. .

d+|{: 60 d+: 206 keTys+ 31 E 2017 $jTy& |J\T: 22 y\: 5.00 . . . Published from: Vijayawada | Kurnool | Hyderabad | Guntur | Rajahmundry | Visakhapatnam | Tirupati | Karimnagar | Suryapet | Anantapur | Nellore | Nizamabad

bdP }sLiysV xqsLisR=LRiLi, ROTPQRVLi, sL<Ri VVRVso, aSs sWxqsLi, j: aRPVR @xtsQsV D. 11.11 sLRiNRPV, @sLiRLRiLi sssV; sORPQRLi: ry*iD. 11.59 sLRiNRPV, @sLiRLRiLi saS; @sVXRNSLi: 4.30 sVLiT (sVLRiVxqs DRRVLi)
sVVxLRiLi 6.15 sLRiNRPV; sLRiLi: ry. 6.04 sVLiT 7.49 sLRiNRPV; RVLRiVxLRiLi: sV. 12.31 sVLiT 1.23 sLRiNRPV, sV3.07 sVLiT 3.59 sLRiNRPV; LSxNSLi: D. 7.30 sVLiT 9.00 sLRiNRPV; RVsVgRiLiRLi: D. 10.30 sVLiT 12.00 sLRiNRPV

|q]uq n+X\T |]cs neX+

sT sc\ eT< deTqj ks+

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\| R LS` , AL R xm xm [NR xm j :
kLRiNSLi RLS*R LSxts gRisLRiL`i sWLRiV\|ms
=* n&T>T |&+~ MT &>

EgSyV sVsRVRVyLiVV. xmsxqsVRLi

lLiLiRV VgRiV LSuyNRPV INRPlLi[ gRisLRiL`i DLiRgS
+{ kjT+ #j\q<

BNRP sVVLiRV LigS, ALiRxms[a`PNRPV s[lLi[*LRiV

gRisLRiLRisV sRVsVryLRis xmsyLRiLi NRPWy
H |q |uT+ <w rdT

[LRiLiRVNRPVLij. yxqsysNTP xmsxqsVR gRisLRiL`i

xmsRdsNSLi N]s sWry sVVLi[ xmspLRiLiVVLij.
$|H kjT+ s

NSds ZNP[LiRLi RRVxmsLji DRLRiV*P[ sLRiNRPV

N]srygRisVLiW sLRizqsLixssV A[bPLiLij.
$XK qdH~H |eH DY
NSLilgiqs xRWLi[ sRVsVRV\s gRisLRiLRi[ N]LiRLRiV ZNP[LiRLi[ FssUG xmsVR* GLSV aS xm L , ZN F F WL][: DysLi[ s}qss @js[R xmsss NRP sWRVRW,
iDysLi xqssVxqs xmsLjiuyLSsNTP ] NTPU yRV xqssVxqs xmsLjiuyLSsNTP sVsztsQgS LRi*L`iNRPV Lijs \sRVV, s[VysoV DysLi
@sLiRLRiLi xmsRs sVLi RzmsLiRyLRiV. [y s s FyysR[s LSuyNRPV @RVgRiV xmsTLij... FsLiR |msR xmsRW\sVy
RdP[RVyLRiV. VgRiV LSuy DsVT gRisLRiL`isV sWRLi N]R xmsVR*Li NRPWy saS*xqsLi[NTP xqsLijLiyss, sWssR*s[V RssV sVVLiRVNRPV sTzm- xqssVxqs xmsLjiuyLSsNTP LSsRLi xms xms[NRPLigS
dxqsVNRPVLij. gRiR sVW[VgS ARVsV @[ x[y[ BNRP[ N]srygjirLij. @LiVV[ BxmsVRV lLiLiRV s @RVgRiV][s[ sVVRsoRVLij... srLiRs s}qssFyLki @js[R , xmssVV zqsds {L][ NRPXRRV RV[xqsVysyLRiV. DysLi xqssVxqs
LSuyNRPV BRLRiV gRisLRiLRis[ xmsyLRiLi xqs}RVNRPLi NSRs sZaP[xtsQNRPVV sxqsVyLRiV. yxqsysNTP DysLi xqssVxqssV LSNUPRVLi P[}qsLiRVNRPV xmsssNRP @yLRiV. AjyLRiLi DRRVLi xmsLjiuyLSsNTP ] @RVgRiV xmsTLiRs , FsLiR |msR
ALiRxms[a`P xms[NRP LSxtsLigS GLRiy xms[ FyV \|RLS`sV DsVT LSysgS s[sV RWRRLi [RV... sWssR*Li][ zmsFsLiFyLi NTPZNP }qsTRVLi xqsdsVxmsLi[ Ds ds xmsRW\sVy s @RVgRiV][s[ FyLRiLisVso
ssWgjiLiRVNRPVs[ sxqsVVVLij. NSds sVVsVLi RLiRV Gyj LRigRiNRPsVVLi[ N]R xmsLjixtsQLjiLiP[LiRVZNP[ RVxqsVy... NRPVLi, NRPs*s<s |qsLiL`i[ xms[NRPLigS \sR XLiy RVLiRs sxtsQRWs gRiVLjiLiyyLRiV. DysLi[
LSys sLSLi\|ms RXztsQ|msLRiV. BLiRVNRPsVgRiVLigS @sVLSs }msLji sgRiLRi sLSLi sVRLi, N][xqsLi NSRV y FLSLi... @RRVs ss[jNRPsV ARVs xmssL`iFyLiVVLi NTPU yj xqssVxqsV RsVsV dsLigS NRP
sVVRLRiV. @LiVV[ BxmsNTPj FyLRiLiRaRP[s[ DLij. sVVsVLi NRPWy sRVyR ry sVsztsQ RxmsT[ RWR[sV... y xmsLi[xtsQs y*LS NTPLiyLRiV. C xqsLiRLRiLigS s[aSRVyLRiV. sLiR[ Fn\lLi` 8e |J...
xqsdsVxmsLi[ @syxqsLi[s[ DLiVyLRiV. xms[NRPLigS ALiRxms[a`PNRPV INRP gRisLRiL`isV sRVsV}qs sVsxqsR*Li @VsLij... sWss s[VRxqsV=
ARVsNRPV ZNP[LiVVLiP[LiRVNRPV Rgjis syV A LSxtsLi[ @LiRVV[ [so. @kNSNRP BLRiV LSuy @VLiVs[ NRPs|msLij... DysLi
sVR BLiNS xmsLjiuyLRiLi NSs @s[NRP xqssVxqsV DyLiVV. xmsosLji*s V[s xmsV @LiaS\|ms BLiNS
syyV rygRiVRVyLiVV. ds\|ms BLRiV LSuy sVVsVLiRVV, BRLRi 8e |J...
xqssVxqsNRPV xmsLjiuyLSds NRPs|msRVRVLiRs
ssVVRVy... H&T dm+ |eH \ u{ 2

y<+ d+
>+CsTT: yTq eTTKeT+ #+<uT dwsD |<M $seTD ejTdT Z+#+
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aRPNTPRVVNRPV\sy xmsWgjiLiRLi[ FsslLi[sV P[LRiVNRPVs xmsys xmsxmsORPQs[R RRsV
|{yT+{ #+ eTTKH\ c>w nusT\T HeTe+ sVNRPVy GsWRLi sLRiss gRiVLi[\LRiLi sWxqsVyLRiV. xqssWNSs LSNUPRV ssxqssV
8 ||q> | m NRPgjisyLSRVs... s[gRiLigS NS sR[xqsW xmsRV\ss xmsxqsLigSV,
@ VLS , AL R xm : xmsyLSs zmsN]s RLiTyV RsRVVTgS DLiW sjs sVVVNRPVLi ssVLRi+][ xmsVy*sNTP ,
syLiR LSys @sV ARVs FyLki ZaP[VV, xms yV]+q ns<, eTVs<T\T aSRV ILiLjigS sWLji BxmsoTxmso[ r~LiR xmsRLRiVNRPV sVVsVV FLiVVLiRLi[
LSs[ xmssP[xqsVs D][gRiV xmssRVsV N][LSLRiV. {qsFsLi FyhRiaS[ LSNUPRV FyhSV RsV s[LRiVNRPVLiW ALji[LRiVRVyLRiV. ALiRxms[a`P LSNUPRW[
NRPV sVLjis xmsWyV @jNSLjiNRP syxqsLi[ N]LiRLRiV CrjT ksTT +s ysV RsyLjiNTP s[LRiVRW xqs*NSLi[s[ sVVRyLRiV VgRiV[aRPLiFyLki @js[R
s.3500 NRPLiP[ jaRPgS xmsVR*Li
RLRiV P[xmsLiRs sVV
FyLki sVV s[RV AjyLRiLi
LS ARVssV NRPaSLRiV. C
saRP*syRV LSNUPRV ryLiVV[ sVVLiRVNRPV sVVsVLi RLiRV NSgS ,sVL]NRPLRiV
@ VLS / \| R LS` , AL R xm : [aRP rygRiVRVs yLRiV BLiN]NRPLRiV s Rs xmsys \sFsqsAL`iNSLilgiqsFyLki @RORPVRV G{ms xmsxmsORPQs[R
VssTTH |{y sVLi RLiRV yRVVRV
FyLRiV. BxmsZNP[ xmsVR*
xqsLiRLRiLigS yLji][ RLiR
V Buyg][{tsgS sW
LSNUPRV ssxqs[s[ yVgRiV RaS LSNUPRV xmsRLji sRVxqsV[ xqsgRiLi NRPWy [s C \sFsqs gRi[xs lLiT. BxmsoRV dsLjiRLRiLRiW NRPLRiWV
xqsVkLRi\sVs @sVsLi ARVs r~LiRLi. @Li[NSRV RVVss[R LSNUPRV @sVsLi NRPWy BLiNS sLiy Dxms FssNRP[ FyLki xmsLRiLigSs[
#]H D][gRiVNRPV DR \sR rNRPLRiLi][ FyV G LSxtsQLi[ RVRW.. LSxtsQLi xqs\sVNRPLigSs[ DLiys lLiLiRVgS sVWRV ryLRiV sVVsVLigS Fyyssxqs[s zqsLigji T y[RV. @LiVVy ARVsj NSNRPVLiy RsVNRPV ysVVgS LSNUPRV RORPQRNRPV xmsLkiORPQ
n |< &> syD NRPLiRs xmsWysV xmsVR*Li BrLiRs ARVs sTFsysNTP @sNSaRPLi [Rs D][gRiVV |msR FsRVs @sVFyysV KFyxqss xms @jNSLRi ssxqs[ ]sVLi @sVNRPVsj ryjLiP[yNRP sRs |msVNRPVLiVyLRiV. VgRiV[aRPLi FyLki @LjigS
FyLRiV. D][gRiV xmsRds sLRisV sRVxqsVsV 58 G DRsVLiyLRis @VsLi yLji\|ms Ds ZNP[xqsVsV NRPWy [s FsNRPR Fs DxmsWgjiLiRVNRPVs Fs sgRiVNRPV RR*Li. aRPRVso FsLiR sLiRV\y xqslLi[ GsWRLi LSNUPRV @sVsLi [s WsW
sVLi 60 GNRPV |msLis xmnsVsR RsV xmsVy*s[ss xmsVR*Li @jNSLRiLi[NTP LSgSs[ Fss[zqsLiRs LSy[ zqss s[LRiLjiRsLi NRPgjis yLRiV. ssNSsVVLiRV A[LiRNRPVLiy UN]gRi sLiRlLiTs ]ryLji @|qsdNTP Dxms FssNRP
ARVs xqsxtsQLi P[aSLRiV. D][gRiV[ @aSLi RLiRV gRiVLRiV P[aSLRiV. N]R LSxtsQLi[ ALjiNRP FssNRP LSNUPRV spxLRiRs[ jgS sVVLiT\LRis[VNSRV @LiRNRPVsVLis gRiVLi\LRiLi @LjigS sVVsVLi RLiRV yRVVRV
LRigji[LiRVNRPV \sNSFy @RORPVRV gRi[xslLiT.. xqssVxqsV DsxmsNUP.. ALki{qs NSLjiNRPVNRPV 43 aSRLi }msLRiVsWryLRiV. xmsRLRiV {sRsV xmszqsgRi NRPWy ARVs r~LiRLi. FyLRisVLiV xqsVTgS FsLizmsNRP P[xqsVNRPVyLRiV. RLiRV xmsys LSNUPRV
3 ARVs s[RXR*Li[ xmssP[xqsVs xmsNRP VLRiR [ zmnssVLi Bs G\ZNPNRP xmsVR*Li RsVRs, C @RVsLjigji dRVLi[ ARVsNRPV ARVs[ N]jFy @sVss[V @LiVVy ]ryLji LSxtsQ aRPRVso gRis sWRLi sVWRV ryLRiV @|qsd FssNRP
xmsRVRLi P[rLiRs RLiRV sVLiTxmsyLRiV. sxtsQRVLi[ ]VR RsV xmsVR*Li sLRiRVLi ry @s xmsV sWLRiV LRiVso P[xqsVNRPVyLRiV. sRV @|qsLid FssNRP[ FyLkis sRVLi @LiRVyNRP @sVsLi][ RxmsLiTLiRVNRPVs sLRiVxqsgS
D][gRiV xmsRds sLRisV sRVxqsVsV RgjiryLRis dxqsVNRPVyZNP[ F~LRiVgRiV LSxtsQLi[ 8e |J... rFyysV @LiRVNRPVs[LiRV FsLiR dxqsVNRPVFLiVV RX[ Rzms, @jNSLRi {mshSs lLiLiRVryLRiV FssV[gS, 8e |J...
@| d{
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75.17 X+ VsT
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#H n<&T H|+> jTT< H<+
usY, nyT]\qT <+#q n+#H
d L g` : xms xqsLiRLSs LRi`sV
|RLjiLiRysNTP DxmsWgjiLiRVNRPVLiVs \y
{msxmso= lLi[xtsQs ALki 90 s yL<jiN][R=ys NR-
PWy @LiRVZNP[ yRVNRPVLij. RsV dsVR yT
P[RVysNTP zqsR\sVs G aRPRVso\sy JTLiP[ aRPNTP
{msFsGNRPV DLiRs \y @RORPVRV szmsLig`i
AjyLRiLi @yLRiV. Lki ryLiVV[ sWx
LjiLis \|qssNRP R sLiRsLi {qs*NRPLjiLis
szmsLig`i, {msFsG RVVR xqssRRsV xmsaRPLi
zqsLiyLRiV. AzqsRW[s @ |msR sVLki bPORPQ
ZNP[LiRLi xqsdsVxmsLi[ R NRPyRVsV xmsLRi
s[OTPQLis szmsLig`i {msFsGsV D[bPLi xmsxqsLigji
LiyLRiV. yyxmso 100 RVVR ssWyV,
NRPyRV LRiVgRiVRVs FyLiRLi gRigRisRLi[
FsgRiVLRiVRVLiRgS, 600 LRiNS ARVVysV
{msFsG xmsRLji+LiLij. |qsLi sVLki
NRPsVxtsQs @js[R NRPWy @LiVVs szmsLig`i
xmsxmsLiRLi[s[ @ |msR \|qssLi {msFsGNRPV
xqsLS*js[R. G aRPRVso\sy JTLiP[ aRPNTP DLiRs
szmsLig`i, LRi`sV }msLRiV |ms xmsrysLiR[RV.
@LiVV[.. ][NSLi FyLiRLi[ BLRiV [aS sVR
xmsxtsQLis 8e |J...
= H<+ <dT=dTq #H sT
<ojT +|\ |< dy
m\ s s+>+ |{ |#sTT
@| edTq #+>H y{sY
WT d : xqsLjixRV sR xLiNSLSV sVVLiRVNRPV syLiVV. sVVLigS A[sVV\
sszmsxqsVy, \y[ @LiRLRiRLigS BLiRVNRPV s jgRiV sVVLiRVNRPV syLiVV. yyxmso 51 RVs
xmsLjizqs NRPszmsrLij. A[sVV\ LRiLigRiLi[ LRi`[ yLRi y [V DsxmsNUP, jgRiVsVRVsV
AjxmsRLi LiVVLiRysNTP dLig`i Ds*LRiV RgjiLiP[LiRVNRPV, LkigS \y sVLi xmsRORPQ
][Lij. FsLiR R*LRigS ds\[ @LiR R*LRigS LRi` |msVRVsV |msLiP[LiRVNRPV P[xqsVs RVy[
A[sVV\ LRiLigSs aSzqsLiP[ ryLiVVNTP P[LRiVN][ys gRiLigS LRi` C |qssVyLRiV sLRi*zLi Lij. C
xmsNRPV LRiWF~LijLiRVNRPVLi[Lij. Bs LRiR |qssVyLRiNRPV sLiRNRPV \|msgS A[sVV\ NRPLi|msdsV 180
xmsVR*Li \y[s lLiLiRV xmsys sgRiLS[ |qssVyLRiV sVLij xmssRVsV xmsLiFyLiVV. 2016c17[ \y
sLRi*zLiLij. s[VN`P Bs BLiTRW[ gRiLigS sVLi xmsRORPQ |msVRVV 278 sVRVs yLRiV
sLRi*zLis C |qssVyLRiNRPV |msRFsRVs \y xqsLixqsV NSgS, BLiRV[ 60 aSRLi y 8e |J...
 2 $jTy& keTys+ 31 E 2017

