C. 0,112 lt v 12,28 gam. D. 0,448 lt v 16,48 gam.
Cu 282*: Cho hi nc i qua than nng , thu c 15,68 lt hn hp kh X (ktc) gm CO,
CO2 v H2. Cho ton b X tc dng ht vi CuO (d) nung nng, thu c hn hp cht rn Y. Ha
tan ton b Y bng dung dch HNO3 (long, d) c 8,96 lt NO (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc).
Phn trm th tch kh CO trong X l :
A. 18,42%. B. 28,57%. C. 14,28%. D. 57,15%.
Cu 283: Nung 3,2 gam hn hp gm CuO v Fe2O3 vi cacbon trong iu kin khng c khng
kh v phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c 0,672 lt (ktc) hn hp kh CO v CO2 c t khi so vi
hiro l 19,33. Thnh phn% theo khi lng ca CuO v Fe2O3 trong hn hp u l :
A. 50% v 50%. B. 66,66% v 33,34%.
C. 40% v 60%. D. 65% v 35%.
Cu 284: Kh hon ton mt oxit st X nhit cao cn va V lt kh CO (ktc), sau phn
ng thu c 0,84 gam Fe v 0,02 mol kh CO2. Cng thc ca X v gi tr V ln lt l :
A. Fe3O4 v 0,224. B. Fe2O3 v 0,448.
C. Fe3O4 v 0,448. D. FeO v 0,224.
Cu 285: Kh hon ton 11,6 gam oxit st bng CO nhit cao. Sn phm kh dn vo dung
dch Ca(OH)2 d, to ra 20 gam kt ta. Cng thc ca oxit st l :
Cu 286: Kh hon ton 4,06 gam oxit kim loi bng CO nhit cao to kim loi v kh. Kh
sinh ra cho hp th ht vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 d to 7 gam kt ta. kim loi sinh ra cho tc dng
ht vi dung dch HCl d thu c 1,176 lt kh H2 (ktc). Oxit kim loi l :
A. Fe2O3. B. ZnO. C. Fe3O4. D. Cr2O3.
Cu 287: Cho 4,48 lt kh CO (ktc) t t i qua ng s ng 8 gam mt oxit st n khi phn ng
xy ra hon ton. Kh thu c sau phn ng c t khi so vi hiro bng 20. Cng thc ca oxit st
v phn trm th tch ca kh CO2 trong hn hp kh sau phn ng l :
A. Fe3O4; 75%. B. Fe2O3; 75%. C. Fe2O3; 65%. D. FeO; 75%.
Cu 288: Cho mt lung kh CO i qua ng ng m gam Fe2O3 nung nng. Sau mt thi gian thu
c 44,46 gam hn hp X gm Fe3O4, FeO, Fe, Fe2O3 d. Cho X tc dng ht vi dung dch
HNO3 long thu c 3,136 lt NO (ktc) duy nht. Th tch CO dng (ktc) l :
A. 4,5 lt. B. 4,704 lt. C. 5,04 lt. D. 36,36 lt.
Cu 289: Cho mt lung kh H2 v CO i qua ng ng 10 gam Fe2O3 nung nng. Sau mt thi
gian thu c m gam X gm 3 oxit st. Cho X tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO3 0,5M (va ) thu
c dung dch Y v 1,12 lt NO (ktc) duy nht. Th tch CO v H2 dng (ktc) l :
A. 1,68. B. 2,24. C. 1,12. D. 3,36.

Cu 290: Cho lung kh CO i qua ng s ng m gam Fe2O3 nung nng. Sau mt thi gian thu
c 6,96 gam hn hp rn X, cho X tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO3 0,1M va thu c dung
dch Y v 2,24 lt hn hp kh Z gm NO v NO2 c t khi so vi hiro l 21,8.
a. Hp th ht kh sau khi nung vo nc vi trong d th thu c kt ta c khi lng l :
b. m c gi tr l :
c. Th tch dung dch HNO3 dng l :
A. 4 lt. B. 1 lt. C. 1,5 lt. D. 2 lt.
Cu 291: Kh hon ton m gam FexOy bng CO thu c 8,4 gam kim loi Fe v kh CO2. Hp th
hon ton kh CO2 v 500 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,35M th thu c kt ta. Lc kt ta, cho dung
dch Na2SO4 d vo dung dch sau phn ng thu c 5,825 gam kt ta trng. Cng thc ca oxit
l :
A. FeO hoc Fe2O3. B. Fe2O3 hoc Fe3O4.
C. Fe3O4. D. FeO hoc Fe3O4.
Cu 292: Nung hn hp gm bt Al v bt Fe3O4 trong iu kin khng c khng kh (gi s ch
xy ra phn ng Al kh oxit st thnh st kim loi). Hn hp sau phn ng, nu cho tc dng vi
dung dch NaOH d th thu c 6,72 lt kh H2 (ktc); cn nu cho tc dng vi dung dch HCl d
s thu c 26,88 lt kh H2 (ktc). Cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Thnh phn trm theo khi
lng ca Al v Fe3O4 trong hn hp u l :
A. 18,20% ; 81,80%. B. 22,15% ; 77,85%. C. 19,30% ; 80,70%. D. 27,95% ; 72,05%.
Cu 293: Cho hn hp gm bt nhm v oxit st. Thc hin hon ton phn ng nhit nhm (gi
s ch c phn ng kh oxit st thnh Fe) thu c hn hp rn B c khi lng 19,82 gam. Chia
hn hp B thnh 2 phn bng nhau :
- Phn 1 : cho tc dng vi mt lng d dung dch NaOH thu c 1,68 lt kh H2 (ktc).
- Phn 2 : cho tc dng vi mt lng d dung dch HCl th c 3,472 lt kh H2 (ktc) thot ra.
Cng thc ca oxit st l :
Cu 294: A l qung hematit cha 60% Fe2O3. B l qung manhetit cha 69,6% Fe3O4. Trn mA
tn qung A vi mB tn qung B thu c qung C, m t 1 tn qung C c th iu ch c 0,5
tn gang cha 4% cacbon. T l mA/mB l :
A. 5:2. B. 3:4. C. 4:3. D. 2:5.
Cu 295: Dng qung manhetit cha 80% Fe3O4 luyn thnh 800 tn gang c hm lng Fe l
95%. Qu trnh sn xut gang b hao ht 2%. Vy s dng bao nhiu tn qung ?
A. 1325,3. B. 1311,9. C. 1338,7. D. 848,126.
Cu 296: Mun sn xut 5 tn thp cha 98% st cn dng bao nhiu tn gang cha 94,5% st (cho
qu trnh chuyn ho gang thnh thp l H = 85%) ?
A. 5,3 tn. B. 6,1 tn. C. 6,5 tn. D. 7 tn.
Cu 297: t 5 gam mt loi thp trong lung kh O2 thu c 0,1 gam CO2. Hm lng phn trm
ca cacbon trong loi thp trn l :
A. 0,38%. B. 1%. C. 2,1%. D. 0,545%.
B sung cc bi tp hay v kh :
Cu 298: Cho 20 gam hn hp X gm Fe, FeO, Fe3O4, Fe2O3 tan va ht trong 700 ml dung dch
HCl 1M thu c 3,36 lt H2 (ktc) v dung dch D. Cho dung dch D tc dng vi NaOH d, lc
kt ta v nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c cht rn Y. Khi lng Y l :
Cu 299: Ho tan hon ton m gam Fe trong dung dch HNO3 thy c 0,3 mol kh NO2 sn phm
kh duy nht thot ra, nh tip dung dch HCl va vo li thy c 0,02 mol kh NO duy nht bay
ra. C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c cht rn c khi lng l:
Cu 300: Ha tan hon ton 19,2 gam hn hp X gm Fe, FeO, Fe3O4 v Fe2O3 trong 400 ml dung
dch HNO3 3M (d) un nng, thu c dung dch Y v V lt kh NO l sn phm kh duy nht (
ktc). Cho 350 ml dung dch NaOH 2M vo dung dch Y thu c 21,4 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca V
l :
A. 3,36 lt. B. 5,04 lt. C. 5,60 lt. D. 4,48 lt.
Cu 301: t chy hon ton 4,4 gam sunfua ca kim loi M (cng thc MS) trong oxi d. Cht
rn sau phn ng em ho tan trong 1 lng va dung dch HNO3 37,8% thy nng phn
trm ca mui trong dung dch thu c l 41,72%. Khi lm lnh dung dch ny th thot ra 8,08
gam mui rn. Lc tch mui rn thy nng phn trm ca mui trong dung dch l 34,7%. Cng
thc mui rn tch ra sau phn ng l
A. Fe(NO3)2.9H2O B. Cu(NO3)2.5H2O C. Fe(NO3)3.9H2O D. Fe(NO3)2.7H2O.
Cu 302: Cho 12 gam hn hp Fe v Cu vo 200 ml dung dch HNO3 2M, thu c mt cht kh
(sn phm kh duy nht) khng mu, ha nu trong khng kh, v c mt kim loi d. Sau cho
thm dung dch H2SO4 2M, thy cht kh trn tip tc thot ra, ho tan ht kim loi cn 33,33 ml.
Khi lng kim loi Fe trong hn hp l :
Cu 303: Ly 5,2 gam hn hp FeS2 v Cu2S tc dng hon ton vi dung dch HNO3 th thu c
dung dch ch cha 2 mui v 12,208 lt hn hp NO2 v SO2 (ktc). Xc nh % v khi lng ca
FeS2 trong hn hp ban u
A. 71,53% hoc 81,39%. B. 93,23% hoc 71,53%.
C. 69,23% hoc 81,39%. D. 69,23% hoc 93,23%.
Cu 304: Cho 33,35 gam hn hp A gm Fe3O4, Fe(NO3)3, Cu tc dng hon ton vi dung dch
cha 0,414 mol H2SO4 (long) th thu c kh NO duy nht v dung dch B ch cha 2 mui. C
cn B thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan?
A. 64,400 hoc 61,520. B. 65,976 hoc 61,520.
C. 73,122 hoc 64,400. D. 65,976 hoc 75,922.
Cu 305: Ha tan hon ton m gam hn hp X gm FexOy v FeS va trong 180 ml HNO3 1M
thu c dung dch Y khng cha mui sunfat v 2,016 lt kh NO2 (ktc). Cho dung dch Ba(OH)2
d vo dung dch Y to ra kt ta Z. Lc ly phn kt ta Z v nung trong khng kh n khi
lng khng i th thu c 4,73 gam cht rn. Phn trm khi lng FexOy trong hn hp X l :
A. 64,5%. B. 78,43%. C. 32,25%. D. 21,57%.
Cu 306: Hn hp X gm (Fe, Fe2O3, Fe3O4, FeO) vi s mol mi cht l 0,1 mol, ha tan ht vo
dung dch Y gm (HCl v H2SO4 long) d thu c dung dch Z. Nh t t dung dch Cu(NO3)2
1M vo dung dch Z cho ti khi ngng thot kh NO. Th tch dung dch Cu(NO3)2 cn dng v th
tch kh thot ra ( ktc) l :
A. 25 ml ; 1,12 lt. B. 0,5 lt ; 22,4 lt. C. 50 ml ; 2,24 lt. D. 50 ml ; 1,12 lt.
Cu 307: Hai bnh kn A, B u c dung tch khng i V lt cha khng kh (21% oxi v 79% nit
v th tch). Cho vo c hai bnh nhng lng nh nhau hn hp ZnS v FeS2. Trong bnh B cn
thm mt t bt S (khng d). Sau khi t chy ht hn hp sunfua v lu hunh, lc trong bnh
A oxi chim 3,68% th tch, trong bnh B nit chim 83,16% th tch. % th tch ca SO2 trong bnh
A l:
A. 13,16%. B. 3,68%. C. 83,16%. D. 21%.

BI 3 : NG V MT S HP CHT CA NG
A. L THUYT
PHN 1 : NG
I. Vi tr v cu to
1. V tr ca ng trong bng tun hon
ng l nguyn t kim loi chuyn tip, thuc nhm IB, chu k 4, c s hiu nguyn t l 29.
2. Cu to ca ng
a. Cu hnh electron
Nguyn t Cu c 29 electron, c phn thnh 4 lp : 2e, 8e, 18e v 1e. ng l nguyn t d,
c cu hnh electron nguyn t l 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s1, hoc vit gn l [Ar]3d104s1.
Trong cc hp cht, ng c s oxi ho ph bin l +1 v +2. Cu hnh electron ca cc ion
ng l Cu+ : [Ar]3d10 ; Cu2+ : [Ar]3d9.
b. Cu to ca n cht
So vi kim loi nhm IA, ng c bn knh nguyn t nh hn, ion ng c in tch ln hn.
Kim loi ng c cu to kiu mng tinh th lp phng tm din l tinh th c chc, do vy lin
kt trong n cht ng bn vng hn.
3. Mt s tnh cht khc ca ng
Bn knh nguyn t Cu : 0,128 (nm)
+ 2+
Bn knh cc ion Cu v Cu : 0,095 v 0,076 (nm)
m in : 1,9
Nng lng ion ho I1, I2 : 744 ; 1956 (kJ/mol)
Th in chun E o : +0,34 (V)
Cu 2 + / Cu
II. Tnh cht vt l
ng l kim loi mu , do, d ko si v dt mng (c th dt mng n 0,0025 mm, mng
hn giy vit 5 - 6 ln). ng c dn in v dn nhit rt cao (ch km bc). dn in ca
ng gim nhanh nu c ln tp cht. Do vy dy dn in l ng c tinh khit ti 99,99%.
Khi lng ring ca ng l 8,98 g/cm3 ; Nhit nng chy 1083oC.
III. Tnh cht ha hc
Trong dy in ho, ng c th in cc chun E o = +0,34V, ng sau cp oxi ho -
Cu 2 + / Cu
+
kh 2H /H2. ng l kim loi km hot ng, c tnh kh yu. Tnh cht ny c chng minh qua
nhng phn ng ho hc sau.
Khi t nng, Cu khng chy trong kh oxi m to thnh mng CuO mu en bo v Cu khng
b oxi ho tip tc :
to
2Cu + O2 2CuO
Nu tip tc t nng Cu nhit cao hn (800 1000oC), mt phn CuO lp bn trong oxi
ho Cu thnh Cu2O mu :
to
CuO + Cu Cu2O
Trong khng kh kh, Cu khng b oxi ho v c mng oxit bo v. Nhng trong khng kh m,
vi s c mt ca CO2, ng b bao ph bi mng cacbonat baz mu xanh CuCO3.Cu(OH)2.
ng c th tc dng vi Cl2, Br2, S,... nhit thng hoc un nng :

Cu + Cl2 CuCl2
to
Cu + S CuS
2. Tc dng vi axit
ng khng tc dng vi dung dch HCl, H2SO4 long. Tuy vy, vi s c mt ca oxi trong
khng kh, Cu b oxi ho thnh mui Cu(II) :
2Cu + 4HCl + O2 2CuCl2 + 2H2O
ng b oxi ho d dng trong H2SO4 c nng v HNO3 :
to
Cu + 2H2SO4 (c) CuSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O
Cu + 4HNO3 (c) Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO2 + 2H2O

3Cu + 8HNO3 (long) 3Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO + 4H2O
ng kh c ion ca nhng kim loi ng sau n trong dy in ho trong dung dch mui:
Cu + 2AgNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + 2Ag
IV. ng dng ca ng
Nhng ng dng ca ng ch yu da vo tnh do, tnh dn in, tnh bn v kh nng to ra
nhiu hp kim. Hp kim ng c nhiu ng dng trong cng nghip v i sng l :
- ng thau l hp kim Cu Zn (45% Zn) c tnh cng v bn hn ng, dng ch to cc
chi tit my, ch to cc thit b dng trong cng nghip ng tu bin.
- ng bch l hp kim Cu Ni (25% Ni), c tnh bn, p, khng b n mn trong nc
bin. ng bch c dng trong cng nghip tu thu, c tin,....
- ng thanh l hp kim Cu Sn, dng ch to my mc, thit b.
- Hp kim Cu Au, trong 2/3 l Cu, 1/3 l Au (hp kim ny c gi l vng 9 cara),
dng c cc ng tin vng, vt trang tr,...
Cc ngnh kinh t s dng ng trn th gii :
- Cng nghip in : 58%
- Kin trc xy dng : 19%
- My mc cng nghip : 17%
- Cc ngnh khc : 6%
PHN 2 : MT S HP CHT CA NG
1. ng(II) oxit, CuO

CuO l cht rn mu en.
CuO c iu ch bng cch nhit phn cc hp cht Cu(OH)2, Cu(NO3)2, CuCO3.Cu(OH)2,...
to
2Cu(NO3)2 2CuO + 4NO2 + O2
to
CuCO3.Cu(OH)2 2CuO + CO2 + H2O

CuO c tnh oxi ho :

to
CuO + CO Cu + CO2
to
3CuO + 2NH3 N2 + 3Cu + 3H2O
2. ng(II) hiroxit, Cu(OH)2
Cu(OH)2 l cht rn, mu xanh.
iu ch Cu(OH)2 t dung dch mui ng(II) v dung dch baz.
Cu(OH)2 c tnh baz, khng tan trong nc nhng tan d dng trong dung dch axit.
Cu(OH)2 tan d dng trong dung dch NH3 to ra dung dch c mu xanh thm gi l nc
Svayde.
Cu(OH)2 + 4NH3 [ Cu(NH3 )4 ] (OH)2
3. ng (II) sunfat, CuSO4
CuSO4 dng khan l cht rn mu trng. Khi hp th nc to thnh mui hirat CuSO4.5H2O
l tinh th mu xanh trong sut. Do vy CuSO4 khan c dng pht hin du vt ca nc
trong cc cht lng.
Cho trc khi nhn

Mt chng trai b lc gia mt sa mc rng ln. Anh mt l v kht kh, sn sng nh i bt k
ci g ch ly mt ngm nc mt. i mi i mi, n khi i mi anh sng ln nhc nhi, th
thy mt cn lu: c, rch nt, khng ca s.
Anh nhn quanh cn lu v thy mt gc ti c mt ci my bm nc c v g st. Tt c mi th

tr nn lu m i bn cnh ci my bm, anh vi v bc ti, vn cht tay cm, ra sc bm. Nhng
khng c mt git nc no chy ra c.
Tht vng, anh nhn quanh cn lu. Lc ny, anh chng mi thy mt ci bnh nh. Phi sch
bi ct trn bnh, anh c c dng ch nguch ngoch vit bng cch ly vin co ln:
"Hy ht nc trong bnh ny vo ci my bm. V trc khi i, hy nh nc y vo chic
bnh ny".
Anh bt np bnh ra, v ng tht: trong bnh y nc mt. Bng nhin, anh b ri vo mt tnh th
bp bnh. Nu anh ung ngay ch nc trong bnh, chc chn anh c th sng st. Nhng nu anh
ht nc vo ci my bm c g, c th n s bm c nc trong lnh t su trong lng t
rt nhiu nc.
Anh cn nhc kh nng ca c hai s la chn; nn mo him rt nc vo my bm c ngun

nc trong lnh, hay ung nc trong ci bnh c v coi nh khng c c li ch dn? D sao,
li ch dn khng bit bao lu ri v khng bit c cn chnh xc na khng?
Nhng ri cui cng, anh cng quyt nh rt ht nc vo ci my bm, ri tip tc nhn mnh ci
cn my bm, mt ln, hai ln... chng c g xy ra c! Tuy hong ht, nhng nu dng li, anh s
khng cn mt ngun hi vng no na, nn anh tip tc kin tr bm,.. ln na, ln na... nc mt
trong lnh bt u chy ra t ci my bm c k. Anh vi v hng nc vo bnh v ung.
Cui cng anh hng nc y bnh, dnh cho ngi no khng may mn b lc ng nh
anh s n y. Anh y np bnh, ri vit thm mt cu di dng ch c sn trn bnh:
"Hy lm theo ch dn trn. Bn cn phi cho trc khi bn c th nhn".

