CHNG 1: GII THIU

1.1 T VN

1.1.1 Tng quan nghin cu

Ngnh may mc l mt trong nhng ngnh c yu t con ngi tham gia vo qu trnh
sn xut nhiu nht, hu ht mi cng on u do nhn cng thc hin. Vic chun ho thao
tc v thi gian thc hin thao tc ca ngi cng nhn n hng lun i ng tin , nng
sut cao m vn m bo s thoi mi ca ngi cng nhn chnh l mt thch thc ln cho
nhng cng ty thuc lnh vc may mc.
Vi hn 40 nm thnh lp th Tng Cng Ty May Nh B vn ang lun lun c gng
to nn uy tn i vi khch hng trong v ngoi nc bng chnh nhng sn phm cht lng
ca cng ty. Th nhng bn cnh th vic nng sut thc t lun thp hn t 15-30% nng
sut c t ra khin n hng chm tin cng ang l mt vn ht sc cp thit ca
cng ty. V vy, cng ty Nh B cn a ra nhng phng n gii quyt cho nhng vn m
cng ty ang gp phi nh cn bng thi gian cc cng on sn xut, chun ho li thao tc
cng vic ca ngi cng nhn.

1.1.2 Xac inh vn

Ti Cng ty C Phn May Nh B, nhm c sp xp nghin cu ti t ct khu IV,

chuyn mt hng o s mi v o vest. T thng tin qua vic phng vn qun c t ct khu IV
(PH LC A) v s quan st ti xng, nhm c bit nng sut dng o s mi t ct thng
khng t yu cu, t may khu IV thng xuyn hi thc bn thnh phm hon chnh (chi
tit ct) t t ct vo chuyn. Do khng c s lu tr s liu v nng sut mi ngy ti
tng cng on v trn ton t th ch c tng sn lng theo thng tnh lng, c ngha l
tng cng ty ch a sn lng theo thng xung cn phn chia mi ngy l do qun c xng
ph trch. V vy, nhm ly d liu nng sut 4 ngy gn nht v theo xc nhn t qun c
th trung bnh t ct ch t 70% ch tiu o s mi t ra mi ngy. tm hiu nguyn nhn
ca hin trng trn, nhm thc hin biu Cause and Effect nh sau:
 Thao tc cha chun

Phn b nhn lc cha hp l

Hinh 1.1: Biu xng ca nguyn nhn nng sut thp tai xng ct
Sau qu trnh quan st ti xng, nhm nhn bit c mt trong nhng nguyn nhn dn
n nng sut thp m nhm c th gii quyt l do thao tc lm vic ca cng nhn khng
c chun ha v cha c nh mc thi gian chun. V vy, nhm se tin hnh chun ha
thao tc cng nhn v tnh ton nh mc thi gian.

1.1.3 Muc tiu

Ap dng o lng v thit k cng vic gim lead time, t tng nng sut sn xut
dng o s mi ca t ct khu IV ln 80%.

1.1.4 Pham vi

Khng gian: t ct Khu IV thuc cng ty May Nh B.

Thi gian: t 26/9/2016 n 30/11/2016.
Sn phm: dng o s mi trn.
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1.2 K HOCH THC HIN (D KIN)

T thng 9/2016 15/10/2016:

Lch s hnh thnh & quy m ca cng ty.

Tm hiu input ca sn phm: cc nguyn vt liu u vo, ngun nhn lc, my mc,
dng c,...
Tm hiu output (cc dng sn phm ca cng ty) v sn lng (nu c).
Quy trnh sn xut ca cng ty.
Mt bng b tr nh xng (mt bng theo sn phm hoc theo quy trnh).
Xc nh phm vi nghin cu (dng sn phm hoc chuyn sn xut nhm tp trung
nghin cu).
Nghin cu v cng tc qun ly cht lng ca Cng Ty.

T 15/10/2016 n 15/11/2016:

Tin hnh quan st xng sn xut, thu thp s liu, d liu lin quan n cc cu hi,
phm vi nghin cu nh:

Mt bng nh xng (quy m, cch b tr my mc, din tch mi khu vc sn xut,...).

Cycle time ca cc khu v lead time ca ton quy trnh.
Thao tc cng nhn (cc bc thc hin, thi gian,...)..
Cch thc kim tra cht lng.
Phn loi li t ct, nguyn nhn.
T l li ca t ct

Xc nh cc vn (nu c).

T 15/11/2016 n 30/11/2016:

Phn tch v ra cc phng n gii quyt (nu c).

Lm bo cui k.
Bo co vi Cng ty.

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 CHNG 2: C S L THUYT V PHNG PHP LUN

2.1 C S L THUYT

2.1.1 K thut thu thp d liu

Mt trong nhng bc u quan trng trong qu trnh gii quyt vn l xc nh yu
cu ca cng ty, sau l thu thp cc d liu lin quan khc, nn cn c nhng k thut thu
thp s liu thch hp. Tu tng trng hp m chn cc k thut d liu sau:
Bng 2.1: Cac k thut thu thp d liu

K thut Ph hp cho Loai d liu

Bng cu hi Cc cu hi cn cu tr li r nh lng v nh tnh

rng

Phng vn Tm hiu mt vn Mt s t nh lng, hu ht

l nh tnh

Phng vn su Thu thp d liu a dng Mt s t d liu nh lng,

hu nh l d liu nh tnh

Quan st Hiu c ng cnh ca cc nh tnh

hot ng

Ti liu nghin cu Nghin cu ti liu, quy tc v nh tnh

tiu chun

2.1.2 Takt time v Cycle time

Takt time l thi gian cycle time cho php trong mt h thng sn xut sn xut ra
lng sn phm theo yu cu trong mt khong thi gian nht nh. Takt time thng c xc
nh cho mt ca lm vic. Quy trnh tnh takt time:

Xc nh thi gian lm vic mi ca bng cch tr bt k khong thi gian khng to ra

sn phm.
Nu c nhiu hn 1 ca, nhn thi gian lm vic 1 ca cho s ca c tng thi gian lm
vic trong 1 ngy.
Tnh takt time bng cch ly thi gian lm vic trong 1 ngy chia cho sn lng yu cu.

Cycle time l thi gian ln nht thc hin cc cng vic c giao ti mt trm lm vic.
mt cn bng chuyn: l mc chm tr trn ca chuyn, c tnh bng cng thc:

100%

Hiu sut ca chuyn = 100% - mt cn bng chuyn

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 2.1.3 L thuyt v o lng v thit k cng vic

o lng cng vic l k thut gip xy dng b chun ha thi gian cho php thc hin
tc v (thao tc) trn c s o lng ni dung cng vic v c xem xt n s tr hon do mt
mi, nhu cu c nhn v tr hon khng th trnh.
Thit k cng vic l qu trnh xc nh cc nhim v, cc trch nhim c th c thc
hin bi ngi lao ng trong t chc cng nh cc iu kin c th thc hin cc nhim v
t thit lp nn mt lot hay mt phn ca cng vic. Thit k cng vic l mt cng c chc
nng gip tng nng sut cng vic.
Cc bc thc hin o lng v thit k cng vic:
1. Xy dng phng php nghin cu
2. Chun ho cng vic
3. Nghin cu thi gian
4. Xc lp thi gian chun
5. Theo di v nh gi iu kin thc t
2.1.3.1 Cac bc thc hin khi chun hoa cng vic
Bc 1: Xc nh cc trm lm vic trong h thng
Bc 2: Phn tch thao tc thc hin ti cc trm lm vic
Bc 3: Xy dng qui trnh hng dn thc hin cng vic theo trnh t
Bc 4: Xc nh cc b phn ti trm lm vic
Bc 5: Thit k li trm lm vic
Bc 6: Trin khai & hiu chnh (nu cn)

a) Xc nh trm lm vic:

Gm: v tr, ngun lc, vai tr v mi trng. Trong , mi trng gm cc yu t:

S chiu sng:
H thng chiu sng m bo ch tin ngh trong khu vc sn xut l mt trong
nhng yu t quan trong xc nh cht lng mi trng vi kh hu trong khu vc sn xut:
Bng 2.2: Cac trng s dng la chn mc ri (INESTA, 1995)
Cng vic v c im ca cng nhn Trng s
Tui tc <40 40-55 +1
phn chiu phn cng vic/ nn >70% 30-70% <30%
Tc v chnh xc (ch c loi D-I) Khng quan trng Quan trng Rt quan trng

5
 Ting n:
Ting n ch yu tc ng n con ngi: lm cho cng nhn mt nhc nhc u, thn
kinh cng thng, tn thng tinh thn. Ting n lm nhim mi trng, nh hng n sc
khe, nng sut lao ng v cht lng sn phm.
Bng 2.3: Mc thi gian t trong vng m cho php (OSHA-1970)

Thi gian (gi)/ngy Mc m (dB)

8 90
6 92
4 95
3 97
2 100
1.5 102
1 105
0.5 110
0.25 hay t hn 115

Nhit :
Hu ht cc xng nh my, c s sn xut u thi ra mt lng nhit nht nh. Vn
y cn phi c bin php hu hiu h thp nhit , m bo cho cng nhn c th
thc hin thao tc mt cch bnh thng, an ton. C nhiu loi nhit pht sinh: khi t nhin
liu, khi gia cng v c,
Vng c nhit ph hp l ni m cng nhn lm vic mt ch hay c di chuyn cht
t trong vng 8 gi, c xc nh phm vi nhit 19 260oC.
Thng gi :
Trong nh xng, cc hot ng ca sn xut (my mc, con ngi, cht c ) se gy
nhim mi trng lm vic ca nh my. Do cn phi t chc thng gi, khng kh nhim
phi c a ra ngoi. Thng gi c th thc hin t nhin (qua cc ca s, ca chnh ca
mi) v nhn to (qut, thit b ht khng kh).

b) Phn tch thao tc:

Mc ch ca vic phn tch thao tc:

n gin ha cc thao tc lm vic.
Loi tr hoc lm gim nhng ng tc tha lm thun li, nhanh chng cc thao tc cn
thit.
Lm cng vic thit k li c hiu qu hn, nng sut cao hn.
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 Biu quy trnh Two-Hand l cng c ca s nghin cu vn ng. Biu biu hin
mi hot ng nh s tr hon to ra bi i bn tay v mi quan h gia cc thao tc bng tay.
Thit lp biu Two hand.
Nhng kt lun sau c th c rt ra sau khi biu Two hand c thnh lp :
1. Thit lp trnh t tt nht cho cc Therbligs.
2. iu tra cc bin ng thi gian cn thit cho cc thao tc quan trng v xc nh
nguyn nhn gy ra nhng bin ng .
3. Nghin cu v phn tch s ngng tr, xc nh v loi tr nhng nguyn nhn gy
ra s chm tr .
4. Mc tiu cui cng l to nn mt chu k thao tc vi tn tht thi gian t nht.
Bng phn tch biu Two hand:
STT Tay phi Tay tri
1.
2.
3.

c) Xy dng quy trnh thit k cng vic:

Nguyn tc c bn trong vic xy dng quy trnh thit k cng vic:

Thit k thao tc sao cho ph hp nht vi kh nng ca cng nhn.
Thit k cng vic sao cho hu ht cng nhn c th thc hin.
S dng nhng lc nh cho nhng thao tc i hi chnh xc.
Bt u v kt thc thao tc bng c hai tay ng thi.
Di chuyn hai tay ti v lui i xng v ng thi.
Thao tc da vo nhp iu t nhin ca c th.
Dng loi vn ng cp thp.
Hn ch ti a s di chuyn tm nhn.

d) Thit k trm lm vic:

Vic thit k c chia ra lm 3 phn:

Vic s dng c th con ngi
Sp xp b tr v nhng iu kin ni lm vic
Thit k cc cng c v thit b,
Cc quy tc thit k trm lm vic:
Thit k chiu cao b mt lm vic theo chiu cao khuu tay.
Hiu chnh chiu cao b mt lm vic ph hp vi cng vic thc hin.

