Design and Evaluation of PWM Control Circuits for DC/AC

Converters using PSPICE

Oscar Montero-Hemindez, Jesus Jimtnez-Zamudio & Gabriel Gallegos-L6pez
Uiiivcrsidad dc las AmCricas-Pucbla
Department of Electrical Engineering1
A.P. 100 C.P.72820 Puebla, MCxico
e-mail: montero@udlapvms.pue.udlap.mx

Abstract- I n this work is proposed a way to
design and evaluate the control circuit stage for a
three-phase DC/AC converter. PSPICE offers the
possibility of design a n d evaluate the complete
system which includes control circuit, DC/AC
converter a n d tlie m o t o r [l]. This is very
important because it is possible to sce liow tlie
control circuit determines the performance of all
the system. In our proposal a r e included all parts
of the system, but with special emphasis in the
control circuit. I n the control circuit is possible
to e v a l u a t e s e v e r a l P W M techniques. T h e
software employed allows the evaluation of Total
Harmonic Distortion, THD, produced by each
technique, i t also allows e v a l u a t i o n s with
monopolar a n d bipolar power waveshapes, a n d
provides a good referelice for the h a r d w a r e
required for control circuit implementation. An
example is showed, in it, the isolation stage
required between control circvit and power stage
a r e included. Computational and practical results
are also presented.
I. DESCRIPTION
In this work is proposed a way to design and evaluate the
control circuit stage for a three-phase DC/AC converter,
according figure 1.
Motor
Dc
Ref -? I voltage and frequency variations in power
PSPICE offers the possibility to design and evaluate the
complete system which includes Control Circuit, DC/A C
Converter and The Motor. This is very important bccause
the performance of the Motor depends upon of quality of thc
waveshapes delivered by DC/AC Converter and the
characteristics of these wave shapes arc dctermincd by thc
Control Circuit.
The Control Circuit works as a pulse generator to drive the
power stage and some desirables characteristics of it are:
- Allows regulation of the vohage applied to thc
motor.
- Allows frequency regulation of the waveshapcs
delivered to the motor.
- Performs pulscs to obtain high qualily output
waveshapes from DC/AC Converter.
- Easy connection to other circuits to achieve a close
loop system.
Considering that the most recommcndcd tcchniqucs to
generate the pulses to drive the power stagc are PWhI
techniques or HIPWM techniques [2], lets us consider as an
example of a Control Circuit technique the following:
Lets compare a triangular waveshape against a modificd
sinusoidal waveshapes with 3rd and 9th harmonic injcction
such as:
Y(t)=l. lSSen(wt)+ 0.27 Scn (3wt) -0.029Scn(9wt)
with a frequency ratio of 18.
The way to define in PSPICE the triangular waveshape and
sinusoidal waveshapcs is bascd in voltngc sources controllcd
by voltage [3][4], this allows:
- modify the nature of waveshapes to compare the
Total Harmonic Distortion generated in each case.
- modify frequency ratio (FR) or amplitudc ratio
(AR) between the waveshapes compared to obtain
waveshapes applied to the motor.

Fig. I. Block diagram of considered system. 11. RESULTS

Figures 2 and 3 show thc signals ohtaincd from simulation

and from cxpcrimcntal circuit, i n both cascs thc FR=IX,
AR=I and the frequency of the sinusoidal was 6OHz. Also, in
' This work \vas supported by INIP of UDLA-P
352 0-7803-2091-3/94/$1.OO0 1994 IEEE
both cascs, is displaycd only onc sinusoidal of three
sinusoidalcs lrom thc thrcc-phasc systcm.

O.t./llU
(.Wf
.
.....
1Yf11f91
run:

. .
11
. . .
1.1
.1
,,
11
........ . .
",,,I

01
,,"".,I"r

......-......-......-......-......-......-......*......-......
. . . .
I.._
I..OII.lW. Y7 0
.
4 W

1w

ow

-I M

Fig. 5. Litre voltages obtairred from experirireritcil circriif.

-4 w
Figure 6 shows the Harmonic Content of the current applicd
.o.oy+
.
0..
. .vc!,,
.
I..
V(I4I
4.
.
0..
.
......-.............-......-......-......-......*......-......
0..
.
10.8
.
11..
.
l4.S-
.
, l b S 1-3
.
.
to the motor; the spectrum is obtained from cxpcrimcntal
mcasuremcnts of currcnt.
IlU
RANCEi - 2 1 dBV STAlUSo PAUSE0
6/20 A i NAG
Fig. 2. Waveshapes obtained from simulation. 100
IV.-..
----1

IO
I%-..
lO1V

0
vrn.
START*
X I 60 Hz 'I, 67.26 IVFW. rno, 8.03 x
1.. . i.. ...............z.zJ:. ................. .,. .. .I
VP-PCI).II.Z5 v vp-Pm.10.50 v F-lZl=5a.I7 tu Fig. 6. Harniotiic specrricni of one phase am-erir of iiioror.

Fig. 3. Waveshapes obtained from experimental circuit. Performance of this current is according to simulation rcsults
of proposed technique.

111ligurcs 4 and 5 , thc wavcshapcs of thc linc voltagcs applicd Thc powcr stagc was sirnulatcd as is indica[cd in I'igurc 7
to the motor obtained from simulation and experimental according the references [41[51:
circuit, are shown.

0.1.Ill" IL:
.....
IVII/IJ
"IWI
Yl:>l:w
....a-,,," I." ........
1.9..,l1, 71 0
453 4.312
(OOV?..-- ............................................................... P
I I

.QOVi......

.+...t-
-.......-......-......-......-....... ..... ...... ......4
* VI451.4SBl
....-......-......*......-......-......-......*......-.
__

c
Fig. 4. Line voltages obtained from siniitlarion. Fig. 7. Represeritafiori of rhe Inverter in PSPfCE.
353
 111. CONCLUSIONS
It can be concluded that with the presented method of design
Control Circuits:
- It is possible to evaluate different techniques of
modulation and .to see how will be the waveshapes
applied to the motor.
- It lcts obtain a good approximation lo implcmcnt
the hardware.
- It solves the isolation stage required between
control circuit and power stage.
354
REFERENCES
[l] MicroSim Corporation, "PSPICE Circuit Analysis",
1990.
PI Boost M.A. and Ziogas P.D.,"State of the Art Cnrricr
PWM Techniques: A Criticai Evaluation", IEEE (IA).
Vol. IA-24, pp. 27 1, 1988.
[31 David B5ez-L6pez, "AnAlisis de circuitos por
computadora usondo SPICE", (In Spanish) Ed.
Alfaomega, Mbxico, 1994.
[4] Ned Mohan, "Power Electronics: Computer
Simulation, Analysis, and Education Using PSPICE",
University of Minnesota, 1992.
Mohon, Undcland, Robbins. "Powcr Elcctronics:
Converters, Applications and Dcsign", Ed. John Wilcy
& Sons, New York,1989.