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bdP }sLi ysV xqsLisR=LRiLi, DRLSRVLi, gkixtsQ VVRVso, AuyR sWxqsLi, j: xRs sV. 12.05 sLRiNRPV, @sLiRLRiLi xmsLiRsV; sORPQRLi: aRPRxtsQLi LS. 10.14 sLRiNRPV, @sLiRLRiLi xmspLS*R; @sVXRNSLi: sV. 1.55 sVLiT
sVVxLRiLi 3.35 sLRiNRPV; sLRiLi: ZaP[. D. 6.38 sLRiNRPV; RVLRiVxLRiLi: D. 9.55 sVLiT 10.47 sLRiNRPV, RRVxmsLji sV. 3.07 sVLiT 3.59 sLRiNRPV; LSxNSLi: sV. 1.30 sVLiT 3.00 sLRiNRPV; RVsVgRiLiRLi: D. 6.00 sVLiT 7.30 sLRiNRPV
eC nd+;
4 bs VsT, 6 bs nd+; HsH bdsY &Cq |uT y<
eTT< d|+sY 15 T~ &CqT s< \e+> d{dsY
@ VLS , AL R xm : syLiR LSys @sVLSs[
sLjiLiRsVs @|qsLid, \|N][LRiV sy T\sNRPV xmsVR*Li AsWR
sVVRs[zqsLij. LiRsNRPV Lijs yLRisFxqsL`i= LRiWF~LijLis
T\sNRPV sVVsVL RLiRV gkis zqsgRi ByLRiV. ygS
yLRisFxqsL`i= LRiWF~LijLis T\s xmsNSLRiLi @|qsLid ss xqssVV
yRVLi sNSLRiLi[, \|N][LRiV sLi xqsWFyNSLRiLi[ DLi[
nH=dTH&
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@ VLS , AL R xm :
\sFsry=L`i NSLilgiqs FyLki {mssLki[
Bs ygSy\|ms AFyLki @RORPVRV
\sFsqs gRissWxs lLiT VRyLRiLi
* P[aSLRiV. dsV N][xqsLi y ]sVj
ygSyV "@s sxqsVyRV c ss
LRiyV xqsVyRV' @s y Fy
s ARVs CxqsLiRLRiLigS zmsVxmso
syLRiV. {mssLki[ sWTs dsT
WsV gRis * P[aSLRiV. NSgS
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sVLi N][xqsLi ysVV P[xms[[V xmsR
NS gRiVLjiLi {mssLki s[jNRPgS gRis
@xqsVyRV @LiW ]sVj
xmsRNSsV zmss xqsLigRi sjRs[V. ARVs FyyLRiV. xmsV IxmsLiyV NRPVRVLRiVNRPVyLRiV. @sLi
Cs[xmsRLi[s[ @jNSLRi VgRiV
[aRPLi FyLki gRis FyRRWR, ARVs
xmsNRPLis 9 xmsRNS\|mss dsVTRW
[ yT FyLRiLiLis s[xmsRLi[
gRis *NRPV FyysR GLRiTLij.
sVVLigS rxtsQ dsVTRW[ gRis
* x R P[rLij.
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dbs+ VsT
sRLigS sLjiLiRsVyLRiV. 4.50ORPQ RRLRixmso @RVgRiV s{qsLRiLi[
@|qsLid sLSLi, 6ORPQ RRLRixmso s{qsLRiLi[ \|N][LRiV sLjiLiP[
yLRisFxqsL`i= T\ssV RRWLRiV P[zqsLij. ALRiV @LiRxqsV[ @|qsLid,
yVgRiV @LiRxqsV[ \|N][LRiVsV sLjiLiRsVyLRiV. \|N][LRiVNRPV xqsLiLi
jLi g_Li` FnL`i[ LjiryLRiV, BRLRi xmsLjiFyy ssLS
NSLSRWV, sVVR FnL`i[ \ Lki,
@ VLS , AL R xm : @sVLSs[ Fs[ @sNSaSV
yRVs xmsLRixqsLRi F~Li[LiRVNRPV @sVLSs[ LkigS |msV
RVV |mss sVVsVLi yLS RLiRVyRVVRV szms AR*LRiLi szLiyLRiV. C xqsLiRLRiLigS sVVsVLi xmsxqsLigjixqsW
P[aSLRiV. Fys ryLiZNP[NRP xmsLjisLi, A [aRP RaRPVj @sVLSss
xmsgRi xmsRLi[ RWxqsVZNP[ P[xqsVLiRs @FyRVxmsyLRiV. sRV
yR[ VRyLRiLi Fys XLiRLi][ Ljigjis ^*FyOTPQNRP RLRi[
400 ms\ ]sT\T sTesT s]+q n~sT\T
eTs =$T~ eT+~| dT\T $XK d{ 1,112 |s<T\T
bdt d& VdsY X+sse
aS xm L , ZN F F WL][: saS[
sVgRiVRWzqss W RLiyV zqs syLRi][ IN]
NRPgS RVxmsRVRVyLiVV. sgRij LRiWLRi
sVLiRLi xmsLjij[s sVRVLRiyR, N]sWj gSsW
[ 274 FsNRPLS xmsVR* WsV LjiNSLRiVV Lixms
LjiLig`i LjigjisV NRPNRPL`i xmsdsNRPVsWL`i gRiRLi[
xmsNRPLiyLRiV. @LiVV[ xmsVR*Li sRVsVLis zqs
@jNSLRiVV jRV sVLi zmnsLSRVV {qs*NRPLjixqsVLi
RRLi][ NRPs[V{ms jRV xqsLi |msLRiVgRiVRW sxqsVLi
. Published from: Vijayawada | Kurnool | Hyderabad | Guntur | Rajahmundry | Visakhapatnam | Tirupati | Karimnagar | Suryapet | Anantapur | Nellore | Nizamabad
&> #T b\+f... |+Cu <s+! yT<dT\qT
V]dTq e< <y\T jTTe #q\| |qT
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|+Cu n\+ sjT \+> jT+D
n<jTq+ eT+ |*\T n sc\L
nqTdsDjT+ eT<+|H |qs#q #j*
RVVsRsV sLki*LRiLi P[xqsVs sWRNRPRy sRVLiRNRPV xmsVy*V RORPQLi ( WT d , AL R xm xm [NR xm j )
[RVgS @RRVsLi P[RW=s AsaRPNRPR FsLi\y DLij. G\y xmnsVs sVgRiV xmsxmsLiRLi[s[ sVlLi[ [aSsNTP [s RVVsaRPNTP LRi` r~LiRLi. C
RVVsaRPZNP[ sxtsQ`[ LRi` xmsxmsLiys GgRilgi[ rysVLRiLi
RWzqssxmsVRV sWRs[V xqsLijxqsVs xmsVy*V yyNRP RLRisV xmsNRPLi NRPxqsVLiRs C [aRPLi][ FyV s[bdPRVVV NRPWy saRP*zqsxqsVyLRiV.
P[RVV RVVxmsoNRPVLiVyLiVV. Rg`i= DRV[ NRPVNRPVs xmsLi LSxtsQLi C [aRP RVVsR\|ms RRLiRVV, FyNRPV[ NSRV.. [aRPLi[s xms
sRVLiRsV LSNUPRV ORPQLigS P[xqsVNRPVs xmsV @RRVyV Ljizms @sVV P[zqsLij. INRPLRiV Fs[ AaRPV |msVNRPVyLRiV. sLRiys dLjijRgRilgi[
xmnsRLigS BxmsVRNRPT RVVsR A xmssLi sVLi ssVjgS RVxmsRV][Lij. aRPNTPsVLiRVV dslLi[ss @ztsQxqsVyLRiV. BxmsZNP[ C [aRPRVVsR
RsV rysVLSs xmsxmsLiR yxmsLigS LRiVso P[xqsVNRPVLij. s[V][
@s[NSs[NRP @LiaS\|ms @RRVy }msLRiV][ s[bdP xmsLRisV LRiVxmsoRVs xqsLiLijR xqsLixms[ RsVNRPV LRiVgRiV[Rs RLiNS LiVVLiLij. BRLiy
@jNSLRiVV, xmsxmssRVV C sxtsQRVLi[ xmsLisV xqsLiRLji+Li GsRLigS ysNTP J \sxmso.. sVL][ \sxmso C [aRP RVVsR sVRV[ [gRiV][Lij.
8e |J... sRVLiRgRigjiLik @RRVsLi P[}qs sVLiRs rysWNRP sxmsoV @FyRVLi. sWRNRPRy Ljis xmsRV][Lij. @RLiR 3e |J...
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bd gR L` /d L g` : @sVL`iy` RWNRPV\|ms yTNTP FyTs [ sVVxtsQLRiVV, Ry R sVR dNRPLRi NSV[
RLRiLi Fys, Gzms xqsLiRVVNRP xmsNRPs sRVR P[aSLiVV. Fys sVVxtsQLRiVsV LRiR \|qssLi VRyLRiLi sVVgRiVLjis xRsW sVVgRiVLRiV DgRiyRVsV \|qssNRPVV xRsWLSLRiV. yLji sVLi |msR
XLiysNTP Fys FsNRPssVN`P [` BLiR{qsqs sVLi WxqsVZNP NSgji LjiLij. DgRiyRVsV GLjis[}qsLiRVNRPV rysNRP FdxqsV RVLiyLigRiLi, FsRVs ARVVyV, }msVRV xmsyLSsV ry*ksLi P[xqsVNRPVyLRiV.
BRLRi Ry gS][ BLiTRVs ALki sVVsVLR RLRiV P[xms sVgjis DgRiyRV N][xqsLi Ry gSV gSLixmso RLRisV
zqsLigRixmspL`i RLS*R FsNRPVs ryLRiV xmsLRiLiLij Fys[s[ @y Lij. @LiVV[ yRVV Ljigjiy.. Li Li [[ @LiW NRPsLi sVVsVLRiLi P[aSLiVV. [aSs DNTPLjiNTPLji P[zqss @sVL`iy` RW
LRiV. LRiR[aRPLi NRPWy sXjlLi[V[ xmsoL][gRi ryjxqsVLiRs, ALiR [ aRPLiNRPLRiVT LiRNRPV P[LRirygSLRiV. kLi][ NRPV xqsLi sVLjiLiR NRPV\|ms yTs, BLiTRVs ALki xmsuyRNRPLigS dxqsVNRPVLij. C
xms[a`P xmsxqsVRLi lLiLiRLiZNP sXjs ssWRV P[xqsVLiRs FyLRiV. |msLjigjisLiRVs, Ry gSV sVLjiLiR LRiORPQ RLRiV NRPxqsV yTNTP spxLi LRiLis @W BryLiVV FyNTPrys DgRiyRs
kss 15 aSysNTP dxqsVZNPs[[ 8e |J... yLiVV. sVW NRPbdPL`i[ Lki FssN_LiL`i LjigjiLij. VysV NRPbdPL`i xmsys FdxqsV NRPsVxtsQsL`i 8e |J...
VdsY
X+sse 30q
@| d{
22 qT+ yud{ V
{T shy|+>
43,023 <sUdT\T
s+> sV +|dt <T f\J \Te<+ |<\ neT\T| s+s
@jT ymdt #q\sY
y~\T \_<sT\ HsT> d+|~+|\T deTd\ ds
.H>Xsse |]cs+ >MTD jTTeT\ bV+
j. B[ xqssVRVLi[ W RLiy xqsLi @jNRPsVso aS F R VZN [xt , ZN F F : LSxts @ VLS , AL R xm : LSxtsQ xmsVR*Li sWLRiVRVsRVs AL][xms s[xmsRLi[ sVV
RVLij. VRyLRiLi yNTP zqsNRPV @Lijs zmnsLSRVV ryLiVV[ sLRi*zLiP[ LSxtsQ @L>RiR xmsLkiORPQ @sVV P[xqsVs xmsRNS dLRiV\|ms sLRiLiRLRi sxmnsW sVLi xms[NRP RXztsQ ryLjiLiyLRiV. xmnsRLigS s[LRiVgS
1112 NSgS, VRyLRiLi INRPL][[ 173 zmnsLSRVV (G{ms|qs ) sV C s 30 s [ks sLRi*zLiR ssxqs GLS\Lij. s[LRiVgS yLRiV LiRZNP[ s yLRiV LiRNRPV s BLiRVsV VxqsVNRPVs[Li
@LiRRLi gRisVyL>RiLi. Cs 15 sLRiNRPV sWRs[V sVyLRiV. xmsLkiORPQNRPV xqsLiLijLis xmsRNS @sVV dLRiV ZOP[QRryLiVV[ FsRVL_RVs RVNRPV xqsRsNSaRPLi GLRiTLij. sVVsVLi NS
zmnsLSRVV {qs*NRPLjirysVs BxmsZNP[ @jNSLRiVV ZNPsV C s 22 sVLi s \|qs [ _s @yLiRLS\|ms FsxmsNRPxmsoRV xqssWyLRi }qsNRPLRi s ssWgjiLiRszqsLijgS A[bPLis s[xmsRLi
xqsxtsQLi P[RVRLi LjigjiLij. kLi][ zqs NSLSRVLi [` P[xqsVN][sRVss GRVW ds{qs AyLRi . N][xqsLi xmsVR*Li NSs ssWgjiLiRVN][sRLi [ xqssWLiRLRi sxmnsW ssxqs RLRi[ BLilLi
RVW jRVV NRPW NRPRVRVyLRiV. gRiRLi[ 274 ylgi[aRP*LRiLSso sTLiyLRiV. VRyLRiLi [ sVVLiRVLij. N][j LRiWFyRVV sLi ryjsV LRiLigRiLi[NTP jLiyLRiV. F~RVxmso xqsLixmnsW
FsNRPLSV][ FyV N]sWj[ sVL][ 53.15 FsNRPLS DRRVLi GRVW |qss[ sVLijLRiLi[ {s sLS N][xqsLi, yLjiR lLi[NRPV jgRiVss Ds yLji [ NRPdsxqs RRVso Ds 18 sVLi 35 xqsLisR=LS
WsVV LjiNSLRiVV 8e |J... GLSV P[zqss 8e |J... N][xqsLi @sVVP[xqsVs xmsRNSV sxtsQWsLigS sVR RVVsRVsV 8e |J...
 2 $jTy& >TsTys+ 13 E 2017

\T>T sc $X $<\j\ @sT| RVVryV si[NRPL` PPdV ByLRiV.

+<eT+T\ deyX+
$<d+d |<H+X+> eT+ >+{ & |sq
WT d , AL R xm : VgRPV LSuy[ Fyyy
NRPVLi[ aR*yRW GLSsVNRPV RV N]LRR
[NRPVLiy RiWryV W LRiV aSVLi xmNSt
si[NRPL` PPdV BssV ZNi[LiR xmsXj aS
VLi LiNRPRV yRVVRsV TsLiyLRiV. Tsd aSzqs
[ LiNRPRV yRVVRsV NSLSRVLi[ si[NR-
PL`][ ZNi[LiR VLi xqsVsy _RLj, G{m LSxt W
LRiV aS VLi gRsLi bdPyqs, VLiR* aSs
NSLRRLRiV+V, FVd= xmRWo ZNi[aR P[s @RWLRiV.
G{m[ aR*yRW GLSsV xmoL][gRs\|m
RLjLiyLRiV. sRVgRsLRLi[ gjsLjs aR*yRVLi,
@LiRxmoLRLi[ |qsLis RVWLj=s yyNRP
y[ FyLRLiLiP[LiRVNRPV ALiRxmi[a` xmVR*Li
]LR RiWFy si[NRPL` @yLRiV. ysNTP xqsLiLijLis @
LRNS @VVRVV dxqsVNRPV ZNi[[ V |mRsyV ARV
PPdV ByLRiV. R*LjRgRs aR*yRW y
LS N][xqsLi {qs{msRWU @jNSLRiV][ ARV WyLRiV.
LRiVxm HHsNTP ZNi[LiRLi VWRsV P[ N][sV VLiiLRiV P[zqsLiR
si[NRPL` VLiRVNRPV FyLRiV. 2024 NRP LRiVxm HHs xmpLj
P[RW ORLigS |msVNRPVsV yLjNTP LjLiyLRiV.
yi[xmgRPWsLi NRPV lLLiRsV yLS[ xmpLj ryLiVV \slLNRPL`V
LigS[W yxqsLixqs GLSsV @mHjT CrjT ksTT n<{ b{\T
LigS[W aR*yRW GLSsV \|my C
xqsWP[aRLi[ RLR sLjgjsLij. LigS[ gjsLjs
b*yRW R*LRgS GLSsV P[RVyNTP ZNi[LiRLi
b{\ ysTT eT+~ s eT+ =\T sM+<
xmRVrLiR xmNSa` si[NRPL` TsLiyLRiV. BLiRVNRPV gR VL WLR V, GF R VWNSL xm q :
xqsLiLijLis xt` xmNRP LRiWF~LijLis xmNS RLigS syLiR[ ]ryLjigS dRV ryLiVV
VVLiRVNRPV ZNi[LiR xmVR*Li xqsVsV VLiRVNRPV @N`P NUPy FsV sLRi*zxqsVsV
FyLRiV. @Xj, aSxqs xqsV |mLixmoV @RsVN][Rsi[V Gzms NUPyaSsVLi N]V LRidsLiR s
NSLilgsqs xmgS |msVNRPVLiR xqsWP[aRLi @LiRLRLi TLiyLRiV. AyLRi ygSLRiVs saRP*sy
[NRPLRiV xqsWP[aRLi[ LiNRPRV yRVVRsV Fi[y P[aSLRiV. RVLi[ VRyLRiLi ARVs s[NRPLRi][
ALiRxmi[a` RLjR[ LjNSLRiV ryLiVV[ xmLjaRVV, y sWRVRW C FV Cs 15sVLi
xqsLixqsV, xmVR* xqsLixqsV RV xmVR* x#PPRWLi[ 18sLRiNRPV AyLRi ygSLRiVs saRP* sy
VLiiLRRWRV sxmoN]yLRiV. WsNRP LS RVLi NUPy FyLigRiLi[ sLRi*zLiP[Li
xmoLj*s RsLi[ D @LiaRi[V @ ARV, C RVNRPV |msR FsRVs GLSV P[xqsVysV
PPLRLi\|m NSLilgsqs @xqsLR VLR+V P[rLiR yLRiV. Gzms @N`P xqsLixmnsVLi, Gzms NUPy
RVRVLRiV. FyjNSLRi xqsLixqsV xqsLiRVVNRPLigS LRiR
lLLiRsV L][iV Tsd[ gRsLi VNSLi @N`P xqssW AR*LRiLi[ C FV LRiVgRiVRVy ryRVLiRLi saRP*syRVLi xmsLjixqsLRi FyLiy[ Lki
aR*yRW GLSsV xmyyLiaRLigS VLi RVs FyLRiV. C FNRPV [aRPLi[s 32 LSuyV, ZNP[LiR sL<RiLi xmsRLi][ sVLi N]V P[RV dsVRVgS saRP*sy
gRsLi bdPyxqsLSo lLLiRsV L][i Tsd xmLRs P[xmLRiV. FyR FyLiy sVLi sLiVV sVLij @=, 200 RVLi NUPy FyLigRiLi[ sWRsLigS sLSLi gSsLi
BLiRV[ gRsLigS ARV xqsVsy_RLj][ xqsPP sVLij @{mnsztsQRV= LSsVyLRis ssLjiLiyLRiV. N]j L][ s zqsLiRN`P N`P xmsLjixqsLRi FyLiy[ N]RgS GLSV
VLigRsyLRLi LiNRPRV yRVVs NRPzqs yxqsLixqs NTPRLi ITry=[ Ljigjis GztsQRVs @N`P yLizmsRVs P[zqss xms` \ FyLRiLi NSLRiNRPsWs Cs 14s [kNTP
GLSsVNRPV ]LR RiWFy N][LSLRiV. VLiRV szm i[VLRNRPV C ztsQms[ xmsRNRPLi ryjLi s s[R @= NRPWy C FNRPV yLiVVy s[RVLi LjigjiLij. C xqssWs[aRPLi[ F~sWLRiV
PPLRLi[ [NRPLi P[xqsVNRPV LiNRPRV xmNSt si[NRPL`][ sP[ @sNSaRPLi DLiRs FyLRiV. F sLRi*xsV xms aSxqssxqsVV RWFy slLi[LiR, GFssRVW DxmsNRPV
xm[NRP P[s GLSsV P[zqs RVWLj=s @LiaRLi\|m L][ry P[ uyRNRPLigS dxqsVNRPVysVs, NUPyNSLRiVV, @jNSLRiVNRPV xms AyLRi G LS[LiR xmsry`, yRWsV sR \lLiNRPL`i
P[aSLRiV. xms[NRP GLSV P[xqsVysVs FyLRiV. VRyLRiLi AyLRi NTPuL`i RjRLRiVV FyyLRiV.

ysTT{+> &md\ bd+>

&| n_e~ T& H+ @ VLS , AL R xm :LSxtsLi[s sLiVVLig`i UFs{qsNRPV FzqsLig`i BxqsW
U{ms sLiRWLji ryLibPsLSso DRLRiV*V Lki P[aSLRiV. sVLigRiyLRiLi
sRVyR[s U{ms NSLixmso NSLSRVLi[ Ljigjis FdxqsV FsrytsQsVLi
eT+ Hs wt $d |sq
N]RsWR N`PyLi xmssVsV DFyj dsV xmsRNRPLi NTPLiR P[xm- xms gSsVLi P[LRiVN]s @NRPR [LRiV dxqsVNRPVs sLRiRVLi s[VLRiNRPV dsLjiNTP FzqsLig`iV BsV A DRLRiV*[
ss xmsLi xqsLiss, sLji NRPLiFxqsV xmssVsV xmsLjibdPLi sLRi*zLis zLRiLigRi xqssWs[aRPLi ARVs sTLiyLRiV. FzqsLig`i F~Lijs UFs{qs ssLSV B DyLiVV.
eT&T jesZ n_e~ |qT\ NRPWd][ sVVsVV RLjiLiyLRiV. NRPsVxmsoLRiLi[ yRV [ Fyy LRiV. AjlLiTxm [ NRPXztsQ s.sLi. @jNSLji }msLRiV xmsxqsVRLi FzqsLig`i
NRPVV, NSLRiNRPLRiV xqsWL`i LSd][xmnsVs ry*gRiRLi xmsNSLRiV. ss ZNP[Li RLi, {qs{qsL][RV, ALkiFsmns 1. FsLi.sVxW uy sLiVVLig`i ss= FssFnL`i=sVLi
X+k|q\T, bs+uy\T @NRPR yLRiV][ sLRi*zLis zLRiLigRi xqssWs[aRPLi[ L][RV F~TgjiLixmso xmssVV, d{qs xqsLiZOP[QsV 2. \s.s.LRisV NRPVsWL`i sLiVVLig`i LSsVLiT zmnsN`P
xmsxqsLigjixqsW sWNRPsLRi BsyL`i xmsoy sLRizqsLilLiT gRiVLRiVNRPV FyhRiaS ss sLS 3. FsLi.NRPXxtsQsVWLji yRVVRVsLiVVLig`i bdPNSNRPVLi Fs{qs
NR R xm , ZN F F WL][: sVVsVVRryLjigS sVLi x[y[ NRPRxms 4. Fs.[sysLi sLiVVLig`i ss= FssFnL`i=sVLi
xmsLRisNRPV sP[zqss xmsLiyRVdLS aSsVLi yLS [ZNP[tsQ lLiLi][L][ NRPWy sWNRPsLRi @sXjNTP NRPXztsQ P[xqsVyLRiyLRiV. @NRPR xmssVNRPV aRPLi NRPVryxmss P[aSLRiV. 2,200
yLRiVNRPV NRPVV xmsLizms P[aSLRiV. @lgi[ \lLiRVNRPV NRPLRisV gRiXx sLS xmssVNRPV NRPWy aRPLiNRPV 5. ZNP.LRiVsVLSso sLiVVLig`i sRVsgRiLRiLi
VRyLRiLi [ sxqsXRLigS xmsLRiLiyLRiV. NRPRxms, NRPsVxmsoLRiLi, \sVRVNRPWLRiV H][ RVs
sWNRPsLS[ xmsLRiLi @s[NRP @sXj NSLRiNRPsWNRPV aRPLiNRPVryxmssV, @LiR[aSLRiV. @Li[gSNRP LRiW.67ORPQ sVsgRi yLRiV d ryxmss P[aSLRiV. C NSLRiNRPsVLi[
L][RNRPV, LRiW.1.22N][ sVsgRi HRV sVLi ds xmsRNS][ ssryRV aSsVLi rsVlLiT 6. .rs[VaRP*LRiLSso sLiVVLig`i {ms{qsFsqs @Li` Fsqs
FyLRiLi[R=yV P[xmsLRiV. sVVR DRRVLi NRPRxms sgRiLRi xqsdsVxmsLi[ Ds 7. .ALis[RVVV sLiVVLig`i sWLRiV
@LisxmsNRPV P[LRiVN]s sVLids xmsRNSsV FyLRiLiLiyLRiV. @NRPR sVLi FyV @s[NRP @sXj xmssVNRPV aRPLiNRPVryxmss P[aSLRiV. @lgi[ RLiRsWxs lLiT, LSxqs xqsV
403sVLij yLRiVNRPV gRiXx sLS sVLiLRiV [sV, RV {qsFsLi LRis[VtsQ, \sVRVNRPWLRiV sW 8. zqs|`.FyFyLSso sLiVVLig`i gRiVLiWLRiV zmnsN`P
sWLRiV sVLiRLi g][WLRiV gSsVLi P[LRiVN]s LiNRP sLiNRP N`PyLi xmssVsV 9. .sV[aRP*LRiLSso sLiVVLig`i U{qs bdPNSNRPVLi
xmsLjibdPLiyLRiV. @lgi[ g][WLRiV LRiVso sR LRiVsoNRP [}msRLi, xmspTNRPdR 100sVLij \lLiRVNRPV G{msFsLi sVLiLRiV [V xmsLizms P[aSLRiV. NRPsLRi BsyL`i xmso xqsVyNRPL`i
@sLiRLRiLi @FyLSsoxms P[LRiVN]s FsLRisLiNRP[ ds FyLRiVR @sXj RWRs, NRPNRPL`i VLSso yRVVRV, [{qs ZaP[*R sdRV, gSdsVaS 10. .sVRVxqsWRyyLji sLiVVLig`i ILig][V {ms{qs
xmssVsV xmsLjibdPLiyLRiV. @Li[gSNRP R|ms xqsdsVxmsLi[ LRiVgRiVRVs LRiVso 11. zms.rsVZaP[L`i sLiVVLig`i LSsVLiT Fs{qs=,
xmssVsV xmsLjibdPLiyLRiV. \|msT NSVs gSsVLi LigRiLixms ygRiV\|ms sLjiLis xmssVsV xmsLjibdPLiyLRiV. \sVRVNRPWLRiV sVLiRLi ss|msLi xqsdsVxmsLi[s AjlLiT NRPsVxtsQsL`i LSsWLis[RVVV, RjRLRiVV FyyLRiV.
Fs{qs |qsc2
12. .sWxsLSso bdPNSNRPVLi Fs{qs FdxqsV |`
>MTD b+ 470 nH msTT&& &^ J\ H{dT\T NS*LRiL`i=

48,058 eT+psT = sT\ nqTeT ssD

>eTdu \_<sT\ m+|
@ VLS , AL R xm : LSxtsQLi[s gSdsV FyLiy[ B sLSLi[
xmsVR*Li sVL][ sVVLiRRVgRiV s[zqsLij. gSdsV FyLiy[s FsdsAL`i LRiWLRi
xzqsLig`iNRPV 48,058 B sVLiLRiV P[xqsVsV VRyLRiLi xmsVR*Li [ sLi
L`i 58 sV Lki P[zqsLij. RVWs NSqs LRiW.2 ORPQVNSgS @LiRV[ 60 aSRLi ZNP[LiR
xmsVR*Li, 40 aSRLi LSxtsQ xmsVR*Li LjiLiRsVyLiVV. gSsVxqs[ FsLizms\ZNPy
yLRiVNRPV BV sVLiLRiV P[RVsVyLRiV. B sLSLi 275 sVLi 500 RR
LRixmso @RVgRiV[xmso sLSLi P[xms[ yLjiNTP FsdsAL`i xzqsLig`i {qssV sLjiLiRsVLi
j. FsdsAL`i xzqsLig` xmsRNRPLi NTPLiR INRP BLi sLSsNTP ZNP[LiR xmsVR*Li RLRiVxmsos
72 s[V, LSxtsQxmsVR*Li RLRiVxmsos 48 s[V, slLi[gS sRVV 58,260][ FyV
LRiV xqsRVFyRVLi LRiW.18,740, @Rsxmso sVVRLi LRiW.3000 NRPzms yLRiVsNTP
LiRsVLij. C xmsRNRPLi[ Fs{qs=, Fs{qs, gjiLjisVNRPV 28,835(60 aSRLi) BV
ZNP[LiVVLiRgS \sVyLkiNRPV 5.98 aSRLi, jyLigRiVNRPV 3 aSRLi BV ZNP[
LiVVLiRsVyLRiV. slLi[gS xmsRNRPLi NTPLiR 90 L][ xmssjyNRPV 17,460
LRiWFyRVV, BVNRP LRiV NTPLiR LRiW.28,800, sVLRiVgRiV]T sLSLi NTPLiR
LRiW.12,000 Bs*sVyLRiV.
yLRiV. C ss[jNRP AyLRiLigS ARW NS[NRPV rysNRP RVWssLji= y*LS
d+>|PsY |sq d@ $TwqsY
[xqsVV xmsLiFyLRiV. @LiVV[ dsLRiLiy DsR rysNRP RVWssLji= y*LS sVL][ H\ 20 qT+ 22 es |sq
k+ _*+>T\T +f J\| yT xqsLisR=LRiLi @sNSaRPLi By*s RsV @LRisV xmsLiFyLRiV. kss xmsLjigRis[NTP
AL R xm , @ VLS : ALiRxms[a`P {qsAL`iUG NRPsVxtsQsL`i zqsLigRixmspL`i xmsLRi
dxqsVNRPVs DsR sysVLiR @jNSLRiVV sVL][ xqsLisR=LRiLi dsLjiNTP sLji
]q #s\ d<yTq q$<eT+&* @sNSaRPLi NRPLisV FyLRiV. @LiVV[ xqsRLRiV NS[[ FsVsLi @Rsxmso
s LS\lLiLij. Cs 20 sVLi 22 sLRiNRPV NRPsVxtsQsL`i LRiVNRPWLji bdPRL`i zqsLigRi
xmspL`i[ xmsLRiLiRsVyLRiV. zqsLigRixmspL`i[ [sW}qsN`P FLi[xtsQs BLiL`is[xtsQs
@ VLS , AL R xm : gRiVLjiLixmso[s, sLiRsV FyLiRs 470 @s N][LRiV=NRPV @sVsV BP[j[Rs [zmsLij. kLi][FyV y NS[[ NRPdsx-
AR*LRiLi[ LRigRiVRVs 10 AzqsRW @LRis gRislLis= dRL`i= FnLRisV dsVLi
FsLiVV` Tgki NS[NRPV LSxtsQ DsR sysVLiR [xqsVV Lki P[zqsLij. 10 qs xqsRVFyRWV [ss @jNSLRiVV gRiVLjiLiyLRiV.
g`iNRPV ARVs LRiV NSsVyLRiV. C xqssWs[aRPLi[ AzqsRW[s xms
xqsLisR=LSV xmspLRiLiVVy ARW NS[V BxmssLRiNRPW r~LiR syV xqssV sLiRsV FyLiRNRPVLi[ RLRiV @sXj, xms FyLiy[ sVLRiV\lgis Fys][FyV xmsV @LiaS\|ms RLRi
NRPWLRiVN][NRPFsRLi][ C sLRiRVLi dxqsVNRPVyLRiV. kLi][FyV ARW NS[NRPV F~|mnsxqsL`i zms. sLRizqsLiLSso LRigRisVLij.
FsVsLi N]R N][LRiV=NRPV @sVsV Bs*RLi[Rs DsRsysVLiR @j @sFsLiVV` Tgki NRPaSV sLiRsV FyLiRNRPVLi[ NRPhjis RLRiV
NSLRiVV xqsxtsQLi P[aSLRiV. gRiRLi[ BuysVryLRiLigS sTs C NS[\|ms xmsxqsVRLi
DsRsysVLiR RXztsQryLjiLiLij. ys[ gRiLigSs[ ARW NRPaSsV
gRiVLjiLi yNTP [xqsVV BLij. DsRsysVLiR sLiRs xmsNSLRiLi
dxqsVNRPVLisVds BxmsZNP[ ARW NRPaSNRPV [xqsVV xmsLiFysVs LSxtsQ DsR
sysVLiR \sqs \LRis F~|mnsxqsL`i zms. sLRizqsLiLSso FyLRiV. VRyLRiLi
ARVs ALiRxms][ sWRVRW LSxtsQLi[s 470 @sFsLiVV` NRPaSNRPV
>H, sC sj\ |ssT
NS[NTP @sVsV dxqsVNRPVs HRV xqsLisR=LS[ NS[V r~LiR LigRiVV [xqsV BysVyLRiV. ARW NRPaS @LRis s[VLRiNRPV sVL][ Gyj @sNSaRPLi
de\T rdT+f eT+~ : |+#TeT] nqTs<
sLjiLiy= DLiVLij. @LiVV[ B @sVsVRVV dxqsVNRPVs 10 xqsLisR=LSV NRPLiysVyLRiV. @xms[gS ARW NRPaSV NRPRLigS sLiRs @ VLS , AL R xm :
xmspLRiLiVVy @ sy[s[ 470 NS[V sRVxqsVsV @jNSLRiVV gRiVLjiLi s[VLRiNRPV r~LiR sysV sLjiLiRVN][ys xqsWLiyLRiV. xmsxmsORPQyRVNRPVRV gRis, A
FyLki FssV[ L][ LSNUPRW

>H 30 @ C\T >s+{

eT+ |]{\ dT
@ VLS , AL R xm : RLiT \sFsqs @jNS
LSs @RV|msVN]s ORPQ N][ LRiWFyRV ALjiNRP
s[LSNRPV FyR xmsxmsORPQ s[R gRis @jNSLRiLi N][xqsLi
Fss xmsRVyV P[zqsy sxtsWssVs, 30
xqsLisR=LSV @jNSLRiLi NSRVgRiy P[zqss s[LSNRPV
30 GV \V bPORPQ gSLRiLi @s LSxtsQ sVz xqsLiZOP[QsV
aS sVLi xmsLji xqsVdsR RV[aSLRiV. gRiVLiW
LRiV[s U{ms LSxtsQ NSLSRVLi sVLi AsV INRP
xmsNRPs sRVR P[aSLRiV. @sXj sL][RNRPVTgS sVVRxmsT, L][ L][NRPV RgRiV
RVs xmsRLRi][ RWLi][sNRPV gRiV\lLis gRis \s{qs{ms FssNRP spxNRPLRigS
xmsaSLi` WxtsQsV AaRPLiVVLiyLRis FyLRiV. Rs\|ms gRi ssVNRPLi xqssgjiRLi
][ gRiRLi[ \sFsqs LSZaP[L` lLiT Fys sU LRiVsV Bs*RLi y*LS sVz
sV OSQjNSLRiVsV P[ryss zms, @jNSLRiLi P[xmsNRP yLjis \sVN][\|mnsys=
NRPLi|msdsNRPV @xmsgjiLiyLRiyLRiV. ARW NRPLi|msdsV 50 aSRLiNRPV \|msgS sUsV
sVVNRPVzmsLiT sVLki sxqsWV P[RVRLi][ yyxmso 200 sVLij sVzV
ssLRiLi F~Lijs sxtsQRVLi xmsLiRLjiNUP VxqsyLRiV. 2014[ syLiRNRPV
sVVsVLigS RRV P[xmss RLiRV FssNRP[ Bs xdsV s[VLRiNRPV
89 ORPQ sVLijNTP P[NRPWlLi[ y*NS LRiVsW{mnss P[RVRLi LjigjiLiRyLRiV.
ksN][xqsLi BxmssLRiNRPV LRiW.6,500 N][sV sLiLiRyLRiV. gjiLjixmsoNRP NRP
xmsRNRPLi, RV>s xmsRNS][ sLRiV}msR RVVsRV syx s[RVNRPsV LRiW.50
s[ ALjiNRP xqsRVLi @LijxqsW LSxtsQLi[s xms NRPVVLis BLiNTP |msRs
{qsFsLi RLiRV xqsLiLRiOTPQxqsVyLRis sVLi FyLRiV.
b<j ds+ d<+ NRPV xmssNTPLSLRi , G\y zqsssWV
dxqsVNRPVLi[ sVLiRs Tzms
LSxts @jNSLRi xmssj, LSxts
sVz \|mnsyqs= NSL]lLi[xtsQs
\PLRis xmsLiRVsVLji @sVLSR
26q eTTVAs+ *#|q eTT<>& @yLRiV. BxmsVRV gRis sVRLi
gRiVLjiLi, y*NS sVz gRiVLjiLi LSxtsQ xmsNRPV dsVV gRiVzmsLiRRLi ryx-
NSNT yR , AL R xm xm j : NSxmso zqs y[ P[LSs TsWLi` qsRLigS DLiRyLRiV. VRyLRiLi {qsFsLi NSLixmso NSLSRVLi[ GLSV P[zqss
][ C s 26sVLi xmsFyjLis FyRRWRNRPV @s GLSV xmspLRiRWLiVV. s[LRiV xqssWs[aRPLi[ AsV sWRVRW 2004[ LSZaP[LRilLiT FssNRP
xmsVR*Li Fss sy @RLiNRPVV xqsXztsQLiy C NSLRiNRPsWs sLRisVLiRRLi sVs}mnsr[ @LiLiRVgS sVRFysLi sRVLiR P[ryLRis ssVNSLRi
[y yLiVVys[RVRLi LRigRiRs NSxmso DRsVs[R sVVRgRiR xmsRyLi sLRi*Li yLRiV. sLjiNTP @jNSLRiLi[NTP syNRP AyRV LRiW.3 s[ N][V Ds sVRLi
RLigS xmsNRPLiyLRiV. BxmsZNP[ yxmsLigS Fdqs gS LkigS sWxLjiLi AyRWs 30 s[ N][NRPV |msLis xmnsVsR \sFsqsj @s[ sxtsQRVLi gRisNRPV gRiVLRiV
yLRiV. NTPLRiLixmspT gSsWs jgRiLiRsLi P[aSLRiV. @LiVVsxmsNUP ssVNRPRVlgi[}qs [y @s xmsbPLiyLRiV. uyxmsosV sRsTgS xmspLji ryLiVV[ FR=zLi
xmsxqsNTP[Rs ARVs xqsxtsQLi P[aSLRiV. VRyLRiLi Rs syxqsLi[ dsVTRW][ RRs[V NSNRPVLiy, yss xmsbPLis sVz sWRV xmsgRiN]s xmnsVsR LS
sWTs sVVRgRiR RLiRV\|ms sxmsVV LjigSLRiV. Bs dsVs s ZaP[LRilLiT[ss ssVLji+LiyLRiV. NRPL`iys R= xqsRyLSRVsV xmsNRPs NRPW
VNRPVs[ ORPQLi RLiRVNRPV [RyLRiV. Rs N][xqsLi G\sVy P[}qs RLiR L][VNRPVs sVRLi gRiVLjiLi dsRVV sLiRRLi gRisZNP[ LiRyLRiV. sLigS
VBRLRi RV sXjs RWzqs JLRiVN][[LRis RVRVLRiV. @NRPsV @lLixqsVV, sVRLi sRVLiR\|ms RaRPVj DLi[ RRRVVR\sVs FssVFsFs rysLi[
RxmsVRV ZNP[xqsV[ RsV DRsWs ARVs dsLRiVgSLRi[LRiyLRiV. ssR [s DLiW NRPd sVRLi GLRiV\FyLjixqsVs NSNSs g][sLRislLiT, xmsyms lLiTsV FsLi
NSxmso DRsVs[R FdxqsVV jLjixqsVyLRis AL][zmsLiyLRiV. FyRRWR[ zqsRsVs xqsxtsQLi P[aSLRiV. RR TsWLi`][ P[}qs DRsWsNTP @sVsVRVs*Li RVNRPV xqs|qsLi` P[RV[Rs @sVLSR xmsbPLiyLRiV. sVj sxtsQVL`i[ NRPd
FyLi[ ZNP[xqsVV RxmssLiW P[zqss |RLj NRP ARVs LiTLiyLRiV. sW RLiW xmsVR*Li sVVLiRV rygjixmsT [LjiLiy @LiW ARVs xmsbPLiyLRiV. sVRLi ygji GRVgRiVLRiV RsFLiVVs ZNP[xqsV sRVxqsVLi[ @Li sNTPs FyLki[NTP
N][xqsLi s[VsVV DRsVLiRRLi RFy @LiW xmsbPLiyLRiV. ysV FyRRWRNRPV @Li @gRiRLi NSxmsoNTP [RyLRiV. RVs zLRiLigRi xqs[ Fys 330 GsRLigS P[LRiVNRPVyLRiyLRiV. C sxtsQRWsV xmsV gRisVsxqsVyLRis
DxmsNRPsVxqsVLi[ IN][sVLi IN][][ Rs\|ms ssVLRi+V gRiVzmsLiRRLi FsLiRsLRi sVLij\|ms 66LRiNS ZNP[xqsV RVLiRVNRPV gRiVLji P[xqsW RLiRV xmsVR*Li xmsLiRVsVLji @sVLSR @yLRiV. sVzsV F~RVxmso \sxmso sVLis ] sNTP
NRPV xqssVLixqssVyLRiV. ysV FssLji [NSR NRPWRVsV AbPLiRRLi[RyLRiV. sNRPxxqsLi P[rLiRyLRiV. C 330sVLij\|mss[ NSRV.. \lLis 15ORPQ sVVsVLi RLiRVyRVVRV @s AsV C xqsLiRLRiLigS gRiVLRiV P[aSLRiV.
RsVNRPV yRVRLigS RNS=s y N][xqss[V TsWLi` P[xqsVysVyLRiV. sVLij\|msy ZNP[xqsV DLjibPORPQ[zqsy jlLi[j [Rs FyLRiV. Bs dsVs s L][ sWRVRVs dLRiV xqsxqssWLi, sVzV zqsgRiVxms[ sRLigS DLiRs
RsV[s }msRZNP[ LjilLi[*xtsQs NRPLiys N][LRiVRVysVyLRiV. gRiRLi[ RLiR VN][ @Li[Rxms RLjiR{sVTgS sFsRLiW RLiRVNRPV xqsWLiy C sRLigS sWRRLi sVLi xmsR NSRs AsV zRso xmsNSLRiV. Rs ZNPs
V NRPWy FyRRWR P[aSLRiV. @xmsVRV ARVs @sVsVRV N][xqsLi FsLi LRiV. DRR @LRiVxmsoNRPV jlLi[ xmsLjizqs FssLjiNTP [RyLRiV. ALRiVsW\lLiy Rs Lilgi[*s Bxms\ZNPy xmnsQoryms |mss xqsWLiyLRiV. ZNP[sLi sNTPgRiR NRPORPQ][s[
RLRixqsVV P[ryL][ RV[}qs ysV NRPWy @Li RLRixqsV[LiRVNRPV FyRRWR Ljigji dLRiVRVLiRs xqsxtsQLi P[aSLRiV. As[aRPxmspLjiRLigS RLiRV, [ZNP[tsQ gRiVLjiLi sWRVRVyLRis @yLRiV.

;d $TwH #]q | ds y~ <|& >+>dsY d+ bdT\ y

=* edTq | ]swH xmspLRisoRVLiRs FyLRiV. 24 gRiLiV @[ xmss[ >T+sT bdT\T kBq+ #dTq sT ]LigRiV RsV yx
xqsVV ssVgRi\sV DyLRis }msL]yLRiV. @LiVV[ ys sVLjiLiR s[gRiLi
s+&T H\ |uT ;d RssV NSxmso LjilLi[*xtsQs N][xqsLi sRVsVLiR[Rs esDjTT<\T $jTy& bdT\ n|+ gS sTzms FdxqsVNRPV
xqsxtsQLi P[aSLRiV. NRPNRPVLiy xmsLSLRi
$TwH y~ +<|u ZNP[sLi d{qsLiRLji RLRiVxmnsQos d{qs NRPsVxtsQs xmss
;VsY, eTVsh >+>\| nqTeq+ RWLRiV. gRiVLiWLRiV
+s ;d $TwH #sH P[xqsVLiRyLRiV. d{qs NRPsVxtsQs G INRP NRPVsN][ xqsLi <|&| &J| dMT sVLjiRWLRiV dsVRVgS
LijLi NSRs @Liy gRiVLjiLiyy LRiV. 1994 NRPWLji}ms \s Li
ddt eT+EH< dwsD sVLi ssR d{qs NRPV TsWLiRV |msLi TLig`i[ gR VL WLR V, ZN F F WL][: sRVyR gRisLRiL`i}ms g][FylLiT dsj[ ORPQs xqsdsVxmsLi[ ]LigRi
DyRVyLRiV. gRi[yj \ sVLi LSxts yxmsLi Ljigjis LigSLRiLi ][zmsUNTP xqsLiLijLi gRiVLiWLRiV FdxqsVV VRyLRiLi V ysVV xmsRW
@ VLS , AL R xm : NSxmso LjilLi[*xtsQsNRPV gS 13 [ xmsLRiLi, ssR NRPV sVLi ]LigRi N][xqsLi sVVsVLRi gSLixmso RLRiV P[xmsLRiV. LigSLRiV ALRiV xqsVs NSLRiVsV sT
xqsLiLijLi LSxts xmsVR*Li sLRi*zLis xms= ssRVV {qs*NRPLjiLiysVs FyLRiV. 62 NRPV RRWLRiV P[}qs NSLSy sVLi xqsVsWLRiV LRiW.2 N][ sV\ss LigSLSs ][zmsU |ms, @LiRV[s
xqslLi[* FsZNP[NRPV INRP N]NTP sLij. BLiRVNRPV xqsLi sLRiVNRPV gSds @N][L`i sVVRyLRiLi[ gSds sVLi 45s[NRPV \|msgS sxmsoV sy RVs, 32 ]LigRiV sVLigRiyLRiLi LS ][RVN][sRLi zqsLi[. @sLiRLRiLi yLRiV LigSLSs dxqsVNRPVs xmsLSLRiRWLRiV. ]LigRisV sLiTxqsVs FdxqsVV yLRiV
LijLis xqssVgRi ss[jNRP ygS LSxts d{qs NRPsV d{qs NRPsVxtsQs RVj LjiFLRiVsV xmsVy*sNTP xqssVLjiLi NRPV sVLi gRiWxmso sWLRiV gRiVLjiLi ssRVV dxqsVN]s sLjig][ NSLRiV[ gRiVLiWLRiV \sxmso xmsLSLRis*gS FdxqsVV yLjis sT|mss yxys ry*ksLi P[xqsVNRPVs @LiRV[s RVFyNRPVV, NRPRVV,
xtsQsNRPV NRPWy P[LjiLij. kLi][ NSxmso LjilLi[*xtsQsNRPV xqsLi P[LiRVNRPV zqsR sVsoRVsj. NRPsVxtsQs \LRis zqsqs syRVs FyLRiV. BNRP sVLi FssLji sR sxmsoV sLiTLiyLRiV. kLi][ dRV LRixyLji\|ms ]LigRiNRPV, FdxqsVNRPV sVR NRPLRiV, VV, sWLRiRVVysV ry*ksLi P[xqsVN]s sRVyR {qs{qsFsqs
LijLi N]LiR xqssVxqs dLjis[ss @Liy sxqsV sVLiy` AR*LRiLi[s NRPsVxtsQs xqsVV sV {qs*NRPLjiLiRRLi [RyLRiV. RsV RXztsQ [ @s d{qs zqsdsxmnsNUP[ P[Lig`i LjigjiLij. sRVyR FdxqsVV gRiVLiWLRiV FdxqsVsV FdxqsVNRPV @xmsgjiLiyLRiV. ][zmsUNTP FyTs sVVhS dL`i, sVLSxtsQNRPV
yLRiV. yxqsysNTP d{qs NRPsVxtsQs LSxts yxmsLigS 13 xmspLRiRLiRL`iLSso, Fsqs.xqsRyLSRV, s.sLiNRP NRPVV INRP[ss, FssLRiV @sXjNTP [RVN][NRPF @xmssVRLi P[RVRLi][ @LRis Fs{qs {qs|` sRWLSso ryLRiRLi[ Lijs gSLig`ixqsL`i=gS sxqsVyLRiV. gRiRyLRiLi \|RLS`[s [sLRixms[
[ sxqsXRLigS ZNP[LiyV, ZOP[QR ryLiVV[ xqsVxLi NRPsVxtsQs RVj ss[jNRPsV RRWLRiVP[}qs LiVVy, yLjiNTP xqsLiZOP[QsV NSLRiNRPsWV @LiRNRP BLi sgRiLRiLi[s xmsV][ FdxqsV N`PFxqsVsV sVLigRiyLRiLi @LRiLS GLSV P[zqs sVVRW \|mnsys=[ ][zmsUNTP sxmnsRVRLi P[zqss gSLig`ixqsL`i=NRPV sRVyR
sxqsXRLigS xmsLRiLi, xms @FyRWsV xmss[ ssVgRi\sV DyLRiV. C xqsLiRLRiLigS NRPsVxtsQ jxmsRVRVy @VsLi yLji ssLSV }qsNRPLjiLi, ]LigRiV xmsLS\lLis yxsLi N][xqsLi gSLixmso P[aSLRiV. C xqssVRVLi[s[ ]LigRiV ][zmsU sVVhSNRPV xqsLiLiRLi DLiy @s[ sxtsQRVLi\|ms FdxqsVV ALS dxqsVyLRiV.
BxmsZNP[ }qsNRPLjiL RRLi LjigjiLij. xms= xqslLi[* ss[jNRP s \LRis zqsqs ZNPFs.sVLiy` VRyLRiLi yLji zqs gRiR\|ms xmsVy*sNTP NRPsVxtsQs xqssVgRi ss[ NSLRiV[ xmsLSLRiV NSgS ryLi` sVLi NSLRiVsV FdxqsVV sLiTLiyLRiV. NRPWLji}ms \s LiORPQs[ ]LigRiV sTss NSLRiVsV ry*ksLi P[xqsVN][s
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yNRPL`i sVLiy` s[RXR*Li[s sVVgRiVLRiV xqsV xmsVR*Li @xmsgjiLis xmss yyxmso xmspLji NSs LRiV. RsV syLRi[ ss @s @LiaS sV xmsLjigRi \|qsNTPxqsVsV UN]sgS, @RXxtsQsaSRW xqs* gSRW][ RVxmsyRV. sVVsVLRiLigS gSLixmso RLRiV P[xmsLRiV. gRiVLiWLRiV[s {qs{qs ZNPs[VLS Ay
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xmsRLji+LixmsRVRVs C u RsV xq
LixqsXs drLiRLiW |`FsLiZNP[
@| |uT rsT| s|TTMs $eTs\T
H usT Vdt |+> ddT\T. f+&sT
$\Te: ` 27,97,966.08/` .m+.&.: `
55,960/` f+&sT &yT+{ <s: `
(zLiRW sVNRP NRP) xqsLixmnsVLi |qsNRPLki
bPs s^ FdxqsV NRPsVxtsQsL`iNRPV zmnsLSRV
sVQ >+B *dq |eT ><e] sT\T
3,000/` |P] #jTT \+: bs+u ~ P[aSLRiV. NRPsV xqsssV @lLixqsV WT d , AL R xm : lLLiRsV VgRPV LSuy
qT+& s+&T d+es\T. eTT+| ~:
23.08.2017q 15.00 >+.\. P[RWs N][LSLRiV. sWLji[sW NRPsV xmVy*NRPV @|qsLid ryy |mLixmo\|m D
@< f+&sT =s @y esT\T / xqss sVLRiRLi\|ms P[zqss yV aRR, s PPdVV @VV P[}qsLiRVNRPV
desD >eT+#T f+&sT eTT+| RVsWLRiLi lLi[zmss sxtsQRVLi zqsLi[. ZNi[LiRLi\|m ITs P[}qs xtRVLi[ [R G{m
B eTT+<T yud{ www.ireps.gov. ks\|ms @xms[s[ N][LRiV[ zms y\ Lij. {m{qs{qs @RORPVRsV LRxmniVVdLSlLTs VLiTsxmy
in <]+#e\dq~> u$ f+&sT<sT
\qT s&yTq~. RssV @lLixqsV P[zqsy xmnsLS*[Rs, @LiVV[ g`i qs J @LiW xmsbPLiyLRiV. zLiRVR* gRiWxmsoV RssV NRPsVWs LRiV. {qss |mLixmo N][xqsLi Rs xqsLRsNRPV xmRV
&$q s yTHsY rysWNRP NSLRiNRPsVsVyLRiV NRPsV xqss... @LiRVZNP[ xqsVgS RxmsVgS }msL]LiVyRVyLRiV. ssNTP ysV }qs s PPdVV, xm[NRP x[y\|m
yss P[}xqsLiRVNRPV ysV IxmsVNRPVysyLRiV. NTPZNP sW` lLi[xtsQsxqsVss, N]R A[RssV AsxtsQLRisV
(mHV#Ym+), $jTy& VVLiRV [i[ yVV RsxqsLRsNRPV
Vs+> `f+&sT |q H+. A[xmsVRV dL`i dRL`i=\|ms s}tsQRLi FsLiRVNRPV sjLiRLRiV? ysxmsVRW ry*gRiry s NRPsV xqsxtsQLi P[aSLRiV. AWRLi }mj [Ri[ xqsLigRs ZNi[LiyNTP
PUB/0676/17

+{ \ ee~: 730 sE\T. eTT+|

~: 16.08.2017. _/.29/{sY&/f+&sT/06 xqsxtLi P[ryV yLiyLRiV. s
.d+.2 f+&sT H+. ~: _/.29/z|/ (2017`18) ~:07.07.2017
05/2017`18 ~: 07.07.2017 ||sT:
s+&T d+es\ \ ee~ (730
sE\T) =s {{d/_&m dV =
Vd ueq+ eT]jTT |dT s ss
~>Te d++<sT# ~>Te
|qT\ =s d\T ydq f+&sT V
+#&T#Tq$.
.d+.: 1. f+&sT H+.: _/.29/{sY&/
H>+& eTT<TsTTq sjT d+u+ PPdVd i[LRP[lLi[ jaRgS LSV FyLR
VLisV xqsWP[aS[ ZNi[LiRLi\|m ITs dxqsVNRPVLSy
GH{qs{qs DFyRORPVRsV LSx#PP gSLik N][LjsV LRxmniVVdLS
FyLRiV. xmbV g][yLj s RVLiRVLRiV[ P[xms
RV, WgRsLR sd Dxmo dLRiVgS WLRy RV
ALi][ NRPLi P[aSLRiV. xmaRPVgSxqsLi N]LRR][FysV, \lLRV
NRPWdV DFyj N][[yLR FyLRiV. C FysNRPVV dLR
jTT Vdt |+> eT]jTT sVD
de\T n+~+#T. f+&sY $\Te: `
73,76,722.15 m+&: ` 1,47,540/`
f+&sT/06 (17`18). |qT\ $esD: $jT
y& &$H ` &>T+b+ jTT
>essY #s <X\qT sd]+q dm+ |TsJ VgS ANS* xmno`s FyL` jR \lLRV xmj XLiRLi][
FyLiyNTP RLRLiy N][Lj[ ZNi[xqsVV |mRsyV
VVsVLi jLjxqsV xtRW yLRiV LSx#PP gSLik
f+&sT bs+ <s: ` 5,000/` +{ \ |&+> bdT e< b f{ bs <*H NRPzqs LRxmniVVdLSlLTs Tsd[ LSx#PP gSLik NRPaSLRiV. G{m RXztsQNTP dxqsVZNiLRiV. RVV{mG xmVR*i[V LSuyNTP ANS* xmno`s
ee~: 730 sE\T. eTT+| ~: q dH @sT eT]jTT W{ gR V x : ygSLi`[ LSNUPRV xqsLiO][QLi sVVRV xmsVR*Li Rs s sLRiWzmsLiRVN][y= DLiVL NSLilgsqs PPLS ByL` jgjs*sV zqsLig`s, LSsxqs FyL`V BsLiR sxmo G{m xqsLSL` sLRiVgRPVRV uy
16.08.2017. |D[\T n|t&{ #jTT. |{ LRiV][Lij. gRisLRiL`i d{ms AyLRi A[aSsV {qsFsLi xtsQVL][[ iRyLRiV. ygSLi`[ xmsxmsORPQLi [Rs gRisLRiL`iNRPV xqsVRsV ZNi[d{m, P[Us bdPLi, xqsVLSVlLTs, gjsRsVgRPV LRiVRLSi yLjLiP[ xmRVyV WRLi P[RVRsLi [R \lLRVV
@< f+&sT jTT @y esT\T / f+&sT $\Te: ` 2,03,18,013/` .m+.&.: ` d= xmsLiRVN][sRLi[RV. LSNUPRV FyLki[ ss zmssV FyLRiV. C sxtsQRWs aSxqssxqs {qsNRPL`i y*LS yLj][ FysV DyLRiV. ANS* FyL` @NRPTs yyLR
desD >eT+#T f+&sT eTT+| 2,51,600/` f+&sT bs+ <s: ` 10,000/` yFRWLRiV. LSx#PP gSLikNTP RV xqsVxqsV LjLis
B eTT+<T e yud{ |P] #jTT \+: 270 sE\T. eTT+| @LiRLRiR s[y[ gRisLRiL`i NRPVgRi[xqsVN][NRPWRRs gRisLRiL`iNRPV [ LSaSLRiV. aSxqssxqssV xqssWs[aRP xmslLi[LiRVNRPV, NRPVztsQRLi P[RVRsi[V NSNRP, xmLjxqsLR FyLiy[ gSW ZOP[RryLiVV xmLjbdPNRPV LSy APP*LiyLRiV. \lLRVV,
www.ireps.gov.in <]+#e\d+~> u$ xms s yy yLi P[rLiR \lLRVV
f+&sT<sT\ d\V e&T#Tq~. ~: 18.08.2017q 15.00 >+.\. xtsQVL][[ xqsxtsQLi P[aSLRiV. C s 15 [gS aSxqssxqs[ Rs LRiRV P[}qsLiRVNRPV gRisLRiL`iNRPV @jNSLRiLi[Rs gRiRLi[ xm xqsVxqs\|m FyLRVLisV[ RLR [RVyV
&$q s yTHsY djTsY &$q m\ +sY/ s sLRiWzmsLiRVN][ys gRisLRiL`i {qsFsLisV N][Ljis xqsV{msLiN][LRiV zmsLiRs[ sxtsQRWs gRiVLRiV P[aSLRiV. {qsFsLi LSx#PPNRPV LjLiyLRiV. xmLis F~d ry=LR Voy LSx#PP gSLik yLjNTP PPdV ByLRiV.
(m), {sYmdt (z), $jTy& {sY&/$jTy& sxtsQRVLi sjRs[V. xmsxqsVRLi GLRiTs xqsLiO][Li RsV s[RXR*Li[s sVLi sLRiLi xqs s[VLRiNRPV gRisLRiL`i RLRiV
Vs+> `f+&sT |q Vs+> `f+&sT |q H+.
d<e] ueTT\ u<
PUB/0677/17
PUB/0674/17

FyLki[ GLRiTs @LiRLRiR sxtsQRVsVs kss FyLki[ P[xmssRs, C sLiRs sVLiT RzmsLiRVN]s[LiRVNRPV
H+.&sYm+/mHV#Ym+/_&m/ _/.29/{sY&/f+&sT/08
xmsLjixtsQLjiLiRVNRPVLisVs, aSxqssxqs[ NSRs {qsFsLi FsLi @sNSaRPLi [RyLRiV. 15s Fs xmsLjizqsRV[ aSxqssx-
06/2017 ~: 10.07.2017 (2017`18) ~:06.07.2017
~>Te d++<sT# ~>Te FyLRiV. xmsxmsORPQ FyLki @saS*xqsLi |mssxmsVRV sWRs[V qs xqssWs[aRPLi DLiRRs {qsFsLi xtsQVL][[ xqsxtsQLi P[aSLRiV.
us sh| s|q eT]jTT =s
~>Te d++<sT# ~>Te |qT\=s
|< eTT+<T |s=q&q Bq
eT]jTT 15.00 >+.\ es `f+&sT
V+#&T#Tq$.
|qT\ =s d\T ydq f+&sT V
+#&T#Tq$.
.d+.: 1. f+&sT H+.: _/.29/{sY&/
f+&sT/08 (17`18). |qT\ $esD: $jT
y& &$H ` sY&mdt dd|wH H+. bdt n~] ={ #+|q >y~ V+ @| ds sT <: HsjTD
.d+.1 f+&sT H+.: _/mHV#Ym+/ {/mdt|d/|mdt/bf/6071 < WT d , AL R xm : LiVV N][s V xqsyNTP sLij N][s V\ 84 FNRPLS
_&m / z_V#Ymdt/ 17221`22/2017. {e* < |s+ fd+> eT]jTT
bd gR L` : sVWNRPbdPL`i[ s 22s LRiLis FyLRis z sVVzks[ P[LjisV @sVsWsxqsVyLRiV. P[}qs s\[ xqsyLj xqsRLi WVVV WV 22 N][sZNi[ ALiRxmi[a` xmVR*Li
||sT: 02 d+es\ \ ee~ =s |#sTT+#T dV <T]+q &.d. G{m xmVR*Li yVWRxmo RLRZNi[ N]LiRLRiV |mRNRPV @VLiRLisW N]yigS
+> &b / dzm e< s H+.17221/22 ds|s e]+> ] jTT ds|s xqsLiRLRiLigS bdPsgRiL`i[s sVRW sV{qsRV sR sRV[ ry` gjiL`i gRiRLi[
(dzm`m{{`dzm) =s HusY Vdt =s @sT. |]eD+: 12 H+.\T. Ds Fdqs @jNSLji sVx` @RVW xmsLiT`sV N]LiRLRiV {qsALkiFsmns ys\|ms xmsV \lgis[` yRVV NRPWy NRPssRsLi xmRy RVLj*WgRsLi yRLi RsVxqsV xqsLigRs zqsLii[. A
|+> de\T. f+&sY $\Te: ` dTesT $\Te: ` 34,20,000/` .m+.&.: `
yLRiVLigS N] xR P[aSLRiV. P[zqssV VrLij. NRPbdPL`i s[LSVyR s[R sVLRi* DsVL`i P[RVRsi[V {qs{mH dRV NSLRRLj+ xqsV FyLiy[ Hs NRPLi|mdV
21,86,431.52 m+&: ` 43,730/` f+&sT 68,400/` f+&sT bs+ <s: ` 3,000/` yLSRVs VLj+LiyLRiV. xqsyLj VxqsVLiRsRsLi RLRV @WLiRLi
&yT+{ <s: ` 3,000/` |P]#jTT \ |P] #jTT \+: 180 sE\T. eTT+| BLiRV[ Fys J DgRiyj ry` gjiL`i A sV{qsRV[ sLRi*zLis FyLRis[ Fys xqsLiRLRiLigS
ee~: bs+u B qT+& 02 d+es\T. ~: 17.08.2017q 15.00 >+.\. FssN_LiL`i[ xR\sVsV VrLij. sVLigRiyLRiLi NRPbdPL`i Fdqs @jNSLji sVx` @RVW xmsLiT`\|ms yT WVVV yy[ DLiRsRsLi ys |mLjgSRV yLSRVs sxmoN]yLRiV. s\
eTT+| ~: 17.08.2017q 15.00 >+.\. djTsY &$q m\ +sY/ ysV [ Ry R NSV[ sVVgRiVLRiV z LjigjiLij. Fdqs @jNSLjis N]LiRLRiV rysVWzNRPLigS xmLjLRORs BLijNRPLRLigS WLjLiR ygRPVds @xqsLSV G{m dLjLiR
@< f+&sT =s @y esT\T / A0962 {sY&/$jTy&
sVVzks DgRiyRVV sVX LiyLRiV. sVXRV[ LS][ N] RLizmss yLRiVLi[ ry` gjiL`i NUPNRPLigS xmLi][ @Rsg][VgS @VNSV P[xmsRsLi yLRNRPLRV xtRW RVyRsV xmVy*NTP gRPVLRiV P[\|qsy @NRPTs
desD >eT+#T f+&sT eTT+| <T|] f+&sT wsT\T/$es\ =s VLiTsxmyLRiV. ALiRxmi[a` xqsLSL` RVRiVNRPVLi[ ZNi[LiR 470 FNRPLS xqsRLi WVVV NSFyi[LiRVNRPV RLiRV
B eTT+<T e yud{ eT]jTT f+&sT &yT+ gRiVLjiLis DgRiyj ry` gjiL`i, Fdqs @jNSLji sVx` ssxLjiLiyRV. Cs[xmsRLi[ NRPbdPL`i s[LSVyR xqsLixqs
&H&+> =s <jT#d yud{ @RVW xmsLiT`sV N] RLixmsRLi[ NUPNRPLigS @LiVVs xLjiRV`NRPV z sVVzks DgRiyR xqsLixqs xmVR*Li, RVyRsV xmVR*Li, xqsV{mLiN][LRiV xqsx#PPNSLRLi xm[NRP ]LR dxqsVN][y ARV N][LSLRiV. C WVVV
www.ireps.gov.in <]+#e\d+~> u$
f+&sT<sT\ d\V e&T#Tq~. www.ireps.gov.in < ssxLjiLisV sVWNRPbdPL`i Fdqs sLSV sVR NUPNRP xqsLiLiyVsV xqsxtsQsVso][Lij. kLi][ C dxqsVNRPV A WVVV NSFyRsR ARV Tsd[ NSFyi[LiRVNRPV @xqsLR\V[ yRVFLSNTP jlgP[LiRV\ZNy
&$q s yTHsY, http://www.scr.indianrailways. [NRPLRiV xqsWP[aRLi[ @FyRVxmyLRiV. xqsyLj zqsRi[VyLRiV.
(mHV#Ym+), $jTy& gov.in e< <]+#+&. sTLiyLiVV. C xmnsVs @sLiRLRiLi @RXaRP\sVs @RRV jaRPgSsV @jNSLRiVV RLSxmso P[xqsVyLRiV.
6 $jTy& >TsTys+ 13 E 2017

dH | L&
bsTT+T bsTT+T s.
31,804.82 9,816.10 2,953.00
57.73 30.05 41.00
0.18% ( +) 0.31% ( +) 1.41%(--+)

NRPWH{qs y*LS LRiW.1000 N][V

}qsNRPLjiLiRsVs ALiyLiNRPV

WT d : xmsVR* LRiLigSsNTP Lijs ALiyLiNRPV sP[ HRV s

NSLi[ NS*\|mns` Bs=zqsWxtsQs }msqssVLi (NRPWH{ms) y*LS LRiW.800c
LRiW.1,000 N][V }qsNRPLjiLiR[][LiRs LiNRPV {qssRVL`i @jNSLji INRPLRiV
RV[aSLRiV. T|qsLiL`i sLji yNTP NRPWH{ms BxtsQW sVVgRiVxqsVLiRs, kLi][
LiNRPV[ xmsVR*Li y 60 aSRLi NRPLi[ sVLjiLiR NTPLijNTP jgjisxqsVLiRs }msLRiV
xmsysNTP BxtsQxmsRs A @jNSLji ssLjiLiyLRiV. C Gyj s sLjiyNTP
xmsVy*sNTP ALiyLiNRPV[ 61.26 aSRLi yVyLiVV. R*LRi[s[
NRPWH{ms xmsFyRssV [LRiV NRPWy AsWRLi VxmsoRVLiRs, RLS*R NRPWH{ms
xmsNTPRV sVVRsoRVLiRs @jNSLji ssLjiLiyLRiV. Fny[ As xmsN`P AxmnsLjiLig`i
NRPy NRPWH{ms y*LS sRVV }qsNRPLjiLiRRLi y _NRP @s ARVs FyLRiV. gRiR
ALjiNRP xqsLisR=LRiLi xmsVR*Li ALiyLiNRPVNRPV LRiW.1,100 N][ sVWRsLi
xqssVNRPWLjiLij. kLi][ LiNRPV[ xmsVR* y |msLjigjiLiRyLRiV. Bj

]f <y\D+ eT]+ +~.. DLiRgS \mns BsW=lLis= LiVVLi sLiRL`i, BLiTRW xmnsqs\ms BsV=llLis=
NRPLi|msds yV sNRPLiVVLiP[ A[Rs[Rs ARVs xqsxtsQLi P[aSLRiV.

LRiORPQsVLiR*aS][ |`FsFs FsLi[RVV

H[ NRPsuysNTP sUlLi[V Rlgi[ @sNSaRPLi s Lji\ R[Li 1.54 aSRLi s[V s[ 2.18 aSRLi
WT d : Lji\ R[Li s s[ LjiNSLRiVryLiVV[ 1.54 aSysNTP
jgjisLij. @LiRNRPV sVVLiRV s[V s[ 2.18 aSRLigS ssW\Lij. sVVLigS
ALRi xmsyLS RLRiV NRPWLRigSRVV, Fy DRRVV, xmsxmsV RLRiV gRids
RVLigS RgjiFsRs[V NSLRiLi. BNRP Lji\ R[Li N]R {qsLkiqs 2012[ FyLRiLi
\sVs RLS*R @RLiR NRPsuysNTP xmsTFsRs[V B[ sVVRryLji. LjiLRiV*LiNRPV FVNRPVLi[ 6 aSRLi @jNRP sL<SV NRPVLjiaSRVs }msL]Lij.
Amns BLiTRW 8 s NSLi[ R[Li lLi[VsV 4.0 aSysNTP xmsLjisVRLi P[RW
s ORPQLi][ FVNRPVy NRPWy Bj RNRPVs[. y xmsLjisW s[xmsRLi[
AL`idH sP[ xmsLRixms xqsdsVORPQ[ sUlLi[V RgjiLiys IT |msLjilgi[ @sNSaSV
yLiVV. s[ Ljigjis RsxmsLRixms xqsdsVORPQ[ AL`idH sUlLi[sV RVyRRLigS
N]srygjiLiP[LiRVNRPV sLRiLiVVLiLij. R[Li NRPsVLigS |msLRiVgRiV][LiRs NSLRiLi
zms RzmsLiRVNRPVLij. RRVxmsLji AL`idH xmsLRixms xqsdsVORPQ sP[ s[ DLij.
Lji\ R[Li yLjiRNRP NRPsuysNTP 1.54 aSysNTP xmsTFsRLi ALjiNRP ssx-
qs NRPsVLigS zqsLRixmsRV][LiRs sLiy= DLiVLiRs xmsys ALjiNRP xqsyLRiV
@LRisLi` xqsVxLi dsVTRW][ FyLRiV. sLRigS BLi R[Li
gRiLiNSsV @xmsVRV {qs{msH (HRV) xqs*LigS [y DLi[j 1999[
RWaSsVs.. @LiRNRPV sVVLiRV AgRixqsV 1978 [ @RLiR NRPsuysNTP jgjisLiRs
xqsVxLi @yLRiV. N]R Lji\ R[Li xqsW ssLji 2012 sVLi
@sV[NTP yLRiV.
LSLiVVL`i= sLRi*zLis F=[ ALjiNRPs[RV s s R[Li 1.70
aSRLigS ssWRVNSsRVss @LiRy s[aSLiVV. Lji\ R[Li xqsW[ 50
aSRLi sLRiNRPV y ALRiLi FydsRWV ANRPsVLiyLiVV. s s[ 1.17 aSysNTP
xmsTFLiVVLij. BRLRi ALRi sxqsVso sxtsQRWsNTP s}qs NRPWLRigSRV RLRiV 16.53
L][sL`i ORPQLi LRiW.17,900 N][V
][LRis @sLiLiRsRVss VRVyLRiV. FsLiRVNRPLi[ \ 1s [k sVLi xm- L gR LR V: LRiORPQ sVLiR*aS][ c zLiRVrys FsLiVVL][yNRP=
sVR*Li sxqsV }qss xmssV (Fszqs) @sV[NTP sLiRVs ys xmssLi sV` (|`FsFs) 2017c18 ALjiNRP xqsLisR=LSsNTP @sgSxy (FsLi[RVV)
aSRLi jgjiLSgS... NTPRLi Gyj B[ s[ 22 aSRLi jgjisyLiVV. C Gyj R[Li xmsRVRVLiRs @LiRy NRPWy DLij. FsLiRVNRPLi[ N]s sxqsVsosV IxmsLiRLi NRPVRLRiVNRPVLij. yL<jiNRP FsLi[RVV\|ms LRiORPQsVLiaS NSLRiRLji+
LRiVRVxmssyV @sVNRPWLigS DLiRVs yysLRi aS NRPWy V][Lij Fszqs sVLi sVsLiVV}qs.... sVLji N]s\|ms xmssV sjLiyLRis yLRiV VRVyLRiV. @a][N`PNRPVsWL`i gRiVFy, |`FsFs {qsFsLiU xqsVsLRiLS xqsLiRNSV P[aSLRiV. y
NS ALRi R[Li @RVxmso[s[ DLiVLij. gRiR yLiLRi yysLRiaS FsLi[RVV][ C ALjiNRP xqsLisR=LRiLi |`FsFs LRiW.17,900 N][ lLissW
N]N`P Bs=zqsWxtsQs CNTP*qsNRPV Lijs {qssRVL`i ALjiNRPs[R sWRLi sP[ ryjxqsVLiRs @LiRy s[rLij. kLi][ FyV |`FsFs C
sRVR P[zqss xmsNRPs[ s 1 sVLi \ 2 sLRiNRPV ryyLRi sL<RiFyRLi][ xqsdsVORPQ[ AL`idH 25 [zqsqs FyLiVVLiV RgjiLiRsRV.. @V RLS*R sVLi s[ RW}qs
ALjiNRPxqsLisR=LRiLi[s[ LRiW.1,300 N][ sVWRs sRVLi P[RV[][Lij. C
][LRi @sLiLiRsRVss.. FsLiRVNRPLi[ xmsVR*Li ZNP[LiRxmsVR* D][gRiVV sVVRLi[ DR rysVLRiLi |msLiRRLi, FyLisV ARVdsNRPLRiP[RVRLi][
sP[ s 2s [ks Ljilgi[ AL`idH xmsLRixms xqsdsVORPQ[ sUlLi[V 25 [zqsqs LS[[V s[ BLi @ @ss= |msLiRVRVLiRs ks xmssLi R[Li\|ms
FyV rL`i xmssL`iFyLi\|ms sRVLi P[xqsVLij.
FyLiVVLiV RgjiLiP[ @sNSaSVyRVs LiNRPV Amns @sVLjiNS sVLjiLi` INRP RWxmsoRVLiRs @FyRWs sNRPLi P[aSLRiV. kLi][ FyV N]RgS @sV[NTP ss
ss[jNRP[ }msL]Lij. sVLji N]LiR sVLij ALjiNRPs[RV sWRLi AL`idH s[ RW}qs Fszqs, LRiVRVxmssy\|ms AL`idH RXztsQ |msRVRVLiRs ALjiNRP sxmsoVV VRVyLRiV.
NSL]lLi[xtsQs Li LRiW.55 N][V
FyLjiaSsVN][R (HH{ms) FsssVj s NRPsuysNTP HH{ms DR 0.9 aSRLi OUPLiRgS.. WT d : FsmnsFsLi{qs jgRiLi NSL]lLi[xtsQs s 30][ sVVgjizqss
sVVR \sWzqsNRPLi[ ryLi`Fs[s FyxmsjNRPs sNRPLRiLi[ 5.32 aSRLi
s[V s[ FsssVj s NRPsuysNTP NTPRLi Gyj B[ s[ 5.7 aSRLi
jgjiLij. RRWLkiLRiLigRiLi][ FyV gRisVV, RRWLki LRiLigRis[V NSLRiLi s[V s[ HH{ms 1.7 aSRs[V sXjs ssWRV P[zqsLij. sXj][ LRiW.54.97 N][V ALjiLiLij. NTPRLi Gyj B[ \sWzqsNRPLi[
gRisV LRiLigRiLi sVLiRgRisVsLi RRWLkiLRiLigRiLi sWRLi GNRPLigS 1.2 LRiW.52.19 N][V ssWRV P[zqsLij. sVVRLi AyRVLi sxtsQRWsNTP s}qs 1.96
N]srygRiRLi][ ys xmssLi HH{ms xmsTLij. kLi][ sP[ s LRigRisVs aSysNTP xmsTFgS... NTPRLi Gyj B[ s[ 8.6 aSRLigS ssWRLiVVLij. aSRLi sXj][ LRiW.208.49 N][NRPV FsgRiNRPgS.. NTPRLi Gyj B[ NSLi[
AL`idH RsxmsLRixms xqsdsVORPQ[ sUlLi[[ N][R sjLiys IT |msLjilgi[ @LiVV[ sRV` DR LRiLigRiLi sWRLi AaSsNRPLigS DLij.. s[V s[ LRiW.212.67 N][s dFsqsCNTP xqssWyLRiLi @LijLiLij. NSL]lLi[xtsQs
@sNSaSVyLiVV. Gzms c s[V s[ FyLjiaSsVN][R sXjlLi[V OUPQLi 2.3 GNRPLigS 8.7 aSysNTP P[LRiVN][gS.. NTPRLi Gyj B[ s[ 6.1 aSRLigS xmsV DRRVsV sWlLi[ sNRPLiVVrLij. y[ |LiVVL`iZNP[L`i |qslgiLi
aSysNTP jgjiLSgS.. NTPRLi Gyj B[ NSLi[ 7.3 aSRLigS sXj LijLiRs ssW\Lij. sP[ s LRigRisVs AL`idH xmsLRixms xqsdsVORPQ[ sUlLi[V sxtsQRWsNTP s}qs A[Li` yms=,
ZNP[LiR gRiLiNS NSLSRVLi sRVR P[zqss gRiLiNSsV VrLij. RgjiLiys IT |msLjilgi[ @sNSaSV NRPszmsxqsVyLiVV. \ZNPtsQ xmsLS`, zAsW
|msVRVNRPV NUPNRP\sVs NSzmsgRiW`= LRiLigRiLi NRPWy s[V s[ 3.9 aSysNTP xmsVR*Li NRPWy \|mss[ |msVRVsV ANRPL<jiLiRysNTP sUlLi[V sNRPLiVVrLij. NSgS 2013[ [sWL`i=
jgjiLSgS.. NTPRLi Gyj B[ s[ LjiNSLRiVryLiVV[ 13.9 aSRLigS ssWRV RgjiLiys AL`idH\|ms IT |msLiRVRVy.. AL`idH sWRLi R[Li Li`sV [N][sL`i P[zqsLij. dFsqsC[
P[zqsLij. NRPsV=sVL`i RWLRiV sgRiLi NRPWy OUPQLiLij. gRisV LRiLigRiLi[ W RWzmsLi sUlLi[V RgjiLiRRLi [RV. ks }tsQLRiV 2.79 aSRLi |msLjigji LRiW.407.15
sR [` @LiVVLij.

