Electric Power Demand of Buildings: Complex 1 & Diploma Design Aid

Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Faculty of Architecture
Department of Building Energetics and Services, www.egt.bme.hu
Electric Power Demand of Buildings
COMPLEX 1 & DIPLOMA
Design Aid
Andrs Majoros, Emil Vetsi, Levente Filetth
Edited by Levente Filetth
2014 February
Budapest University of Technology and Economics
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CALCULATION AND DESIGN TASK 3

DELIVERABLES 3
1. PROBABLE ELECTRIC POWER SUPPLY OF THE BUILDING 4
1.1. TRANSFORMER STATIONS 6
1.2. BACKUP AND EMERGENCY POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS 9
1.3. PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS 12
2. CALCULATING THE ELECTRIC POWER DEMAND OF THE PROJECT 13
2.1. ELECTRIC POWER DEMAND OF NON-RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS 13
2.2. ELECTRIC POWER DEMAND OF RESIDENTIAL-TYPE BUILDINGS 17
3. REQUIREMENTS OF ELECTRIC SWITCH-ROOMS 18
______________________________________________________________________________________
pletek villamos elltsa, KOMPLEX 1. s DIPLOMA tervezsi segdlet 2.
Calculation and Design Task
The goal of the electric power demand calculations are to forecast the method of the
electric supply of the building and to design and determine the corresponding
required electrical utilities.
The following is an approximate electric power demand calculation. The actual,
realized electric power demand of the building may differ up to approximately 25%
compared to the results calculated here. At the early design stages we do not have
detailed and precise information about the building to perform more accurate
calculations. The purpose of this electrical calculation is to determine the probable
electric supply method and to forecast the area and the number and the area of
the corresponding electric switch-rooms, battery rooms, transformer rooms or
to host diesel power generators, etc.
Deliverables
Please complete the following, specific tasks throughout the semester:
1. Describe the probable method of the electric power

supply of the building (this should be determined by the
preliminary submission of the design project).
2. Calculate the electric power demand of the building.
3. Determine the number and size of the rooms and areas

required for the electric power supply. Please indicate these
rooms in the architectural design documentation.
Please submit the lighting design deliverables as part of the "Building Energetics
and Services" booklet.
______________________________________________________________________________________
1. Probable electric power supply of the building

The probable electric supply method of the building depends on:
the expected sum of the simultaneous electric power demand, and

the site and the surroundings of the building.
The site of the building usually determines its electric power infrastructure and supply
methods. The electric power infrastructure depends on the building density of the plot
(downtown, suburbs, rural, etc.). The structure and the density of the plot determine
the electrical power demand [kW/km2] of the area, which forecasts the probable
electrical infrastructure as well.
The electrical devices in the buildings are utilizing 0.4 kV (400/230 V) network. The
power network is underground cable network in case of dense downtown areas and
air cable network supported by columns in case of suburbian and rural areas.
This electrical network is always supplied by a transofrmer. The transformer supplied

by a mid-range electrical network:
in dense, downtown areas the transformer is supplied by a 10kV

electric power network, this is a so called 10/0.4 kV transformer. In
such areas the low- and mid-power electrical networks are
underground cable infrastructures,
in suburbian and rural areas the transformer is supplied by a 20kV

air-cable power network, this is a so called 20/0.4 kV transformer. In
such areas the low- and mid-power electrical networks are open air
cable infrastructures supported by columns.
The electric power demand of the building may vary between the range of a couple of
10kW and couple of 100kW, depending on the size and the function of the building. If
the specific power demand of the building is relatively small, it can be considered to
provide the electric power supply using the available 0.4 kV underground- or
overhead line network. In such case the existing electric network must have
adequate free capacity to supply the demand of the new building. The actual value of
this realtively small demand might vary depending on the location and on the
building in the practice such information must be provided by the corresponding
electric authorities.
______________________________________________________________________________________
When developing the semeseter design projects, we consider, that the required
electric power demand can be provided using the 0.4 kV network, if the forecasted
electric power consumption of the building is bellow:
200 kW in case of downtown area,

100 kW in case of suburbian, rural area.
Red text: 20kV air cable; Blue text: 0,4kV air cable; Green text: Phone, TV cable
The location and cable interface of the transformer may vary, the actual power supply
solution depends on the type of the mid-range electric power network and the
proposed location of the transformer station (inside or outside of the building).
The followings must also be considered and elaborated when deciding about
the power supply of the building:
1.1. Forecast the necessity of a transformer station: if a transformer station is

requied, its location and charactersitics must be considered when creating a
transformer station inside or outside of the building,
1.2. Decide about emergency and backup power supplies,
1.3. Consider using renewable energy (sun, wind or water) to generate electricity.
______________________________________________________________________________________
1.1. Transformer stations

