E Learning courses

An Introduction to Surveying

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E-Learning courses in Surveying Engineering Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby



E-Learning courses in Surveying Engineering Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby


Definition

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E-Learning courses in Surveying Engineering Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby


History of Surveying



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E-Learning courses in Surveying Engineering Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby




) ( stretching a rope
) ( rope stretcher

E-Learning courses in Surveying Engineering Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby



) = ( Cubit

- ) = ( Palm
) = ( Finger

- = =
- ) = ( Khet =

E-Learning courses in Surveying Engineering Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby



. :
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-
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E-Learning courses in Surveying Engineering Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby


The Figure of the Earth
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- : Geoid
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- : Ellipsoid
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- : Spheroid
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E-Learning courses in Surveying Engineering Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby



E-Learning courses in Surveying Engineering Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby



E-Learning courses in Surveying Engineering Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby



E-Learning courses in Surveying Engineering Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby



E-Learning courses in Surveying Engineering Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby


Types of Surveying

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Plane Surveying -
Geodetic Surveying -

E-Learning courses in Surveying Engineering Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby



E-Learning courses in Surveying Engineering Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

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Plane Surveying

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Plane .

- x, y

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E-Learning courses in Surveying Engineering Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

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Topographic Surveying

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- )Natural Features (
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- Man made Features

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E-Learning courses in Surveying Engineering Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

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)Cadastral Surveying (Property Surveying

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:
-I :

-II :
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E-Learning courses in Surveying Engineering Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

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Geodetic Surveying
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.x, y, z
- z .

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E-Learning courses in Surveying Engineering Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby



:
- Engineering Surveying
- Construction Surveying
- Aerial Surveying
)(Photogrammetry
- Geological Surveying
- Mine Surveying

E-Learning courses in Surveying Engineering Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby



Hydrographic Surveying -
Route Surveying -
Tunnel Surveying -
Geophysical Surveying -
Astronomical Surveying -
GPS -
Remote Sensing -

E-Learning courses in Surveying Engineering Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby



E-Learning courses in Surveying Engineering Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby


Facts about Observations
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- True value .
- .
- .
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E-Learning courses in Surveying Engineering Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby


Observation vs. Measurement
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- : ......
- : .....
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E-Learning courses in Surveying Engineering Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby


Sources of Errors
- : Natural Errors
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- :Instrumental Errors


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- : Personal Errors

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E-Learning courses in Surveying Engineering Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Types of Errors and Mistakes
- - :Systematic Errors


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- - :Random Errors
) (
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- :Mistakes

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E-Learning courses in Surveying Engineering Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby
 Accuracy and Precision
(The quality of Results) : Accuracy
) (External Consistency
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(The Quality of Operations) :Precision
) (Internal Consistency
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E-Learning courses in Surveying Engineering Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

:
- ):Surveying (site survey


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- ): Setting-out (lay-out

E-Learning courses in Surveying Engineering Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby


Types of Measurements
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- :
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-
-
- :
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E-Learning courses in Surveying Engineering Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

:
-
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:
-
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E-Learning courses in Surveying Engineering Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby


E-Learning courses in Surveying Engineering Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby



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E-Learning courses in Surveying Engineering Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

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E-Learning courses in Surveying Engineering Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Units of Measurements
:
: - - -.
: .

:
- )Degs Mins Secs (DMS
- )Grads (400gr = 360
- )Radians (2 PI = 360

E-Learning courses in Surveying Engineering Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby



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E-Learning courses in Surveying Engineering Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby


:Deg-Min-Sec
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0/360

270 90

180
E-Learning courses in Surveying Engineering Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby


: Grad
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0/400

300 100

200
E-Learning courses in Surveying Engineering Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby


:Radians ) (2
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0/2

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E-Learning courses in Surveying Engineering Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

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E-Learning courses in Surveying Engineering Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Free online calculator on the Internet

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:
http://www.lmnoeng.com/units.htm
http://www.gordonengland.co.uk/conversion/angle.htm
http://www.unitconversion.org/unit_converter/angle.html
http://www.calculator.org/properties.html
http://www.physlink.com/reference/UnitConversion.cfm
E-Learning courses in Surveying Engineering Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby
 Thanks
for
your
attention
I am glad to receive your additional comments at:
E-mail: saidmaghraby@yahoo.com
E-Learning courses in Surveying Engineering Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby