S GIO DC V O TO K THI CHN HC SINH GII VN HA LP 12 THPT

QUNG TR Kha thi ngy 05 thng 3 nm 2015

Mn thi: HA HC
CHNH THC Thi gian lm bi: 180 pht (khng k thi gian giao )
( thi gm 2 trang)

Cu 1. (4,0 im)
1. Xc nh cc cht v vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra trong cc s sau:
a) X1 + X2 + X3 HCl + H2SO4
b) A1 + A2 SO2 + H2O
c) B1 + B2 NH3 + Ca(NO3)2 + H2O
d) D1 + D2 + D3 Cl2 + MnSO4 + K2SO4 + Na2SO4 + H2O
e) Y1 + Y2 Fe2(SO4)3 + FeCl3
g) Y3 + Y4 Na2SO4 + (NH4)2SO4 + H2O + CO2
2. Ha tan hon ton m gam hn hp gm Na, Na2O, NaOH v Na2CO3 trong dung dch
H2SO4 40% (long, va ) thu c 8,96 lt hn hp kh c t khi i vi H2 bng 16,75
v dung dch Y c nng 51,449%. C cn ton b dung dch Y thu c 170,4 gam mui
trung ho khan. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng v tnh gi tr ca m.
3. Cho 18,5 gam hn hp A gm Fe v Fe 3O4 tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 long, un
nng v khuy u. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c 2,24 lt kh NO duy nht (ktc),
dung dch B v 1,46 gam kim loi. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng v tnh khi lng mui
trong B.

Cu 2. (4,0 im)
1. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra khi dng dung dch Ca(OH) 2 d loi b cc
kh c sau y ra khi khng kh: Cl2, SO2, H2S, NO2.
2. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra dng ion trong cc th nghim sau:
a) Ho tan CuS bng dung dch HNO3 d thu c dung dch X v kh Y khng mu ho
nu trong khng kh. Cho X tc dng vi dung dch NH3 d thu c dung dch Z.
b) Cho Ag2S tc dng vi dung dch NaCN thu c dung dch T. Cho T tc dng vi Zn.
3. Cho cc cht rn ring bit: MgO, Al, Al2O3, BaO, Na2SO4 v (NH4)2SO4. Nu ch dng
nc th c th phn bit c bao nhiu cht rn. Trnh by cch phn bit v vit phng trnh
ha hc xy ra.
4. Ha tan hon ton m gam hn hp gm Fe v MgCO 3 bng dung dch HCl d c hn
hp kh A gm H2 v CO2. Nu cng m gam hn hp trn tc dng vi dung dch H 2SO4 c nng
d, th thu c hn hp kh B gm SO2 v CO2, t khi hi ca B i vi A l 3,6875.
Vit cc phng trnh phn ng v tnh % khi lng mi cht trong hn hp u.

Cu 3. (4,0 im)
1. Cho X l mt mui nhm khan, Y l mt mui v c khan. Ha tan a gam hn hp cng
s mol hai mui X v Y vo nc c dung dch A. Thm t t dung dch Ba(OH) 2 vo dung
dch A cho ti d c dung dch B, kh C v kt ta D. Axit ha dung dch B bng HNO 3 ri
thm AgNO3 vo thy xut hin kt ta mu trng b en dn khi ngoi nh sng. Khi thm
Ba(OH)2 vo A, lng kt ta D t gi tr ln nht (kt ta E), sau t gi tr nh nht (kt ta
F). Nung cc kt ta E, F ti khi lng khng i thu c 6,248 gam v 5,126 gam cc cht rn
tng ng. F khng tan trong axit mnh.
a) Vit cc phng trnh phn ng dng ion v xc nh X, Y.
b) Tnh a v th tch kh C (ktc) ng vi gi tr D ln nht.
2. C hn hp M gm hai este A1 v B1. Cho a gam hn hp M tc dng va vi dung
dch KOH, sau phn ng thu c b gam ancol D 1 v 2,688 gam hn hp mui kali ca hai axit
hu c n chc lin tip trong dy ng ng. em nung tt c hn hp mui trn vi lng d
vi ti xt n phn ng hon ton th nhn c 0,672 lt hn hp kh E1 (ktc).

1
 em t chy ton b lng ancol D 1 trn, thu c CO 2 v hi H2O theo t l khi
lng tng ng l 44:27. Mt khc cho tt c sn phm chy trn hp th ht vi 45 ml dung
dch Ba(OH)2 0,5M th thu c 2,955 gam kt ta.
a) Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra.
b) Xc nh cng thc cu to ca A1, B1 v tnh cc gi tr a, b.

Cu 4. (4,0 im)
1. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra gia cc cht: HCOOH, CH3COOCH=CH2,
CH3COOC6H5 vi ln lt cc dung dch sau: NaOH (d), AgNO3/NH3 (d), Br2/H2O.
2. Hon thnh s chuyn ho sau:
A (C6H8O4) + NaOH X + Y + Z
X + H2SO4 E + Na2SO4
Y + H2SO4 F + Na2SO4
o
F H SO , 180 C
2 4 R + H2O
Cho bit E, Z u cho phn ng trng gng, R l axit c cng thc C3H4O2.
3. Thy phn hon ton 4,34 gam tripeptit mch h B (c to nn t hai a -amino axit
c cng thc dng H2NCxHyCOOH) bng dung dch NaOH d, thu c 6,38 gam mui.
Nu thy phn hon ton 4,34 gam B bng dung dch HCl d, thu c m gam mui.
Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra v tnh gi tr ca m.
4. Hn hp D gm etan, etilen, propin. Cho 12,24 gam D tc dng vi lng d dung dch
AgNO3/NH3, phn ng xong thu c 14,7 gam kt ta. Mt khc 4,256 lt D (ktc) phn ng va
140 ml dung dch Br2 1M. Tnh s mol mi cht c trong 12,24 gam D.

Cu 5. (4,0 im)
1. Xc nh cc cht hu c A, B, C, D, E thch hp tha mn s phn ng sau:
HCN H O+ H SO a c,to CH OH,xt,to to,p,xt
A B 3 2
C 4 D 3 E F
F l poli(metyl metacrylat).
2. Hp cht X c cng thc C8H14O4. T X thc hin cc phn ng (theo ng t l mol):
a) X + 2NaOH X1 + X2 + H2O
b) X1 + H2SO4 X3 + Na2SO4
c) nX3 + nX4 nilon-6,6 + 2nH2O
d) 2X2 + X3 X5 + 2H2O
Hy vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra.
3. un nng m gam hn hp A1 gm cc cht c cng mt loi nhm chc vi 600 ml
dung dch NaOH 1,15M, thu c dung dch Y cha mui ca mt axit cacboxylic n chc v
15,4 gam hi Z gm cc ancol. Cho ton b Z tc dng vi Na d, thu c 5,04 lt kh H 2 (ktc).
C cn dung dch Y, nung nng cht rn thu c vi CaO cho n khi phn ng xy ra hon
ton, thu c 7,2 gam mt cht kh. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng v tnh gi tr ca m.
4. B1 l hp cht hu c tp chc, mch h, khng phn nhnh (cha C, H, O) v phn t
cha 2 loi nhm chc; khi tc dng vi nc brom to ra axit monocacboxylic tng ng. Cho mt
lng B1 tc dng vi lng d anhirit axetic trong iu kin thch hp, phn ng xong thu c
9,54 gam este v 7,2 gam axit axetic. Cng vi lng B 1 nh trn em phn ng vi lng d dung
dch AgNO3 trong NH3, un nng thu c 6,48 gam Ag; bit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton.
Vit cc phng trnh phn ng v xc nh cng thc cu to ca B1.

Cho: H=1, C=12, N=14, O=16, Na=23, Al=27, K=39, S=32, Cl=35,5; Fe=56, Cu=64, Ag=108, Ba=137.
.HT.
Th sinh khng c dng bng HTTH v tnh tan

2
S GIO DC V O TO HNG DN CHM
K THI CHN HC SINH GII VN HA LP 12 THPT
CHNH THC Kha thi ngy 05 thng 3 nm 2015
Mn thi: HA HC

Cu Ni dung im
1 Cht X1 X3 : SO2, H2O , Cl2.
SO2 + 2H2O + Cl2 2HCl + H2SO4
Cht A1,A2 : H2S v O2 ( hoc S v H2SO4 c )
2H2S + 3O2 2SO2 + 2H2O
Hoc S + 2H2SO4 c 3SO2 + 2H2O
Cht B1, B2 : NH4NO3 v Ca(OH)2.
2NH4NO3 + Ca(OH)2 2NH3 + Ca(NO3)2 + 2H2O 1,5
Cht D1, D2,D3 : KMnO4 , NaCl, H2SO4 c.
2KMnO4+10NaCl+8H2SO4 c 5Cl2+2MnSO4 +K2SO4+5Na2SO4+8H2O
Cht Y1 , Y2 l FeSO4 v Cl2
6FeSO4 + 3Cl2 2Fe2(SO4)3 + 2FeCl3
Cht Y3 ,Y4 l (NH4)2CO3, NaHSO4
(NH4)2CO3 + 2NaHSO4 Na2SO4 + (NH4)2SO4 + H2O + CO2
2 Phn ng: 2Na + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + H2 (1)
Na2O + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + H2O (2)
0,5
2NaOH + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + H2O (3)
Na2CO3 + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + H2O + CO2 (4)
Ta c: nNa2SO4=170,4/142=1,2 mol= nH2SO4
1 Khi lng dd H2SO4=(1,2x98)100:40=294gam
0,5
170, 4 51, 449
Da vo nng % : = m = 50, 6 gam
294 + m - 0, 4.2.16, 75 100
3 2,24
S mol NO to thnh: nNO = 22,4 = 0,1 mol.

Fe + 4HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 2 H2O (1)

0,75
3 Fe3O4 + 28HNO3 9 Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 14 H2O (2)
V kim loi d nn HNO3 ht nn B ch cha Fe(NO3)2 theo phn ng:
2 Fe + Fe(NO3) 3Fe(NO3)2 (3)
Gi x, y ln lt l s mol Fe v Fe3O4 phn ng theo (1) v (2)
Theo (1), (2) v bi ra ta c h phng trnh
x + y / 3 = 0,1
x = 0, 09
(x + 3y)
56[ x + ] + 232 y =17, 04 y = 0, 03
2 0,75
3(x + 3y) 3(0,09 + 3.0,03)
B cha Fe(NO3)2 c s mol l = = 0,27 mol
2 2
Vy: khi lng ca Fe(NO3)2 = 0,27 . 180= 48,6 gam
C th gii theo cch khc nh: bo ton, quy cht...

1
Cu Ni dung im
1 Cc phng trnh phn ng:
2Ca(OH)2 + 2Cl2 CaCl2 + Ca(ClO)2 + 2H2O
Ca(OH)2 + SO2 CaSO3 + H2O 1,0
Ca(OH)2 + H2S CaS + 2H2O
2Ca(OH)2 + 4 NO2 Ca(NO2)2 + Ca(NO3)2 + 2H2O
2 3CuS +8 H+ + 8NO3- 3Cu2+ + 3SO42- + 8NO + 4H2O
a) 2NO + O2 2NO2, H+ + NH3 NH4+ , Cu2+ + 4NH3 Cu(NH3)42+
0,5
Hoc Cu2+ +2NH3 + 2H2O Cu(OH)2 + NH4+
Cu(OH)2 + 4NH3 Cu(NH3)42+ + 2OH-
b) Ag2S + 4CN- 2[Ag(CN)2]- + S2-
0,5
2[Ag(CN)2]- + Zn 2Ag + [Zn(CN)4]2-
3 Cho ln lt 6 cht vo H2O
- Cc cht tan l BaO, Na2SO4, (NH4)2SO4
0,25
BaO + H2O Ba(OH)2
- Cc cht cn li khng tan
Ln lt nh dung dch cc cht tan vo 3 mu cht khng tan
- Cc dd khng c hin tng xy ra l Na2SO4, (NH4)2SO4
- Dung dch khi nh 3 mu cht rn thy
+ Mu cht rn tan, c kh bay ra th dd l Ba(OH)2, mu cht rn l Al
0,5
Ba(OH)2 + 2Al + 2H2O Ba(AlO2)2 + 3H2
+ Mu cht rn tan, khng c kh bay ra th mu cht rn l Al2O3
2 Ba(OH)2 + Al2O3 Ba(AlO2)2 + H2O
+ Mu cht rn khng tan l MgO
Dng dung dch Ba(OH)2 cho ln lt vo 2 dung dch Na2SO4, (NH4)2SO4
- Dung dch c kt ta trng v c kh bay ra l (NH4)2SO4
Ba(OH)2 + (NH4)2SO4 BaSO4 + 2NH3 + 2H2O 0,25
- Dung dch c kt ta trng nhng khng c kh bay ra l Na2SO4
Ba(OH)2 + Na2SO4 BaSO4 + 2Na2SO4
4 Gi nFe = x mol, nMgCO3= y mol trong m gam hn hp (C th chn x=1 mol)
Fe + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2 (1)
MgCO3 + 2HCl MgCl2 + H2O + CO2 (2) 0,5
2Fe + 6H2SO4 Fe2(SO4)3 + 6H2O + 3SO2 (3)
MgCO3 + H2SO4 MgSO4 + H2O + CO2 (4)
Theo (1 4) v bi ra ta c phng trnh
1,5x.64 + 44y 2x + 44y
: = 3,6875
1,5x + y x+y
x
Bin i ta c: 84,9375X2 110,75X - 118,25 = 0 (X= )
y
0,5
x
Gii ra ta c: X1 = 2 (chn), X2 = -0,696 (loi) =2.
y
2.56.100
Vy: %(m)Fe= = 57,14% va%(m)MgCO3=42,86%
2.56+ 84

2
Cu Ni dung im
1 Do AgNO3 vo B to ra kt ta trng b ha en l AgCl, vy phi c mt
trong 2 mui l mui clorua
Tc dng vi Ba(OH)2 m c kh bay l NH3. Vy Y phi l mui amoni
(mui trung ha hoc mui axit).
Khi thm Ba(OH)2 ti d m vn cn kt ta mt trong 2 mui phi l SO42-
Cc phn ng: Ag+ + Cl- AgCl
+ -
1,0
NH4 + OH NH3 + H2O
3+ -
Al + 3OH Al(OH)3
-
Al(OH)3 + OH Al(OH)4-
2Al(OH)3
0
t Al2O3 + 3H2O

Ba2+ + SO42- BaSO4 (khng i khi nung)

S lch nhau v khi lng khi nung E, F l do Al2O3 to thnh t Al(OH)3.
6, 248 - 5,126 5,126
nAl2O3= = 0,011 mol, nBaSO4 = nSO42-= = 0,022 mol
102 233
Ta thy nSO42- = nAl3+ nn khng th c mui Al2(SO4)3. Do mui nhm
phi l mui clorua AlCl3 vi s mol = 0,011.2 = 0,022 mol v mui Y phi l
(NH4)2SO4 hoc NH4HSO4 vi s mol l 0,022 mol 1,0
Trng hp mui (NH4)2SO4:
a=0,022.133,5+0,022.132= 5,841 gam, n C = nNH4+ =0,044 VB = 0,9856 lt
Trng hp mui NH4HSO4:
a=0,022.133,5+0,022.115= 5,467 gam, nC = nNH4+ = 0,022 VB = 0,4928 lt
2 t cng thc chung ca 2 este l ( R COO)nR
3 t n R COOK + R(OH)n (1)
( R COO)nR + nKOH
0