In dense, downtown areas where the transformer is supplied by a 10 kV electric
power network:
inside the building in a transformer room,

outside of the building in a dedicated, prefabricated, uni-body transofmer
station.
In suburbian and rural areas where the transformer is supplied by a 20 kV overhead

line network:
as a column transofmator placed in a public area,

outside of the building in a dedicated, prefabricated, uni-body transformer
station (in such case a 20kV cable connection is required between the
transofmer and the building),
inside the building in a transformer room (in such case a 20kV cable
connection is required between the transofmer and the overhead line
network).
Transformer stations outside the building (above ground and underground)
Column transformer stations

______________________________________________________________________________________
The main sizes of a 630 kVA-es transformer: 140 x 95 x 160 cm, weight: 2000 kg.
Please consider the following rules when designing a transformer station inside the
building:
the transformer station must be located on the ground floor or on the first
basement level,
the transformer station must be located on the external building envelope
(one of the walls of the station must be ab external wall),
2
the floor area of a station is about 10 m ,
the internal headroom of the station must be at least 2,6 m.
If the transformer station is located on the ground floor only one external door must
be provided towards the exterior of the building.
If the transformer station is located on the first basement level, a 1,4 m wide
service well must be provided to access the station from the outside. Besides the
service well, an internal door must also be provided to be able to access the
transformer station from the inside of the building.
Floor plan schemes of a 630 kVA transformer station (must be located on the ground
floor or on the first basement level of the building, along an exterior wall)
______________________________________________________________________________________
Floor plan and section sketch of a 630 kVA transformer station
______________________________________________________________________________________
1.2. Backup and emergency power supply systems
Depending on the function of the building, and the possible danger caused by the
absence of electric power provided from the grid (hospitals, concert halls, factories,
airports, fire stations, etc.), a backup and/or an emergency power supply might also
be necessary.
These are the main criterias to be considred when deciding about emergency and
backup power supply systems:
the power demand of those electric devices must be calculated that requires
backup power,
the maximum allowed time duration must be determined that is allowed
between the power failure of the grid and the initialization of the backup
system (how long can de building be without electric power: only milli-
seconds, or a couple of minutes?).
Based on the above criteria, there are two main type of power backup systems
batteries and
diesel-engine powered generators.
Batteries must be used if it is important to provided uninterrupted power supply

(UPS) for the building. Diesel power generators require about one minute initilazation
time.
Diesel engine powered generators

______________________________________________________________________________________
Floor plan and section of a diesel powered generator room located inside the building
______________________________________________________________________________________
These are the main rules to consider when designing a diesel-engine powered
generator:
the generator can be located inside the building or outside, as a standalone
unit,
if it is inside the building, it is recommended to locate the generator close to
the external building shell (easier maintenance, noise, exhaust gases, etc.)
the noise of the generator, the diesel fuel tank and the heavy weight of the
engine must all be considered.
Approximate room size of a diesel generator inside the building:
20 kVA unit: 4 m x 6 m, openings cca.: 1,8 m2,
1600 kVA unit: 5 m x 12 m, openings cca.: 10 m2.
The following tables presents various battery types and their corresponding sizes and
weights.
Power Dimensions Weight

[VA] [mm] [kg]
A H B m
600 430 630 160 49
1000 430 630 160 49
1600 430 630 160 49
2200 550 630 160 63
3000 550 630 160 63
Power Dimensions Weight

[kVA] [mm] [kg]
A H B m
50 1200 2200 800 1000
80 1200 2200 800 1100
120 1200 2200 800 1300
170 1200 2200 800 1500
Batteries must have a well ventilated, dry room where the temperature is between +5
and +30 C. A battery charging station must also be located in a separate room, next
to the batteries. The charging station requires about 1,5 m2 room.
______________________________________________________________________________________
1.3. Photovoltaic panels

Photovoltaic - or PV - panels can be used to use the renewable solar energy to
generate electric power. The typical "cell" size of the PV systems are cca. 125x125
mm. These cells are usually forming a "panel", ready to be installed on the building.
PV systems ususally generate 12V or 24V direct current (DC), therefore a so called
"inverter" must also be installed to provide 220V (or 110V), 50Hz alternating current
(AC).
PV panel installation examples
The capacity of the PV panels determined by the number of installed PV panels:
Sizes of a typical PV panel: cca. 80 cm x 150 cm,

Thickness: cca. 4-6 cm,
Weight: cca. 15-30 kg.
Generated electricity: 160-280 W/panel.
In Hungary it is recommended to install PV panels oriented towards the South, with

an approx. 45 degrees inclination/
PV panel installed on a pitched roof with tiles covering
______________________________________________________________________________________
High visual demand: 20 W/m2, such functions and rooms would be:
exhibition rooms, cosmetics, etc.
A [m2]: sum of floor areas of the rooms having similar visual demand.
2.1.2. HVAC & Mechanical systems
The building or building parts might be equipped with heating, ventilation, air
conditioning and similar systems and/or equipment (pumps, engines and motors, etc.
are connected to HVAC), their overall power demand is:
PHVAC [kW]: please refer to the electric demand chapters of the heating,
ventilation, water-supply, air-conditioning design aid, also available
as a PDF download from the department website.
2.1.3. Technology & Equipment
The overall electric power demand of all other technological electric devices and
equipment in the building must be also considered and calculated (electric cookers,
elevators, computers, coffee machines, etc.), their overall power demand is:
Ptechnology [kW]: please develop a detailed list of all electric devices and equipment
of the building to determine their power demand with the help of the
consultant.
The following table lists some typical electric devices and equipment, you may use
these values and also add project specific devices elements if necessary!
______________________________________________________________________________________
Buffet and tea-kitchen

Electric equipment Pn Electric equipment Pn
[kW] [kW]
Coffe and tea maker 0,7 1,2 Grill 0,7 1,0
Microwave owen 0,5 2,0 Toaster 0,8 1,6
Cattle 2,0 2,5 Turmix machine 0,4
Fridge 0,2 Air exhauster 0,2 0,3
Deep freezer 0,5
Generic kitchen
[kW] [kW]
Dishwasher 3,5 5,0 Freezer 0,2
Kitchen robot machine 0,2 0,6 Grill 0,8 3,3
Meat grinder 1,0 Other equipment 2,0 3,0
Indutrial kitchen
[kW] [kW]
Electric cooker 5,0 12,0 Dishwasher 3,0 8,0
Electric boiler 12,0 Electric frier 5,0
Freezer 0,5 Dishwasher 3,0 8,0
Freezer cupboard 0,8 1,2 Other equipment 3,0 6,0
Elevators, escalators
Electric equipment Pn
[kW]
Hydraulic elevator (max. 30 m), residential building 7,0 28,0
Hydraulic elevator (max. 30 m) public building 10,0 75,0
Wire-suspended elevator (max. 30 m) residential building 2,0 8,0
Wire-suspended elevator (max. 30 m) public building 3,0 25,0
Wire-suspended elevator without machinery room (max. 9 m) 2,2
Elevator without machinery room (max. 9 m) 1,1
Small industrial elevator (250 kg) 1,2 1,5
Panorama elevator (1250 kg) 25 31,0
Industrial elevator (2000 kg) 5,0 7,0
Escalator (max. 40 m) 7,0 90,0
Escalator (max. 150 m) 5,0 20,0
Hospital elevator (2500 kg) 6,0 8,0
Most of the elevators require an additional, standalone machinery room with specific
location. Please ask your consultant for further details!
______________________________________________________________________________________
Doctors' examination room

[kW] [kW]
Dentist chair 0,2 0,5 Dentis X-Ray 2,0
Hand and gloves cleaner 0,02 Mobile X-Ray 13 - 15
Light therapy equipment 0,1 0,2 X-Ray viewer 0,05
Water cleaner 0,05
Hospital
[kW] [kW]
Surgeon small equipment 0,7 0,8 Lab drier 0,5 1,0
Labor equipment 0,1 1,2 Air handling devices 0,1 0,2
Diagnostic X-Ray 55,0 Surgeon equipment 8 10,0
Swimming pool
[kW] [kW]
Hydro-pool (3-5 person) 2,5 - 6,0 Sauna (3-5 person) 4,5
Hydro-pool (6-8 person) 6,5 - 8,5 Sauna (8-12 person) 22,0
Hydro-pool with heater +3,0 - 5,0 Sauna with heat-sinker 6,0
Solarium 9,0 - 11,0 Infra sauna 1,5 - 2,5
Finnish-sauna (2-3 f) 3,0
Other equipment
[kW] [kW]
Washing machine 2,2 3,3 Sewing machine 0,1 2,0
Washing machine with drier 3,3 Hair drier 0,4 2,0
Drier 2,1 3,3 Vacuum cleaner 0,2 1,6
Office and IT equipment

