1428/1429

/

 1428/1429

/

 1428/1429
\

Solids
Cube
Cuboid
Ball
Cylinder
Pyramid
Conical cap
Cone
Geometric shapes
Square
Rectangle
Triangle
Circle
Types of lines
Curve
Open curve
Closed curve
Straight line
Line segment
Ray
Broken line
Measuring
Measuring lengths
Perimeter
Area
Protractor
Compasses
The angles
Types of triangles
The right angled triangle
The obtuse angled triangle
The acute - angled triangle
The equilateral triangle
The isosceles triangle
The scalene triangle

/

 1428/1429
Drawing triangles
Length width
Heights of the triangles
Rhombus
Parallel gram
Trapezium
Isosceles trapezium

/

 1428/1429

Circular cylinder
Prism
Total area
Lateral area
Volume
sphere
Horizontal
Vertical
Oblique
Curved
Parallel
Transversal
Locus
Acute
Obtuse
Right angle
Reflex
Supplementary
Complementary
Adjacent
Opposite
Corresponding
Alternate
Co interior
An exterior angle
An interior angle
Hypotenuse
Congruent
Axis of symmetry
Bisects
Bisector
Intersect
Perpendicular
Antecedent
Consequent
Cross multiply
/

 1428/1429
Decimal
Decimal place
Denominator
Numerator
Extremes
Means
Fraction

/

 1428/1429

Hundredth 1/100
Percent
Ratio
Proportion
Scale drawing
Comparison
Equivalent
Reciprocals
Extended proportion
Limit
specified
Function
Real functions
Unspecified
Undefined
Approaches
Polynomials function
Factorization
Conjugate
Theorem
Value
Domain
Common
Complementary
Interval
Integral
Infinity
The substitution
Greatest power
Variation function
Average rate of change
The rate of change
Derivative
Tangent
Slope
Parallel

/

 1428/1429
Value
X axis
Y axis
Intersection
Equation
Inequalities
Solution set

/

 1428/1429

Substitution set
Empty set
Polynomial function
Vice versa
Cartesian plane
Slope of the straight line
Horizontal variation
Vertical variation
Cost
Simultaneous
Simultaneous equation
Practical application
Ordered pair
Algebraic term
Algebraic expression
Point of origin
Circumference
Semi circle
Radius
Radii
Diameter
An arc
Chord
Segment
Sector
Tangent
Secant
Concentric
Circumcircle
Circumscribed
Defined ()
Undefined
)Quantity (amount
Uniform velocity
Modulus
Absolute value
/

 1428/1429
Quadratic equation
Linear equation
Exponential equation

/

 1428/1429

Irrational form
)Reduced (simplify
)Expand (calculate
Lateral area
Total area
)Outer (external
Inner
Dimensions
)Vessel (container
Thickness
Rational numbers
Irrational numbers
Expand the brackets
Hint
Fractions
Half
Quarter
)Three over seven (three sevenths 3/7
)One ninth (one over nine 1/9
Equal fractions
Common denominators
Fraction from of an integer
Mixed numbers
Solids
Cube
Cuboid
Ball
Cylinder
Pyramid
Conical cap
Cone
Geometric shapes
Square
Rectangle
Triangle

/

 1428/1429
Circle
Types of lines
Curve
Open curve
Closed curve
Straight line
Line segment

/

 1428/1429

Ray
Broken line
Measuring
Measuring lengths
Perimeter
Area
Protractor
Compasses
The angles
Types of triangles
The right angled triangle
The obtuse - angles triangle
The acute - angles triangle
The equilateral triangle
The isosceles triangle
The scalene triangle
Drawing triangles
Length
Heights of the triangles
Rhombus
Parallel gram
Trapezium
Isosceles trapezium
Circular cylinder
Prism
Total area
Lateral area
Volume
Sphere
Equivalent
Coefficient
Finite
Infinite
Multiplicative inverse
Additive inverse

/

 1428/1429
Neutral element of multiplication
Neutral element of addition
Intercepted part
Commutative
Equation of the first degree in one
variable
Curly
Factors

/

 1428/1429

Prime numbers
2 is one of the factors of 12 2 12
Factorization
Common factors
)Highest common factors (H.C.F ( . .)
Common multiples
)Lowest common multiple(L.C.M ( ..
)
Degree of algebraic term
The coefficient of the term
Like terms
Multiplying directly
Perfect square trinomial
Factorizing by grouping
Applications of factorization
Sets
Form the set of
Circle the set of
?Which set is greater
?Which set is smaller
?Are the two sets equal
Draw
Digit
Number
Count and write the number
Notice then color
Arrange the numbers in an ascending
order
Arrange the numbers in an descending
order
Put the suitable sign
Addition
subtraction

/

 1428/1429

Decimals
Decimal point
Comparing decimals
Ordering decimals
Approximation
Division
Finite division
Infinite division
The place value
Renaming
Multiplication
Concrete
Pictorial
Symbolic
The empty set
Finite set
In finite set
Venn diagrams
The universal set
The complement of a set
Subsets
Proper subsets
Improper subsets
Contains
Intersection
Union
Difference
Associative ()
Commutative
Neutral element for addition
Neutral element for multiplication
Cumulative frequency
Ascending cumulative frequency
Descending cumulative frequency
Histograms
Frequency polygons
Frequency curve
/

 1428/1429
Arithmetic mean

/

 1428/1429

Pentagon
hexagon
heptagon
octagon
Nonagon
decagon
Units and tens
Complete
Perfect tens
Multiplication
Odd numbers
Even numbers

/

 1428/1429

/

 1428/1429

Symbols Language
5+4 Five plus four or four added to five
54 Five minus four or five take away four
54 Five times four or five multiplied by four
54 Five divided by four
5 .21 Five point two one
7.204 Seven point two zero four
-5 or 5 Negative five
4/5 Four fifth or four over five
X2 x squared or x to the power two
X3 x cubed or x to the power three
X4 x fourth or x to the power four or x to the fourth (power)
(X + Y)2 x plus y all squared
Y/ x+1 y over x plus 1
Y/(x + 1) y over x plus 1
ex e to the x
X! Factorial x
x Mod x or modulus of x or absolute value of x
[x] Integral part of x
Sin x Sine x
Cos x Cos x
Tan x Tan x
F (x) F of x
Fog F oh g
1
(x)
f F to the minus one (of) x
X x dash
X x double dash
dy / dx dy by dx
d2y / dx2 d two y by dx squared
X. (= dx/ dt) x dot
x.. (= d2x / dt2) x double dot
y / x Partial dy by dx
2 y / y 2 Partial d two y by dx squared
/2 by two or over two
F (x) dx Integral of f of x dx
Integral from zero to of sine two x dx
0
sin 2x dx
Vector AB
AB
u or u Vector u
a.b a dot b
ab a cross b
Implies that

/

 1428/1429
Is equivalent to
There exists
For all
Is a member of
Or Delta
Del

Symbol Language
s
a0 a nought or a zero or a sub zero
a1 A one or a sub one
a20 a nought squared or a zero squared
b1,2 B one two
Log 106 Log six to the base ten
Inx Log x to the base e
A B A intersection B
AUB A union B
A The complement of A

1 Sigma from r equal zero (nought) to infinity of one over r
r
r =0 Or the sum of one over r from r equals zero to infinity
X^ (=x/ x ) X hat

2 Root two or square root of two

5 2 Five root two
3
2 Cube root of two
3
5 2 Five times the cube root of two
4
2 Fourth root of two
lim
The limit as h tends to zero of
h o
x X bar
x Sigma x bar

/

 1428/1429

/

 1428/1429

/

 1428/1429

/

 1428/1429

Theorem
IF F(x) is a polynomial function
Then lim F (x) = f (a)
x a
Theorem
IF F (X) and h(x) are two functions
1) Lim ( F(X) +- H (X) ) = lim F (X) +- lim h (x)
x a x a x a
2) Lim ( F (X) . H(X) ) = lim F (X) . lim h (x)
x a x a x a
lim F (x)
3) Lim F (x) = x a where h (x) O
h (x) lim h (x)
x a x a

let F (X) and g (X) are two functions in the variable

IF F(x) = g (x) for all x R except at x = a
And lim g (X) exists and equals L
x a
Then lim F (x) = lim g (x) = L
x a X a

Example:-
Find lim ( 2x + 5 )
X 3
Solution
F(x) = 2x + 5 F(3)= 6 + 5 = 11
Lim F(X) = 11
x 3
Example:-
Find lim 1
x 3 x-3
Solution F(3) = 1 undefined quantity
0
/

 1428/1429

Example:-
By using factorization

Find lim x2 x - 2
2
X 2 x 2x

Solution F(2) = 4 2 - 2 = 0 unspecified quantity

4-4 0
x2 x - 2 = (x-2) (x+1) = x+1 = x = .2
x2 2x x(x-1) x
lim x2 x - 2 = lim 2+1 = 3
2
x 2 x 2x x 2 2 2

Example:-
Find lim x2 x - 2 By using Division
2
x 1 x 2x
Solution
2
F(x) = x 2 x - 2 F(1) = 1 + 1 - 2 = 0 unspecified quantity
x 2x 1-1 0

x2 + 2x + 2
x-1 x3 + x2 2
x3 x2
2x2
2x2 2x
2 x 2
2 x 2
0 0 0

3 2
lim = x +2 x - 2 lim x2 2x + 2
x 1 x 1 x 1 x+1

= 1+2+2 5
1+1 2
/

 1428/1429

Ex.