sjT+ ysT... T++ ysT qdH~|

] ] b |#s+ #X
aS xm L , ZN F F WL][: NRPsR ARLjiLis LRidRV
syFyLkiNTP RWLRisVsoRWLiRRLi RsNRPV RgS sWLjis sxtsQRVLi
yxqsss[Vss Fsds[V DxmsLSxtsxms @Lji FsLi.sLiNRPRVyRVVRV @yLRiV.
saS[ AjyLRiLi ryRVLiRLi GLSV P[zqss AdRV @sLiRs xqs[
Fys sLiNRPRV sWRVRW Rs sys sVVxmsozmss sgRiLRiLigS saS
FsxmsNUP Rs sVj[ sVRVVRWs[ DLiVLiRyLRiV. C sgRiLRiLi Rs sys
sVVxmsozmsLiRyLRiV. saS][ RsNRPV Fss[s @sVLiRLi ][VP[xqsVNRPVLiR
yLRiV. saS xmsV @xqsLi][xtsQVs , @LiRNRPV sVLi sVLiyLRis N]sRW
yLRiV. DxmsLSxtsxms xmsRs P[xmss RLRiVyR @LiRLji][ NRPzqsgRiT}ms @sNSaRPLi
N][[sRLi yNRPLRisVyLRiV. xqsx\sVs ssLi gRiRxmsRLi RsNRPV FsLi][
BxtsQsVyLRiV. xmsLjizqsRVNRPV @sVgRiVLigS sVsVxtsQVV sWLS NSds FyLkiV
sWRLi sWLRiNRPWRRyLRiV. LSNUPRVLi s[LRis, NRPVVLi Li s[LRis , @LiRVZNP[ ysV
Rs zmssV LSNUPRW[NTP dxqsVNRPVsP[ xmsRVRLi FsxmsVRW P[RV[RyLRiV.
@LiVV[ C sVR N]LiRLRiV NSys[ Rs NRPVVLi xqsVsV RVNRPV lgi[
xmsRVRLi P[xqsVyLRiyLRiV. NSds ysV FsxmsVRW Rs zms yFyLS[ ,
2019 sTy sj +&q y&
eTT+< #b q* <]+q b
<seTe&+ u<s+
$XK CC\T Vs<+ |{q ss\T, n_eqT\T <q+ deTd| dTBs+> dsT
aS xm L , ZN F F WL][: bdPNSNRPVLi ][ DysLi xqssVxqs\|ms RLjiLiy
|sh| |<$ eHk DysLi][FyV xqsVsWLRiV 11 sVLiR LRiV. sVV\sVs sNRPV V xmssssV
xmssV DNTPLjiNTPLji P[xqsVs NTPU yj xqssVxqs NRPVxqsVN]s DysLi N][xqsLi ysVV
H J$ eT\T||q q>s+ $XK sV xmsLjixtsQLjiLiP[LiRVNRPV sRVLi gjiLis s}qss GLi P[xqsVsj ssLjiLiyLRiV. rsV
FyLki @jxms xmsss NRPNRPV AjyLRiLi saS[ yLRiLi DRRVLi BNRP R sVLi
mjT |sh| nu] y+jTHjTT&T @sWsVV, NSLRiNRPLRi sVLi @LiR ry*gRiRLi ARVs s[LRiVgS gRissLRiLi ssW
LiLij. DRRVLi sVLiP[ |msR FsRVs s}qss yaRPRWsNTP P[LRiVN]s DRRVLi
xqsLixqs[ [NRPLi P[xqsVN][[Rs }msL]yLRiV. [aRPLi[s[ @RVsR\sVs }qssLi FyLki NSLRiNRPLRiV, @sWsVV saS ssWyaRP 10 gRiLi sVLi sVyxLi
jLiP[ xqs*RLiR xqsLixqs[ xqs*LRiLRi xqsV INRPyLRiV. ysV saS sVLiP[ RWsNTP P[LRiVNRPVyLRiV. DRRVLi 9 gRiLiNRPV xmsss lLiLiRV gRiLi sLRiNRPV sVVsVLi
LjiOSQ[ Ljigji FyLki N][xqsLi xmsyLRiLi P[zqss sxtsQRWs C xqsLiRLRiLigS gRiVLRiV P[xqsVNRPV NRP ssWyaRPRWsNTP P[LRiVNRPVLiLRis ]VR ][ DysLi xqssVxqs\|ms RLjiry
yLRiV. 2019 RLRiVyR ysV LSNUPRW[ DLiRRRVN][[Rs C sxtsQRWs sLS*xNRPVV xmsNRPLiy xqsVsWLRiV 11.30 gRiLi LRiV. @NRPR sVLi \|RLS`
sVVLiRVgSs[ xmsys sWUNTP NRPWy FysyLRiV. RsNRPV @xmsgjiLis NRPV syLRiV. NSLRiNRPLRiV, @sWsVV xmssssV sLRiV. xqs[ ZNP[|` xqsWxmsLjiLi
DxmsLSxtsxms xmsRsNTP ss dxqsVNRPVsrysyLRiV. RVVsVVRLi][ xmsNRPs[ Ds sVL][ sWLRiLi y*LS P[zqss @RRVs ssLSV, xmssL`iFyLiVVLi xmsLi LiLi yNRPL`i .@LRiVsNRPV xmsss @sLiRsV
C AdRV xqs[ ALiRxms[a`P LRidRV syFyLki @RORPVRV, saS ARVssV FdxqsVV RVNRPV dxqsVNRPVsyLRiV. [xtsQsV][ xmsssNRPV @NRPR xqssVxqs dsRsV RV RV[aSLRiV. ry*gRi][xmsyxqsLi NSsVlLiT LS[tsQ
FyLRisVLi xqsVRV NRPLiLiFy xLjiV, @sNSxms FyLRisVLi xqsVRV @NRPR sVLi sVRVLRiyR ds NRPs*s<s |qsLiL`i sLRiNRPV [aSLRiV. @[ sRLigS xqssVxqs xmsLjiuyLSsNTP FsV P[RVgS LRiVxmsNTP Lijs s}qss FyLki s[R LSsV
sVVRLiZaP bdPsyxqsLSso, FssVd=V FsLi. .s.Fsqs.sVWLji, zms.s.Fss.sWRs, sgRiLRiLi[ LkigS LSd sLRi*zLiyLRiV. xqsVsWLRiV sLi RLRiV P[xmssj \sRVV RV[aS NRPXxt , saSNRPV Lijs \sRVV, s[VysoV BRLRiV
gS bdPsyxqsVyRVVRV, aSxqssxqs VV xmsLiRNRPLRi LRis[VtsQV, LiyLRiV lLiLiRV gRiLiNRPV \|msgS xmsss ry*gRiR LSd rygjiLij. LRiV. xmsss xmsxqsLigRiLi 2.25 gRiLiNRPV FyLRiLi\sVLij. V xmssssV ry*gRiLiyLRiV. FsLiVVL`i FLRiV[ xmsss
xqsRyLSRVsVWLji, g_RV aSsVxqsVLi RLRi bPy, sgRixmspT LSsVNRPXxtsQV, sVyxLi 12.30gRiLiNRPV xqssWs[aRPLi sVVgjiRW ARVs NTPU xqssVxqsV dsR, xmsLjiuyLRiLi, xmsV NRPNRPV xmnsVsLigS ry*gRiRLi xmsNTPs @sWsVV
xms bdPsyqs, sLigRixmspT @sR, d[{ms {qssRVL`i s[R z{msds RxmsLSso, sW = DLiRgS xmsss AxqsLigS P[LRiVN][sRLi][ y*V RR B @s[NRP @LiaS\|ms sWyLRiV. NS[[V {qsFsLi @LiW syyV P[aSLRiV. sVL][ \sxm-
sVLiRVV yT dsLRiRLSso, Fsqs.AL`i.T.zms @xmssLji=LixLS, zqsFsLiAL`i @xms sLRiNRPV LRi*L`i RVWssLji= \sRVV, xqssVxqs xmsLjiuyLRis[V RsV [RVsVs BLiRV[ s[lLi[ so ALiRxms xms[NRPLigS xmsRVLjiLis DysLi
gRiWxmso xqsLixqs @js[R sWspLji sLiNRPLRisV, FyLjiaSsVNRP s[R FsLi.sLiNRP sgRiLSsNTP Lijs xmsVsoLRiV s[VysoV DysLi FsVsLi NRPV,sVR, , LSNUPRWNRPV xqsLiLi NRPRysV sLi AxqsNTPgS RjyLRiV. rysNRP s[RV
LSso, zqsdssVRV g]xmspT sWLRiVdLSso, N][s[LRiV LSsVNRPXuyLSso, ]NSNRPV xqssVxqs\|ms ysVV P[zqss @R RVs ssLSsV s RLi[Rs FyLRiV. @NRPR sVLi ysV xqs P[zqss xmsyms, xqsdtsQ RjRLRiVV FyyLRiV. s}qss
sLiNRPLSso, xmsVsoLRiV s[RV , FyLjiaSsVNRPs[RV , FyLki NSLRiNRPLRiV TLiyLRiV. ILigRiLi RLRiVyR xmsss xmsys x[NRPV s[LRiVgS sFRWLRiV. @NRPR NRPWy FyLkiNTP Lijs xmsyms RRR dxqsVN]s RjsxqsVs
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DsyT #Tsd B\T

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saS aSLRiy{mshRiFyR zmnsLisVsgRiL` \sxqssysLi
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sVLi][ [ @soyLRiV.
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s RWzms @sLiR \lLiyLigSs NSFy[LiRVZNP[ lLiLiVVsgRis y*LS LRiORPQNRP RRV
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gRiVLiWLRiV RVLRiV, sVLigRigjiLji sVLiR[ {qsAL`iUG xmsLjij[ Ds
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n|& <X eT+sE\T: dT|+sT & ddt #\yTXsY

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sLiys xqsV{msLiN][LRiV T zqsqs zqs Rs[VaRP*L`i
@yLRiV. AjyLRiLi ZNP.N][FyRV sVLiRLi[s Fs.N][RWLRiV
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sLjiLis WsVN`P LiVV=, AL` J FyLisV zqs
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xqsLiRLRiLigS zqsqs .Rs[VaRP*L`i sWRVRW xms
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xmsLjizqs FsNRPVsgS soLiRs, xmsVR*Li, xqs*RLiR xqsLixqsV
NRPLis @sNSaSsV ssWgjiLiRVNRPVs xms INRPLRiV
zLRiLigRi sVsVWR sxqsLRis sRy[ sRLigS sVVLiRVNRPV
rygSs zmsVxmsosyLRiV. xLSy LSxtsLi[ xmsLiyLiVVd
xqsLRiLi`gS F P[RWLi[ sjgS sVLRiVgRiV]RV soLiy
s @NRPR RLi @sVV P[xqsVs sxtsQRWs Rs[VaRP*L`i xm-
srysLiyLRiV. sRVsgRiLRiLi xmspxqsFy AsLiR
xqsVsWLRiV 25 lLissW gSsW[s RVVsd RVsNRPVNRPV C DFyj @sNSaSV
NRPLiP[LiRVNRP xmsVR*Li xmsNRP zqsRLi P[zqsLij. LSys sLSLi N][xqsLi
xqs*RLiRLigS sVVLiRVNRPV ss yLji xqsL ZOP[QsVLi N][xqsLi C N]R A[RsNRPV bdPNSLRiLi
m>Teq Zq es< |yV+
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yR sX xmspLji P[zqss xqsLiRLiVVd gRixmsLS G NRPVVLiNRPV IN][sNRPV LRiW.2500 sLiRVs |mss<ssV NRPWy @LiR[rLij. C \| R LS` , AL R xm : sk xmsLjiyxNRPLigS FsgRiVss
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BNRP[ DLiW xms N][xqsLi }qss P[RWs[ A[P[s DFyj NRPLiP[LiRVNRPV RLRiV P[xmsLij. yLji syL>RiR AyLRiLigS yLjiNTP s sLRiRds P[LjiNRPV sVLiRgjiLiyLiVV. lLiLiRV L][ NTPLiR
sRsLi[s[ LSsLi @sLiRdsRVsVyLRiV. LRiLigS[ xmsVLi \sxmso bPORPQ @LijLiRsVLij. ksNTP {qsAL`iUG AR*LRiLi[ yNRP ORPQ NRPW|qsNRPVNRPV \|msgS Ds sLRiRds P[LjiNRPV NRPs[Vzms
@sLiRLRiLi xqsy FnLi[xtsQs FsLiU, saS sW @sVLSs \sxmsosXj xqsLixqs (GFsqsUH)sV xmsVR*Li BxmsZNP[ GLSV RgRiVRW sxqsVyLiVV.kLi][ VgRiVLSuyNRPV NRPXuy
FsLi{ms DsW gRixmsLS NRPVsWlLi xqsLiRLiVVR P[aSLRiV. C xqsLixqs y*LS RVVsRNRPV ssR xmssVV xqsLixqs[ bPORPQ BzmsLiyLRiV. LSNRP[ sVLjiN]LiR xmsLi LRigRisVLiRs @jNSLRiVV V
gRixmsLS sWRVRW BxmsZNP[ [ 30 LSxtsLi, BRLRi LSuysQ[sW, rysNRPLigS {qsAL`iUG @jNSLRiV xqsRV RVyLRiV. NRPXuysjNTP xmsys DxmssjgS Ds RVLigRiR
xmsLiyRVd[ xqsy {qs y*LS }qsy NSLRiNRPsWV FyLRiLi xqsxNSLS][ yLRiV ssR xqsLixqs[ D][gSV F~LiyLRiV. {qsAL`iUG xmsLjizqs sVLjiLiR sLSaSsNRPLigS DLij. AjyLRiLi FsgRiVs
LiysVyLRiV. saS RVLiyLigRiLi xqsxNSLRiLi][ ytsQ[LRiV[ F~LiRVxmsLjis xmsNSLRiLi Bxms sLRiNRPW GFsqsUH AR*LRiLi[ sVLi AsV aRPRVLi[NTP BsFqs 37332 NRPW|qsNRPV
ssR xqsLixqs[ 483 sVLijNTP bPORPQ ByLRiV. yLji[ 386 sVLijNTP D][gSV NRPV xmsTFLiVVLij. aRPRVLi[ xmspLjiryLiVV ds sVs
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LRiW.40 ORPQ][ WsVN`P LiVVV, AL][* FyLiV RVLRiV sVLiRLi[ bPORPQ y*LS 254 sVLijNTP DFyj LiRgS, y[xms FsLi{qsNRPV \|msgSs[ d DLij. FsgRiVssVLi sxqsVs 37332 sLRiRds P[LjiNRPV RgSLiVV. FsgRiVs sVLi 13072
BNRPR GLSV P[zqssV xqsLiRLiVVR ssLjiLiyLRiV. sVLiRLi[ 51 sVLij, sVLigRigjiLji sVLiRLi[ 33 sVLijNTP DFyj NRPW|qsNRPV[ 21683 NRPW|qsNRPV dss aRPRVLisVLi NRPW|qsNRPV dsLRiV P[LRiVRVLiRgS FyNRPV[ ds sVs
@sLiRLRiLi @sNSxms FsLi{ms @sLi bdPsyxqsLSso, LSxqs LiLij. bPORPQ [NRPVLiy s[LRiVgS RVLRiV sVLiRLi[ 11sVLij, y[xms RVNRPV sRVR P[xqsVyLRiV. jgRiVss Ds yLSRV 37.67FsLi{qsV DLiRgS, rygRiVds xmsRNSNRPV 1142
sW xqsVRV RWLRigRiR OUPQxmsry`, FsLizmszms xqssLRixmso xm- sVLiRLi[ 28 sVLij, sVLigRigjiLji sVLiRLi[ 80 sVLij DFyj F~LiyLRiV. xmspL`i aRPRWsNTP FsgRiVssVLi 19278NRPW|qsNRPV dsLRiV NRPW|qsNRPV dss sRVR P[xqsVyLRiV. RVLigRiR FyNRPV
souysd LSsVVyRVVRV, xqsLRiLi` NRP @NRPsV sV[aRP* RVVsRNRPV ssR xqsLixqs[ bPORPQ P[LRiV][Lij. C aRPRVLi[ ds sVs gjiLjixtsQryLiVVNTP xmspLji ryLiVV[ sLi[LiRVNRPV BLiNS 63.19FsLi{qs dsLRiV
LRiLSsoV sWRVRW xmsNRPV }qss P[}qs gRiVLi NRPgjisoLi RVVsRNRPV Fs@Li`R uyxmspLki @Li` xms[Li, Fs{msFsqsG{qsFsqs, P[LRiVs[ DLij. 1.106FsLi{qs s[VLRiNRPV sWRs[V d P[LS=soLij. @R DLiRgS jgRiVss bdP\ZaPLi, ygSLRiVs
RLi @LiRLjiNUP P[RNSRs xqsLiRLiVVRNRPV A[Rs LSsLi ryLjisV, NRPXuy Lki JsL`i= @rzqs[VxtsQs, GFs{qs= @Li` NRPWFsN`P= \s zqs DLiRgS, aRPRVLi sVLi 16970NRPW|qsNRPV dss RV rygRiL`i aRPRW[ `rlLi[ ds sVsV NRPWy
AsLijLiy=s sxtsQRVsVyLRiV. FsLi{msU[ xmspLjisW[s \sLig`i |qsLiL`i, RxzqsL`i NSLSRVLi, GUFsqs rymnsN`P, |qsLiVVLi NRPV sRVR P[xqsVyLRiV. LS FyNRPVNRPV FsgRiVssVLi RLRiVgRiVRVyLiVV. bdP\ZaPLi[ dssVLi 777 @RVgRiVNRPV
@RORPQRs Ljigjis C NSLRiNRPsVLi[ ][RsLRiLi, @sNSxms s=s[L`i, G{msFsqsFsqsU{qs, y FnLi[xtsQs, BsyW sLi xqsLixqs[ GsR\sVs sLRiR dsLRiV P[LRiLi[RV. LS[ ds sVs xmsTFgS, ds sVs 19.56FsLi{qsV sWRs[V DLij.
N][LRiV TV, xqsLRiLi`V, FsLizmszqs xqsVV, \sqs FsLi{ms{ms bPORPQ BzmsLiyLRiV. yLRiV Li` xqslLi[*, Hcy, \sLig`i, sqs NRPLRiryLi 6.188 FsLi{qsV DLiRgS, xmsVR* A[aSs[VLRiNRPV 2477 jgRiVss ygSLRiVs rygRiL`i[ dssVLi 500.8@RVgRiVNRPV
LiyLRiV sVLigRixms, NRP sV[aRP*LRiLSso, RV s=, sqs |mnszqs[L`i, FsNTPNRP, \L`i, FsgjiNRPWs, NRPxqssVL`i ZNP[L`i NRPW|qsNRPV dss rygRiVds xmsRNSNRPV sRVR P[xqsVyLRiV. RLjigjiFgS, aRPRVLi[ 116.576FsLi{qs dsLRiV sVs
DsW[s, C[{msAL`iU Fsqs.@FyLSso, @s aS FsgjiNRPWs, zqsN`P, |LRi s[VNTPLig`i, sVgRiLi sL`i, g`i= RRWLki sLi RVLigRiR[ Rgjis sLRiR DLij. aRPRVLi sVLi 400NRPW|qsNRPV dss ygRiVds
@jNSLRiVV RjRLRiVV FyyLRiV. y[ bPORPQ F~LiyLRiV. RVLigRiR aRPRVLi[NTP NRPWy FsgRiVssVLi @sxqsLS Ljiy RVNRPV sRVR P[xqsVyLRiV.
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ALiRxms ryLRixqs*R s[jNRP