FsqsdH HFsLi{msFsqs sgRiRV Rd\|ms yLki[so

LRiW.1,000 sLRiNRPV @sVsV
WT d : }qsLiNRPV Amns BLiTRW sVLi
LRiW.1,000 sLRiNRPV xmsLizmsLiP[ HFsLi{msFsqs
(BsVT[V }mssVLi xqsLki*qs) y*LS sgRiRV
xmsLizms}qs FsLi LRiVxqsVsVV dxqsVN][sVs
xqsxtsQLi P[zqsLij. ksNTP NSLRiLi s s
y[dssV FR=zLiRysZNP[ss
}msL]Lij. Bxms sLRiNRPV FsqsdH
LRiW.1,000 sLRiNRPV HFsLi{msFsqs y*LS
sgRiRV Rd P[}qs LRiW.5][ FyV }qsyxmssV
sxqsWV P[}qsj. HFsLi{msFsqs ][ sVV\Fns
y*LS [y BLilLi LiNTPLig`i y*LS BsryLi (RORPQs[V) BLiL`iLiNRPV
FsNSsN`P xmnsLi` s=xmnsL`i xqsLki*qs y*LS sgRiRV Rd @soRVLij. N]RgS
Fszqs @sV[NTP ss s[xmsRLi[ HFsLi{msFsqs\|ms sgRiRV Rd yLkisV
RLRiV RgjiLis LRi`Li
sVVLi\ : xqsV=V, NRPV RRWLki NRPLi|msds LRi` Li ... \sVL`i BLiTRW yyxy @sVLiR xqsLixqs. ...
Fss[xqsVsV xmsNRPLiLij. BRLRi HFsLi{msFsqs y*LS yLki sxtsQRWsNTP s}qs NSgS N]RgS @sV[NTP ss Fszqs y*LS Rgjis RLRisV ssWgRiyLRiVTNTP Rd P[xqsVsV VRyLRiLi yRV
LRiW.5,000 sVLi LRiW.1,00,000 sLRiNRPV LRiW.5, LRiW.1c5 ORPQ sLRiNRPV LRiW.15 xmsNRPLiLij. RLRisV 0.4 aSRLi sVLi 2.5 aSRLi sLRiNRPV RgjixqsVsV zmsLij. @ds FyRNRPV FsLiAL`i{ms lLi[Li\|ms 0.4
sxqsWV P[xqsVsV zmsLij. kLi][ FyV Fszqs[ ALjiNRP y[ds\|ms aSRLi sVLi 2.5 aSRLi RgjixqsVsV \sVL`i BLiTRW yyxy s[Vs[Lig`i \lLiNRPL`i, {qsC[ FsLjiN`P s|qs=*s
sLRiLiVVLis xmssV 18 aSRLi sxqsWV P[rysVs xmsNRPLiLij. FyLRiV. N]RgS Fsqs @sV[NTP ss s[xmsRLi[ LRi`Li @sVNSV [LRiLiRVNRPVLiRVs ARVs @yLRiV.
-bdPLiNRPs FsLiVVL`i\s= }qss sxqsLRi
N]srygRiVRVs [LRiV dUFs[
ssryxmsNRP j[R=s xqsLiLSV
sP[ s 15[gS
Fsqs Lji}qsxtsQsV
@jNSLRiVsV A[bPLis xmsys
\|RLS`, saS sgRiLS sVLi xmsL][ xqsLki*xqsVV
\| R LS` , AL R xm : xmsxmsLiRLi[s[ @RVsR ssWysV sRVxmsoRVsV ARVs }msL]yLRiV. s^,
dFsqsC 31,800, s{mns 9.800NRPV |\ R LS` : LRiORPQ LRiLigSsNTP Lijs sVds LRiR LRi` \ssVN`P= WT d : [aRPLi[s }qssLijxqsVs bdPLiNRPs FsLiVVL`i\s= [aRPyxmsLigS 14 LRiV, s[LiRLi, sVVLi\, sWTd, gRiRV, sVRV\lLi,
VVL \ : ryN`P sWlLiV VRyLRiLi yRV NRPWy LjiNSLRiVryLiVV[ sV` VRyLRiLi yRV 48s ssryxmsNRP j[R=ys @xqsLigS yFyLRi xqsVLiRLRiW sP[ xmsys sgRiLS sVLi xms[NRP ssWs xqsLki*xqsVsV yLRizqs, N], LigRiLRiV, N][NRPy sgRiLS sVLi
sVVgjiaSLiVV. sVVT RsVVLRiV RLRiV |msLRigRiRLi][ RsVVLRiV xqsxyRVVso LRiVxmsoNRPVLij. sWL`i RVWs[s 15[gS N]R Fszqs NTPLiR FyLRiLiLiLij. VgRiV LSuyNRPV xms[NRP rNRPLSV, xmsLSNRPVV, xmsRWNRPVV bdPLiNRPs FsLiVVL`i\s= }qssV
LRiLigSsNTP Lijs }tsQLRiV xmsoLiNRPVyLiVV. @LiVV[ Lji\ R[Li, HH{ms dUFs yNRPL`i G{ms[ @V Lji}qsxtsQs P[LiVVLiP[ xmsys LSLiVVdV NRPLiys sLRiLiVVLiLij. LigS[s ssWgjiLiRVN][sRVsyLRiV. xmsuyRNRP\sVs
gRiLiNSV sVssVs s[xmsRLi[ C lLiLiRV @LiaSV sWlLi [LRiVNRPV NRPLi }qsTRVLi[ 2s NSLRiRLRiV+V ]LRis dxqsVN][ \|RLS`, ALiRxms[a`P[s saSxmsLi \|RLS` sgRiLSs g][ ssL`iNRPV [TxqsW }qssV
NRPLi s[aSLiVV. dFsqsC 57 FyLiVVLi Li][ 31,804 sR, s{mns 30 FyLiVVLi BLiL`i RVWs ys xmsyssVLi slLi[LiR ssWyaRPRW sVLi xmsL][ ssWsRWs }qssV FyLRiLiLiRRLixms bPsLSsVRLiRs xqsLi][xtsQLi sNRPLi
Li][ 9,816 sR sVVgjiaSLiVV. Bs*xqsLRiV gRiVLRiVyLRiLi {qsFsqs, aRPVNRPyLRiLi [LRisVLi sWU A[bPLiyLRiV. @LiRVV[NTP dxqsVNRPVsxqsVsV FsLiVVL`i\s= xqsLixqs dmns P[aSLRiV. bdPLiNRP Bs FyLRiLiLis @yRVsNRP\sVs
B[zqsqs xmnsy\|ms RXzts |msLRiV. VRyLRiLi yRV xR P[zqss }tsQLRiV B \LRisNRPms][ ARVs 12s xmsgRi ... H NRPsVL<jiRV A{mnsxqsL`i bPsLSsVRLiRs FyLRiV. C ssWs xqsLki*xqsVV G320 c sW, G321 c sW
xqsLiLSV AyLjiR FnyFnyLi FRWNTPs xqsLiRLRiLigS VRyLRiLi \|RLS`NRPV ss ARVs FsLiVVL`iNSmnssV \|qsRLi ROTPQ LRiR[aRPLi[s @s
DyLiVV. IFss{qs, |`RVWFs, H{qsH{qsH LiNRPV, FsqsdHV xqsW
sVVRRWLiVV. C gRislLis=.. \dsV BLizmssVLi[xtsQs BNRPR GLSV P[zqss dsVTRW xmssRV xqssWs[aRPLi[ LRiW[ sRVxmsoRVysVyLRiV.
|msLRigRiysNTP ][xRxmsRgS.. xqsW [LRiVNRPV NRPLi s[zqss }tsQLRiV B DyLiVV. Gyj xms[NRP ANRPL<Ri [ sWRVRW AgRixqsV 15s bdPLiNRPs FsLiVVL`i\s= }qss sxqsLRi, FyysRsV @LiRLSdRV ryLiVV[ ORPQj sVLij xmsLSNRPVNRPV
{qsFsqs, FsLi@Li`FsLi, H{qs, {L][sW[NSL`isV xmsVN][sRV. LjiRVs= GsVLi[ NTPZNPNRPV @RsLigS N]RgS ssLjiLiyLRiV. RsV yFyLRi sxqsLRi[ gRiLigS
BLiR{qsqs INRP aSRLi |msLRigS... IFss{qs sWRLi 3.5 aSRLi xmsTLij. sP[ [k[gS yFyLRixqsV LiRLji P[R bdPLiNRPsV xmsLjiRRVLi P[xqsW @NRPT xmsLSNRP ZNP[Liy
xtsQ TLis][ xmss[aRP|msLRiV. NSgS \ 15s [ks \|mnss= Fszqs Lji}qsxtsQs P[RWs[j Rs xmsRWNRPVsV, xmsLSNRPVsV ANRPVNRPVs[ sRLigS gRiVLjiLi VxqsVNRPVs[ sRLigS RsV xqsLixqs y*LS xms[NRP
Gyj sVLi @sVLjiNS xmsVR*Li sVVT RsVVLRiV DRs RgjirysVs LRiVgRiVyLiVV. ssryxmsNRP j[R=s xqsLiLS xqsLiRLRiLigS Bxms sLRiNRPV rNRPLSV NRPxqsW }qssV @LijxqsVysVyLRiV. BxmsZNP[
xmsNRPLiRRLi[ RsVVLRiV }tsQLRiNRPV lLiNRPV syLiVV. WNSs }tsQLRiV 14 aSRLi N][LjiNRPyLRiV. xmsyssVLi GLSV P[aSsVyLRiV. bdPLiNRPs FsLiVVL`i\s= @LiRLSdRV
TFs D][gRiVV ryjLis sRWV xmsxqsVRLi xqsLixqs G ryLiVV[ DLij. NSLSRVLi sRVR P[zqss VgRiV LSuy sVLi RsV xqsLixqs ssWs xqsLki*xqsVV LRiW ssL`i xmsxqsVRLi 47 [aS[s 105 sgRiLSNRPV
|msLjigjiLij. RVWFsqsFsmnsUG][ [qs ZNP[s=L`i gRiVLjiLi RLRiV LRiVxmsoRVsV sxtsQRV[ Fs DLiR[][Lij RjRLRi @LiaSV D][gRiVNRPV yLji @LiRVV[NTP syRVs, Cs 16 sVLi
@jNSLRi xmsNRPs xmsNSLRiLi xmsys sxqsLjiLiLiRyLRiV. C }qsssV R*LRi[s[R 160 [aS[s
dFsqsCNTP xqssWyLRiLi @LijLiRRs[V NSLRiLi. g][ sWlLi sxtsQRWsNTP NRPVVLixqsVNRPV RV[ryLRiV. xqsLiLS[ gRiLigS \ 15s dUFs N][RVLiRWL`i][ FyV sVLjis xmsys sgRiLS y*LS
CaSsLSuy[ sLRiRV, sLiVV sgRiLSNRPV sxqsLjiLixms[}qs jaRPgS sVVLiRRVgRiV
s}qs AzqsRW sWlLi[ sVaRPsV xqsLiRs NRPszmsLiRgS.. RVWL][zmsRVs NRPLiRsg`i[ ssR LRiNS ryLixqsXNRP NSLRiNRPsWV GLSV P[rysVs xmsNRPX sxmsRV\|ms @jNSLRiV][ RsV [aSsNTP }qssV FyLRiLixqsVysVs sTLiyLRiV.
sWlLiV ][ RWxqsVNRPVFRWLiVV. s[xqsVsV xqsLixqs yFyLRi sgSjxms bPsLSsVNRPXxtsQs
dUFs INRP xmsNRPs[ sTLiLij. xqsdsVORPQ LjiFyLRis }msL]Lij. [aRPyxmsLigS 14 xmsys sgRiLS sVLi xmsxqsVRLi 126 ssLjiLiyLRiV.

sry=s |mszqsLi ysVqs NRPV|
^ : FysNRPV Lijs A[ jgRiLi sry=s LRi`[ AxmslLi[xtsQsV sLRi*zLiRysNTP ysVqs NRPV|sV
|mszqsLigS sRVsVLiLij. ARVs @N][L`i 1 sVLi RRV {qs*NRPLjiryLRiV. xmsxqsVRLi C xmsRs[ Ds gRiVLiVVsV
zqsNSL`i xmsRs sVLi RxmsVN]s Bs[ ks gRiry*sVNRPLi|msds @LiVVs lLi[[ \sqs |mszqsLi, }qs= sWlLiLig`i GztsQRW
xmszqszmnsN`P, ROTPQzqsRW s[Vs[Lig`i \lLiNRPL`igS RRV {qs*NRPLjiLiyLRiV. NRPW| sxtsQRWsNTP s}qs [N`P=ylgis sVLi
sry=s[ P[LSLRiV. ARVs LRi` sWlLi[ sry=s][ FyV yxqss Li` @sVNSV, sWlLiLig`i][ FyV
sWsWFnyNRPLjiLig`i, (RRWLki) Lki|qsLji smssVLi RRV {qs*NRPLjiryLRis NRPLi|msds INRP xmsNRPs[ sTLiLij.
A[sVs LRiLigRiLi[ ARVsNRPV 22 xqsLisR=LS @sVsLi DLij. ssR [aS[ xmssP[aSLRiV. kLi][ FyV ARVsNRPV
LRi` sWlLi\|ms xmspLji @sgSxs DLij. LRi`[ ARVs ry A[ BLiTRW Li`NRPV |`gS xmssP[aSLRiV. @lgi[
[N`P=ylgis gRiWxmso BLiTRW FsgjiNRPWs \lLiNRPL`i NSL]lLi[ ry (spxNRPLRigS) xmssP[zqss @sVsLi DLij.
\|RLS` sVLi LiVV, RqsNRPV ssWs xqsLki*xqsVV NRPLiRLiT
\| R LS` , AL R xm : @sVLjiNS xqsLiRVVNRP LSuyQ[s LiVV, Rqs ZNP[LiR sVLiNTP lLi[sLi`lLiT [
FyLiy[ sszqsxqsVs VgRiV xms rNRPLSLRiLi \|RLS` sVLi s[LRiVgS
ssWs xqsLki*xqsVsV GLSV P[RWs [Fy LSxtsQ aS sLjiLig`i |mszqsLi lLi[sLi`lLiT N][LSLRiV. C s[VLRiNRPV VRyLRiLi ZNP[LiR
ssWsaS sVLi @a][NRPgRixmsLSNRPV ARVs INRP [LSaSLRiV. yL`i @sVLjiNS VgRiV r\|qs (y=) AR*LRiLi[ sLRi*zLis
@sVLjiNS VgRiV xqsLiLSV NSLRiNRPsVLi[ FysysNTP @sVLjiNS ss lLi[sLi` Rs xmsLRis sVVgjiLiRVNRPVs sVLigRiyLRiLi LRS
\|RLS`NRPV P[LRiVNRPVyLRiV. Rs xmsLRis[ LiVV, Rqs FyLiy[ sszqsxqsVs s[j VgRiV NRPVVLisV ysV NRPsRLi
LjigjiLiRyLRiV. FsLiVVL`i BLiTRW @s FyLiyNRPV xqssVLRisLiRLigS }qsssV @LijxqsVsxmsNUP RsV xFyLiyNRPV \|RLS` sVLi
s[LRiVgS LRSsysNTP ssWs xqsLki*xqsVV [ss FyLRis FyLRiV. sVVLigS sWsXRVV, zms][ xmsRWV P[RVRLi BLijNRPLRiLigS sWLjiLiRs, kss yLRiV
Rs RXztsQNTP dxqsVNRPVssV lLi[sLi`lLiT sTLiyLRiV. C s[xmsRLi[s[ \|RLS` sVLi LiVV, \|RLS` sVLi RqsNRPV FsLiVVL`i BLiTRW ssWs
xqsLki*xqsVsV GLSV P[RWs ZNP[LiRsVLi @a][N`PgRixmsLSsV N][LSsVs FyLRiV. BLiRV[ gRiLigSs[ [sV LSzqssV ARVs FyLRiV.
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\| R LS` , AL R xm zq d WL][: \|RLS`[
xmsNRPLixmssV xqsXztsQxqsVs Rg`i= LSZNP[ N]LiRLRiV zqsds xmssVVV
xmss[VRVLi DsV yLRixqsVLiRLi][ VgRiV R xmsLjiaRPsV
INRPryLjigS DNTPxmsTLij. gRiRLi[ NRPWy N]LiRLRiV zqsssW
yNRPV Rg`i= LSZNP][ xqsLiLiyVyRVs @LiaRPLi ssoLRiV
gRizmss sxmsVs[ DLiTFLiVVLij Rxms xmspLjiryLiVV[ zLRi
RLi NS[RV. BLiRVNRPV xqsLiLijLi [gRiR N]s xqsLiRLS[
N]jsVLij sWRs[V xmsVyLRiV. @LiVV[ Bs \|RLS
`[ xmsVR Rg`i= LSZNP[ xmsjsVLij zqsssWyNRPV
xqsLiLiyVsV sT NSsRLi NRPNRPLi lLi[xmso][Lij. A
xmsjsVLij[ N]LiRLRiV {L][V, RLRi+NRP, sLSRV, J xqsLi
sWxqsL`i \|qsRLi DsV VRVyLRiV. ks\|ms xqsLijLis VgRiV
R x m sLj i aR P s V V R yLR i LiyR V \ | R LS` [ s z m n s Li
yLiL` i [ FyZ N P[ R VV xqssWs[aR PLi GLSV P[ zqsLij . C
xmsLjiaRPsVNRPV FyNTPLij. lLi[s FyLki[ INRPLjiRLRiV xqsxmslLi[ @LiVV
sVgRiy yLjis yLjixms ANRPL<jiRV P[RVRLi LRiVgRiV][Lij. [qs
N][xqsLi sy RLS*R Rg`i=NRPV sxqssoRVyLRiV. RssV
FssLRiW RWR[Rs zms NRPV sVWxqsVNRPVs FyV ygjis RLiys
s[ ysV \RsxmsLRiy. VgRiV zqsssW AL][gRiNRPLRi\sVs FxqsLRisV \lLi[* sLRi s[Vs[L`i
yy s LR i Li[ DLij . A yy s LR i Li T FNR P VLiy s[`NRPVsWL`i RWRs VRyLRiLi
RWxqsVN][y=s RR @LiRLji\|msy DLij. VgRiV R \lLi sRVLi[ sRVR P[aSLRiV.
xmsLjiaRPsV Fs[ sVLi NSLRiNRPsWsV P[xms xqssWsXj[ z q sNT P Liy` [ s \ l L i [ * T gk i
NRPWy gRiry*sV\sVLij. 99 aSRLi sVLi @szmsLiRVNRPVs NRPaS[ Ljilgi[ C s[V FxqsLRi
][ INRPaSRLi BLi R}msLRiV NRPWy sLij. Rg`i=LSZNP sRVR NSLRiNRPsVLi[ @Rsxmso
sVWsV @LiRsVVLijLi yLjis xmsRVRVs yLji[ sLRi s[Vs[L`i s ysVqs, dmns
\RsLi NRPgjiLisxmsoRV C sVxsWLji xmspLjigS RWLRi\sV x m sLR i = s A{ m n s x q sL` i Fs s s LR i s V
FRVLij @s @yLRiV. sVWds ALjiqs= @rzqs [VxtsQs @RORPVRV NRPWy FyyLRiV.
bPyLS sWRVRW, FssLji\ZNPy NRPxtsQLi s}qs y RsV
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gRiV zms N][xqsLi sVsN][xqsLi }msLRi yLiRV][ sVXRVyR xmsT[ VgRiV[aRPLi xmsVR*Li GdsV xmssV
s[ V s V R OT P Q s V R \ l L i [ * ssxLjirLiRs, C sVLRiNRPV sVVsVLii RLiRVyRVV[
(RsV\lLi ) 30 s sLRi*zrLij. C xqssWysLi Fys ALiRxms[a`P NSLilgiqs NRPsV @RORPVRV
s[ V NR P V x q sLiLi j Li s yNRPL`i.Fss.LRixmnsVVdsLSlLiT TsWLi` P[aSLRiV. sVsLi FyLiRLi\|ms Tzms sLRiORPQ
\sLjiNTP sLRixqssgS C s 14s DRRVLi 10 gRiLiNRPV saSxmsLi
Fy[LRiV[s HTG |qsLiL`i FsRV Gzmszqszqs AR*LRiLi[ sVsLi sVRLS
sLRi*zxqsVsV LRixmnsVVdsLS FyLRiV. C sVsLi sVRLSsV NSLilgiqs
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ssR @sVLiR xqsLixmnsW yRVNRPVV FyLiLRiyLRiV.
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xqssWs[aRPLi[ Fys sLSR @V @LRisLi` sWRVRW, ssxLji}qs Rgjis sVWLi LiRVN][NRP RxmsRV. kss y NSLRiRLji+ s.ZNP.slLi[tsQ, N][aSjNSLji xmsLRiVRWLji sLiNRP [aRP*LRiLSso,
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sVRV[ [VRVsV zqsLij. @Li y s sVVRLi yLiVV. @Li yNRPV @sgSxs NRPLiy. xmsVR*Li 10 sVLij zqsds xmssVVVNRPV [xqsVV
R xmsLjiaRPsVZNP[ R }msLRiV sxqsVLij. sVRV[ [VRVsj A ysV bPOTPQLiys sLiR[RV. sVRV sVLi RVNRPV Rg`i= sWzmnsRW sVVhS\|ms Fs\ZNP= zqs RWNRPVRV
xmsjsVLi[ NSsRV, NSds A xmssLi sVgRiyyLji\|ms NRPWy dxqsVNRPVLSys xmsRVRLi P[rLij. @LiVV[ BLi yLi xmsRLji+rLij. Rg`i= sWzmnsRW sVVhS][ @LiNSgji Rg`i=NRPV sx-
x m sR VR VLij . @LiR VZ N P[ y Liy R OR P Q Li A s VR V s VLi RLjiNUP FssLRiV xmsLizms P[xqsVyLRis ys\|ms sWRLi {qsLjiRVqsgS qs\s zqsds xmssVVVsV gRiVLjiLiP[ xmss[ xmsTLij. C NRPsVLi[
RVNRP V LSy. C sxtsQRW[ds RVNRPV RVss NRPxqsLRiRV P[rLij. RRVP[zqs BLi yLiy RVsV dsT Rg`i=NRPV sxqs\s 10 sVLij zqsds xmssVVVNRPV Fs\ZNP= zqs
@sVNRPVLiVyLRiV. NSds xmsVR*Li, zqsdsLRiLigRiLi kss J NRPLi
NR P s| m sR VR W s[ DyLiVV. y Liy s VR V s V d s R NR P F [
sVLi sWLRiLi[NTP LSys N][LRiVNRPVLiVyLi @s @yLRiV.
B[ xqssWs[aRPLi[ Fys sVL][ sLSR T.xqsVlLi[tsQV
[xqsVV Lki P[zqsLij. yLji[ sVVgRiVLRiV RVVs {L][V,
sVgRiVLRiV sLSRV, BRLRiV \lLiNRPLRiV, INRP xqsLi sWxqsL`i DsV
ss qT+ s.77,300 q><T kBq+: &md H>sE
xmsLjisWV s[LRiVgS DLiLiVV. sVVLi\ sVLi C NRPL`i sVs sWRVRW, Rg`i= xqssWsNTP sNRPLRiLi. BLi sWLRiLi[ VrLij. NR R xm \ZN L , (ZN F F ): NRPRxms sgRiLRiLi[s CxqsLiRLRiLigS \lLiLRi sR DsVsLi LRiW.77,300
FyRLjisV=[s xqsLjiryL` NSLSRVLi\|ms VRyLRiLi sgRiRVsV ry*ksLi P[xqsVNRPVysVs FyLRiV. BLiNS

sh+ s# b\q eT<T nsdT ryRVLiRLi G{qsd yRVV LjigSLiVV. INRPryLjigS G{qsd
@jNSLRiVV LjisV= xqsLjiryL` NSLSRVL [sV,
@jNRPLigS NRP[ DsVsLi sgRiRVsV xqs LjiryL`i
NSLSRV zqsLijZNP[ @xmszmssV FyLRiV. @jNRPLigS

n~s+ XXe!
NRPVVLi xqsVsV xmsLSsVLji+LiyLRiV. sVLigRiyLRiLi
yLRiV sVVs GLi LjigjiLiRs ssLSsV LSLRiV.
| m >\T|
NRPVVLisNTP \sFsqsAL`izqszms @js[R gRi[xslLiT
@LiRgS DLiLRis, @\LRixmsRsRs L][xqs NRPLiyLRiV.
yd|< z$T ujT+H @sLiRLRiLi s[LRiV][ sWRVRW sVLigRiyLRiLi
n~s <T]j>+ sLiy[ Ljigjis xqsLixmnsVs @ NTPLSRNRPLi,
@sWsVxtsQsVyLRiV. FssNRP[ JV xNRPV
yd| djTsY H u ssWgjiLiRVN][sRLi xmsry*sVLi[ xms JLRiV
n|Ck$T+ RV Ds \lLiLRi\|ms yRVV sLRi*zLiyLRiV. C
xqsLiRLRiLigS xqsVsWLRiV 15sVLij yNRPVsVLi \lLiLRi sR
DssgRiRVsV G{qsd @jNSLRiVV ry*ksLi P[xqsVNRPVyLRiV.
C xqsLiRLRiLigS G{qsd UFs{qs ygRiLS sWRVRW
@NRPsVLigS yNRPVsVLi \lLiLRi y*LS xqs LjiryL`
Ds sVVRLi sgRiRV LRiW.77,300sV ry*ksLi P[xqsVN]s
ZNP[xqsV ssWRV P[xqsVsV FyLRiV.
xqs LjiryL`i ygRiLS, RVNRPVsWL`i][ FyV
BRLRiV {qssRVL` @zqs|qsLiV, sVVgRiVLRiV sRVL`i @zqs|qsLiV,
BRLRiV @LiRLRiV, INRP xtsQLSmns\|ms ZNP[xqsV ssWRV P[xqsVsV
@ VLS , AL R xm : gRiLRigRixmsLRiV RRV ryLizmnsVNRP zxtsQLRisV
NSLSRVLi zqsLij sxqsWNRPV FyRVRVyLRis
xqssWyLRiLi][ yRVV sLRi*zLisV FyLRiV.
FyLRiV. C yRV[ G{qsd UFs{qs][ FyV G{qsd FdxqsV
zqsLij FyyLRiV.
slLi[NTPxqsW R[ dsVsLRiLi NSLRiNRPsVLi[ Fys[LiRVNRPV ss {qs{msFsLi LSxtsQ
NSLRiRLji+ {ms sVRV RjRLRi yRVNRPVV, NSLRiNRPLRisV @lLixqsV P[RVys
ALiRxms[a`P NSLilgiqs NRPsV @RORPVRV yNRPL`i Fss.LRixmnsVVdsLSlLiT dsLigS >e+d+ |sT
LiTLiyLRiV. C s[VLRiNRPV ARVs G{ms{qs{qss LSxtsQ NSLSRVLi sVLi VRyLRiLi

sLiy, ZNPFssFss xmssj : LSxtsLi[ ALSRNRP

Fys rygRiV][LiRs sW sVLi R= xqsRyLSRV
@yLRiV. Dxms FssNRP[ JsV RVLi][ xmsVR*Li
@jNSLRi RVLji*sWgSsNTP FyRVRVLiRs AL][zmsLiyLRiV.
INRP xms xmssj @s NRPWy RWRNRPVLiy @LRiLS s[
R, LRi][ sjxqsVs N_s=L`i xqsVLSRVVRVsV
sVWRV gRiLi FyV RsdV, ry }msLji s[jLiRRLi
FsLiR sLRiNRPV xqssVLixqssVs xmsbPLiyLRiV. sLiy
FdxqsVV sVLigRiyLRiLi yLRiV sVVs N_s=L`i
xqsVLSRVVRV xqs*gRiXxLi[ sWLRiRVVyV
DyRVs AL][xms ][ ryV Ljizmss s[xmsRLi[
sW sVLi bP sWxslLiT RsRVVRV bP xL<RisLRislLiT, xmsLjilgi sVVLRi, \sFsqsAL`izqszms LSxts
LRisRLiRNTPa][L` lLiT][ NRPzqs \s{qs{msNTP Lijs {qssRVL`i s[RV
FssV[V, FsLizmsV VRyLRiLi DRRVLi sLiyNRPV
P[LRiVNRPVyLRiV. s[LRiVgS xqsVLSRVVRV xqs*gRiXsNTP s
H m+& esY nsdT
\| R LS` , AL R xm : NRPsZNP[Rs FsLiU dNRPVsWL`is \|RLS`
{qs{qsFsqs FdxqsVV @lLiqs P[aSLRiV. 98 N][ LRiWFyRVV NSrqs LiN`P sVLi
[sgS dxqsVNRPVs Fsg]LRis ARVs\|ms AL][xmsVyLiVV. LiN`P [s N][xqsLi
dNRPVsWL`i \lLiNRPL`i .sLiNRP[aRP*LRi LRis xmsry` FyxmsLkis N]RVs |msLRiV.
ARVsNRPV RVNRPVLiy FyFyLkis dNRPVsWL`i @s[VaSLRiV. xmsry`
NRPLixmsLiVVLi s[VLRiNRPV RLSxmso P[xmss {qs{qsFsqs FdxqsVV dNRPVsWL`is @lLiqs
P[aSLRiV. FdxqsV NRPRsLi xmsNSLRiLi NRPsZNP[Rs N`P=\= @Li` s= \|mss[
RR @s FssNRP L][ RsVNRPV BxtsQ\sVs yLjis
FssVNRPVLiLRiyLRiV. sLiy[ @ NSNRPVLiy lgiVxmso
N][xqsLi @jNSLRi FyLki LjigjixqsVLiRs R*sVyLRiV. ysV
10 xqsLisR=LSV sVLigS, 5 xqsLisR=LSV FyLRisVLi
xqsVTgS xmss P[aSss, BLi dsR\sVs LSNUPRWsV
RWR[RyLRiV. FsLizmsV sVRVslLiT, @sytsQlLiT,
FssV[V @Li` xtsQ, HRV, VgRis
LS[LiRy`lLiT, g_LRiVRLjiylLiT, bdPsyxqsVV,
bdPNSLi`lLiT, NRPRxms s[VRVL`i xqsVlLi[tsQ, NRPRxms \s{qs{ms @RORPVV
@sVLRiy`lLiT, NRPLRiWV BsyLki xzmns s,
@RORPVV g_LRiV sLiNRPlLiT, LSg][FylLiT, Vy ZaP[ztsQlLiT,
ZNP[lLiT sLiNRP LSsVlLiT, [lLiT bPsaRPLiNRPL`ilLiT, NRPLRi @ VLS , AL R xm : R [ dsVsLRiLi NSLRiNRPsVLi[ Fys[LiRVNRPV
NSLRiRLji+ \s LSsVRV, LRiVNRPVFyRV bdP[s, @sLiR NSLRiNRPLRisV @lLixqsV P[RWRs ysVxmsORPQ FyLkiV dsLigS LiTLiyLiVV. @lLixqsV
sLiNRPLSsVlLiT, sd sVxsV`, RjRLRiVV R=
sLi DyLRiV.
jTTwt y<T\
bdT\ Jy| d sLiRjsVLij RRVV dsVsLRiLicy[xmsgRiWLi,gRiLRigRixmsLRiV L][RV \|ms
\| R LS` , AL R xm :
LigSs[ ARVVt gRsLi[
xmP[xqsV ]Vj VLij \RV
yLj ryNRPR AyLRLigS ALiR
xmi[a`NRPV ZNi[LiVVxqsW LigSs
INRP xmsNRPs sRVR P[aSLRiV. @lLixqsV P[zqss yLjis RORPQs[V sRVR P[RWs,
RRV\|ms ryLizmnsVNRP zxtsQLRisV sLis[ Fss[RWs TsWLi` P[aSLRiV.
VgRiV[aRPLi xmsVR*Li gRiR sVWRV sVgS LRiVgRiVRVs ryLizmnsVNRP z
xtsQLRisV Fss[}qsLiRVNRPV RLRiV dxqsVN][NRPFgS sLRiLiys xmsWgjiLiRRLi
<[T\| <&T\ |<+
gRiL>RidsRVLi @ysVLRiV. sLRiLiRLi][ DRsWs @s[ RWsVN][sRLi
@ss[NRPsVyLRiV. FdxqsV sLRiLiR RLRisV LiTLiys FyLkiV, xms n+u<sY eTqTeT&T
xqsLixmnsWV, xms RLiR yRVNRPV, s[VysoNRPV ARVs szms P[aSLRiV.
|X n+u<sY s|D
nsdT #dq y] $&T<\ #j* LR Vxm , (ZN F F WL][): [aRP yxmsLigS INRP
xmsRNRPLi xmsNSLRiLi g][so sWLixqsLi }msLRiV][ RRV\|ms yRVV
LRiVgRiVRVyRVs LSLigRi sLSR AL`i @Li[RL`i
ss zqszmsRVLi LSxts NSLRiRLji+ zms.sVRV][FyV xmsVsoLRiV ysVxmsORPQ s[RsV, sVsVsVRV xmsNSa`P @Li[RL`i AL][zmsLiyLRiV. sVLRiR
FLS xqsLi{mnsVs NRPsV AR*LRiLi[ rysNRP RVzqs
P[zqss yLjis RORPQs[V sRVR P[RWs RRV\|ms ryLi{mnsVNRP zxtsQLRisV NRPsVLiRxmsLi[ VRyLRiLi Ljigjis NRPVssORPQ \Rs
xqs[ ARVs sVV @jgS FyyLRiV. xqs[ xmsNSa`P
sLis[ Fss[}qsLiRVNRPV LSxts xmsVR*Li RLRiV dxqsVN][ys TsWLi` P[aSLiVV.
R[ dsVsLRiLiNRPV {qs{msFsLi zmsVso ss s[xmsRLi[ FdxqsVV xqsNRPV @sVsV @Li[RL`i sWRVRW RRV ARg_LRisLi N][xqsLi
Bs*NRPFgS 144, 30 |qsORPQs sjLi rysNRP xmssV RVLiRVNRPV sVy xmsp[ sVLi @Li[RL`i sLRiNRPV FsLiRL][
gRiVLjiP[RVRLi\|ms ysVxmsOSQQV @xqsxsLi sNRPLi P[aSLiVV. sVL][\sxmso ryLi{mnsVNRP
zxtsQLRi Ljigjis gRiLRigRixmsLRiV FyLiys @s \sxmso jgRiLiRsLi P[zqss
FLSV P[aSLRiyLRiV. NSds s[RV g][ xqsLiLRiORPQ }msLRiV][
RRVsV zLizqsxqsVyLRis AL][zmsxqsW gRiVLS`[s
xqssWs[aRPLi[ sWRVRVs @Li[RL`i
sVsVsVRV xmsNSa`P @Li[RL`i
\LiVVLi LSryL][N][ P[xqsVyLRiV. FdxqsV sLRiLiR RLRisV L TLiys
gRiV[, DRLRixms[a`P[s xtsQxLSsxmspL`i[ Ljigjis
xqsLixmnsVsV ryOSQs }msL]yLRiV. C xqs[ NRPVssORPQ LjixmsNRPs FyLkiLSxts NSLRiRLji+ @LiRV, ssryRV
NSLjiNRP xqsLixmnsVLi LSxts NSLRiRLji+ sLiNRP[aRP*LRiV,
FyLkiV, xmsxqsLixmnsWV, xmsRLiRyRVNRPV, s[VysoNRPV, xmsNRPV slLi[NRP FLS xqsLixmnsVLi LSxts @RORPVRV N]Rxms
NSLRiRLji+ ygRiLS, xqsLi{mnsVs NRPsV xmsys NSLRiRLji+
ysVxmsORPQV zmsVso syLiVV. xqsVsVLi, sVLRiR FLS xqsLi{mnsVs NRPsV
NRPLiyLRixmso sVVLRi, xqsRV NSLRiRLji+ sLRiV Fys
@RORPVRV {qsqs gRiVLRixms, ALiRxms[a`P \lLiRV xqsLixmnsVLi LSxts
n$ >=&T>T +< yRVNRPVRV NRPXxtsQRV, ZNPszmsFsqs LSxts NSLRiRLji+ sWj, RRV HNRPR AsaRPNRPRsV ssLjiLiyLRiV.

\R aSs gRsR 24 Lk P[zqs

sV`NRPV Lijs s.dNRPVsWL`i, s.OUPQaSLRiR][ FyV sVL][ sVgRiVLRiV
zmnsLSRVyLRiV xmsry`NRPV \lLiNRPL`i xmsRs][ FyV sqs[ V BrysVs
}msL]LiW zmnsLSRVyLRiVNRPV Lijs NRPLRiWV[s 35 N][ sV\ss AxqsVsV
NSryqs LiN`P[ N]RVs |msLRiV. LigS, G{ms, RsV yRV LSuy[
s[ @VV\|m \|#PPN][LRiV }qs jLi
sLij. 2015[ Lk P[zqs s[
AyLRLigS ARVVt aSs[ xmP[xqsV
#+<uT b\q: ueTq ysTT \ >+CsTT |{y
\yjNSLRiV FxqsVV LSxt |\ R LS` , AL R xm : @RLi sWxqsLi @sds @s[ g]RVgRiVNTPLiR RLiR
N]RgS sqs sxqsLjiLiRsVysVs, A rL`i= y*LS sP[ s Fnyzmns[ 3
aSRLi NRPsVxtsQs @LiR[rysVs @gRisVLi LSxqsVNRPVyLRiV. 21 N]R uLRiWsVsV
ssR FyLiy[ FsrytsQ P[}qsLiRVNRPV gSsW LRiW.60 N][V NSrqs LiN`P sVLi
ryLiVV FxqsVV @ }mL]Lij. A
FxqsVV [ FxqsVVgS xmLjgRs
sLis gRsRLi[ G{m [ xmP[aSLRi[
V Fys rygjixqsVyRs \sFsqsAL`iNSLilgiqsFyLki LSxtsQ xmsysNSLRiRLji+
WsVs NRPLRiNRPL`i lLiT @yLRiV. VRyLRiLi FyLki NSLSRVLi[ GLSV P[zqss s+&T yVH\T dC
dsVTRW xqssWs[aRPLi[ WsVs sWRVRW RLiRV, @RVs N]RVNRPV yxy[ gRiLiLiVVs LkigS RLRixqsVsV @sLiRgjiLji
LRiVLi F~LiyRV. LRiVLi dxqsVNRPVs RLS*R yFyLRiLi P[RVNRPFgS uyxmso[ NSLRsLi][ zmsxtL` \yj sVLij sWLRisVLiy LSuys LSsNSxtsQLigS sWLSLRiyLRiV. xmsxqsLiZ
Ds xqsVsWLRiV LRiW.68 N][ xqsLRiNRPVsV Rs rRLRiVV s.LS[LiRNRPVsWL`i, NSLRiVV G{mNTP zm xmLixmRsLi FdqsNRPV xqssWyLRiLi @LijLij. @NRPR zqsLij
OP[QsWs sxqsLjiLi ][zms[ [RVLigS Fys rygjixqsVs RLiRV FyLki xms [NRPFsRLi][ Fsqs.N][ FdxqsVV LRiLigRiLi[NTP jgji
s.ygRiWxtsQLi, s.AsLi`NRPVsWL`iNRPV sNRPLiVVLiP[aSRV. C sxtsQRWs xqsLjNSRLij.. DVTs \|#PPN][LRiV
yRVVWLj szqsqs FVqs LSV gSs[aSNRPV Ax NSNRPRxmsRs |RLjiLiyLRiV. RsV yRVNRPVRV gRis xmsNRP NSxmsoNS RVVsNRPVV sWLRiV \ NRPV\|ms sxqsVLiRgS
zmnsLSRVyLRiV][ FyV BRLRi \lLiNRPLRiNRPV Vxms[RV. kLi][, ysV sWxqsF Lis ssLRiyLi xmsRNSsV RWzqs Li[FLiVV U{ms aRPVs NSs
RWss sxtsQRWs gRisVsLi xmsry` {qs{qsFsqs FdxqsVsV AaRPLiVVLiRRLi][ RLiRLSo Bs C i[VLRNRPV ssVNRPs xmsLiNRPV Lijs |msR Lki, ks ssVNRP ys ds
VRLiRLR DRLRiV*V Lk P[aSLRiV. sVs sVVLRiVgRiVRVyRVyLRiV. gRis sNTPR*Li\|ms yT P[RWs RW}qs RLRiVyR sVL][ lLiLiRV yxyV sxqsVLiRRLi][
VRyLRiLi NRPsZNP[Rs FsLiU dNRPVsWL`is {qs{qsFsqs FdxqsVV @lLiqs P[aSLRiV. RLiRV FyLki xms NRPLisVLiNRPV xqsLi NSNRPRxmsRs |RLjiLiyLRiV. FdxqsVV RsdNRPV xqssRsVRWLRiV. kLi][ N]s

Jmd| <Xy| <eT+

yxyV ANRPryRVgS ssNTP zms @sLiRgjiLji\sxmso
&\, &sT\ FsyLRiV. kLi][ FdxqsVV ys sLiTLiyLRiV. INRP
V~ bV+ xmsLi LkisV, yssV xmsVN][gRigSLRiV. sVgjis
yxy N][xqsLi saS gjiLjis FyLiRLi[ sVVsVLRi
m+msY{ #sH aR XL gR LR xm oN][ , ZN F F : saSxmsLi gSLixmso LRiVxmsoRVyLRiV. xmsVTs C lLiLiRV
@sLiRgjiLji sVLiRsNTP xqsLjixRVgS sos yxysV VRyLRiLi DRRVLi aRPXLigRisLRixmsoN][ Fdqs
eT] \s& aRPXLigRisLRixmsoN][ sVLiRLi RsLRi N`PFxqsV sR }qsxtsQsNRPV RLRiLiyLRiV. dss Rsd P[RVRLi][ ys[
\T>T sc\ qT+# bs+_k+ |y{ dL]{ d+d\ V#] sVLigRiyLRiLi LS FdxqsVV yxs RsdV P[xqsVLiRgS gRiLiLiVV ryV RVxmsyLiVV. xmsLi Lki[
NR VR Vxm pL` , ZN F F :
FsLiFsAL`iH rsLi][ Li |\ R LS` , AL R xm : xqsVsWLRiV 50 ORPQ xqssWs[aRPLi[ Fs{qs s Ljilgi[ suys ssLjiLi TsWLi` P[aSLRiV. [sxmsORPQLi[ [aRPyxms DRsW sLiVV NTP[NRPV \|msTs sVVRLi[ gRiLiLiVV xmsVTLij. LRiryRVs RV soyLiVV. ys[ 34 ry
LSz=[s sVLkiTRVs xqsW NRPVVLiNRPV s[Fyj NRPxqsVs |qsNRPWLji yLRiV. sxqsLji s[RsLi LRiW.10s[V sWRs[V LiP[ sNTP bdPNSLRiLi RVRysVs |RLjiLiyLRiV. C DR @LiRNRPV sVVLiRV @LRiNRPV sVLi saS sVs ALki{qs gRiLiLiVV DLij. sVVRLigS 1088 NTP[ gRiLiLiVV
[ sWRsLigS GLSV P[zqss xqsLixqssV d}qs sRLigS ZNP[LiR xmsVR*Li Fs{qs |qsNRPWLji gSLRiV\|ms Fs{qs LSs sWzms[ yLRiV sWsNTP VgRiV LSuy sVLiP[ yLij xmsVNRPVysVs xqsV=sV RsLRi N`PFxqsV sR Rsd P[RVgS 8 NTP[ sosV VrLij. @LiVV[, xqsLRiVNRPV yxqssLigS FsLiR
rL`i= @NSRsVs NRPLRiWV FsLi{ms RLi y*LS xmssV sjLiRRLixms ALiRxms[a`P, NRPVVLisV FztsQLiRVN][[s xmsLjizqs DLiRyLRiV. }msL]yLRiV. G{ms, LigS[ yyxmso sVWRV gRiLiLiVV ]LjiNTPLij. kLi][ sVLjiLiR sVVsVLRi RsdV soLij? ys sVs FsLiR soLij? @sj FdxqsVV
V lLi[VNRP, FsLiFsAL`iH \LRis LigS LSuy \|mss[ |qsNRPWLji xqsLixqsV ds @gRis yLjis sRVsVLiRVNRPVs RyV s[NRPV\|msgS \|mss[ |qsNRPWLji Gds=V DyRVs, P[xqsVs xqssVRVLi[s[ @LRiNRPV sVLi lLiLiRV, sVWRV RXdsNRPLjiLiy= soLij.
sVLji OSlLiT FyLRiLiLiyLRiV. C @LiRLSs sNRPLiP[aSLiVV. Fs{qs @sV[ LiRVNRPVs[ Gds=VgS ysVV LSs LjiLiP[ dsLRiLiy sLiRs xmsNSLRiLi RsV sR xmssP[}qs
xqsLiRLRiLigS FsLi{ms lLi[VNRP sW gRiLigS |qsNRPWLji }qss\|ms 18aSRLi xmssV sjLi xmsLjizqs @LiRNRPy [RyLRiV. \|mss[ |qsNRPWLji D][gRiVNRPV RyV xqsW {msFsmns, CFsqsH $yV y&T\ yS..

RVRW NUPyNSLRiVNRPV ssVRsVgS
sVxqsW NUPRNRPV Fy=xLi
@LijxqsVs FsLiFsAL`iH
s[Vs[sVLisV @sLijLiyLRiV.
FsLiFsAL`iH \LRis sVLji
OSlLiT sLRis NUPyNSLRiVRV
NSsRLi, ARVs sLRi*zLiP[
syxqsLixqs[s NUPyNSLRiVNRPV
sLRiLiLiRyLRiV. @sLiRLRiLi
FsLiFsAL`iH \LRis sVLji
OSlLiT sWRVRW NUPRNRPV,
NUPyNSLRiVNRPV RsV syxqsLixq
sVLiT z][jNRPLigS RxmsNRP
Fy=xLi @LijrysVyLRiV.
syLRiVV FyhRiaS sR sVLi[
NUPR\|ms AxqsNTP |msLiRVNRPVLi[ ZNP[LkiL`isV
R*LjiRgRis sVVRVN][sRyLRiV.
BNRP sWRsLigS FyLRiLiLis
[V sqs NUPRNRPV xmssVV N][`,
@LRiVs @yLRiV gRizR xqsLikms
LSV, rsVy`V N][`VgS
ssxLjiryLRis ARVs FyLRiV.
RRLi DFyj @sNSaSsV dRVR s[Vss
@rzqs[VxtsQs Amns \|mss[ |qsNRPWLjiqs Gds=qs G{ms
@RORPVRV xqsLRilLiT, LigS @RORPVRV UFsqs
lLiT RjRLRiVV R*sVyLRiV. C xqsLiRLRiLigS
VRyLRiLi GLSV P[zqss dsVTRW xmssRV
Jy 279 DyT s<T #j*
@sVLSs, ALiRxms : sVVs=xms NSLjiNRPV
DFyj RRNRPV g]R|msVgS Ds 279 [sV
RORPQs[V LRiRV P[zqs, NSLiNRPV, K rLji=Lig`
NSLjiNRPVsV lLigRiW\ P[}qsLiRVNRPV LSxtsQ
sVVsVLi RORPQs[V [NRPLi P[xqsVN]s, sVVs=xms
NSLjiNRPV xqssVsV sLRisVLixms[}qsLiRVNRPV Rgjis
RLRiV dxqsVN][ys LRiR NRPsVWsxqsV FyLki
(sWLji=xqsV) LSxtsQ NRPsV VRyLRiLi INRP xmsNRP
s[ N][LjiLij. sVVs=xms NSLjiNRPV yRV\sVs
TsWLiRsV gRiR 18 sVgS xmsLjixtsQLjiLiRNRPVLiy
xqsLki*qssV ssWgjiLiRVNRPVs[ ARW \|mss[ xqsLi
xqsV, NRPLi|msdsV, sNTPgRiR RR N][LRiVNRPVs[ yLRiV |msLji
gjis Fs{qs LSs LjiLiRsVLi[ }qsssV sRs[
xmsLjizqs DLiRyLRiV. C sxtsQRWs ZNP[LiR xmsV
R*Li gRiVLjiLi RORPQs[V sVsLiVVLixmso By*s
eTT| ]\ dyT| dm+ d+~+#*
LSxtsQ xmsVR*Li NSRWxmss P[RVRLi sVWLigSs[
NSLjiNRPVV xqssV xmsLRis zmsL j.
LSxtsQLi[s @s[NRP sVVs=FyV NSLjiNRPVNRPV 3c4
sV yV NSLiVV |msRVRW gRiR 5
xqsLisR=LSVgS NSLjiNRPVNRPV sWqsV, g_V,
xmsoV, s= sLi Ry rysWgji Bs*RLi
[Rs zmsLij. @s[NRP sgRiLSV, xms[ zmsFsmns,
CFsqsH ysV LiRNRPVLiy G RLRiT
|s
rNRPLSs NRPWy @sVV P[xqsVyRVs FyLRiV.
yLRiLi, xmsj L][[gS C DRsWs Td ryLiVVNTP
dxqsVNRPVsysVs, Fs xmsLjixqsRV[sW Fs{qs sVLi
sVsLiVVLixmso NRPLiP[LiR sLRiNRPV RsV FLSLi
AgRiRs Gds= RWsWyV |RLjiLiyLiVV.
q dTqT &=q HysT eTT>TZsT eT.. sT>T] >j\T
@yNR V , ZN F F : syx s[RVNRPNRPV s Agji
Ds xqsV=sV B[y NSLRiV U N]sRLi][ sVVgRiVLRiV sVX
LiRgS.. ALRiVgRiVLjiNTP gSRW\s xqsLixmnsVs sVxW
ssVRLi \|RLS` gSLik AxqsVxmsNTP RLRiLiRgS
VRyLRiLi 6 gRiLiNRPV sVX LijsV FsqsH FyLRiV.
\sL`i B[y NSLRiVsV FsRsV \sxmso JsL`i [N`P P[RV[LiVV
sgRiL`i , @yNRPV sVLiRLi gRiVTLiR }qs NSsLRiLi @RVxmso Rzms xqsV=sV U N]sRLi][ xmssWRLi ][V
bPyLRiV[ ][V P[xqsVNRPVLij. @yNRPV FsqsH bdPsyxqsVV
NRPRsLi xmsNSLRiLi... \|RLS`[s yLiyRVgRiV,
P[xqsVNRPVsV sLSLjiLiyLRiyLRiV. B[y NSLRiV[ sVVRLi
9 sVLij xmsRWLiRgS @LiRV[ s, NRPsW Fyuy,
|msLiTLig`i |msRVRVyLRis As[Rs sNRPLi P[zqsLij. xmnsN`PsVsVNRPV Lijs sNRPVV RWLRiV , sVRsxms , , xL<Ri`NRPV ds gSRWV NSgS sVgRiR LS,
xmsV sxqsLjixqsVy A s[VLRiNRPV zqsLij xqsLisV . N]RN][[ Ljilgi[ @Fn sysNTP LRi[VLiRVNRPV sVrysNRPV xqs* gSRWV NSsRLi][ yLjis NRPWy
|msLiRNRPVLiy xmsVy*V sLRiORPQLi P[xqsVyLiVVs B[y NSLRiVsV dxqsVN]s sVLigRiyLRiLi LS 11 NTPR= ssVRLi gSLik AxqsVxmsNTP RLRiLiysVyLRiV. dsLRiV
ssVLji+LiLij. xms ZaP[RVxqsV= RXuy LSxtsQ gRiLiNRPV RVV[LSLRiV. @yNRPV sVLiRLi [Fny RWLRiV , sVRsxms . N]RN][NRPV Lijs yLRiVgS
sVVsVLi sLis[ xqsLijLi sVVs=xms ys N]j RWLRiLi[ gRi y RgRiLRi Agji Ds xqsV=sV FdxqsVV gRiVLjiLiyLRiV. C xqsLixmnsVs VxqsVNRPVs
NSLjiNRPVV yRV\sVs TsWLiRsV xmsLjixtsQLjiLi, ssNRP sVLiT U N]sRLi][ @LiRV[ xmsRWxqsVs \sL`i NRPVVLi xqsVV suyRLi[ sVVsgji NRPdsLRiV
xqssVsV sLRisVLixms[RWs zqszmsH(RVLi) LSxtsQ }tsQN`P sVzsVW` (35), }tsQN`P sVVLRiN`P (34) @NRPTNRPNRP[ sVVdsLRiRWLRiV. ZNP[xqsV ssWRV P[xqsVN]s RLSxmso
NRPsV N][LjiLij. sVX LiRgS }tsQN`P NRPV ds gSRWV NSsRLi][ NT R= P[xqsVsV ARVs FyLRiV.
8 $jTy& >TsTys+ 13 E 2017

{ n+& ( VVR }m R LR VyL VV)

RsV ORPQsVs }msL]yLRiV. ALRiV sNRPV INRPryLji
G{msNTP LSys ysV NRPWy ALRiV sNRPV INRPryLji Fys
[aRPLi sryss RLiRV }msL]yLRiV. xmsLRixqsLRi xqsLiLi
yV sVLRiVgRiVxmsLRiVRVN][y=s @sxqsLRiLi DLiRs [N][
RLRiVyR @sVLSss lLiLiRs LSysgS P[xqsVN][ys
ARVs zmsVxmsosyLRiV. @sVLSs[ [ |qsLiL`i,
sxmsRV sL][RNRP ssxqs, zmnsN`P LRik sRVLiR, ygRiV
ds xqsLRixmnsLS, sVVLRiVgRiVds FyLRiVR ssxqs GLSVNRPV
Fys sVVLiRVNRPV ssLiRVNRPV y xqsLi][xtsQLigS
DLiRs FyLRiV. @sVLSsc[N][, [N][c@sVLSs
sVR R*LRi[ s[LRiVgS ssWs xqsLki*xqsVV xmss[aRP|msRysVs
ARVs RV[aSLRiV. @sVLSsNTP @LiRgS [N][sV
sVLi @sXj P[RWyLRiV. @sVLSs @sXj][
FyV FyLjiaSsVNRP xmsgRiNTPP xqsRV xqsxNSLSV @Lij Li
P[LiRVNRPV Fys sVVLiRVNRPV LSsRLi sVLi xmsLjisVLi
@yLRiV. Fys FsNRPssVN`P BLiRzqs [` aS sVLi
WxqsVZNP NSgji sWRVRW xqss\lLi LSxtsQ\sVs ALiR
xms[a`PNRPV @ds LRiLigS[ sVVLigS FyysR NRPgjis H,
BsFnyxqsNRPL`i, y LRiLigS[ RsV xmsVR*Li
xqsxNRPLjixqsVLiRs dsV ByLRiV. @sVLSs LSys[
Fys gRiry*sVLi NUPNRP\sVLiRs ysVV @ds N][[
A[Li @sVLSsNTP xmsNSRLigS xqsxNSLRiLi
@LijLiys }msL]yLRiV. LSxtsQLi[ |msVRV\|ms
RsVNRPV sVL][sW[Rs FyLRiV. Fys xmsVR*Li
RLRiVxmsos ALjiNRP, sRVV xqsLiLijLi NRPWy xsVV
Lkis P[RVWRsrysVs @LiW ALiRxms[a`P[ sVV
sVLigS RLiRVyRVVRVNRPV Ds sssV Fys
sVLi @sLijLiyLRiV.
T\ y<+! ( VVR }m R LR VyL VV)
dsVLig` , xmsN`P |mnszqs DLiLiVV. @[sRLigS sVW][
y VgR V LR L gS[ xq x NSLR L @LiRxqsV[ 20 N][LRiVV, T yLiLRiV, sLiVVLig` , yVg][
NSgS yVgRiV LRiLigS[ sVWRV xqsLisR=LS FyV x- @LixqsxqsV[ dmns zqsqs N][LRiV, yLiL`i, T dsVLig`i DLi[
qsxNSLSsNTP Fys C xqsLiRLRiLigS @LigkiNRPLjiLiLij. T\sV zqsRLi P[aSLRiV. @|qsLiNTP xqsLiLijLi g_Li` FnL`i[
@sVLSss @sXj P[RVRLi][FyV FyLjiaSsVNRP yVgRiV gSVgS sLSV DLiLiVV. aSxqssxqs, aSxqss
NRPxtsQLRiV, zqsN`P ssL`i, sWssssLRiV @sXj, ryL`i sVLiR, xmsLjiFyy yLiLRiV, {msxmso= }msqs sLjiryLRiV. sVVR,
FssLki LRiLigRiLi[ Fys LSuysNTP @LiRgS sssVLij. lLiLi][ @LiRxqsV[ {qsNRPL` , sVLiR \PLRis, zqsFsLi, xmsxmsORPQs[R
LSys FyLiysNTP xqsLiLijLi [|qsLiL`i, N_` yLiLRiV, sVLiRV yLiLRiV DLiLiVV. sVW][ FnL`i[ \Lki,
NRPLixmspLig`i FyFnyLi, LSyL`i y*LS sxmsRV sL][RNRP dsVLig`i =, 4,5,6 FnL`i[ xmsLjiFyy ssLS
ssxqs, zmnsN`P LRik sRVLiR, ygRiVds xqsLRixmnsLS, sVVLRiV NSLSRWV DLi[ sRLigS ANRPXRVsV yLRisFxqsL`i=
gRiVds FyLRiVR ssxqsNRPV Fys xqsxNSLRiLi @LijLiR LRiWF~LijLiLij.
sVLij. @sVLSs[ LSsVs ss sgRiLSNRPV BsxmnslLi[ \|N][LRiV sLSsNTP xqsLiLijLis T\ssV \|N][LRiV xm ys
xtsQs, NRPsVWsZNP[xtsQs LRiLigS GLSV\|ms ryyryysV yRV sVWLjiNTP RWzmsLi lLiLiRV L][[ RVj T\sV
xmsLjibdPLiRsVLij. {qsAL`iTG FyLiysNTP xqsdsVNRPXR zmnsN`P, @LijLiys zqsFsLi RLiR V yRVVRV yLRisFxqsL`i=
LRiy s*sxqs\|ms @yRVsLi P[RVsVLij. LSxtsQ xmsVR* xmssRVNRPV xqsWLiyLRiV. |qs|msLiL`i 15 yNTP BLiLjiRV LjixqsVs zqsqs zqs LSsVs NSLi[ LiNSLig`i, LiRs sgRiLS gRiVLiVLiRs FyLRiV. LSys FyLiRLi[ sLjiLiP[ xms
@LRis s[VLRiNRPV rL`i, zqs [s FssVFsHNRPV NRPlLi[xtsQs][ FyV RVj T\ssV @LijrysVs yLRisFxqsL`i= zqss[ Rs @xtsQs @yLRiV. ksN][xqsLi s=L` NRPRLi @RVRLigS DLiys A sxtsQRVLi[ FsNRPy
sVRRVgS sssVLij. sRVNRPV xqsLiLijLi Fys xmssRVV zqsFsLi RLiRVNRPV FyLRiV. VRyLRiLi RVWssLji=Li xm sVV xqsLixqsV xmsxmsLiR xmszqsj F~Lijs LSxms[j[Rs zqsFsLi RLiRV xqsxtsQLiP[aSLRiV. xms[ BxmsZNP[
LiN`P xmnsL`i BLiL`is[xtsQs N][xmslLi[xtsQs, ALiRxms[a`P sVR sVVsVLi RLiRVyRVVRV sRVyR[s Rs NSLims Gds=sV A*sLiRsVsV sTLiyLRiV. xmsxmsLiRLi[ LSys\|ms @LiRyV LjigS |msLjigSRVs G][ INRP LSys
xqsxNSLSs BLRiVxmsOSQV ry*gRiLiyLiVV. C NSLRiNRPsVLi NSLSRVLi[ yLRisFxqsL`i= xmssRV][ [ @RWLRiV. C @RVRsV yRV sR, yRV xqsx @sVLSs[ ][LRiVNRPV sLjiLiysVNRPVLi[ BLiRgS aRPsVLiy=s @sxqsLRiLi [RyLRiV.
[ LSxtsQ @jNSLRiVV, FyLjiaSsVNRPs[RNRPV sVR RLRiV xqsLiRLRiLigS yLRisFxqsL`i= xmssRVV @|qsLid, \|N][LRiV RVLiRs ss NRPgSyLRiV. xmsLjiFyy sgRiLSsNTP sLRis xmsxmsLiRLi[s[ HRV @RRsV sgRiLS[ @sVLSss INRPgS
LjigSLiVV. C [[ sVVLiRVgS @sVLSs sZaP[uysV syNRPV xqsLiLijLis ANRPXRVsV zqsFsLi RLiRVNRPV NRPXuy sjNTP @sVVLigS sLjiLiRsVs zqs}qsL`i @sVLSs sFys[ Rs ORPQsVs FyLRiV. C xqsLiRLRiLigS sVV =xms
Fys XLiysNTP {qsAL`iTG zmss=xms |qsNRPLki @V\s xqsssLRiLigS xmsRLji+LiyLRiV. ]VR \|N][LRiV N][xqsLi zqsRLi P[zqss sgRiLSsNTP xmsys ANRPLRi<gS sys FyLRiV. As[VLRiNRPV aS sVLi yLSRV Bs, sRWLSRVxmspL`i, gSLiksgRiL`i,
ssLjiLiyLRiV. sNSLRi ss T\ssV xmsLjibdPLis ARVs C T\ssV ANRPXRVsV zqsRLi P[RWs yLRisFxqsL`i= XLiysNTP RLiUgRiL`i sgRiLS[ Ljizmss xmsLRis ssLSsV zqsFsLi
@|qsLidNTP sWLSs xqsWLiyLRiV. @|qsLidN][xqsLi LRiWF~LijLis xqsWLiyLRiV. sVVsVLi, gRisLRiL`i @jNSLRi syrysV RLiRVNRPV ssLjiLiyLRiV. ]VR yLRisFxqsL`i= XLiRLi
VRxqsWxmsLi @NRPXs, \|N][LRiV N][xqsLi sWLRiV P[RWs FyLRiV. zqs}qs*L`i[ L][\sxmso DLi[ yLRisFxqsL`i= T\s P[zqsLij. sVLi RVssV LSsVNRPXxtsQVT][ [ @LiVVLij. LSsVs L][[

k~k+~! ( VVR }m R LR VyL VV)

xmsVR*Li FsLizmsNRP P[zqs bPORPQ BLij. W FnyN`P @s[
xqsLixqs dsLjiNTP bPORPQ Bs*gS, |qsL`i aS FsLiyLiVV` FnsV,
V xmsLizms P[zqsLij. xmsL][ slLi[bPLis xmsRNRPLi\|ms
sVVgRiVLRiV yLRiVsV xqs*RVLigS NRPsRLi, xmsRNRPLi
VVNRP @sVV[ BLiRVsV VxqsVN][sRLi, sLi
sRVsV sLRi*zxqsVyLRiV. @[ sRLigS s[xtsQs
BslLi[N`P= |qsLiL`i LRiWF~LijLis RWms y*LS L][
|qsL`i xmsys NSLSRWsNTP ss[jNRPsV xmsLixmsoRVyLRiV.
]VR sXyxms zmsLiRs xqsNRPsV xmsLizms\|ms ZOP[QRryLiVV[NTP
ss BLilLi ryjV [ LRiRV @sLiRLRiLi NStsQ qs
y[ds\|ms xms[ @sgSxs NRPLiyLRiV. sVVRLi 620
sVLiR[ 8142 sVLij BLilLi ryjV
xmssP[xqsVyLRiV. sgRiRV LRizR y[ds\|ms 6,72,602
sVLijNTP @sgSxs NRPLiyLRiV. BLilLi ryjV xmsLi}ms
ss[jNRP[ xmsRNS @sVV[ xmsLi LjigjisV @szms}qs
sLis[ ZNP[LiR NSLSRVLi sVLi @jNSLRiVV s
xqssVxqssV xmsLjixtsQLjiLiRRLi LRiVgRiVRVLij. xmsRNS
@sVV[ s[gRiLi |msLiRRLi[ NSs @LijxmsoRVN]s
RWxqsVNRPVFRVs BLilLi ryjV xmsxqsVRLi kxmsLi
xmsRNRPLi\|ms L][ ZOP[QRryLiVV[ xmsLRixqsVyLRiV.
C xmsRNRPLi N][xqsLi 17,522 sVLij ryjV, 95,716
BNRPV s gSqs ssWgRiLi\|ms ss[jNRPV xmsLiFyLRiV. NSxmso
NSL]lLi[xtsQsNRPV xqsLiLijLi 58,526 RVWsV
sVLi\lLi[ BxmsyNS 32,079 RVWssV gRiVLjiLiLij sys RWzqs RsNRPV BNRPR yRVLi LRiVgRiVRVLiRs ss
BLilLi ryj[. Fs{qs=, Fs{qs N][xqsLi LSxtsLi[ LSxtsQ
xmsVR* Ds xmsRNSs @sVV P[xqsVyLiVV. ks N][xqsLi sxmsVRVLiRyLRiV. @sVLSs[s ss sgRiLS[ gRiLigS
1,28,717 sVLij yLRiVV DLiRgS \ sVVR
yLRiLi yZNP[ 86,951 sVLijs gRiVLjiLiyLRiV. @[ sRLigS x-
qs*R LRi` N][xqsLi bdPNSNRPVLi, sRVsgRiLRiLi, [
LRiVgRiVRVyLRiV. NSs @LijxmsoRVNRPVs 10, BLiL`
sLRiNRPV Rjss RVVsRVV LSxtsQ xmsVR*Li slLi[bPLis x-
qssWLiRLRi sxmnsW ssxqs y*LS sNRPV LRiW.5 s[VyNS
xqsLiFyjxqsVyLRiV. ]VR |qsL`i aS sVgRiV xmsRNRPLi y*LS
sVz ALjiNRP zqsLRiR*Li N][xqsLi LRiWF~LijLiLij. gRiWxmso
sxqsLRi][ yLji xmsLjiys NRPWy ssWgjiLiP[ NRPsVLi[
xmsV NSLRiNRPsWsV FyLRiLiLiLij. RRVsoNRPVs
RVVsRVsV FR=zLiLij. xmsxqsVRLi Fys @Liy
As\s xmsR[ rygRiVRVLiRRLi][ xqsWORPQ ryLiVV[
xmsRNS @sVV\|ms sVVsVLi A[bPLis s[xmsRLi[
|qsL`i aS BLilLi ryj ssxqssV LRiWF~LijLiLij.
dsLjis[ s[ T @zqs|qsLiVgS NRPWy zmsVxqsVyLRiV.
ALiRxms[a`P xmsV FsLi][ sV\ss N][zsWL`i ss
Fg]VNRPVyLRis, BxmsRV ys @|qsLid ss LRiWxmsLi[
RWxqsVNRPVs xqsLi][ztsQryLRis zqsFsLi RLiRV ysLiyLRiV.
xqsWxmsLi xqsLi][uysNTP xsVs yRVLi LjigjisxmsV[ FssLji\ZNPy
xqsLi][xtsQLi NRPVgRiVRVLiRyLRiV. N][LRiV gRiVsVLi ]NTPs xms sNTP C
@LiVV[ ys @NRPR sVLi sWLji NRPXuysj dLSs sLjiLiP[
T\s P[RWs zqsFsLi RLiRV yLRisFxqsL`i= XLiysNTP
FyLRiV. zqs}qs*L`i ALjiNRP NSLRiNRPFyNRPV ALisgS @|msR
yZNP[LiRLigS sys[ Rs D[aRPsVs xqsxtsQLi P[aSLRiV.
BNRPR lLirylLiLi=, x[=, uyzmsLig`i sW=, zqsssWV,
aSxqssxqs ryy xqsLi |msLjilgi[ @sNSaRPLi DLiRs, BLiRVNRPV
@sVgRiVLigS T\sV , sLSLi Ljilgi[ RWys sVLi
RVssV xqsWLiyLRiV. C xqssWs[aRPLi[ {qsNRPL`i N][ bPsxm-
sryRLSso, xmsVR* xmsys NSLRiRLji+ js[tsQNRPVsWL` , zqsFsLi[
xms[NRP xm ys NSLRiRLji+ xqsdtsQRLiR, zqsFsLi sVV NSLRiRLji+
rL`i=, LjiNTP[VxtsQs |qsLiL`i=, NRPs*s<s |qsLiL`i= DLiyyLRiV. ryLiVVxmsry`, @Rsxmso NSLRiRLji+ LSs, zqsAL`iTFs
NRPgSyLRiV. @LiRVZNP[ C ANRPX \|N][LRiV xqsLjigS zqs}qs*L`iNRPV sP[yLjiNTP xms INRP DLiRVs ss NRPlgi[ sVVNSLRiRLji+ @V\s, zqsAL`iTFs NRPsVxtsQsL`i bdPRL`i, FsTzqs
DLiyyLRiV. ks FsLiR saSLigS GLSV P[}qs @LiR zqsFsLiT OUPQFyLRiryLRij RjRLRiVV FyyLRiV.
|ue+ #| ><&
k>TTq j
sVV{mns sWxW VRyLRiLi }msL]yLRiV. RsVsV GLi P[RV[ @sVL`iy` RWNRPV\|ms sVVxtsQLRi yT Ljilgi[ @sNSaRPLi
NRPs[, @sVL`iy` RWNRPV\|ms DgRiyRVV zmsLjiNRPxmsLiR RLRiNRPV DLiRs lLiLiRVyLS NTPRs[V BLis=sLSV |RLjiNRPV Lki
FyyLRiyLRiV. DgRi dR=Li\|ms @ssLS sVLi ss xqsLiR P[zqssV xqsLiLijR @jNSLRiVV sTLiyLRiV. Hd |RLjiNRPsV
ssV AsV ry*gRiLiyLRiV. @sWRVNRP RWNRPVsV F~sV {qsLjiRVqsgS dxqsVN]s DLi[ yT Ljigji DLi[j NSRs, A GRVgRiVLRiV
( VVR }m R LR VyL VV) N][sRLi yNRPLRisVyLRiV. y xqsLisR=LS RLS*R NRPbdPLki NRPVV FyV N][[[VyLRiV NSRs FyLRiV. rsVyLRiLi
sVVdsL`is dsVTRWNRPV FyLRiV. BryLiVV][ FyV sVL][ RVVV, INRP @LiaRPLi\|ms GNRPsVRWLRiyLRiV. LSxtsLi[ sVR LS @sLi`yg`i FyLiRLi[ DgRiyRV yT RLS*R
sVVgRiVLRiV C yRVNRPV FyTsV ssLjiLiyLRiV. NSV[ NRPV xqsXztsQLiRRs[V, DgRiyRV xmsys ORPQsVs Fy LRiV. BLis= sxtsQRVLi RVNRPV sLij. s 25s [ks Hd][
sVLRiLis sVVgRiVLRiV dsyRVV z sVVLiVVksNRPV NRPbdPL`i xmsLiy FsLi][ xqsLiRVsVsLi][ DyLRis, @LiRV P[Rs[ }qs sVdcGds= N][ALjis[xtsQs, {qsAL`i{msFsmns, sVW NRPbdPL`i FdxqsV
Lijs yLRis sTLiyLRiV. sVXLijs dsyRV[ s[` LSxtsLi[ FsVsLi g]RsV LRigRi[Rs FyLRiV. BLiRVNRPV @jNSLRiV sVR xqssWs[aRPLi LjigjiLij. C xqsLiRLRiLigS
\|tsQN`P, ysp` @x` r{mns, @NUP* gRiVgS gRiVLjiLisV ALki xmsNRPV ysV xms[NRPLigS RsyyV VxmsoRVsV FyLRiV. @sVL`iy` RWR\|ms DgRiyT Ljilgi[ @sNSaRPLi DLiRs H
DsyjNSLRiVV FyLRiV. BLiTRVs ALkiNTP Lijs {qsAL`i{msFsmns, DgR yT NT LR xq gS xq *R L R L ` @jNSLRiVV |RLjiLisV xqssWyLRiLi.
NRPbdPL`i FdxqsV, LS{tsQRV \lLizmns= xqsLiRVVNRPLigS AxmslLi[xtsQs sVVxtsQLRi yRV s[xmsRLi[ VRyLRiLi sVW NRPbdPL`i FyN` \|q L NS V V... BR LR V LR R y VX
sLRi*zLisV ssLjiLiyLRiV. @LiR saRP*zLiRW xmsLjixtsQ`, s[xtsQs FyLiRL`i= FyLki, s[xtsQs yRWj FyNTPrys xqsLjixRV lLi[ sR sVL][ryLji NRPs*Lixmso
yT V Lj gj y... L L [ [ @L V NR L NSslLi[s=, NSLilgiqs FyLki Li` FyLiyLiVV. xmsxgRisV[s RLRiNRPV FyTLij. DgRiyRV yT Ljigjis sVLRiVxqs L][[ A
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FyhRiaS[ @TxtsQssV {qs*NRPLjixqsVsV gRiVLRiVNRPV dxqsVNRPVLiVLiRyLRiV. }qs zqsqs [ ALigRi sy[Rs
FyhRiaS NSL]lLi[xtsQs NSLRiRLji+ NRPXxtsQsWxs FyLRiV. LRiVgRiVRVLiRyLRiV. C [Vyj sVL][ 9 gRiVLRiVNRPV
NSLRiNRPFyV sLRi*zLiRsVLij. C s[VLRiNRPV ARVs ALiRxms][ xms[NRPLigS sWRVRW FyhRiaSsV FyLRiLixqsVysVs @LiRV[ 6 gRiVLRiVNRPV
BxmsZNP[ bdP zqs[ 15 Fys NRPLi|msdsV zqs xqsLiZOP[QsV aS gRiVLRiVNRPV[ P[xmsRVRVs xmsV @sXj FyhRiaSsV sVR=NSLRi zms N][xqsLi GLRiV P[xqsVLiRgS
Ds s[xmsRLi[ [ RsV yFyLRi
NSLRiNRPsWsV ssLjiLiyLRiV. xmsxqsVRLi ryLi{mnsVNRP xqsLiZOP[QsV sVgjis sVWRV AsLiRxmsoLRiLi [ FyLRiLixqsVyV
y[dssV sxqsLjiLiRsVLij. Bj aS[ syLRiVNRPV @LijxqsVs [ VN`P=, NSrN`P=, FyLRiV. sWRsLigS sLjixqsVs gRiVLRiVNRPV FyhRiaSV
DLiRgS ALiRxms[a`P[ RsV
` ztsQ=][ FyV @sLRiNS rNRPLRisV AaSNRPV sysV bdPNSNRPVLi [s @LiFV[ ,xmsNSaRPLi
NSLRiNRPFyV sxqsLjiLiP[ jaRPgS BxqsV xqsLjixqssWsLigS zqs xqsLiZOP[QsV gRiVLRiVNRPV[s syLRiVNRPV NR- [s s[FyLi[, sWLRiV [sg][gRisVWT,
sWL`i= NRPLi|msds, BLiTRW Fs{qsds
PWy C sy xqsLisR=LRiLi sVLi @LijxqsVsV NRPRxms [s sLiRWsLRiV,ss|msLi, AsLiRxmsoLRiL
FyNRPV }msLji ALiRxms[a`P[ FyLRiV. 2016c17 sy xqsLisR=LRiLi[ 96.11aSRLi [s LSsVgjiLji, DLRisN]LiR,
NSLRiNRPFyV sxqsLRiNRPV sVVLiRVNRPV
DdLRiR ryjLiysVyLRiV. syLRiV DdLRiR aSRLi \|ms LSRVRVLRiLi,gRiVTLiR,gRiVRsW,RWLRiV [s
LSsRLi LjigjiLij. xms[NRPaRPR dxqsVNRPVLiVsV FyLRiV. gRiVLRiVNRPV[ DRRV sVNRPLi[ sLjiLisV NRPXxtsQsWxs
ALiRxms[a`PNRPV, FysNRPV Lijs
RNRPVs LRiV][ @jNRPLigS ds RWsWsLi Rjs[ syLRiV xqsLiZOP[QsVs[V ] GLiygS xmss ssLjiLiyLRiV.
\|zqs xmnsLi` FyNRPVsV NRPWy NUPNRP
xmsRs sRVLiLiP[ NSs C xqsLixqs gRiry*sVLi NSsVLij. xmssVV @LiRLSdRV
LRiWF~LijrLij. LSys sLSLi[
gRiLigS B[s[s LRiLigRiLi[ @LiRLSdRV
s @LjiLis xmnsQp FsNTPN`P NRPLi|msds
|msVRV sjs sLRi*zxqsVs [Hzqs
ALiRxms[a`P[ sVVLigS @sVLSsNTP
@sxqsLRi\sVs sRVsV xqsdsVNRPLjiLiP[LiRVNRPV
dm+ \T *|q T& #sH
gRiry*sVLi NS[RVLij. G{ms N][xqsLi sVVLiRVNRPV LSsRLi LjigjiLij. NSgS @sVLSs
sVVLigS LSys N][xqsLi ryL`i dsVLRi LSys sLSLi N][xqsLi FysNRPV Lijs @ VLS , AL R xm : Bs LRiVxms
xmsWgSsNTP C xqsLixqs bdPNSLRiLi RVRVRVLij. Hzqs NRPWy sVVLiRVNRPV LSsRLi LjigjiLij. @LRissmssVLi @yLji (RVy)\LRisgS sRVsV
AzmsNRP \|mnsL`i][ NRPWTs LjiRV \sV FsgRiVsVRVNRPV xqsLiLijLis LRiVV xmsyxqs RV\s sLji+LixRWRs VRyLRiLi sVVsVLi
FyxmsjNRPs ryL`i dsVLRiV xmssP[}qs ssxqsNRPV |msVRVV @sVLSs smssVLi RLiRV yRVVRVs NRPryLRiV. RsNRPV RVy \PLRis
xmnsQp FsNTPN`P= @LiNRPVLSLRi P[RVsVLij. sqs NSL]lLi[xtsQsNRPV ALjiNRP sVRRV sLi @LiaS\|ms xmsRs Bs*RLi][FyV FyLki xmsys NSLRiRLji+gS
ALisgS sP[LiRVNRPV [Hzqs sVVLiRVNRPV sRVsVLisLiRVNRPV NRPXRRV RV[aSLRiV.
N]R LSys][ FyV G{ms[s ssR LSsRLi LjigjiLij. @[ sRLigS @sVLSs @sLiRLRiLi ARVs dsVTRW][ sWRVRW
FyLiysV [FsmnsC BLidsLjiLig`i NSL]lLi[xtsQs LSys xmsLjij[ gRisLRisVLi NSLi|msN`P= xmsxmsLiRryLiVV sgRiLRiLigS LRiVxmss @sXj P[}qsLiRVNRPV
xmsNRP LRiRs P[RVsVLij. sVLjiRVV LSys sLSLi sxtsQRVLi[ sVVsVLi RLiRV yRVVRV NRPXztsQ P[xqsVyLRis
@sVLSs, NSNTPyR zqs sLi @LiRLSdRV NS][ sNRP sxqsRV N]sRWyLRiV. BxmsZNP[ ZNP[LiRxmsVR*Li LRiVxms
FyLiysV C NRPLi|msds FyNRPV\|ms @RRVsLi NRPsNRPV FysZNP[ Lijs xqsVsV[sW sgRiLSs ryL` zqsgS xmsNRPLiLiRyLRiV. sVVsVLi
NSL]lLi[xtsQs sVVLiRVNRPV LSsRLi LjigjiLij. sP[ RLiRV yRVVRV RWLRiV s FsNSsN`P xgS RVy xmsLjij[s 4sWNRPsLS @sXjNTP Rs sLiRV
LSxtsQLi[s FssZNPAL`i BszqsW Amns \|qss= lLiLiRVslLi[[ LRiR xmsVR*Li Fys LRiWF~LijLiP[LiRVNRPV xmsNRPV zqsRLi P[aSLRis FyLRiV. NRPXztsQ P[ryss sLji+LixRWRs }msL]yLRiV.
NS[ NRPaSsV xmsVR*Li sVR sRV ssxqsNRPV
FyLRiLiLiP[LiRVNRPV Fys sVVLiRVN]Lij. @sVxqsLiysLi P[RVRLi sLi xmsV
ALiRxms[a`P Fys xmsN`Pc \|mss[ xqsLiRVVNRP
gRiry*sVLi][ C N][LRiV=sV \|mssV s[Vs
xqsLixqs sP[ sy xqsLisR=LRiLi sVLi
NSLRiNRPFyNRPV C NSL]lLi[xtsQs sVVLiRVNRPV
LSsRLi LjigjiLij. NSgS ss 2050 [
gRiLigS LRiy, zmnsN`P ssxqsNRPV jaSslLi[aRPLi
$|T\|
s+&TsE\ D
13 qT+ 16 es
xmsRVyV
FyLRiLiLiRsVLij. yFyLRi gRiry*sWsNTP
xqsLiLijLi BxmsZNP[ sWTd, @xy`,
sVVLiLiVV. LigRiVLRiV, s^[
P[RVRLi[ gRiLigS G{ms {qsALkiGNRPV FysNRPV
Lijs \NS @RLiR FyysR BrLij. @ VLS , AL R xm : LSxtsQ
sxmsRV sLRi*xaS AR*LRiLi[
> <X |sq
lLiLiRVL][FyV xmssWyV c
sVVLiRxqsV gRiR\|ms sWN`P T sLRi* @|mHsY{ n<&T s$
nTq |eD\ zLiRsVyLRiV. gRiVLRiV, aRPVNRPyLS[
@ VLS c AL R xm : ALiRxms[a`P
Ljilgi[ C sWN`PT=[ TxqsL`i