Find the first derivative of:

Y= 3 - x

Y= 3x (2x + 1)
2
Y= X +2 1
X
Solution

Y=3x dy = -1
dx
Y = 3x (2x + 1)
dy = 3x (2) + (2x +1) (3)
dx
= 6x + 6x + 3 = 12x + 3
2
y = X +2 1
X
dy = X2 (2x) + (X2 + 1) (2x)
dx X4
3 3
= 2X + 2X + 2x = 4X3 + 2x = 4X2 + 2
X4 X4 X3

Ex.
Find the point on the curve F (x) = x3 3x + 4 at
which the tangent to this curve is:

a) parallel to the x ax is
b) parallel to the line 9x y + 1 = 0

/

 1428/1429

Solution:
F (x) = x3 3x + 4

) F-(x = 3x2 3

The tangent is parallel to the x axis

F- (x) = 0 3x2 3 = 0
X2 =1 x =1 0r x = -1

When x = 1 y=13+4=2
When x = -1 y = -1 + 3 + 4 = 6
)The points are (1 , 2) , (-1 , 6

F- (x) = m
m1 = 3x2 3
9x y + 1 = 0
y = 9x + 1 dy = 9
dx
m2 =9
the tangent is parallel to the pine
m1 = m2 3x2 = 9 + 3
= 3x2 12 x2 = 4 x = +- 2

When x = 2 y = 23 3 (2) + 4 = 6
When x = -2 y = (-2)3 3 (-2) + 4 = 2
)The points are (2 , 6) , (-2 , 2

/

 1428/1429

Ex.
The volume of sphere is 4851 cm3 , find its radius length and its area.

Solution
4 r3 = 4851
3 r3 = 1157.625 cm3
r = 10.5 cm
the area of sphere = 4 r2
= 4 22 (10.5)2 = 1386 cm2
7
EX:
Find the possible dimensions of a cuboid of volume 48 cm3 and has a
square shaped base assuming that all its dimensions are whole
number.
EX:
The height of a right prism is 25 cm and its base is an isosceles
trapezium and the lengths of its parallel bases are 12 cm and 24 cm
where the distance between them is 8 cm.
Find the volume of the prism
Its lateral area
Its total area
Solution
6 24cm
(b1 + b2) = (12 + 24) = 18
The area of the base = 18 8 = 144 8
The volume of prism = 18 8 25 = 3600
Lateral area = perimeter of the base height
12cm
= 25 (24 + 12 + 10 + 10) = 56 25 = 1400
Total area = lateral area + twice the area of base
= 1400 + 288

/

 1428/1429

EXECISE
Find the area of the shaded region in each figure:
I) ii)

EX:
The perimeter of a rectangle is 28 cm what is the greatest area for

that rectangle? (the dimensions are integers).

EX:
The sum of the dimensions of a cubiods 240 cm and the ratio between
them is 2 : 3 : 5 find its volume.

EX:
If the surface area of a triangle is 48 cm2 and height is 6 cm find the
length of its base.

/

 1428/1429

Drawing a perpendicular to a straight

line from a given point

A- Drawing a perpendicular to a straight

line from a given point (on it):

Example
Draw a perpendicular to a straight line AB from the point M

(where M is on AB)

Step 1 Step 2

Draw AB, mark a point M on it Place the ruler on the straight line AB

Step 3 Step 4

/

 1428/1429
Place one of the sides of the right Draw MC along the other side of the
angle of the set square along right angle to be perpendicular to
AB where the vertex of the right AB from M.
angle is at M

/

 1428/1429

B- Drawing a perpendicular to a straight

line from a point (not on it) :

Example:
Drawing a perpendicular to a straight line AB from the point M
(where M is out side AB):

Step 1

Draw the straight line AB, mark

a point M.