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sNRPLRiVRLi[ NRPLRiVT NRPVsWLRiVRsVNRPVs[
nejT+ yLRiV DLiRsRV. @LiVV[ sNRPLRiVRV N_LRi
sVLRiRLi[ [s sxtsQRVsVVs gRiLiRs[Vj DLiRRLiLRiV xmsLiTRVV.
soV sWLRiVgRiVLji[ xmsssVRsyRV. @ sWss sysNTP xqsLiLijLis xms NRPRsLi LRiRLi[ NRPszmsxqsVLij. @LiR
RLiRVs xso[ NRPVLRiVZOP[QR xqsLigSsVLi[ xmsRVys L][s sryLRi LRiWxmssVVs gRiLiRLi sVLRiRLi. sVLRiRLi dsVR LjigjisLiR RLRi
P[Ljis sVsztsQ dsVVT P[[ sNRP LRiVRV sVLRiryRV. RXR LRiR[aRPLi[ sVlLi[ gRiLiRLidsVR LRigRi[RLi[ @aRPWNTP NSRV. FssLji\ZNPy
sWLji s}qs FsLiR gRiVV! LSxtsQVT NRPVsWLRiV[ RLSRLRi sRORPQ LRiRLi[s xmsys NRPR sWRs[V xmsLjiRLigS DLiVLij. xmsys NRPR[s FyR
BxmsVRV RLiRVs y\|ms jgjis gRiyRV BR]NRP[. }msLRiV xmspLjigS zqssyLRiV s[dsVR NTPLiP[ @LiRsVLij NRPWy soLiRLRiLi[
AL`iryLig`i, AsV sNRPssVRV RXRLSxtsQVT sWLRiV
@RT gRiVLi Rso*RVyLRiV gRiy! sVLij NRPVsWLRiV[ INRPRV.FsLiRsVLij AaRPLRixmsRszqss @sxqsLRiLi [RV.
C }msLRiV ss soLiLRiV? BRRV 14s L][ 4245 }msLRiV BLi RV[
RVVRLi[ dsVVT P[[ sVLRiryRV. 14s L][ RVVRLi[ DyLiVV. FssLjiNTP FsLiRVNR-
dsVVT P[[ xmsjsVLij N_LRisoV sVLRiryLRiV. PV A }msLRiV sLi][, yLji
sFyaRP }msLRiV][ INRP xmsosj DLij. @LRiyxqsLi[ Ds FyLiR sXyLi Rs[VsV[ sLi
@LiaSV NRPWy
soV L][sVaRP sVxL<ji ssLjiLi xmsgS C dLSs RLji+ryLRiV. N]s }msLRi sxtsQRVLi[
DgRiVRV GNSRaRP LRiVRV[ INRPRV. @LiaRPVRV NRPaRPxmsxmsNTP NRPszms ryLiVV. C gRiLiRLi
sLigS yV @jRVLiRV xmso y*RaSjRV[ INRPRV. @L<RisVV @Li[ @xtsQ [s @s sxtsQ RWsV sNRPLRiVRV
sR sy[ B]NRP. CaSsLi @Li[ xmsLRisV bPsos HRV sVV xmsLjibdP}qs ARVs aRPsV
A RLiRVs gRiVLi Rs[ RTzqs GsV [ @LRisVsoRVLij.
sVVNTP F~Lij [ INRP. EztsQyVRV zmsRXRV xmnsLi[ gRiLi NRPyRV. x C ysWs ANSLRi NRPsVLi[ P[RVTLij. BLiRV[ xqsLiNRPsLi P[zqss
aSLiFysoLS\
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sWssoRV gSV NRPzms 1367, LRi[xqsLi[s FyRV gRiso. @s[V gSNRP ssxmsLRi*Li[ sP[ dLRi
A Rs yLRisV @Li[ sso* sVVLi][ LS xmsgRi ysW, zRVsV NRPs|msRLi. ZOP[QRsVV}msLRiV, y s }qss}qs sP[ xmnsyV, xmsaRPVxmsOSQ RVV, RLRi, DRV
RLiRVT\|ms NSTs NRPVsVVRVRV NRPVsWLRiry*sV VRV ZNP[bPs INRP [sy{qsQ. RXRLSxtsQV s c IN][ gRiLi
C gRiNTP sWxqsVN]}qs 699/c LRiWFyRVV, RLSNRPV, xqsLiLijLis @s[NRP DFyyV, ssR yy ss xqsLiNRPsVLiP[ xm-
A @sLiR xqsVyrygRiLRiLi xqsLiRLRiLigS LSzqss sNTP gSLiyLji RVLiRV sLis sWLRiVgRiVLRiV xmsoRV }msLRiV so xmnsV, ryLiWgRi ssLSV, NRPV xmsLRi*yV, ssk*Fy ssLSV,
xmsRVNRPV ][sgRiVLi @xqsQaRPxqsQsVV }msLRiV y sZaP[uyV, RVRWgSRV }msLRiV sVLRiR NSLi[s
Fyss\sVsyV NRPsR) RW? s[LiNRP xqsVxLi, sxmsy }msLRiV sVVR\sys F~LiRVxmsLjiyLRiV xqsV xsVV.
jgjis}qs, jsxqsW BRLiy GsV? @Li[ ksNTP xqssWysLi ][sgRiVLi sLiNRP BLi xqsVxLi kss INRP RxmsxqsV=gS, sRLjiyLRi sVx RVgS sLisV
BNRPT NRPVVsV NRPTlgi[zqs xqsVsVLi sVsLjiLis ysVN][aRPsVV (NRPsRRV bdPsVyLiR sLi.17c1c388/1/Fs, bdPOUPQsgRiL`i NSds, \|qsy`, \|RLS` c dsLji xmsRVRLi sjRLi P[xqsVsj. @uy RaRP xmsLRi*sLRi*x xqsLiXR\sV |mssVF~LiRV
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xqsVsWVgS xmspLiVV}qs ]LRiVNRPVRVLij. xqsLiRLRi+s ryRXaRPsVV. sWsxqs xqsL][sLRi rys xmso*NRPXR xmnsRsVV. sR NRPyNRPRs
BNRP sVLRiRsVV }msLRiV sss LRidRVVV DLiRLRiV. RLRiRLS yLR xqsR*L [aRPNS FyR RLS RLRi\sVs sWsVxtsQ[NS[NRP \sxmnsVLiV dNRPLRi. bdP
FsLiR gRiVV gS C sVLRiys sWssoV sLiW sxqsVyLRiV. LRiys, @LiRV[ sP[ rsVLRixqsLi rsVR @s[ INRP dgRisVLiT RVLi[ sVLi][NRPLigS xqsVxLi RWxqs sVxL<ji sLRiVNRP NRPXztsQs RzmsLi xms[xqsVLiRLiLRiV @NTPLS
yV xqsVs A LSV, A RW Dxms yV sLiR xqsLi[ DLiLiVV. sVLRiys ZNP[sLi INRP zmsLiT A rsVLRirys dzqs FydsRVLigS LRiWF~LijLi ylgi[yLRiV. (Bj LRisWxmsLSso C gRiLiysNTP LSzqss sVVLiRVsW[. yLRisV Bj sV
INRPryLjigS }ms NRPVLRiVFyLiRso RLjiRgS sWRs[V RWRNRPWRRV. @xqsV xmsys NRPR[s }msLRiV s[RNSsNTP Lijs sVRVxmsyLRiLi. xmssR\sVsjgS gRizLiP[yLRiV) RVs[V. dss xmspLji P[RVysNTP gRiLiR NRPLRiNRPV xmsRsVWRV xqsLisR=LSV
sLiR xqsLi[ DLi[ Dxmss FyRV NRPWy NRPzqs s[xqsLigS DLiLiVV. xmsLiRLi[ FsLiR XxyLRisW @LRisVso RVLij. C ysVN][aRPsVV IN]NRP
BNRPT sWrys [*uys
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RzLis[}qs LijsjgS xmsRVRVLij. RVsVV @s[ }msLRiV gRi C BxqsLi ss[V RVVs sP[ [sRNRPV xmsLiP[yLRiV. yLji][ FyV VV*NRPVV ylgi[yLRiV. RVWssLji+[ P[RW=s xmss. ILiP[][ C NSLSs xqsVxLi xmspLji
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C LiVd RVssW y*LS sVLRiRLigS xmsTLij. \|xRVVRV NRPXRdsLRiVT NRPVsWLRiVRV NSsos NSLRidsLRiVRs, ""BLiR xqsLiNTPxtsQ NSLSs bdP xqsVxLigSLRiV @ gRiVLRiWNRPR][
sVLRiRLi[ [s sxtsQRVsVVs gRiLiRs[Vj DLiR RLiLRiV xmsLiTRVV. @xqsV }msLRiV @LRiVsVRV NS NSLRidsLSsVRV @s[ }msLRiV][sW, sLRi*zLiyLRiV. IN][ AL][xms @s[NRP xqsLiR LS[ xmsrysRsRW DLiVLij.
@LiRVNRPV @sxqsLRisVVP[ BLiRyd dssLids INRP NRPsVLi[ P[Lji ssLjiLiRs[V INRP g]xmsxmss. INRP sRLigS RW}qs
@ sWss sysNTP xqsLiLijLi s xms NRPRsLi LRiRLi[ NRPszmsxqsVLij. @LiR
sW\ P[}qs}qs sryLRi LRiWxms sVVs gRiLiRLi sVLRiRLi. sVLRiRLi dsVR Ljigji sLiR RLRi s[LiVV P[RVV NRPyRV NS xqsxxqs xRV @s[ }msLRiV][ xmszqsj sxmnsVLiV sLSLi NRPLi[ C ysVN][aRP sLSLi xqsLiNTPxts Q\sVsj'' @LiLRiV N][s
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xmspLjigS zqssyLRiV s[dsVR NTPLiP[ @LiR sVLij NRPWy soLiRLRiLi[ AaRPLRi xmsVR*sVV sVLiT Fy=xLi DLij. gRiLiRLi @NSLSR NRPsVNRP[ \sxmnsVLiV
RVV][yRV xXRRW[
xmsRszqss @sxqsLRiLi [RV. BNRP Dxmsy][ NRPzqs soLi[ s[ xqsLi[s }msLRiV
@xtsQLRiV FssLRiLi[ bdPNRPXxtsQVs LRiV LRiVNTP [s, Li NRPsVVgS LRiWF~LijLi yLRiV. kss xmsLjia][RNRP syLRiVV @NRPLRi gRiLiRLigS DxmsW
xmsLjisLRiy RVFnysV xqsXztsQLi @ds FssLjiNTP VryLiVV. LRiRLi[ IZNP[}msLRiV gRiyLRiV BRLRiV, sVVgRiVLRiV Ds s, xqsRsV, NSLij, sVRsLiR, xqsR, R, ORPQ sVVRgRiV gjiLiRVN][gRiLRiV. ][sgRiVLi yLji sWLRisVV FsLiRLjiN][ sxtsQRV[ ][ssV
C [NSs aRPVj P[}qs xqsLiRLSV NRPWy DyLiVV. FssLRiV FssL][ Vxms gRi xmsLjizqs FsLiRLjiNTP VxqsV? yLRiV. (1336 }ms) B INRP sxtsQRVLi NSRV sVLRiysNTP RWxmsgRiRV @LiLRiV C gRiLiysV gRiVLjiLi sVVjg]LiR bPsxmsry`.
FsLiR gRiVV! B }msLRiV yLjiNTP xqsLiLijLis ssLSV }qsNRPLjiLiRRsVsj NRPWy rysW xqsLiLijLis @s[NRP sxtsRWV ysVN][aRPsVV gRiLiRLi[ ryLiVV. BLiRLji |msR xmsaRPLixqsLiRVNRPVs C ysVN][aRPsVV xmsVR* gRiLiyRW
s\sVs sxtsQRVLi NSRV. @Li @rysWs\sVs sxtsQRWs dxqsVN]s ][s ][sgRiVLi s[LiNRP xqsVxsVV ALiRxms[a`P k gSdsV xmsLjiaRPsV [sW, NS[, RVWssLji+ gRiLiyRW[sV DLiRszqss @sxqsLRi
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FyLRiV.LRi` Li |msR[aRPLi[ Fs{qs xqsLixqsLRiNRPV sVRRV FyLSsVLki RsV xqsRV NSLRiNRPsW N][xqsLi
sV, @ryLij Fys, G LRiV. CryLji AgRixqsV 15s ry*RLiR j[R=ys [aRP xmsV ""xqsLi xmsNTPs xmsLiRLjiNUP sWU NRPXRRV FyLRiV. Fs{qs\|ms FssLji yRVRVysVs FyLRiV. sLRiR xmsLjizqs[ xmss P[xqsVs yLji nyT~ # k<sT\ $q qT
Fys NSgS, NRPLRij d NRP xmsL`i* '' [y "" [ Amns Lji*'' }msLRiV][ LRiVxmsoN][ys szms ryLiVV[ yLRiV sVRRVxmsNRPRs[V NSNRPVLiy xmsV RVWssLji=[ xqssVs*RVLi N][xqsLi 24 gRiLi NRPLi[ LRiWsV INRP 1078
Fys, ARVs LRij G Fy P[aSLRiV. 125 N][ LRidRVVV [aRPLi N][xqsLi G][INRP P[RWs C @ V[ j : DRLRixms[a`P @s[Vj [s @
INRP xqsN`P gS |msRLi RsNRPV AsLiRLi NRPgjiLiLiRyLRiV.xmsd s sLiL`i][ xmss P[rLiRs FyLRiV. sVVLigS sLRiR s xmsLiV NS NRPV C LSd xmsLiRVgRi LRiNSLi
s LRiNRPLi. kLi][ A sVzV RsV ry*RLiR j[R=sLi L][ xqsLiNRPLi @sVV P[}qs...2022 yNTP Rs sVsxqsV[s ysV xmsLiRVNRPVs[ NSLRiNRPsVLi sVsNUP `[ yaRPs\sV \lLiRVV RxmsRVRVyLRis sWU yFRWLRiV.
NTPUsV ry sVz LRiNRPV LRiR [aRP LRiWxmsolLi[[ sWLjiFyRVs FyLRiV. gRiVLRiVLiTFsVLij. [s yLjiyLji
xmsxqsLigjiLis sWU...Fs{qs s xmssV xqsLixqsLRi NRPLi[ @|msR yysLRi ZNP[Liy sVVLiRxqsV |RLjiNRPV NRPRLigS DLiRRLi rRLRiVV C ryLji LSd xmsLiRVgRiNRPV sVV
ysLi P[zqs RsV LRisV NSFyRV RVVsRNRPV jaSslLi[aRPLi xqsLixqsLRigS @sLjiLiyLRiV. Fs{qs @sV\ sL][V NSsRLi][ s sLRiR jR xms[aS[ xmssV d P[LiVVLi Fy suys
NRPVLiVyLRiV. C ss LRisVLi yaSsV xsVgS @LijLiR
sW BLiTRW N][xqsLi RVVsR s sWLSsV ysV y AsLiRLigS DysyLRiV. Fs{qs sxtsQRVLi[ RsV xm- syLjiLiysVs FyLRiV. BxmsZNP[ gRiVLS`sV xqsLiRLji+Lis sWU [RVyLRiV. zLRiLigRi sVsxqsLRis][
y yNRPL`i xqsLikms gSLRi` s[RXR*Li[ @s[*ztsQLiys N][LSLRiV. [aSsXjNTP RVVsR As\s[ P[}qs sVR*Li s[zqss sVVLiRRVgRiV\|ms xms sVLi @ZaP[xtsQ\sVs xqsLijs @rLiNRPV NRPWy sVLigRiyLRiLi ssVyLRiV. BRLRi LSuysQsW
sRVrLij. NRPlgi[ @sLS\|ms @sgSxs NRPxqsW,
xmssV s ryLi{mnsVNRP RWLSyLSV LRiWxmsosWxmssRs FyLRiV. sLiRs FyLRiV. Fs{qs @sVV RLS*R sysryLRi RLRi xqsLiRLji+ryLRiV. xqs*R xqssV @[ @s[Vj NS @[
V }msLji NSLRiNRPsVLi P[xmsLij. NRPV Lijs 854 sVLij rRLRiVV C
xqssVsR Lji}qsxtsQs P[LiVVLiRVNRPVyLRis @s[Vj dmns sms sVLi @jNSLji
s |e<\ >TZeTTK+
W T d : Bs NSLi[ LRiR
\lLi[*[ xmssWyV RgRiVsVVLi
> >Ts+& sdq\T @xmspLRi* RW[ ssLjiLiyLRiV. C ryLji yLRiV yLji @NS NRPV sVWRaSsV
xsVgS NRPy*s sLRiLiVVLiRVNRPVsV ARVs FyLRiV. C sVW
RaSsV yLjiyLji rRLRiV r~LiR ssLRiV][s[ sLjiLi Bs*RLi LRiVgRiV
RVLiRs ARVs }msL]yLRiV. @sLiRLRiLi NRPsV sLRi*zLiP[ NUP y[ sVVgRiV
Ljis FsLizmsNRPP[zqs LRiW.50s[ LRiWFyRV sLRiNRPV xsVRV][FyV sVV\ NR-
xmsLiVV. ZNP[LiR \lLi[* aS Ry +<+ C+ #dTy\ n\|+ &e+& PWy @LijLiRsVyLRiV. sLjiLis sVWRaSsV @jNSLRiV XLiRLi Rsd
xmssWV sVLjiLiR sVLRiVgRiV xmsLRi yLj L g` : xms[NRP gRiVLSLi` N][xqsLi gRiR N]jL][VgS rygRiVRVs sLRixqssV P[xqsVLiRs, ryLiVV[ Ljilgi[ NSLRiNRPsVLi[ s[RNRPV xsV
RRLi][ xmssWy xqsLi Rgjis sLRisjNRPLigS N]srygRiVRVyLiVV. AjyLRiLi NRPWy |msR FsRVs LSdV, @LiR[rysVs RW}ms FyLRiV.
V A sgRiLi sTLis J xmsRLRi+sV LjigSLiVV. s[Fyd ryLixmsyRV RVxqsVsV RLjiLi ALi][sNSLRiVV
ss[jNRP C s[VLRiNRPV }msL]Lij. R
y xmssW[ @RVyRs
ryLiZNP[NRP ssxqssV DxmsWgjiLiRRLi ss[ xmssWy syLRi ryR\sVLiRs
xmsRLRi+s sLRi*zLiyLRiV. RsV TsWLi`\|ms ZNP[LiR xmsVR*Li rysVNRPWLigS
xqsLijLiP[LiRsLRiNRPV sLRixqssV ds[j [Rs xqsLiLijRsLSV sTLiyLiVV.
gRiVLSLi` xmsys NSLRiRLji+ L][xs gjiLji sWRVRW RsV TsWLiR\|ms BxmsZNP[
|<\ du \+ |+| \+
ss[jNRP @FyRVxmsTLij. 2014c15 ALjiNRP xqsLisR=LRi NSLi[ \lLiV
xmssWyV 153 LjigSRVs, 2015c16[ 107 xmssWyV sWRs[V
ZNP[LiR xmsVy*sNTP RV[aSsVyLRiV. xqsVsWLRiV 23 L][VgS sLji*LSsVLigS b+rjT b\ <d
DRsVLi P[xqsVs RsV\|ms LSxts xmsVR*Li FdxqsV][ s[jLixmsoV FyRVRVLiRs FyhRiaS, NRPaSNRPV Li` sVLi sVsLiVVLixmso
LjigSLiVV. ss[jNRP sTLis ssLS xmsNSLRiLi gRiRLi NRPLi[ 36 xmssWyV
RgjisV zmsLij. @LiVV[, C xqsLi 2016c17 sVLjiLiR RgRiVsVVLi
AL][zmsLiyLRiV. N]LiR FyLiR\sVs yLjiLig`i }qsxtsQs, zqsLig`isWLji, _L`i RjRLRi yLjiLig`i xqsdsVxmsLi[s xms[ DsVsLi FyhRiaS, NRPaSNRPV jT|@ # |f m@ ePV+
xms[aS[ sWxLjiLis Ry gSsV RORPQs[V DxmsxqsLixLjiLiys Li` sVLi sVsLiVVLixmso LiLij. N]LiR FyLiy[ sLRisjNRPLigS Li` WT d : |msR xqs[ Li |msLiRVNRPV
xmsRVRVLiRs AaSsLi sNRPLi P[zqsLij. BxmssLRiNRPV C [Vyj ZNP[sLi 29 TsWLi` P[aSLRiV. @NRPT sVLi gSsV DxmsxqsLixLjiLiP[sLRiNRPV sLRixqss
sWRs[V LjigjisV zmsLij. xqsVsWLRiV 48.3 aSRLi xmssWyV syLRi N]srygRiVRVsxmsNUP syLRiV sxtsQ`sV D[bPLi syxqsLixqs sRFys s[LiRVNRPV d[{ms P[xqsVs xmsRVyV
NSLRiNRPsVLi P[xms xmsVR*Li IT rysVyLRiV. ALi][s][ @VRVNRPVRVs RWsWyV sLRiLiVVLiyLiVV. C s[VLRiNRPV g][LSLi` DRsV xqssVs*RV IN] NRPgS xmnsxqsVyLiVV. FyLidRV
@RWRVs sTLiLij. 2015c17 xmsxqsLigRiLi[ \lLi[* aS sVLi yLjiLig`i[ ryyLRi xmsLjizqsRVV sN]s[LiRVNRPV BLiL`is }qssV xmspLjigS
xqsVlLi[tsQ xmsV NRPWy \lLiV xmssWy syLRi\|ms ysVV dsLigS RXztsQ NRPsV sR sVLi @sVsV dxqsVNRPVsV FyLiVV. zqsgRiVLji, sWgRiLRi RjRLRi FyLkisV ssVVNRPVs LRiLigRiLi[NTP jgjis
szmss[zqssV @jNSLRisLSV FyLiVV. yLi][FyV FdxqsV XLiyV FyLiy[ RLRigRiRVV FyLRiLirysVs FyhRiaS @rzqs[VxtsQs yRVNRPVRV d[{msNTP NSLi NRPzqssLij.. B[ sVLi
ryLjiLisV zmss sxtsQRVLi zqsLi[. @LiRVP[R, xmssWy RgRiVR[ sxm- @sVORPQLi xms xms[aRPLi[ Li][xqsV sLRi*zxqsVyLiVV. \sR, ALRi xmsyLS
syRNRP\sVs sWLRiVVP[LRiVV ][V P[xqsVNRPVyRVyLRiV. "L][ RWNTP=Li }msL]yLRiV. zmsNRPV |qsqs xmspLRiy*Li[ RORPQs[V sy xqsLixqssV RLRiVsVs sLis d[{ms RVW{msGNRPV
LRiy RjRLRi y\|ms sVs sVgRiy }qssds Li` P[xmss sxtsQRVLi zqsLi[. FyLRiLiLiyyLRiV. N`P |ms[LiRVNRPV s[gRiLigS FysoV NRPRVxmso
sVxtsQs'sV FyLRiLiLiysVs, sxtsQ`[ \lLi[*V xmssWR LRizR xmsRWV
@LijryRVs ksW sNRPLi P[aSLRiV. @LiRVN][xqsLi ysVV xqsVkLRi NRPxqsLRiRVV ][Lij. Bs dL`i[ [URVW,
P[xqsVsV xmsV ysLiyLRiV. ss{qsNRPXRLigS ][VP[xqsVNRPVs[ [Fy
xmsLjiuyLSsNTP NRPXztsQ P[xqsVsV FyLRiV. syLRi RLRi[ gRiLigS, [aRPyxmsLigS
1,503 sWssLRizR s NSzqsLig`iV, 484 sWss s NSzqsLig`iV
sLSLi FyLRiLiLisV ssLjiLiyLRiV.
29 q>s\ re u+| |e<+ AlLiU, NSLilgiqs FyLkiNRPV uyN`P B..d[{ms][ NRPzqssRsRLi NRPsVyRVNRPV |msR
W}qs @s Fy. LSxqs[ FsdsG NRPWsVNTP sVLiRLi [NRP VNRPV
sVVORPQLi RNRP [s xmsLjizqs Ds s[xmsRLi[ d[{msNTP 10sVLij [URVW xqsV
sVRRV Li RRLi][ NRPsVyRV[ sWR[[Li sLij. kLi][ FyLidRV
eTVsh = b+\ qT+ eT osY esL y|+q CH 4, 5 FyLki][ xqs RgS DLi[s[ sVLiRs ss[ FsdsG DsV xqssWyLRiLi.
osY <sT eTTwsT\ V+ WT d : LRiR [aRPLi[s 29 xmsys sgRiLSV ds, @ ds WNRPLixms
[URVW sVR RV][ LSxqs[ FsdsG Li89NTP P[LjiLij. |msR xqs[ G V
@LiVVy gRi NSLi[ sVVRLi 245 sVLij xqsV[ 121 sVLij sVRRV
@sxqsLRisVVsLiRVs FsdsG NRPWsV[s xmsOSQ][ FyV FyLidRV LSNUPRV
W T d : sVW NRPbdPL`i[s xmso xmssWRLi Ds FyLiy[NTP sryRVs [Lij. dRV {qsry ZNP[LiRLi
FyLkisV sVR xmsOSQVgS sWLRiVNRPVLi[Lij.C s[xmsRLi[ FyLidRV FyLki\s
*sW Rx xqsdsVxms FyLi (Fss{qsFsqs) ss[jNRP xmsNSLRiLi C FyLiyds zsWRV FyLiy[ DyLiVV.
GHUFsLiZNP[, d[{ms,AL`iFsqs,\sFsqsAL` zqszms, HFssFsT sV sVRVVgSs[ s
y[ LRiR \|qssLi, sVVxtsQ LRiNRPV zsWRV xmsLjixqsLRi FyLiyV WNRPLixms xmssWysNTP [sLiVV DLiLiVV. Td,
rLij. C HRV FyLidRV FyLkiNRPV LSxqs[ 26sVLij xqsVVsLiRVs
sVR Ljigjis dNRPLRi NSV[ BR xms, bdPsgRiL`i, N][zsW, xmsoRVP[Lji, gRiVyx, gSLig`iN`P, ztsQsW, RWs,
yLji sVRRV FsdsGNRPV RxmssxqsLji. RVW{msG NRPWsV sVs sVgRiy FyLki sVLi
LRiV LRiLjixqsVV xRsV RW LRiV. BLiFny, RLiUgRi`V {qszqsN`P [sV yVgRiV, HRV xmsLjij[NTP sryLiVV.
LSxqsNRPV ysVs[ @LiVVs yLji sVRRV NRPWyFsdsGNRPV @RsxqsLRiLi NSs
AjyLRiLi DRRVLi ][V P[xqsV NR- dssLi[ NRPzms sVVRLi sVWRV N][V y DLiLRiV. WNRPLixms xmssWys
RLi][ ARW FyLki][ xmsyssWU FsxmsNRPxmsVRV xqsLixmsjLixmsoV LRiVxmsoRWs[
PVs C xmnsVs][ xmsLjixqsLRi FyLiR @sVxqsLjiLi WL][ Amns BLiTRVs ryLiRLRi`= WNRPLixms xmssWR [ssV lLiLiRV
DyLRiV. sVVysNTP FyLidRV FyLki][ aRPRVR*Li NRPLi[ sVRVR*s[V s[Vsj
xmsdsNRPLi INRPryLjigS DNTP xmsy sVLi HRV sLRiNRPW sLiLij. WNRPLixms LjiNSLRiVV, ARW FyLiy[ WsV
d[{ms @dxtsQLigS VrLij.
LRiV. DgRiyRVV xqsLiRLjixqsVyLRis[ xqssWyLRiLi][ NRPWLiLig`i sLRi*zLis [xms N][sN`P xmsNRPLixmssV, gRiRLi[ Ljigjis sxtsQLi AyLRiLigS C ss
RR gS\|ms dsyRVV LRixmsRLi][ \|qssLi jVgS xqssWyssVLij.
sVVLiRVgS dsyRV gRiVLjiLi BLis= @jNSLRiVV xqssWyLRiLi Bs*
P[rysVs sds` g_x` FyLRiV. WNRPLiFysV LjiNSLRiV P[zqs ARW sgRiLS
\sVN][[s[xtsQs sV Fss{qsFsqs P[xqsVLij. C xqsLixqs BLiTRVs dsVWL][NRP
d*j $eq+ L*y
RLi][ \|qssLi NRPWLiLig`i sLRi*zLiLij. C xqssVRVLi[ dsyRVV NSV TFyLRi`sVLi xmsLjij[ xmss P[xqsVLij. INRP FyLiys sVLjis [sVgS sgRiLSds NRPWy gRiLigS zqsLiRV \sVys FyLiRLi[ y ryLiRR FsNRPVsgS V[L` : ssWys NRPW[LiRVNRPV DgRiyRVV P[zqss xmsRVysV A}qs
NRPV ITgRiRLi][ LRiR \|qssLi NSVNRPV jgjiLij. NSgS, sVLRiLi sLiRRs[V \sVN][[s[xtsQs. C sLiRRLi @s[j WNRPLixms xmssWR dsRsV DLi[s[ss HHFsqs{qsNTP Lijs NRPVaRP LS[LiRs @s[ F~|mnsxqsL`i FyLRiV. @rLi RW FdxqsVV gRiLi P[aSLRiV. zqsU[ xmsV][ Ljizmss yRV[ NRPV xmsss
sVVxtsQLRiVV z sVVLiVVks @s[ dsyR xqsLixqsNRPV Lijs yLjigS DLiVLij. [s 2 @Li[ WNRPLixms xmssWRLi @ RNRPVsgS DLi[ss @LRiLi. sVLi sVW NRPbdPL`i sLRiNRPW Ds ys @ xmssWRNRPLRi WNRPLixms [sgS DgRiyRVsV FdxqsVV AjyLRiLi @lLixqsV P[aSLRiV. C s[xmsRLi[ [aRPLi[s [bdP
@sVsWsxqsVsV sVW NRPbdPL`i U{ms Fs{qs \s` FyLRiV. @LiVV[ C sxtsQRVLi NSgS.. [s 5[s FyLiyNRPV WNRPLixmsLi sP[ @sNSaRPLi gS FsNRPVsgS xmsLjigRiryLRiV. [s 5[NTP sVW NRPbdPL`i[s CaSs FyLiyV, zsWR RV, @LiRLSdRVsssWyaRPRWsLids @xmssVRLi P[aSsVs, sVgRiVLRiV
VxqsVNRPVs rysNRP RVVsR LRiR \|qssLi NSVNRPV slLi[NRPLigS RsV sLRixqss DLiVLij. ANRPs [s yVgRiV, HRV FyLiyNRPV WNRPLixms xmssWR dsR xms[a`P, DRLSLi`, gRiVLS`[s LSs Amns NRP`, DRLRi dL`i, @LiRsWs DgRiyRVsV @RVxmso[NTP dxqsVNRPVsV xmsyssVLi sW[sV L`iV
}msLiRVNRPV xmso*sW ZNP[LiRLi sR gRiVsVgRiWyLRiV. sLRixqssNSLRiVsV FsNRPVsgS DLiVLij. C [s[NTP sP[ sgRiLSds sVW NRPbdPL`i, Td, zqsNTPLi, sN][L`i ksoV sryLiVV. Td, N]NRPy[sW Fss{qsFsqs \sVN][[s[xtsQs sTLiyLRiV. aRPsyLRiLi LS sVLiP[ DgRiyR slLi[NRP AxmslLi[xtsQs P[xmssVs,
RLRig][LiRVNRPV \|qssLi gS[NTP NSVV LjizmssV J @jNSLji FyLRiV. DRLRi xms[a`P, xmsbPsVLigS, gRiVLS`, sVLSxtsQ LSxtsy DyLiVV. C sLRi*zLi ARW sgRiLSNRPV WNRPLixms xmssWys @LiRy s[zqsLij. ssWys NRPW[LiRVNRPV P[zqss NRPVsV gRiLi P[zqssV ARVs FyLRiV.
@yLiRdsRV xqsLixmnsVsV ][VP[xqsVNRPVLiy RgRiV gRiRV dxqsVNRPVsV zqsU[ sVLjiN]LiRsVLij DgRiyRVV ygRiVyLRis, yLjisR Ds HCU
FyLRiV.kLi][ ARW FyLiy[ @LRiV lLi[gRiNRPVLiy BLiL`is xqsLki*xqsVsV
szmss[aSLRiV. @LiVVsxmsNUP, Ry gS\|ms yRVNRPV jgjis rysNRPV[
ALRiVgRiVLRiV dsLigS gSRVxmsTsV FdxqsVV sTLiyLRiV. dsyRV N][xqsLi
NRPWLiLig`i BLiNS N]srygRiV][LiRs Ry gSV xmsNRPLiyLiVV. gRiR
N]jL][VgS FyNTPrys }mslLi[zmsR DgRiyRVV NRPbdPL`i[NTP ]LRiT @LRiNRPV NSLRi
>y<+ dT T! }msVRV xmsyLS][ DgRiyRVV P[}qsLiRVNRPV xmsNRPV s[xqsVNRPVLiVyLRis
Bs sxmnsW xqsLixqs xqssWyLR sVLij. kLi][ aRPsyLRiLi sVLi zqsU sVVR
FdxqsVV DgRiyR slLi[NRP AxmslLi[xtsQs P[xms @sVsWsR LRik FyLiy[
ryV sLRi*zLiyLRiV. C yRV[ sVgRiVLRiV DgRiyRVsV @lLixqsV P[zqssV
A}qsRVs |mnsRLR FdxqsV NRPsVxtsQsL`i ALiRW NRP*s FyLRiV. dsLRiLiy HCU
sVsoRVs sxtsQRV zqsLi[. Bs @sVL`iy` RWNRPVV xmsRWxqsVs
xqsV=\|ms yT P[zqs xqsVsWLRiV GRVgRiVLRiV @sVRWNRPVsV F~sVNRPVyLRiV. C
mH@ # \ <s+ C> eTq <&T\T LiV][ ssWys R*LixqsLi P[}qsLiRVNRPV Fys P[zqssV }msL]yLRiV. @LiVV[
@j dRV ssWssW, @LiRLSdRV ssWssW @s sxtsQRWs sWRLi
s[xmsRLi[ AjyLRiLi LRiR WgRiLi[NTP ]LRiR dsyRVsV xqsxtsQLi P[RV[RV. C xmnsVs][ sgRiLRiLi[ sxqsXRLigS RsdV P[xqsVyLRiV.
VW/ WT d : dRV RLSxmso xqsLixqs sV{qsRV[sW ssR xms[aS[sW sVzV RsNUPN][xqsLi xmsRWNRPVV lLiLiRV gRiLi sVVLi[ FsLiVVL`i FLRiVNRPV LSys
GLjiFylLi[}qsLiRVNRPV LRiR \|qssLi gSLixmso RLRisV sVVsVLRiLi P[zqsLij. (FssHG) sVW[ yRVV sLRi*zLiLij. gRiVsVgRiWT ry*RLiRLi N][xqsLi syyV P[RWs @jNSLRiVV xqsWLiyLRiV.
s[LSVyj xqsRV` @duy gjidsNTP xqsxR zmsVxmsoss*RLi sLi ys gjids xmsNRP LRiLi
b H&T = |< LRiVRV [dsLiRL`i zqsLig`i x AxqsV\|ms FssHG
@jNSLRiVV yRVV P[ryLRiV. DgRiyR sVWNRP
Rs xqsxRLRiVNRPV ByLRiV. y[ @s
xqsLixmnsVsV gjids xqsLiRNRPLi Ds ZNP[LiRL`i[
d+ HjT bs+
Bry W` : @sL>RiR s[V xmsTs sy
xtsQLkimns rysLi[ sWRs xmsyss FyN`P
NRPV sRV xqsLRixmnsLS sVWsV VxqsV N][s
ysZNP[ C yRVV LjigSRVs @jNSLRiVV
Ljigjis[ LjigSLiVV. kLi][ ARVsNRPV slLi[NRPLigS
gRi ryORPQLi FssHGNRPV ]LjiNTPsLiVVLij. rsT e#> u\T eT
FssVN][sVLij. C s[VLRiNRPV sVLigRi {msHNTP FyLRiV. C xqsLiRLRiLigSs[ gjids gjids][ RgRiLji xqsLiLiyVs INRP RVL`i L R : NTPR= N][xqsLi N][LRiV sVNTPs 11
yLRiLi A [aRP dRV @|qsLid (FyN`P FyLRi lLiLi][ NRPVsWLRiVRV s{qssVNRPV FssHG xqssVsV BsV FssHG RsdV P[zqsLij. CRVs s[bdP s s VRV sVLRiLiyRV. sW
sVLiV) xqssWs[aRP\sV BxmsZNP[ sLRi Lki P[zqsLij. CRVs {N`P G xLjiRV` @s[ xmsRW\|ms sxmnsW DLiLij. BxmsZNP[ xmsVsoLRiV @LiR\sVs R sVLRiLiyRs yLki gSLRi`
RV\sVs uyz` NSs @{qss xmsy s[LSVyR NRPWsVNTP yRVNRPR*Li szxqsV yFyLRixqsV\|ms yRVV P[zqss FssHG, ygS RRLiRVV xmsNRPLiyLRiV. yLkiNTP @LRi
sNRPgS FssVNRPVs[ @sNSaRPLi DLij. C s[V yRV. gjids |msR NRPVsWLRiVRV sLiVWLi rsVyLRiLi [RV[ xmssV lLiRg]LRisysNTP AyLSV xLjiRV` yRVNRPV xqsxRLRiV AxqsVsV Rsd V\s sV [xmsLi DLij ks ss sVRRV
LRiNRPV FyN`P @RORPVRV sWsVWs x}qss FssHG xmsys NSLSRVLi[ LRiV NSy= ]LjiNSRVs FssHG @jNSLRiVV VRVyLRiV. P[rLij. gjids, dsVLS*LiVV DsVL`i FnyLRiWN`P |msLRiVgRiVR AgjiFRVLij [y sVRRV
A[aSV FyLRisVLiV xqssWs[aS N][xqsLi A[aSV Lki P[ryLRiV. DLij. xtsQlLi[ yLiVV RLRixmsos xmss P[}qs sW` D kLi][ gjids dsVR NRPWy R*LRi[ RLRi dxqsVNRPVs[ sTsTgS yRVNRPR*Li szLiP[ s[LSV yR FyRsoRVLij. NRPLiRLSV {s sVsoy
C xqsLiRLRiLigS Dy*xqssNRPV gRiV\lLis FyN`P xmsys sy xtsQLkimns Rs FyLki yysVLi sRV }qsNRPLRi sxtsQRVLi[ CRVssV @sNSaRPLi DLij. NRPbdPL`i[ FsxmsVRV G sLRixqss gRiWxmso][ FyV NRPbdPL`i[ @ |msR sVLi gRiWxmso LiVV. ksNTP NTPR= ]LRiNRPRLi y NRPxtsQLi. IN-
FyNTPrys sVVzqsLi dg`i (sy) yRVNRPV][ xqssWs[aRPsVRWLRiV. ""ysV Rxms syLjiryLRiV. sXLjiy xqsLRis @LiVVs sLiVWLi xmsRLRi+sV sLRi*zLiy[ INRP ZNP[LiRL`i RRWLRiV z sVVzks, sVz sVLi gRiWxmso RP @sVLjiNRPs \sRVRV yLkiNTP NTPR= P[ryss
FyNTPrys[ @LiRLRiW sLiVVdgS RLRixmsLRiVVgS DyLS? '' @s FyN`P xmsys FyN`P[ 11 GV gRiTzmss RLRiVyR 2010[ LRi` P[zqs, ys dsVR gjids xqsLiRNRPLi P[ryLRiV. A y RVLRis G sV`sV NRPWy FsmnsHAL`i[ ssWRV sVVLiRVNRPV LSgS, @sVsV N][xqsLi R
sy xtsQLkimns xmsbPLiyLRiV. RssV @sL>RiVTgS xmsNRPLiy Rs dsVR @sds Ljigji syLRiV. gjids s[LSVyR gRiWxmso {N`P Fs BxmsVRV FssHG @jNSLRiV P[[ DLij. P[zqsLij. gjids @VRV @mns @x` uysV BxmsZNP[ RLiRVV N][LRiVsV AaRPLiVVLiyLRiV. sy
AL][xmsV [ss FyLRiV. Rs AyRVLi NRP xms[RLiVyLRis, @xqsV xLjiRV`NRPV CRVs yLRixqsVTgS RsV \|qssLi, xmsVy*NRPV slLi[NRPLigS sLRixqss FssHG @lLixqsV P[zqsLij. LjiLiP[[xmso VTs |qs^qs ZNP[LiysNTP N][LRiV RLRiLiLij. @LiVV[.. VRV
ysVRs[V dxqsVN][NRPVLi[ AyRVLi Fs NRP Vyss ARVs FsRVLRiV xmsaRP @soRVLiRV. @LiVV[ gjids dsVR DRV gRiVxqsVs xmsRLRi+sV sLRi*zLiRRLi, sLRiVRV AgRixqsV[ ys DgRiyRVNRPV sRVNRPV xqsLiLijLi s[V 30s[ Ds lgi[ ALRiLi` {qs Axqs][ RRLiRVV dgRi RVVRs[V P[ryLRiV. VT
s[ryLRiV. LiRLi dxqsVNRPVLi[ xqssVxqsryRVs, dxqsVN][NRPVy xqssVxqsV s[xmsRLi[ CRVsNRPV NRPWy xqssVsV Lki NSsRLi _N`P[ sLRixqssNRPV LRisVs zmssRLi, bdPsgRiL`i FssHG ZNP[xqsV ssWRV P[zqsLij. C ZNP[xqsV RLSxmso[ RRLiRVV @sVLjiNS[ sWNTPW\|qs` \Fyqs LRi{mss P[LiVVrysVs xmsgS,
sryRVs ARVs sLigRiLigS ysLiyLRiV. FsLi{ms NTP DLiy=s sLiVVd, xLjiRV`sV @WsVRVLi[ xms[zqsLij. s 3s s[ yLRiVsV jgRiLiRLi P[RWs zmsVxmsoss*RLi gRiLigSs[ xmsV s[LSVyR yRVNRPVV gStsQ Axqs A NTPR= xmsWgRiRaRP[s[ DLiRs yjLiLij. yRsV xmspLRiLiVV
RLRiRRLRiR xtsQLkimns NRPV [ss xqsV{msLi ysV ARVs s[jLiyLRiV. [ks gjids @VT BLi[ Ljizmss ry NRPbdPL`i y*LS ys NSLSRWNRPV P[LRiNRPVLiy P[RVRLi, @lLixqsRWLRiV. dLRiV sP[ [xmso VRV sVLRiLiyRV.
6 $jTy&
b&+| <T
{ ]sY B
AyRVxmso xmssV aS
WT d : AyRVxmso xmssV LjiL`i= \|mnsLig`i (HAL`iFsqs) \|mnsLig`i sLji
[ks F~TgjiLiP[j [Rs xmsVR* DsyjNSLji INRPLRiV AjyLRiLi yRV xqsxtsQLi
P[aSLRiV. 2016c17 ALjiNRPxqsLisR=LSsNTP HAL`iV rsVyLRiLi [gS \|mns
P[RW= DLiVLij. HAL`iFsqs \|mnsLig`iNRPV sLji [k \ 31 ... rsVyLRiLi..
C `\s F~TgjiLiP[ A[Rs xmsVy*sNTP [Rs xqsxtsQLi P[aSLRiV. FsNSsN`P
xmsR y*LS H aSNRPV Bxms sLRiNRPV lLiLiRV N][ LjiL`i= syRVs, LjiL`i=
yV P[RVs yLRiV gRiRVso[gS yV P[RWs AyRVxmso xmssV aS szm-
s P[zqsLiRs A @jNSLji }msL]yLRiV.
H LjiL`i= Cc \|mnsLig`iNRPV s\|qs[ N]s ryLiZNP[NRP BLiRVV
GLRiyRVs yLRi gRiVLjiLi @Tgjis xmsaRPNRPV ARVs
xqssWyssVxqsW...xmsVN][RgRi ryLiZNP[NRP BLiRVV ssV RsV RXztsQNTP
LS[Rs ARVs @yLRiV. RsV C c \|mnsLig`i s\|qs http://in-
cometaxindiaefiling.gov.in/ G[
N]sryLRiV BLiRVV GLRiyRVs @s NRPWy sVLiVVsss= N][xqsLi
yTsxmsVRV BLiRVV FsRVLRiLiVV DLiRsRVss ARVs ssLjiLiyLRiV.
H aS BxmsZNP[ [aRPLi[s xmsV dRV yLSxmsNRPV H LjiL`i= sLji
[k gRiVLjiLi |msR FsRVs xmsNRPsV NRPWy ByRVs, xmssV LixmsoyLRiVV
RsV AyRWs RLigS FsLiR DLi][ @Li[ sVVRLi HAL`i[
RWzmsLiys... @j \ 31[gS \|mns P[RWs N][LSsVs ARVs FyLRiV.
C s @Li[ \ 1 sVLi HAL`i \|mns P[}qs yLRiV AyL`i sLiL`isV Fys
(xmsLjisLi @N_Li sLiL`i)][ LiN`P P[zqs \|mns P[RWs xmssV LixmsoyLRiVsV
N][LjisV FyLRiV.@lgi[ xmssV LixmsoyLRiVV |msR[ LRiRV RLS*R @Li[
ssLiL`i c sVLi gRi[yj T|qsLiL`i 30 sLRiNRPV LiNRPV[ LRiW.2 ORPQV [y
@LiR NRPLi[ FsNRPVs sVVRLi[ TFy P[zqs DLi[ HAL`i[ xqsxtsQLigS
Fys N][LjiLij. 2016c17 ALjiNRP xqsLisR=LRiLi HAL`isV \ 31[ \|mns
P[RW= DLiVLiRs @jNSLji FyLRiV.
e&s0.25%
<y\D+ |P]ksTT n<T| u+s n+#H >dT2m+|d dMT
WT d : Lji\ R[Li LjiNSLRiVryLiVV[ jgjiLSsRLi
][ LjiLRiV*LiNRPV VRyLRiLi yRV Ljilgi[ xsVWRs
^*sWzqsNRP xmsLRixms xqsdsVORPQ[ NUPNRP sUlLi[V [y lLiF 0.25
aSRLi RgjiLiRsRVss LiNRPLRiV @FyRVxmsRxms
RVyLRiV. sLji xmsLRixms xqsdsVORPQ[ R[Li |msLjilgi[
@sNSaSVyRVs @LiRy][ AL`idH sUlLi[ [NTP
FNRPVLiy RVyRRLigS N]srygjiLiRysNTP sLRiLiVVLi
Lij. xmsxqsVRLi xmsLjizqsRVV xmspLjigS sWLjiFRWRVs
R[Li xmspLjigS @RVxmso[NTP sLiRs @[
xqssVRVLi[ FyLjiaSsVN][R (HH{ms) {sLigS DLij
NS lLiF lLi[V NRPdsxqsLi 0.25 aSRLi RgjiLiP[
@sNSaSVyRVs LiNRPV Amns sVLSxtsQ s[Vs[Lig`i
\lLiNRPL`i AL`i{ms sVLS[ @yLRiV. sUlLi[VRgjiLiRRLi][
LRiVNRPV TsWLi` NRPWy |msLRiVgRiVRVLiRyLRiV. gRiR N]s
\sWzqsNS sVLi LRiV TsWLi` gS RgjiF |msLRigRiysNTP @sNSaSVLiRVs FyLRiV. sUlLi[V
LiVVLiRyLRiV. B[ @FyRWs BLiTRVs LiNRPV
s[Vs[Lig`i \lLiNRPL`i NTPa][L`i LRi` sNRPLi P[aSLRiV. Rs @LiRy
xmsNSLRiLi 0.25 [zqsqs FyLiVVLiV RgjiLiP[ @sNSaSV
yRVyLRiV. @LiVV[ C ryLji sgRiRV s* sxtsQ [y
RRR Rs sxtsQ (FsqsFsAL`i) [NTPF[V sUlLi[V RgjiLiRysNTP @sNSaSV sWRLi DyRVs
@sNSaS[ss L`i @yLRiV. FsLiRVNRPLi[ sWlLi[
[[[LiR RsLi @LiRVV[ DLiRs ARVs aSRLi sUlLi[V Rlgi[ @sNSaSVyRVs @Fy
ssLjiLiyLRiV. ALRiVgRiVLRiV xqsVV gRi sWsLki Fy{qs
NRPsV (FsLi{ms{qs) AL`idH gRisLRiL`i DLji` xms[ s[RXR*Li[
VRyLRiLi sVyxLi xqssWs[aRPLi @LiVV sUlLi[\|ms IT |msLiRVRVyLiVV. @rysV NRPWy AL`idH dmns
sLRiRVLi xmsNRPxqsVLij. Bj DLiRgS |`UFsmns{qs
LiNRPV s[Vs[Lig`i \lLiNRPL`i AjRxmspLji sWRVRW.. RgjiLiys N][LjiLij.
sY&@ ssYqT dy #k+
dVs ;e ybs+ dd |&jT <
WT d : dsW sRVLiR xqsLixqs
(HAL`iUHG) ALRiL`isV N][LRiV[
xqsyV P[rysVs xqsLSgRiWxmso
AjyLRiLi yRV }msL]Lij. xqsLSNRPV
Lijs \ms BsW=lLis= yFyLS
s H{qsH{qsH xmnsQos<RVNRPV Rd
P[RVsVs aRPsyLRiLi yRV A[bPLi
Lij. xmssWLRiV LRiW.78 N][V
ry* P[aSLRis HAL`iUHG sLSLRi
NRPV s dsW yFyLSs
sLRi*zLiRysNTP xqsLS \mns @L>RiVV
NSLRis \ 28 ALRiL`i Lki P[zqsLij.
NSgS xqsLS \mns BsW=lLis=
(sRdsW yFyLSs) 2004
sVLi P[rLij. @[ xqssVRVLi[
gRiR GRV xqsLisR=LS sVLi NRPLi|msds
sV ALjirLij. kLi][ FyV
HAL`iTHG sLiRs xmsNSLRis[V
RsV yFyLSs N]srygjiLisV
xqsLS INRP xmsNRPs[ }msL]Lij.
xqsLS \mnsNRPV @xmsV NRPLi[ AxqsV[
FsNRPVsgS DyRVs.. Fy{qsy
keTys+ 31 E 2017
b\d.. L1 |*\T \+ }qss LRiLigSsNTP Lijs {msFsLiH gRiLiNSV NRPWy C yLRiLi[s[
sRVR NSsVyLiVV NS C gRiLiNSV NRPWy sWlLisV xm-
ssRLi P[ryRVs sxmsoVV VRVyLRiV. sVVysNTP C ryN`P
sWlLiNRPV @RLiR NUPNRPLi NSsVs @LiaS sxtsQRWsNTP s}qs
ys+ es{ sV{Liy, Wzmss, xmsLi s[xtsQs LiNRPV, BLiTRVs ALiVV AgRixqsV 2s [ks Ljilgi[ AL`idH RsxmsLRixms xqsdsVORPQ\|ms @LiRLji RXztsQ
VVL \ : ryN`P sWlLiNRPV C yLRiLi LjiLRiV* LiNRPV NSL]lLi[xtsQs, sV{Liy @Li` sV{LiyV yLiVV. @lgi[ C DLij. lLiLi][ @LiaRPLi sxtsQRWsNTP s}qs RRWLkiLRiLigRiLi, }qssLi
RsxmsLRixms xqsdsVORPQ.. s][ sVVgjizqss sVVR \sWzqsNRP yLRiLi[s[ (VRyLRiLi ) LjiLRiV* LiNRPV ^*sWzqsNRP xqsdsVORPQ LRiLigRiLi {msFsLiH gRiLiNSV ks y*LS [aRP ALjiNRP ssxqs G sRLigS
xmnsyV NUPNRPLi NSsVyRVs sWlLi sxmsoVV LRigRisVLij. R[Li @RLiR NRPsuysNTP jgjiLSsRLi][ DLi][ yxqssLi zLRiRLi @soRVLiRs sWlLi sxmsoVV
@FyRVxmsRVRVyLRiV. C yLRiLi[ xmnsyV sTLiRsVs sUlLi[V RgjiLiP[ @sNSaSVyRVs LiNRPLRi][ FyV sWlLi VRVyLRiV. Bj DLiRgS.. gRiR yLRiLi dFsqsC xqsW 280.99
@ | msR NRPLi|msdsV B DyLiVV. y[ xmssL`igji`, N`P sxmsoVV @FyRVxmsRVRVyLRiV. RRWLkiLRiLigRiLi][ FyV FyLiVVLiV xmsRgS.. s{mns 99.25 FyLiVVLiV xmsoLiNRPVLij.
u< |<|
esT dTE sY n+& & V#Y d$ seTDY
$<o Hds |T&T\T
4 _*jTH &\sT
VVL \ : s[bdP Bs*xqsLRiV LRidRV
sWlLi\|ms sxmsLkiR\sVs ssVNRPLi][
DyLRiV. C s[ ryN`P sWlLi[
GNRPLigS yVgRiV RVs yLRi
|msVRVV |msLRiV. @sXj
LiRVRVs sWlLi[ ALjiNRPLigS
LRi`NRPV @sNSaSV sVLRiVgSDyRVs @LiRy][ C |msVRVV sLRiR
\| R LS` : NSLRi LRiLigRiLi[ R*LRi[s[ NSLRisV T\s RRWLRiV P[rysVs ARVs @yLRiV. RLRisVVN]xqsVyLiVV. y gRiLiNSsV xmsLjigRis[NTP dxqsVNRPVLi[ zmnssLji
sxmsyRNRP\sVs sWLRiVV RWR[RVyLi. xmsxmsLiRyxmsLigS NSLRiNRPV Ry sLiRsV Fs sVLi s sLRiNRPV HRV s NSs xmsLjigRis[NTP dxqsVNRPVLi[ LRiW.1.6 ORPQ
xmsxqsVRLi xmsxmsLiRLi[s xmsV [aS[ FyxqsVs DyW ys xmsLjibdPLi @[ syys BNRPR N][ |msVRVV LRi` NSzmssWlLi[NTP syLiVV. ssLji[ LRiW.3,496
Ry xmssWV DyxLRiNRPV RVWL][ms[ Fy}qs xqsLjiFRVLiRs ARVs FyLRiV. N][V sWlLi sVLi DxmsxqsLixLjiLiRVNRPVyLRiV.
NSLRiNRPV FsLi Ry xmssWV FyxqsVyL][ RR @s[j ZNP[sLi NSLRi[ xmsRWLiP[ yLjiNTP s[bdP Bs*xqsLRiV LRi` sWlLi[ LkigS |msVRVV |msysNTP gRi
@s[ LRi` sWlLi[ ssWgjiLiRsVyLRiV. NSLRi NSRs L][RV\|ms sTP[ yLjis NRPWy RXztsQ[ NSLRisV gRiVLjiLi RW}qs sVVR \sWzqsNRPLi xmnsyV @LiRysV
RRWLki NRPLi|msdsV NRPWy ks N][xqsLi |msRsVVRLi[ DLiRVN][y= DLiVLiRs NSLRiV xmssWR\sV[ sVLiFRVyLiVV. @[ xqssVRVLi[ LRiVRVxmssyV @sVNRPWLigS
|msVRVV |msysNTP zqsRsVRWLiVV. sVVLi L][RV\|ms sTP[yLRiV NRPWy RNRPVs gSRW][ DLiRLi][ Bs*xqsLRi |qsLisVLi xmsRV][LiRs yLRiV VRVyLRiV. y
gS zqsLig`iNRPV NSy=s xmsLjiNRPLSV yxyNRPV RVxms[ NSLRisV T\s P[RW= DLiRyLRiV. yxy FnyFnyLi.. LRiVso RNRPVsgS DLi[ gRiLiNSsV RW}qs s[bdP FLRiVFnW Bs*xqsLRiV (Fsmns{msH)V C s 3c28s
@y*s= |qs{mns N][xqsLi Bxms sVLiP[ NRPLi|msdsV xmsVR*Li sLiRsV LSLRiV P[}qs RRVxmsLji NSLRisV gRiR szLiysVs, kLi][ Ry xmsLjiNRPLSV [k sLRiNRPV 1.2 RVs yLRiV @Li[ LRiW.7,611 N][ sLRiNRPV |msVRVV
zqsRsVRWLiVV. xmsVR*Li NRPWy NRPLi|msdsNRPV FsLi RR xmssWV FyLiy[ ssWgjiLiRRLi][ FyV T\s P[RVRLi][ NSLRiV |msLiVV. @[ xqssVRVLi[ yLRiV 2.9 RVs yLRiV LRiW.18,599 N][V
`\s sjxqsVyRVs sWLRiV xqsVNTP AL`i@Li`T sLRiLiVVLiRVN][sRVyLRiV. NSLRi[ RR [s][\sy gRiVRVNRPVy (NStsQ) @LiVVy \sL`i, sWlLi[ |msVRVV |msLRiV. C lLiLiRV NRPzms[ C s[ sNRPLRiLigS
|` {qsds LRisVs ALiRxmsNRPV RV[aSLRiV. xmssWV @Li[ xms[ INRP @Fx DLiRs FyzqsLiL`iNRPV xmssWRLi LRigRiNRPVLiy T\s P[aSsVs LRiW.26,210 N][V LRi` sWlLi[NTP ssV NRP. sVVysNTP RW}qs s[bdP
BLidsL`igSsV RsNRPV BLij @RLiR xqsLiRXzmss ZNP[sLi FsLiVVL`ig`i][ sLizms}qs, RWLi [NTPLig`i LRisV }msL]yLRiV. Bs*xqsLRiV C Gyj sVVysNTP RW}qs 26 RVs yLRiV [y LRiW.1.74 ORPQ
BrLiRs.. 2016[ sLS RR zqsxqssVsV @LiRVV[NTP }qs @ds xqssLigS NSLRiV RRWLRiV P[}qsxmsVRV AL`i@Li`T V N][V CNTP*][ sWlLi[ |msVRVV |msLiVV. LS[[V lLiLiRV sVWRV
xmssWsV FyLisLiRVNRPV xqsLjizmnsZNP[ NRPWy DLiRVs sryLRis, @LiVV[ RR[ Bj INRP xmsV xmsLkiORPQV sLRi*zxqsVLiRVs {qs, LRiL`i][ s FyV B[[ [LRiV N]srygRiVRVLiRs sWlLi sxmsoVV
LisLiRVNRPV RsNRPV gRiLRi*LigS DLiRyLRiV. NUPNRP gRiLi.. @LiVV[ BNRPR gRiVLjiLiRVN][y=Lij RdsV][ FyV @RLiR xqsVsR\sVs |qss=L`isV @FyRVxmsRVRVyLRiV. s[bdP Bs*xqsLRisV LRi` sWlLi \sxmsosNRPV ANRPL<jiLiP[
sLS NRPV @yRVsNRP ryLiZNP[ xmsLjiys @Rsxmso xmsLjiNRPLSsV xqssVNRPWLRiRLi s NSLRiV\|ms @sVLji NStsQ Ljigjis RLS*R sWss aRPLkiLRiLi\|ms ys @LiaS sxtsQRWsNTP s}qs Fszqs xmssLi .. xmsxqsVRLi [LRiLiRVN][NRPFLiVVy..
ssWgjiLisLiRVNRPV sVVLiRV gSs NStsQ @[V @Rsxmso LRiVso xmsRVNRPVLiy RWy=s RR xmssLi Fs DLiVLi][ NRPWy NTPLiP[ ryLiZNP[NRP sxtsQRV[ ALjiNRPssxqs sVLRiVgRiVxmsRVRVLiRs AaSsLi dsLji[ DLij.
@sNSaS[ss, kLi][ sVgjis sWR=NRPV NRPWy BLidsL`iRs, [RLi[ BLiRs rysVLRiLi\|ms NRPWy @LiRVV[NTP sLiRyLRiV. {qs,
Ry xmssWsV @sVV P[RWs
sLRiLiVVLiysVs ARVs ssLjiLiyLRiV. NRPxqssVLRiNRPV
LSxmsy= sxqsVLij, Bsds NRPxqssVL`i @RLiR
NUPNRPsVyLRiV. dsss xqssVRWNRPLi P[xqsVN][y=
xmsoLRiVxtsQVV, s zms RdsVsV ssR LRiWFy[
dLji xms ryLji NSLRiV NStsQ @LiVVsxmsVRV ys xm-
y&bH d&+{ d+
RRNRPV FsNRPVs FyysLi BP[ NSLRisV RRWLRiV DLiRs LRisV ssLjiLiyLRiV. ssLi gRiVLjiLi @RRVsLi P[rysVs, C [sV
P[xqsVsLiRVNRPV RsNRPV gRiLRi*LigS DLiRs, RsV DyxLRiNRPV sWLRiV xqsVNTP sxtsQRWsNTP s}qs N]R xmsLjigRis[NTP dxqsVNRPVs xms sWRNRPV
LRiW.352NRPV @xmsLjisVR NS= L][NRPV 1 d [
FyRNRPV T\s[ sWLRiVV P[xqsVsV FyLRiV. ssWgjiLiRVNRPVLisVs ARVs WT d : sVV[tsQ @LisNTP Lijs
[aRPLi[ L][RV xmssWyV sxmsLkiRLigS FyLRiV. LjiRVs= WNRPV gRiF BP[LiRNR-
|msLjigjiFRVyRVs, xms Gyj 1.5 ORPQ sVLij NSLRiVNRPV Ry xmssWV PV [yFns syLRiVsV ORPQLigS
L][RV xmssWy Lkis xmsT sVXRVyRxms xqssVNRPWLjisLiRV s xmssWyV P[xqsVN]s N]R {qsLisV dxqsVNRPVsLij.
RVRVyLRis L][RV LRiyaS sVLi ss @LjiNRP[sVs, xmsxqsVRLi xmssWy { @xmsLjisVR NS=][ FyV 4/3 1
gRiRLki FyLRiV. 2020 yNTP xmssWy xqsLisV RXztsQ[ |msVN]s A ryLiVV[ gjigS\ 84 L][ NSsNTP AxmnsL`i
xqsLisV 50 aSysNTP RgjiLiys xmsVR*Li ks NSLRisV T\s P[RV[sVyLRiV. @LiVV[ P[xqsVsV NRPLi|msds @jNSLji INRPLRiV
INRP xqsyVgS dxqsVNRPVLij. ks N][xqsLi xms[ xmssWy xqsLisV NSLRi[ FyLRiV. LjiRVs= W
@sgSxs NRPLiy= DLiRs, sVVLigS xmsRWLiP[ yLjiNTP FyFyRVLi sxtsQRWsNTP s}qs B[ AxmnsL`isV
\sLig`i[ bPORPQ, L][` T\s, sLiRsV @sVV [NRPVLiy RNRPVs ryLiVV[ gSRW][ LRiW.399NTP DR L][sVLig`i][ FyV @xmsLjisVR FsqsFsLiFsqs @LijrLij.
P[RVRLi, sWZNP[L`i\|ms RXztsQ |ms= DLiRs gRiZNP P[RVsRVss ARVs [yFns C {qsLisV Td c Fss{qsAL`i FyLiy[ [yFns NSLixmsqs xqslLi^*s
LRisV @yLRiV. xmssWyV G sRLigS @yLRiV. NTP }msLRiV][ syLRiVNRPV @LijrLij. @LiVV[ C {qsLi N]RgS NRPsORPQs dxqsVNRPVs[
LRiVgRiVRVsW xmsVR*Li gRiVLji}qs ysNTP RgRiV yLjiNTP sLjixqsVLij. ksNTP LRiW.445 }qs syLRiVNRPV @xmsLjisVR yLiVVqs NS=][
FyV L][NRPV 1d, [ 3 4 [sV 84 L][ FyV BxqsVLij. C AxmnsL`i
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LRis @yLRiV. R[Li jgji ss sW yxqsss[V |msRysVs, @[ xqssVRVLi[ rysNRPVs[ LjiNRPW @y LRiV. T, sVztsQs LjiLig`i[ P[rysVs xmsFyRssV rymsU
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RgRiVyRW @s xmsbPLiRgS.. y sVLij RgRiVyRVLi H @ds LRiLigS[ [LRiLiRNRPVLiRyLRiV. @LiVV[ FsLiR xmsjlLi[V |msLjigjiF[VRs ARVs }msL]yLRiV. H saRP*xqsdsRVsLS xqssWyLRiLi. C
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ssLjiLiLij. HAL`iTGH sVL][
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RLi [RsRLi GsVs xmsbPLiLij. gST[ |ms=Li[ss xqss= |msLiRyLRiV. NRPxqssVLRiNRPV
NRPLi|msds FsxmsVRV yyLRiV
\LRis Fss RLiRZaP[LRis @yLRiV. ANRPVNRPVs[LiRVNRPV N]R F~RNRPV
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NRPLi|msds H{qsH{qsH xmnsQos<RV \mns P[xqsVN][y= @sxqsLRiLi DLiRs xqsLisR=LRiLi GNUPNRPXR sRVRsV sVLjiLiR sVVLiRVNRPV LRixmsRsVs ARVs
BsW=lLis=sV xqsLS BLiTRW
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\mns BsW=lLis=sV \ 31 sVLi
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[N][sL`i P[xqsVN][yzqs=LijgS N][LjiLi
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|mss xqsWLiLij. Bj
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DLiRgS xqsLS gRiWxmso \LRis
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GH \LRis][ xqssWs[aRP\sV xqsLiO][QLi
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[ Ds dsW yFyLSs gST[
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|msysNTP N]LiR gRiRVso N][LSLRiV.
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xmssVVVV \lLi s[RNRPV xsVRVV @LiR[aSLRiV. JsLS yLizms
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RV NRPLRiLilLiT sLji=LigRiLSso, NSLRiRLji+ AsLiRV, VgRiV[aRPLi FyLki yRVNRPV
V ]T LRisV, sVLi, @xmsLS, @sWms, bdPsyqs, xqsRyLSRV
xqsVdsNRPVsWL`i, LRisNRPVsWL`i RjRLRiVV FyyLRiV.
s|{ qT+ eZsD d+
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Fs{ms FssWLkiFsqs AR*LRiLi[ sWjgRi sVx xqsLigSsVLi }msLji G{ms
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LSxtsQ xmsVR*Li @xmsORPQ XLiys TdNTP dxqsVZNP[LiRVNRPV RLRiV dxqsVN][ys
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sVX LiRgS sVL]NRPLRiV FyFy RV zqs[ DyLRiV. sVX Lijs yLji[ ZNP.
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gRisLRisVLi AxqsVxms[ NTPR= F~LiRVRVyLRiV. sVXRV NRPVVLiV sxqs
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4q ~yd es $<H\| ]B
@ VLS , AL R xm : Ajy{qs xNRPVsV xmsVR*Li @s[rLiRs
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szLis LSsVRLiRRV sWRVRW LSxts xmsVR*Li Ajy{qsRVVNRPV
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s RVxmsRLi P[RWs zmsVxmso syLRiV. C xqssWs[aRPLi[ xmssRVV
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+ d\ $sTT+|q nqTeT+#=<T
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NTPsVs ZNP[xqsVV ssWRV P[aSLRiV. kLi][ sxtsQRVLi PWy s[j FsNRPLS[ xmsxqsVxmso rygRiVP[zqssVgS rysNRP xqssVLjiLiyLRiV. C ssLRiLi[ BxmsZNP[ sWL`i|mns`
] n<T| rdT
VxqsVNRPVs N]LiRLRiV s[RV FsNRPR RsVs FdxqsVV dsAL][* sVLi ]LigRi xqsLjizmnsZNP[V dxqsVNRPVs \lLiRV r~sVVsV s[Vs[L`i LRisW[ss xqs|qsLi` P[zqss @jNSLRiVV ygS
@RVxmso[NTP dxqsVNRPVLiL][ss sVVLiRV gRiRgS ELRiV yLjisVLiyLRiV. sLiRs xmsNSLRiLi 9 s[ NTP*LiV AjyLRiLi 22 sVLij dsAL][*sV xqs|qsLi` P[xqsW xqsLiRs
$#]dTq bdT\T sj sFRWLRiV. aRPsyLRiLi LS[ xmsVsoLRiV s[RsV
syLjiLiP[LiRVNRPV FdxqsVV DRRVgjiLji sVLiRLi[s xmsV
sWRs[V N]sVg][VNRPV xmsVR*Li @sVsVRVV Bs*gS
@LiRVNRPV sLigS 34 s[ NTP*Li xmsxqsVxmsosV N]sVg][V
sLRiRVLi dxqsVNRPVyLRiV. dsLji[ FsNRPVsgS {qsyLSsVxmsoLRiLi,
DRRVgjiLji, RVRWLRiV, sLjiNRPVLiFyRV sVLiRNRPV
WLR V, ZN F F WL][: xmsxqsVxmso NRPVLiN][Li gSsWNRPV sRLi, yLRiV sxqsVyLRis xqssWyLRiLi P[zqs 1289 sVLij \lLiRV }msLRiV][ LRiW. 21.59 N][V LixmsoV Lijs dsAL][*[ DLiRys RWxqsVLi[ A FyLiyNRPV
ssLSs LSxtsQ xmsVR*Li {qsLjiRVqsgS dxqsVN][sRLi][ RVRLi][ N]LiRsVLij s[RV xmsLSLRiRWLRiV. \s{qs{msNRPV P[aSLRiV. @LiRyNRPV sVLi xmsxqsVxmso N]sVg][V P[RVRLi, Lijs LSNUPRVyRVNRPV\|mss[ NTPsVs ZNP[xqsVV FsNRPVs
NRPNRPL`i lLi[so sVVyLS ks[s FyRyLRiVV,
xqsWRyLRiV\|ms NRPhjisLigS ssxLjiLiys sLRiLiVVLiyLRiV.
Lijs J yRVNRPVTs FdxqsVV @RVxmso[NTP dxqsVNRPVs
syLjixqsVsV xqssWyLRiLi. DRRVgjiLji sWlLiLig`i NRPsV
xmsLjij[ s[V 2s [k sVLi s 30s [k sLRiNRPV xmsxqsVxmso
RLjiR[s[ @LiR xmsxqsVxmso jgRiVT @LiVVs xqsLiRLSV
[NRPFsRLi RjRLRi NSLRi V sLRizqs xmsNRP[ xms[NRP
NRPRyV syLiVV. ks\|ms xqsLijLis xmsVR*Li
xqsLi[ ssW\sV VxqsVLij. C ssLRiLi[ G
FyLkiNTP Lijs yRVNRPV FyR DLi][ yLji\|ms dxqsVN][[[V
RLRi[sV[ NRPNRPL`i rsVyLRiLi @jNSLjiNRPLigS xmsNRPLiP[
@LiRV[ gRiLigS RLjiR[ sVVsV|mssRW [ssRLi
gS IZNP[ryLji lLissW aS[s 22 sVLij dsAL][*sV N]sVg][NRPV xqsLiLijLi sWL`i|mns` AR*LRiLi[ xms[NRP NRPNRPL`isV syLRi LRiFys A[aSLij. @Rsxmso @sNSaSV NRPszmsxqsVyLiVV.
&> eeVs+ me] e~*|+ <>T\ >+<s> yd| jT+
\+>D V +eT+ HsTT {&| n~s |~ R R N][xqsLi sLiRN][NRPV
\|msgS LRiV P[zqs, sWxqsL`i
LR Vxm , ZN F F WL][ : sRLSNRPV sVVxmsVgS &= eD es|k< |` NSLRiV sV, D][gRiV
@sxqsLSNRPV Rgjis
xmsLjisVxqsVs Rg`i= ssLRiLi[ FsLiR yLRiVy
@ VLS , AL R xm : VgRiV[aRPLi xmsVR*Li sRLigS BsV sLjiLi
sj|ms[ xqssVxqs [Rs LigS LSxts x[LiaS sVLi
D][ gRiV xqsLiZOP[QsWsNTP NRPTDLiRs, D][gRiVsV P[LiRVNRPV xmsVR*Li
yLiVVs sLRizqsLilLiT xqsxtsQLi P[aSLRiV. sVVNRPV dLRiVN][ysNTP
]gjiLiP[ FsLi [sV LRiWF~LijLiR[Rs A FyLki LRiW.10 ORPQ sLRiNRPV xqs
NRPVVLi xqsV][ LRiVsVNRPV ss ARVs AjyLRiLi
LSxtsQ @jNSLRi xmssj ]NS sWNRPsLRixmsry` @y RVLi P[rLi RyLRiV.
DRRVLi xms[NRP A*sLi\|ms LRiVxms LRiWLRi sVLiRLi
LRiV. AjyLRiLi ARVs s[NRPLRiV][ sWRVRW D][gRiV N][xqsLi 12 s[
RVsVgRiVLi[s RLiRgjiLji aSxqssxqsVRV slLiT xqsL`
D][gRiV sV[y sV d}qs sRLigS ssxLjixqsV @yRVsNRP NS*LRiL`i= sLjirLiRyLRiV. @lgi[ 30
lLiT BLiNTP @LRi sLiRVNRPV syLRiV. C xqsLiRLRiLigS
s sxmsORPQ \sNSFy sxtsQ`[ Rgjis sVWLi LiRVN][NRP s[sVLij KrLji=Lig`i D][ gRiVNRPV sNRPV LRiW.2,500
s[NRPLRiV][ sWRVRW Rg`i= ssLRiLi[ xmssVV zqsds
LiRs N]LiRLRiV P[xqsVs AL][xmssV NRPWy ARVs RxmsRs |RLjiLiyLRiV. LSxtsQ xmsVR* D][gRiV[ gRiLiRLRi xmsVR*Li s[RsLi |msLiLiRyLRiV. LSNUPRV N][xqss[V
sVsV sj|ms s sVsV ORPQLigS P[xqsVNRPVyLRis[
LiTLiyLRiV. Bs dsVsV sLRis[LRiRLi[ RaRPVj][ g][Li xqsXztsQLiP[LiRVNRPV \sNSFy xmsRVyV rygjirLiR D][gRiVsV ]gjixqsVyLRiLiW \sNSFy sxtsQxmsyLRiLi
AL][xmssV LiTLiyLRiV. xqssWsNTP sVVLigS sRLS
xmssP[xqsVs sVVsVLi ZNPzqs RLiRZaP[LRiLSso LigS yLRiV. LSxtsQLi [V [ DsxmsNUP D][gRiV P[rLiRyLRiV.
NRPV sVVxmsVgS xmsLjisVLis Rg`i= ssLSs LigS
LSuys @sXjxmsRLi[ sVVLiRVNRPV dxqsVZNPVyLRiyLRiV. xqsLiZOP[QsVLi N][xqsLi xmsVR*Li 43 aSRLi zmnssVLi NRPLiLi ks LSxtsQ D][gRiVV zmsN]RyLRiyLRiV. L][NRPV
xmsVR*Li C ssLSs {qsLjiRVqsgS dxqsVNRPVLiRs
NRPVVLixmsLRiLigS sVVNRPV dLRiVN][ysNTP LRiVsVNRPV ss RyLRiV. 58 G xmsRds sLRisV sRVxqsV=sV 60 GNRPV R*LRi[s[ xmsV LSNUPRW sVLi Lji\lLiLi BryLRis
}msL]LiW RxmsNSLRiLi @LiRLji\|msy RLRiVLiRVs
FyLRiV. sVRWxmspL`i rysV LRi\|msNTP LSNRPVLiy DLiys[
D[aRPLi][s[ Rg`i= ssLSs LigS xmsVR*Li LRi\|msNTP
ysV Rs @Vs sVRV\s slLiT xqsL` lLiT A*sLi\|ms
ARVs BLiNTP ssV FyLRiV.
|msLiRRs[VNSNRP, NSLiNRPV, K rLji=Lig`i D][gRiVNRPV
s[RyV |msLiLiRs ssLjiLi yLRiV. D][gRiV
ARVs @yLRiV. LSNUPRV NRPV[ gRiLigS xmsVR*Li\|ms
@xmsyRVV s[xqsVyLRis sVLiTxmsyLRiV.
eT&H |{ yq+
sE eT\T|
=qk>TTq n<jTq+
@ VLS , AL R xm : syLiRNRPV sVLi\lLis
<\ yT{
@LiR y NRPWy [LRis D[aRPLi][ ALjiNRP ryRVLi RLiRV yRVVRV, @sVLSs sV[\lLi NSL]lLi[xtsQs
\T>T<X+
|uT <>T\ |+
lLiLiRV sV[ FyNRPV[ BLiRsLRiNRPV NRPRNRP [RV. Bs @LijLiP[LiRVNRPV sVVLiRVNRPV ss [aSV \|qsRLi ssNRPV sVVLiRV DLiLij. ssWsLi NRPy s[gRiLigS xmsRWLiP[
sVLi\lLi sVW[V gRiTy s[NUP xmsNRP[RV. ss RgSLiVV. Td, LigRiLRiV Li sgRiLS[s[ sV[\lLiV @sNSaRPLi Ds C @yRVsNRP \|xmsL`iWmsNRPV
dsV[ gRiLigS ZNP[LiR xmsVR*Li sRVyR, saS suy][ sRVxqsVyRVs, LSxtsLi[ NRPWy @[ xmsLjizqs xqsLiLijLis T\ FyNRPV LjiFLRiVsV @LijLiys ss
DRs\sV LSxts xmsVR*Li\|ms ALjiNRP LRiLi xms[ @sNSaSV xqsLixqssV sVVsVLi RLiRV yRVVRV N][LSLRiV. C
xmsNRPV sV[ \lLi FyNRPVsV sVLiLRiV P[zqsLij.
@LiVV[ Bs sVLi\lLis y sVLi s[ sLRiNRPV L][N][ DyRVs @jNSLRisLSV ss[jNRPsV xmsVy*sNTP xqsLixqs xmssRVV sTLis ssLS xmsNSLRiLi @sVLSs
ByLiVV. @[sRLigS gRiRLi[ sRVyR sgRiLS[ sVLi LRiVxmsNTP ZNP[sLi 23 ssVuy[ P[LRiVN][sRs
sVVxmso LRiVgRiVRVLiRLi][ sRVyR, saS yxqsV[
sLSaS sxqsXxV ][VP[xqsVNRPVLiVyLiVV. ]VR C xmsVR*Li xmsuyRNRPLigS qsLSzms` s=FLRiV zqsxqsLi FyLRiV. @[sRLigS @sVLSs sVLi BRLRi @ VLS ,AL R xm : LSxtsQLi[ xmsVR* D][gRiV NRPV
(AL`iFsqs)sV FyLRiLiLiy @j Aj[s[ sxmns\sVLij. FyLiyNRPV 30 sVLi 40 ssVuy[ xmsRWLiRsRs @s LRiNSVgS }qssV @LijLis G\ZNPNRP xmsVR*Li VgRiV[aRPLi
sV[ FyNRPVsV xmsVR*Li Td sV[\lLi NSL]lLi[xtsQs
(TFsLiAL`izqs)NRPV @xmsgjiLiLij. sRVyR ZNP[LiRLigS Bsds gRiVLjiLis xmsVR*Li sV[NRPV xmsysWRVLigS sVVsVLi RLiRVNRPV ss xqsLixqs xmssRVV xmsVR*s[Vsds U{ms @jNSLRi xmssj g] Fy LSsVNRPXxtsQ
Fss[` yxysV xmss[aRP|mss sLiLij. ks\|ms ssLjiLiyLRiV. ks\|ms ryyryysV xmsLjibdPLiys @yLRiV. AjyLRiLi sRV yR[ s[NRPLRi][ ARVs
@sVLSs sV[\lLi NSL]lLi[xtsQs (FsFsLiAL`izqs)sV
GLSV P[zqs W}qsNRPLRi ssVRLi LRiW.300N][sV @RRVsLi P[}qsLiRVNRPV sVLiRVV, @jNSLRiV XLiys @sVLSs sV[\lLi NSL]lLi[xtsQs @jNSLRiVsV sWRVRW 58 xqsLisR=LS sVLi sWxmsLjisVs 60
@sVLjiNS, \y, Fys, zqsLigRixmspL` [aSNRPV xmsLizmsLij. sVVsVLi RLiRV A[bPLiyLRiV. ]VR GNRPV |msLis xmnsVsR RLiRVZNP[ RNRPVRVLiRyLRiV. xms
xmsVR*Li ZNP[LiVVLiLij. sRVyR, saS sgRiLS[
sV[\lLi LSNRPFNRPNRPV xqsLiLijLis NSLjiyL`isV NRPWy RLS*R C xmsFyRssV xmsNRPNRPV |ms \ sV[sV xmsFyjLis sRLigSs[ \ sV[\lLisV GLSV D][gRiVV, D][gRi xqsLixmnsW s[RV NRPXRR][ DyLRids, Bj
xmss[aRP|mss sLRiRVLi dxqsVNRPVyLRiV. xqsVsWLRiV 400 P[RVs[V sVLiRs @FyRWs @jNSLRi sLSV JLRi*[ZNP[ @xqsysV xmsyLRiLi P[xqsVyLRids sVLiTxmsyLRiV.
FsLizmsNRPP[zqsLij. @Li[NSNRPVLiy sV[\lLi [gkisV
N]sVg][V P[}qsLiRVNRPV xqsyV NRPWy P[zqsLij. LRiW.550
N][][ 54 \lLi N][`sV ALRiLRiV P[}qsLiRVNRPV @sVLSs
sVLi 500 sVLij xmsRWNRPVsV lLiLiRV [gki[
xmsRWLi rygjiLiP[ xmsNRPV LRiWF~LijLiyLRiV.
sVVsVLi RLiRV yRVVRVNRPV ssLjiLiyLRiV.
RNRPVs LRiV][ sTP[ C \ sV[ s xmsVR*Li\|ms ALjiNRP
D][gRiVsV ds\sVs xmsRLi][ RWztsQLis RLjiR
NSLilgiqsNRPV, zmsNSLilgiqs s[RNRPV DLiRyLRiV. @xqsysV
sV[\lLi NSL]lLi[xtsQs xmsNRPsV LRiWF~LijLiLij. @LiVV[ ygS xmsVR*Li \|xmsL`iWms ssxqssV LRiLi xmsRRs sxtsQRWs xqsxtsQLi P[aSLRiV. sVL][ xmsj xmsyLRiLi P[}qs xmsNRPsV D][gRiVV zxtsQLjiLiys N][LSLRiV.
@LiVV[ W}qsNRPLRi xmsNTPRV][s[ sV[\lLi xmssVV xmsxmsLiRLi[ ]ryLji syLiR[ xmss[aRP|mss L][[ sVVsVLi RLiRV yRVVRV sV[\lLi\|ms C xqssWs[aRPLi[ VNS ryLiVVLSLixmsry` g_`, LSxtsQ VgRiV
FsNRPTsNRP[ sFRWLiVV. @Li[NSNRPVLiy sV[\lLi WRs[ DLij. Bs @sVLjiNSNRPV Lijs ss xqsLixqs C @jNSLRiV][ xqsdsVORPQ sLRi*zLi INRP sLRiRVLi dxqsVNRPVs[ RVVsR yRV NRPVV LRiVsWsV xqsWLRiyLSRV xmsry`,
sRVyR sgRiLSsNTP G sWRLi yRVNRPLi NSRs, FyNRPVNRPV xqsLiLijLis xmsFyRssV sVVsVLi @sNSaSV DyLiVV. aSsVWLji xmspLRiRLiRLSso RjRLRiVV FyyLRiV.
eekjTXK u>dt &^\ \\+
<>s sY =\+|!
xqsLjizmnsZNPV F~Lijs ARW
RVWssLji+ gRiVLjiLixmsoNRPV xqsLi
ks\|ms ssryRVaS[s N]LiRLRiV D][gRiVV sVVNSLji+,
NRPsVxtsQsL`isV NRPzqs @LiRLRiLi sNRPLi P[xqsW [ ByLRiV.
|<qT\ d+ d Jy\T... LijLi "HNSL`i'NRPV [ LSRVRLi
LjigjiLij. C s[xmsRLi[ AgS[s
kLi][ sVVNSLRiRLji+ A DRLRiV*sV szmss[RW=LijgS
NRPsVxtsQsL`iNRPV DRLRiV*V Lki P[aSLRiV. @lgi[ 'HNSL`i'gRiVLjiLixmso
<>T +<q @Li[RL`i saRP*syRWsNTP [s RVWssLji+ sVLi syL>RiR F~Lijs yLji xqsLjizmnsZNP
"HNSL`i' gRiVLjiLixmso [Rs xqssWysLi sV Rsd P[RW=LijgS D][gRiVV N][LRigS, 21c02c2017s
@ VLS , AL R xm : sNTPd FsLRiVsoV.. sNTPd xmsoLRiVgRiV sLij. NRPsVs s[xqsW DRLRiV*V Lki P[aSLRiV. NSgS 2009[
sVLiRVV.. sNTPd sRysV @LjiNRP= @jNSLRiVV sNTPd NSgS 2015[ N]LiRsVLij ssryRV aS NRPsVxtsQsL`igS Ds xqssVRVLi[ HNSL`i
Tgki][ @jNSLRiVVgS sV @soRVs xmnsVs ssry ssryRVaS D][gRiVV xms][s gRiVLjiLixmso[s @ysV\ RVWssLji+ syL>RiR F~Lij
RVaS[ NRPNRPLi xqsXztsQrLij. LSxtsQyxmsLigS ssryRV RV N][xqsLi N][LRiVsV AaRPLiVVLiyLRiV. ssryRVaSjNSLRiVVgS sRVsVLi][ BRLjis ]gjixqsW
aS[ [gRiqs Tgki][ xqsVsWLRiV 200 sVLij ssR aSjNSLRiVVgS sVLjiN]LiRLRiV ssryRVaS AR*LRiLi AxqssVRVLi[ ssryRV DRLRiV*V Lki P[aSLRiV.
x[y[ xmssP[xqsVsV xqssWyLRiLi. sNTPd syL>RiR][ [s ssR NSLSRW[ sRVsVRVRWLRiV. @xms sVVNSLRiRLji+gS Ds @sRLiRxmsodsR "HNSL`i' HNSL`i gRiVLjiLixmso[s RVWssLji+ sVLi syL>RiR
ssryRVaS[ N]srygRiVRVs yLji\|ms AaS[s sVLi "HNSL` ' gRiVLjiLixmso F~Lijs ssryRV saRP* gRiVLjiLixmso[s RVWssLji+ sVLi syL>RiR ryjLis F~Lijs D][gRiV\|ms [NSRVVNRP, ss=, {qsHU syLRi
N]LiRLRiVD][gRiVV [NSRVVNRP, ss=, {qsHU RjRLRi syRWV, @sVLiR NRPaS[ yVlgi[ N][LRiV=xmspLji yLjiNTP FsLi xms][sRVV, D][gSsNSaSV LRiVgRiVRVs s[xmsRLi[ Cs 27, 28, 29 [k[ [V
sxmnsW xqsLixqsNRPV zmnsLSRV P[aSLRiV. LSxtsQyxmsLigS sNTPd
Tgki][ xmssP[xqsVs D][gRiV\|ms sxmnsW xqsLixqsV syLRi
P[zqs GdFs{qs= syL>RiR ryjLisyLRiV INRP sLRiLigS,
"HNSL`i' gRiVLjiLixmso[s RVWssLji+ sVLi syL>RiR
NRPLiRRss 3c1c2015s N][LRiVNRPV xqsxtsQLi P[aSLRiV. 2011
sVLi 15 sLRiNRPV ss ssryRVaS NRPsVxtsQsLRiV, sVV
64. 65[ HNSL`isV gRiVLjiLixmso @sxqsLRiLi [R s[ DRLRiV*V
Lki P[RVRLi ssryRVaS D][gRiV[ NRP NRPLi
LRiVxmsoRVs xqssVRVLi[s[ ssryRVaS sVVNSLRi
RLji+ sVWRV L][[ sVWRV [sV dxqsVNRPVLSsRLi
F~Lijs yLRiV sVL][ sLRiLigS N]srygRiVRVyLRiV. dsLRiVRVV NSLRiRLRiV+V "HNSs' gRiVLjiLixmso[s RVWssLji+ sVLi
syL>RiR F~Lij D][gSV sLRi*zxqsVs yLjiNTP Is\sV
xqsXztsQLiLij. @[sRLigS sVWRV L][ [[ dsLRiLijLjiNUP
xms][sRVV NRPLiP[ sRLigS xysoTgS [
sVR Ay sVLi xms][sRV sxtsQRVLi[ syRLi
RLRidsRWLiaRPLigS sWLjiLij. @Li[NSNRPVLiy sxmnsW xqsLixqsV sVVR\Lij. |qssVLi NTPLiR sWssy RXNRPRLi][ yLRiLiRLjiNTP LRiWF~LijLiRRLi xqsLRi*y RLRidsRWLiaRPLigS sWLjiLij.
syLRi LRiVxmsoRVs xqssVRVLi[ HNSL`isV Fss[RVRLi NSgS 2011[ ssryRV aS NRPsVxtsQsL` gS Ds xms][sRVV, BRLRi xqsLki*xqsV sxtsQRW[ sVxqsVV Bj DLiRgSs[ HNSL`i gRiVLjiLixmso[s RVWssLji+ syLRi
][FyV gRiRN]s[VgS szmss[zqss xms][sRVNRPV gkis DuyLS AaS[ sN]s [gRiqs Tgki ssLRiLi\|ms NRPLiyLiW 20c12c2016[ NRPsVxtsQsL` gS Ds LRiFys sVVNSLRiRLji+ LSZaP[L`i dsWs NRPsVs
zqsgRi BxqsW [V sRVR P[RVRLi xmsV @sVsWyNRPV RXztsQ ryLjiLiyLRiV. "HNSL`i' gRiVLjiLixmso[s RVWssLji+V, RsVLiRVlLiT, sVVNSLRiRLji+ LSZaP[L`iNRPV [ LSaSLRiV. sRVsVLiyLRiV. C xmnsVs\|ms sVVsVLi RLiRV
yssLiVVLij.xmsysLigS ssryRVaS[ D][gRiLi NRPaS sVLi syL>RiR F~Lijs yLji xqsLjizmnsZNP\|ms ksNTP xqsLijLis sVVNSLRiRLji+ 20c01c2017s NRPsVxtsQs yRVVRV RXztsQryLjiLi sNTPd LRiRLi xmss HNSL`i
ryjLiyLi[ [ sLi.16 (21.01.2000) xmsNSLRiLi d syLRiNRPV NRPsVs sRWsVNRPLi P[xqsW Ay sVLi L`i RsVLiRVlLiT [NRPV @sVNRPWLigS @sVsVRVyLRiV. gRiVLjiLixmso F~Lijs D][gRiVV, sLRiV][gRiVV N][LRiVRVyLRiV.
RV ssryRV xmsLjia][Ry sVLiR (HNSL`i) gRiVLjiLixmso F~Lij yLRiLiRLjiNUP xms][sRVV, BLiNTPsVLiV, lLigRiV\lLi[xtsQs
s ssryRV saRP*syRWV, @sVLiR NRPaS[
Rjs xmsRV\s GdFs{qs= syL>RiR F~Lijs yLRiV
RjRLRi aSxmsLRi\sVs ysLis szmss[aSLRiV. 2012[
AsV xRWLi[ D][gRiV sRWsVNSsNTP [zmnsZNP[xtsQs Lki
sLiRs s[VLRiZNP[ [V M sVV NSLRiRLji+ LSZaP[L`i
sWRs[V @L>RiVV. C sLiRssV xmsNRP LSuy\s Li P[zqsLij. gRiRLi[ Ds [ sLi.16 xmsNSLRiLi "HNSL`i' gRiVLjiLixmso ssryRV aS[ HNSL`i, xms][sRVV sLiRs s[VLRiZNP[ [sV sRVR ssryRV aS sVVNSLRiRLji+
LSZaP[L`i sTLiyLRiV. D][gRiV sRWsVNSsNTP gRiVLjiLixmso RxmssxqsLji NSRs HNSL`i xqsxtsQLi P[zqsLiRyLRiV. |qsLi][LjiRVs
gS, NRPLSNRP, RsVyRV, ZNP[LRi RjRLRi LSuyV @sVV Ds RVWssLji+V, NRPaS sVLi sWRs[V Gd
P[xqsVyLiVV. H[ xmsVR*Li LRiWF~LijLis C [ Fs{qs syL>RiR F~Lijs yLjiNTP D][gSsNSaSV NRPLiy RVWssLji+ sxtsQRVLi[ gRiVLjiLixmso\|ms HNSL`i syys sTLiLiRyLRiV. xmsxqsVRLi ssryRV aS[ xmssP[xqsVs
D][gRiV[ @LiRLjids @sVsWsLiR[sVs, N]LiRLRiV NRPaSNRPV s TgkiV xmspLjiP[zqs xms F~LijsyLRiV NRPWy
sLiRsNRPV sLRiVRLigS 2009 xqsLisR=LRiLi[ Ay LRiV. @xms sVLi A sysLi Bxms sLRiNRPV N]srygRiV][Lij.
xmsVR*Li xqsVsWLRiV 200 sVLi 250 sVLij D][gRiVsV @sLiRLRiLi 2013[ NRPsVxtsQsL`igS sVRVxqsWsLSso Ds xqssV DyLRiyLRiV. HNSL`i sLiRs xqsRLixmso Rs r~LiR sLRiRVLi NSRyLRiV. 2009[ Ljigjis sRWsVNSNRPV xqsLiLijLi
@LRiVV F~LiRVxmsLRis syL>RiR xqsLjizmnsZNP\|ms syLRi LRiVgRiV][LiRyLRiV. RRsNRPVLiy Tgki xqsLjizmnsZNPV
"HNSL` ' gRiVLjiLixmso[s RVWssLji+ sVLi syL>RiR RVLi[ xqsLjizmnsZNP sxtsQRVLi[ syRLi\|ms RXztsQ ryLjiLiyLRiV.
xqsLjizmnsZNPV F~Lijs yLjis ssryRWjNSLRiVVgS sRV xmsysLigS DRL`ixms[a`P[s AgS[s @Li[RL`i F~LiRVxmsLjis yLji\|ms RLRiV RxmssyLRiV. ssryRV aS[ gRiR N]s[VgS LRiVgRiVRVs syys xmsLjixtsQLjiLiP[ jaRPgS
xmsRVyV P[xqsVysVs ssLjiLiyLRiV.
sVLiyLRiV. C D][gRiVV N]LiRLRiV sVLiR ssryRV RVWssLji+, RLRizqsLig`i RVWssLji+, BRLRi LSuy
8 $jTy& keTys+ 31 E 2017

y<+ d+
>+CsTT: yTq
WT d : N]s LRiNS sWszqsNRP yRVNRPV j_xtsQRLi xmssP[xqsVs
gRiLiLiVVs LRi`[ yRV xqssV][ @sVsVLiP[ RLRiV
dxqsVN][ys ZNP[LiR bPaRPV xqsLiZOP[QsV aS sVLi s[VsNS gSLik
@FyRVxmsyLRiV. N]s LRiNS \sR NTPR=NRPV gRiLiLiVV FsLi][
DxmsWgRiNRPLRiLigS xmssP[xqsVsLiRVs..C sxtsQRWs xmsLjigRi[NTP
dxqsVN][ys xqsxtsQLi P[aSLRiV. s[xtsQs Rg`i TsWLi` RgjiLixmso syysNTP
xqsLiLijLis ymns ZNP[s [ xmsLjibdPs N][xqsLi GLS\s sVLiRV
XLiRLi sVVLiRV s[VsNRP Rs @FyRWs sTLiyLRiV. x[LisVLi
LSy` AR*LRiLi[ GLS\s sVLiRV XLiRLi...N]s s s
xqssLRi][ ymns VNRPV AsWRLi zmsLij. C xqsLiRLRiLigS s[VsNSgSLik
sWRVRW ""@sVLjiNS Li @sXj Lijs [aS[ gRiLiLiVVs R
xqssVRLi P[aSLRiV. kLi][ @NRPT y[ gRiLiLiVV yRNRPLi NRPWy
RgjiFLiVVLij. LRi`[sW @Li syss[V @sL }qs sVLi xmnsRLi
sP[ @sNSaRPLi DLij. gRiLiLiVVs \sR NSLRiNRPFy N][xqsLi sWRs[V R
xqssVRLi P[RW'' @s FyLRiV. LSy` s[RXR*Li[ Ljigjis C

eqe+ |]w]<+
xqssWs[aRPLi[ FnyLS xqsWNRP Rg`i= sV NRPWy NRPsVkNRPLjiLiys s[VsNS
gSLik @FyRVxmsyLRiV. N][\s NSms zqsLRims=, B>yLi= sLi Rg`i=
yRNSs RgjiLiP[ RLRiV dxqsVN][ys N][LSLRiV.

s.3500
VssTTH |{y
(sVVR}ms RLRiVyLiVV) sRyLRiV. gRiR FyNRPVV C xqssVxqssV FRVs Fy N][xqsLi xmsLjixtsQLjiLiy= gS @yLRiV. DysLi xqssVxqssV RRVP[zqs sVVLiRV bdPNSNRPVLi DysLi FyLiRLi[
@x y` : LRiR Rg`i= RLjiR[s[ Lki sVVRLi[ |LSLiVVssV xqssVxqs\|ms ysV s[lLi[*LRiV NSLRiV][ xqsLijLi sLRiORPQLi P[aSLRis, xmsxqsVR FyNRPVV xmsLiRV DLiRyLRiV. sLRiNRPV s zmsV \|qsRLi C LSNUPRVLi P[RVsRs Bj G FyLkiN][ @sV aRPsyLRiLi xmsLRiLi ss LRi*L`i \sRVV,
N][qs gSL`i RV xmsVNRPVyLiVV. RsVNRPV @Lijs xqssWyLRiLi s[VLRiNRPV R[NRPFRWss, @LiRV[ LSNUPRV sLRiORPQLi N][[Rs, rysNRP yRVNRPVV xqsLijLiR[Rs xqssVxqs][ RxmsRVRVyLRis, xmsd INRPLRiW NRPWLigSsW, slLi[NRPLigSsW sLiRsRs F~|mnsxqsLRiV, rysNRPLigS Ds xmssVV
AjyLRiLi N][qs gSL`i NRPV Lijs xqssVVR FysN`P @s[ _NRP xqsRLRiV y _NRPsV NRPWy DLiRs @LiVV[ A R RssV dsLigS B Fss^y LSNUPRVLi P[}qsLiRVNRPV @sNSaRPLi xqssVxqs xmsLjiuyLSsNTP sRVLi gji}qs RxmsNRPVLi xmsss xms[xms[ szms P[aSLRiV. FsLi][ s[Vy \sRV][ NRPWTs XLiRLi AjyLRiLi
sVyxLi 12 gRiLiNRPV @RVNRPVLij. C _NRPsV @RVN][sysNTP sVVLiRV N][qs NRPs[zqsLiRyLRiV. A zms sVLRiVsNRPsVVLi[ DLiRyLRiV. RORPQs[V DysLi xqssVxqssV xm- y DysLi xqssVxqs xmsLjiuyLRisVsoRVLi aRPNTP][ @VLiVsV NRPs|mssxmsVRV Dy DRRVLi NTPU jR xqssVxqs\|ms xmsLi[xtsQs
gSL`iNRPV Lijs FsssVj sVLij A sWLRiLi[ xmsV _NRPsV xmsLjibdPLi, DysLi[ xqssVxqssV N]LiRLRiV sVRVV (y sVR*Li RXztsQNTP dxqsVNRPVssVs, xqsLijLi RyLRiV. BLiRVNRPV @sxqsLRi\sVs RaRPVj sLi xqssVxqsNRPV FsLiRVNRPV xmsLjiuyLRiLi NRPs|ms[ ByLRiV. A RLRiVyR yj sVWV
sLRiNRPV |LSLiVVs ]LjiNTPs zmss= 2 @s[ _NRPsV RsV RgRiLRiVs xqssWyLRiLi sV XLiRLi) Rs RXztsQNTP dxqsVNRPVLSsRLi xqssVxqs xmsLjixtsQLjiLiRNRPF[ @xmsVRV xmsss NR DLiys FyLidRV sLi, NRPVLi, sVRLi, sVs xmsss xmsbPLiyLRiV. s[VRxqsV=, @sVsLi NRPsVg][sysNTP, RRVxmsLji yss sy
AyLRiLigS @RVNRPVyLRiV. N][qs gSL`i R][ FyV Hd, Fdqs, NRPxqssV= s[dsNTP LjigjiLiRyLRiV. RsNRPV A R zqsLij FssLji RLRiVxmsos Dsj VysyLRiV. LSNUPRVLi][ xqsLiLiRLi [NRPVLiy @LiRLRiW jRVNRPV yRVLi Ljilgi[ sRLigS P[xqsVLiR LjiLiP[LiRVNRPV ysVV @RRVsLi P[zqss
Lijs @jNSLRiVV C y _NRP\|ms RLSxmso P[xqsVyLRiV. FL`iLiRL`i NS RORPQs[V xqsLijLiysyLRiV. ZNP[sLi xmsNRPV ryRVLi P[RWs[ Rs D[aRP NRPzqs xmssP[RWs zmsVxmsosyLRiV. yLRiV. ry sVsztsQNTP ryRVLi P[RWs ssLSsV sTLiyLRiV. xqssWs[aRPLi[
|qsxtsQ AxmslLi[xtsQs=NRPV Lijs @jNSLji N][qs gSL`i sVLi RsVNRPV C s[VLRiNRPV NRPVLi, sVRLi, N][xqsLi FLSLi sVyLRiV. ry sVsztsQ RxmsT[ RWR[s Rxmss sWRs[V Rs[ DLiRyLRiV. N]LiR LRi*L`i \sRVV [xqsmns][ FyV DysLi
xqssWs[aRPLi N][xqsLi xqsWRsV @LiyRVs NRPWy FyLRiV. ry*ksLi P[xqsVNRPVs rygjiLiP[yTs NSRyLRiV. sWssR*Li N][xqsLi sVsxqsR*Li RsRyLRiV. xqssVxqs xmsLjiuyLSs dsV[ INRPTgS sVLij sVzV Rs RXztsQNTP INRP xqssVxqssV sFxms xmssVV \sRVV .LRisLS, BLiNS
|LSLiVVs 1500 ZNP[V NSgS.. ks sVs xqsVsWLRiV LRiW. 3,500 N][V FLS[ sVsztsQgS sVVLiRVNRPV rygRiVRVy NTP \sFsqsAL`i NSLilgiqs FyLki (xmsxmsORPQFyLki) DLiys[ @sVRLi dxqsVNRPVsyLRis , syry sVR sVRLi yNRPL`i NRPXxtsQsVWLji, yNRPL`i RVLSLSso, yNRPL`i
DLiVLiRs N][qs gSL`i @jNSLRiVV sTLiyLRiV. xqssWyLRiLi @LiRgSs[ sVyLRiV. NRPVsVyNRPV, LSNUPRWNRPV Bj gRi[xs lLiT xqsxNSLRiLi NRPWy dxqsVNRPVLi ysV dsV[ INRPTgS DLiys N][LRiV RVNSV GLSV P[RVsRs ys sLiNRP xqsZaP, ROTPQsVWLji RjRLRiVV
xqssVVRLi[s saS\sVs FyLiRLi\|ms gSLiksgRiL`i, FLRiLiRL`i[ Ds @dRsVyLRiV. G INRPLRiW @VsLi sVyLRiV. LSNUPRV N][xqsLi NSNRPVLiy NRPVLisV Rxms ysV INRPTgS DLiys ryLSLiaRPsVs sVzV @LiR[zqss xmsNSLRiVsV xmsxqsLigjiLiRgS, xqssV yNRPL`i NSsVlLiT LS[tsQ
FyLidRV, N][qs gSL`i xmsys NSLSRWV sxmnsW DLiRVyLiVV. @LiaSV][ DysLi xqssVxqssV sVVT|ms DysLi xqssVxqssV sVsVxtsQV N][xqsLi, @NRPR FsxmsVRW N][LRiVN][[Rs xmsss D[*gRiLjiRLi xmsssNRP xqs[ xmsRLji+LiyLRiV. @LiRNRPV sTzmsLiyLRiV.

ePV\ H\! eT& >ess

(sVVR}ms RLRiVyLiVV)
N]LiRNSLi sVLigS xmssP[zqss Fss.RLiRsWxs
lLiT(bPsWxs lLiT)s \sNSFy @LjigS FsLizmsNRP
P[xqsVNRPVs Dxms FssNRP Lji[NTP jLiFyLRiV. RLiRV
LSNUPRV @sVsLi U{ms @Lji WsW
sLiRlLiTNTP @LiRgS DLiRgS , \sNSFy @Lji
bPNRPV FyLki @js[R gRisNRPV Ds xmsRLRi @LiRgS
DxmsWxmsRVRVLiRs @FyRVLi][ DyLRiV.
sLiy Dxms FssNRP[ xmsys FyLRiVVgS
Ds BRLRiV @LRiV LSNUPRV s[xmsRLi xmsLjibdP}qs
sWNRPsLRi xmsLjizqsRVV , sLSV , LSNUPRV @sxqsLS
Ljiy BRLRiW BV sVLi @V, @V sVLi BV FyLkiV
sWLjis ylLi[ . rysNRP xmsLjizqsRV RXuy BxmsoRV BRLRiV
@LRiVNRPV lgiVxmso sVVs[V NSsRV . NSs yLjis RsV
FyLki @LRiVVgS szms yLji sRVLi N][xqsLi aRPsVLiP[
U{ms @js[R RLiRVyRVVRNRPV , \sFsqsAL`i
NSLilgiqsFyLki @js[R gRi[xs lLiTNTP LSsVs 2019
ryLRi*NRP FssNRPNRPV sLiy Dxms FssNRP {ms\|mnss
xmsLkiORPQgS sWLjiLij. ALiRxms[a` xms[ NSNRPVLiy
LigS LSxtsQLi NRPWy BxmsoRV sLiyV Dxms FssNRP\|mss[
AxqsNTPgS RWrLij. dRV LSNUPRV FyLkiV NRPWy
sLiy Dxms FssNRP FLRiVsV gRisVsxqsVyLiVV.
yeT+!
sb HD...
sVVsVLi RLiRV yRVVRV BxmsZNP[ lLiLiRV
ryLRiV sLiy[ xmsLRiLi FssNRP g_Li`sV FyLki
@Lji WsW sLiRlLiTNTP @sVNRPWLigS sVP[
xmsRVyV P[zqs syLRiV.
LSxtsQsVLisLRiLi[s @LRiRsV sVLiRVsV
@NRPn[ sVNSLi s[LiVVLiyLRiV. NRPV xqsLixmnsW @sWsLi
F~Li[LiRVNRPV FyLki[ @sVsLi Ds {qssRVLRisV
(sVVR}ms RLRiVyLiVV)
|msR][ RLjiLi LSNRPVjlLi[LiRVNRPV BLRiV LSuy\|mss |msRsLigRi sNTP
@sxqsLRiLi. [y ZNP[LiRLi sVLi RLRiRW xmssj LSy= DLiVLij.
@Li[NSRV.. G LSuysNSLSuysNTP xms[NRP gRisLRiL`i DLi[ ARVs
xmsWyV A LSxtsQ xmsLjijZNP[ xmsLjisVRsyLiVV. @lgi[ @jNSLRi xmsLjij
LSxtsQLi sLRiZNP[ DLiVLij. BRLRiV sVVsVLiRV IZNP[][ P[lLi[ @sNSaRPLi
#H <s! (sVVR}ms RLRiVyLiVV) ygS |qsLiVVN`P sWL`i= gRiVLS`[s x[
sLiy RV[ RNRPLRiV s[LiVVxqsVyLRiV. sVL][\sxmso ARVsNRPV LiRRV. dssLis xmsLjigRis[NTP dxqsVNRPVs sVLjiN]LiRNSLi A[sVV\ LRiLigSs[ NSsRLi sZaP[xtsQLi. dLig`iNRPV Lijs FyLi\|ms NRPs[zqsLij. 2019 yNTP r~LiR LiRsV
\|RLS`[s FyLki ZNP[LiR NSLSRVLi sVLiP[ DsVT gRisLRiL`is[ N]srygjiLiRRLi s[Vs xmsLjibdPNRPVV sZaP[ztsQxqsVyLRiV. BRLRi A[sVV\ jgRiLi uyLi\|mnsV A[sWs BLiR{qs RRWLRiV P[zqs LRi`[ sNRPLiVVLiys srLij.
BxmsyNRP sLiy Dxms FssNRP FyRsVNRP xmsNTPRVsV LSuy xmsLjizqsRVV s[LRiV. NSds VgRiV LSuy[ sN]s xmsLjizqsRVV sLi. NSL]lLi[xtsQs (|qsLiVVN`P) ]VR sLRi sWL`i=][ NRPzqs yLigRis A[sW\= sWRs LSxtsQLi ALiRxms[a`P[
sTzmsxqsW ss \sNSFy @js[R gRisNRPWR sLiy BxmsVTxmsV[ lLiLiRV LSuy sVR xqsLiRVsVsLi ssLjirLij. xqssVxqs ]VR LRi`[ NSVsWzmsLij. @LiVV[, A RLS*R FyLisV GLSV P[xqsVNRPVs 2020 yNTP FsqsRVVssV
xmsLRisNRPV zqsRsVsoRVyLRiV. sP[s lLiLiRV xmsLjiuyLSsNTP BRLRiV sVVsVLiRVV rysVNRPW RXNRPRLi][ sxtssVLiLij. sLRi sWL`i= BxmsVRV LRi` sVLi DR P[RWs xmsNRPV s[rLij. lgi[ y sWL`i
sRVRVgS sLiy[ FssNRP xmsLRis P[RWs sVVLiRVN]xqsVyLRiV. sVVLigS DsVT gRisLRiL`i xqsWRsV, A[aS BRLRiV RxmsVN][ys sxqsVLiRgS, gRiVLS`[s x[ LigRiLRiV[ xmsLjia][Ry ZNP[LiRLi GLSVNRPV LRiLigRiLi zqsRLi
xqsWRFyRVLigS sLRiLiVVLiRVNRPVyLRiV. sP[s 3s AsWjxqsVyLRiV. C RaRP[ sTsTgS gRisLRiLRi sRWsVNSsNTP ZNP[LiRLi NRPWy FyLisV sLRi sWL`i= sVLi r~LiRLi P[xqsVN][sysNTP P[xqsVNRPVLiVLiRgS, dNUP sWL`i= Fns NRPWy LRids
gRis sLiy[ ]ryLji Dxms FssNRP xmsLRisN][xqsLi rysVNRPWLigS DLiRNRPFsRs dsLRiV sZaP[ztsQxqsVyLRiV. Ljigji DsVT |qsLiVVN`P sWL`i= BxmsVRV xmsRVrLij. @lgi[, Li` [gSL`i][ LRi`[ DRRVV FyLRiLiLiys
FyLki ZaP[VV Lki GLSV P[xqsVyLiVV. sVWRV gRisLRiL`is[ sRVsVLiP[ @sNSaSV DLiRVs }msL]LiVyLRiV. lgi[y sWL`i=, yLigRis sWL`i=, dNTP Fn~s, WrLij.
L][FyV ARVs @NRP[ sVNSLi s[zqs FssNRP xmsyLRi ys|mnsLig`i A[, NTPLig`iFny, r= NRPLi|msdsV NRPWy RsV LRi`\|ms \y NRPs[RVysNTP xmsysLigS lLiLiRV
spxLi @sVVNRPV bdPNSLRiLi RVVsVyLRiV. BxmsZNP[
\sNSFyNRPV Lijs FssV[V, FyLki FsLi{msV ,
sVLjiN]LiRLRiV sVVs[RV sLiy[s[ DLiW
<>T\ d+eTyT DRRVsV LRi`[ FyLRiLiLiRysNTP
RxRxRVRVyLiVV. xmsxmsLiRyxmsLigS, FnN`P=
ygRis, sLRi sWL`i= LkigS sxqsLjixqsVLiRgS, \y
NRPLi|msdsV NRPWy @[ yLji[ Fxmsys xmsNRPsV
NSLRiV NRPszmsxqsVyRVs sZaP[xtsQNRPVV VRVyLRiV.
INRP... 2030 yNTP LRi` FsNTPN`P yxyZNP[ FyysLi
BrysVs xmsNRPLiRRLi, lLiLi][j... BxmsZNP[ HL][Fy
ryLiZNP[NRPRsV RsV gRiry*sVV sVLi @Lij
FssNRP xmsyLRiLi P[xqsVyLRiV. gRis LSNRP][ sLiy Dxms
FssNRP s[T sVLjiLiR |msLRigRisVLij. e |<eT se+ LRixqsVyLiVV.
xmsxmsLiRLi[s[ @ |msR NSLRi sWlLi @LiVVs
\y[ 2016[ 28 sVRVs NSLRisV sNRPLiVVLiyLRiV.
xmsoRVNRPVs \y NRPLi|msdsV HL][Fy yR... \y RLRi
syRLi @LijxmsoRVN][sRLi. sVVR sxtsQRWsNTP s}qs,
BxmsZNP[, \y NRPLi|msdsV FsNTPN`P yxy @LiaRPLi[

