LAMPIRAN

A. NERACA MASSA EVAPORATOR

Tabel A.1. Neraca Massa Rate 91.4 %
Rate Input Output Vapor
91.4 % Evap. 1 Evap. 1
Laju, (kg/jam) 77885.50 58284.57
Urea, (kg/jam) 19769.41 112.57
Air, (kg/jam) 58116.09 56172.00

Tabel A.2. Neraca Massa Rate 95 %

Rate Input Output Vapor
95 % Evap. 1 Evap. 1
Laju (kg/jam) 79772.00 16478.23
Urea, (kg/jam) 57630.28 32.96
Air, (kg/jam) 22141.72 16445.28

Tabel A.3. Neraca Massa Rate 102.8 %

Rate Input Output Vapor
102.8 % Evap. 1 Evap. 1
Laju (kg/jam) 104412.00 22880.45
Urea, (kg/jam) 74239.47 45.76
Air, (kg/jam) 30172.53 22834.69

B. NERACA PANAS EVAPORATOR I

KONDISI UMPAN
Untuk rate 91.4 %
Temperatur umpan masuk (Tin1) = 89.2 oC
Laju Alir
Laju Alir Laju Alir
Tanggal Komposisi Urea
Air (Kg/h) Total (Kg/h)
Urea Air (Kg/h)
04/04/2015 0,7164 0,2836 55604,10 22011,90 77616,00
13/05/2015 0,7114 0,2886 54723,02 22199,98 76923,00
20/05/2015 0,7058 0,2942 55841,13 23276,37 79117,50
Rata Rata
55389,42 22496,08 77885,50

Asumsi : komponen NH3 dan CO2 masuk ke dalam komponen H2O,

dan komponen biuret masuk ke dalam komponen urea.

Entalpi (Cp dT) pada Tin1 = 77.77 kJ/kg (Table 3-2, yaws)

KONDISI ALIRAN KELUAR

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 Untuk rate 91.4 %
Temperatur keluar (Tout1) = 122.1 oC
Panas laten H2O ( US) = 944.39 Btu/lb (Appendix 7, Mc Cabe)
Komposisi Laju Alir
Laju Alir Laju Alir
Tanggal Urea
Air (Kg/h) Total (Kg/h)
Urea Air (Kg/h)
04/04/2015 0,91 0,09 55571,00 5496,03 61067,04
13/05/2015 0,91 0,09 54689,37 5408,84 60098,21
20/05/2015 0,91 0,09 55805,55 5519,23 61324,78
Rata Rata 55355,31 5474,70 60830,01

Asumsi : komponen NH3 dan CO2 masuk ke dalam komponen H2O,

dan komponen biuret masuk ke dalam komponen urea.

KONDISI STEAM KE E-401A

Steam saturated (LS)
Temperatur steam (Ts1) = 140.83 oC
= 413.83 K
Panas Laten (s1) = 2142.216 kJ/Kg (Appendix 7, Mc Cabe)
H total (Cp dT + s1) = 2142.216 kJ/kg

NERACA PANAS UREA SOLUTION

Qsensibel Urea
Q = mf. Cp dT
= 77885.50 kg/jam . 77.77 kJ/kg
= 6056877.48 kJ/hr

Qlaten H2O
Q = (mf-mL). laten
= (77885.50 kg/jam 21600.93 kg/jam). 2196.65 kJ/kg
= 123635560.12 kJ/jam

Qtotal
Qtotal = Qsensibel + Qlaten
= 6056877.48 kJ/jam + 123635560.12 kJ/jam
= 129692437.60 kJ/jam

MASSA STEAM (m)

m = Qtotal / H
= 129692437.60 kJ/jam / 2142.216 kJ/kg
= 60541.254 kg/jam

C. NERACA PANAS EVAPORATOR II

KONDISI UMPAN

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Untuk rate 91.4 %
Temperatur umpan masuk (Tin2) = 122.1 oC

Laju Alir Laju Laju Alir

Tanggal Komposisi Urea Alir Air Total
Urea Air (Kg/h) (Kg/h) (Kg/h)
04/04/2015 0,91 0,09 55571,00 5496,03 61067,04
13/05/2015 0,91 0,09 54689,37 5408,84 60098,21
20/05/2015 0,91 0,09 55805,55 5519,23 61324,78
Rata Rata
55355,31 5474,70 60830,01
Asumsi : komponen NH3 dan CO2 masuk ke dalam komponen H2O,
dan komponen biuret masuk ke dalam komponen urea.

Entalpi (Cp dT) pada Tin2 = 23.76 kJ/kg (Table 3-2, yaws)

KONDISI ALIRAN KELUAR

Untuk rate 91.4 %
Temperatur keluar (Tout2) = 132.4 oC
Panas laten H2O ( US) = 931.77 Btu/lb (Appendix 7, Mc Cabe)
Komposisi Laju Alir Laju Laju Alir
Tanggal Urea Alir Air Total
Urea Air (Kg/h) (Kg/h) (Kg/h)
04/04/2015 0,956 0.044 55565,12 2557,39 58122,51
13/05/2015 0,956 0.044 54683,58 2516,82 57200,39
20/05/2015 0,956 0.044 55799,63 2568,18 58367,82
Rata Rata 55349,44 2547,46 57896,91
Asumsi : komponen NH3 dan CO2 masuk ke dalam komponen H2O,
dan komponen biuret masuk ke dalam komponen urea.

KONDISI STEAM KE E-402

Steam saturated (LS)
Temperatur steam (Ts2) = 140.83 oC
= 413.83 K
Panas Laten (s2) = 2142.216 kJ/kg (Appendix 7, Mc Cabe)
H total (Cp dT + s2) = 2142.216 kJ/kg

NERACA PANAS UREA SOLUTION

Qsensibel Urea
Q = mf. Cp dT
= 60830.01 kg/jam . 23.76 kJ/kg
= 1445619.56 kJ/hr

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 Qlaten H2O
Q = (mf-mL). laten
= (60830.01 kg/jam 20559.37 kg/jam). 2167.297 kJ/kg
= 87277022.88 kJ/jam

Qtotal
Qtotal = Qsensibel + Qlaten
= 1445619.56 kJ/jam + 87277022.88 kJ/jam
= 88722642.43 kJ/jam

Massa Steam (m)

m = Qtotal / H
= 88722642.43 kJ/jam / 2142.216 kJ/kg
= 41416.293 kg/jam

D. SPESIFIKASI ALAT PENUKAR PANAS

1. EVAPORATOR I
SISI SHELL
Diameter luar (OD) = 48.1889 in
Diameter dalam (ID) = 47.244 in
Thickness = 0.4055 in
Passes =1
Baffle space = 62.992 in
(Mechanical Catalog vol. II-4)

SISI TUBE
Jumlah tube (N) = 1026
Diameter luar (OD) = 0.9843 in
Panjang tube (L) = 240.157 in
Thickness = 0.0591 in
Pitch (square) = 1.2598 in
Passes = 1
C = 0.2755 in
(Mechanical Catalog vol. II-4)

2. EVAPORATOR II
SISI SHELL (TANPA BAFFLE)
Diameter luar (OD) = 40.1574 in
Diameter dalam (ID) = 39.37 in
Thickness = 0.3268 in

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 Passes =1
(Mechanical Catalog vol. II-4)

SISI TUBE
Jumlah tube (N) = 312
Diameter luar (OD) = 1.5 in
Panjang tube (L) = 62.992 in
Thickness = 0.065 in
Pitch (square) = 1.8898 in
Passes = 1
C = 0.3898 in
(Mechanical Catalog vol. II-4)

E. PERHITUNGAN KOEFISIEN PERPINDAHAN PANAS (UD)

1. EVAPORATOR I
Laju perpindahan panas (Q) = 48818636.74 kJ/jam
Luas total perpindahan panas tersedia (A) = 5375.6503 ft2

Hot fluid (TH) Hot fluid (TH) Cold fluid (Tc) Cold fluid (Tc)
o
C o
F o
C o
F
146.3 295.34 temp. inlet 97 206.60
134.3 273.74 temp. outlet 133.58 272.44

LMTD = 41.1259 oF

UD = 209.3004 Btu/jam.ft2.oF

2. EVAPORATOR II
Laju perpindahan panas (Q) = 8373829.29 kJ/jam
Luas total perpindahan panas tersedia (A) = 642.8334 ft2

Hot fluid (TH) Hot fluid (TH) Cold fluid (Tc) Cold fluid (Tc)
o
C o
F o
C o
F
168 334.4 temp. inlet 133.58 272.44
152 305.6 temp. outlet 138.50 281.30

LMTD = 42.3481 oF

UD = 291.5562 Btu/jam.ft2.oF

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F. PERHITUNGAN EKONOMI EVAPORATOR
1. EVAPORATOR I
Laju uap keluar = 18316.87 kg/jam
Laju kebutuhan steam = 22433.09 kg/jam
Ekonomi evaporator = 0.8165

2. EVAPORATOR II
Laju uap keluar = 3557.33 kg/jam
Laju kebutuhan steam = 3940.17 kg/jam
Ekonomi evaporator = 0.9028

G. PERHITUNGAN FAKTOR PENGOTOR

1. EVAPORATOR I
Sisi Shell
ho = kondensasi steam (rule of thumb, D. Kern hal. 430)
= 1500 Btu/jam.ft2.oF

Sisi Tube
Laju alir umpan = 85837.5 kg/jam
= 189239.07 lb/jam
Kec. Massa dalam shell (Gt) = 43327.682 lb/jam.ft2
T rata-rata (tc) = 239.522 o
F
% berat urea umpan = 74.92 %
Massa jenis pada T rata-rata = 71.4511 lb/ft3
Velocity (v) = Gt/rho = 0.1684 ft/s
hi = 0.93 * 567.825 = 528.0772 Btu/jam.ft2.oF (FIG. 25, D. Kern)
hio = hi * Di/do = 474.2663 Btu/jam.ft2.oF
Uc = 360.3361 Btu/jam.ft2.oF
Rd = 0.002 jam.ft2.oF/Btu

2. EVAPORATOR II
Sisi Shell
ho = kondensasi steam (rule of thumb, D. Kern hal. 430)
= 1500 Btu/jam.ft2.oF

Sisi Tube
Laju alir umpan = 67520.63 kg/jam
= 148857.34 lb/jam
Kec. Massa dalam shell (Gt) = 46736.999 lb/jam.ft2
T rata-rata (tc) = 276.872 o
F
% berat urea umpan = 95 %
Massa jenis pada T rata-rata = 74.916 lb/ft3
Velocity (v) = Gt/rho = 0.1733 ft/s
hi = 0.93 * 623.85 = 530.2725 Btu/jam.ft2.oF (FIG. 25, D. Kern)
hio = hi * Di/do = 484.3156 Btu/jam.ft2.oF
Uc = 366.1078 Btu/jam.ft2.oF
Rd = 0.0007 jam.ft2.oF/Btu

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H. PERHITUNGAN PENURUNAN TEKANAN
1. EVAPORATOR I
Sisi Shell
Viskositas () = 0.0336 lb/ft.jam (FIG. 15, D. Kern hal. 825)
NRe = 27488.9031
Gs = 11208.14 lb/jam.ft2
Factor friksi (f) = 0.0016 (FIG. 29, D. Kern hal. 839)
Specific gravity (s) = 0.00211
Diameter shell (Ds) = 0.0825 ft
o = faktor koreksi viskositas fluida, asumsi = 1
N+1 = 45.75

= 0.00696 psi

Sisi Tube
Viskositas () = 6.2228 lb/ft.jam (FIG. 15, D. Kern hal. 825)
NRe = 512.9248
Gt = 38706.063 lb/jam.ft2
Factor friksi (f) = 0.00098 (FIG. 26, D. Kern hal. 836)
Specific gravity (s) = 1.1445
Diameter tube (Dt) = 0.0737 ft
i = faktor koreksi viskositas fluida, asumsi = 1
L = 20.0131 ft

= 0.00837 psi

2. EVAPORATOR II
Sisi Shell
Viskositas () = 0.0356 lb/ft.jam (FIG. 15, D. Kern hal. 825)
NRe =8477.7763
Gs = 2445.311 lb/jam.ft2
Factor friksi (f) = 0.0021 (FIG. 29, D. Kern hal. 839)
Specific gravity (s) = 0.00305
Diameter shell (Ds) = 0.1233 ft
Asumsi o = faktor koreksi viskositas fluida, asumsi = 1
N+1 = 3.15

= 0.00008 psi

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Sisi Tube
Viskositas () = 4.8270 lb/ft.jam (FIG. 15, D. Kern hal. 825)
NRe = 1105.398
Gt = 46736.999 lb/jam.ft2
Factor friksi (f) = 0.0005 (FIG. 26, D. Kern hal. 836)
Specific gravity (s) = 1.2
Diameter tube (Dt) = 0.1142 ft
i = faktor koreksi viskositas fluida, asumsi = 1
L = 20.0131 ft

= 0.00080 psi

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