FORMULARIO OFICIAL PARA CERTAMENES DE FIS 140

Constantes ptica Geomtrica

n = c/v n11 = n2 2
c = 3 108 [m / s] ; e 1,6 10 19 [C]
n1 sen 1 = n2 sen 2 r = 1
k c = 1 40 = 9, 10 [Nm / C ] 9 2 2
1 1 1
+ =
s s'
e2 40 = 1,44[eV nm] ; 0 = 4 10 7 [N / A 2 ] = R / 2 : espejos
34 15
h = 6,6 10 [J s] = 4,110 [eV s] 1 1 1
= ( n 1) : lentes
h c = 1240 [eV nm] = h / 2 R1 R 2

NA = 6,0 10 23 [m ol 1 ]

k B = 1,38 10 23 [J / K] = 1/ 12000[eV / K]
1[eV] = 1,6 10 19 [J]
1[u] = 1,66 10 27 [kg] = 931,5 MeV / c 2

1[ m] = 10 15 [m]

Fsica clsica

dp v2
Fneta = ; p = mv ; ac =
dt R
ptica Ondulatoria
1 p2 mgh
K = m v2 = ; E = K+U Dos fuentes en fase:
2 2m 1

U= kx 2
2 I = I0 cos2 = k d sen
(
F = q E + vB ) q V
2

m : m xim os

( )
Ecuaciones de Maxwell dsen = 1
m+ : m nim os
E dA = Q / 0 ; B dA = 0 2

sen + sen = 2 sen [( +)/2] cos [( )/2]

d d
E ds = ; B ds = 0I + 0 0 Interferencia N rendijas:
dt B dt E 2
sen N / 2
I = I0 = k d sen
E = E dA ; B = B dA sen / 2
2
sen / 2
Difraccin una rendija : I = I0
w E = E2 / 2 w B = B2 / 20 /2
= k a sen ; a sen = m : m nim os.
Onda electromagntica
Red de difraccin: dsen = m : m xim os.
2E y E
1 Ey
2
k
= 2
x2 v t2 B S = ExB / 0 Polarizacin: I = I0 cos2

2B z 1 Bz
2
1 Resolucin: D sen = 1,22
= ; v=
x2 v2 t2

E y (x, t) = E0 cos(kx t)
Bz (x,t) = B0 cos(kx t)
B0 = E0 / v n = c/v
= kv v = f = 2 f k = 2 / n n
1
w E = w B = E2
2
w EB = w E + w B
0 dx 0 dx
1
S = I = v w EB = v E02 S = Potencia / Area
2
Energia : E = S A t
Momentum : p = E c
Relatividad especial Configuracin electrnica
x ' = ( x vt ) ; y ' = y ; z' = z 1s 2
2 s 2 2 p 6

1
t ' = ( t v x / c2 ) ; = 3 s 2
3 p 6
3 d 1 0

1 (v / c)2 4 s 2
4 p 6
4 d 1 0
4 f 1 4

2
uy 5 s
ux v
u'x = ; u'y =
1 ux v / c (1 ux v / c 2 )
2

Molculas
uz L
u'z = ; L = 0 ; = 0 2
(1 ux v / c 2 ) Erot. = J ( J + 1) ; J = 1 ,
2I
Dinmica de una partcula: 1
Evib. = + h ; = 1
dp 2
F= ; p = mu ; E0 = m c 2
dt
Nuclear
; E 2 = E02 + ( pc )
2
E = m c 2 = E0 + K A
Z
XN , A = Z+N Radio = 1,2 A1/ 3 [ m]
Cuntica
Decaimiento
h 1 p2
B = E = h K = m v2 = N(t) = N0 e t N(t) = N0 2 t / T
p 2 2m
I = eT 4 = 5,67 10 [W / m K ]
8 2 4
T = ( 2) ; R=
dN
= N
mT = 3 10 3
[m K ] : Cuerpo Negro dt
h = K mx. + 0 : E. Fotoelctrico : 42 He , : e +
' = C (1 cos ) : E. Compton
h
Energa de ligazn (Eb )
C = = 2, 4 1 0 12 [m] : e lectro n
mc M ( AZ X ) = ( Z mp + Nm ) E
n b / c2
2dsen = m : Rayos X
x p x h 4 P. Incertidumbre Energa en reposo: mc 2 [MeV ]
Electrn : 0,511 ( m = 9,11 10 31 [ kg ] )
2

2 + U ( r,t ) = i .
2m t Neutrn : 939,57
( x,t ) = ( x ) e iEt /
Tritin 3
H : 2808,94
1
2
d 2
Protn 11H : 938,28 ( m = 1,67 1027 [ kg ] )
1dimensin: + U = E
2m dx 2
2
''+ k 2 = 0 = e ikx Deutern 1 H : 1875,63
'' 2 = 0 = e x 4
2 He : 3727,40
2
Valor medio: f = f(x) (x) dx
Smbolos para potencias de 10
10 9 : n
Pozo infinito
U(x) = 0, 0 < x < L (x) = A senk x 10 6 :
2 2 103 : k
kn = n / L En = 2
n2 106 : M
2m L
109 : G
tomos hidrogenoides
2
dP = (r, , ) r 2sen drd d Ayudas

+
Z
En = 13,6[eV] 2
2
= +
n

L= ( + 1) , = 1
+ =
Lz = m , m = 0, 1

Energa magntica: EB = B =
e
= L
2m