Electric equipment Pn
[kW]
Smoke, fire alarm and similar systems (smoke, fire, secutiry, etc.) 0,5-5,0
Consumer electronic devices (tv, video, CD/DVD-players, speakers, etc.) 0,1-10,0
Security systems 0,5-2,5
Projetors 0,2-0,6
Computer systems (computer, scanner, printer, etc.) 0,6 1,2
______________________________________________________________________________________
2.2. Electric power demand of residential-type buildings

The electric power demand of residential buildings and other buildings with
residential units (such as hotels or hospitals) can be determined using a slightly
different manner. This calculation method can be used for building having at least
one residential unit. Such buildings can be divided into two main parts:
Residential units: their electric power demand is Presidential [kW], and

Non-residential areas: their power demand is Pnon-residential [kW].
In case of residential units we do not investigate and calculate all the electric devices
and equipment in detail, but we consider these units as one single equipment and
we determine its power demand using statistical data with the help of the following
formula:
P residential [kW] = P residential units [kW] + Pnon-residential [kW].

where:
P residential = eunit n Punit [kW],
where
n: the number of the flats or residential units,
Punit [kW]: the electrical demand of the residential unit:
unit with electric cooker: 11,04 kW,

unit without electric cooker: 6,9 kW,
hotel room: 2,3 kW,
weekend house: 3,3 ... 7,36 kW.
eunit: simultaneity coefficient:
0,8
eunite== 0, 2 +
n
Pnon-residential [kW]: please read chapter 2.1. for further details.
______________________________________________________________________________________

Electric Power Demand of Buildings: Complex 1 & Diploma Design Aid

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Electric Power Demand of Buildings: Complex 1 & Diploma Design Aid

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Faculty of Architecture

Department of Building Energetics and Services, www.egt.bme.hu

Electric Power Demand of Buildings

COMPLEX 1 & DIPLOMA

Andrs Majoros, Emil Vetsi, Levente Filetth

Edited by Levente Filetth

CALCULATION AND DESIGN TASK 3

Calculation and Design Task

Please complete the following, specific tasks throughout the semester:

1. Describe the probable method of the electric power

2. Calculate the electric power demand of the building.

3. Determine the number and size of the rooms and areas

1. Probable electric power supply of the building

the expected sum of the simultaneous electric power demand, and

This electrical network is always supplied by a transofrmer. The transformer supplied

in dense, downtown areas the transformer is supplied by a 10kV

in suburbian and rural areas the transformer is supplied by a 20kV

200 kW in case of downtown area,

1.1. Forecast the necessity of a transformer station: if a transformer station is

1.2. Decide about emergency and backup power supplies,

1.1. Transformer stations

inside the building in a transformer room,

In suburbian and rural areas where the transformer is supplied by a 20 kV overhead

as a column transofmator placed in a public area,

Transformer stations outside the building (above ground and underground)

Column transformer stations

Floor plan and section sketch of a 630 kVA transformer station

1.2. Backup and emergency power supply systems

Batteries must be used if it is important to provided uninterrupted power supply

Diesel engine powered generators

Power Dimensions Weight

Power Dimensions Weight

1.3. Photovoltaic panels

PV panel installation examples

The capacity of the PV panels determined by the number of installed PV panels:

Sizes of a typical PV panel: cca. 80 cm x 150 cm,

In Hungary it is recommended to install PV panels oriented towards the South, with

PV panel installed on a pitched roof with tiles covering

2.1.2. HVAC & Mechanical systems

2.1.3. Technology & Equipment

Buffet and tea-kitchen

Doctors' examination room

Office and IT equipment

2.2. Electric power demand of residential-type buildings

Residential units: their electric power demand is Presidential [kW], and

P residential [kW] = P residential units [kW] + Pnon-residential [kW].

n: the number of the flats or residential units,

Punit [kW]: the electrical demand of the residential unit:

unit with electric cooker: 11,04 kW,

eunit: simultaneity coefficient:

Pnon-residential [kW]: please read chapter 2.1. for further details.

You might also like