eT]+ bs<s bH |D b+\T s[Vs[ sVLi @jNSLRiV][FyV

u\ k\u+ d+ s uw mdtm+mdt\T: sTeT\ Cy oydsE
LR V V (ZN F F xm j ): LRiVsV[
sWRsLigS GLSV P[zqss [ZNPs sVLiLRiV N_LiLRi
y*LS gRiRV ZNP[LiVVLixmso[ sVLjiLiR FyLRiRLRi+NRPR
dxqsVN]rysVs LRiVsV [C[ $syxqsLS FyLRiV.
NRPVV gRiRV N][xqsLi NRPW[ FsNRPVs }qsxmso s[ DLiRNRPVLiy
VRyLRiLi sVLi @LiRVV[NTP dxqsVN]s [ZNPs
sVLiLRiV N_LiLRisV [C[ xmsLjibdPLiyLRiV. ZNP[LikRV
syLRi NSLSRVLi sR N_LiLRisV xmsLjibdPLi Lji|qsxms<s,
BTzms @jNSLRiVNRPV xmsV xqsWRsV P[aSLRiV. C
xqsLiRLRiLigS [C[ s[NRPLRiV][ sWRVRW C
N_LiLRi[ NRPVV sVVR ssWRV P[xqsVN][y=
DLiVLiRs, BLiRVN][xqsLi NRPVV s[sVVR][FyV
AyL`i, RsV sLi dxqsVN]s |qsFns sLiLRiVsV
xqssVLjiLiy= DLiVLiRs FyLRiV. gRiRVV
ZNP[LiVVLiP[sLRiNRPV NRPVV NRPW[ s[ DLiy=s
@sxqsLRiLi [RyLRiV. @LiRVV[ Ds gRiRVsV
sVVR ss sVVR @s[ FyxmsjNRPs
ZNP[LiVVrysVyLRiV. gRij sVLi\lLis RLRiVyR
xqsLiLijR xqssWyLSs NRPV |qs sLiLRiVNRPV
FsqsFsLiFsqs y*LS RV[rysVs, @LRigRiLi[xmso
NRPVV @sVLi N_LiLRiNRPV s gRiRVV F~Liy=
DLiVLiRs ssLjiLiyLRiV. @LRigRiLi[xmso gRiRVV F~LiRs
xmsORPQLi[ A RLRiVyR {qsLjiRV sLiLRiV gRi NRPVNRPV
ZNP[LiVVrysVyLRiV. ARW FyLiy NRPVNRPV
@LRisV[VLiRVNRPV dsVgS R*LRi[ VgRiV, RsVLi,
FssTAL`iFsmns, lLissW, \|mnsL`i,
Fss[V FyLiLRiV. NRPXuy
ys lLizqsLi VgRiV ( G{msFssAL`i) xm-
s @rzqs[VxtsQs @RORPRV, LSxts
xmsVR* xqsyLRiV yNRPL`i s[sVWLji LRis
+<|u +]+> n|sY &|P{ ][ FyLRiLisV[V C bPORPQ, Cs 13 sVLi 16s [k sLRiNRPV gRi
[aS[ xmsLRiLiRsVyLRis @rzqs[VxtsQs
&ssY eTd VsC sWN`PT= NSLRiNRPsWV 9 [
zmsLij. C xqsLiRLRiLigS ARVs gRi
N]srygRiVyLiVV. sVVLiRV gS
xqssVVRdLRi FyLiy\s ygSRV [aS[ DLiVs VgRiV yLji][
xms[NTPLi xqssWs[aRP\sV yLRiV FsRVL]Li
@ VLS , AL R xm : xms @sXj[ RsV [aRPLi @gRigSsVgS LiNRP, FsRVLRiV sVVLiT [ C
DLiRs Fys xmsVy*V BLidsLjiLig` sgRiLi Txmsp \lLiNRPL`i sLRi NSLRiNRPsWV LRiVgRiV yLiVV. C Vs xqssVxqs\|ms RLjiLiRRLi][FyV
ALiRxms[a`P xmsyxqs LRidRVV xqsLiZOP[QsVLi, @sXj Fy{qsNTP xqsLiLijLi NR-
@LiVVs NRPsVxqs zL][ @yLRiV. sVVLigS @LRis smssVLi[ bPORPQ[ xmsysLigS syLRiVV,
gRiLigS aSxqsQ ssLi, NUPRV, @RVsR ryLiZNP[NRP xmssWNRPV |msR{ms RL`i=sV gRiry*sVLi P[xqsVyLRiV. PWy ARVs @NRPT xmsyxqs LRidRVV][ xqsVkLRiLigS RLjiryLRiV. C Fy{qs
s NRPlgi[ ,suy\|ms LRis xmsyxqs LRidRVV][ NRPWLiNRPxtsQLigS RLjiLi,
s[RVRLi LjigjiLiRs sTLiyLRiV. VRyLRiLi ARVs ALiRxms xmssj][ sxmsRV @Li[ sLRiRV,
sWRVRW RsV [aRPLi[ NUPRNRPV gS FyysR NRPLiysVs kLi][ AN- RVFnysVV, WNRPLiFyV, Lki G{msNTP sVLjis |msVRVsV A*sLiP[LiRVNRPV NRPXztsQ P[ryLRi zmsLij. C
xqsLiRLRiLigS ARVs @sxqsLRi\sV[ @NRPT xmsyxqs LkidRVV][ yLji xqsL
RPL<RiRV FyLiyVgS xms GLjiRWV LRiWxmsojRVNRPVyRVs }msL]yLRiV. sL<SV sLis xqsLi sLisxmsVRV
sVVLigS [N][[s zqsLiNRPV xms FyLiRLi BLiRVNRPV sRLRi+ssVyLRiV. ys G FsRV L]y @s[ ZOP[QsWsNTP xqsLiLijLi N]s IxmsLiysV NRPWy P[xqsVNRPVs[ @sNSaRPLi DLiRs
@rzqs[VxtsQs }msL]sj. FssAL`i LSxts @sXj[ @s sy
[qs }qsTRVLi @RVRLigS DLiRs G 500 CsLiV LRiVgRiVyRVs @LiaRPLi][FyV sVVLi[ xmssWy
@[ sRLigS AL][gSs |msLiF~LijLiP[LiRVNRPV FLRiV N][xqsLi BRLRi sxqsRVV NR- sVLi G sRLigS RzmsLiRVN][ys gRiry*sWs NRPgji DLiVLiRs @rzqs[VxtsQs xqsxtsQLi P[zqsLij.
NRPsR, zLik xtsQ[ FsqsFsLiFsqsV xmsLixmsoysVyLRiV. PWy }qsTRVLi[ NRPLiysVs }msL]yLRiV. 2020[ [N][[ ILizmsN`P, @s[ NUPNRP @LiaSsV C bPORPQ[
NRPVV ds\sLiR R*LRigS gRiRVV d P[zqs sVgjis yLjiNTP
@sNSaRPLi NRPLiys C xqsLiRLRiLigS [C[ N][LSLRiV.
FyLSLizms lgi[sV=sV sLRi*zLiRsVLiRRLi INRP xqsysNSaRPsVyLRiV. C
s[xmsRLi[ ILizmsN`P NUPR RXuy xmsosLjiLSLi LRiVgRiVRVLiRs N]RgS
sxmsoVV ssLjiryLRiV. kLi][FyV
ARW FyhRiaS[ sxmsRV sVsV
d+eT Vd
As\s @y*sV= VNTPLig`i P[xqsVNRPVs gRiRVV F~Lijs
NRPVV sVVLiRxqsVgS d P[}qs N]LiR r~sVVsV Ljigji
xqsVsV FyLRiV. NSgS ILig][VNRPV Lijs xmsNStsQ
s[xtsQs }qsTRVLisV sLjixqsVysVs FyLRiV. xLjiR xLRiLi][ NRPWTs C
}qsTRVLisV @s xLigRiVV xqssVNRPWLRiVxqsVysVs gRiVLRiV P[aSLRiV. C
zqsRLi P[ryLRiV. @Li[ @NRPR Ds
syLRiVV, DFyyRVVNRPV
sxmsRV\|ms bPORPQ B yLji[
=qk>TTq @d; F\T
xqsLiRLRiLigS ARVs rygS[s ][xqsV, RVsVgRi[s Ws[y,
@s[ NRPVRV sWRVRW gRiRV ZNP[LiVVLixmso N][xqsLi [ZNPs CLRiNTP[s xqsVNRPV[ Ds NUPy FyLigRisV DRxLjiLiyLRiV. xms RVLRiVgS DsyLjis gRiVLjiLi INRP V&*bTq Vd d+eT n~sT\T
sVLiLRiV P[RVRLi y gRiVLiRyLRiV. NRPW[ FyLiR\sVs xqsVNRPV[ \|qss= zqss sLjiLiysVs FyLRiV. sVsV zqsRLi P[ryLRiV.
FsNRPVs }qsxmso s[ DLiRNRPVLiy FyLRiRLRi+NRPLigS gRijs &| ]ksY s\jT+ F\T
ZNP[LiVVLiRRLi xqsLi][xtsQsVs FyLRiV. C NRPsVLi[ @ VLS ,
T FsqsBc2 LSsVRLiylLiT, s= FLRiV FsLi
ZaP[uylLiT, Lji|qsxms<s TxmspBJ xLkiLiRy`, LRi&Ws=,
Y $T{\ jeT+| AL R xm : ryLizmnsVNRP
BTzms s[Vs[L`i xqsL`i, JFsqsT xmsry` BRLRi
DsyjNSLRiVV FyyLRiV. |<~sT\T X< #b* xqsLiZOP[QsV xqs[
@sds sL][RNRP aS
(G{qsd)
RsdV N]srygRiV
RWs[ DyLiVV. sy
ANRPzqsNRP

sw+ ~y+>T\ m\T @^e+
@ VLS , AL R xm : ALiR
xms[a`P LSxtsQLi[s jyLigRiV FssNRP
GNRPgkisLi @LiVVsV FssNRP @jNSLji,
xms s, sVWgRi lLizqss<RV
xqsW zmss=xms .sLiNRP[aRP*LRiV xmsNRPLiyLRiV.
LSxtsQLi[s 13 @RORPVV, xmsys NSLRiRLRiV+V
FssNRP N][xqsLi jyLigRiV xqsLiZOP[QsV xqsLixmnsVLi
sRVyR[ FssNRPV sLRi*zLiRRLi LjigjiLiRs LSxtsQ
@RORPVTgS {qs sV}tsQ FsLizms\ZNPsV FssNRP @jNSLji
}msL]yLRiV. jyLigRiV xqsLiZOP[QsV xqsLixmnsV ] FssNRPV
GNRPgkisLigS LRigRiRLi ysNTP ysV FssNRP @jNSLjigS
;C| CrjT dV d+|TH s<] d+wt Jmd qT+ >H{, sVVs
AyRWsNTP sVLis
sLRiNRPV
ed |]XeT\qT =\+#\ ]q H\T AxqsV\|ms yRVV,
LiysyLS xmss[
sw n<&> DLiRRLi FsLi][ gRiLRi*LigS DLiRs
FyLRiV.
R[ gS Ds G{qsd..DsVLiT ryLizmnsVNRP xqsLiZOP[QsV aS xqs=[
ANRPzqsNRP RsdNRPV bdPNSLRiLi RVRLi][ xqs s}mnsL`i @jNSLRiVV
d.eTVwt m+| Fss\ZNPs jyLigRiV xqsLixmnsVLi 2020 xRFRVyLRiV. FsxmsVsLRiV s RsdV LRiVxmsoyL][ss[ RVLi][
sLRiNRPV @jNSLRiLi[ DLiVLiRs L][ RLRi xqs sVVLi RWRs yLRiV syLRiV xqsLiZOP[QsVLi\|ms
@RORPVVgS zqs.sV}tsQ DFyRORPVVgS zms.sV[aRP*LRiLSso, RXztsQryLjiLiyLRiV. G{qsd @jNSLRiV Rsd[ RsVNRPV slLi[NRPLigS
Fs.NTPuL`i, .sV[NRPVsWL`i, FsqsT.LRi{mns, G.\sxtsQs, F~RLiW syLRiVsV @sVsLiVVLiP[ xmssV[ yLRiV ssVgRi\sVsV
GLi.sVOTPQ FsLizmsNRPRWLRis LSxtsQ xmsys NSLRiRLji+gS zqsLij. VRyLRiLi sRVsgRiLRiLi Fs.N][ ryLizmnsVNRP xqsLiZOP[sV aS d{qs
Fsqs.RLiV, N][aSjNSLjigS LSsVNRPXxtsQ, xqsRV VLRi sxqs gRiXxLi[ ANRPzqsNRP RsdV Ljizms xmsV @sNRPRsNRPV
NSLRiRLRiV+VgS zms.gRiLigSRL`i, sVz NSLRiRLRiV+VgS gRiVLjiLiyLRiV. LjiNSLRiV[ 115sVLij syLRiVV DsV }msL]sgS 69sWRs[V
ZNP.ry*, zms.NRPsV FsLizms\ZNPsV sLiNRP[aRP*LRiV DLiRs G{qsd @jNSLRiVV gRiVLjiLiyLRiV.
xmsNRPLiyLRiV. xqs xqsLiZOP[QsV @jNSLji LRi, syx\sVs zms][ NRPzqs xqs[s[
@ VLS , AL R xm : ZOP[QR ryLiVV[ FyLkis @FyRVxmsyLRiV. gRiRLi[ NRPWy xmsV xmssVV
xmsxtsQLi P[}qsLiRVNRPV W` s NRPsV sRWsVNRPLi LiP[ yLRis, @LiVV[ N]RgS Fs{qs @s[ xmsRLi P[LRiRLi DLiVs @jNSLRiV Rsd xqssVRVLi[ sWRLi ARVs [LRiV. LjiNSLRiV
ssWRV xqsNRPsVLigS [NRPFsRLi, xmsVR*Li slLi[bPLis sVsW

@| dy\jT+ U xmspLji\|ms RXztsQryLjiLiys LRidRV sy FyLki dRV

dm+, dmdt s\j edTe\T, |]#sY s*+q n~sT\T
$\Tyq m& dqT, yTdT, k+ jT+\ neTse
sH eT+T\T, eTTKs<sT\ s\j\ U #s\T
\| R LS` , AL R xm : \|RLS`[ Ds
ALiRxms[a`P sVVsVLi NSLSRVLi "Fs' N`P d
@LiVVLij. gRiR N]LiRNSLigS @sVLSs ZNP[LiRLigSs[
xmsLjiFys N]srygjixqsVs sVVsVLi RLiRV
yRVVRV BNRP BNRPTNTP sP[ @sNSaSV [NRPFsRLi][
DsyjNSLRiVV C sLRiRVLi dxqsVNRPVyLRiV. G{ms
|qsNRP[LjiRV[s Fs NRPV 8s @LiRxqsV[ Ds {qsFsLi
NSLSRVLi, 7s @LiRxqsV[ Ds xmsVR* xmsys
NSLRiRLji+ NSLSRVLi, xmsVR* xqsyLRiV
NSLSRW[s Lki\s sxqsVsosLids VRyLRiLi
@sVLSsNTP dxqsVNRPVsLRiV. IZNP[L][ yVgRiV Lki[ C
sxqsVsosV RLRiLiyLRiV. {qsFsLi, {qsFsqs }ms{tsQNRPV
@sVLiRLigS Ds NSslLis= [ dsTW
NSslLis= sLRi*zLiP[LiRVNRPV dsVgS GLSV P[zqss
@|msR {qsssV, @LiRVNRPV @sVLiRLigS Ds
xmsLjiNRPLSV, ZNPsVLSsV xms[NRP yxsLi[
dxqsVNRPVsLRiV. ds][ FyV BLRiVsoLji }ms{tsQV,
xqsyLRiV NSLSRW[s G{qsV, rFnyV,
NRPVLkiV, BRLRi Lki\s xmnsLkiRL`i, NSLSRV @LiNRPLRi
sxqsVsosV NRPWy RLRiLiyLRiV. {qsFsLi NSLSRVLi[
Ds sxqsVsods NRPzms xqsVsWLRiV LRiW.4 N][ sV\ss
rysWgjis, {qsFsqs, BRLRi NSLSRW[s LRiW.5
N][NRPV\|msgS sV\ss rysWgjis xmspLjigS G{ms xmsVR*Li
@sVLSsNTP RLRiLiLij. ks RW}qs
sLRiWxmsWgRiLigS Ds sVLiRVV, sVV NSLRiRLRiV+
NSLSRWsV NRPWy R*LRi[s[ d P[}qs @sNSaSV
NRPszmsxqsVyLiVV. {qsFsLi ZNP[{qsAL`i xms[ xms[ gRisLRiL`i y*LS
BNRPRVs G{ms xqsyRV sysV RsV
@xmsgjiLiy=LijgS IT |msLiRVRVs s[xmsRLi[s[
RLiRV C sLRiRVLi dxqsVNRPVsV VrLij.
xqsx xqsLixmnsVy NSLRiRLji+ .Fs.xqsLi][tsQ xqsWLiyLRiV.
xms sryLRiN`P 15 L][ FyV sxqsXRLigS xmsLRiLi saS
xmsLi[ LRigRisVs dRV NSLRisLRi xqssWs[aS
sVs xmssV sysLi[ |msRgS sWLRiV[dsV [ss
xqssWs[aRPLi[ @FyRVxmsyLRiV. B[ xqssVRVLi[
LSuysNTP Lijs xmsVsoLRiV s[RV gS\s, sxqsQ
xmsLjiaRPsVsV Fs{qs xmsLjij sVLi ]gjiLiy[ ZNP[LiR
FyLiRNRPFsRLi, xqs xmsLjixqsLSV, sLi FyRsV aRPVxmsLRiRNRPFsRLi
sLi [VFysV G{qsd @jNSLRiVV gRiVLjiLis ss[jNRP RRWLRiV P[aSLRiV. C
ss[jNRPsV xmsVy*sNTP xmsLixmssVsV G{qsd U AL`i.zms.hSNRPWL`i sTLiyLRiV.
Bj DLiRgS yVgRiV L][ NTPLiR NRPXuy [s sLijgSsV,
yNTP W` NRPsV sRWsVNRPLi xmspLji P[RWLiW
xmsyjNSLRiVNRPV xqsWLiyLRiV. VRyLRiLi sRVyR
xmsVy*sNTP zqsFnyLRixqsV P[RWLiW xqsLi][tsQ RXztsQNTP
dxqsVZNPLRiV. BLiRVNRPV xqssVLis ARVs xms sVWRV .N]LiRWLRiV xqssV G{qsd @jNSLRiVV RsdV P[aSLRiV. Ljigji
[s AFy LSsWLSso xmnsLiORPQs [ Ljigjis d[{ms N][L` sNRPV INRPryLji Fs{qs @sVV, sj syy\|ms FyLki sVLigRiyLRiLi bdPNSNRPVLi [s AsVVy sxqs, ][yR d{qs xqsLiZOP[QsV
xqssV Rsd P[aSLRiV. C lLiLiRV xqsNRPV NRPWy zms. DsWsV}aRP*LRiLSso
NRPsV xqsVV, xmsyjNSLRiV xqssWs[aRPLi[ ARVs xmsLRiLigS RLjiLi xms FyRWsNTP @sVgRiVLigS
ylLisgS N]srygRiVRVsV G{qsd @jNSLRiVV gRiVLjiLiyLRiV. syLRiV
Fys FyLki sLSsNTP xmsV xqsWRsV P[aSLRiV. lLiLiRV sWLRiVV, P[LRiVNRPV xmsRVyV P[}qsLiRVNRPV ZNP[LiRLi
s NTPLiR d[{ms dRV @RORPVRV @sV` uy s zqsRLigS DLiRs FyLRiV. d[{ms LSxts @RORPVV, xqsLisV FsNRPVsgS RWzmsLiRRLi, BRLRi @sNRPRsNRPsV @jNSLRiVV ssWRV
P[aSLRiV. sVL][ G{qsd XLiRLi RWLRiV g][ysLji zmshSxmsoLRiLi[s xqsdsVNRPXR
ss RLS*R W` NRPsV sRWsVNRPLi sRsRNRPs FyLRisVLiV xqsVV yNRPL`i NRPLiLiFy xLjiV
rygRiRLi\|ms xqsLi][tsQ xqsdsVOTPQLiyLRiV. 60aSRLi NRPsVV @RORPQRs Ljigjis C xqssWs[aRPLi[ FyLRisVLiV xqsVV NRP xqssV Rsd P[zqsLij. @NRPR N]s @sNRPRsNRPsV gRiVLjiLiRRLi][
FyV xqs xqsLiZOP[QsV @jNSLji DLiRLi [Rs @jNSLRiV RLSxmso[ sVgRiV
xmspLRiLiVVsV xmsyjNSLRiVV ARVs RXztsQNTP dxqsVZNPgS g][NRPLS gRiLigRiLS, dRV NSLRisLRi xqsVV, FssVd=
N]LiR {qsLjiRVqsgS xmsRVLiy yLRiV. BNRP\|ms FyLki rsVV dsLS, LSxts [yyRV aSsVLi RWzqsLij.
NRPRxms xqs LjiryL`i NSLSRVLi[ RsdV
ZaP[VV xmsVR* xmsRNSsV xms[NTP dxqsVZNP[LiRVNRPV zms.sWNS LSso, sW ZNP[LiR sVLiRVV RgRiV
xmsyjNSLRiVV RLRiV P[xmss xqsWLiyLRiV. xmsoLRiLiRlLi[aRP*Lji, NSspLji ryLibPsLSso, FssV[ ANRPV xmsV @sNRPRsNRPV LRiVgRiVRVsV ss xqssWyLRiLi\|ms VRyLRiLi
NRPRxms[s xqs LjiryL` NSLSRVLi\|ms G{qsd @jNSLRiVV yT P[zqs ANRPzqsNRP
Fs{qs sVLi dss sVsLiVVLiRLiT xqsRyLSRV, FssVd= {ms.s.Fss.sWRs, d[{ms LSxts
sxqsV }qss xmssV (Fs{qs) sVLi gS\s, sxqsQ xqsLixmnsVy xmsys NSLRiRLji+ .AL`i.AL`i.LRidsLiR LS, RsdV P[xmsLRiV. NSLSRVLi[ xmsVsoLRiV yNRPVsVLiV \lLiLRiV
DLiRs G{qsd @jNSLRiVV gRiVLjiLiyLRiV. C NRPsVLi[s[ xmsVsoLRiV sNRPV
xmsLjiaRPsVsV sVsLiVVLiys N][L`i NRPsV xqsVV, LSxts sW sVLiRVV NRPy OUPQyLSRV, FslLi[s
xmsyjNSLRiVV xqsLi][tsQ RXztsQNTP dxqsVZNPLRiV. ZNP[LiR {qsy[s, ssR sWLS @RORPVV, FyLki sVLi LRiW.73,250 @sjNSLjiNRP sgRiRVsV ry*ksLi P[xqsVNRPVyLRiV. NRPLixmspL`i
AxmslLi[LRiVgS xmss P[xqsVs BRLRiV \|mss[V sNRPV sVLi LRiW.9s[V,
xmsVR*Li P[xmss @|msR xmssV xqsLixqsLRigS }msL]s BsyLjiV, @jNSLRi xmssRVV FyyLRiV. DRRVLi
Fs{qs\|ms xqssWs[aRPLi[ xqsdsVOTPQLiyLRiV. Fs{qs @sVV[NTP LSxts FyLki NSLSRVLi[ Ljigjis N][L`i xqssWs[aRPLi[ NSLSRVLi[ NRP[ [s sgRiRV LRiW.8s[V, 10sVLij yNRPVsVLi \lLiLRi
sVLi LRiW.56s[ RW\ LRiWFyRVV ry*ksLi P[xqsVNRPVyLRiV. NRPRxms xqs
ss RLS*R xms sVLi |msR FsRVs slLi[NRPR NSLRiNRPLRi N][xqsLi GLSV P[zqss gRiLiyRWs
sxqsVLiRs sLis FyLkiNRPV xmsV uyN`P BsV .Fs.xqsLi][tsQ FyLRiLiLiyLRiV. LjiryL`i NSLSRVLi[s @sNRPRsNRPV, \|mss[V sNRPV Buy LSLi\|ms
xmsVy*sNTP ss[jNRP xmsLi}msLiRVNRPV G{qsd U AL`i.zms.hSNRPWL`i sLRiLiVVLiyLRiV.
 l\+ fdt |H> ~Hwt #+&eT
WT d : bdPLiNRP NTPZNP sZNP NUPxmsL`i js[tsQ RLiTsV, =sVs Dxmso RLRiLigRiNRPV
xmssWxtsQs LiLij. RLiTsV xqsV V ZNP|mssgS sRVsVRVV NSgS, Dxmso RLRiLigRi
xmsLjisVR JsLRi NTPZNP VNRPV yRVNRPVTgS FsLizmsNRPRWLRiV. bdPLiNRP V ZNP|mssgS Bxms
sLRiNRPV N]srygjis GLi[ sWRWqs Bs Li[* P[[ ss[ zqsLkiqs 2c3][
xmsLSRVLi Fy\s s[xmsRLi[ ZNP|mss xmsRs sVLi \s]gSRV. sWRWqs s[RXR*Li[
bdPLiNRP V 34 xqsVV, 98 ss[V, 12 c20 sW`V ARgS, sRWV, xmsLSRWV
xqssWsLigS DyLiVV. sWRWqs \s]gjis s[xmsRLi[ \ 26 sVLi LRi`][ xqsV,
ss[ zqsLkiqsNRPV N]R ZNP|msssV bdPLiNRP NTPZNP @rzqs[VxtsQs FsLizmsNRP P[zqsLij. js[tsQ RLiTsV
>TsTys+ 13 E 2017 $jTy& 10
ss[, c20 ZNP|mssgS Dxmso RLRiLigRi
s[RXR*Li[s[ LRi`][ xqsV zqsLkiqsNRPV Lji[NTP jgRisVLij. @lgi[ ss[ zqsLkiqs,
c20 sW`NRPV Dxmso RLRiLigRi s[RXR*Li szLiRsVyLRiV. 36 xqsV
sW`V ATs RLiTsV 42.33 LRislLi[][ 2,540 xmsLRiVgRiVV
P[aSRV. Dxmso RLRiLigRi ss[[ 34.32 LRislLi[, c20[ 13.50
LRislLi[][ sVVLiRVsLRiVxqs[ DyLRiV.