BI 4 : S LC V MT S KIM LOI KHC
A. L THUYT
PHN 1 : BC
Bc l nguyn t kim loi chuyn tip, thuc nhm IB, chu k 5, s hiu nguyn t l 47 trong
bng tun hon. Trong cc hp cht, bc c s oxi ho ph bin l +1, ngoi ra bc cn c s oxi
ho l +2 v +3.
Cu hnh electron nguyn t Ag : [Kr] 4d105s1
1. Tnh cht
Bc c tnh mm, do (d ko si v dt mng), mu trng, dn nhit v dn in tt nht trong
cc kim loi.
Bc l kim loi nng (khi lng ring l 10,5 g/cm3), nng chy 960,5oC.
Bc c tnh kh yu, nhng ion Ag+ c tnh oxi ho mnh ( E o = +0,80V).
Ag + / Ag
Bc khng b oxi ho trong khng kh, d nhit cao.
Bc khng tc dng vi HCl, H2SO4 long, nhng tc dng vi axit c tnh oxi ho mnh, nh
HNO3 hoc H2SO4 c nng.
Ag + 2HNO3 (c) AgNO3 + NO2 + H2O
Bc c mu en khi tip xc vi khng kh hoc nc c mt hiro sunfua :
4Ag + 2H2S + O2 2Ag2S(en) + 2H2O
2. ng dng
Bc tinh khit c dng ch to trang sc, vt trang tr, m bc cho nhng vt bng kim
loi, ch to mt s linh kin trong k thut v tuyn, ch to cquy (cquy Ag Zn c hiu in th
1,85 V).
Ch to hp kim, th d hp kim Ag Cu, hp kim Ag Au. Nhng hp kim ny dng lm
trang sc, b n, c tin,...
Ion Ag+ (d nng rt nh, ch khong 1010 mol/l) c kh nng st trng, dit khun.
PHN 2 : VNG
Vng l nguyn t kim loi chuyn tip, thuc nhm IB, chu k 6, s hiu nguyn t l 79 trong
bng tun hon. Trong cc hp cht, vng c s oxi ho ph bin l +3, ngoi ra vng cn c s oxi
ho +1.
Cu hnh electron nguyn t Au : [Xe] 4f145d106s1
1. Tnh cht
Vng l kim loi mm, mu vng, do (ngi ta c th cn l vng mng hn 0,0002 mm, t 1 g
vng c th ko thnh si mnh di ti 3,5 km). Vng c tnh dn in v dn nhit tt, ch km bc
v ng.
Vng c khi lng ring l 19,3 g/cm3, nng chy 1063oC.
Vng c tnh kh rt yu ( Eo = +1,50V).
Au3 + / Au
Vng khng b oxi ho trong khng kh d nhit no v khng b ho tan trong axit, k c
HNO3 nhng vng b ho tan trong :
- Nc cng toan (hn hp 1 th tch HNO3 v 3 th tch HCl c)

Au + HNO3 + 3HCl AuCl3 + 2H2O + NO

- Dung dch mui xianua ca kim loi kim, nh NaCN, to thnh ion phc [ Au(CN)2 ] .
- Thu ngn, to thnh hn hng vi Au (cht rn, mu trng). t nng hn hng, thu
ngn bay hi cn li vng (ch tnh c hi ca th nghim ny).
2. ng dng
Vng c dng lm trang sc, m vng cho nhng vt trang tr,...
Phn ln vng c dng ch to cc hp kim : Au Cu, Au Ni, Au Ag,...
PHN 3 : NIKEN
Niken l nguyn t kim loi chuyn tip, thuc nhm VIIIB, chu k 4, c s hiu nguyn t l
28 trong bng tun hon. Trong cc hp cht, niken c s oxi ho ph bin l +2, ngoi ra cn c s
oxi ho l +3.
Cu hnh electron nguyn t Ni : [Ar] 3d84s2
1. Tnh cht
Niken l kim loi c mu trng bc, rt cng, c khi lng ring bng
8,91 g/cm3, nng chy 1455oC.
Niken c tnh kh yu hn st ( E o = 0,26V). Niken c th tc dng c vi nhiu
Ni 2 + / Ni
n cht v hp cht : khi un nng c th phn ng vi mt s phi kim nh oxi, clo,.... ; phn ng
c vi mt s dung dch axit, c bit l tan d dng trong dung dch axit HNO3 c nng.
V d :
500o C
2Ni + O2
2NiO
to
Ni + Cl2 NiCl2
nhit thng, Ni bn vi khng kh, nc v mt s dung dch axit do trn b mt niken c
mt lp mng oxit bo v.
2. ng dng
Phn ln niken c dng ch to hp kim, Ni c tc dng lm tng bn, chng n mn
v chu nhit cao. V d :
- Hp kim Inva Ni Fe khng dn n theo nhit , c dng trong k thut v tuyn, rle
nhit.
- Hp kim ng bch Cu Ni c tnh bn vng cao, khng b n mn d trong mi trng
nc bin, dng ch to chn vt tu bin, tuabin cho ng c my bay phn lc.
Mt phn nh niken c dng :
- M ln cc kim loi khc, c tc dng chng n mn.
- Lm cht xc tc (bt Ni) trong nhiu phn ng ho hc.
- Ch to cquy Cd Ni (c hiu in th 1,4 V), cquy Fe Ni.

PHN 4 : KM
Km l nguyn t kim loi chuyn tip, thuc nhm IIB, chu k 4, c s hiu nguyn t l 30
trong bng tun hon. Trong cc hp cht, Zn c s oxi ho l +2.
Cu hnh electron nguyn t Zn : [Ar] 3d104s2
1. Tnh cht
Km l kim loi c mu lam nht, gin nhit phng, do nhit 100 -150oC, gin tr li
nhit trn 200oC. Km c khi lng ring bng 7,13 g/cm3, nng chy 419,5oC, si
906oC.
Km l kim loi hot ng, c tnh kh mnh, th in cc chun ca km E o = -0,76V.
Zn 2 + / Zn
Km tc dng c vi nhiu phi kim v cc dung dch axit, kim, mui. Tuy nhin, km khng
b oxi ho trong khng kh, trong nc v trn b mt km c mng oxit hoc cacbonat baz bo v.
2. ng dng
Phn ln km c dng bo v b mt cc vt bng st thp chng n mn nh dy thp,
tm lp, thp l.
Km c dng ch to cc hp kim, nh hp kim Cu Zn (ng thau), hp kim Cu Zn Ni,
hp kim Cu Al Zn,... Nhng hp kim ny c tnh cht bn cao, chng n mn, c dng ch to
cc chi tit my, trang sc v trang tr,...
Km c dng ch to pin in ho, nh pin Zn Mn l loi pin c dng ph bin nht hin
nay (pin Vn in, pin Con Th ...) ; pin khng kh km,... Mt s hp cht ca km cn c dng
trong y hc.
PHN 5 : THIC
Thic l kim loi thuc nhm IVA, chu k 5, c s hiu nguyn t l 50 trong bng tun hon.
Trong cc hp cht, Sn c s oxi ho +2 v +4.
Cu hnh electron nguyn t Sn : [Kr] 4d105s25p2.
1. Tnh cht
Thic l kim loi mu trng bc, do (d cn thnh l mng gi l giy thic). Thic c nhit
nng chy l 232oC, nhit si 2620oC. Thic c 2 dng th hnh l thic trng v thic xm.
Thic trng bn nhit trn 14oC, c khi lng ring bng 7,92 g/cm3. Thic xm bn nhit
di 14oC, c khi lng ring bng 5,85 g/cm3.
Thic l kim loi c tnh kh yu hn km v niken :
- Trong khng kh nhit thng, Sn khng b oxi ho ; nhit cao, Sn b oxi ho
thnh SnO2.
- Thic tc dng chm vi cc dung dch HCl, H2SO4 long to thnh mui Sn(II) v H2.
Vi dung dch HNO3 long to mui Sn(II) nhng khng gii phng hiro. Vi H2SO4, HNO3 c
to ra hp cht Sn(IV).
- Thic b ho tan trong dung dch kim c (NaOH, KOH). Trong t nhin, thic c bo
v bng mng oxit, do vy thic tng i bn v mt ho hc, b n mn chm.
2. ng dng
Thic c dng trng ln b mt cc vt bng st thp, v hp ng thc phm, nc gii
kht, c tc dng chng n mn, to v p v khng c hi.
Thic c dng ch to cc hp kim, v d hp kim Sn Sb Cu c tnh chu ma st, dng ch
to trc quay. Hp kim Sn Pb c nhit nng chy thp (180oC) dng ch to thic hn.

PHN 6 : CH
Ch l kim loi thuc nhm IVA, chu k 6, s hiu nguyn t l 82 trong bng tun hon.
Nguyn t ch c 6 lp electron, lp ngoi cng c 4e, lp st ngoi cng c 18e. Trong cc hp
cht, Pb c s oxi ho +2 v +4. Hp cht c s oxi ho +2 l ph bin v bn hn.
Cu hnh electron nguyn t Pb : [Xe]4f145d106s26p2.
1. Tnh cht
Ch c mu trng hi xanh, mm (c th ct bng dao), d dt mng v ko si. Ch l kim loi
nng, c khi lng ring l 11,34 g/cm3, nng chy 327,4oC, si 1745oC.
Ch c tnh kh yu. Th in cc chun ca ch Eo = 0,13V.
Pb 2 + / Pb
Ch khng tc dng vi cc dung dch HCl, H2SO4 long do cc mui ch khng tan bao bc
ngoi kim loi. Ch tan nhanh trong H2SO4 c nng v to thnh mui tan l Pb(HSO4)2. Ch tan
d dng trong dung dch HNO3, tan chm trong HNO3 c.
Ch cng tan chm trong dung dch baz nng (nh NaOH, KOH). Trong khng kh, ch c bao
ph bng mng oxit bo v nn khng b oxi ho tip, khi un nng th tip tc b oxi ha to ra PbO. Ch
khng tc dng vi nc. Khi c mt khng kh, nc s n mn ch to ra Pb(OH)2.
2. ng dng
Ch c s dng rng ri trong cng nghip in : lm v dy cp, v bnh cquy, ch to cc
in cc trong cquy ch. Ch c dng ch to cc thit b sn xut axit sunfuric, nh thp hp
th, ng dn axit,...Ch dng ch to cc hp kim khng mi mn cc trc quay, nn c dng lm
trc. Hp kim ch dng ch to que hn. Ch c tc dng hp th tia gamma (), nn dng ngn
cn cht phng x.
Hy th mt cch khc
Bn ang to nn chic by cho chnh mnh nu c mi kha cht mnh trong mt li suy ngh duy
nht m khng th tm mt cch khc
Hm y l mt ngy cui thng by bnh thng nh mi ngy. Ti ang ngi trong mt cn phng
yn tnh ca mt khch sn nh n gia rng thng v lng nghe nhng m thanh tuyt vng ca
trn chin sinh t ang din ra cch ch ti ngi mt vi bc chn.
l mt ch rui nh ang dc cht sc lc cui cng vt qua tm knh ca ca s. i cnh
run ry nh ang k mt cu chuyn bi thm v chin lc hnh ng ca n: C gng hn
na.Nhng chin lc y khng hiu qu.
Nhng n lc in cung khng mang li cht hy vng no. Tr tru thay, trn chin ny li gp
phn to nn chic by cho chnh n.
Cng c gn, n cng mau kit sc. Tht v ch khi ch rui c nht nh mun ph v tm knh
bng cht sc lc nh b ca mnh. Vy m n nh cc c s sng t c mc tiu bng
n lc v s quyt tm. Cui cng, ch rui phi chu s phn bi t. N kit sc v gc cht trn
bu ca.
Ch cch mi bc chn thi, cnh ca ang rng m. Ch mt mi giy ng h bay n ,
v con vt b nh ny s ra c vi th gii bn ngoi m n ang tm kim. Ch cn mt phn
nh sc lc b ph, n c th thot khi chic by m n t p t cho mnh.
Nu ch rui khng kha cht mnh vo mt li suy ngh duy nht v th tm mt cch khc, ch
tm ra li that mt cch d dng.
C gng nhiu hn na khng phi lc no cng l gii php tt yu t c thnh cng. N c

th khng ha hn cho nhng g bn ang mong mun t c trong cuc sng. Nhiu khi li
l khi u ca nhng vn rc ri, ti t hn. Nu bn t cc mi hy vng tm thy mt li
thot duy nht vo vic c gng ht sc trong mt mc tiu hn hp, bn c th s ph hy mi c
hi khc ca mnh.
B. BI TP TRC NGHIM
Cu 1: Cu (Z = 29), cu hnh electron nguyn t ca ng l :

A. 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d9. B. 1s22s22p63s23p64s13d10.
C. 1s22s22p63s23p63d94s2. D. 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s1.
Cu 2: Pht biu no khng ng v v tr ca ng trong bng tun hon ?
A. ng chu k 4. B. ng nhm IA.
C. ng l kim loi chuyn tip. D. ng l nguyn t d.
Cu 3: ng c cu hnh electron l [Ar]3d 4s . Vy cu hnh electron ca Cu+ v Cu2+ ln lt l:
10 1
A. [Ar]3d10 ; [Ar]3d9. B. [Ar]3d94s1 ; [Ar]3d84s1.

C. [Ar]3d94s1 ; [Ar]3d9. D. [Ar]3d84s2 ; [Ar]3d84s1.
63 65
Cu 4: Trong t nhin, nguyn t ng c hai ng v l 29 Cu v 29 Cu . Nguyn t khi trung bnh
ca ng l 63,54.
65
a. Thnh phn phn trm tng s nguyn t ca ng v 29 Cu l :
A. 73%. B. 27%. C. 50%. D. 60%.
65
b. Thnh phn phn trm v khi lng ca 29 Cu trong CuSO4 l bao nhiu (cho: O = 16 ; S = 32) ?
A. 11%. B. 28,84%. C. 54%. D. 50%.
Cu 5: Hy chn cc tnh cht ng ca Cu :
1) Ho tan Cu bng dung dch HCl c nng gii phng kh H2.
2) ng dn nhit v dn in tt, ch thua Ag.
3) ng kim loi c th tan trong dung dch FeCl3.
4) C th ho tan Cu trong dung dch HCl khi c mt O2.
5) ng thuc nhm kim loi nh (d = 8,98 g/cm3).
6) Khng tn ti Cu2O; Cu2S.
A. 1, 2, 3. B. 1, 4, 5, 6. C. 2, 3, 4, 6. D. 2, 3, 4.
Cu 6: Cho sut in ng chun E ca cc pin in ho: E (Cu - X) = 0,46V, Eo(Y - Cu) = 1,1V;
o o
Eo(Z - Cu) = 0,47V (X, Y, Z l ba kim loi). Dy cc kim loi xp theo chiu tng dn tnh kh t
tri sang phi l :
A. Z, Y, Cu, X. B. Y, Z, Cu, X. C. X, Cu, Z, Y. D. X, Cu, Y, Z.
Cu 7: Cho phn ng ha hc : Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu. Trong phn ng trn xy ra :
A. s oxi ha Fe v s kh Cu2+. B. s oxi ha Fe v s oxi ha Cu.
2+
C. s kh Fe v s oxi ha Cu. D. s kh Fe2+ v s kh Cu2+.
Cu 8: Tng h s (cc s nguyn, ti gin) ca tt c cc cht trong phng trnh phn ng gia
Cu vi dung dch HNO3 c, nng l :
A. 8. B. 10. C. 11. D. 9.
Cu 9: Cho Cu tc dng vi dung dch cha H2SO4 long v NaNO3, vai tr ca NaNO3 trong phn
ng l :
A. Cht xc tc. B. Cht oxi ha. C. Mi trng. D. Cht kh.

Cu 10: Hin tng g xy ra khi a dy Cu mnh, c un l xo, nng vo l thy tinh ng

y kh clo, y c cha mt lp nc mng ?
A. Dy Cu khng chy.
B. Dy Cu chy mnh, c khi mu nu.
C. Dy Cu chy mnh, c khi mu nu, khi khi tan, lp nc y l c mu xanh nht.
D. Khng c hin tng xy ra.
Cu 11: Trong phn ng: 2Cu + 4HCl + O2 2CuCl2 + 2H2O. Nhn nh no sau y l ng ?
A. HCl va l cht kh, va l mi trng.
B. O2 b HCl kh to thnh O-2.
C. HCl ch l mi trng.
D. O2 va ng vai tr cht xc tc, va l cht oxi ho.
Cu 12: C mt cc ng dung dch HCl, nhng mt l Cu vo, dung dch trong cc dn chuyn
sang mu xanh, l Cu c th b t ch tip xc vi b mt thong ca cc axit. Nguyn nhn ca
hin tng ny l :
A. Cu tc dng chm vi axit HCl.
B. Cu tc dng vi HCl c mt ca O2 trong khng kh.
C. Xy ra hin tng n mn in ha.
D. Cu b th ng trong mi trng axit.
Cu 13: Pht biu no khng ng ?
A. ng phn ng vi HNO3 long gii phng N2.
B. ng phn ng vi oxi (800 1000oC) to ra Cu2O.
C. Khi c mt oxi, Cu phn ng vi dung dch HCl.
D. Cu phn ng vi lu hunh to CuS.
Cu 14: Cho ng tc dng vi tng dung dch sau : HCl (1), HNO3 (2), AgNO3 (3), Fe(NO3)2 (4),
Fe(NO3)3 (5), Na2S (6), HCl c ho tan oxi (7). ng phn ng c vi cc cht no ?
A. (2), (3), (5), (6). B. (2), (3), (5), (7). C. (1), (2), (3). D. (2), (3).
Cu 15: Cho hn hp bt gm Fe v Cu vo dung dch FeCl3, sau khi phn ng xong cn li cht
rn, cht rn ny tc dng dung dch HCl sinh ra kh H2. Dung dch thu c t th nghim trn
cha :
A. Mui FeCl2 duy nht. B. Mui FeCl2 v CuCl2.
C. Hn hp mui FeCl2 v FeCl3. D. Hn hp mui FeCl3 v CuCl2.
Cu 16: Cho hn hp Fe, Cu phn ng vi dung dch HNO3 long. Sau khi phn ng hon ton,
thu c dung dch ch cha mt cht tan v kim loi d. Cht tan l :
A. Cu(NO3)2. B. Fe(NO3)2. C. Fe(NO3)3. D. HNO3.
Cu 17: Hn hp bt A gm 3 kim loi : Cu, X, Fe. tch ri kim loi X ra khi hn hp A, m
khng lm thay i khi lng X, ngi ta dng mt ha cht duy nht l mui st(III) nitrat. Vy
X l :
A. Ag. B. Pb. C. Zn. D. Al.
Cu 18: T hai phn ng sau :
Cu + 2 FeCl3 CuCl2 + 2FeCl2
Fe + CuCl2 FeCl2 + Cu
C th rt ra nhn xt ng l :
A. Cu y c Fe khi mui. B. Tnh oxi ho : Fe3+ > Cu2+ > Fe2+.
C. Tnh oxi ho : Fe3+ > Fe2+ > Cu2+. D. Tnh kh : Fe > Fe2+ > Cu.
Cu 19: kh ion Fe3+ trong dung dch thnh ion Fe2+ c th dng mt lng d kim loi no ?
A. Cu. B. Mg. C. Ag. D. Ba.
Cu 20: Trng hp xy ra phn ng l :
A. Cu + Pb(NO3)2 (long). B. Cu + HCl (long).
C. Cu + HCl (long) + O2. D. Cu + H2SO4 (long).
-
Cu 21: nhn bit ion NO3 ngi ta thng dng Cu v dung dch H2SO4 long v un nng,
v:
A. Phn ng to ra dung dch c mu vng nht.
B. Phn ng to ra dung dch c mu xanh v kh khng mi lm xanh giy qu m.
C. Phn ng to ra kt ta mu xanh.
D. Phn ng to dung dch c mu xanh v kh khng mu ho nu trong khng kh.
Cu 22: Cho dung dch NH3 n d vo dung dch cha AlCl3 v CuCl2 thu c kt ta A. Nung
A c cht rn B. Cho lung kh CO i qua B nung nng s thu c cht rn l :
A. Al2O3. B. Cu v Al. C. CuO v Al. D. Cu v Al2O3.
Cu 23: C hin tng g xy ra khi nh t t metylamin vo dung dch CuSO4 ?
A. Khng c hin tng g.
B. Xut hin kt ta xanh lam.
C. Xut hin kt ta xanh lam sau kt ta tan ra.
D. Xut hin kt ta xanh lam sau kt ta ha nu trng khng kh.
Cu 24: Gii php no nhn bit khng hp l ?
A. Dng OH- nhn bit NH4+ v xut hin kh lm xanh giy qu m.
B. Dng Cu v H2SO4 long nhn bit NO3- v xut hin kh khng mu ha nu trong
khng kh.
C. Dng Ag+ nhn bit PO43- v to kt ta vng.
D. Dng tn m cn nhn bit N2 v tn m bng chy thnh ngn la.
Cu 25: Cho hn hp gm Cu, CuO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 phn ng vi dung dch HCl d. Sau phn ng
thu c cht rn X v dung dch Y. Tng s phn ng xy ra l :
A. 3. B. 4. C. 5. D. 2.
Cu 26: Cho Cu2S tan trong dung dch HNO3 long, sau phn ng khng d axit, kh sinh ra khng
mu ha nu trong khng kh, sau phn ng c :
A. Cu(NO3)2, H2SO4, NO, H2O. B. Cu(NO3)2, H2SO4, N2O, H2O.
C. Cu(NO3)2, H2SO4, NO2, H2O. D. Cu(NO3)2, CuSO4, NO, H2O.
Cu 27: Phng trnh ho hc no sai ?
A. Cu(OH)2 + 2NaOH c Na2CuO2 + 2H2O.
B. Na2S + CuCl2 2NaCl + CuS.
C. Cu + 2AgNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + 2Ag.
D. CuS + HCl CuCl2 + H2S.
Cu 28: NH3 c th tc dng vi cc cht no sau y (trong iu kin thch hp) ?
A. HCl, KOH, N2, O2, P2O5. B. HCl, CuCl2, Cl2, CuO, O2.
C. H2S, Cl2, AgCl, H2, Ca(OH)2. D. CuSO4, K2CO3, FeO, HNO3, CaO.

Cu 29: iu khng nh no sau y khng ng ?