0,03 mol 0,03/n mol

R COOK + NaOH CaO,t
0
R H + NaKCO3 (2) 0,75
0,03 mol 0,03 mol
R + 83 =2,688/0,03 R =6,6
Vy 2 axit to este l HCOOH v CH3COOH

Do t ancol to nH2O: nCO2 = (27:18)/(44:44) =1,5:1 D1: no, h CxH2x+2On

CxH2x+2On + (3x+1-n)/2 O2 xCO2 + (x+1) H2O (3)
0,5
0,03/n 0,03x/n
Ta c: (n+1)/n=1,5 n=2 C2H6On
Xc nh lng CO2
Phn ng: CO2 + Ba(OH)2 BaCO3 + H2O (4)
C th BaCO3 + CO2 + H2O Ba(HCO3)2 (5)
Do nBa(OH)2 = 0,0225 mol > nBaCO3=0,015 mol nn c 2 trng hp xy ra
TH1: Ba(OH)2 d, khng c (5)
nCO2 = 0,015 0,06/n=0,015 n=4 (loi)
TH2: Kt ta tan mt phn, c (5) 0,75
nCO2 = 0,0225+ (0,0225- 0,015) = 0,03 mol 0,06/n=0,03 n=2
Vy D1 l HOCH2CH2OH
Vy A1, B1 c th l (HCOO)2C2H4, (CH3COO)2C2H4, HCOOC2H4OOCCH3
Xc nh a, b
b=0,15.62/2=0,93 gam v a=2,688 + 0,93 56.0,03 = 1,938 gam

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Cu Ni dung im
1
Cc phn ng xy ra:
HCOOH + NaOH HCOONa + H2O
t CH3COONa + CH3CHO
CH3COOCH=CH2 + NaOH
0

t CH3COONa + C6H5ONa + H2O

CH3COOC6H5 + 2NaOH
0
1,5
t (NH4)2CO3 + 2Ag +2 NH3 + H2O
HCOOH + 2Ag(NH3)2OH
0

HCOOH + Br2 CO2 + 2HBr

CH3COOCH=CH2 + Br2 CH3COOCHBrCH2Br
2
Hon thnh s chuyn ho sau:
t 0 HCOONa+HOCH2CH2COONa+ CH3CHO
HCOOCH2CH2COOCH=CH2+NaOH

HCOONa + H2SO4 HCOOH + Na2SO4 1,0

HOCH2CH2COONa + H2SO4 HOCH2CH2COOH +Na2SO4
H2SO4 , 180 C o
HOCH2CH2COOH CH2=CH-COOH + H2O
3
t cng thc tripeptit l H(HNRCO)3OH : x mol (R l CxHy)
Phn ng:
H(HNRCO)3OH + 3NaOH H2HRCOONa + H2O (1)
4
x 3x x
0,75
H(HNRCO)3OH + 2H2O + 3HCl ClH3NRCOOH (2)
x 2x 3x

Ta c: 4,34 + 3x.40 = 6,38 + 18x x = 0,02

Vy: m = 4,34 + 0,04.18 + 0,06.36,5 = 7,25 gam
4
t s mol ca C2H6, C2H4, C3H4 trong 12,24 gam D ln lt l: x, y, z
2CH3 - C CH+ [Ag(NH3)2]OH 2CH3 - C CAg + H2O (1)
0,1 14,7/147 = 0,1 mol
C2H4 + Br2 C2H4Br2 (2)
C3H4 + 2 Br2 C3H4Br4 (3)
Nhn xt: C ( x+y+z) mol hn hp + ddBr2 cn (y + 2z) mol Br2 0,75
0,19mol hn hp cn 0,14mol Br2
Theo (1 3) v bi ra ta c h:

30x + 28y + 30z = 12, 24 x = 0, 2 mol

z = 0,1 y = 0, 08 mol
x + y + z : 0,19 = y + 2z : 0,14
(
) ( ) z = 0,1 mol

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Cu Ni dung im
1 A: (CH3)2CO, B: (CH3)2C(OH)CN, C: (CH3)2C(OH)COOH
D: CH2=C(CH3)COOH, E: CH2=C(CH3)COOCH3
Hoc: (CH3)2CO + HCN (CH3)2C(OH)CN
(CH3)2C(OH)CN + H2O + H3O+ (CH3)2C(OH)COOH + NH4+
H2SO4ac,1800 C
(CH3)2C(OH)COOH CH2=C(CH3)COOH + H2O 1,0
2 4 H SO a
c, t0
CH2=C(CH3)COOH + CH3OH
CH2=C(CH3)COOCH3 + H2O


xt,p,to CH3
n CH2=C(CH3)COOCH3 CH2 C n
COOCH3
2 Cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra.
C2H5OOC(CH2)4COOH + 2NaOH t 0 NaOOC(CH2)4COONa + C2H5OH + H2O
NaOOC(CH2)4COONa + H2SO4 HOOC(CH2)4COOH+ Na2SO4
nHOOC(CH2)4COOH + nNH2(CH2)6NH2 xt,p,t 0
1,0
(-OC[CH2]4CO-NH[CH2]6CO-)n + 2nH2O
H SO a
2 4 c, t0
2C2H5OH+ HOOC(CH2)4COOH
- -
C2H5OOC (CH2)4 COOC2H5 +

2H2O
3 V khi thy phn to ancol v mui ca axit hu c Hn hp A1 l cc este
Gi cng thc chung (RCOO)n R
(RCOO)n R + nNaOH t nRCOONa + (OH)n (1)
0

5 R 0,5
R (OH)n + Na R (ONa)n +n/2H2 (2)
CaO,t
RCOONa + NaOH
0
Na2CO3 + RH (3)
Theo (1,2): nOH(ancol) =2nH2= nOH(NaOH) = nNaOH(p) = 0,45mol
nNaOH(d)= 0,69-0,45 = 0,24 mol
Theo (3): nNaOH(d)=0,24 mol<0,045 mol MR = 7,2/0,24 = 29 l C2H5-
0,5
mui l C2H5COONa
Theo LBTKL: m + m(NaOH p) = m(mui) + m(ancol)
m= 0,45.96 + 15,4 - 0,45.40 = 40,6 gam
4 V B1 c phn ng trng bc v b oxi ha bi nc brom to ra axit
monocacboxylic tng ng nn phn t c 1 nhm CHO
B1 + (CH3CO)2O Este + CH3COOH C cha nhm OH
t cng thc ca B1 l (HO)nCxHy CHO (n x)
Phn ng: (HO)nCxHy CHO + Br2 + H2O (HO)nCxHy COOH + 2HBr (1)
o
(HO)nCxHyCHO+2[Ag(NH3)2]OH t
2Ag+3NH3+H2O+ (HO)nCxHyCOONH4 (2)
0,03 mol 0,06 mol 1,0
(HO)nCxHyCHO+n(CH3CO)2O (CH3COO)nCxHyCHO+ nCH3COOH (3)
0,03 mol 1,2 mol 1,2 mol
0,03n = 0,12 n = 4
T: mB1= (9,54 + 7,2)0,12.102 = 4,5 gam MB1 = 4,5: 0,03 = 150 g/mol
Ta c: (HO)4CxHy CHO = 150 CxHy = 53 x = 4; y = 5
Cng thc cu to ca B1 l HO - CH2 - CHOH CHOH CHOH - CHO
- Th sinh c th lm cch khc, nu ng vn t im ti a trong mi cu. Nu thiu
iu kin hoc thiu cn bng hoc thiu c hai th tr mt na s im ca PTHH .
- Lm trn n 0,25 im.
5
HT.