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 Hnh 2.1: Kch thc khng gian lm vic t th ng
Cung cp gh ngi thch nghi cho ngi vn hnh.
Cung cp gh ngi c kh nng hiu chnh uc.
Cung cp m chng mi cho ngi vn hnh ng.
V tr cng c v vt liu trong vng lm vic bnh thng.

Hnh 2.2: Khng gian lm vic binh thng v cc ai

C nh v tr cc cng c v vt liu cho php theo trnh t tt nht.
S dng nhng thng trng tm v s phn phi ri gim thi gian vn chuyn.
2.1.3.2 Cac bc thc hin khi nghin cu thi gian

a) Khi nim

Nghin cu thi gian l mt k thut thit lp thi gian chun cho php hon thnh
cng vic cho. K thut ny da trn c s o lng cng vic cng vi vic chp nhn s
mt mi v k nng con ngi trnh chm tr khi thc hin cng vic c giao.

8
 b) ng dng ca vic xy dng thi gian chun:

nh mc lao ng l khong thi gian cn thit m mt cng nhn c o to

thc hin xong 1 nhim v c giao, theo 1 phng php quy nh, vi s n lc v kho lo
trung bnh. Cc nh qun ly s dng cc nh mc ny theo nhiu cch: khuyn khch cng
nhn, so snh vi cc thit k c th thay th nhau, iu ,...

c) Cc cng c nghin cu thi gian:

ng h bm gi (Stopwatch)
Bng ghi kt qu dng cho vic nghin cu thi gian
Quay phim (Videotape recorders)

d) Nhng yu t trong nghin cu thi gian (Time study):

Chn ngi thao tc: tiu chun cho s chn lc thao tc vin: k nng trung bnh; mt
thao tc vin phi l trung bnh hoc trn tnh trung bnh trong s thc hin nghin cu.
Tch hp cc thao tc vin.
Ghi thng tin quan trng bao gm: nhng my, bn tay chm, g, nhng vt c nh,..
iu kin lm vic.
Nhng thao tc.
nh v ngi quan st.

e) Xc nh kch thc ly mu:

C nhiu phng php lu mu nhng trong ti ny chng ti s dng cng thc ly

mu sau:
2
St
n
Kx
Vi n: Quy m ly mu
K: Sai s ca gi tr c tnh di dng t l ca gi tr sai

x : Gi tr trung bnh,t:l hng s i din cho tin cy tun theo phn b student
S: lch chun ly mu ca cc thi gian quan st c i vi tng phn vic, S
c tnh theo cng thc sau:
2
n


xi x
i 1
s
n 1

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 2.1.3.3 Phng phap o lng thi gian (Methods time measurement-MTM1):
Phng php o lng thi gian c th c nh ngha nh l mt quy trnh phn tch
bt k thao tc hay phng thc vo cc chuyn ng c bn cn thit thc hin n, v giao
cho mi chuyn ng mt tiu chun thi gian nh trc c xc nh bi tnh cht ca
chuyn ng v cc iu kin theo c thc hin.
Phng php MTM1:
Phng php MTM1 l h thng xc nh thi gian chun da vo nhng nghin cu ca
cc chuyn ng c bn ca thao tc.
Phng php c xut nm 1948.
Phng php MTM-1 gm cc thnh phn c bn:

1. Reach (Vi ti): l thnh phn c bn c s dng khi mun di chuyn tay hng
n mt ch n. Thi gian cho vic thc hin Reach khc nhau theo cc yu t sau:
iu kin (trng thi ca im n ), chiu di ca chuyn ng, loi ca reach (c 4
loi A ,B, C, D, E).
2. Move (Di chuyn): s dng khi mun di chuyn i tng n mt v tr. C 3 trng
hp di chuyn: A (di chuyn i tng t tay ny n tay khc ), B (di chuyn i
tng n v tr c nh), C (i tng n v tr chnh xc).
3. Grasp (Nm ly): s dng khi cn cn cm nm i tng vi nhng ngn tay bm
vo vt.
4. Release (Th ra): th i tng ra t tay hay ngn tay.
5. Eye motions (Chuyn ng mt)
6. Disengage (Tho ri): Disengage l hot ng c bn ph v lin kt gia vt ny
vi vt khc.

H thng MTM-1 s dng n v o thi gian l TMU thay v giy, mt TMU c nh

ngha l 0,036 giy hay 0,00001 gi.
2.1.3.4 Nghin cu thi gian nh mc:

a) Cng thc tnh thi gian nh mc:

= (1 + )

=
100
Vi ST: Thi gian nh mc
NT: Thi gian chun thc hin thao tc
A: S b tr cho php

10
 b) nh gi hiu sut:

t thi gian qui nh bi cng nhn chun ,nh phn tch phi tng thi gian thi gian
thc t c thc hin bi cng nhn trn mc chun v gim thi gian thc t bi cng nhn
di mc chun.

c) S b tr:

thc hin mt nh mc cng bng i hi chng ta phi tnh ton thm b tr vo

thi gian chun. Nhng b tr cho php bao gm s dng, tr do mt mi trong cng vic
c giao.
T chc lao ng ILO lit k tc dng nhng iu kin lm vic khc nhau tng ng
vi h s b tr thch hp.

2.2 PHNG PHP LUN

thc hin n cn c cch tip cn, mt phng php lun cht che v sng sut, t
yu cu , nhm pht trin c phng php lun thc hin ti Ap dng o lng
v thit k lao ng tng nng sut t ct khu IV CTCP May Nh B.

11
12
 CHNG 3: TNG QUAN CNG TY C PHN MAY NH B
V T CT KHU IV

3.1 TNG QUAN CNG TY C PHN MAY NH B

3.1.1 Gii thiu chung

Hinh 3.1: Logo ca CTCP May Nh B

Tn cng ty: Tng Cng Ty May Nh B Cng Ty C Phn (vit tt l NBC).
Tn giao dch: Nha Be Garment Corporation - Joint Stock Company.
a ch: s 4, ng Bn Ngh, phng Tn Thun ng, Qun 7, thnh ph H Ch
Minh.
Cc chng nhn m cng ty t c:
H thng qun ly cht lng ISO 9001:2008.
Chng nhn Trch nhim ton cu v sn xut may mc WRAP.
Chng nhn tiu chun SA 8000 H thng qun ly trch nhim x hi.

3.1.2 Lnh vc hoat ng

Ngnh kinh doanh chnh ca cng ty hin nay bao gm sn xut, mua bn sn phm dt
may, nguyn ph liu, my mc thit b, ph tng linh kin phc v ngnh dt may; xy dng
v kinh doanh nh , xng sn xut, dch v kho bi; kinh doanh vn ti xng du, kinh doanh
nh hng, du lch.
Ngoi nhng ngun lc sinh li nhun ch lc, cng ty cn tham gia cc hot ng kinh
doanh khc nh:
Thit k (ODM).
Thng mi quc t.
Phn phi v dch v.
u t pht trin.
u t ti chnh.

13
 3.1.3 Qua trnh hnh thnh v phat trin

NBC Tng Cng Ty C Phn May Nh B l mt trong nhng doanh nghip hng u
ca ngnh dt may Vit Nam. c thnh lp t nm 1973 vi hai x nghip ban u n nay
NBC c 37 n v v x nghip thnh vin vi gn 25 000 cn b cng nhn vin, 16 500
my mc thit b chuyn dng, hin i.

Hinh 3.2: Cac biu biu din qua trinh pht trin ca cng ty qua cac nm
Thng 4/2005 Cng Ty May Nh B c phn ha v chuyn i t doanh nghip Nh
nc thnh Cng Ty C Phn, v cng trong giai on ny Cng ty trin khai nhng k hoch
u t theo chiu su v quy trnh cng ngh, my mc thit b v trnh cng nhn. Mc tiu
l to ra nhiu sn phm c gi tr gia tng cao to li th cnh tranh v nhm n nhng th
trng mc tiu nh M, Nht, EU.
u nm 2008 NBC mnh dn xy dng n thay i c cu t chc thnh Tng
Cng ty hot ng theo m hnh Cng ty m - Cng ty con. Vic chuyn i c cu t chc
qun ly to nn s lin kt bn cht xc nh r quyn li, trch nhim v vn v li ch kinh t
gia cng ty m NBC v cc cng ty con. Qua tng cng nng lc sn xut, tip th, cung
ng, nghin cu, to iu kin NBC pht trin thnh n v kinh t mnh sc cnh
tranh v hi nhp vi nn kinh t trong khu vc v trn th gii.
Tng Cng Ty May Nh B bao gm cc n v: khu I, khu II, khu III, khu IV v khu V,
trong khu V c t ti qun 12 Tp.HCM. Bn cnh l cc n v trc thuc l X
Nghip May Bnh Pht, X Nghip May Kon Tum v X nghip may Bo Lc.

3.1.4 Tm nhn, s mnh v gia tri ct li

Tm nhn: NBC mang nhng xu th thi trang mi nht n vi ngi Vit Nam v th
gii trong vai tr nh cung cp sn phm thi trang cng ngh hng u.
S mnh: NBC cung cp cho khch hng v ngi tiu dng nhng sn phm thi trang
ng tin cy cng nhng dch v chuyn nghip, to nn s t tin khi ng hnh cng
thng hiu NBC.

14
 Gi tri ct li: NBC lun hnh ng da trn nhng gi tr sau:

Khch hng l trng tm.

Trch nhim x hi.
Sng to v cht lng.
Trch nhim vi cn b - cng nhn vin.
Linh ng v hiu qu.

3.1.5 S b may t chc

Tng cng ty CP May Nh B (NBC) c t chc theo m hnh y v qun tr doanh

nghip ca mt cng ty c phn i chng. Theo , i hi ng c ng (HC) l c ch
vi quyn quyt nh nhng vn quan trng nht. HC bu Hi ng qun tr, Ban kim
sot vi trch nhim hoch nh, qun ly v gim st hot ng ca NBC. HQT b nhim Ban
Tng gim c trc tip iu hnh cc hot ng sn xut kinh doanh. Cc n v thnh vin
ca NBC c t chc tng t. i vi phn vn ca mnh, NBC u c ngi i din v
m nhim cc v tr then cht.

15
 Hinh 3.3: S b may t chc CTCP May Nh B
3.1.6 Sn phm
Bng 3.1: Cac dng sn phm ca CTCP May Nh B

Dng sn
Sn phm c tnh
phm

Ao s mi cao cp. V cng ngh: NBC s dng cng ngh may p

Veston cao cp. tin tin ca Nht Bn, to phng ngay
Trang phc d hi nhng im nhn quan trng ca o s mi nh c
De Celso cao cp. o, np o, mng st.
ng phc hc V k thut: NBC s dng cng ngh Veston
sinh - sinh vin.
tin tin may hng s mi, qu trnh rp p kho

16
 ng phc lo to phng trn tng chi tit lm form dng
nh hng gn gng, thoi mi, nng ng, tr trung hn.
khch sn
resort. Mt khc bit na l nguyn liu: De Celso
ng phc Y t - c sn xut bi nhng nh thit k mi nht,
bnh vin. ch yu ca nn khng trng vi sn phm ca
ng phc PG - cc cng ty khc.
bn hng.
Mattana l thng hiu ca NBC Tng cng ty
may mc hng u ti Vit Nam vi b dy lch s
hn 35 nm hnh thnh v pht trin. Tuy mang
Ao s mi nam.
phong cch Chu u nhng Mattana li rt ph
o thun nam.
hp vi ngi tiu dng Vit Nam, k c vc
Qun nam.
dng, cht liu ln k hut ct may.
Veston nam.
Mattana Mattana hin c nhng dng sn phm nh: o
o jacket. s mi c sn xut trn dy chuyn cng ngh
o coat. hin i nht hin nay, c o, np o, mng st
o len. phng, khng b dp, vng nch, sn rt phng
Ph kin. sau khi git, qun ty c s dng cng ngh i
p cao cp, to sc nt v gi ng ly qun
trong qu trnh s dng.
Thng hiu thi trang Novelty dnh cho gii
cng s, lun em n cho ngi mc s t tin
Ao s mi.
trong giao tip, to phong thi lch lm, sang trng
o thun Polo.
v dng v nng ng tr trung. Novelty ngoi y
o khot.
ngha mi l cn l thng ip tn tin, nh
o da.
Novelty du mt bc pht trin mi cho ngnh sn xut
Jeans. veston ti Vit Nam. Vi hn 400 bc sn xut
Khaki. trn dy chuyn hin i, bn cnh cht liu bn
Qun ty. p, thn thin mi trng, sn phm Novelty
Qun shorts. lun nhm mc ch chnh l tn vinh v p ca
ngi Vit.

17
 3.1.7 Quy trnh sn xut chung cac sn phm may mc

Hnh 3.4: Quy trinh sn xut chung cac sn phm may mc

Quy trnh sn xut chung c thit k cho tt c cc sn phm may mc ti cng ty c

thc hin theo th t sau:
Bt u l khu chun b nguyn vt liu cn thit cho tng loi sn phm bao gm c
nguyn vt liu chnh v ph v phi t cht lng yu cu.
Tip n l cng on thit k mu v may th mu xy dng nhng tiu chun cho
sn phm.
Tip theo l vic chun b my mc v xy dng tiu chun k thut cho my mc thit
b v truyn t cho cng nhn bit v xc nh chuyn se thc hin sn xut.
Cng on sn xut tri qua ba b phn bao gm b phn Ct se ct nhng bn thnh
phm theo yu cu k thut v nh s chuyn qua chuyn may. Sau khi may xong nu
sn phm t cht lng se c i nhum(nu c) sau chuyn qua b phn ng gi
chuyn cho khch hng.

18
 3.2 TNG QUAN T CT KHU IV

3.2.1 Gii thiu chung

T ct nm ti X nghip Ct trong khu IV, m nhn nhin v kim tra cht lng vi
c a vo chuyn, ct vi thnh tng chi tit theo s c sn v x ly trc khi a vo
may o thnh phm.
S lng nhn cng ti a: 65 cng nhn.
Gi lm vic: 8h-12h v 13h-16h.

Hinh 3.5: S mt bng t ct khu IV

3.2.2 Gii thiu v tng cum trong t ct

Cm bn tri vi v ct vi:

u vo: Vi cun c kim tra b mt (soi vi).

u ra: Cm cc chi tit hoc chi tit ln c ct.

19
 S lng nhn cng: 8
M t chc nng: Vi sau khi c kim tra b mt (soi vi) se c a vo khu vc
ny u tin trong t ct. Vi c tri trn bn t khong 80 n 150 lp tu theo yu
cu, sau c tri s trn b mt v chuyn qua bn ct. Ti bn ct, vi c
ct phn r thnh cc cm ln (bao gm nhiu chi tit), sau tip tc ct chi tit ti
bn ct hoc mang sang my ct vng.

Hnh 3.6: Hnh nh thc t tai bn tri vi

Hnh 3.7: Hinh nh thc t tai bn ct

20
 Cm may ct vng:

u vo: Cm chi tit c phn r.

u ra: Chi tit c ct ring l.
S lng nhn cng: 8
M t chc nng: khu vc ny ch yu ct chi tit nh hoc phc tp c phn
r thnh cm ti bn ct, cc chi tit sau ct se c xp ln k bn thnh phm ch
kim tra v mang sang thay thn.

Hnh 3.8: Hinh nh thc t tai cm may ct vng

Cm bn thay thn:

u vo: Chi tit c ct.

u ra: Chi tit c kim tra li vi v thay th.
S lng nhn cng:
M t chc nng: Cc chi tit sau khi c ct se mang sang y kim tra cc li trn
thn vi c b phn soi vi nh du hoc pht hin thm cc li b b st. Nhng
lp vi b li se c cng nhn loi ra v thay th bi lp mi c ct.

21
 Hnh 3.9: Hnh nh thc t tai bn thay thn
Cm bn anh s:

u vo: Chi tit c thay thn

u ra: Chi tit c nh s.
S lng nhn cng: 6
M t chc nng: Cc chi tit c nh s th t theo tng o, v d o s mi c 21
chi tit th 21 chi tit (1 lp vi cho 1 chi tit) khc nhau se c nh cng mt s
cng nhn d dng nhn bit khi may rp li v qun ly d dng kim tra s lng,
thng k nng sut.

Hnh 3.10: Hinh nh thc t tai bn anh s

22
 Cm bn i mi:

u vo: Chi tit c nh s.

u ra: Chi tit c i mi.
S lng nhn cng: 8
M t chc nng: Do o s mi c 2 chi tit cn phi th keo to cng l c v
mng st nhng i hi phi to hnh trc khi th v cht liu vi mng nn cc chi
tit phi i qua b phn i mi trc c nh keo trn vi trc p keo.

Hnh 3.11: Hinh nh thc t tai cm i mi

Cm may p keo:

u vo: Chi tit c nh s (i vi o vest) hoc i mi (i vi o s mi).

u ra: Chi tit c th keo.
S lng nhn cng: 12
M t chc nng: Khu vc ny ch yu phc v cho mt hng vest (6 chi tit) v c
tnh gi dng cho o nn phi dn thm mt lp keo gip to cng cho cht liu.

Hnh 3.12: Hinh nh thc t may p keo

23
 3.2.3 Quy trnh cng ngh tai t ct
Bng 3.2: Quy trinh cng ngh t ct

Trach nhim
STT Trnh t cng vic Thi gian
Ni nhn

Ph trch ct Lin tc cp nht

1 Tip nhn yu cu sx
P. K hoch KHSX mi

Ph trch ct ng ky trc 3
2 Nhn ti liu t P.CBSX
P.CBSX ngy

Phiu hoch ton:

Nhn vin thng k
giao cho b phn
3 Lp phiu hoch ton bn ct
s trc 1 ngy
P.CBSX
khi ct cn s

Nhn vin thng k

4 t v nhn nguyn ph liu Hng ngy
Kho CTy

T trng ct thng k

5 Nhn vi t + nhn s
Kho CTY
P.CBSX

7 Tri vi Nhn vin tri vi

Thi gian hon

8 Ct Nhn vin ct
thnh se thay i
ty theo n hng
9 Kim tra sau ct (thay thn) KCS Kim

9 nh s Nhn vin nh s

10 Ep keo Nhn vin p keo

11 KCS kim tra sau Ep Nhn vin KCS

Giao theo n hng

12 Giao BTP vo chuyn Nhn vin hng
chuyn may

24
 3.2.4 Quy trnh kim tra cht lng

Hinh 3.13: Quy trinh kim tra cht lng ca t ct

Nhng KCS chuyn khi pht hin li se ghi vo giy v c sau mi gi th se c nhn
vin Nhp liu i kim tra v thu thp s liu li n cui ngy tng hp v lu li c
th gii quyt kp thi khi nhn thy c vn xy ra.
Cch thc kim tra li:
Kim tra 100% i vi: Thn trc, Thn sau, Tay ln.
Kim tra xc sut 10% i vi cc chi tit nh.

25
3.2.5 Quy trnh may ao smi

Hinh 3.14: Quy trinh may ao s mi

26
S nhn cng tng ng vi cc cng on may o s mi:

Bng 3.3: S cng nhn ng vi tng cng oan may ao s mi

STT Cng oan S nhn cng

1 Tri vi 2

2 Ct tay 1

3 Ct vng 1

4 Thay thn 2

5 nh s 2

6 i mi 8

7 Th keo 1

27
 CHNG 4: PHN TCH HIN TRNG
4.1 TAKT TIME V CYCLE TIME CA TNG CNG ON
4.1.1 Takt time ca t ct
Theo ng yu cu thc t, t ct hin ti phi sn xut 6250 o s mi trn 1 ngy, vi
thi gian lm vic t 8h n 16h (c 1 ting ngh tra) th takt time ca t ct l:
7 60
Takt time = = = 40.32 (pht/bn vi)
6250 / 150 4

Vi 1 bn vi gm 150 lp vi v mi lp vi may c 4 chic o s mi trn.

4.1.2 Cycle time ca tng cng oan

Tri vi:

Do 2 ngi thc hin trn 2 bn vi, mi ngi 1 bn.

Thi gian thc hin: mi ngi cng nhn nhm o 6 mu thi gian tri 1 bn vi,
kt qu nh sau
Thi gian thc hin ca cng nhn 1 Thi gian thc hin ca cng nhn 2
STT
(pht) (pht)
1 79.4 82.6

2 75 80

3 74 67.8

4 79.6 77.5

5 88 79.5

6 79.4 90

28
 Dng s liu thu thp c tnh tr trung bnh v lch chun ta c kt qu nh
sau:

Trong :

= Grand mean = 79.4 (pht)

= = = 5.65 (pht)
12

p dng cng thc tnh s ln cn quan st:

2
N = ( ) = 9.8 Cn ly 10 mu

Trong 79.4 pht, 2 ngi cng nhn lm song song th se tri c 2 bn vi. Vy
cycle time ca cng on tri vi l 39.7 pht/bn vi.
Tng t, i vi cc cng on c nhiu hn 1 cng nhn nh cng on thay thn,
nh s, i mi, ta cng thc hin tng t nh trn, kt qu ly mu ca cc cng on trn
c trnh by ti PH LC B.

Ct tay:

Do 1 ngi ct.
Thi gian thc hin: nhm o 5 mu thi gian ct 1 bn vi, kt qu nh sau

29
 STT Thi gian thc hin ca cng nhn (pht)
1 39.5
2 36
3 41.1
4 37.8
5 36.4

1 + 2 ++
Tr trung bnh: = = 38.16 (pht)

(1 )2 ++( )2
lch chun: = = 2.14 (pht)
1

Ap dng cng thc tnh s ln cn quan st:

2
N=( ) = 9.69 Cn ly 10 mu, nhm phi ly thm 5 mu.

Thi gian thc hin ca cng nhn ct tay trong 10 ln o:
Thi gian thc hin ca cng nhn
STT
(pht)
1 39.5 38.5
2 36 43
3 41.1 39
4 37.8 32.5
5 36.4 39.8

1 + 2 ++
Tr trung bnh: = = 38.36 (pht)

Cycle time ca cng on ct tay l 38.36 pht/bn vi
Tng t, i vi cc cng on c nhiu hn 1 cng nhn nh cng on ct vng, th
keo, ta cng thc hin tng t nh trn, kt qu ly mu ca cc cng on trn c trnh
by ti PH LC B.

30
 Bng tm tt kt qu:

Thi gian thc hin 1 bn vi

STT Cng oan S nhn cng
(pht)
1 Tri vi 2 39.7
2 Ct tay 1 38.36
3 Ct vng 1 35.52
4 Thay thn 2 35.12
5 nh s 2 20.066
i c 4 49.175
6
mng st 4 42.45
7 Th keo 1 38.76

4.2 HIU SUT V MT CN BNG CHUYN

Sau khi c thi gian thc hin 1 bn vi ca cc cng on trong quy trnh sn xut o s
mi, nhm ve c biu cycle time v takt time nh sau:

BIU CYCLE TIME V TAKT TIME CA

CC CNG ON
Thi gian (pht)
60
49.175
50
39.7 38.36 38.76
40 35.52 35.12

30
20.066
20

10

0
Tri vi Ct tay Ct vng Thay thn nh s i mi Th keo

mt cn bng chuyn = 100% = 25.43%

Hiu sut ca chuyn = 100% - mt cn bng chuyn = 74.57%

Da vo biu ta thy mt cn bng chuyn l rt ln (25.43%), nguyn nhn cho
vic ny chnh l do thi gian thc hin cng on i mi cao hn takt time (49.175 pht), v
vy nhm se tp trung ci tin ti trm i mi.

31
 CHNG 5: CI TIN TRM I MI T CT KHU IV
5.1 PHN TCH TRM LM VIC
5.1.1 Vi tr
Khu vc sn xut o s mi nm pha tay phi ca t ct khu IV nhn t li vo, trm i
mi c b tr st mt tng bn phi nh hnh sau:

KHU VC SN XUT O S MI TRN

Hinh 5.1: Mt bng t ct khu IV

32
 5.1.2 Ngun lc
Bng 5.1: Bng m t ngun lc tram i mi

STT Ngun lc Chc nng S lng

1 Nhn cng i c i mi c o 4
2 Nhn cng i mng st i mi mng st 4
3 Gh Cho ngi nhn cng ngi 9
3 Bn i Lm nng chy keo 8
4 Ko Ct ch 8
5 Mnh thc dy nh o kch thc keo 6
Theo di tin n hng v
6 Bng k hoch sn xut 8
kim sot s lng thc hin
7 K cha keo keo 2
8 K cha bn thnh phm bn thnh phm khu i 1
9 K cha bn i bn i 1
Gm bn lm vic ca cng
10 Bn lm vic 9
nhn v KCS

5.1.3 Vai tr
i mi l cng on trc khi thc hin p keo, y l cng on to cc im kt ni
nh hnh trc khi i. Nhim v i mi l to cc im kt ni nh hnh gia keo v vi chnh
trc khi thc hin p keo ton din.
u vo:

Keo cho c v mng st c ct.

Chi tit vi c v mng st c ct, thay thn v nh s.

u ra:

Chi tit c gm hai phn c c nh keo v to np.

Chi tit mng st c c nh keo.

5.1.4 Mi trng lm vic

n: n trung bnh nhm o c trong t ct l 65dB, nm trong gii hn cho php
l di 90dB i vi cng nhn lm vic 8 ting/ngy.

33
 Hnh 5.2: n o c

Hinh 5.3: n cho php theo tiu chun OSHA

Nhit : thng s v nhit c nhm o trong ba khung gi (8h-11h, 11h-14h, 14h-
16h) v thu thp c nhng khong nhit nh sau:
Bng 5.2: Thng s nhit o c tai t ct

Khung gi Nhit ( C)

8h-11h 26-28

11h-14h 28-30

14-16h 26-28

34
 Theo tiu chun nhit d ca OSHA th i vi ma nng, nhit ti a cho loi lao
ng trung bnh l 32 C. Do t ct c h thng lm mt bng hi nc lun gi cho khng
kh lun thong mt nn nhit ti a nhm o c trong t ct nm trong gii hn cho php
ca tiu chun OSHA.
Bng 5.3: Nhit cho php theo tiu chun ca OSHA

Nhit Tc
Thi Loai khng kh (0C) m
chuyn ng Cng bc
gian lao khng
khng kh xa nhit (W/m2)
(ma) ng Ti kh (%)
Ti a (m/s)
thiu
Nh 20 0,2 35 W/m2 khi tip xc
trn 50% din tch c
Trung 18 0,4
Ma Di hoc th con ngi
bnh
lanh bng 80 70 W/m2 khi tip xc
Nng 16 0,5
trn 25% din tch c
th con ngi
Nh 34
100 W/m2 khi tip
Ma Trung 32 Di hoc
1,5 xc di 25% din
nng bnh bng 80
tch c th con ngi
Nng 30

nh sng: nh sng ca t ct ch yu n t h thng n hunh quang c lp t ti

khu sn xut v khng s dng nh sng mt tri. Mc nh sng nhm o c ti t ct
l 1250 LUX. Theo tiu chun ca ILO th mc nh sng trung bnh dnh cho lnh vc
may mc l 500 LUX. V vy, h thng n ti t ct cung cp nh sng thc
hin sn xut.
Bng 5.4: Mc anh sang trung binh v ti thiu theo tiu chun ILO

35
 5.2 NGHIN CU THAO TC
5.2.1 Thao tac i mi c ao
Bng 5.5: Bng phn tch Two Hands thao tac i mi c ao

STT Thao tc M t Tay tri Tay phi

Bc ming keo ln
t chng keo bn
Bc keo bu
1 Bc ming keo ln. cnh.
c ln.
Ko ming keo
cng ra.
t ming keo ln C nh bn tri.
t keo bu c
2 xung vi bu v cn C nh bn phi
ln.
chnh cho kht.
Di chuyn bn i qua Nhc bn i ln, t
Di chuyn bn
3 phn cn li ca chn vo phn bn tri
i chn c.
c di. chn c.
Bc ming keo nh
t chng keo bn
Bc keo bu
4 Bc ming keo nh. cnh.
c nh.
Ko ming keo
cng ra.
t ming keo nh C nh bn tri.
t keo bu c
5 xung vi bu v cn C nh bn phi
nh.
chnh cho kht.

t bn i mt bn Nhc bn i t chn
t bn i ln
6 bu c nhm c nh c pha di t ln
bu c.
ming keo. bn phi bu c.

Ly chn c Ly ming chn c

Bc ming chn c Bc ming chn c
7 va i xong ra pha di va i xong
ra. ra.
ngoi. ra ngoi.
Bc ming keo t vo Bc ming keo t
Bc keo chn
8 vi chn c chun b chng keo bn cnh.
c.
i.

36
 Ko ming keo
cng ra.
t keo chn t ming keo xung C nh bn tri.
9 C nh bn phi
c. chn c v canh chnh.
Di chuyn bn i qua Nhc bn i ln, t
Di chuyn bn
10 phn cn li ca bu vo phn bn tri
i bu c.
c trn. bu c.
Bc keo cui Ly ming bn
11 Bc 2 ming keo nh. Ly ming bn tri.
chn c. phi.
- Cm ming keo v - t keo xung v
Ln lt t 2 ming gip c nh bn canh chnh cho
t keo cui keo xung 2 u vi phi. ming keo vo ch.
12
chn c. chn c v cn chnh - t ming keo - Gip c nh keo
cho kht. xung v canh
chnh.
t bn i ln t bn i mt bn Nhc bn i t bu
13 bn phi chn chn c nhm c nh c pha trn t ln
c. 2 lp keo. bn phi chn c.
Ly bu c Ly ming bu c
Bc ming bu c ra Bc ming bu c
14 va i xong ra pha trn va i xong
trn. ra trn.
ngoi. ra ngoi.

Bng 5.6: Bng thu thp thi gian thc hin ca cac thao tc i mi c
Tn thao S ln quan st
STT
tc 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Bc keo
1 2 2 1.7 1.7 2 1.7 1.9 1.7 2 1.8
bu c ln.
t keo
2 1.9 1.5 1.7 1.7 2 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.7
bu c ln.
Di chuyn
3 bn i 1 1 0.7 0.8 1 0.8 1 0.9 1 0.8
chn c.

37
 Bc keo
4 1 0.8 0.8 0.8 1 1 0.9 0.9 1 0.8
bu c nh.
t keo
5 2.5 3.1 2.5 2.6 3 2.7 2.6 2.6 3 2.7
bu c nh.
t bn i
6 1 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.8 1 0.9 1 0.8 0.8
ln bu c.
Ly chn
c va i
7 1 1 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 1 0.9 0.9 0.8
xong ra
ngoi.
Bc keo
8 1 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.7 1 0.9
chn c.
t keo
9 1 1 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 1 0.8 0.8 0.8
chn c.
Di chuyn
10 bn i 0.8 1 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.8
bu c.
Bc keo
11 cui chn 1.7 2 1.7 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.7
c.
t keo
12 cui chn 4 4 4 3.9 4 4 4.2 4 4 4
c.
t bn i
ln bn
13 0.8 1.1 0.8 0.8 1 0.8 0.8 1 0.8 0.9
phi chn
c.
Ly bu c
va i
14 0.7 1 0.8 0.9 1 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.8 1
xong ra
ngoi.
(n v: giy)

38
 5.2.2 Thao tac i mi mng st
Bng 5.7: Bng phn tch Two Hands thao tac i mi mng st

STT Thao tc M t Tay tri Tay phi

Bc ming keo t
Bc keo mng Bc ming keo cho chng keo bn cnh.
1
st trn. mng st trn Ko ming keo cng
ra.
t ming keo xung C nh bn tri.
t keo mng
2 vi mng st trn v C nh bn phi
st trn.
cn chnh cho kht
Gp mp tri li.
Gp np mng Gp np phn trn Vut dc theo thn
3
st. ming vi mng st. vi to thnh np
gp.
Nhc bn i t mng
t bn i mt bn
t bn i ln gi np gp va st pha di t ln
4 mng st nhm c
mng st trn. to. bn phi mng st
nh ming keo.
trn.
Ly mng st
Ly ming mng st Bc ming mng st Bc ming mng st
pha di va
5 pha di va i xong ra v t xung pha ra v t xung pha
i xong ra
ra ngoi. di. di.
ngoi.
Di chuyn bn Di chuyn bn i qua
np gp bn tri y bn i qua phn
6 i mng st phn cn li ca mng
mng st xung. bn tri mng st.
trn. st trn.
Bc ming keo t
Bc keo mng Bc ming keo cho chng keo bn cnh.
7
st di. mng st di. Ko ming keo cng
ra.
t ming keo xung C nh bn tri.
t keo mng
8 vi mng st di v C nh bn phi
st di.
cn chnh cho kht.

39
 Gp mp tri li.
Gp np mng Gp np phn trn
9 Vut dc theo thn
st. ming vi mng st.
vi to np
Nhc bn i t mng
t bn i mt bn
t bn i ln gi np gp va st pha trn t ln
10 mng st nhm c
mng st di. to. bn phi mng st
nh ming keo.
di.
Ly mng st
Ly ming mng st Bc ming mng st Bc ming mng st
pha trn va
11 pha trn va i xong ra v t ln pha ra v t ln pha
i xong ra
ra ngoi. trn. trn.
ngoi.
Di chuyn bn Di chuyn bn i qua
np gp bn tri y bn i qua phn
12 i mng st phn cn li ca mng
mng st xung. bn tri mng st.
di. st di.

Bng 5.8: Bng thu thp thi gian thi gian thc hin ca cac thao tc i mi mng st
S ln quan sat
STT Thao tc
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Bc keo mng
1 1 0.8 0.8 1 1 1 0.8 1 1 0.9
st trn.
t keo mng
2 1 0.8 0.8 1 1 0.8 1 1 0.8 0.8
st trn.
Gp np mng
3 1.8 2 2 2.2 2 2 2 2 2 2
st.
t bn i ln
4 2 2 2 2.2 2 2 2 2 1.8 2
mng st trn.
Ly mng st
5 pha di va 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5
i xong ra.
Di chuyn bn
6 i mng st 2 1.8 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
trn.

40
 Bc keo mng
7 1.2 0.8 1 1.2 1.1 1 1 1 1 1
st di.
t keo mng
8 1 0.8 0.8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
st di.
Gp np mng
9 2 1.8 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
st.
t bn i ln
10 2 2 2 2 2 2.2 2 2 2 2
mng st di.
Ly mng st
11 pha trn va 1 0.8 0.8 0.8 1 1 1 1 1 0.8
i xong ra.
Di chuyn bn
12 i mng st 1 0.8 1 1 1 1 1 1 0.8 1
di.
(n v: giy)
Trong qu trnh nghin cu thao tc, nhm nhn thy thao tc gia cc cng nhn cha
c s thng nht v vn cn thao tc tha c th loi b gim thi gian i mi. V vy, nhm
se tin hnh chun ho li thao tc i mi v xy dng bng thao tc chun cho trm i.
5.3 CHUN HO THAO TC
5.3.1 Chun hoa thao tac i mi c ao
Bng 5.9: Bng thao tac chun cng oan i c

STT Thao tc M t Tay tri Tay phi

Bc ming keo ln
t chng keo bn
Bc keo bu
1 Bc ming keo ln. cnh.
c ln.
Ko ming keo
cng ra.
t ming keo ln C nh bn tri.
t keo bu c
2 xung vi bu v cn C nh bn phi
ln.
chnh cho kht.
Di chuyn bn i qua Nhc bn i ln, t
Di chuyn bn
3 phn cn li ca chn vo phn bn tri
i chn c.
c di. chn c.

41
 Bc ming keo nh
t chng keo bn
Bc keo bu
4 Bc ming keo nh. cnh.
c nh.
Ko ming keo
cng ra.
t ming keo nh C nh bn tri.
t keo bu c
5 xung vi bu v cn C nh bn phi
nh.
chnh cho kht.
t bn i mt bn Nhc bn i t chn
t bn i ln
6 bu c nhm c nh c pha di t ln
bu c.
ming keo. bn phi bu c.

Ly chn c Ly ming chn c

Bc ming chn c Bc ming chn c
7 va i xong ra pha di va i xong
ra. ra.
ngoi. ra ngoi.

Bc ming keo t
Bc ming keo t vo
Bc keo chn chng keo bn cnh.
8 vi chn c chun b
c. Ko ming keo
i.
cng ra.

t ming keo xung C nh bn tri.

t keo chn
9 vi chn c v cn C nh bn phi
c.
chnh cho kht.

Di chuyn bn i qua Nhc bn i ln, t

Di chuyn bn
10 phn cn li ca bu vo phn bn tri
i bu c.
c trn. bu c.
Bc keo cui Ly ming bn
11 Bc 2 ming keo nh. Ly ming bn tri.
chn c. phi.
- t ming keo tri - t ming keo
Cng lc t 2 ming
xung bn tri chn phi xung bn phi
t keo cui keo xung 2 u vi
12 c. chn c.
chn c. chn c v cn chnh
- Canh chnh keo - Canh chnh keo
cho kht.
tri. phi.

42
 t bn i mt bn Nhc bn i t bu
t bn i ln
13 chn c nhm c nh c pha trn t ln
chn c.
2 lp keo. bn phi chn c.
Ly bu c Ly ming bu c
Bc ming bu c ra Bc ming bu c
14 va i xong ra pha trn va i xong
trn. ra trn.
ngoi. ra ngoi.

Thao tc sau chun ho c s khc bit thao tc th 12. Trc khi chun ho, thao tc
12, ngi cng nhn t keo ln bn phi chn c, sau dng tay phi v ngn gia tay tri
canh chnh keo trong khi ngn ci v ngn tr vn ang cm keo i cho bn chn c bn tri.
Sau khi quan st v nghin cu, nhm nhn thy thao tc , ngi cng nhn c th t c
2 ming keo ln cng lc, tip canh chnh ln lt 2 bn tri phi. S thay i ny c th
loi b thao tc tha l t ming keo bn tri ln chn c v c th lm gim thi gian canh
chnh v khi ch canh chnh bng ngn gia trong lc cm keo bng ngn ci v ngn tr se
khin vic canh chnh thiu chnh xc, phi chnh i chnh li nhiu ln.
5.3.2 Phn tch thi gian sau khi chun hoa thao tac i mi c ao
Sau khi nghin cu thao tc hin ti v tin hnh chun ho li thao tc th 12, nhm thc
hin xc nh thi gian thc hin thao tc chun ho theo phng php Predetermined Time
Systems. V thao tc th 12 c s lp li cao v thi gian thc hin thao tc ngn hn 10 giy
nn ta se s dng phng php MTM1, mt trong nhng phng php Predetermined Time
Systems (xem chi tit ti PH LC C)
Thao tc chun ho c phn tch thnh cc thao tc nh ng vi 7 thao tc c bn ca
thao tc MTM1 nh sau:
Bng 5.10: Bng m t thao tac chun hoa theo 7 thao tac c bn

Thao tac c bn M t

MOVE Di chuyn 2 ming keo n 2 v tr trn c o bng 2 tay

RELEASE Th ming keo bn tri xung c o trong khi tay phi vn gi keo

POSITION C nh keo bn phi

REACH Vi ti ming keo bn tri

GRASP Cm ly keo bn tri

POSITION C nh keo bn tri

43
 MOVE: Di chuyn 2 ming keo n 2 v tr trn c o bng 2 tay

Thao tc di chuyn keo cn a 2 ming keo n 2 v tr c nh c o nn chn trng

hp l B. T ch keo n v tr ca c o l 15 cm (5.9 inches) nn thc hin thao tc ny
cn 8.9 TMU.

Hnh 5.4: Bng d liu thao tc MOVE ca phng phap MTM1 (Niebels Methods,
Standards and Work Design, Benjamin Niebel, 12th edition)

RELEASE: Th ming keo bn tri xung c o trong khi tay phi vn gi keo

Vic th ming keo xung c o c thc hin bng cch m rng 2 ngn tay cm keo
ra t xung nn thao tc ny thuc trng hp 1, mt 2 TMU thc hin thao tc ny

Hnh 5.5: Bng d liu thao tc RELEASE ca phng phap MTM1 (Niebels Methods,
Standards and Work Design, Benjamin Niebel, 12th edition)

44
 POSITION: C nh keo bn phi
Vic c nh keo khng cn n dng n lc, d x ly v cn i xng nn se mt 5.6
TMU thc hin thao tc ny.

Hnh 5.6: Bng d liu thao tc POSITION ca phng phap MTM1 (Niebels Methods,
Standards and Work Design, Benjamin Niebel, 12th edition)

REACH: Vi ti ming keo bn tri

Vic vi ti ming keo bn tri c t v tr c nh t trc nn se ri vo trng hp A,
v khong cch t v tr th keo bn tri v bn phi l 65 cm (25.59 inches) v vy thi gian
thc hin l 15.8 TMU

Hnh 5.7: Bng d liu thao tc REACH ca phng phap MTM1 (Niebels Methods,
Standards and Work Design, Benjamin Niebel, 12th edition)

45
 GRASP: Cm ly keo bn tri
Thao tc cm keo bn tri l thao tc cm ming keo nh nm trn mt phng ngang, d
cm nn se ri vo trng hp 1B v cn 3.5 TMU thc hin.

Hnh 5.8: Bng d liu thao tc GRASP ca phng phap MTM1 (Niebels Methods,
Standards and Work Design, Benjamin Niebel, 12th edition)

POSITION: C nh keo bn tri

Vic c nh keo bn tri tng t nh thao tc c nh keo bn phi, khng cn n dng
n lc, d x ly v cn i xng nn se mt 5.6 TMU thc hin thao tc ny.
Kt qu:
Bng 5.11: Bng kt qu thi gian thc hin cac thao tac theo phng phap MTM1

Thi gian thao tc

Thao tac c bn M t
(TMU)

Di chuyn 2 ming keo n 2 v tr trn c o

MOVE 8.9
bng 2 tay
Th ming keo bn tri xung c o trong khi
RELEASE 2
tay phi vn gi keo

POSITION C nh keo bn phi 5.6

REACH Vi ti ming keo bn tri 15.8

GRASP Cm ly keo bn tri 3.5

POSITION C nh keo bn tri 5.6

TNG 41.4

46
 Da trn phng php MTM1, thao tc 12 sau khi chun ho se c thc hin trong
41.1 TMU, 1 TMU = 0.00001 h, tng ng vi 1.4904 giy. Nhn thy, thao tc sau chun
ho gim hn nhiu so vi thao tc trc chun ho:

Trc chun ho: 4.01 giy

Sau chun ho: 1.4904 giy

5.3.3 Tnh h s b tr Allowance cho thi gian chun hoa thao tac i mi c

Hinh 5.9: Bng h s b tr do con ngi theo ILO

47
 Da vo bng trn ta c th tnh ra c h s b tr do con ngi cho thao tc chun
ho nh sau:

A. Constant allowances 9%

B. Variable allowances

High monotony 4%

Very tedious 5%

Ngoi yu t b tr do con ngi cn c yu t b tr do yu t ngu nhin 1% v b tr

do my 2%, tng b tr l 21%.
Thi gian nh mc (Standard time) cho thao tc 12 sau chun ho l:
ST = 1.4904 (1+21%) = 1.8 (giy)
Tng thi gian ca thao tc i c o s mi:
Trc chun ho: 19.67 giy
Sau chun ho: 17.46 giy
Thi gian gim c trn mi chu k: 2.21 giy
Thi gian gim c trn mi bn vi: 5.525 pht
5.4 PHN TCH CC B PHN CA TRM LM VIC
Trm i mi bao gm:
8 bn lm vic cho cng nhn.
1 bn lm vic ca KCS.
1 k cha bn i.
2 dy k cha keo.
1 dy k cha bn thnh phm hon tt (ch mang sang p keo).

Hnh 5.10: Mt bng tram i mi

48
Hnh 5.12: Hinh nh thc t tram i mi

Hnh 5.13: Bn KCS tai tram i mi

49
 Hnh 5.14: K bn i
Cc b phn trong khu vc lao ng ca mt cng nhn gm: mt bn lm vic, mt gh,
mt st ng rc (vi v keo b loi) dng chung cho hai ngi.

Hnh 5.15: Bng v 3D bn lm vic ca mt ngi cng nhn

50
 Bn lm vic ca cng nhn c 3 tng:
Tng trn cng qut bn lm mt.
Tng gia dng c.
Tng di (mt bn) l khng gian gia cng.
Gh ngi chia lm 3 phn:
Bn tri t vi cha c i mi.
gia l v tr ngi ca cng nhn.
Bn phi t bn thnh phm hon tt, ch mang sang p keo.

Hnh 5.16: Bn lm vic ca cng nhn

51
 Hnh 5.17: S khu vc lm vic ca cng nhn

Hnh 5.18: Mt bng b tr bn lm vic tng di ca cng oan i mng st

52
 Hnh 5.19: Mt bng b tr bn lm vic tng di ca cng oan i c
Ngun lc thc hin ca mt ngi cng nhn:
Bng 5.12: Bng m t ngun lc tai bn lm vic

Ngun lc M t chc nng ngun lc S lng

Ko Ct ch tha, keo tha, vi tha. 1

C qut Qut bi, ch tha bm trn vi, mt bn. 1

Bn i Tc dng nhit c nh keo trn b mt vi. 1

bn i Ch t bn i khi khng s dng. 1

cm Cung cp ngun in cho bn i. 1

Cu dao m bo an ton cho ngun in. 1

Bt Ghi nhn s lng chi tit gia cng. 1

Giy Ghi nhn s lng chi tit gia cng. 1

Nhn cng Thc hin cc thao tc gia cng. 1

53
 Hnh 5.20: V tr c, ko tai bn lm vic
5.5 B TR LI MT BNG TRM LM VIC
5.5.1 B tr mt bng tram i c
Ti mt bng bn lm vic trm i c, c th thy keo dnh cho vic i mi c rt
ln xn, khng theo mt hng nht nh nn i khi phi thm thao tc xoay ming keo li
cho ng hng. Ngoi ra, keo c t kh xa so vi v tr chn c cn i nn tn thm thi
gian thc hin thao tc.

Hnh 5.21: Keo ln xn

54
 V vy nhm a ra 2 phng n gii quyt vn ny nh sau:

Phng an 1: Thit k khay ng keo

Hnh 5.22: Khay ng keo

Khay ng keo c chiu ngang l 7 cm, ph hp vi kch thc ca ming keo l 73
cm.

Hnh 5.23: Ming keo i chn c

Vo 9h55p v 2h10p c 2 ln tp th dc khong 10p cho cng nhn, v vy, chiu di
ca khay phi ng s keo ch cn i ly thm keo vo cc ln tp th dc v sau
gi ngh tra. Thi gian lm vic lin tc di nht l 1h55p (t 8h n 9h55p), vo thi
115
im lm c: = 2.63 bn vi (vi 43.65 pht l thi gian i mi c o mt
43.65
bn vi sau chun ho).
Vi 2.63 bn vi, lng keo cn dng cho mi bn cho mi cng nhn l: 2.63150 =
395.18 Lm trn n 400 ming keo.
Keo t trn khay se c t dn tri trn khay v cch nhau t 1-2 mm Chiu di
khay tm tnh l 15 cm.
V tr khay trn bn: khay se c ngang vi tm tay ngi cng nhn v cch chn
c cn i keo 5 cm.

55
 V tr ca
khay keo

Hnh 5.24: V tr ca keo trn bn

Hnh 5.25: Hinh phi cnh ca khay trn bn lm vic

Phng an 2: Thit k hp tr ng keo

cha c 400 ming keo nh tnh trn, ta cn 400 0.02 = 8 (cm) vi 0.02 cm
l dy ca mt ming keo.
Trong lng hp tr c khot theo hnh ming keo c th rt ming keo u tin ra
m khng ko theo cc ming keo di.
Hp tr ng keo c hnh dng nh sau:

56
 Hnh 5.26: Hp tr ng keo
Vic nh gi tnh kh thi trong tng mi phng n c nh gi thng qua 3 tiu ch
nh sau:
Chi ph thp: c nh gi thng qua chi ph thit k, mua v lp t thit b.
Tnh hu dng: c nh gi qua sc cha keo ca khay, mc d dng trong thao tc
ca ngi cng nhn, hng dn cho cng nhn mi.
Din tch: c nh gi qua din tch khay chim dng.
Xc nh trng s cho tng yu t:
Bng 5.13: Bng xac nh trng s cho cac yu t cho cac phng an ng keo

Tng Trng
Tiu ch im
Yu t nh hng im s
anh gia
1 2 3 4 5
Chi ph thit k X 4 0.2
Chi ph
Chi ph mua X
Sc cha ca khay X
Tnh hu
D dng trong thao tc X 12 0.6
dng
D dng hng dn X
Din tch Din tch chim dng X 4 0.2
TNG 20 1

57
 nh gi phng n 1 (khay ng keo) v phng n 2 (hp tr ng keo):
Bng 5.14: Bng anh gia cac phng an ng keo

Tiu ch Trng s Phng an 1 Phng an 2

Thit k 0.1 3 2
Chi ph thp
Mua & lp t 0.1 4 3
Sc cha 0.2 3 2
Tnh hu dng D dng thao tc 0.25 5 3
D dng hng dn 0.15 3 3
Din tch Din tch chim dng 0.2 2 4
TNG 3.4 2.9

Phng n 1 c tng im ln nht trong 2 phng n l 3.4, v vy nhm chn phng n

s dng khay ng keo dng hnh hp dp.
Thng thng, vi tha c ngi cng nhn ngay bn phi ca bn v khi n gi
ngh mi b vo thng rc bn cnh. iu ny khin din tch bn lm vic b thu hp, gy
vng vu cho thao tc tay ca ngi cng nhn v mt m quan. V vy khi b tr li trm lm
vic, phn vi tha se khng c ngay tm tay ngi cng nhn na, nhm xut 2 y
tng nh sau:

Phng an 1: c l trn bn v gn mc l mng bch nilong ng rc

Phng n 1 c th hin nh hnh sau:

Hnh 5.27: Hinh v phi cnh l c trn bn v mc tai l

58
 Phng an 2: c l trn bn v lp t h thng thanh trt v r ng
Phng n 2 c th hin nh hnh sau:

Hnh 5.28: Hinh v phi cnh l rac trn bn lm vic

Hnh 5.29: H thng thanh trt v r ng rac

59
 Vic nh gi tnh kh thi trong tng mi phng n c nh gi thng qua 4 yu t
nh:
Chi ph: c nh gi thng qua chi ph thit k, mua v lp t thit b.
Tnh hu dng: c nh gi qua sc cha vi tha, mc d dng trong thao tc set
up v s cn tr trong qu trnh lm vic ngi cng nhn.
Din tch: c nh gi qua din tch thit b chim dng.
bn: c nh gi qua vng i thit b.
Xc nh trng s cho tng yu t:
Bng 5.15: Bng xac nh trng s cho cac yu t cho cac phng an ng rac

Tng Trng
im
Tiu ch anh gia Yu t nh hng im s
1 2 3 4 5
Chi ph thit k X 5 0.2
Chi ph
Chi ph mua, lp t X
Sc cha vi tha X
D dng trong set up X 0.52
13
Tnh hu dng
Khng gy cn tr cho thao tc
X
lm vic
Din tch Din tch chim dng X 4 0.16
bn Vng i thit b X 3 0.12
TNG 25 1
nh gi phng n 1 (c l v treo mc) v phng n 2 (c l v lm h thng trt):
Bng 5.16: Bng anh gia cac phng an ng rc