A. Hn hp Na2O v Al2O3 c th tan trong nc.
B. Hn hp KNO3 v Cu c th tan ht trong dung dch NaHSO4.
C. Hn hp Fe2O3 v Cu c th tan ht trong dung dch HCl.
D. Hn hp FeS v CuS c th tan ht trong dung dch HCl.
Cu 30: Khi in phn dung dch CuSO4 anot xy ra qu trnh : H2O 2H+ +1/2 O2 +2e
Nh vy anot c lm bng :
A. Zn. B. Cu. C. Ni. D. Pt.
Cu 31: in phn dung dch CuSO4 vi anot Cu nhn thy mu xanh ca dung dch khng thay
i. Chn mt trong cc l do sau :
A. S in phn khng xy ra.
B. Thc cht l in phn nc.
C. Cu va to ra catot li tan ngay.
D. Lng Cu bm vo catot bng lng Cu tan ra anot.
Cu 32: Khi nhit phn, dy mui nitrat no u cho sn phm l oxit kim loi, kh NO2 v O2 ?
A. Cu(NO3)2 ; LiNO3 ; KNO3 ; Mg(NO3)2.
B. Hg(NO3)2 ; AgNO3 ; NaNO3 ; Ca(NO3)2.
C. Cu(NO3)2 ; Fe(NO3)2 ; Mg(NO3)2 ; Fe(NO3)3.
D. Zn(NO3)2 ; KNO3 ; Pb(NO3)2 ; Fe(NO3)2.
Cu 33: Dung dch A cha hn hp AgNO3 v Cu(NO3)2. Cho bt Fe vo A, sau khi phn ng
xong lc tch c dung dch A1 v cht rn B1. Cho tip mt lng Mg vo A1, kt thc phn ng,
lc tch kt ta thu c dung dch A2 v cht rn B2 gm 2 kim loi. Cho B2 vo dung dch HCl
thy khng c hin tng g. Dung dch A2 tc dng vi xt d thu c 3 hiroxit kt ta. Cho bit
thnh phn ca B1, B2, A1, A2 tng ng l :
A. Ag ; Cu, Ag ; Fe2+, Cu2+, Ag+ ; Fe2+, Mg2+, Cu2+.
B. Ag ; Cu, Ag ; Fe3+, Cu2+, Ag+ ; Fe2+, Mg2+, Cu2+.
C. Ag, Fe ; Cu, Ag ; Fe2+,Cu2+ ; Fe2+, Mg2+, Cu2+.
D. kt qu khc.
Cu 34: lm sch bc c ln tp cht Zn, Fe, Cu (khng lm thay i khi lng bc) th cho
hn hp trn vo :
A. Dung dch AgNO3 d. B. Dung dch Fe2(SO4)3 d.
C. Dung dch CuSO4 d. D. Dung dch FeSO4 d.
Cu 35: Cht no dng pht hin vt nc trong du ha, benzen ?
A. NaOH khan. B. CuSO4 khan. C. CuSO4.5H2O. D. C A v B.
Cu 36: Cho hn hp Cu, Fe, Al. Ha cht dng loi b Al, Fe ra khi hn hp m vn thu c
Cu vi lng vn nh c l :
A. HCl. B. CuSO4. C. NaOH. D. Fe(NO3)3.
Cu 37: Cho kh H2S li chm cho n d qua hn hp gm FeCl3, AlCl3, NH4Cl, CuCl2 thu c
kt ta X. Thnh phn ca X l :
A. FeS,CuS. B. FeS, Al2S3, CuS. C. CuS. D. CuS, S.

Cu 38: Lc m gam bt Fe vi dung dch A gm AgNO3 v Cu(NO3)2 khi phn ng kt thc thu
c cht rn B v dung dch C, cho C tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d thu c 2 hiroxit kim
loi. Vy 2 hiroxit l :
A. AgOH v Cu(OH)2. B. Fe(OH)2 v Cu(OH)2.
C. Fe(OH)3 v Cu(OH)2. D. B hoc C.
Cu 39: Cng thc ha hc ca nc Svayde, dng ha tan xenluloz l :
A. [Cu(NH3)4](OH)2. B. [Zn(NH3)4](OH)2. C. [Cu(NH3)2](OH). D. [Ag(NH3)2](OH).
Cu 40: Khi cho Ba(OH)2 d vo dung dch cha FeCl3, CuSO4, AlCl3 thu c kt ta. Nung kt
ta trong khng kh n khi khi lng khng i, thu c cht rn X. Trong cht rn X gm :
A. Fe2O3, CuO. B. Fe2O3, CuO, BaSO4.
C. Fe3O4, CuO, BaSO4. D. FeO, CuO, Al2O3.
Cu 41: Trong khng kh m, cc vt dng bng ng b bao ph bi lp g mu xanh. Lp g ng
l :
A. Cu(OH)2CuCO3. B. CuCO3. C. Cu2O. D. CuO.
Cu 42: Hai kim loi c th c iu ch bng phng php in phn dung dch l :
A. Cu v Ag. B. Na v Fe. C. Al v Mg. D. Mg v Zn.
Cu 43: iu ch mt t Cu trong phng th nghim, ngi ta dng phng php no ?
1) Cho Fe tc dng vi dung dch CuSO4.
2) Kh CuO bng CO nhit cao.
3) in phn dd CuSO4.
A. ch dng 1. B. ch dng 3. C. dng 1 v 2. D. dng 2 v 3.
Cu 44: Cho cc phn ng:
o o
t t
(1) Cu2O + Cu2S (2) Cu(NO3)2
o o
t t
(3) CuO + CO (4) CuO + NH3
(5) Cu2S + dd HCl (6) Cu2O + dd HCl
S phn ng to ra kim loi Cu l :
A. 5. B. 4. C. 3. D. 6.
Cu 45: Cho s chuyn ho qung ng thnh ng :
o o o
+ O2 , t + O2 , t + X, t
CuFeS2 X Y Cu.
Hai cht X, Y ln lt l :
A. Cu2S, Cu2O. B. Cu2O, CuO. C. CuS, CuO. D. Cu2S, CuO.
Cu 46: T qung pirit ng CuFeS2, malachit Cu(OH)2.CuCO3, chancozit Cu2S ngi ta iu ch
c ng th c tinh khit 97 98%. Cc phn ng chuyn ha qung ng thnh ng l :
A. CuFeS2 CuS CuO Cu. B. CuFeS2 CuO Cu.
C. CuFeS2 Cu2S Cu2O Cu. D. CuFeS2 Cu2S CuO Cu.
Cu 47: T qung pirit ng CuFeS2, malachit Cu(OH)2.CuCO3, chancozit Cu2S ngi ta iu ch
c ng th c tinh khit 97 98%. thu c ng tinh khit 99,99% t ng th, ngi ta
dng phng php in phn dungdch CuSO4 vi
A. in cc dng (anot) bng ng th, in cc m (catot) bng l ng tinh khit.
B. in cc dng (anot) bng ng th, in cc m (catot) bng than ch.
C. in cc dng (anot) bng ng th, in cc m (catot) bng ng th.
D. in cc dng (anot) bng than ch, in cc m (catot) bng ng th.

Cu 48: Ngnh kinh t no s dng nhiu ng nht trn th gii ?

A. Kin trc, xy dng. B. Cng nghip in.
C. My mc cng nghip. D. Cc ngnh khc.
Cu 49: Qung CuFeS2 c tn l g ?
A. Qung Halcopirit. B. Qung Boxit. C. Qung Bonit. D. Qung Malachit.
Cu 50: ng bch l hp kim ca ng vi :
A. Zn. B. Sn. C. Ni. D. Au.
Cu 51: Hp kim Cu Zn ( Zn chim 45% v khi lng) gi l g ?
A. ng thau. B. ng bch. C. ng thanh. D. p n khc.
Cu 52: Hp kim no cha nhiu ng nht :
A. ng thau. B. ng bch.
C. Vng 9 cara. D. Lng ng nh nhau.
Cu 53: Hp kim no sau y khng phi l ca ng ?
A. ng thau. B. ng thic. C. Contantan. D. Electron.
Cu 54: Cho sut in ng chun ca cc pin in ha: Zn - Cu l 1,1V ; Cu - Ag l 0,46V. Bit
th in cc chun E oAg+ / Ag = +0,8V . Th in cc chun E oZn 2+ / Zn v E oCu 2+ /Cu c gi tr ln lt l :
A. 1,56V v +0,64V. B. 1,46 V v 0,34V.
C. 0,76V v + 0,34V. D. +1,56 V v +0,64V.
Cu 55: Th t mt s cp oxi ho - kh trong dy in ho nh sau : Fe2+/Fe ; Cu2+/Cu ;
Fe3+/Fe2+. Cp cht khng phn ng vi nhau l :
A. Dung dch FeCl2 v dung dch CuCl2. B. Fe v dung dch FeCl3.
C. Cu v dung dch FeCl3. D. Fe v dung dch CuCl2.
Cu 56: Cho lung kh H2 v CO d qua hn hp cc oxit CuO, FeO, ZnO v Al2O3 nung nhit
cao. Sau phn ng, hn hp cht rn cn li l :
A. Cu, FeO, ZnO, Al2O3. B. Cu, Fe, Zn, Al2O3.
C. Cu, Fe, ZnO, Al2O3. D. Cu, Fe, Zn, Al.
Cu 57: Cp cht khng xy ra phn ng ho hc l :
A. Cu + dung dch FeCl2. B. Fe + dung dch FeCl3.
C. Fe(NO3)2 + dung dch HCl. D. Cu + dung dch FeCl3.
A. Trong mi trng kim, mui Cr(III) c tnh kh v b cc cht oxi ho mnh chuyn
thnh mui Cr(VI).
B. Do Pb2+/Pb ng trc 2H+/H2 trong dy in ho nn Pb d dng phn ng vi dung
dch HCl long ngui, gii phng kh H2.
C. CuO nung nng khi tc dng vi NH3 hoc CO, u thu c Cu.
D. Ag khng phn ng vi dung dch H2SO4 long nhng phn ng vi dung dch H2SO4
c.
Cu 59: Cho cc cp cht vi t l s mol tng ng nh sau :
(a) Fe3O4 v Cu (1:1) (b) Sn v Zn (2:1) (c) Zn v Cu (1:1)
(d) Fe2(SO4)3 v Cu (1:1) (e) FeCl2 v Cu (2:1) (g) FeCl3 v Cu (1:1)
S cp cht tan hon ton trong mt lng d dung dch HCl long nng l :
A. 4. B. 2. C. 3. D. 5.

Cu 60: Mt dung dch cha 0,02 mol Cu2+, 0,03 mol K+, x mol Cl v y mol SO42. Tng khi
lng cc mui tan c trong dung dch l 5,435 gam. Gi tr ca x v y ln lt l :
A. 0,03 v 0,02. B. 0,05 v 0,01. C. 0,02 v 0,05. D. 0,01 v 0,03.
Cu 61: Cho 2,055 gam kim loi X vo lng d dung dch CuCl2, thy c mt kh thot ra v to
thnh 1,47 gam kt ta. X l kim loi g ?
A. Na. B. K. C. Ca. D. Ba.
Cu 62: Khi ha tan hiroxit kim loi M(OH)2 bng mt lng va dung dch H2SO4 20% thu
c dung dch mui trung ho c nng 27,21%. Kim loi M l :
A. Cu. B. Fe. C. Zn. D. Mg.
Cu 63: Ha tan hon ton 8,32 gam Cu vo dung dch HNO3 thu c dung dch A v 4,928 lt
hn hp NO v NO2 (ktc). Khi lng (gam) ca 1 lt hn hp 2 kh ny l :
A. 1,988. B. 1,898. C. 1,788. D. 1,878.
Cu 64: Cho 7,04 gam kim loi ng c ha tan ht bng dung dch HNO3, thu c hn hp
hai kh l NO2 v NO. Hn hp kh ny c t khi so vi hiro bng 18,2. Th tch mi kh thu c
ktc l :
A. 0,896 lt NO2 ; 1,344 lt NO. B. 2,464 lt NO2 ; 3,696 lt NO.
C. 2,24 lt NO2 ; 3,36 lt NO. D. 2,24 lt NO2 ; 3,696 lt NO.
Cu 65: Cho m gam hn hp X gm Al, Cu vo dung dch HCl (d), sau khi kt thc phn ng
sinh ra 3,36 lt kh (ktc). Nu cho m gam hn hp X trn vo mt lng d axit nitric (c, ngui),
sau khi kt thc phn ng sinh ra 6,72 lt kh NO2 (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Gi tr ca m l:
A. 10,5. B. 11,5. C. 12,3. D.15,6.
Cu 66: Ha tan ht 3,04 gam hn hp bt Fe v Cu trong dung dch HNO3 long thu c 0,896
lt kh NO (ktc). Phn trm ca Fe v Cu trong hn hp ln lt l :
A. 63,16% v 36,84%. B. 36,84% v 63,16%.
C. 50% v 50%. D. 36,2% v 63,8%.
Cu 67: Ho tan hon ton 1,23 gam hn hp X gm Cu v Al vo dung dch HNO3 c, nng thu
c 1,344 lt kh NO2 (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc) v dung dch Y. Sc t t kh NH3 (d) vo
dung dch Y, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c m gam kt ta. Phn trm v khi lng
ca Cu trong hn hp X v gi tr ca m ln lt l :
A. 21,95% v 2,25. B. 21,95% v 0,78. C. 78,05% v 2,25. D. 78,05% v 0,78.
Cu 68: Ho tan hon ton hn hp 7,32 gam gm 5,4 gam Ag v cn li l Cu v dung dch HNO3
thu c hn hp kh X gm NO v NO2 c t l s mol tng ng l 2 : 3. Th tch hn hp kh X
( ktc) l :
A. 2,737 lt. B. 1,369 lt. C. 2,224 lt. D. 3,3737 lt.
Cu 69: Hn hp A gm hai kim loi Fe v Cu trong mFe=1,75mCu. Ha tan 4,4 gam hn hp A
bng dung dch axit nitric d, c V lt (ktc) hn hp kh B gm NO2 v NO thot ra. Hn hp B
nng hn kh amoniac hai ln. Gi tr ca V l :
A. 1,792. B. 2,016. C. 2,24. D. 2,288.
Cu 70: Cho 19,2 gam Cu tc dung ht vi dung dch HNO3, kh NO thu c em hp th vo
nc cng vi dng oxi chuyn ht thnh HNO3. Th tch kh oxi (ktc) tham gia vo qu
trnh trn l :
A. 2,24 lt. B. 3,36 lt. C. 4,48 lt. D. 6,72 lt.

Cu 71: Cho 61,2 gam hn hp X gm Cu v Fe3O4 tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 long, un nng
v khuy u. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 3,36 lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy
nht, ktc), dung dch Y v cn li 2,4 gam kim loi. C cn dung dch Y, thu c m gam mui
khan. Gi tr ca m l :
A. 97,5. B. 108,9. C. 137,1. D. 151,5.
Cu 72: Ha tan ht hn hp gm a mol FeS2 v 0,1 mol Cu2S trong dung dch HNO3 long, ch
thu c hai mui sunfat v c kh NO thot ra. Gi tr ca a l :
A. 0,1. B. 0,15. C. 0,2. D. 0,25.
Cu 73: em nung hn hp A gm hai kim loi : x mol Fe v 0,15 mol Cu trong khng kh mt
thi gian, thu c 63,2 gam hn hp B, gm hai kim loi trn v hn hp cc oxit ca chng. em
ha tan ht lng hn hp B trn bng dung dch H2SO4 m c, th thu c 0,3 mol SO2. Gi tr
ca x l :
Cu 74: Cho 11,2 gam hn hp Cu v kim loai M tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c 3,136 lt
(ktc). Cng lng hn hp ny cho tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO3 long thu c 3,92 lt kh
NO ( ktc, sn phm kh duy nht). Kim loi M l :
A. Mg. B. Fe. C. Mg hoc Fe. D. Mg hoc Zn.
Cu 75: Thc hin hai th nghim:
1) Cho 3,84 gam Cu phn ng vi 80 ml dung dch HNO3 1M thot ra V1 lt NO.
2) Cho 3,84 gam Cu phn ng vi 80 ml dung dch cha HNO3 1M v H2SO4 0,5 M thot V2
lt NO. Bit NO l sn phm kh duy nht, cc th tch kh o cng iu kin. Quan h gia V1 v
V2 l :
A. V2 = V1. B. V2 = 2V1. C. V2 = 2,5V1. D. V2 = 1,5V1.
Cu 76: Cho 6,4 gam bt Cu tc dng vi 150 ml dung dch hn hp gm HNO3 0,8M v H2SO4
0,2M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, sinh ra V lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc).
Gi tr ca V l :
A. 1,008. B. 0,746. C. 0,672. D. 0,448.
Cu 77: Cho m gam bt kim loi ng vo 200 ml dung dch HNO3 2M, c kh NO thot ra.
ha tan va ht cht rn, cn thm tip 100 ml dung dch HCl 0,8M vo na, ng thi cng c kh
NO thot ra. Gi tr ca m l :
Cu 78: Cho 26,88 gam bt Cu ha tan trong dung dch HNO3 long, ng trong mt cc. Sau khi
kt thc phn ng, c 4,48 lt kh NO (ktc) thot ra v cn li m gam cht khng tan. Thm tip t
t V ml dung HCl 3,2M vo cc ha tan va ht m gam cht khng tan, c kh NO thot ra. Gi
tr ca V l :
A. 100 ml. B. 200 ml. C. 50 ml. D. 150 ml.
Cu 79: Ho tan 19,2 gam Cu vo 500ml dung dch NaNO3 1M, sau thm vo 500 ml dung dch
HCl 2M vo. Kt thc phn ng thu c dung dch X v kh NO duy nht. Phi thm bao nhiu
ml dung dch NaOH 1M vo X kt ta ht ion Cu2+ ?
A. 600. B. 800. C. 530. D. 400.
Cu 80: Cho 3,2 gam Cu tc dng vi 100 ml dung dch hn hp HNO3 0,8M v H2SO4 0,2M, thu
c dung dch A v sn phm kh duy nht l kh NO. S gam mui khan thu c khi c cn
dung dch A l :
A. 7,9. B. 8,84. C. 5,64. D. 7,95.

Cu 81: Cho hn hp gm 6,4 gam Cu v 5,6 gam Fe vo cc ng dung dch HCl long d.
tc dng ht vi cc cht c trong cc sau phn ng cn t nht khi lng NaNO3 l (sn phm kh
duy nht l NO) :
Cu 82: Cho hn hp gm 1,12 gam Fe v 1,92 gam Cu vo 400 ml dung dch cha hn hp gm
H2SO4 0,5M v NaNO3 0,2M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch X cha
m gam mui v kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht). Cho V ml dung dch NaOH 1M vo dung dch X
th lng kt ta thu c l ln nht. Gi tr ti thiu ca V l :
A. 240. B. 120. C. 360. D. 400.
Cu 83: Ho tan 36 gam hn hp ng v oxit st t ( dng bt) theo t l mol 2 : 1 bng dung
dch HCl d, phn ng xong thu c dung dch X v cht rn Y. Khi lng cht rn Y l :
Cu 84: Cho 6,72 gam Fe vo 400 ml dung dch HNO3 1M, n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu
c kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht) v dung dch X. Dung dch X c th ho tan ti a m gam
Cu. Gi tr ca m l :
A. 1,92. B. 3,20. C. 0,64. D. 3,84.
Cu 85: Cho 11,6 gam FeCO3 tc dng va vi dung dch HNO3 thu c hn hp kh (CO2,
NO) v dung dch X Thm dung dch HCl d vo dung dch X, thu c dung dch Y. Dung dch Y
ho tan c ti a bao nhiu gam bt Cu (bit c kh NO bay ra) ?
A. 28,8 gam. B. 16 gam. C. 48 gam. D. 32 gam.
Cu 86: Cho mt lng bt Zn vo dung dch X gm FeCl2 v CuCl2. Khi lng cht rn sau khi
cc phn ng xy ra hon ton nh hn khi lng bt Zn ban u l 0,5 gam. C cn phn dung
dch sau phn ng thu c 13,6 gam mui khan. Tng khi lng cc mui trong X l :
Cu 87: Ngm mt inh st vo 200 ml dung dch CuSO4 1M, sau mt thi gian thy khi lng
inh st tng 0,8 gam. Khi lng ng to ra l :
Cu 88: Nhng mt thanh st nng 100 gam vo 100 ml dung dch hn hp gm Cu(NO3)2 0,2M
v AgNO3 0,2M. Sau mt thi gian ly thanh kim loi ra, ra sch lm kh cn c 101,72 gam
(gi thit cc kim loi to thnh u bm vo thanh st). Khi lng st phn ng l :
Cu 89: Cho m1 gam Al vo 100 ml dung dch gm Cu(NO3)2 0,3M v AgNO3 0,3M. Sau khi cc
phn ng xy ra hon ton th thu c m2 gam cht rn X. Nu cho m2 gam X tc dng vi lng
d dung dch HCl th thu c 0,336 lt kh ( ktc). Gi tr ca m1 v m2 ln lt l :
A. 8,10 v 5,43. B. 1,08 v 5,43. C. 1,08 v 5,16. D. 0,54 v 5,16.
Cu 90: Nhng mt l kim loi M (ch c ho tr hai trong hp cht) c khi lng 50 gam vo 200
ml dung dch AgNO31M cho n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton. Lc dung dch, em c cn thu
c 18,8 gam mui khan. Kim loi M l :
A. Mg. B. Cu. C. Zn. D. Fe.
Cu 91: Cho hn hp gm 4,2 gam Fe v 6 gam Cu vo dung dch HNO3 sau phn ng thu thu
c 0,896 lt kh NO. Cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, khi lng mui thu c l :
A. 5,4 gam. B. 11gam. C. 10,8 gam. D. 11,8 gam.