+>+&<
|#sTT d dt $j T+ L_` |qsLiRLki sXy sVydLS LjiNSLRiV V es > ssY |q
NTPdsqs\|ms 75 xmsLRiVgRiV [y][ sRVLi r: sVz ss[ sLRi NRPms [LRisVLi[ A}qsRW 8 sZNP [y][
sRVLi ryjLiLij. ]VR Lig`i P[zqss sVLiTRW 7 sZNPV N][[LiVV
|mssRVs P[LjiLij. kLi][ xmspssV L_` csVyd LS Li [LRiVNRPV NRPLi
xmsTLij. @xmsNTP LRiR V 2 sZNPV N][[LiVV 166 xmsLRiVgRiVV P[zqsLij. LS,
N| usY $jT+
[| = L` : NUP sLRi dg`i LSLis {ms RW[
226 xmsLRiVgRiVV P[zqsLij. 45.1 JsLRi[s[ A{qsqs V 2 sZNPV N][[LiVV OSQs L_` RLRiW NRPzqs lLiLi][ sZNPNRPV 157 xmsLRiVgRiV gRiry*sWs sN]LRiV. A
209 xmsLRiVgRiVZNP[ sWLi` A P[jLiLij. A}qsRW ZNP|mss sLig`i @RVR BsLig`i=][ VsV N]j}qsxmsZNP[ J|mssL`i L_` NRPWy ssVjLjigjiLij. @xmsZNP[ NUP[ Ds xLRis{ms`
|qsdsV\|mnss=NRPV LRiR sVz V
P[LRiV\sLij. VRyLRiLiyTNRPR d][ Ljigjis x[LSx[Lki FLRiV[ LRiR V
sRVdLSNRPV P[LjiLij. AsVNRPV |msLkiNTP NRPWy RNRPsRLi][ A{qsqs V N_L`i (23) sVs sVgjis =sosVssLRiW xmsVN][R
1c0][ sRVLi ryjLiLij. RVWFsqs][ Ljigjis sW`[ 1c4][ sVVLiRVs
xqsVyRWxqsLigS sRVLi ryjLiLij. LRiR =sosVs xmspssV L_` rLRiV P[RV[NRPFRWLRiV. rLRiV P[RVysNTP dsVLi[ JsLRi[
L R : sWLi`\|ms 75 xmsLRiVgRiV [y][ BLigRiLi` V |qsLiRLki P[zqsy xmnsRLi [NRPVLiy FLiVVLij. sZNPV N][[sRLi][ Lki rLRiV ryjLiRRLi[ sVTLRiL`i sxmn-
LRi`, C [LRisVLi[ ryzmnsNS][ Ljigjis sW`[ g][qs][ ygS
sRVLi ryjLiLij. ]VR qs lgi Lig`i P[zqss BLigRiLi` sVVgjizqss RLS*R LRi` V ] sRWs @LiRVNRPVLij. {ms RW[ @RVR
qs lgis A}qsRW {mnsLig`i FsLiRVN][gS, LRi` ]VR Lig`i s\sVLij. kLi][ sLkiR 50 JsLRiNRPV 7 sZNPV N][[LiVV 226 xmsLRiV
sLkiR 50 JsLRi[ 9 sZNPV N][[LiVV 284 xmsLRiVgRiVV P[RVgS, OSQs xmsRLRi+s NRPsLjiLij. sW` ALRiLiLi[s[ 4 ssVVxtsQLi[ d, 12s
P[zqsLij. sVLiTRWNRPV ALRiLiLi[s[ FsRVLRiV RgjiLij. J|mssL`i xqsX gRiVV sWRs[V P[RVgRigjiLij. NTPxtsQsVWLji (0), sLRi (6), g][ry*sV
P[jLiRRLi[ sWLi` V RNTPxmsTLij. 46.4 JsLRi[ 209 ssVVxqsLi[ LRi` V |msyd NSLRiLRi sVLi g][ P[}qs @RVR @sNSaSy
sVLiys (3) xqs* rLRiVZNP[ gSLRisL`i Lig`i[ ssVjLjigjiLij. @sLiRLRiLi ZNP|mss (2) sLSaRP xmsLjiyLRiV. xmspssV L_` 106 xmsLRiVgRiV sR |msLki Lig`i[
xmsLRiVgRiVZNP[ A\Lij. |qsLiRLki][ NRPRLi]NTPs BLigRiLi` =sosVs ssWgjiLiRVN][sRLi[ sxmnssVRWLiVV. 12s ssVVxtsQLi[ LRi` P[zqss
sVyd LS, sVL][ J|mssL`i xmspssV L_`][ NRPzqs V BsLig`i= RNRPjyLRiV. Lis LiRLkiNTP RLRiLiP[ RVRLi[ [sNRPV NS` B
zqssL`iNRPV }msRVL`i Amnsj @yLRiV LiLij. H{qs{qs sVz sLRi NRPms g][... dsTW lLixmnsLRi[ zqsN`P][ NSNRPVLiy NUPyNSLRiVRV aRPLkiLRiLi][ AzmssV
xqssVs*RVLi][ sZNPV NSFyRVNRPVLiW zqsLigji= dxqsW gRiR gS AyLRiV. C ssVjLjiLij. kLi][ sLkiR 50 JsLRi[ LRiR V 7 sZNPV N][[LiVV
[LRisVLi[ gRiLigS BLigRiLi`, sWLi` sVR sW` xqsxtsQLigS NRPszmsLiRRLi][ g][gS xmsLjigRiLiR[RV. kLi][ BLRiV V FyLiVVLiV
NRPsVLi[ @LRiaRPRNSV ssWRV P[aSLRiV. xmspssV 226 xmsLRiVgRiVV P[zqsLij. A{qsqs LRi[ RV, |msLki L][ lLiLi[zqs sZNPV
LjigjiLij. qs lgis BLigRiLi` ]VR Lig`i P[zqsLij. J|mssL`i [NRPVLiy [ dxqsVNRPVyLiVV. |qsNRPLi` NS*LRiL`i[ d xmsRLji VsV NRPT
L_` @LRi|qsLiRLki xmspLji P[zqss @sLiRLRiLi sV xmsRg]gS, gSL`isL`i, dsV= L][ sZNP RsV y[ s[xqsVNRPVyLRiV.
P[RVysNTP sxmnsRVRLi P[zqsLij. @LiVV[ @sNSaSs @LijxmsoRVNRPVs LRiR
ss{mns (13) sVL][sWLRiV sLRiVy=xmsLjiLij. ss_s[ ss sVLjiLiR ygS LRi&VVzmsLiyLRiV. C RaRP[s[ ZNP|mss 227 xmsLRiVgRiV ORPQP[Rs][ Lji[NTP jgjis A{qsqs V ALRiLiLi V 19s ssVVxtsQLi[ @sVxms LS d NUPyNSLRiV sVLi Lis yNRPRNRPLigS
[L`i (8), ZNP|mss \s (8) NRPWy sLSaRPxmsLjiyLRiV. sVL][ sVydLS NRPWy @LRi |qsLiRLkis xmspLji P[aSLRiV. sVLi RWNRPVRVgS rygjiLij. J|mssLRiV [s, sVWdsRLRiW \ZNPsxqsLi P[xqsVNRPVs, LS xqsxNSLRiLi][ g][ P[RVysNTP xmsRVLiLij. @j NRPWy
J|mssL`i dsLi (93) xmsLRiVgRiV][ LSLiRRLi, zqssL`i LRiR sVz NTPZNP ZNP|mss sVyd LS 97 LiRV[ 3 xqssVWRLigS ARVRW VNRPV aRPVLRiLisLijLiyLRiV. 15 JsLRiV sxmns\sVLij. @LigRiVLi gSms[ g][sV LS sVqs P[zqsLij. LRi` V RVRNRPV
(129) |qsLiRLki][ @RVRLigS LSLiRRLi][ BLigRiLi` FnLRiV, INRP zqsNRP=L`i ryRVLi][ @LRi|qsLiRLki \sVVLSLiVVs sVVgji}qs xqsLjiNTP sZNP sxtsQFNRPVLiy 60 xmsLRiVgRiVV P[RVgS, 36 xmsLRiVgRiV 38 ssVVxtsQLi[ LS, {ms xqsLiRVVNRPLigS sV L][ P[xqsVNRPVLiW d NUPxmsL`i
sLkiR 50 JsLRi[ 9 sZNPV N][[LiVV 284 sNTPgRiR rLRiV sR [ssV xmspssV RWRs RWLRiL`i ][ \sxmso Lis s[gRiLigS FsyLRiV.. g][ P[aSLRiV. Lis @RVN][sysNTP d
xmsLRiVgRiV Lki rLRiV ssWRV P[zqsLij.
sWLi`
sVyd LjiNSLRiV |mssRVs P[LRigS, N]j }qsxms[s[ sVWds (45) LRi_gS
ssVjLjigjiLij. sLig`i 76 xmsLRiVgRiV][ ZNP|mss BsLig`i= ARgS, |msLki
g][NUPxmsL`i sxmnsRVRLi P[zqsy xmnsRLi [NRPVLiy FLiVVLij. @sLiRLRiLi LRiR
V sVL][ g][NRPV RVLiy xqsxmnsLi NS[RV. @V xmsRLji d V 55s
LRi[ ZNPL`i 4 @LiRLSdRV ss[ NTPZNP[ @RjNRP xmsLRiVgRiVV P[zqss RNRPzqsLij. kLi][ 45.1 JsLRi[s[ 2 sZNPV N][[LiVV 227 ssVVxtsQLi[ g][NRPV RVLiy... RVRsLRiNRPV g][ P[RV[NRPFLiVVLij. kLi][
sZNPV xmsRg]gS, sVz NTPZNPL`igS sVyd LS LjiNSLRiVZNPNSLRiV. ss[ NTPZNP xmsLRiVgRiV OSQs P[jLiLij. LRiR LRi[ xmspssV RWRs INRPlLi[ 1c0][ d\|ms LRiR V sRVLi ryjLiLij.
RLjiR[ ALRiV s[ xmsLRiVgRiVV ryjLis ] sVz NTPZNPL`i sZNP xmsRg]Lij. sVgjis lLisLRiW LSLiR[NRPFRWLRiV. ZNP|mss BsLig`i
NS|qslLiN`P 2, Rx, qs, NRPWy sVys[. C LjiNSLRiVsV ryjLiP[ NRPsVLi[ BLigRiLi`
LjiLigRixsV L][ sZNP RsV AT VsV lgizmsLis sLig`iNRPV }msRVL`i Amns j sW` @yLRiV LiLij.
y[ s[xqsVNRPVyLRiV. @sLiRLRiLi 285
xmsLRiVgRiV ORPQP[Rs][ Lji[NTP jgjis
sWLi` V J|mssLRiV qs (44),
sVz NTPZNPL`i ylLi FsR*L`i= }msLji Ds 5992 xmsLRiVgRiV
LjiNSLRiVsV sVyd @jgRisVLiyLRiV. sW` FyLRiLisNTP
sVVLiRV sVyd LS C {mns ryjLiRysNTP 33 xmsLRiVgRiV
RWLRiLi[ DyLRiV. @RjNRP xmsLRiVgRiVV ryjLis sVz
rLRiV[LRiV
BLiTRW sosVs= BsLig`i=:L_` (zqs) [s () |msLji 106, sVLiys (zqs)
{[ () gSLRisL`i 3, sVyd LS (zqs @Li` ) dsV= 69, N_L`i (zqs) {[ ()
N|t #Y m+| uwt
xqs sVLiRNTP FyNRP sVLiR xmsaRPnLixqs xmsNTPRV xqssVgRiLigS LjigjiLiRs NTPyV

{msqs (12) aRPVLRiLisLijLiyLRiV. NTPZNP ZNP|mss sVyd LSNRPV sVLiTRW ZNP|mss sLS N][{ RV 23, NTPxtsQsVWLji LRi_ (RV/{[) 0, sLRi () RV 6, g][ry*sV () |msLji
@LiVV[ sVTLRiL`i =sVsV *L`i y*LS aRPVNSLiORPQV RV[aSLRiV. 2, FyLi[ y 7, T aRPLRi y 5, FsN`P=V: 5, sVVRLi: 226/7 WT d : sVLiTRW xmsys N][`gS LRisaSzqsQs FsLizmsNRP P[RVys
NUP[ s]NRPVN][[NRPFRWLRiV. sZNP xmsRsLi: 1c9 (sVLiys), 2c166 (sVyd LS), 3c203 (L_`), xqsV{msLi sRVsVR FyNRP sVLiR xmsaRPLizqsLiLij. rLRis gRiLigRiWd, xqss,
xqsL`i\s (35), Tss (8) xmsLRiVgRiVV @jgRisVLiLij. kLi][ sVyd 183 ss[[ ALRiVs[ 4c204 (NTPxtsQsVWLji), 5c208 (N_L`i), 6c211 (g][ry*sV), 7c220 (sLRi) dsdsFsqs ORPQ][ NRPWTs xqssVLiR 2019 xmsxmsLiR NRPms sLRiNRPV N][`sV
sWRs[V P[aSLRiV. xmsLRiVgRiVV y @RjNRP xmsLRiVgRiVV P[zqss NTPZNPL`igS Lig`i: RV 10c0c52c2, gSL`isL`i 10c1c48c1, [y|qss 10c1c38c0, sRVsVLiLij. Lig`i N][`gS {L`i, s[bdP xmsLRisNRPV Lig`i
xqsyLRiVgS LSxsV {qsG{qs FsLizmsNRP P[zqsLij. "" N][` FsLizmsNRP xmsNTPRV[ {qsG{qs
29 JsLRi[ sWLi` V 4 xmsxmsLiR LjiNSLRiVsW ssWRV P[aSLRiV. RWNRPVRVgS |msLji 10c0c37c2, dsV= 9c043c1, ss 1c0c8c0. xmsFyRsV xqssVgRiLigS DyLiVV. @sN][[ VNRPV @sxqsLRi\sVs N][Lig`i
sZNPV N][[LiVV 132 xmsLRiVgRiVV P[zqsLij. ARVRVs C LisV sRg]ysNTP A{qsqs ZNP|mss A}qsRW sosVs BsLig`i=: s (zqs) sLRi () xmspssV RWRs 36, LisV zqsRLi P[zqsLiRs FyNRP sVLiR }msL]sV d{qs{qsH xmsNRPs sRVR
@sLiRLRiLi =sosVssLRiW NUP[ sLig`i P[RVs xmsRVRLi [RV. RLRiVRW LRisV sVWds LRi_ (aRPLRi) 45, sLig`i y 76, |msLki y 60, FsN`P=VtsQ P[zqsLij. sRR, @LiNTPRsLi][ VNRPV xmssP[}qsLiRVNRPV yLRiLiR ylLi[
s]NRPVN][[NRPFRWLRiV. |msLjis= 43 sWLjiy xmnsRLi [NRPFLiVVLij. 40 JsLRi sLRiNRPW C Li 10, sVVRLi: 227/2 RLRixqsV P[xqsVNRPVyLRiV. xms[NRP\sVs NTPZNPLRi NRPsV sVLi xqsLjigS BLi xmn-
xmsLRiVgRiV][ LSLiRgS, 46.4 JsLRi[ @xmsxRLigS Lig`i N]srygjiLiLij. 41 JsL`i[ sZNP xmsRsLi: 1c62 ([s), 2c103 (sVWds), Lig`i: g][ry*sV sys[ AbPLiyLi. sVLiTRW xmsWy N][xqsLi d{qs{qsH, xqs sVLiR
dsV= Lig`i[ ZNP|mss sVyd LS 3s Lis 5.1c1c27c0, aRPLRi 10c2c44c0, FyLi[ 6c1c16c0, N_L`i 6c0c38c0, RaRPVj][ xmssP[aSLiVV. BLiRVNRPV yLjiNTP NRPXRRV. yLji xmsFyRssV
209 xmsLRiVgRiVV sWRs[V P[zqs A\Lij. LiRLkiNTP RLRiLiP[ RVRLi[ L`iZNP[ NS` B qs 10c1c55c0, xmspssV RWRs 8c0c46c1. xmspLjigS AsWjxqsVyLi' @s FyNRP sVLiR xqsxtsQLiP[zqsLij.

dy d.. ||+#|t \+
LRiR NTPZNP RLjiR[ B[ @RVRsV xqsV V

xmsNRPW xmsLjizqsRV[ J|mssLig`i Lig`i FsxmsVRW yLi[

s| eTT+u s=H*H=
WT d : C[V zmnsFny xmsxmsLiR NUPyNSLRiVRV, xmnsQo sWLiNRPVRV L]y sVd BLiTRWNRPV sxqsVyRV. {mssVRVL`i
ds BLiLRiW*[ sVLiTRW dmns N][` LRisaSzqsQ sT xmnsQoxqs\|ms (BLi][L`i xmnsQo lgi[sV=) RLjiLiP[LiRVNRPV aRPVNRPyLRiLi sVVLi\NTP P[LRiVNRPVLiRs xmnsQo NUPy sLSV sTLiyLiVV.
gRi[yj {mssVRVL`i xmnsQoxqs[ Fys ARVs lLiLiRV lgi[sV RLS*R LjigjisFRWRV. LjiW FyLSLizmsN`P= N][xqsLi
WT d : sLS N][z ryLRiRLi[s V LRiR xqsV NTPZNP RLjiR[s[ syRV. g][yNRPV FysRLi szLis lgi[sV[ HRV g][= NRPWy P[aSRV. A RLS*R sRV. "{mssVRVL`i xmsoxqs[
@RVRsV s sVLiTRW N]R dmns N][` LRisaSzqsQ FyLRiV. LRiR VNRPV
xmsys N][`gS FsLizms\ZNPs RLS*R ]ryLji VRyLRiLi dsVTRW][ sWyLRiV.
&\, &sT\ FysRLi dzmsxmsNRPLi. sVRVLSsVW. NUPRsV @sVRLigS }mssVLiP[ [aRPLi sVLi sVL][ryLji ry*gRiRLi N][xqsLi AxqsNTPgS
FsRVLRiVRWxqsVy' sLiW NSsVLi P[aSRV. gRi[yj BLi][L`i [LRisVLi FyLRiLi s[RVNRP[ xmnsQo jgRiV
xmsxtsQ\sVs xqsV VNRPV bPORPQ Bs*RLi RsNRPV xqsy sLiRs, xqsysV
xqssVLRisLiRLigS @jgRisVxqsW sVVLiRRVgRiV s[ryss FyLRiV. LiRs[ ds
BLiLRiW*[ sWTs ARVs, "xmsxqsVR V FsLi][ xmsxtsQ\sVsj. BxmsyNS
[aRPLi RLRixmnsQos FysRLi szLis [ N][{}qss s[Vj. C V[
V< bV+ WLiVVqs zmnsg], Fy r=, LSs gjig`i=, |LRis ZNPr~, NRPxmnsQo RjRLRiVV FyyLRiV.

FsLi xmsLjizqsRV[\sy xmsRLji =sVssV sRVLiLi, sZNPV dRVgRi

aRPNTPsLiR\sVs }msqs LRiV DyLRiV. sRVxqsV Lkiy yLRiV xqs\lLis xqssVRVLi[
FsLiFsAL`iH \LRis sVLji OSlLiT
NR VR Vxm pL` , ZN F F : FsLiFsAL`iH rsLi][ LiLSz=[s
k| >\T|
VNRPV FysRLi szxqsVyLRiV. s[sxmsVRW xqsysV
FsRVL][sys BxtsQxmsRysV. sVLiTRW][ y xmsryys sVLkiTRVs xqsW[ sWRsLigS GLSV P[zqss rL`i= @NSRsVs NRPLRiWV LiNRP\|ms 8 sZNP [y][ sRVLi

sVVLiRVNRPV rygjiry. xmsNRPW xmsLjizqsRV[ J|mssLig`i FsLi{ms V lLi[VNRP, FsLiFsAL`iH \LRis sVLji OSlLiT FyLRiLiLiyLRiV. C
101 xmsLRiVgRiVZNP[ NRPVxmsNRPWs bdPLiNRP
Lig`i sLigS NRPxtsQRLRis[V. B]NRP xqsy. BLi xqsLiRLRiLigS FsLi{ms lLi[VNRP sWRVRW NUPyNSLRiVNRPV ssVRsVgS sVxqsW
yLisV xqssVLRisLiRLigS FsRVL]LiW, [aSsNTP NUPRNRPV Fy=xLi @LijxqsVs FsLiFsAL`iH s[Vs[sVLisV
sVL]NRP xmsxmsLiRNRPmssV ryjLi |ms[ VsV xqssRLi @sLijLiyLRiV. FsLiFsAL`iH \LRis sVLji OSlLiT sLRis NUPyNSLRiVRV : bdPLiNRP c ROTPQzmnsNS
P[ry' @s LRisaSzqsQ ksW sNRPLiP[aSLRiV. Bj sLRiNRPV aSzqsQ NSsRLi, ARVs sLRi*zLiP[ syxqsLixqs[s NUPyNSLRiVNRPV sVR Ljigjis sW`[ ryzmnsNS
sVLiTRW NRPV \lLiNRPL`igS ssxLjiLiyLRiV. A xmsRs sLRiLiLiRyLRiV. @sLiRLRiLi FsLiFsAL`iH \LRis sVLji OSlLiT xmnsVs sRVLi ryjLiLij. 102
@sjNSLjiNRPLigS N][` RR][ sWRVRW NUPRNRPV, NUPyNSLRiVNRPV RsV syxqsLixq sVLiT xmsLRiVgRiV ORPQP[Rs][ Lji[NTP jgjis
xqssWs\sVLij. LRiR VNRPV sP[[Vyj z][jNRPLigS RxmsNRP Fy=xLi @LijrysVyLRiV. syLRiVV ROTPQzmnsNS 23.1 JsLRi[ 2 sZNPV
@xqs\s xqsy FsRVLRiVNSsVLij. R.AzmnsNS FyhRiaS sR sVLi[ NUPR\|ms AxqsNTP |msLiRVNRPVLi[ ZNP[LkiL`isV R*LjiRgRis N][[LiVV 104 xmsLRiVgRiVV P[zqs 8
xmsLRis LRisaSzqsQNTP ] xmsLkiORPQ NSsVLij. sVVRVN][sRyLRiV. BNRP sWRsLigS FyLRiLiLis [V sqs sZNP [y][ lgiVF~LijLij.
xmsxqsVRLi aSzqsQ RRV bdPLiNRP NUPRNRPV xmssVV N][`, @LRiVs @yLRiV gRizR xqsLikms LSV, J|mssL`i [*L`i 48, RV {ms
xmsLRis][ FyLRiLiLi @soRVLij. rsVy`V N][`VgS ssxLjiryLRis ARVs FyLRiV. 38][ @RVRLigS
LSLiyLRiV. qs lgis
bdPLiNRP V ]VR
Lig`iNRPV jgjiLij.
d+dsD\ $\qT y J|mssLRiV RVLigRis(1),
NRPVsWLjixsV (25)
VNRPV
bdPsyxqss, sLRiLisuy\|ms xqsV{msLiNRPV FyNRP sVLiR ss[jNRP aRPVLRiLis @LijLiRRLi[
sxmnssVRWLRiV. ZNP|mss xqsVLRiLigjiNRP (25),
NSLRiRLji+ @sVy _RLji P[xqsVs NRPXztsQNTP, N][aSjNSLji rLSxtsQ @rzqs[VxtsQsNRPV FysRLi szxqsVyLRiV. sVTLRiL`i =sosVs |mslLiLRi (1),
WT d : @sL>RiRNRPV gRiV\lLis N]LiRLRiV ry*LRi @sLRiV` _RLji sVLi xqsxNSLRiLi LiRRLi [RV. yLjis[ Ay xqssWs[aRPLi LRiryxqsgS sWLjiLij. dsLRiNRPT (18), zqsLjisLRis (9), sWRs
xmsLRiVV d{qs{qsH[ xqsLixqsLRi @sVVsV @RVNRPVs[ BRsV bdPsyxqss sVRRVyLRiVRV. [y NRPsV dsLRiV N][LRiV dLRiVsV D[aRPxmspLRi*NRPLigSs[ (2)V P[RV[aSLRiV. \LiRLRiV N_xqs
xmsRVRLi P[xqsVyLRiLiW xqsV{msLi N][LRiVNRPV FyNRP zqsFnyLRiV= @sVV sxtsQRVLi[ LSuy sVR @RVNRPVLiVyLRis 12s @LiaRPLi[ FyNRP sVLiR (5), NSLiRs (5), LRidsLRi (3)V NRPWy
sVLiR ss[jLiLij. yVgRis NTPRWbdP ss[jNRP[ GNSFyRV ryRs sVRgSs[ sVgjiLij. }msL]Lij. s 26y [s yLRiV \|N`P P[}qs LSLiR[NRP FRWLRiV. kLi][ 40.3
sWRs sLiRs @sVV\ZNP P[xqsVs xmsRVyV xmsRVRLi P[aSLRis[LiRV NRPV AyLRiLigS dsTW
C s[VLRiNRPV zmnsLSRV P[zqsLij. sW @jNSLRiVV Fss JsLRi[ A\Lij. 101 xmsLRiVgRiVV
bdPsyxqss, sLRiLisuy [y NRPsV zqsFnyLRiV=V xmnsLiRRLi [RV. s[V 6, s 25 [k[ lLiLiRV [xmsosV NRPWy FyNRPsVLiR N][LRiVNRPV sWRs[V P[zqsLij. ROTPQzmnsNS LRi[ ys
@sVV NSNRPVLiy NRPV xmssVRVyLRis }msL]Lij. xmsLSRWV xqssWs[aRPLi GLSV P[RVRLi LjigjiLij. @LiR[zqsLij. sZNPL`i 4 sZNPV xmsRg]gS, BryLiVV 3
BjsLRiNRPV 3 xmsLSRWV (zmnssLji 27, sWLji 17, @LiVVy GNSFyRWs ryjLiR[NRP FRWLi. C d{qs{qsH xqssWs[aS[ FyssRs N][LRiV
sZNPV Rs y[ s[xqsVNRPVLij. 102 xmsLRiVgRiV
Gzms7 [k[) }qsqs ss[jNRPV xqssVLjiLis FyNRP @yLiRLSNRPV d{qs{qsH sW @RORPVRV bdPsyxqss, A[aS][ LSxts RVWsV bdPsyxqss, ORPQP[Rs][ Lji[NTP jgjis ryzmnsNS ALRiLiLi
sVLiR ygS yVg][ ss[jNRPsV @LiR[zqsLij. sLRiLisuy sVV NSLRiNRPVV. uy xmss[aSsNTP sVRRV xmsVNRPVRVyLiVV. sVLi RWNRPVRV N]srygjiLiLij. J|mssL`i d (0)
s 26y xqssWs[aSsNTP @sL>RiV\s d{qs{qsH 2016 sVLi BxmsyNS d{qs{qsH
ks\|ms RRxmsLji syLRi lLi[xmso (aRPVNRPyLRiLi) LRigRisVLij. xmsLRiVgRiV y LRisNRPVLiys[ ssVjLjigjiLij.
[LRiLRiV, yLji LSxtsi xmssRVV, @rzqs[VxtsQs @LiV`=sVssV sRVsVLiR[Rs, J|mssL`i [*L`i, RV {ms][ NRPzqs V BsLig`i=sV
ss[jNRP ryLSLiaRPLi B[.. xqsVV LRiRWLRiV. DyxLRiNRPV bdPsyxqss xmsWs syRLi s[xmsRLi[ ks GLSV
RsVyRV NTPZNP @rzqs[VxtsQsNRPV, @[sRLigS uy @saRPsVs FyNRP sVLiR xqsV{msLiNRPV sssLiLij. RNRPjRVRW VsV sRVdLSNRPV P[LjiLij.
d{qs{qsH[ xqsLixqsLRi @sVVNRPV yyNRP

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