Such that M is outside AB

Step 2

Place one side of the right angle

of the set square

Triangle along AB

Step 3

Slide the set square triangle

until the other side of the right
angle passes through M. then
draw the

Straight line NM

Then NM AB

/

 1428/1429

Using the Sing (+)

Put some cards 1, 2 , 3 , 4

The students have to read these cards, if the cards id 2 two

pupils have to go out beside the teacher, if the card is 3 three
pupils have to go out beside the teacher.
When add 2 pupils to 3 pupils this means
2 plus 3 , it is written as 2 + 3

Using the Sing (-)

There are 5birds on a tree , what happen if 2 of them fly away
This means 5 Minus 2 , It is written as 5 - 2
Adding and subtracting up to 99

Levels of teaching: 1) Concrete 2)Pictorial 3) Symbolic

1) 3 2
+ 5 1 Add the units first 2 + 1 = 3 units
8 3 Add the tens Next 3 + 5 = 8 tens

83 = 80 + 3
= 8 tens and 3 units

2) 4 3
- 1 2
3 1
3- 2 = 1 unit subtract the units First
4 1 = 3 tens subtract the tens Next
31 = 30+ 1
= 3 tens and 1unit

/

 1428/1429

Primary 2

Subject: Renaming
Renaming 10 Units for 1 ten
You have 2 tens and 15 units. If you rename 10 units for
1 ten, How many tens will have? How many units will
you have? You will have 3 tens and 5 units

Tens Units Rename Tens Units

2 15 3 5

Tens Units Rename Tens Units

2 12 3 2
[

Add
[
1
3 5 Add the units first 9 2 Add the units first
+ 9 Rename14 as 4 units + 8 3 Add the tens next
and 1 ten, add tens next, 9 plus8 equal 17 tens
4 4 1 ten and tens 1 7 5
[
equals 4 tens

6 3 4 13 hundred is 1 thousand 1928 Adden

7 2 0 and 3 hundreds +2306 Adden
1354 4234
Sum
Renaming 1ten for 10 units
You have 3 tens and 4 units, If you rename 1 ten for 10
units. How many tens will you have? How many units will
you have? You will have 2 tens and 14 units .

Tens Units Rename Tens Units

3 4 2 14

/

 1428/1429
You have 2 tens and 3 units,
Tens Units Rename Tens Units
2 3 1 13

Subtract:
6 0 rename 60 units as 3 1 5 rename 31 tens as
- 4 8 5 tens and 10 units - 1 3 2 2 hundreds and 11 tens
1 2 1 8 3
Minuend
4 0 5 rename 40 tens as 8307
- 1 2 8 39 tens and 10 units -6354 Subtrahend
277 1953
Difference

Addition and Multiplication

We consider that as an introduction of Multiplication table
How many 4 are there ? How many 2 are there?
4 2
+4 2
8 6
2 fours = 8 3 twos = 6
You can multiply to find how many
3 twos = 6 2 2threes = 6 3
3 2=6 3 23=6 2
6 6
Read : Three times two equal six
Two times three equal six
2 3 = 6

Multiplicand Multiplier product

Multiply
12 3 12 is added three times
12 + 12 + 12 =36
12 3 = (2 + 10 ) 3 Or 12

/

 1428/1429
=2 3 + 10 3 3
= 6 + 30 6 3 2
= 36 +3 0 3 10

1 6 or 16 Rename 24 as 4 units 3 2 12 tens = 1 hundred

4 4 and 2tens, 4 1 ten 4 and 2 tens
2 4 6 4 and 2 more tens 128

8239 47625 Multiply the units,

5 8 add any extra tens,
45 381000 Multiply the hundreds,
150 add any extra hundred,
+ 1000 Multiply the thousands,
40000 add any extra thousands
41195

32 32 567
24 24 24 5 6 7
128 432 8 2268 1 1 1 1
640 2032 120 +1340 2
0 2 4
768 40 13608 2 2 2
+600 3 4
0 4 8
. 768
6 0 8
Lattice Multiplication
Check: 746 34 = 25364
[

Understanding Division
How many threes are there in 12?
There are 4 threes in 12
We write : 43=3

We read12: twelve
3 divided
= 4by three equals four
Fact Family Divisor 3Quotient
Dividend 4 = 12 , 4 3 = 12
12 3 = 4 , 12 4 = 3
125 5 (100 + 20 + 5 ) 5 = 20 + 4 + 1= 25
2408 4 (2000 + 400 + 0 + 8 ) 4 =500 + 100 + 0 + 2 = 602

/

 1428/1429