Cu 92: Cho dung dch HNO3 long vo mt cc thy tinh c ng 5,6 gam Fe v 9,6 gam Cu.
Khuy u phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c dung dch X, 3,136 lt kh NO thot ra (ktc) v
cn li m gam cht khng tan.
a. Gi tr ca m l :
b. Khi lng mui thu c khi c cn dung dch X l :
Cu 93: Cho m gam bt Fe vo 800 ml dung dch hn hp gm Cu(NO3)2 0,2M v H2SO4 0,25M.
Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 0,6m gam hn hp bt kim loi v V lt kh NO
(sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Gi tr ca m v V ln lt l :
A. 10,8 v 2,24. B. 10,8 v 4,48. C. 17,8 v 4,48. D. 17,8 v 2,24.
Cu 94: in phn dung dch CuCl2 vi in cc tr, sau mt thi gian thu c 0,32 gam Cu
catot v mt lng kh X ant. Hp th hon ton lng kh X trn vo 200 ml dung dch NaOH
( nhit thng). Sau phn ng, nng NaOH cn li l 0,05M (gi thit th tch dung dch
khng thay i). Nng ban u ca dung dch NaOH l :
A. 0,2M. B. 0,1M. C. 0,15M. D. 0,05M.
Cu 95: Sau mt thi gian in phn 500 ml dung dch CuSO4 thu c 1,344 lt kh (ktc) thot ra
anot. Ngm thanh Al nh sch trong dung dch sau in phn phn ng xong thy khi lng
thanh Al tng 6,12 gam. CM ca dung dch CuSO4 ban u l :
A. 0,553. B. 0,6 C. 0,506. D. kt qu khc.
Cu 96: Sau khi in phn 200 ml dung dch CuSO4 (d =1,25 gam/ml). Sau mt thi gian khi
lng dung dch gim 8 gam, dung dch sau in phn tc dng va vi 1,12 lt kh H2S (ktc).
Nng phn trm v nng CM ca dung dch u l :
A. 9,6% ; 0,65M. B. 9,6% ; 0,75M. C. 6,9% ; 0,75M. D. Kt qu khc.
Cu 97: Sau khi in phn dung dch CuCl2 vi anot lm bng Cu mt thi gian thy khi lng
catot tng 3,2 gam khi anot c :
A. 1,12 lt kh Cl2 thot ra. B. 0,056 lt kh O2 thot ra.
C. 0,1 mol Cu tan vo dung dch. D. 0,05 mol Cu tan vo dung dch.
Cu 98: Trn 47 gam Cu(NO3)2 vi 17 gam AgNO3 v 155,6 gam nc c dung dch A. in
phn dung dch A cho n khi khi lng dung dch gim 19,6 gam. Nng ca Cu(NO3)2 cn li
l :
A. 13,35%. B. 13,55%. C. 13,75%. D. 14,1%.
Cu 99: in phn c mng ngn 500 ml dung dch cha hn hp gm CuCl2 0,1M v NaCl 0,5M
A. 4,05. B. 2,70. C. 1,35. D. 5,40.
Cu 100: Ha tan 32 gam CuSO4 vo 200 gam dung dch HCl 3,285% thu c dung dch X. Ly
1/3 lng dung dch X em in phn vi in cc tr c mng ngn vi cng dng in
I=1,34 A trong 2 gi. Bit hiu sut in phn l 100%. Khi lng kim loi thot ra catot v th
tch kh (ktc) thot ra anot ln lt l :
A. 1,18 gam v 1,172 lt. B. 3,2 gam v 0,896 lt.
C. 1,30 gam v 1,821 lt. D. 2,01 gam v 2,105 lt.
Cu 101*: in phn 200 ml dung dch Cu(NO3)2 n khi bt u c kh thot ra catot th ngng.
yn dung dch cho n khi khi lng khng i th khi lng catot tng 3,2 gam so vi lc
cha in phn. nng mol/l ca dung dch Cu(NO3)2 trc phn ng l :
A. 0,5M. B. 0,9M. C. 1M. D. 1,5M.

Cu 102: in phn dung dch X cha 0,4 mol M(NO3)2 v 1 mol NaNO3 vi in cc tr trong
thi gian 48 pht 15 giy thu c 11,52 gam kim loi M v 2,016 lt kh (ktc) ti anot. Kim loi
M l :
A. Mg. B. Zn. C. Ni. D. Cu.
Cu 103: in phn dung dch mui nitrat ca kim loi M, dng in cc tr, cng dng in
2A. Sau thi gian in phn 4 gi 1 pht 15 giy, khng thy kh to catot. Khi lng catot tng
9,6 gam. S in phn c hiu sut 100%, ion kim loi b kh to thnh kim loi bm ht vo catot.
M l kim loi no ?
A. Km. B. St. C. Nhm. D. ng.
Cu 104: Nung mt lng mui Cu(NO3)2. Sau mt thi gian dng li, ngui v em cn th
khi lng gim i 54 gam. Khi lng Cu(NO3)2 b phn hu l :
A. 0,49 gam. B.18,8 gam. C. 0,94 gam D. 94 gam.
Cu 105: Cho 31,6 gam hn hp Cu v Cu(NO3)2 v mt bnh kn khng cha khng kh ri nung
bnh nhit cao phn ng xy ra hon ton, khi lng cht rn gim 9,2 gam so vi ban u.
Cho cht rn ny tc dng vi HNO3 thy c NO thot ra. Khi lng Cu trong hn hp u l :
A. 18,8. B. 12,8. C. 11,6. D. 15,7.
Cu 106: Nung 6,58 gam Cu(NO3)2 trong bnh kn khng cha khng kh, sau mt thi gian thu
c 4,96 gam cht rn v hn hp kh X. Hp th hon ton X vo nc c 300 ml dung
dch Y. Dung dch Y c pH bng :
A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 1.
Cu 107: Nhit phn hon ton 34,65 gam hn hp gm KNO3 v Cu(NO3)2, thu c hn hp kh
X (t khi ca X so vi H2 l 18,8). Khi lng ca Cu(NO3)2 trong hn hp l :
Cu 108: Nhit phn hon ton 9,4 gam 1 mui nitrat kim loi thu c 4 gam cht rn oxit. CTPT
ca mui l :
A. Fe(NO3)3. B. Cu(NO3)2. C. KNO3. D. AgNO3.
Cu 109: Thi mt lung kh CO d qua hn hp Fe2O3 v CuO nung nng n phn ng hon
ton thu c 3,04 g cht rn. Kh thot ra sc vo bnh nc vi trong d thy c 5 gam kt ta.
Khi lng (gam) hn hp ban u l :
A. 3,48. B. 3,84. C. 3,82. D. 3,28.
Cu 110: Cho lung kh hiro c d qua ng s c ng 9,6 gam bt ng(II) oxit un nng. Cho
dng kh v hi thot ra cho hp th vo bnh B ng mui ng(II) sunfat khan c d ng(II)
sunfat khan hp th ht cht m n hp th c. Sau th nghim, thy khi lng bnh B tng thm
1,728 gam. Hiu sut ng(II) oxit b kh bi hiro l :
A. 50% B. 60%. C. 70%. D. 80%.
Cu 111: Cho kh CO qua ng ng a gam hn hp gm CuO, Fe3O4, FeO, Al2O3 nung nng. Kh
thot ra c cho vo nc vi trong d thy c 30 gam kt ta trng. Sau phn ng, cht rn trong
ng s c khi lng 202 gam. Khi lng a gam ca hn hp cc oxit ban u l :
Cu 112: Cho lung kh CO (d) i qua 9,1 gam hn hp CuO v Al2O3 nung nng n khi phn
ng hon ton, thu c 8,3 gam cht rn. Khi lng CuO c trong hn hp ban u l :
Cu 113: Cho lung kh CO d i qua m g hn hp X gm CuO, Fe2O3 nung nng. Sau khi phn
ng xy ra hon ton thy khi lng cht rn gim 4,8 gam. Th tch dung dch H2SO4 2M ti
thiu ho tan ht m gam hn hp X l :
A. 150 ml. B. 200 ml. C. 250 ml. D. 100 ml.

Cu 114: Trong cng nghip sn xut Cu. Khi nung qung pirit ng trong khng kh xy ra phn
ng:
o
t
2CuFeS2 + 4O2 Cu2S + 2FeO + 3SO2
Th tch khng kh (ktc) cn dng t chy ht 1 tn qung pirit ng l :
A. 121,74.104 lt. B. 194,78104 lt. C. 40,695.104 lt. D. 24,348.104 lt.
Cu 115: Ho tan ht m gam ZnSO4 vo nc c dung dch X. Cho 140 ml dung dch KOH 2M
vo X, thu c 10,89 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l :
A. 22,540. B. 17,710. C. 12,375. D. 20,125.
Cu 116: Ho tan hon ton m gam ZnSO4 vo nc c dung dch X. Nu cho 110 ml dung dch
KOH 2M vo X th thu c 3a gam kt ta. Mt khc, nu cho 140 ml dung dch KOH 2M vo X
th thu c 2a gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l :
A. 32,20. B. 24,15. C. 17,71. D. 16,10.
Cu 117: Cho m gam hn hp bt X gm ba kim loi Zn, Cr, Sn c s mol bng nhau tc dng ht
vi lng d dung dch HCl long, nng thu c dung dch Y v kh H2. C cn dung dch Y thu
c 8,98 gam mui khan. Nu cho m gam hn hp X tc dng hon ton vi O2 (d) to hn
hp 3 oxit th th tch kh O2 (ktc) phn ng l :
A. 2,016 lt. B. 0,672 lt. C. 1,344 lt. D. 1,008 lt.
Cu 118: Ha tan hon ton 14,6 gam hn hp X gm Al v Sn bng dung dch HCl (d), thu c
5,6 lt kh H2 ( ktc). Th tch kh O2 ( ktc) cn phn ng hon ton vi 14,6 gam hn hp X
l :
A. 3,92 lt. B. 1,68 lt. C. 2,80 lt. D. 4,48 lt.
Cu 119: Nung nng m gam PbS ngoi khng kh sau mt thi gian di, thu c hn hp rn (c
cha mt oxit) nng 0,95m gam. Phn trm khi lng PbS b t chy l :
A. 74,69%. B. 95,00%. C. 25,31%. D. 64,68%.

Ngi m i lc
(Dn tr) - ng ph gi tan tm ng nh mc ci. C chic taxi c c tt st vo l ng, ni

ch ngi ca mt b lo n xin.
Ngi thanh nin li xe ch kp b vi ng 5 xu vo ci nn m ca b c ri li vi v nh xe i,
trnh nhng ting ci xe ng sau inh i.
Ngi khch ngi gh khng ht ngc nhin v hnh ng him gp y trong cuc sng x b m
dng nh ai cng c t thi gian hn quan tm n nhng iu nh nhoi xung quanh.
- Anh vn thng lm th khi gp bt c ngi n xin no ?
- Cng khng hn. Ch nhng lc ti c sn tin l v khng vi.
- Ti thy t m v trong x hi ny, ngi giu rt nhiu, nhng ngi ta
V khch khng ni tip v ngh rng ngi thanh nin c th hiu c mnh nh ni g. p li
thc mc l n ci hin hu ca ngi thanh nin qua gng chiu hu.
- Anh c th gii thch cho ti c khng? Ti rt t m. D sao th on ng chng ta i cng

kh di.
Ra khi nt giao thng, ngi thanh nin bt u k chuyn mnh vi ging trm m, cm gic nh
ca mt ngi tng tri v im m.
Ti l mt a tr b b ri, khng c gia nh, cng khng bit b m mnh l ai. Ch bit cho ti
khi ln ln, ti gi mt ngi n b b tm thn l m. Nghe hng xm k rng, ngy , khi m
nht ti v nui, ti gy guc en a nh con mo hen. M nht c ti u th khng ai bit.
Sau ngy a ti v, i u b cng mang ti theo. Cng nh ci ngh xin n thin h ca m m ti
c nh ngy hm nay. Cho n gi ti vn khng l gii ni ti sao mt ngi n b tm thn,
xin n ngy quyt nh o bng thm mt a tr khng bit t u ra.
Ti sng vi m gn 16 nm nh sng vi ngi thn rut tht duy nht trong i mnh. Ti c
th kim tin nui m v khng cho m i xin n na. Nhng bnh ca m ti ngy cng nng. B
thng trn nh i, c khi 3 ngy mi v. Mt hm khi i lm v, ti khng thy m nh. Ti tm
mi cch nhng khng sao tm thy m. Bao nhiu nm qua, ti khng chuyn ch , hi vng mt
ngy no m li tr v
Cu chuyn ngi thanh nin k va dt th tri bt u ma. C hai ngi ngi trong chic taxi
u lng im khng ai ni li no. Bn ngoi, bng dng nhng b m ang i ma tr v vi
nhng a con.

CHUYN 4 : PHN BIT MT S CHT V C, CHUN

DUNG DCH, HO HC V VN PHT
TRIN KINH T, X HI, MI TRNG
BI 1 : PHN BIT MT S CHT V C
A. L THUYT
PHN 1 : NHN BIT MT S CATION TRONG DUNG DCHI
I. Nguyn tc chung nhn bit mt s cation trong dung dch
nhn bit mt ion trong dung dch, ngi ta thm vo dung dch mt thuc th to vi ion
mt sn phm c trng nh : mt cht kt ta, mt hp cht c mu hoc mt cht kh kh tan
si bt, bay khi dung dch.
II. Nhn bit cc cation Na+ v NH4+
1. Nhn bit cation Na+
Hu ht cc hp cht ca natri tan nhiu trong nc v khng c mu, nn ngi ta khng dng
phn ng ho hc nhn bit ion Na+ m dng phng php vt l th mu ngn la nh sau :
t mt t mui rn ln dy platin hnh khuyn hoc nhng dy platin vo dung dch mui natri
ri a u dy vo ngn la n kh khng mu, thy ngn la nhum mu vng ti. Tuy
nhin, khng kh trong trong phng th nghim thng c bi, trong bi nhiu khi c vt mui natri
nn ta thy ngn la c mu vng. V vy, trc khi tin hnh th ta nhng dy platin nhiu ln vo
dung dch HCl sch v ch kt lun trong dung dch c mt ion Na+ khi ngn la c mu vng ti.
2. Nhn bit cation NH4+
Thm lng d dung dch kim NaOH hoc KOH vo dung dch cha ion amoni ri un nng
nh, kh NH3 s c gii phng :
to
NH4+ + OH- NH3 + H2O
Ta nhn ra kh bng mi khai ca n hoc s i mu ca mu giy qu tm tm t bng
nc ct (mu tm i sang mu xanh).
III. Nhn bit cc cation Ba2+
nhn bit cation Ba2+ v tch n khi dung dch ngi ta dng dung dch H2SO4 long, thuc
th ny to vi ion Ba2+ kt ta mu trng khng tan trong thuc th d.
Ba 2 + + SO24
BaSO 4
nhn bit cation ny ta dng dung dch thuc th K2CrO4 hoc K2Cr2O7:
Ba2+ + CrO42- BaCrO4
2+ 2-
2Ba + Cr2O7 + H2O 2BaCrO4 + 2H+
mu vng ti
3+ 3+
IV. Nhn bit cc cation Al , Cr
c tnh chung ca 2 cation ny l to nn cc hiroxit lng tnh. V vy, khi thm t t cc
dung dch kim vo cc dung dch cha chng, u tin cc hiroxit M(OH)3 kt ta, sau kt ta
ny tan trong thuc th d :
Al3+ + 3OH
Al(OH)3
Al(OH)3 + OH
[Al(OH)4]

Cr3+ + 3OH
Cr(OH)3
mu xanh

Cr(OH)3 + OH [Cr(OH)4]

mu xanh
V. Nhn bit cc cation Fe , Fe3+, Cu2+, Ni2+
2+
1. Nhn bit cation Fe3+

Thuc th c trng ca ion Fe3+ l dung dch cha ion thioxianat SCN-, n to vi ion Fe3+
cc ion phc cht c mu mu :
Fe3+ + 3SCN- Fe(SCN)3
Cho dung dch kim NaOH, KOH hoc NH3 vo dung dch cha Fe3+, kt ta Fe(OH)3 mu
nu s to thnh :
Fe3+ + 3OH-
Fe(OH)3
mu nu
2+
2. Nhn bit cation Fe
Cho dung dch kim OH- hoc NH3 vo dung dch Fe2+ th kt ta Fe(OH)2 mu trng hi xanh
s to thnh. Ngay sau , trong dung dch kt ta ny tip xc vi oxi khng kh v b oxi ho
thnh Fe(OH)3 :
4Fe(OH)2 + O2 + 2H2O 4Fe(OH)3
V vy, kt ta ang t mu trng hi xanh, chuyn dn sang mu vng ri cui cng thnh mu
nu .
Cc dung dch cha Fe2+ lm mt mu dung dch thuc tm c mt ion H+ ca mi trng axit :
MnO4- + 5Fe2+ + 8H+ Mn2+
+ 5Fe3+ + 4H2O
mu tm hng khng mu
2+
3. Nhn bit cation Cu
Thuc th c trng ca ion Cu2+ l dung dch NH3. Dung dch thuc th u tin to vi ion
Cu2+ kt ta Cu(OH)2 mu xanh, sau kt ta ny b ho tan trong thuc th d to thnh ion
phc [Cu(NH3)4]2+ c mu xanh thm c trng :
Cu2+ + 2NH3 + 2H2O
Cu(OH)2 + 2NH4+
Cu(OH)2 + 4NH3 [Cu(NH3)4]2+ + 2OH-

mu xanh lam
2+
4. Nhn bit cation Ni
Cc dung dch mui niken (u c mu xanh l cy) tc dng vi cc dung dch NaOH, KOH to
thnh kt ta hiroxit Ni(OH)2 mu xanh lc, khng tan trong thuc th d, nhng tan c trong
dung dch NH3 to thnh ion phc mu xanh :
Ni2+ + 2OH-
Ni(OH)2
mu xanh lc
Ni(OH)2 + 6NH3 [Ni(NH3)6]2+ + 2OH-

mu xanh
PHN 2 : NHN BIT MT S ANION TRONG DUNG DCH
Nhn xt chung :
Khi nhn bit cc ion trong dung dch, cn nh rng s c mt ca mt s ion trong dung dch
cn ph thuc vo s c mt ca cc ion khc c kh nng phn ng vi chng.

1. Nhn bit anion NO3-

Nu trong dung dch khng c cc anion c kh nng oxi ho mnh th c th dng bt Cu hoc
vi mu l Cu mng v mi trng axit ca axit sunfuric long nhn bit anion NO3 :
3Cu + 2NO3 + 8H+ 3Cu2+ + 2 NO + 4H2O

Bt Cu tan ra to thnh dung dch mu xanh lam, kh NO khng mu bay ln gp kh oxi ca
khng kh, to thnh kh NO2 c mu nu .
2NO + O2 2NO2
(mu nu )
2-
2. Nhn bit anion SO4
Thuc th c trng cho anion ny l dung dch BaCl2 trong mi trng axit long d (HCl
hoc HNO3 long) :
Ba2+ + SO42-
BaSO4
Mi trng axit d l cn thit, v mt lot anion nh : CO32-, PO43-, SO32-, HPO42- cng cho kt
ta trng vi ion Ba2+, nhng cc kt ta u tan trong cc dung dch HCl hoc HNO3 long,
ring BaSO4 khng tan.
3. Nhn bit anion Cl-
Thuc th c trng ca anion ny l dung dch bc nitrat AgNO3 trong mi trng HNO3
long:
Ag+ + Cl- AgCl
- -
Cc anion Br , I cng cho phn ng tng t, to thnh cc kt ta AgBr v AgI tng ng c
tan nh hn AgCl nhiu. Tuy nhin, khc vi AgBr v AgI, AgCl tan c trong dung dch NH3
long :
AgCl + 2NH3 [Ag(NH3)2]+ + Cl-
nn c th dng dung dch NH3 long tch AgCl ra khi hn hp vi AgBr v AgI.
4. Nhn bit anion CO32
Axit H2CO3 l axit rt yu, d bay hi, d dng phn hu ngay ti nhit phng:
H2CO3
CO2 + H2O
V vy, anion CO32 ch tn ti trong cc dung dch baz, CO2 rt t tan trong nc, nn khi axit
ho dung dch CO32- bng cc dung dch axit mnh (HCl, H2SO4 long) th CO2 s gii phng ra
khi dung dch, gy si bt kh mnh. Nu dng dng c c bit ng lng d nc vi trong, ta
s quan st c s to thnh kt ta trng CaCO3 lm vn c nc vi trong :
CO32- + 2H+
CO2 + H2O
CO2 + Ca(OH)2
CaCO3 + H2O
PHN 2 : NHN BIT MT S CHT KH

I. Nguyn tc chung nhn bit kh
nhn bit mt cht kh, ngi ta c th da vo tnh cht vt l hoc tnh cht ho hc c
trng ca n. Th d, c th da vo mi trng thi c bit ca H2S nhn ra kh ny, hoc nhn
ra kh NH3 bng mi khai c trng ca n.
II. Nhn bit mt s cht kh
1. Nhn bit kh CO2
Kh CO2 khng mu, khng mi, nng hn khng kh, rt t tan trong nc, nn khi to thnh t
dung dch nc n si bt kh mnh v c trng.
CO32- + 2H+
CO2 + H2O
HCO3- + 2H+ CO2 + H2O
hp th kh CO2, ngi ta thng dng bnh ng lng d dung dch Ba(OH)2 hoc lng
d dung dch Ca(OH)2. Kh CO2 b hp th ng thi to thnh kt ta trng:
CO2 + Ba(OH)2(d) BaCO3 + H2O
2. Nhn bit kh SO2
Kh SO2 khng mu, nng hn khng kh, c mi hc, gy ngt v c, lm vn c nc vi
trong nh CO2.
Thuc th tt nht hp th kh SO2 ng thi nhn bit n v phn bit n vi kh CO2 l
dung dch brom d hoc dung dch iot d u c mu nu :
SO2 + Br2 + 2 H2O
H2SO4 + 2HBr
SO2 + I2 + 2H2O H2SO4 + 2HI
V vy, kh SO2 lm nht mu dung dch brom hoc dung dch iot.
3. Nhn bit kh Cl2
Kh Cl2 c mu vng lc, nng hn khng kh, mi hc, c, t tan trong nc. Ta c th nhn ra
mt lng kh clo rt nh c trong khng kh bng mi hc rt c bit ca n.
Dng giy tm KI v h tinh bt thm t nhn ra kh clo (cng nh dng giy nhn
bit ozon) :
Cl2 + 2KI 2KCl + I2
I2 to vi h tinh bt mt hn hp c mu xanh.
4. Nhn bit kh NO2
NO2 nng hn khng kh, mu nu , c, t tan trong nc v phn ng c vi nc to
thnh HNO3 :
4NO2 + O2 + 2H2O 4HNO3
Nhn ra HNO3 bng bt Cu.
5. Nhn bit kh H2S
H2S l kh khng mu, nng hn khng kh, c mi trng thi v c. Lng rt nh kh H2S c
trong khng kh cng d dng nhn ra nh mi trng thi kh chu ca n. Kh H2S d to kt ta
sunfua c mu vi cc dung dch ca nhiu mui ngay trong mi trng axit :
H2S + Cu2+
CuS + 2H+
(mu en)
H2S + Pb2+ PbS + 2H+
(mu en)
Do , c th dng ming giy lc tm dung dch mui Pb2+ axetat khng mu nhn bit s
c mt ca kh ny (phn ng trn xy ra to thnh kt ta mu en trn ming giy lc c tm
mui Pb2+ c thm t bng nc).
6. Nhn bit kh NH3
NH3 l kh khng mu, nh hn khng kh, tan nhiu trong nc, c mi khai c trng, kch
thch mt v h thng h hp rt mnh. Lng rt nh kh ny trong khng kh cng khin ta nhn
ra ngay bng mi khai rt c trng ca n.
NH3 tan nhiu trong nc v l mt baz yu, nn dng ming giy qu tm thm t bng
nc ct c th nhn bit c kh NH3 trong khng kh. Khi mu tm ca giy qu chuyn
thnh xanh, cng vi mi khai ca kh. Phn ng ny khng nh s c mt ca NH3 trong khng
kh.
BI 2 : CHUN DUNG DCH
A. L THUYT
PHN 1 : CHUN AXIT BAZ
I. Phng php phn tch chun
Phng php phn tch chun l phng php ho hc nh lng, da trn s o th tch
dung dch thuc th c nng bit phn ng vi mt th tch xc nh ca cht trong dung
dch c nng cha bit cn xc nh. S tin hnh phn ng xc nh nng ca dung dch
gi l s chun .
Trong phng php phn tch chun , ngi ta dng nhiu loi phn ng ho hc nh phn
ng trung ho, phn ng oxi ho - kh v ly tn ca cc loi phn ng t tn cho phng
php, nn ta c phng php chun axit - baz, phng php chun oxi ho - kh.
Ch : Khi chun , mi php chun tin hnh ba ln ly kt qu trung bnh ca ba ln
.
1. S chun . Cc dng c trong phn tch chun
Trong phn tch chun , dung dch thuc th bit chnh xc nng gi l dung dch
chun. Khi chun ngi ta thm t t dung dch chun ng trong buret vo dung dch cn xc
nh nng ng trong bnh tam gic. Thi im m cht cn xc nh nng va tc dng ht
vi dung dch chun gi l im tng ng. nhn bit im tng ng, ngi ta dng
nhng cht gy ra nhng hin tng m ta d quan st c bng mt nh s i mu, s xut hin
kt ta c mu hoc lm c dung dch xy ra ti im tng ng hoc st im tng ng,
nhng cht gi l cht ch th. Cht ch th cho php ta ngng thm dung dch chun vo kt
thc chun . Thi im kt thc chun l im cui.
Da vo phng trnh ho hc ca phn ng chun , th tch, nng dung dch chun
dng v th tch dung dch cn xc nh nng ta xc nh c nng mol ca n.
2. Dng c trong phn tch
Buret : l mt ng thy tinh hnh tr nh c khc theo chiu di, u di ca n c
tht li v c lp mt kho thu tinh iu khin cho dung dch chun chy ra t t theo tng
git ni tip nhau.
Pipet : ly mt th tch chnh xc dung dch cht cn phn tch (cht cn chun ), ngi ta
dng mt dng c gi l pipet. Pipet l ng thu tinh di, b c ch to phnh ra khong gia,
mt u c ko di. ng c vch mc. Mt s pipet c dng xilanh. Th tch cht lng cha
trong pipet c biu din bng ml v c ghi trn thnh ngoi ch phn phnh ra. Cc pipet
dng xilanh c khc chnh xc ti 0,1 ml.
Thao tc khi chun : Tay phi cm bnh tam gic, lc nh dung dch trong n bng cch
xoay vng mt cch nh nhng, tay tri iu khin kho buret thm t t tng git dung dch
chun ri lin tip vo bnh tam gic.
II. Chun axit - baz
1. Nguyn tc chung
Chun axit baz, hay cn gi l chun trung ho, l phng php phn tch chun
c s dng rt rng ri xc nh nng cc dung dch axit v cc dung dch baz. Trong
phng php ny ngi ta dng dung dch kim (NaOH hoc KOH) bit chnh xc nng lm
dung dch chun chun dung dch axit v dng dung dch axit mnh (HCl, H2SO4, HNO3)
bit chnh xc nng chun dung dch baz. Thc cht cc phn ng chun l phn ng
trung ho. V d, chun dung dch HCl cha bit nng bng dung dch chun NaOH :
HCl + NaOH
NaCl + H2O (1)

Chun dung dch CH3COOH bng dung dch chun NaOH :

CH3COOH + NaOH CH3COONa + H2O (2)
Chun dung dch NH3 bng dung dch chun HCl :
NH3 + HCl NH4Cl (3)
Trong qu trnh chun , pH ca dung dch thay i lin tc. Ti im tng ng, tc l thi
im m dung dch chun va trung ho ht dung dch axit hoc baz cn chun , pH ca dung
dch ph thuc vo bn cht ca axit hoc baz cn chun v nng ca chng. Vi phn ng
(1), pH ti im tng ng l pH ca dung dch NaCl bng 7,0 v khng ph thuc vo nng
ca NaCl. pH ti im tng ng ca phn ng (2) l pH ca dung dch CH3COONa (baz yu),
nn pH ln hn 7. pH ti im tng ng ca phn ng (3) l pH ca dung dch NH4Cl (l
axit yu), nn pH nh hn 7.
nhn ra im tng ng ca phn ng chun , ngi ta dng cht ch th gi l cht ch
th axit baz hay cht ch th pH. l axit hu c hoc baz hu c yu c mu sc ca phn t
v ca ion khc nhau, nn mu ca cht ch th ph thuc vo pH ca dung dch.
Bng sau y ghi khong pH i mu ca 3 cht ch th thng c s dng nhiu trong chun
axit- baz.
Tn cht ch th Khong pH i mu Mu dng axit - dng baz
Metyl da cam 3,1 4,4 Vng
Metyl 4,2 6,3 Vng
Phenolphtalein 8,3 10,0 Khng mu
Vi mi phn ng chun axit baz ngi ta chn cht ch th no c khong pH i mu
trng hoc rt st vi pH ca im tng ng ca s chun .
Khi chun trnh nhng sai s ln, ngi ta dng cc dung dch chun c nng gn vi
nng ca dung dch cht cn xc nh. V d, gi s phi chun 20,00 ml dung dch HCl
0,100M bng dung dch chun NaOH. Trong trng hp ny ta khng nn dng dung dch NaOH
c nng ln, th d 1,00M. Trong trng hp ny im tng ng s t c khi thm vo
0,100
20,00. = 2,00 (ml) dung dch NaOH 1,00M. Trong trng hp , nu khi cho d 1 git dung
1,00
0, 05
dch chun c th tch 0,05ml th sai s s l .100 = 2, 5% . V th, ta nn dng dung dch
2
NaOH 0,100M chun th khng mc cc sai s ln.
2. Chun dung dch HCl bng dung dch chun NaOH
Trc ht ta hy xt s bin thin pH trong qu trnh chun . Gi s ta chun Vml dung
dch HCl nng Co mol/l bng dung dch chun NaOH nng C mol/l.
Phn ng chun :
HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O (1)
Trc im tng ng, khi thm V ml dung dch NaOH vo, nng ion H+ c tnh theo
C V CV
cng thc : [H + ] = o o (2)
V + Vo
Ti im tng ng, ta c dung dch NaCl c pH = 7.
Sau im tng ng, tc l khi thm vo lng d dung dch NaOH, th :
C V CV
[OH ] = o o (3)
V + Vo
pOH = - lg [OH-] ; pH = 14 pOH (4)

V d, p dng cc cng thc trn, khi chun 100 ml dung dch HCl 0,100M bng dung dch
chun NaOH 0,100M, ta tnh c pH trong qu trnh thm dn dung dch chun NaOH vo v cc
kt qu c ghi trong bng sau :
VNaOH 0 10 50 90 99 99,9 100 100,1 101 110
pH 1 1,1 1,48 2,28 3,30 4,30 7,0 9,70 10,7 11,68
Nh vy, xung quanh im tng ng c mt s thay i pH rt t ngt : Khi thm 99,9 ml
NaOH vo tc l khi chun 99,9% lng axit th pH ca dung dch bng 4,3. Khi thm vo
100,1 ml NaOH tc l khi chun qu 0,1% th pH ca dung dch bng 9,7 tc l bc nhy
pH l 5,4 n v pH. Nu ta chn cc cht ch th no c khong i mu nm trong khong t 4,3
n 9,7 kt thc chun th sai s khng vt qu 0,1%. Ta thy trong trng hp ny c th
dng c 3 cht ch th metyl da cam, metyl v phenolphtalein lm cht ch th.
Cch chun : Ly dung dch chun NaOH vo buret. Ly dung dch HCl cn xc nh nng
vo bnh tam gic sch (dng pipet). Thm vo 1 - 2 git cht ch th, th d phenolphtalein.
Thm t t dung dch chun vo n khi dung dch cht ch th chuyn mu t khng mu sang mu
hng th kt thc. c th tch dung dch chun tiu tn.
Cch tnh: Nng mol ca dung dch HCl c tnh theo cng thc
VNaOH .C NaOH
C HCl =
VHCl
PHN 2 : CHUN OXI HO - KH BNG PHNG PHP PEMANGANAT
Phng php chun pemanganat hay cn gi l php o pemanganat l phng php c s

dng kh ph bin chun dung dch ca nhiu cht kh khc nhau trong mi trng axit
mnh, v trong mi trng ion MnO4- c tnh oxi ho mnh, n b kh v ion Mn2+ khng mu :
MnO4- + 5e + 8H+ Mn2+ + 4H2O

Do , c th dng dung dch chun KMnO4 c mu tm hng chun dung dch cht kh,
v d :
MnO4- + 5Fe2+ + 8H+ Mn2+ + 5Fe3+ + 4H2O

2MnO4- + 5H2O2+ 6H+ 2Mn2++ 5O2 + 8H2O
Trong php o ny ngi ta thng dng dung dch KMnO4 nng 0,02M lm dung dch
chun, dung dch H2SO4 3 - 4M to mi trng axit. Dung dch KMnO4 c th b phn hu di
tc dng ca nh sng, v vy, ngi ta dng dung dch chun trong cc chai bng thu tinh mu
nu c nt thu tinh mi nhm. Khi chun cc dung dch cc cht kh to thnh sn phm, thc
t khng c mu, chng hn, chun dung dch FeSO4 trong mi trng H2SO4 khng cn phi
dng phi dng cht ch th, v sau khi phn ng oxi ho va ht ion Fe2+, mt git dung dch
KMnO4 d s lm dung dch chuyn t khng mu sang mu hng.

BI 3 : HO HC V VN PHT TRIN KINH T,

X HI, MI TRNG
A. L THUYT
1. Vn nng lng v nhin liu
Vn v nng lng v v nhin liu ang t ra cho nhn loi hin nay l :
- Cc ngun nng lng, nhin liu ho thch nh du m, than , kh t nhin khng phi
l v tn m c gii hn v ngy cng cn kit.
- Khai thc v s dng nng lng ho thch cn l mt trong nhng nguyn nhn ch yu gy
nn nhim mi trng v lm thay i kh hu ton cu.
Ho hc gp phn gii quyt vn nng lng v nhin liu nh th no trong hin ti
v tng lai ?
Ho hc nghin cu gp phn sn xut v s dng ngun nhin liu, nng lng nhn to
thay th. Nh :
- iu ch kh metan trong l biogaz.
- iu ch etanol t crackinh du m thay th xng, du.
- Sn xut ra cht thay cho xng t ngun nguyn liu v tn l khng kh v nc.
- Sn xut kh than kh v kh than t t than v nc.
- Nng lng c sn sinh ra trong cc l phn ng ht nhn c s dng cho mc ch
ho bnh.
- Nng lng thu in, nng lng gi, nng lng mt tri, nng lng a nhit, nng
lng thu triu
- Nng lng in ho trong pin in ho hoc acquy.
2. Vn vt liu
Vn v vt liu ang t ra cho nhn loi l g ?
Cng vi s pht trin ca cc ngnh kinh t v khoa hc k thut, nhu cu ca nhn loi v cc
vt liu mi vi nhng tnh nng vt l v ho hc, sinh hc mi ngy cng cao.
Ho hc gp phn gii quyt vn v vt liu nh th no ?
- Vt liu c ngun gc v c.
- Vt liu c ngun gc hu c.
- Vt liu mi:
- Vt liu nano (cn gi l vt liu nanomet)
- Vt liu quang in t.
- Vt liu compozit.
3. Ho hc v vn thc phm
Vn lng thc, thc phm ang t ra thch thc ln cho nhn loi hin nay
- Dn s th gii ngy cng tng.
- Din tch trng trt ngy cng b thu hp.
- Vn vi phm v sinh an ton thc phm.
Ho hc gp phn gii quyt vn v lng thc, thc phm cho nhn loi nh : nghin
cu v sn xut cc cht ho hc c tc dng bo v, pht trin thc vt, ng vt:
- Sn xut cc loi phn bn ho hc.
- Tng hp ho cht c tc dng dit tr c di.
- Tng hp ho cht dit nm bnh,

- Sn xut nhng ho cht bo qun lng thc v thc phm.
- Nghin cu ch bin thc n tng hp.
4. Ho hc v vn may mc
Vn may mc ang t ra cho nhn loi hin nay l :
- Dn s th gii gia tng khng ngng, v vy t si t nhin khng th p ng nhu cu v
s lng cng nh cht lng.
- Nhu cu ca con ngi khng ch mc m, m cn mc p, hp thi trang.
Ho hc gp phn gii quyt vn may mc ca nhn loi nh :
- Gp phn sn xut ra t, si ho hc c nhiu u im ni bt.
- Sn xut nhiu loi phm nhum.
- Cc vt liu c bn ch to cc thit b chuyn dng trong cc nh my dt v trong ngnh
dt may.
5. Ho hc v vn sc khe con ngi
Dc phm
- Gp phn nghin cu thnh phn ho hc ca mt s dc liu t nhin.
- Nghin cu ra cc loi vacxin.
- Phng chng nhng cn bnh, nn dch ca th k.
- Thuc trnh thai.
- Thuc b dng c th.
Cht gy nghin, cht ma tu v cch phng chng ma tu (di dng nhng vin thuc tn
dc, bt trng dng ht, vin ung, dung dch tim chch).
- Nghin ma tu s dn n ri lon tm, sinh l, nh ri lon tiu ho, ri lon chc nng thn
kinh, ri lon tun hon, h hp. Tim chch ma tu c th gy try tim mch d dn n t vong.
- Ho hc nghin cu ma tu, s dng chng nh l mt loi thuc cha bnh.
- Lun ni khng vi ma tu.
6. Ho hc v vn nhim mi trng
Tc hi ca nhim mi trng (khng kh, t, nc) gy suy gim sc khe ca con ngi,
gy thay i kh hu ton cu, lm dit vong mt s loi sinh vt, Th d : hin tng thng tng
zn, hiu ng nh knh, ma axit,
nhim khng kh
Khng kh b nhim thng c cha qu mc cho php nng cc kh CO2, CH4 v mt s
kh c khc, th d CO, NH3, SO2, HCl, mt s vi khun gy bnh, bi,
nhim nc
Nc nhim thng c cha cc cht thi hu c, cc vi sinh vt gy bnh, cc cht dinh
dng thc vt, cc cht hu c tng hp, cc ho cht v c, cc cht phng x, cht c ho
hc,
nhim mi trng t
t b nhim c cha c t, cht c hi cho cy trng vt qu nng c quy nh.
Nhn bit mi trng b nhim
- Quan st qua mi, mu sc,
- Xc nh cht nhim bng cc thuc th.
- Bng dng c o : nhit k, sc k, my o pH.

Th ngh xem
...
Khi Peter J. Daniel hc lp 4, c gio ca anh, b Phillips vn thng ni: "Peter J. Daniel, em d
qu, em chng lm c ci g c v em s chng t c iu g c." Peter vn dt c v m ch
cho n nm 26 tui. Mt ngi bn thc vi anh mt m v c cho anh cun sch "Suy ngh v
lm giu" (Think and Grow Rich). By gi anh lm ch khu ph hi xa anh ln ln v xut bn
cun sch "B Phillips, b lm!"
Louisa May Alcott, tc gi cun "Nhng ngi n b nh" (Little Women), c gia nh
khuyn nn i lm hu gi hay th may.
Beethoven chi rt d n violin v thay v phi tp luyn lin tc ng chi nhng bn nhc t
mnh sng tc. Thy gio ca ng ni rng ng khng c c hi tr thnh nh son nhc.
Cha m ca ca s opera ni ting Enrico Caruso mun anh tr thnh k s. Thy gio ca anh ni
anh hon ton khng c ging v khng bit ht.
Charles Darwin, cha thuyt Tin ha, b hc Y khoa v cha ng ni vi ng: "My chng lm
c g ngoi vic bn, bt chut v nui bn ch ca my." Trong hi k ca mnh, Darwin vit:
"Tt c cc gio vin v c cha ti u coi ti l mt cu b bnh thng vi tr tu cha t mc
trung bnh."
Walt Disney b ra khi ta son bo v thiu sc sng to. Trc khi to ra Disneyland ng
ph sn vi ln.
Cc gio vin ca Thomas Edison khng nh rng m c th hc iu g th ng qu ngu dt.
Albert Einstein cho ti 4 tui vn cha bit ni v n 7 tui vn cha bit c. Gio vin m t
ng nh lmt a tr "cha pht trin y v tr tu, khng ho hp, lc no cng trn my vi
nhng gic m ngu n." ng b ui khi trng v H Bch khoa Zurich khng chu nhn ng
vo hc.
Louis Pasteur ch l sinh vin bnh thng trong trng H v trong mn Ha ch ng th 15 trn
tng s 22 sinh vin.
Isaac Newton hc tiu hc rt km.
Cn cha ca nh iu khc Rodin khng nh "Ti c a con trai ngu n". ng ni ting l a
hc tr km nht trong trng. Ba ln thi rt vo trng M thut. Ch ca ng coi ng l mt a
mt dy.
Leo Tolstoy tc gi "Chin tranh v Ha Bnh", b ui khi trng i hc. ng thiu "kh nng
v ch mun hc."
Tennessee Williams, tc gi nhiu kch bn sn khu, rt ni gin trong thi k cn i hc H
Washington khi m mt v kch ca ng b rt cuc thi gia cc sinh vin cng nm hc. Mt gio
vin ca ng nh li rng ng ph phn cng khai quan im ca ban gim kho v tr thng
minh ca h.
F.W. Woolworth tng lm trong tim git i. Nhng ngi thu mn ng k li rng ng khng
bit cch giao tip vi khch hng.
Trc khi Henry Ford thnh cng ng 5 ln tht bi v trng tay.
Babe Ruth c nhiu nh bnh lun th thao chn lm vn ng vin in kinh gii nht mi thi
i. Anh ni ting v to c k lc chy "home run" trong baseball nhng cng ni ting v gi
k lc b pht nhiu nht.
Winston Churchill b rt lp 6. n nm 62 tui cha bao gi ng l Th tng chnh ph v ch
tr thnh Th tng sau nhiu va vp, tht bi. Nhng thnh cng ca ng ch n khi tr thnh
ngi "ng tui".
19 nh xut bn t chi xut bn cun "Jonathan Livingston Seagull" ca Richard Bach - cun sch
v mt con chim hi u cha n 10.000 t. Cui cng th vo nm 1970 Macmillan chu xut bn.
n nm 1975 ring M bn c hn 7 triu bn.
...

B. BI TP TRC NGHIM
Cu 1: C 4 dung dch: Al(NO3)3, NaNO3, Na2CO3, NH4NO3. Ch dng mt dung dch no sau y
phn bit cc cht trong cc dung dch trn ?
A. H2SO4. B. NaCl. C. K2SO4. D. Ba(OH)2.
Cu 2: Ch dng thm mt thuc th no sau y c th phn bit c cc dung dch: NaCl,
NH4Cl, AlCl3, FeCl2, CuCl2, (NH4)2SO4 ?
A. Dung dch BaCl2. B. Dung dch Ba(OH)2.
C. Dung dch NaOH. D. Qu tm.
Cu 3: C 5 dung dch ring r, mi dung dch cha 1 cation sau y: NH4+, Mg2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Al3+
(c nng khong 0,1M). Dng dung dch NaOH cho ln lt vo tng dung dch trn, c th
nhn bit ti a c my dung dch?
A. 2 dung dch. B. 3 dung dch. C. 1 dung dch. D. 5 dung dch.
Cu 4: C 5 l cha ho cht mt nhn mi l ng mt trong cc dung dch cha cation sau (nng
dung dch khong 0,01M): Fe2+, Cu2+, Ag+, Al3+, Fe3+. Ch dng mt dung dch thuc th l
KOH c th nhn bit c ti a my dung dch?
Cu 5: C 5 dung dch ho cht khng nhn, mi dung dch nng khong 0,1M ca mt trong
cc mui sau: KCl, Ba(HCO3)2, K2CO3, K2S, K2SO3. Ch dng mt dung dch thuc th l dung
dch H2SO4 long nh trc tip vo mi dung dch th c th phn bit c ti a my dung dch ?
Cu 6: a. C cc l ho cht mt nhn trong mi l ng mt trong cc dung dch sau: FeCl2,
(NH4)2SO4, FeCl3, CuCl2, AlCl3, NH4Cl. Ch dng cc ng nghim v dung dch NaOH ln lt
thm vo tng dung dch c th nh bit ti a c my dung dch trong s cc dung dch k trn ?
b. Nu thay dung dch NaOH bng dung dch Ba(OH)2 th nhn bit c my dung dch?
Cu 7: C 5 dung dch ho cht khng nhn, mi dung dch c nng khong 0,1M ca mt
trong cc mui sau: KCl, Ba(HCO3)2, K2CO3, K2S, K2SO4. Ch dng dung dch H2SO4 long, nh
trc tip vo tng dung dch th c th nhn bit c nhng dung dch no?
A. Hai dung dch: Ba(HCO3)2, K2CO3. B. Ba dung dch: Ba(HCO3)2, K2CO3, K2S.
C. Hai dung dch: Ba(HCO3)2, K2S. D. Hai dung dch: Ba(HCO3)2, K2SO4.
Cu 8: C cc l ho cht khng nhn, mi l ng mt trong cc dung dch khng mu sau:
Na2SO4, Na2S, Na2CO3, Na3PO4, Na2SO3. Ch dng thuc th l dung dch H2SO4 long, nh trc
tip vo tng dung dch th c th nhn c cc dung dch:
A. Na2CO3, Na2S, Na2SO3. B. Na2CO3, Na2S.
C. Na2CO3, Na2S, Na3PO4. D. Na2SO4, Na2S, Na2CO3, Na3PO4, Na2SO3.
Cu 9: C 5 ng nghim khng nhn, mi ng ng mt trong cc dung dch sau y (nng
khong 0,1M): NH4Cl, FeCl2, AlCl3, MgCl2, CuCl2. Ch dng dung dch NaOH nh t t vo tng
dung dch, c th nhn bit c ti a cc dung dch no sau y?
A. Hai dung dch: NH4Cl, CuCl2.
B. Ba dung dch: NH4Cl, CuCl2, MgCl2.
C. Bn dung dch: NH4Cl, CuCl2, MgCl2 , AlCl3.
D. C 5 dung dch.

Cu 10: C 4 ng nghim khng nhn, mi ng ng mt trong cc dung dch sau (nng khong
0,01M): NaCl, Na2CO3, KHSO4 v CH3NH2. Ch dng giy qu tm ln lt nhng vo tng dung
dch, quan st s bin i mu ca n c th nhn bit c dy cc dung dch no?
A. Dung dch NaCl. B. Hai dung dch NaCl v KHSO4.
C. Hai dung dch KHSO4 v CH3NH2. D. Ba dung dch NaCl, KHSO4 v Na2CO3.
Cu 11: C cc dung dch khng mu ng trong cc l ring bit, khng dn nhn: ZnSO4,
Mg(NO3)2, Al(NO3)3. phn bit cc dung dch trn c th dng:
A. qu tm. B. dung dch NaOH.
C. dung dch Ba(OH)2. D. dung dch BaCl2.
Cu 12: phn bit cc dung dch ng trong cc l ring bit, khng dn nhn: MgCl2, ZnCl2,
AlCl3, FeCl2, KCl bng phng php ho hc, c th dng
A. dung dch NaOH. B. dung dch NH3.
C. dung dch Na2CO3. D. qu tm.
Cu 13: phn bit cc dung dch: ZnCl2, MgCl2, CaCl2 v AlCl3 ng trong cc l ring bit c
th dng :
A. dung dch NaOH v dung dch NH3. B. qu tm.
C. dung dch NaOH v dung dch Na2CO3. D. A hoc C.
Cu 14: C th dng cht no di y phn bit cc dung dch: BaCl2, Na2SO4, MgSO4, ZnCl2,
KNO3 v KHCO3?
A. Kim loi Na. B. Dung dch HCl.
C. Kh CO2. D. Dung dch Na2CO3.
Cu 15: phn bit cc dung dch: Na2CO3, Na2SO3, NaHSO3 v NaHCO3 ng trong cc l
ring bit, c th dng:
A. axit HCl v nc brom. B. nc vi trong v nc brom.
C. dung dch CaCl2 v nc brom. D. nc vi trong v axit HCl.
Cu 16: phn bit cc dung dch long: HCl, HNO3, H2SO4 c th dng thuc th no sau y ?
A. Dung dch Ba(OH)2 v bt Cu kim loi. B. Kim loi st v ng.
C. Dung dch Ca(OH)2. D. Kim loi nhm v st.
Cu 17: Khng th dng thuc th no phn bit 2 dung dch Na2CO3 v Na2SO3 ?
A. dung dch HCl. B. nc brom.
C. dung dch Ca(OH)2. D. dung dch H2SO4.
Cu 18: C cc dung dch mui Al(NO3)3, (NH4)2SO4, NaNO3, NH4NO3, MgCl2, FeCl2 ng trong
cc l ring bit b mt nhn. Nu ch dng mt ho cht lm thuc th phn bit cc mui trn
th chn cht no sau y:
A. Dung dch Ba(OH)2. B. Dung dch BaCl2.
C. Dung dch NaOH. D. Dung dch Ba(NO3)2.
Cu 19: C cc dung dch: NaCl, Ba(OH)2 , NH4HSO4 , HCl, H2SO4 , BaCl2. Ch dng dung dch
Na2CO3 nhn bit c my dung ?
A. 4 dung dch. B. C 6 dung dch.
C. 2 dung dch. D. 3ung dch.
Cu 20: phn bit cc dung dch ring bit gm NaOH, NaCl, BaCl2, Ba(OH)2 ch cn dng
thuc th
A. H2O v CO2. B. qu tm.
C. dung dch H2SO4. D. dung dch (NH4)2SO4.

Cu 21: Trong cc thuc th sau : (1) dung dch H2SO4 long, (2) CO2 v H2O, (3) dung dch
BaCl2, (4) dung dch HCl .Thuc t phn bit c cc cht ring bit gm CaCO3, BaSO4, K2CO3,
K2SO4 l:
A. (1) v (2). B. (2) v (4). C. (1), (2), (3). D. (1), (2), (4.)
Cu 22: Thuc th duy nht dng nhn bit cc cht sau: Ba(OH)2, NH4HSO4, BaCl2, HCl,
NaCl,H2SO4 dng trong 6 l b mt nhn.
A. dd H2SO4. B. dd AgNO3. C. dd NaOH. D. qu tm.
Cu 23: C cc l ring bit ng cc dung dch khng mu: AlCl3, ZnCl2. FeSO4. Fe(NO3)3,
NaCl. Ch dng dung dch no di y phn bit cc l mt nhn trn ?
A. Na2CO3. B. Ba(OH)2. C. NH3. D. NaOH.
Cu 24: C 3 dung dch hn hp X (NaHCO3 v Na2CO3); Y (NaHCO3 v Na2SO4); Z (Na2CO3 v
Na2SO4). nhn bit c 3 dung dch trn, cn dng 2 dung dch l:
A. NaOH v NaCl. B. NH3 v NH4Cl.
C. HCl v NaCl. D. HNO3 v Ba(NO3)2.
Cu 25: Dy gm 3 dung dch c th nhn bit bng phenolphtalein l:
A. KOH, NaCl, H2SO4. B. KOH, NaCl, K2SO4.
C. KOH, NaOH, H2SO4. D. KOH, HCl, H2SO4.
Cu 26: C 4 l mt nhn ng 4 dung dch sau: HCl, H2SO4, BaCl2, Na2CO3. nhn bit 4 dung
dch trn, ch cn dng mt thuc th duy nht l dung dch:
A. qu tm. B. NaOH. C. NaCl. D. KNO3.
Cu 27: C 6 dung dch ring r sau: BaCl2, MgCl2, FeCl2, FeCl3, NH4Cl, (NH4)2SO4. C th nhn
bit 6 dung dch trn bng kim loi:
A. Na. B. Mg. C. Al. D. Cu.
Cu 28: C 5 dung dch ring r sau: NaHSO4, KHCO3, Mg(HCO3)2, Ba(HCO3)2, Na2SO3. Ch
c dng thm cch un nng th c th nhn c my dung dch ?
Cu 29: C 4 cht bt mu trng l NaCl, AlCl3, MgCO3, BaCO3. Ch dng nc cng cc thit b
cn thit (nh l nung, bnh in phn v.v...) c th:
A. khng nhn c cht no. B. nhn c c 4 cht
C. nhn c NaCl v AlCl3. D. nhn c MgCO3, BaCO3.
Cu 30: C th nhn bit 2 dung dch ring r ZnSO4 v Al2(SO4)3 bng thuc th duy nht l:
A. dung dch Ba(OH)2. B. dung dch NH3.
C. dung dch Na2CO3. D. dung dch qu tm.
Cu 31: C 3 dung dch ng trong 3 l b mt nhn l MgCl2, NH4Cl, NaCl. nhn c c 3
dung dch, ch cn dng mt thuc th duy nht l dung dch
A. Na2CO3. B. NaOH. C. qu tm. D. dung dch NH3.
Cu 32: C 3 dung dch axit m c l HCl, HNO3, H2SO4 ng trong 3 l ring bit b mt nhn.
nhn bit 3 dung dch axit trn, ch cn dng mt thuc th duy nht l:
A. CuO. B. dd BaCl2. C. Cu. D. dd AgNO3.
Cu 33: C 5 l b mt nhn ng 5 dung dch sau: NaOH; MgCl2; CuCl2; AlCl3; FeCl3. S lng
thuc th ti thiu cn dng c th nhn c 5 dung dch trn l:
A. 3. B. 2. C. 1. D. 0.
Cu 34: C cc dung dch ring r sau: AlCl3, NaCl, MgCl2, H2SO4. nhn bit c 4 dung dch
trn, ch cn dng mt thuc th duy nht l dung dch:
A. NaOH. B. BaCl2. C. AgNO3. D. qu tm.
Cu 35: Cc dung dch long sau: Na2SO4, Na2CO3, NaCl, H2SO4, BaCl2, NaOH. Ch dng qu tm
c th nhn c:
Cu 36: Cho cc dung dch: NaCl, AlCl3, Al2(SO4)3, FeCl2, MgCl2, NH4Cl, (NH4)2CO3. nhn
bit c cc dung dch trn, ch cn dng mt dung dch duy nht l:
A. NaOH. B. CaCl2. C. Ba(OH)2. D. H2SO4.
Cu 37: Cho 3 bnh ng cc dung dch mt nhn l X gm (KHCO3 v K2CO3), Y gm (KHCO3
v K2SO4), Z gm (K2CO3 v K2SO4). nhn bit c X, Y, Z, cn dng 2 dung dch l:
A. Ba(OH)2 v HCl. B. HCl v BaCl2. C. BaCl2 v H2SO4. D. H2SO4 v Ba(OH)2.
Cu 38: C 6 dung dch sau: NH4NO3, Al(NO3)3, Pb(NO3)2, FeCl2, HCl, KOH. S lng thuc th
ti thiu cn dng c th nhn c 6 dung dch trn l:
A. 3. B. 2. C. 1. D. 0.
Cu 39: C th dng cht no di y phn bit cc dung dch ring bit cha cc cation: Na+,
Mg2+, Al3+?
A. HCl. B. BaCl2. C. NaOH. D. K2SO4.
-
Cu 40: nhn bit anion NO3 c th dng kim loi Cu v dung dch H2SO4 long, un nng v:
A. to ra kh c mu nu.
B. to ra kh khng mu, ho nu trong khng kh.
C. to ra dung dch c mu vng.
D. to ra kt ta mu xanh.
Cu 41: nhn bit cation Fe3+ c th dng ion no?
A. SCN-. B. SO42-. C. Cl-. D. NO3-.
Cu 42: C 3 dung dch mui cha cc anion sau : Dung dch (1): CO32-; dung dch (2): HCO3- ;
dung dch (3): CO32-, HCO3-. phn bit 3 dung dch trn ta c th dng cch no sau y ?
A. Cho dung dch NaCl d, lc, cho axit HCl vo nc lc.
B. Cho dung dch NH4Cl d, lc, cho axit H2SO4 vo nc lc.
C. Cho dung dch BaCl2 d, lc, cho axit H2SO4 vo nc lc.
D. Cho dung dch KOH d, lc, cho axit H2SO4 vo nc lc.
Cu 43: phn bit anion CO32- v anion SO32- c th dng:
A. qu tm. B. dung dch HCl. C. dung dch CaCl2. D. dung dch Br2.
Cu 44: Khng th nhn bit cc kh CO2, SO2 v O2 ng trong cc bnh ring bit, nu ch dng
A. nc brom v tn m chy d. B. nc brom v dung dch Ba(OH)2.
C. nc vi trong v nc brom. D. tn m chy d v nc vi trong.
Cu 45: phn bit cc kh CO, CO2, O2 v SO2 c th dng:
A. tn m chy d, nc vi trong v nc brom.
B. tn m chy d, nc vi trong v dung dch K2CO3.
C. dung dch Na2CO3 v nc brom.
D. tn m chy d v nc brom.
Cu 46: phn bit O2 v O3, ngi ta c th dng:
A. que m ang chy. B. h tinh bt.
C. dung dch KI c h tinh bt. D. dung dch KBr c h tinh bt.
Cu 47: C 6 mu cht rn ring r sau: CuO, FeO, Fe3O4, MnO2, Ag2O v hn hp Fe + FeO. Ch
dng dung dch HCl c th nhn c:
A. 2 mu. B. 3 mu. C. 4 mu. D. 6 mu.
Cu 48: Cho cc cht rn ring r sau: BaSO4, BaCO3, KCl, Na2CO3, MgCO3. C th nhn c
cc cht trn bng nc v mt thuc th khc l dung dch:
A. H2SO4. B. HCl. C. CaCl2. D. AgNO3.
Cu 49: Cho cc oxit: K2O, Al2O3, CaO, MgO. nhn c cc oxit ni trn, ch dng 1 thuc
th l:
A. H2O. B. dd Na2CO3. C. dd NaOH. D. dd HCl.
Cu 50: Cho 4 cht rn ring r: Na2O; Al2O3; Fe2O3; Al. Ch dng nc c th nhn c
A. 0 cht. B. 1 cht. C. 2 cht. D. 4 cht.
Cu 51: C 4 mu kim loi l Na, Ca, Al, Fe. Ch dng thm nc lm thuc th c th nhn bit
c ti a:
A. 1 cht. B. 2 cht. C. 3 cht. D. 4 cht.
Cu 52: C 6 kim loi ring r sau: Ba, Mg, Fe, Ag, Al, Cu. Ch dng dung dch H2SO4 long c
th nhn c:
A. 1 kim loi. B. 2 kim loi. C. 4 kim loi. D. 6 kim loi.
Cu 53: Cho cc kim loi: Mg, Al, Fe, Cu. nhn c cc kim loi trn, cn s dng 2 dung
dch l:
A. HCl, NaOH. B. NaOH v AgNO3.
C. AgNO3 v H2SO4 c ngui. D. H2SO4 c ngui v HCl.
Cu 54: Dy ion no sau y cng tn ti trong mt dung dch ?
A. Mg2+, SO42-, Cl-, Ba2+. B. H+, Cl-, Na+, Al3+.
C. S2-, Fe2+, Cu2+, Cl-. D. Fe3+, OH-, Na+, Ba2+.
Cu 55: Cho dung dch cha cc anion: Na+, NH4+, CO32-, PO43-, NO3-, SO42-. Dng cht no sau
y c th loi b c nhiu anion nht?
A. KCl. B. Ba(NO3)2. C. NaOH. D. HCl.
Cu 56: Phng th nghim b nhim bi kh Cl2. Dng cht no sau y c th kh c Cl2 mt
cch tng i an ton?
A. Dung dch NaOH long. B. Dng kh NH3 hoc dung dch NH3.
C. Dng kh H2S. D. Dng kh CO2.
Cu 57: Kh CO2 c tp cht kh l HCl. loi b HCl nn cho kh CO2 i qua dung dch no sau
y ?
A. Dung dch NaOH d. B. Dung dch NaHCO3 bo ho d.
C. Dung dch Na2CO3 d. D. Dung dch NH3 d.
Cu 58: Cho dung dch cha cc cation sau: Na , Ca2+, Mg2+, Ba2+, H+. Mun loi c nhiu
+
cation ra khi dung dch m khng a thm ion l vo dung dch, c th dng cht no sau y?
A. Dung dch K2CO3. B. Dung dch Na2CO3.
C. Dung dch NaOH. D. Dung dch Na2SO4.
Cu 59: Trong dung dch X c cha ng thi cc cation: K+, Ag+, Fe2+, Ba2+ v ch cha 1 loi
anion. Anion l:
A. Cl-. B. NO3-. C. SO42-. D. PO43-.
Cu 60: Nc ca mt s ging khoan c cha hp cht ca st, thng gp dng cation Fe2+ v
anion:
A. CO32-. B. Cl-. C. NO2-. D. HCO3-.
Cu 61: Sc mt kh vo nc brom, thy nc brom b nht mu. Kh l
A. CO2. B. CO. C. SO2. D. HCl.

Cu 62: Kh no sau y c trong khng kh lm cho cc dng bng bc lu ngy b xm

en?
A. CO2. B. SO2. C. O2. D. H2S.
Cu 63: Hn hp kh no sau y tn ti bt k iu kin no ?
A. H2 v Cl2. B. N2 v O2. C. H2 v O2. D. HCl v CO2.
Cu 64: Ho tan mt cht kh vo nc, ly dung dch thu c cho tc dng vi dung dch ZnSO4
n d thy c kt ta trng ri kt ta li tan ra. Kh l
A. HCl. B. SO2. C. NO2. D. NH3.
Cu 65: Khi tin hnh phn tch chun , ngi ta ng dung dch cn chun trong:
A. Bnh cu B. Bnh nh mc C. Bnh tam gic D. Cc thu tinh
Cu 66: a. o chnh xc th tch ca dung dch chun trong chun th tch ngi ta
thngdng dng c no sau y?
A. Bnh nh mc. B. Buret. C. Pipet. D. ng ong.
b. o chnh xc th tch ca dung dch cn chun trong chun th tch ngi ta thng
dng dng c no sau y?
A. Bnh nh mc. B. Buret. C. Pipet. D. ng ong.
Cu 67: Khi cn pha ch mt dung dch chun chun th tch cn dng dng c no sau y?
A. Bnh cu B. Bnh nh mc C. Bnh tam gic D. Cc thu tinh
Cu 68: Thi im m cht cn xc nh nng va tc dng ht vi dung dch chun gi l:
A. im cui. B. im tng ng.
C. im kt thc. D. im ngng chun .
Cu 69: nhn bit thi im tng ng, ngi ta dng nhng cht gy ra nhng hin tng
m ta d quan st c bng mt, nhng cht gi l:
A. cht gc. B. cht ch th. C. cht tng ng. D. dung dch chun.
Cu 70: Vi mi phn ng chun axit - baz, ngi ta chn cht ch th axit - baz c c im
l:
A. Mu sc ca dng phn t v dng ion khc nhau.
B. Mu sc ca cht ch th ph thuc vo pH.
C. C khong pH i mu trng hoc rt st vi pH ca im tng ng.
D. Gy ra nhng hin tng d quan st bng mt.
Cu 71: Khi chun trnh nhng sai s ln, ngi ta dng dung dch chun c nng
A. Ln hn nhiu nng ca dung dch cht cn xc nh.
B. B hn nhiu nng ca dung dch cht cn xc nh.
C. ng bng nng ca dung dch cht cn xc nh .
D. Xp x vi nng ca dung dch cht cn xc nh.
Cu 72: Cn phi thm bao nhiu ml dung dch NaOH 0,25M vo 50ml dung dch hn hp HCl
0,1M v H2SO4 0,05M thu c dung dch c pH = 2,0?
A. 43,75 ml. B. 36,54 ml. C. 27,75 ml. D. 40,75 ml.
Cu 73: Chun 30 ml dung dch H2SO4 cha bit nng dng ht 30 ml dung dch NaOH
0,1M. Nng mol ca dung dch H2SO4 l
A. 0,02M. B. 0,03M. C. 0,04M. D. 0,05M.

Cu 74: xc nh hm lng FeCO3 trong qung xierit, ngi ta lm nh sau: cn 0,600 gam
mu qung, ch ho n theo mt quy trnh hp l, thu c dung dch FeSO4 trong mi trng
H2SO4 long. Chun dung dch thu c bng dung dch chun KMnO4 0,025M th dng va ht
25,2 ml dung dch chun. Thnh phn phn trm theo khi lng ca FeCO3 trong qung l:
A. 12,18%. B. 60,9%. C. 24,26%. D. 30,45%.
Cu 75: Khi lng K2Cr2O7 phn ng khi chun dung dch cha 15,2 gam FeSO4 (c
H2SO4 long lm mi trng) l:
Cu 76: Dng dung dch KMnO4 0,02M chun 20 ml dung dch FeSO4 c axit ho
bng dung dch H2SO4 long. Sau khi cho c 20ml KMnO4 vo th dung dch bt u chuyn
sang mu hng. Nng mol ca dung dch FeSO4 l:
A. 0,025M. B. 0,05M. C. 0,1M. D. 0,15M.
Cu 77: Ho tan a gam FeSO4.7H2O vo nc c dung dch A. Khi chun dung dch A cn
dng 20 ml dung dch KMnO4 0,1M (c H2SO4 long lm mi trng). Gi tr ca a l :
Cu 78: chun 10 ml mt mu th c hm lng etanol l 0,46 gam/ml th th tch dung dch
K2Cr2O7 0,005M cn dng l (bit C2H5OH b oxi ha thnh CH3CHO):
A. 12,3 ml. B. 6,67 ml. C. 13,3 ml. D. 15,3 ml.
2+
Cu 79: xc nh nng ca cation Fe trong dung dch c axit ho ngi ta chun
bng dung dch KMnO4 hoc dung dch K2Cr2O7 theo cc phn ng sau:
Fe2+ + MnO4- + H+ Mn2+ + Fe3+ + H2O
Fe2+ + Cr2O72- + H+ Cr3+ + Fe3+ + H2O
chun mt dung dch Fe2+ axit ho cn phi dng 30ml dung dch KMnO4 0,02M.
chun cng lng dung dch Fe2+ trn bng dung dch K2Cr2O7 th th tch dung dch K2Cr2O7
0,02M cn dng l:
A. 10 ml. B. 15 ml. C. 20 ml. D. 25 ml.
Cu 80: Nhin liu no sau y thuc loi nhin liu sch ang c nghin cu s dng thay th
mt s nhin liu khc gy nhim mi trng ?
A. Than . B. Xng, du. C. Kh butan (gaz). D. Kh hiro.
Cu 81: Ngi ta sn xut kh metan thay th mt phn cho ngun nhin liu ho thch bng
cch no sau y ?
A. Ln men cc cht thi hu c nh phn gia sc trong hm Biogaz.
B. Thu kh metan t kh bn ao.
C. Ln men ng cc.
D. Cho hi nc qua than nng trong l.
Cu 82: Mt trong nhng hng con ngi nghin cu to ra ngun nng lng nhn to to
ln s dng trong mc ch ho bnh, l:
A. Nng lng mt tri. B. Nng lng thu in.
C. Nng lng gi. D. Nng lng ht nhn.
Cu 83: Loi thuc no sau y thuc loi gy nghin cho con ngi ?
A. Penixilin, amoxilin. B. Vitamin C, glucoz.
C. Seduxen, moocphin. D. Thuc cm pamin, paradol.
Cu 84: Cch bo qun thc phm (tht, c) bng cch no sau y c coi l an ton ?
A. Dng fomon, nc . B. Dng phn m, nc .
C. Dng nc v nc kh. D. Dng nc kh, fomon.
Cu 85: Phn bn, thuc tr su, thuc kch thch sinh trng, c tc dng gip cy pht trin
tt, tng nng sut cy trng nhng li c tc dng ph gy ra nhng bnh him ngho cho con
ngi. Sau khi bn phn hoc phun thuc tr su, thuc kch thch sinh trng cho mt s loi rau,
qu, thi hn ti thiu thu hoch s dng bo m an ton thng l :
A. 1 2 ngy. B. 2 3 ngy. C. 12 15 ngy. D. 30 35 ngy.
Cu 86: Trng hp no sau y c coi l khng kh sch ?
A. Khng kh cha 78%N2; 21%O2; 1% hn hp CO2, H2O, H2.
B. Khng kh cha 78%N2; 18%O2; 4% hn hp CO2, SO2, HCl.
C. Khng kh cha 78%N2; 20%O2; 2% hn hp CH4, bi v CO2.
D. Khng kh cha 78%N2; 16%O2; 3% hn hp CO2, 1%CO, 1%SO2.
Cu 87: Trng hp no sau y c coi l nc khng b nhim?
A. Nc rung la c cha khong 1% thuc tr su v phn bn ho hc.
B. Nc thi nh my c cha nng ln cc ion kim loi nng nh Pb2+, Cd2+, Hg2+, Ni2+.
C. Nc thi t cc bnh vin, khu v sinh cha cc khun gy bnh.
D. Nc sinh hot t cc nh my hoc nc ging khoan khng c cha cc c t nh
asen, st, qu mc cho php.
Cu 88: Mi trng khng kh, t, nc xung quanh mt s nh my ho cht thng b nhim
nng bi kh c, ion kim loi nng v cc ho cht. Bin php no sau y khng th chng
nhim mi trng?
A. C h thng s l cht thi trc khi x ra ngoi h thng khng kh, sng, h, bin.
B. Thc hin chu trnh khp kn tn dng cht thi mt cch hiu qu.
C. Thay i cng ngh sn xut, s dng nhin liu sch.
D. X cht thi trc tip ra khng kh, sng v bin ln.
Cu 89: Sau bi thc hnh ho hc, trong mt s cht thi dng dung dch, c cha cc ion: Cu2+,
Zn2+, Fe3+, Pb2+, Hg2+Dng cht no sau y x l s b cc cht thi trn ?
A. Nc vi d. B. HNO3. C. Gim n. D. Etanol.
Cu 90: nh gi nhim bn khng kh ca mt nh my, ngi ta tin hnh nh sau: Ly 2
lt khng kh ri dn qua dung dch Pb(NO3)2 d th thu c cht kt ta mu en. Hy cho bit
hin tng chng t trong khng kh c kh no trong cc kh sau?
A. H2S. B. CO2. C. SO2. D. NH3.
Cu 91: Cacbon monooxit c trong thnh phn chnh ca loi kh no sau y ?
A. Khng kh. B. Kh thin nhin. C. Kh m du. D. Kh l cao.
Cu 92: Ngnh sn xut no sau y khng thuc v cng nghip silicat ?
A. gm. B. Ximng. C. Thu tinh thng. D. Thu tinh hu c.
Cu 93: S thiu ht nguyn t ( dng hp cht) no sau y gy bnh long xng ?
A. St. B. Km. C. Canxi. D. Photpho.
Cu 94: B sung vitamin A cho c th c th n gc v trong qu gc chn c cha:
A. vitamin A. B. -caroten (thu phn to vitamin A).
C. este ca vitamin A. D. enzim tng hp vitamin A.
Cu 95: Kh no sau y gy ra hin tng ma axit ?
A. CO2. B. CH4. C. SO2. D. NH3.
Cu 96: Trong kh thi cng nghip thng c cha cc kh SO2, NO2, HF. C th dng cht no
(r tin) sau y loi b cc cht kh ?
A. Ca(OH)2. B. NaOH. C. NH3. D. HCl.
Cu 97: Khng kh trong phng th nghim b nhim bn bi kh Cl2. kh c, c th xt vo

khng kh dung dch no sau y ?
A. HCl. B. NH3. C. H2SO4 long. D. NaCl.
Cu 98: Cc tc nhn ho hc gy nhim mi trng gm
A. cc kim loi nng: Hg, Pb, Sb .
B. cc anion: NO3-, PO43-, SO42.-
C. thuc bo v thc vt, phn bn hc hc.
D. c A, B, C.
Cu 99: Trong s cc ngun nng lng sau y, nhm cc ngun nng lng no c coi l nng
lng sch ?
A. in ht nhn, nng lng thu triu.
B. Nng lng gi, nng lng thu triu.
C. Nng lng nhit in, nng lng a in.
D. Nng lng mt tri, nng lng ht nhn.
Cu 100: Vit Nam c m qung st rt ln Thi Nguyn nn xy dng khu lin hp gang
thp ti y. Khu sn xut c xy dng gn khu vc khai thc m l do:
A. tin vn chuyn nguyn liu lm cho chi ph sn xut thp.
B. khng th bo qun c qung st lu di sau khi khai thc.
C. ch c th xy dng nh my sn xut gang thp ti Thi Nguyn.
D. c th bo qun c qung st khi vn chuyn, nhng iu kin kh hu ni khc
khng m bo.
Cu 101: Trong s cc vt liu sau, vt liu no c ngun gc hu c ?
A. Gm, s. B. Xi mng. C. Cht do. D. t st nn.
Cu 102: Ngi ta ht thuc l nhiu thng mc cc bnh nguy him v ng h hp. Cht gy
hi ch yu c trong thuc l l :
A. becberin. B. nicotin. C. axit nicotinic. D. moocphin.
Cu 103: Kh biogaz sn xut t cht thi chn nui c s dng lm ngun nhin liu trong sinh
hot nng thn. Tc dng ca vic s dng kh biogaz l
A. pht trin chn nui.
B. t ly nhit v gim thiu nhim mi trng.
C. gii quyt cng n vic lm khu vc nng thn.
D. gim gi thnh sn xut du, kh.
Cu 104: Hin tng tri t nng ln do hiu ng nh knh ch yu l do cht no sau y ?
A. Kh clo. B. Kh cacbonic. C. Kh cacbon oxit. D. Kh hiro clorua.
Cu 105: Ma axit ch yu l do nhng cht sinh ra trong qu trnh sn xut cng nghip nhng
khng c x l trit . l nhng cht no sau y ?
A. SO2, NO2. B. H2S, Cl2. C. NH3, HCl. D. CO2, SO2.
Cu 106: Nguyn nhn ca s suy gim tng ozon ch yu l do:
A. kh CO2. B. ma axit.
C. clo v cc hp cht ca clo. D. qu trnh sn xut gang thp.
Cu 107: Ngi ta x l nc bng nhiu cch khc nhau, trong c th thm clo v phn kp
nhm kali (K2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O). V sao phi thm phn kp nhm kali vo nc ?
A. lm nc trong. B. kh trng nc.
C. loi b lng d ion florua. D. loi b cc rong, to.
Cu 108: C cn c oxi tng trng tt. Chng khng th tng trng tt nu qu m. L do cho
hin tng trn l :
A. Bi li trong nc m cn nhiu c gng hn.
B. Oxi ho tan km hn trong nc m.
C. Phn ng ho hc xy ra nhanh hn khi nhit tng.
D. Trong nc m s to ra nhiu cacbon ioxit hn.
Cu 109: Mt cht c cha nguyn t oxi, dng lm sch nc v c tc dng bo v cc sinh
vt trn Tri t khng b bc x cc tm. Cht ny l :
A. ozon. B. oxi. C. lu hunh ioxit. D. cacbon ioxit.
Cu 110: Khng kh bao quanh hnh tinh chng ta l v cng thit yu cho s sng, nhng thnh
phn ca kh quyn lun thay i. Kh no trong khng kh c s bin i nng nhiu nht ?
A. Hi nc. B. Oxi. C. Cacon ioxit. D. Nit.
Cu 111: Dy gm cc cht v thuc u c th gy nghin cho con ngi l
A. penixilin, paradol, cocain. B. heroin, seduxen, erythromixin
C. cocain, seduxen, cafein. D. ampixilin, erythromixin, cafein.
Cu 112: Trong s cc cht sau: Ancol etylic, nicotin, cafein, moocphin, seduxen, meprobamat,
amphetamin, hassish. Nhng cht gy nghin l:
A. Ancol etylic, nicotin, cafein, moocphin.
B. moocphin, hassish, seduxen, meprobamat.
C. seduxen, nicotin, meprobamat, amphetamin.
D. Tt c cc cht trn.
Cu 113: Trong nc ngm thng tn ti dng ion trong st (II) hirocacbonat v st (II) sunfat.
Hm lng st trong nc cao lm cho nc c mi tanh, lu c mu vng gy nh hng xu
n sc khe ca con ngi nn cn phi loi b. Ta c th dng cc phng php no sau y
loi b st ra khi nc sinh hot?
A. Sc clo vo b nc mi ht t ging khoan ln vi liu lng thch hp. (2)
B. Dng gin phun ma hoc b trn cho nc mi ht t ging khoan ln c tip xc
nhiu vi khng kh ri lng, lc. (1)
C. Sc khng kh giu oxi vo nc mi ht t ging khoan ln. (3)
D. (1), (2), (3) ng.
Cu 114: Hi thu ngn rt c, bi vy khi lm v nhit k thu ngn th cht bt c dng
rc ln thu ngn ri gom li l :
A. vi sng. B. ct. C. lu hunh. D. mui n.

Ngi m mt mt
(Dn tr) - M ti ch cn mt bn mt. Ti ght iu , v v th ti ght lun c m. M c mt

ca hng p p khu ch ti tn, lm lt cc loi rau c lt vt bn. B lm ti xu h.
Mt ngy kia trng ti c s kin c bit, v m n. Ti xu h lm. Ti nhn m vi nh

mt rt cm ght ri chy i. Ngy hm sau n trng, mi ngi tru chc ti: , m my ch c
mt mt thi ?.
Ti c g m bin mt ngay khi th gii ny, v vy ti ni vi b rng: M, ti sao m ch cn

mt bn mt thi? M s ch bin con thnh tr ci cho thin h. Sao m khng cht lun i?. M
ti khng phn ng. Ti ngh mnh qu nhn tm, nhng lc cm gic tht thoi mi v ti ni ra
c iu mun ni sut by lu.
m hm y...
Ti thc dy, xung bp ly cc nc. M ang ngi khc trong , rt kh, c nh b s rng
ting khc c th nh thc ti. Ti vo ng xem m th no ri quay v phng. Chnh v cu ti
tht ra vi m, nn c ci g lm au nhi tri tim ti.
Ngay c vy chng na, ti vn rt ght m. Ti t nh mnh s trng thnh v thnh t, bi v ti

ght ngi m va ngho, va ch cn c mt mt.
Ri ti lao vo hc. Ti vo mt trng i hc danh ting vi tt c s t tin v n lc. Ti ri

b m n Bc Kinh.
Ti kt hn, mua nh v lm cha. Gi y, ti l mt ngi n ng thnh t v hnh phc. Ti

thch cuc sng thnh ph. S no nhit, si ng gip ti qun i hnh nh ngi m ti nghip.
Cho ti mt hm, ngi ti khng mong i nht xut hin trc ca nh. Mt ti ti sm li, ti
lnh lng hi ngi n b : C chuyn g khng? B l ai?. l m ti, vn dng ngi
cm ci v gy g y, vn l ngi ph n vi i mt khng hon thin y.
a con bn tui ca ti nhn thy b, n qu s hi, chy np vo mt gc nh. Ti v nh

khng nhn ra b, nhn b gin d ri ni: B l ai, ti khng quen b. Ti ang t la gt mnh
v thc s t bao lu nay ti vn t la mnh nh th. Ti c qun i ci s tht b l m ti. Ti
lun mun trn trnh s tht ny. Ti ui b ra khi nh ch v b khin a con gi nh ca ti s
hi.
p li s ph phng y, ngi n b tiu ty kia ch ni: Xin li, c l ti ti nhm a ch,

v ri b i mt.
May qu, b y khng nhn ra mnh - ti thm nh. Ti cm thy nh nhm, t ni vi mnh rng
s khng bao gi quan tm hoc ngh v b.

Mt ngy, ti c mi v trng c gp mt nhn k nim thnh lp trng. Ti ni di v

rng s i cng tc my hm.
Sau bui hp mt, ti li xe i ngang qua ngi nh m tui th ti tng gn b - mt ci lu c

rch, lp xp, m t. By gi n vn th. Ti xung xe v bc vo. Ti thy b nm , ngay
gia sn t lnh lo, trong tay ba c mt mu giy. l bc th b vit cho ti.
Con trai yu qu ca m!
M ngh cuc i ny m sng . M s khng th n thm con thm ln no na, nhng m

c qu tham lam khng khi mong con tr v thm m d ch mt lc? M nh con nhiu, v cng
rt vui khi nghe tin con tr v thm li lp c. M rt mun ti trng ch nhn thy con.
Nhng m quyt nh khng n, v con.
M xin li v m ch c mt mt, c l m lm con thy h thn vi bn b.
Con bit khng, hi cn rt nh, con b tai nn v vnh vin mt i mt bn mt ca mnh. M

khng th ng nhn con ln ln vi khim khuyt trn khun mt ng yu, v vy, m tng n
cho con.
M rt t ho v con trai m c th nhn trn th gii mi c mt phn ca m , m cha bao

gi bun v con hay bt c iu g con lm. Con tng ght b hay tc gin m, nhng m bit,
trong su thm t tri tim, l bi v con cng yu m.
M rt nh khong thi gian khi con trai m cn nh, khi con tp i, khi con ng hay nhng lc con
chy loang quanh bn m. M nh con rt nhiu, m yu con, con l c th gii i vi m.
Th gii quanh ti cng nh ang sp. Ti khc cho ngi ch bit sng v ti.

PHN 2 : P N
CHUYN 1: I CNG V KIM LOI
1D 2A 3B 4C 5B 6B 7B 8A 9B 10A
11B 12B 13D 14D 15B 16D 17B 18D 19A 20B
21C 22A 23D 24D 25C 26B 27C 28C 29B 30A
31C 32A 33C 34A 35C 36D 37B 38BA 39B 40A
41C 42C 43C 44C 45B 46B 47B 48B 49A 50B
51A 52C 53D 54A 55C 56C 57D 58B 59C 60D
61D 62A 63B 64D 65C 66A 67C 68D 69A 70C
71D 72B 73C 74C 75B 76C 77D 78D 79D 80A
81B 82D 83C 84A 85C 86D 87C 88D 89A 90D
91A 92B 93D 94B 95D 96A 97A 98B 99B 100C
101D 102C 103D 104A 105C 106B 107B 108C 109B 110A
111B 112B 113C 114A 115A 116B 117B 118A 119C 120C
121A 122D 123A 124A 125B 126D 127C 128A 129C 130C
131A 132B 133B 134B 135B 136C 137C 138B 139D 140B
141C 142D 143C 144C 145C 146A 147A 148A 149D 150D
151A 152D 153B 154B 155D 156B 157A 158C 159A 160D
161D 162D 163C 164D 165C 166B 167C 168A 169B 170D
171B 172C 173C 174D 175D 176B 177B 178B 179A 180D
181B 182D 183A 184A 185D 186D 187B 188C 189C 190A
191D 192A 193A 194D 195B 196D 197C 198B 199C 200C
201B 202A 203D 204D 205A 206C 207B 208C 209A 210B
211A 212D 213C 214BB 215D 216A 217A 218C 219A 220A
221B 222B 223B 224D 225B 226D 227C 228B 229C 230D
231B 232B 233B 234A 235C 236A 237B 238B 239A 240B
241A 242B 243B 244A 245C 246D 247D 248A 249D 250D
251C 252A 253C 254A 255B 256C 257B 258C 259B 260B
261A 262B 263C 264A 265C 266D 257B 268A 269B 270A
271D 272B 273A 274D 275A 276AC 277A 278D 279A 280C
281C 282B 283B 284C 285A 286C 287A 288D 289B 290B
291A 292C 293A 294B 295D 296C 297B 298A 299C 300A
301A 302B 303D 304C 305A 306C 307C 308A 309D 310D
311C

CHUYN 2: KIM LOI KIM, KIM LOI KIM TH, NHM
BI 1 : KIM LOI KIM V HP CHT CA KIM LOI KIM
1A 2A 3B 4C 5C 6D 7C 8B 9A 10B
11C 12A 13C 14B 15C 16A 17A 18D 19B 20D
21C 22D 23D 24D 25B 26B 27B 28C 29C 30C
31B 32A 33C 34C 35A 36A 37B 38A 39B 40A
41D 42C 43B 44D 45A 46C 47A 48A 49A 50A
51B 52B 53B 54B 55B 56B 57A 58B 59C 60A
61A 62B 63B 64C 65A 66A 67D 68B 69B 70B
71D 72A 73D 74B 75C 76B 77C 78D 78B 80A
81A 82B 83B 84D 85C 86B 87A 88A 89D 90B
91AB 92B 93D 94B 95C 96A 97B 98D 99D 100B
101D 102D 103A 104B 105A 106C 107B 108B 109B 110B
111A 112A 113A 114B 115A 116B 117A 118A 119D 120D
121C 122C 123D 124C 125A 126C 127B 128C 129D 130D
131B 132D 133C 134C 135C 136C 137A 138B 139B 140D
BI 2 : KIM LOI KIM TH V HP CHT CA