Phng an Phng an
Tiu ch Trng s
1 2
Thit k 0.08 4 3
Chi ph
Mua, lp t 0.12 4 3
Sc cha vi tha 0.16 3 4
Tnh hu dng D dng trong set up 0.16 2 4
Khng gy cn tr cho thao tc 0.2 3 3
Din tch Din tch thit b chim dng 0.16 3 3
bn bn thit b 0.12 4 3
TNG 3.16 3.32
Phng n 2 c tng im ln nht trong 2 phng n l 3.32, v vy nhm chn phng
n 2 l c l v lm h thng thanh trt c r cha vi tha.
60
 5.5.2 B tr mt bng tram i mng st
Khi mng st chng th 2 c i th phi em ln chng mng st i pha trn,
va tn thi gian li vng dy in ca bn i, nhm quyt nh b tr li nh sau:

Hnh 5.30: Mt bng tram i mng st sau khi b tr lai

Trn bn se c thm mt chng mng st i pha di, khi mng st chng mng
st th 2 c i xong se c em xung di, gim bt thi gian so vi vic em ln
chng mng st i pha trn.
Ngoi ra, nhm cng xut nn c l trn bn t phn vi tha, khng chim din
tch trn bn v to tnh thm m cho bn lm vic.
5.5.3 Thi gian gim c
thao tc di chuyn keo t ch n 2 v tr c nh trn c o c chun ho bng
phng php MTM-1 vi khong cch l 15 cm. Sau khi ci tin mt bng trm lm vic, nhm
chn phng n v khay keo t cch chng chn c cn i theo kch thc nh trn.
Vy khong cch ln nht khi ly keo l 52 + 52 = 5 cm 2.78 inches
Thao tc Move l M3B = 5.7 TMU = 0.2052 (giy)
Sau khi nhn h s b tr vo ta c 0.248 giy Tng thi gian thc hin thao tc 12
= 1.66 giy
thao tc i mng st, thi gian thc hin thao tc ly mng st t chng th 2 xung
chng mng st i di c nh mc bng phng php MTM-1 nh sau:

61
 GRASP: Cm ly keo bn tri
Thao tc cm mng st l thao tc cm ming vi c kch thc trung bnh nm trn mt
phng ngang, d cm nn se ri vo trng hp 1A v cn 2.0 TMU thc hin.

Hnh 5.31: Bng d liu thao tc GRASP ca phng phap MTM1 (Niebels Methods,
Standards and Work Design, Benjamin Niebel, 12th edition)

MOVE: Di chuyn mng st n v tr chng mng st i pha di

Thao tc di chuyn mng st cn a mng st n v tr c nh l chng mng st i

pha di nn chn trng hp l B. T ch mng st cha i n chng mng st i l
3 cm (5.9 inches) nn thc hin thao tc ny cn 8.9 TMU.

Hnh 5.32: Bng d liu thao tc MOVE ca phng phap MTM1 (Niebels Methods,
Standards and Work Design, Benjamin Niebel, 12th edition)

62
 RELEASE: Th ming mng st xung chng mng st i

Vic th mng st c thc hin bng cch m rng 2 ngn tay cm mng st ra t
xung nn thao tc ny thuc trng hp 1, mt 2.0 TMU thc hin thao tc ny

Hnh 5.33: Bng d liu thao tc RELEASE ca phng phap MTM1 (Niebels Methods,
Standards and Work Design, Benjamin Niebel, 12th edition)

Sau khi cng tt c gi tr TMU ca cc thao tc v nhn vi b tr, ta c gi tr sau ci

tin v chun ho l 0.56 giy, gi tr trc ci tin: 1.4 giy.

5.6 TNG KT CI TIN

5.6.1 Ci tin v mt thi gian
Sau khi thc hin quy trnh chun ho cng vic, b tr li trm lm vic v tnh ton thi
gian nh mc, thi gian thc hin cc trm i mi c o v mng st nh sau:
Bng 5.17: Thi gian thao tac i mi trc v sau ci tin

Thao tc Trc ci tin Sau ci tin

i mi c o 19.67 17.32

i mi mng st 16.98 16.14

Vi thi gian nh trn, nhm ve c biu takt time v cycle time sau ci tin nh
sau:

BIU CYCLE TIME V TAKT TIME

CA CC CNG ON
Thi gian (pht)
50
43.3
39.7 38.36 38.76
40 35.52 35.12

30
20.066
20

10

0
Tri vi Ct tay Ct vng Thay thn nh s i mi Th keo
63

mt cn bng chuyn = 100% = 17.2%

Hiu sut ca chuyn = 100% - mt cn bng chuyn = 82.8%
5.6.2 S lng sn phm lm thm
Sau khi gim thi gian thc hin 1 bn vi xung cn 43.3 pht, ta se tnh c lng
sn phm sn xut ra thm ti t ct khu IV l:
760 760
( ) 150 4 = 695.3 (sn phm/ngy)
43.3 49.175

64
 CHNG 6: KT LUN V KIN NGH

6.1 KT LUN

Sau khi tin hnh nghin cu ci tin thao tc Cng ty May Nh B, nhm nhn thy
t c mc tiu ra ban u:

Thi gian thc hin thao tc i c gim c 12% (19.67-17.32=2.35 giy), thi gian
thc hin thao tc i mng st gim c 4.9% (16.98-16.14=0.84 giy).
Thng qua vic rt ngn thi gian thao tc hn 12% ti trm c bottleneck l trm i mi
dn n nng sut ca dy chuyn sn xut o smi tng ln 14%.
Gip ngi cng nhn ci tin thao tc, thoi mi trong qu trnh hot ng lu di, b tr
li bn lm vic mt cch khoa hc v gn gng.

6.2 KIN NGH

Do vn v thi gian v hn ch ca n nn cc thao tc sau ci tin v cc dng c

h tr cha c p dng vo thc t. Nhm kin ngh p dng cc thao tc sau ci tin
v tnh ton li nng sut nh gi mc hiu qu ca vic ci tin.
Do hn ch v thi gian thc hin nn nhm ch chn trm ci tin l thm c thi gian
gia cng ln nht v sn phm chnh. Nhm kin ngh ci tin thao tc ti cc trm gia
cng cn li trong tng lai.
Hin ti nhm ch nghin cu ti mt khu ca Cng ty May Nh B. Nhm kin ngh
thc hin nghin cu ci tin thao tc ti cc xng cn li ca cng ty.

65
TI LIU THAM KHO

1. o Lng Lao ng V Thit K Cng Vic Cho Sn Xut Cng Nghip.

Nguyn Vn Chung, 2009, NXB H Quc Gia Tp.HCM.

2. Methods, Standards, and Work Design, Benjamin Niebel & Andrils Freivalds, 12th
Edition
3. Operations Management, William.J.Stevenson, 11th edition
4. Operations Management, Nigel Slack, 5th edition
5. Bi ging o lng v thit k cng vic, Ngc Hin
6. Complete Business Statistics, 7th edition
7. Bi ging Thng k trong cng nghip, L Ngc Qunh Lam

66
 PH LC
PH LC A: BIU MU CU HI PHNG VN
xc nh vn tng qut ca cng ty v nhu cu, nguyn vng ca cng ty i vi
quy trnh sn xut ti t ct khu IV, nhm quyt nh s dng k thut thu thp d liu bng
cch phng vn. Phng vn gip thu thp nhng d liu nh tnh ph hp cho trng hp
mun tm hiu mt vn no .
Mc ch phng vn: xc nh vn mt cch tng qut, nm c tnh hnh sn xut
ca t ct nh thc hin phng vn i vi Qun c t ct khu IV Anh Trn Vn Kin. Bng
cu hi c ni dung nh sau:
STT Cu hi Cu tr li
Nng sut dng o s mi khng t yu cu,
Vn ng quan tm
1 thng xuyn b t may hi thc v khng cc
hin ti t ct l g?
chi tit hon chnh tip tc sn xut.
Nng sut ca t ct hin Khng c mt con s c th v khng lu gi s
2
ti l bao nhiu? liu trong qu kh, nm trong khong 70%.
- Thao tc cha hp ly.

3 Nng sut km l do u? - Cng nhn lm chm.

- My mc h hng.
Nhu cu/mong mun ca - nh gi c tnh hnh sn xut ca cng ty.
4
cng ty l g? - Tng nng sut ln 80%.

67
 PH LC B: KT QU THI GIAN THC HIN CC CNG ON CN LI

Sau khi phn tch thi gian thc hin ca cng on tri vi (do 2 ngi thc hin) v
cng on ct tay (do 1 ngi thc hin), ta c th o tng t vi cc cng on cn li nh
sau:

Ct vng:

Do 1 ngi thc hin trn 1 bn ct.

Thi gian thc hin: nhm o 7 mu thi gian ct 1 bn vi, kt qu nh sau
Thi gian thc hin ca cng nhn
STT
(pht)
1 37.8
2 32.5
3 35.5
4 38
5 34.3
6 33.8
7 34.35

1 + 2 ++
Tr trung bnh: = = 35.17 (pht)

(1 )2 ++( )2
lch chun: = = 2.06 (pht)
1

Ap dng cng thc tnh s ln cn quan st:

2
N = ( ) = 8.1 Cn ly 9 mu, nhm phi ly thm 2 mu.

Thi gian thc hin ca cng nhn ct vng trong 9 ln o:
Thi gian thc hin ca cng nhn
STT
(pht)
1 37.8
2 32.5
3 35.5
4 38
5 34.3
6 33.8
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 7 34.35
8 36.5
9 37

1 + 2 ++
Tr trung bnh: = = 35.52 (pht) Cycle time ca cng on ct tay

l 35.52 pht/bn vi

Thay thn:

Do 2 ngi thc hin cng lc.

Thi gian thc hin: mi ngi cng nhn nhm o 5 mu thi gian thay thn 1
bn vi, kt qu nh sau
Thi gian thc hin ca cng nhn 1 Thi gian thc hin ca cng nhn 2
STT
(pht) (pht)
1 70 69.5
2 74.5 73.1
3 68.4 70.2
4 69.8 68.3
5 72.1 66.5

Dng s liu thu thp c tnh tr trung bnh v lch chun ta c kt qu nh

sau:

69
 Trong :

= Grand mean = 70.24 (pht)

= = = 2.27 (pht)
12

Ap dng cng thc tnh s ln cn quan st:

2
N = () = 3.39 Cn ly 4 mu.

Trong 70.24 pht, 2 ngi cng nhn lm song song th se thay thn c 2 bn vi.
Vy cycle time ca cng on thay thn l 35.12 pht/bn vi.

anh s:

Do 2 ngi thc hin cng lc.

Thi gian thc hin: mi ngi cng nhn nhm o 5 mu thi gian nh s 1 bn
vi, kt qu nh sau
Thi gian thc hin ca cng nhn 1 Thi gian thc hin ca cng nhn 2
STT
(pht) (pht)
1 41.25 43
2 40.5 38.5
3 37.6 37
4 43.1 36.5
5 42 41.87

70
 Dng s liu thu thp c tnh tr trung bnh v lch chun ta c kt qu nh
sau:

Trong :

= Grand mean = 40.132 (pht)

= = = 2.38 (pht)
12

Ap dng cng thc tnh s ln cn quan st:

2
N = ( ) = 7.24 Cn ly 8 mu.

Trong 40.132 pht, 2 ngi cng nhn lm song song th se thay thn c 2 bn vi.
Vy cycle time ca cng on thay thn l 20.066 pht/bn vi.

i mi

S lng nhn cng: 8 cng nhn

S trm: 8 trm (4 trm i mng st, 8 trm i c), mi trm 1 cng nhn, thc hin song
song

i mng st: gm 4 ngi cng nhn, mt chu k lm 2 chi tit, mi ngi cng nhn
nhm o 5 mu thi gian i 2 mng st, kt qu nh sau:

71
 CN1 CN2 CN3 CN4
STT
(giy) (giy) (giy) (giy)

1 17.8 16.4 16.5 17.6

2 16.9 16.1 18.4 18

3 17 17 17 18.6

4 16.4 14.5 16.8 16.4

5 17.4 17.8 17.1 16

Dng s liu thu thp c tnh tr trung bnh v lch chun ta c kt qu nh

sau:

Trong :

= Grand mean = 16.98 (giy)

= = = 0.91 (giy)
30

Ap dng cng thc tnh s ln cn quan st:

2
N = ( ) = 5.03 Cn ly 6 mu.

Thi gian i 2 mng st trung bnh l 16.98 giy.
Mi bn vi gm 150 lp, mi lp c th lm ra 4 chic o s mi v mi o s mi c 2
mng st. Vy thi gian 4 cng nhn i ht s mng st ca 1 bn vi l:
1504
T = 16.98 = 42.45 (pht) Vy cycle time ca cng on i mng st l
460
42.45 pht/bn vi.

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 i c: gm 4 cng nhn, mt chu k lm 2 chi tit, mi ngi cng nhn nhm o
15 mu thi gian i 2 chi tit c, kt qu nh sau

STT CN1 (giy) CN2 (giy) CN3 (giy) CN4 (giy)

1 23 17.6 19.4 19.5

2 19.5 18.5 18.5 20.6
3 21.3 20.3 20.7 20.4
4 18.7 19.5 21.1 19.5
5 20.4 17 19.5 18.4

Dng s liu thu thp c tnh tr trung bnh v lch chun ta c kt qu nh

sau

Trong :

= Grand mean = 19.67 (giy)

= = = 1.34 (giy)
20

Ap dng cng thc tnh s ln cn quan st:

2
N = ( ) = 8.1 Cn ly 9 mu.

Thi gian i 2 c trung bnh l 19.67 giy.
Mi bn vi gm 150 lp, mi lp c th lm ra 4 chic o s mi v mi o s mi c 2
chi tit c c lm song song. Vy thi gian 2 cng nhn i ht s c ca 1 bn vi
l:

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 1504
T = 19.67 = 49.175 (pht) Vy cycle time ca cng on i c l 49.175
460
pht/bn vi.

Th keo

S lng nhn cng: 1 cng nhn

S trm: 1 trm
Miu t cng vic: cng nhn th mt ln 24 chi tit theo 3 hng ln my th keo, sau
i qua u bn kia my bt hng. Lp li thao tc trn cho ti khi ht 1200 chi tit
mng st v 600 chi tit c.
Nhm tin hnh ly 30 mu thi gian cng nhn th v bt 24 chi tit, kt qu nh sau:
STT Thi gian thc hin 24 chi tit (giy)
1 31.6 35.5 27.4
2 33.7 31.9 32.3
3 32.2 27.9 28
4 31.8 32.8 32.7
5 31 32.2 28.9
6 30.9 27.3 33
7 33.1 29 32.4
8 31.4 25.4 32.3
9 27.9 32.7 31.8
10 31.1 33.7 28.5

1 + 2 ++
Tr trung bnh: = = 31.01 (giy)

(1 )2 ++( )2
lch chun: = = 2.37 (giy)
1

Ap dng cng thc tnh s ln cn quan st:

2
N = ( ) = 8.9 Cn ly 9 mu.

Thi gian th keo 24 chi tit trung bnh l 31.01 giy.
Vy thi gian ngi cng nhn i th keo ht 1200 mng st v 600 c ca 1 bn vi
l:

1800
T = 31.01 = 38.76 (pht) Vy cycle time ca cng on th keo l
2460
38.76 pht/bn vi.

74
PH LC C: PHNG PHP MTM-1
1. inh ngha MTM 1
MTM-1: Phng php o thi gian c th c nh ngha nh l mt quy trnh trong
phn tch bt k hot ng bng tay hoc phng php vo cc chuyn ng c bn cn thit
thc hin n, v gn cho mi chuyn ng mt tiu chun thi gian nh trc c xc
nh bi tnh cht ca chuyn ng v cc iu kin theo c thc hin.

2. ng dung, u im, nhc im ca MTM-1

ng dng ca MTM-1:
Sn xut hng lot vi s lng ln
M hnh hn ch a dng
Dng chy chu trnh ngn
iu kin c bn xc nh chnh xc
Nhn vin c o to trnh cao
Cc my trm vi mt thit k chi tit c nh hng
u im:
C kh nng xc nh qu trnh iu hnh v thi gian thc hin mt cch r rng trong
giai on lp k hoch ca h thng .
Thi gian o to c th gim k t khi ngi lao ng c o to trc khi c th thc
hin quy trnh cng vic mi.

75
 C th thit k h thng lm vic c mc tiu nh hng
Gi tr thi gian MTM c da trn mt tiu chun hiu sut 100%. Mt nh gi mc
hot ng nh REFA -ng h bm gii l khng cn thit.
M ha ca cc yu t chuyn ng
Nhc im:
Vic thc hin MTM c gii hn trong nhim v vn hnh bng tay.
3. Ni dung chi tit ca MTM-1
MTM-1 l h thng chi tit nht.Chuyn ng c chia thnh 10 loi :
1. Reach
2. Grasp
3. Move
4. Position
5. Release
6. Turn
7. ApplyPressure
8. Disengage
9. Body(leg-foot, horizontal, and vertical) motions
10. Eye motions

Thi gian cho mi thnh phn c tnh bng n v TMU.

TMUs = Thi gian n v o lng
1TMU = 0,000010 gi = 0,00060 pht = 0,036 s
Hoc, ngc li
1s = 27.78 TMU
1pht = 1667 TMU
1gi = 100.000 TMU
76
 a) Reach ( Tip cn)

Tip cn l khi bn tay hoc ngn tay c di chuyn n mt a im. Tip cn thng
l mt chuyn ng vi mt tay trng hoc ngn tay. Thi gian thc hin mt tip cn ph
thuc vo cc yu t sau:
1 - iu kin (bn cht ca im n)
2 - Chiu di ca chuyn ng
3 - Loi tip cn.
Thi gian thc hin mt Tip cn b nh hng bi bn cht ca i tng hng ti
m Reach c thc hin. C nm lp Reach (A, B, C, D, v E). Sau y l mt m t v cc
nm lp:
A: Tip cn i tng v tr c nh hoc i tng trn tay khc.
B: Tip cn i tng duy nht v tr .
C: Tip cn i tng c xp ln xn vi i tng khc trong 1 nhm tm
kim v chn ra.
D: Tip cn mt i tng rt nh yu cu chnh xc.
E:Tip cn i tng v tr khng xc nh.

77
 b) Grasp (Nm)

"Nm" (G) l chuyn ng c bn c thc hin gi cho mt hoc mt s mt

hng kim tra vi cc ngn tay hoc bn tay, chuyn ng c bn sau c th c thc hin.
G1A: Bt k i tng m d dng nm bt.
G1B: i tng rt nh hon nm st vi 1 b mt phng.
G1C1,G1C2,G1C3: Nm cht pha di v 1 bn ca i tng hnh tr.
G2 : Thay i nm bt m khng xa b iu khin.
G3 : iu khin chuyn t tay ny sang tay khc.
G4A,G4B,G4C : i tng ln xn vi i tng khc.

78
 c) Move (Di chuyn)

S khc bit gia di chuyn v tip cn l trong di chuyn bn tay hoc ngn tay ang
nm gi mt ci g . Di chuyn mc ch ch yu l vn chuyn mt i tng n mt ch
n. Thi gian di chuyn b nh hng bi chiu di ca n, bn cht ca im n, loi di
chuyn, v yu t trng lng (tnh v ng).
C ba lp di chuyn:
Lp A Di chuyn: i tng n mt tay khc hay khng dng li.
Lp B Di chuyn: i tng n v tr gn ng hoc khng xc nh.
Lp C Di chuyn: i tng n v tr chnh xc.

d) Position (t vo)

t vo l yu t c bn s dng sp xp, nh hng, v tham gia vo mt i

tng vi mt i tng khc.
1- Lp thch hp (lng lo, gn gi, v chnh xc)

79
 2- Tnh i xng (i xng, khng i xng, bn i xng)
3- D x l.

e) Release (Th ra)

Th ra l vic thi kim sot ca mt i tng bng bn tay hoc ngn tay.
C hai loi th ra:
1 Th ra bnh thng thc hin bng cch m cc ngn tay.
2- Thc hin v hon thnh ngay khi Reach bt u.

f) Turn (Xoay)

80
 g) Apply Pressure (Dng lc)

h) Disengage (Tach ri)

Tch ri ra l yu t c bn c s dng ph v lin h gia mt i tng v khc.

Thi gian cn thit cho tch ri ra b nh hng bi nhng iu sau y:
1- Lp thch hp (lng lo, gn gi, cht che)
2- D x ly (d dng v kh khn)
3- Chm sc x ly.

i) Body, Leg, and Foot Motions

Cc chuyn ng trc c chuyn ng ca bn tay v cnh tay. Chuyn ng

c th l chuyn ng ca chn-chn, chuyn ng thn ngang v chuyn ng thn thng
ng. Mt ci nhn thng qua cc bng ca c th, chn v chn chuyn ng c cng b
bi Hip hi MTM mang n cho mt li gii thch hp ly ca cc chuyn ng.

81
j) Eye motions

1-Eye focus time: thi gian cn thit tp trung mt vo mt i tng v nhn vo

n di xc nh c im phn bit nht nh trong khu vc c th c nhn thy
m khng chuyn mt.
2-Eye travel time: b nh hng bi khong cch gia cc im n v i (khong
cch vung gc t mt n ng i).

82