KIM LOI KIM TH
1B 2B 3D 4A 5B 6A 7B 8D 9D 10B
11C 12C 13D 14B 15D 16B 17C 18B 19C 20D
21A 22A 23B 24A 25C 26D 27A 28A 29A 30D
31D 32C 33C 34D 35B 36B 37A 38C 39C 40D
41A 42A 43D 44D 45D 46B 47A 48B 49C 50B
51C 52DA 53C 54B 55B 56A 57A 58A 59A 60A
61A 62C 63D 64A 65A 66AB 67D 68A 69B 70C
71A 72A 73D 74B 75B 76A 77A 78D 78A 80A
81C 82A 83B 84B 85A 86B 87C 88D 89B 90B
91BD 92C 93D 94DD 95A 96A 97B 98C 99C 100D
101D 102C 103A 104D 105C 106D 107A 108B 109A 110B
111C 112C 113C 114C 115D 116A 117B 118C 119D 120A
121D 122C 123C 124A 125D 126A 127C 128C 129B 130C
131A 132C 133C 134C 135B 136D 137B 138D 139D 140C
141C 142A 143D 144B 145C 146D 147B 148B 149C 150D
151B 152B 153B 154CAD 155B 156D 157D 158B 159C 160A
161C 163B 163C 164B 165C 166B 167A 168D 169C 170A
171C 172D 173A 174B 175B 176D 177C 178D 179A 180C
BI 3 : NHM V HP CHT CA NHM
1D 2B 3C 4A 5B 6D 7B 8B 9B 10C
11B 12D 13B 14B 15A 16A 17A 18B 19D 20A
21D 22C 23B 24A 25A 26D 27D 28A 29B 30B
31B 32B 33D 34B 35B 36B 37B 38D 39C 40C
41C 42B 43D 44C 45D 46D 47A 48D 49B 50A
51C 52B 53D 54B 55A 56D 57D 58B 59D 60D
61D 62D 63C 64A 65D 66B 67D 68B 69C 70C
71C 72A 73D 74B 75B 76D 77C 78C 78B 80C
81B 82A 83B 84A 85D 86B 87A 88A 89B 90A
91B 92B 93B 94C 95D 96D 97D 98A 99A 100A
101A 102B 103A 104AC 105A 106A 107D 108C 109C 110C
111A 112B 113D 114A 115B 116D 117A 118A 119D 120D
121B 122C 123B 124A 125C 126D 127C 128C 129C 130B
131B 132D 133A 134B 135C 136D 137A 138A 139C 140C
141B 142C 143B 144A 145D 146A 147D 148B 149B 150A
151A 152A 153A 154B 155A 156C 157B 158A 159B 160C
161A 162B 163C 164C 165B 166A 167B 168C 169A 170D
171D 172B 173C 174A 175D 176A 177A 178C 179D 180B
181B 182B 183A 184B 185B 186D 187B 188C 189C 190D
191C 192A 193C 194C 195C 196D 197A 198B 199B 200D
201A 202C 203D 204D 205B 206B 207A 208B 209B 210A
211B 212A 213C 214B 215A 216A 217C 218C 219B 220C
221C 222D 223B 224A 225B 226B

CHUYN 3: CROM, ST, NG, NIKEN, CH, KM,

VNG, BC, THIC
BI 1 : CROM V HP CHT CA CROM
1B 2C 3B 4C 5C 6A 7A 8B 9A 10C
11C 12B 13C 14C 15A 16B 17C 18D 19C 20C
21B 22A 23D 24D 25B 26A 27C 28A 29D 30C
31B 32C 33A 34B 35C 36D 37D 38C 39A 40C
41D 42C 43B 44B 45C 46C 47C 48D 49A 50C
51D 52D 53B 54D 55B 56D 57B 58A 59C 60A
61B 62B 63B 64B 65B 66D 67A 68D 69C 70B
71D 72C 73A 74A 75A 76B 77B 78A 78A 80A
81C 82B 83D 84C 85C 86D 87B 88D 89C
Mi th khng lun ging nh bn ngh
C hai thin thn, mt gi mt tr, ang i ngao du v dng li ngh m ti mt gia nh giu c.
Gia nh giu c nhng khim nh khng cho nhng thin thn ngh phng khch. Thay vo
, h ch cho cc thin thn mt ch trong tng hm lnh lo.
Khi ang nm ng, v thin thn gi nhn thy mt ci l trn bc tng ca tng hm. V thin thn
lin dy sa li bc tng bng cch bt li ci l. Khi thin thn tr hi ti sao lm vy, thin thn
gi p, Mi th khng lun ging nh con ngh.
m hm sau, hai thin thn ngh chn ti mt gia nh nng dn ngho nhng mn khch. Sau khi
chia cho h phn thc n t i ca mnh, v chng ch nh nhng chic ging ca mnh cho
cc thin thn ngh trn . Sng hm sau, khi thc dy, cc thin thn thy v chng ngi nng
dn ang khc. Con b sa, ngun thu nhp duy nht ca h, cht ngoi ng.
Thin thn tr tc gin hi thin thn gi, Ti sao ng c th iu ny xy ra? Ngi ch nh

u tin c mi th th ng li gip , trong khi gia nh ny rt ngho kh v sn sng chia s
th ng li cho con b ca h cht.
Mi th khng lun ging nh con ngh, thin thn gi tr li. Khi chng ta trong tng hm
ca to lu i, ta thy c mt kho vng c giu trong ci l trn tng. Nhng v tn ch
nh qu tham lam v ch k, ta bt kn ci l li khin hn khng th tm ra kho bu.
Cn m qua, khi chng ta ng trong nh ngi nng dn, thn cht n y v nh ly i mng
sng ca ngi v. Ta xin thn cht ly mng sng ca con b thay cho mng sng ca b y.
i khi, mi vic xy ra khng theo bn mun. Nhng nu bn c nim tin, bn hy lun tin rng
cc thin thn lun bn bn sp xp mi chuyn xy ra c li cho bn. Ch c iu, c th phi
mt mt thi gian sau bn mi nhn ra c iu .

BI 2 : ST V HP CHT CA ST. HP KIM CA ST
1DCD 2D 3A 4A 5D 6A 7D 8D 9D 10A
11A 12D 13CC 14D 15D 16C 17C 18C 19A 20C
21B 22C 23B 24D 25D 26A 27C 28A 29A 30A
31A 32D 33C 34D 35BB 36B 37B 38C 39B 40D
41D 42C 43C 44C 45D 46C 47AB 48B 49C 50B
51D 52D 53D 54C 55D 56B 57C 58C 59B 60B
61C 62B 63D 64CB 65A 66C 67A 68B 69D 70D
71A 72B 73C 74A 75C 76C 77C 78B 78B 80C
81D 82B 83C 84C 85B 86C 87D 88A 89A 90B
91C 92A 93C 94D 95C 96A 97C 98B 99B 100D
101B 102A 103A 104D 105B 106C 107B 108C 109C 110D
111B 112B 113A 114B 115D 116B 117A 118C 119C 120B
121D 122A 123A 124D 125B 126D 127A 128B 129B 130B
131B 132D 133C 134D 135B 136D 137B 138A 139A 140B
141B 142B 143C 144D 145B 146C 147C 148A 149C 150D
151B 152C 153B 154A 155A 156A 157A 158D 159A 160B
161C 162A 163B 164A 165C 166A 167D 168D 169A 170AB
171C 172D 173C 174B 175A 176B 177B 178A 179CB 180B
181C 182C 183A 184B 185C 186A 187A 188A 189B 190B
191B 192B 193A 194C 195B 196A 197C 198A 199B 200A
201B 202A 203B 204C 205B 206A 207B 208B 209A 210D
211D 212B 213C 214B 215CC 216C 217A 218B 219A 220B
221C 222B 223C 224A 225B 226B 227A 228B 229C 230C
231C 232C 233B 234A 235D 236C 237D 238A 239A 240C
241B 242BB 243C 244A 245B 246C 247B 248B 249A 250C
251A 252A 253D 254A 255B 256A 257D 258A 259D 260A
261C 262A 263B 264C 265D 266B 267A 268C 268C 270A
271D 272A 273B 274B 275A 276B 277B 278A 279B 280D
281D 282B 283A 284C 285C 286C 287B 288B 289A 290CAA
291D 292D 293A 294D 295C 296B 297D 298D 299B 300D
301C 302B 303D 304A 305A 306C 307A

BI 3 : NG V MT S KIM LOI KHC
1D 2B 3A 4BA 5D 6C 7A 8B 9B 10C
11C 12B 13A 14B 15A 16B 17A 18B 19A 20C
21D 22A 23C 24D 25B 26D 27D 28B 29D 30D
31D 32C 33B 34B 35B 36A 37D 38D 39A 40B
41A 42A 43A 44A 45A 46C 47A 48B 49A 50C
51A 52B 53D 54C 55A 56B 57A 58B 59C 60A
61D 62A 63A 64A 65C 66B 67D 68B 69A 70B
71D 72C 73A 74C 75B 76A 77B 78A 78B 80A
81A 82C 83D 84A 85D 86C 87B 88D 89B 90B
91C 92BB 93D 94B 95B 96B 97D 98D 99B 100B
101C 102D 103D 104D 105B 106D 107A 108B 109B 110D
111D 112D 113A 114A 115D 116D 117D 118A 119A
Bi hc t loi ngng
Vo ma thu, khi bn thy n ngng bay v phng Nam trnh ng theo hnh ch V, bn c t
hi nhng l l khoa hc no c th rt ra t ? Mi khi mt con ngng v i cnh ca mnh,
n to ra mt lc y cho con ngng bay sau n. Bng cch bay theo hnh ch V, n ngng tit
kim c 71% sc lc so vi khi chng bay tng con mt.
Khi l thnh vin ca mt nhm, ta cng chia s nhng mc tiu chung, ta s i n ni ta mun
nhanh hn v d dng hn, v ta ang i da trn s tin tng ln nhau.
Mi khi con ngng bay lc hi hnh ch V ca n, n nhanh chng cm thy sc tr ko v nhng
kh khn ca vic bay mt mnh. N nhanh chng tr li n bay theo hnh ch V nh c v
c hng nhng u th ca sc mnh by n.
Nu chng ta cng cm nhn s tinh t ca loi ngng, chng ta s chia s thng tin vi nhng
ngi cng ang cng mt mc tiu nh chng ta.
Khi con ngng u n mt mi, n s chuyn sang v tr bn cnh v mt con ngng khc s dn
u.
Chia s v tr lnh o s em li li ch cho tt c v nhng cng vic kh khn nn c thay
phin nhau m nhn.
Ting ku ca n ngng t ng sau s ng vin nhng con i u gi c tc ca chng.
Nhng li ng vin s to nn sc mnh cho nhng ngi ang u con sng, gip h gi vng
tc , thay v h mi ngy phi chu ng p lc cng vic v s mt mi trin min.
Cui cng khi mt con ngng b bnh hay b thng ri xung, hai con ngng khc s ri khi by
cng xung vi con ngng b thng v bo v n. Chng s li cho n khi no con ngng b
thng c th bay li c hoc l cht v khi chng s nhp vo mt n khc v bay v
Phng Nam.
Nu chng ta c tinh thn ca loi ngng, chng ta s st cnh bn nhau khi c kh khn. Ln sau
c c hi thy mt n Ngng bay bn hy nh....Bn ang hng mt c n khi l thnh vin ca
mt nhm.

CHUYN 4: PHN BIT MT S CHT V C, CHUN

DUNG DCH, HO HC V VN PHT
TRIN KINH T, X HI, MI TRNG
1D 2B 3D 4D 5D 6CA 7B 8A 9D 10B
11C 12B 13D 14A 15C 16A 17C 18A 19B 20D
21D 22D 23C 24D 25A 26A 27A 28A 29B 30B
31B 32C 33D 34A 35D 36C 37B 38D 39C 40B
41A 42C 43D 44D 45A 46C 47D 48A 49A 50D
51D 52D 53A 54B 55B 56B 57B 58B 59B 60D
61C 62D 63D 64D 65B 66BC 67B 68B 69B 70C
71D 72B 73D 74B 75B 76C 77B 78B 79D 80D
81A 82D 83C 84C 85C 86A 87D 88D 89A 90A
91D 92D 93C 94B 95C 96A 97B 98D 99B 100A
101C 102B 103B 104B 105A 106C 107A 108B 109A 110C
111C 112D 113B 114C
Gieo v Gt
Gieo thnh tht, s gt lng tin

Gieo lng tt, s gt thn thin
Gieo khim tn, s gt cao thng
Gieo kin nhn, s gt chin thng
Gieo cn nhc, s gt ho thun
Gieo chm ch, s gt thnh cng
Gieo tha th, s gt ho gii
Gieo ci m, s gt thn mt
Gieo chu ng, s gt cng tc
Gieo nim tin, s gt php mu
Gieo di tr, s gt ng vc
Gieo ch k, s gt c n
Gieo kiu hnh, s gt hu dit
Gieo k, s gt phin mun
Gieo li bing, s gt m mn
Gieo cay ng, s gt c lp

Gieo tham lam, s gt tn hi
Gieo tm pho, s gt k th
Gieo lo lng, s gt u lo
Gieo ti li, s gt ti li

Trn bc ng thnh cng khng c du chn ca k li bing
Cuc sng m ! Ai m khng c mc tiu ca ring mnh. Trong x hi ngy cng vn minh tin
b, chng ta phi khng ngng n lc vn ln, pht huy ht kh nng t c iu m chng
ta mun, i c n ci ch m chng ta ra. Trn th gii nu c mt ngi l thin ti th
hng ngn ngi khc l m hi nc mt c c s thnh cng. V s thnh cng y s
khng bao gi c ch cho nhng k li bing cng nh cu ni y ngha v c tc dng gio
dc cao ca L Tn : "Trn bc ng thnh cng khng c bc chn ca k li bing".
Trc ht chng ta cn phi hiu thnh cng l g. N khng phi ch l kim tht nhiu tin m n
cn l kht vng l hoi bo l c m, l cuc sng y v tinh thn v vt cht, l mc ch
cao qu, v cng l ch n ca con mi con ngi. i khi nhng n ci lm con ngi ta m
lng li xut pht t nhng vic tng chng nh n gin trong cuc sng. Khi bn c im cao
cng chnh l lc n ci n trn mi bn sau nhng n lc hc tp khng ngng c nhng lc
thnh cng ch gin n l nhng nim vui nh b trong cuc sng. Bn c bit cu chuyn v mt
c b 8 tui vng v lm cho m mnh chic tp d nu bp tuy rng n xu nhng trong mt ngi
m ca ca c b l chic tp d p nht. Bn c thy c b y c thnh cng khng? c th bn
thy chuyn chng c g t ho hay thnh cng c nhng tht s c b y thnh cng ,
thnh cng trong vic mng li cho m c y n ci hnh phc. Thnh cng i khi ch n gin
vy thi nhng nhng thnh cng to ln, v vang l iu khng th ph nhn. Nh Bc H ngi
a Vit Nam vo con ng cch mng vt qua nhng kh khn gian kh c 1 Vit Nam
nh ngy hm nay l s n lc khng ngng ca bc.
Chng ta u bit con ng i n thnh cng khng c tri bng hoa, hay th nc trong, tinh
khit m n n cho chng ta vi bao nhiu l chng gai th thch. Con ng s l con ng
vinh quang i vi nhng ai chm ch bit n lc ht mnh nhng s l m ly i vi nhng ai
li bing li khng bt tay vo cng vic d dng bung sui t b mc tiu ca mnh. Hay ni
cch khc ci ch ca nhng k li bing, khng chm ch hc tp, nghin cu tm ti, sng to...
Chnh l tht bi.
Trong hc tp hc sinh, sinh vin ang ngi trn gh nh trng ci ch cui cng l tt nghip
c cc cp hc v ra trng c ngnh ngh, to lp cuc sng cho mnh tm cho mnh vt cht
v tinh thn. Nhng nu hc sinh, sinh vin trong qu trnh hc tp, nghin cu li li bing, ham
chi, khng hc tp mt cch nghim tc, chm ch, vt qua nhng kh khn, thiu thn v vt
cht cng nh tinh thn th khng th c kt qu tt c. Ngc li, nu hc sinh, sinh vin m
vt qua c nhng kh khn, th thch, chm ch lao ng, hc tp, nghin cu, tm ti sng to
th chc chn s i n c thnh cng. Chng phi nhng bn li bing ch bit da dm vo
ngi khc s khng bao gi t c kt qu cao tht s sao.
Nhiu ngi t cho mnh l thng minh, l ti nng khng cn hc tp chm ch v ch hc lt
qua, khng rn luyn k nng trong hc tp n khi vo cng vic, bi hc c th th li khng gii
quyt ng quy trnh dn n sai kt qu.
Nh Thomas Edison tin hnh hn 1000 th nghim tm ra dy tc cho bng n ngy nay.
1 ngi thin ti cng phi lao ng mit mi, ct lc, chm ch mi c th thnh cng. Th mi
thy, t c thnh cng v mc ch m ta t ra, mi con ngi cn phi n lc hc tp v
lm vic ht mnh. V hn ht, con ng dn n thnh cng cng khng rng m i vi nhng
k li bing. N ch m rng i vi nhng con ngi sing nng, lm vic ht mnh. V nhng
con ngi sing nng khng nhng s t c thnh cng nht nh trong cuc sng m sing
nng cn l yu t tch cc, l c s gip con ngi ta d dng hc hi, tm ti nhng kin thc mi
b ch.

Nu chng ta mun c thnh cng th chm ch hc tp v lm vic l yu t quan trng nht. Trong
x hi ngy nay c rt nhiu ngi thnh cng trong hc tp, lao ng, cng tc trong tt c
cc lnh vc ca i sng x hi l nh qu trnh chm ch hc tp, lao ng, nghin cu,...Nhng
cng c khng t ngi v qu ham chi m sa ng vo cc t nn x hi, nhiu ngi phi tr
gi rt t cho s li bing, khng chm ch hc tp, lao ng,.. ca mnh. Mc d chm ch l mt
yu t rt quan trng i n thnh cng nhng bn cnh chng ta cn phi hc tp v lm
vic mt cch c phng php, cch thc thng minh, hiu qu c th thnh cng mt cch
rc r.
Thc s con ng i n thnh cng ch n cho nhng ai bit trn trng, phn u. L hc sinh
ang ngi trn ngh nh trng, chng ta cn phi khng ngng hc tp, trau di kin thc, o c
tu thn lp nghip, t c thnh cng trong cuc sng. Phi n lc ht mnh t c mc
nh sng, nim vui hnh phc ca i mnh; thnh t trong x hi,lm t nc thm phn
vinh, pht trin, snh ngang vi cc nc trn th gii.
Nguyn Cao Cng

4 CHUYÊN ĐỀ HÓA ĐẠI CƯƠNG VÀ VÔ CƠ 12 PDF

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

4 CHUYÊN ĐỀ HÓA ĐẠI CƯƠNG VÀ VÔ CƠ 12 PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Bin son : Thy Nguyn Minh Tun Trng THPT chuyn Hng Vng Ph Th; T 01223 367 990

Phn 1: Gii thiu 4 chuyn

Chuyn 1 : i cng v kim loi 11

Chuyn 2 : Kim loi kim, kim loi kim th,

Chuyn 3 : Crom, st, ng, niken, ch, km,

Chuyn 4 : Phn bit mt s cht v c,

Trn bc ng thnh cng khng c du chn ca k li bing 1

2 Trn bc ng thnh cng khng c du chn ca k li bing

B ti liu n thi i hc, cao ng mn ha hc

Quyn 1 : Gii thiu 7 chuyn ha hc 10

Quyn 2 : Gii thiu 3 chuyn ha hc i cng v v c 11

Quyn 3 : Gii thiu 6 chuyn ha hc hu c 11

Quyn 4 : Gii thiu 4 chuyn ha hc hu c 12

Quyn 5 : Gii thiu 4 chuyn ha hc i cng v v c 12

Quyn 6 : Gii thiu 11 phng php gii nhanh bi tp ha hc

Quyn 7 : Gii thiu 40 luyn thi trc nghim mn ha hc

Quyn 8 : Hng dn gii 7 chuyn ha hc 10

Quyn 9 : Hng dn gii 3 chuyn ha hc i cng v v c 11

Quyn 10 : Hng dn gii 6 chuyn ha hc hu c 11

Quyn 11 : Hng dn gii 4 chuyn ha hc hu c 12

Quyn 12 : Hng dn gii 4 chuyn ha hc i cng v v c 12

Trn bc ng thnh cng khng c du chn ca k li bing 3

Nhng iu thy mun ni :

iu th nht thy mun ni vi cc em rng : la tui ca cc em, khng

iu th hai thy mun ni rng : Nu cc em c mt c m trong sng th

" - i bng ku ln - c g ti c th bay nh nhng con chim ".

By g ci m ln: "Anh khng th bay vi nhng con chim c. Anh l mt con g v g

i bng tip tc ngc nhn gia nh tht s ca n, m c c th bay cao cng h. Mi ln

Trong cuc sng cng vy: Nu bn tin rng bn l mt ngi tm thng, bn

4 Trn bc ng thnh cng khng c du chn ca k li bing

Chng trnh n thi i hc cao ng mn ha hc

Chuyn s Tn chuyn S bui hc

Chuyn s Tn chuyn S bui hc

Trn bc ng thnh cng khng c du chn ca k li bing 5

Chuyn s Tn chuyn S bui hc

Phng php gii nhanh bi tp ha hc

Chuyn s Tn chuyn S bui hc

luyn thi trc nghim mn ha hc

Mi bui hc cha 02 , 40 cha trong 20 bui.

6 Trn bc ng thnh cng khng c du chn ca k li bing

Trn bc ng thnh cng khng c du chn ca k li bing 7

Nhng nghch l ny ang din ra hng ngy xung quanh bn

Bn c phi l ngi yu qu v quan tm n sc khe ca bn thn v ngi thn ca mnh hay

8 Trn bc ng thnh cng khng c du chn ca k li bing

PHN 1 : GII THIU 4 CHUYN

CHUYN 1: I CNG V KIM LOI

BI 1 : TNH CHT CHUNG CA KIM LOI. HP KIM

b. Mng tinh th lp phng tm din

Trn bc ng thnh cng khng c du chn ca k li bing 11

c. Mng tinh th lp phng tm khi

4. Lin kt kim loi

12 Trn bc ng thnh cng khng c du chn ca k li bing

- Kim loi do nht l Au, sau n Ag, Al, Cu, Sn,

Trn bc ng thnh cng khng c du chn ca k li bing 13

14 Trn bc ng thnh cng khng c du chn ca k li bing

IV. Dy in ho ca kim loi

Trn bc ng thnh cng khng c du chn ca k li bing 15

2Ag+ + Cu Cu2+ + 2Ag

Ai quyt nh s phn mnh

16 Trn bc ng thnh cng khng c du chn ca k li bing

B. PHNG PHP GII BI TP V KIM LOI

Trn bc ng thnh cng khng c du chn ca k li bing 17

V d 2: Cho 11,2 lt hn hp kh A gm clo v oxi phn ng va ht vi 16,98 gam hn hp B