u bsY| |@d s (sVVR}ms RLRiVyLiVV)

\ | y\
sDXKqT]q |@d s
dT|+ +uD+ dT
WT d : sVWRV RaS y [FnL`i= NRPVLi
N][Li\|ms sVL][ryLji RLRi sVVR\s s[xmsRLi[ xmsN`P
@N_Li= NRPsV c {msG{qs LRiLigRiLi[NTP jgjiLij. NUPNRP yNRPV
sVLisV sLis[ gRiVLjiLiP[ @jNSLRiVsV A[bPLiy
s LRiORPQaSNRPV szms P[zqsLij. d[U FsLi{ms RXxLji
sVxy s[RXR*Li[s ALRiVgRiVLRiV xqsV {msG{qs NRPsV
[FnL`i= NRPVLiN][Li\|ms xms[NRP RXztsQ |msLij. C
s[xmsRLi[s[ C NRPVLiN][sNTP xqsLiLijLi LRiORPQ aS
dLRiVsV FsLiRgRiLij. NRPLiFnL`i @Li` ATL`i sLRi
LjiFLRiV[s @LiaSNRPV xqsLiLijLis \|mns= NRPszmsLiRRLi
[Rs LRiORPQ aS dLRiVsV {msG{qs AZOP[QzmsLiLij. [FnLRiV=
ryLiR \|ms gRiR s[ Ljigjis xqssWs[aRPLi[ LRiORPQ aS
@jNSLRiV sLRiORPQxmso xqssWyy\|ms {msG{qs sVLiTxms
TLij. {msG{qs dsVL g`i sVs= xmsNSLRiLi LRiORPQ aS {qss
RVL`i @jNSLRiVV [FnL`i= NRPVLiN][sNTP xqsLiLijLi
NRPszmsLiRNRPVLiy FLiVVs \|mnssV sZNP[xmss[ DsV
VrLij. C NRPVLiN][sNTP xqsLiLijLis xmspLji
ssLSsV xmsN`P @N_Li= NRPsVNTP BP[LiRVNRPV @jNS
LRiVV xqsLizqsRR sNRPLi P[zqssV xqssWyLRiLi. {qs*Rs
sVLi ARVVy N]sVg][VNRPV sVVRVxmso xmsLixmsNSV
Fs LRigS[ NRPWy LSsgSLik[V sLRiLiVVLiyLRis
sVL][ryLji AL][xmsV ss s[xmsRLi[ xmsN`P @N_Li=
NRPsV LRiLigRiLi[NTP jgjiLij.
xqsV{msLiN][LRiV[ syLRiNRPV sP[ @sNSaRPLi
[FnL`i= ARVVy sVVRVxmso NRPVLiN][Li ZNP[xqsV
R*LRi[ xqsV{msLiN][LRiV syLRiNRPV sP[ @sNSaRPsVVLiR
xmsyLRiLi LRiVgRiV][Lij. 64 N][ sVVRVxmso ss
LRiLi\|ms N]LiRLRiV yRVryys AaRPLiVVLiP[ WRs[
DsV VrLij.1986[ {qs*Rs sVLi ARVVy
N]sVg][V }msLRiV][ Ljizmssi 1437 N][V IxmsLiRLi[
xmsVsoLjiNTP sVVRVxmsoV @LiyRVs AL][xmsVyLiVV.
y xmsyssVLi LSs gSLik[V sVVRVxmso xmsLixms sLiRssV xmsNRPs xmsVR*Li ssxLjirLiRs ARVs ssLjiLiyLRiV.
NS[ NUPNRP FyR FztsQLiyLRis AL][xms s[xmsRLi[
C ZNP[xqsV xqsL][*sR yRVryysNTP P[lLi[ @sNSaSV
NRPszmsxqsVyLiVV. dsNTPj..yNRPj @s RLiRLigS Ljigjis C
IxmsLiRLi\|ms ygS sVL][zmsxtsQs y[V xqsWRs
V NRPszmsxqsVyLiVV.
gRiV LS`[s
gSLiksgRiL`i[
500 Gy
HRV @LiRxqsV
jgRiVRV s
zmnssVLi\|ms @NRPT sVVsVLi sVLisVLiR xqssWs[aRPLi GLSV P[zqs
sys sLRiRVLi xmsNRPLiyLRis FyLRiV. xmsVR* aS[s[ NSNRPVLiy ssR
NSL]lLi[xtsQs[ xmssP[}qs D][gRiV xmsRds sLRisV sRVxqsVsV 60NTP |msLis
xmnsVsR NRPWy VgRiV[aRPLi xmsVy*s[ss ARVs xqsxtsQLi P[aSLRiV. sxmsORPQ FyLki
\sFsry=L`i NSLilgiqs @sXjs sL][jLiP[LiRVNRPV xmsRVrLiRs, @LiVVy
sVVNRP[s \LRiLi][ yxqsysV xmsNRPV zms sVVLiRVNRPV rygRiVRVs
sxtsQRWs ARVs gRiVLRiV P[aSLRiV. xms[ \sNSFyNRPV Ds saRP*xqsdsRVR
N][[RVs ALi][s[ xmsVR*Li\|ms [sFs AL][xmsV P[xqsW xmsLi
gRiRVxmsoNRPVs[LiRVNRPV A FyLki xmsRVrLiRs RLiRV RVRVLRiV. NRPVLiVyLiVV.
@sVLSs[ xmssP[xqsVs @jNSLRiVV, zqsLijNTP aSaRP*R gRiXsV
sLjiLiP[LiRVNRPV xmsNRPsV zqsRLi P[xqsVysVs BLiNS D][gRiVNRPV G[V
xmsWyV P[NRPWLS[ ys @RRVsLi P[zqs @sVV P[}qsLiRVNRPV
xmsRVxqsVysVs FyLRiV. xmsVR* D][gRiV[ \sNSFyNRPV Ds
slLi[NRPRsV RVN][[NRP D][gRiV[ RV|ms[LiRVNRPV A FyLki
xmsRVrLiRs ARVs AL][zmsLiyLRiV. @LiRVZNP[ xmsRds sLRisV sRVxqsVsV
RgjiLiys[ WRs[ RsV xmsVR*Li DLiRs AL][xmssV sWzms
Ry*LS LSNUPRV xmsWsLi F~Li[Li RVNRPV A FyLki NRPV xmssLiRs
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keTys+ 31 E 2017
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BsLig`i=[ @LRiaRPRNRPLi][
@LjiLiyRV. C
NRPsVLi[ BLiTRW
A[ lLiLi][
xqsV[ J|mssLRisV
FsLizmsNRP P[RVRLi J
xmsaRPgS sWLjiLij.
V[s sVgRiVLRiV ms
=sVs C xqsV[ LSLi
xmsLRiVgRiVV N]g]LRiV. kLi][
sVLigRiyLRiLisVLi N]Li[[ sVVR\
lLiLiRVxqsVNRPV V[ FssLjis FsLizmsNRP P[RW?
@s[ sxtsQRVLi[ LRisaSzqsQ, N][{ \sW[
xmsyLRiV. Bj NTPxtsQ\sVs xmsLjizqss[? @LiW N][{
\|qsRLi @LigkiNRPLjiLiyRV. yxqssLigS sVVR bPL`i
sV[L`i sRysVsVNRPVyRV. NSds
sVVLRid sRVLi gSRVLi][
zqsLkiqs sVVysNTP
NSsRLi][ ss[ lLigRiVL`i
J|mssL`i bPL`i ysssV C xmsLRisNRPV
FsLizmsNRP P[aSLRiV. @RRV gS xqsV[ @sWxmnsVLigS AT 190
xmsLRiVgRiVV P[zqs Rs ryys xqsVzqsLRiLi P[xqsVNRPVyRV. C s[xmsRLi[
sRLi[ G\y LRiVgRiVsRVss N][{ FyRV.
yxqssLigS @LiVV[ yss][ NRPzqs ZNP[Fs LSx lLiLi][ xqsV J|mssL`igS
jgS= DLij. @LiVV[ @ss @LRiaRPRNRPLi][ ARRLi][ @RRV NRPWy lLiLi][xqsV\|ms
AaRPV |msLiRVNRPVyRV. @[ sRLigS L][z`aRPLRi \|qsRLi Rs @sNSaRPLi N][xqsLi
FsRVLRiVRWxqsVyRV. gRiR xqsLisR=LRiLi sWLi` zqsLkiqs[ gSRVxmsT VNRPV
RWLRi\sVs L][z` yLizmsRVs=[{mns[ ][V RNTPLiRVN][sRLi][FyV RNRP
Lig`i][ bdPLiNRP xmsLRisNRPV FsLizmsNRPRWRV.
NSds @RTNTP ] xqsV[ A[ @sNSaRPLi RNRP[RV. LRis\|qsRLi
gRiRLi[ J|mssL`igS jgjis @sVsLi DLij. BRLRiV J|mssLRiV DLiRRLi][
LRissV yVgRisrysLi[ Lig`iNRPV jLiRVRVyLRiV. BxmsoRV
J|mssLRiV sWRs[V NSNRPVLiy sVTLRiL`i[ \|qsRLi FyLiR
us us
|d& |\T
WT d M LRiR NRP=LRiV xmszqsT
xmsRNSV ryjLiyLRiV. N`P LjixmsN`P[
Ljigjis 48s gSLi` zms D{qss` sV
[LRisVLi[ 5 xqs*LSV 2 LRiyV
INRP NSLixqsLi @LiRVNRPVyLRiV.
xmsxmsLiR yLizmsRVsztsQms NSLixqs s[R
bPsyFny 60 NTP[ sgRiLi[,
NSsVs* xqs*LRi s[R sV[ NRPVsWL`i
69 NTP[V, @sV` xmnsLigRi 52 NTP[V,
g_LRis RWLji 56 NTP[V, xqsda`PNRPVsWL`i
91 NTP[ sgS[ xmszqsT xmsRNSV
lgiVRVNRPVs syLRiV. @lgi[ NRPsLiRL`i
52 NTP[V, sVdsa`P xmss*L`i 81 NTP[[
LRiR xmsRNSV ryjLiRgS, xqsVsV`
xqsLigS*s 91 NTP[ sgRiLi[ NSLixqsLi
ryjLiyRV.
Printed & Published by MOOTHA GOUTAM on behalf of Andhra Prabha Publications Ltd., and Printed at Andhra Prabha Publications Ltd., Part no 75, Opp: Time Hospital, Ashok Nagar, Vijayawada - 520010.
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1 4. KsY <eH
RWLRiLi
VsH| eTT+u >\T|
|\ R LS` M@sWmsNRPVsWL`i ryLRiRLi[s RVV sVVLi
V @j*dRVLigS LSLi AjyLRiLiyTNRPR gRi[
Ljigjis F~ NRPU dg`i sW`[ xLSy {qsL`i=sV ZNP[sLi IZNP[
INRP FyLiVVLi [y][ JTLiLij. ALji ssVxtsQLi sLRiNRPV
DRLihRigS rygjis FLRiV[ sLRiNRPV sVVLi xmsRLjis 29c28
[y][ RVP[zqs C {qss[ ] sRWs @LiRVNRPVLij. J
lLiLiVV` FyLiVVLi][ @sWms y LjisxmsNUP, xLSy
\|qsRLi @[ [LRiV][ ATLij. xqsWLji` zqsLig`i ryjLis [sqs
FyLiVVLi][ L][ 2c2 FyLiVVLi][ xqssVLigS syLiVV. C
RaRP[ sVVLi sVWRV lLiLiVV`=[ INRP FyLiVVLi NRPWy
@LiRVN][[NRPFsys @sNSaRPLigS sVVRVNRPVs xLSy
xmsRLjiNTP xqssVLigS RWxqsVNRPVs FLiVVLij. sNSqs Li][
Editor: M Satish Chandar, Responsible for News selection under PRB ACT. RNI Regd No. 3464/59.
10
LSsRLi][ FssLjis dxqsVN][ys[ dsVsWLixqs GLRiTLij. @LiRLRiW gS LSxqsVsxmsoRV FssLjis dxqsVN][y? @s[
sxtsQRVLi[ N]LiR BLij {mnss*RLi xqsxs[V.
INRPs[ FssLji\sy xmsNRPs|msy..RxmsNRPVLiy yLRiV RsV xqssVxqssV @LRiLi P[xqsVNRPVLiLRis sryss N][{ @yRV.
@lgi[ gS xqsV[ LRiV \|qsRLi gS LSLiRRLi N][{s AsLiRxmsLRiVrLij. sVVLigRi @bP*s, [ @LiRy s[VLRi
1. sVY Xs
2. . m. sVQ
3. n_qy eTT+<
2 sVLjiLiR |msLjigjiLiRs Fy. LRisaSzqsQ NSLis[xtsQs[
3 4
ryjLis sLRiVxqs lLiLiVV`][ INRP RaRP[ BLRiV V 8c8][
syLiVV. B[ @RsVgS xLSy sVL][ lLiLiRV FyLiVVLiV
@LiRVNRPVs sVVRryLji 10c8 ][ AjNRPLi[NTP sLij. C
NRPsVLi[ xLSy J A @LiRVN][sRLi y*LS xmsRsWLRiLi
sVVgji}qsxqsLjiNTP RsV AjNSs 15c11 NTP |msLiRVNRPVLij. RRVxmsLji
xqsZNP=qsxmsolLiLiVV`][ xLSy AjNRPLi 19c12NTP |msLiRVNRPVLij.
xmsRsWLRiLi NRPLi[ j*dRWLRiLi[s[ sVVLi sVLjiLiR
sXLiLi FyLiVVLiV N]g]Lij. kLi][ ]mns[
AjNRPLi @LiRVNRPVsxmsNUP {qsL`i= ssVNRPTFLiVVLij.
sVQ #<] 500 s& bsTT+ ]sT
VgRiV \s= ZNP|mss 24
G LSx _RLji J @LRiV\s
LjiNSLRiVsV @LiRVNRPVyRV.
j. F~ NRPU[ sVW][sW`gS LigRiLRiVV=][ RxmsT
LigRiLRiV][ Ljigjis sW`[
LSx 500 \lLi` FyLiVVLisV
LigRiLRiV V xmspLji AjNSs xmsRLji+Li 31c21][ LRiV
ryjLi, ks @LiRVNRPVs G\ZNPNRP
NUPyNSLRiVTgS syRV. C
\s=\|ms lgiVxmso[ L][z`NRPVsWL`i NUPNRPFyR FztsQLiyRV.
sW`NRPV sVVLiRV @RRV 499
\lLi`][ DyRV. sW`[ Rs lLiLi][ lLiLiVV`
sLi 15 lLiLiVV` FyLiVVLi[ LiRgS LigRiLRiV 17 ryjLi
xqsLiRLRiLigS V= T|mnsLiRL`i LRidsLiRL`isV ` P[RVRLi
y*LS C \sVVLSLiVV ryjLiyRV. sVVR, yVg][
Lij. \s=NRPV 4 LSgS LigRiLRiV 10 ryjLiLij. xmsR
{qss[ LSx sWqs yVV }msRVL`i Amns j
{qssgS ss sxtsQRVLi zqsLi[.
z$T us yjTe<T: |<
WT d M xms sVRRV sosLiRVs xmsxmsLiRNRPms JsV xmsxmsLiRNRPms lgissLiRVNRPV yLRiV RxmsRRLi s[sV
LRiLi sWRVsRs sVz NTPZNP VNRPV xqsWLisV gRisVsLiysV. Bj dsVTRW RVVgRiLi. @LiRyV FsNRPVsgSs[
xmsys slLi[LiR sWU FyLRiV. H{qs{qs xmsxmsLiRNRPms[ Bs DLiLiVV. sRVLi @LiRNRPF[ @j sLSaRP, AgRixLigS
sVydLS V \|mnss[ 9 xmsLRiVgRiV [y][ BLigRiLi`\|ms sWLRiVRVLij. NSds sVs V xmsxmsLiRNRPms lgiVRVN][[NRPFLiVV
JsVFy\ LRisLRimsgS ss sxtsQRVLi zqsLi[. y yLjis ssVLji+LiR[RV FssLRiW. @RVR xmsRLRi+sNRPV
JTsxmsNUP yLRiV 125 N][ sVLij xXRRWV lgiVRVNRPV @sLijLiyLRis xmsys FyLRiV. dsVLRiV \|mnss lgiVs[
yLRis sWU sVsNUP` NSLRiNRPsVLi[ ssLjiLiyLRiV. NRPFsRV. NSds ORPQj @sWsVsV lgiVRVNRPVyLRis
V][ sWRRLi yNRPV y xqsLi][uysLij. sWU @yLRiV.
nHqT d]+q ;dd
WT d M LRi` RLRixmnsQos
50 xqsVV ATs 30s AgS
TgS ss Gqs zqssL`i
@bP*ssV d{qs{qsH xqsRLjiLi
Lij. gS xqsV @RTNTP 50sj
NSgS, lgiVxmso @sLiRLRiLi sV
LSLiyLRiyRV. gS zms` Lig`iNRPV @sVNRPWLiRRLi][ BLiTRW ]
xqsLiRLRiLigS FyRV.
y\+| dT|+
y~+#qTq ;dd
sVLi[ @LijLiLij. sLiNRP
LSxmnsVss, xLRis RLS*R
Bs xqsVV ATs sVW][ mns
zqssL`i NSsRLi sZaP[xtsQLi.
LRiR xqsV NTPZNP RLjiR
[s[ C xmnsVsR @LiRVNRPVs
AL][ zqssL`i @bP*s. @RRV 50
xqsV[s[ 279 sZNPV ryjLi
yRV. y sVVLiRV FsLi
@LiZNPV [so. ZNP[sLi [aRPLi
RLRixmnsQos @RVsRLigS A[LiRVZNP[ FsNRPVs FyysR Bryss @bP*s C
BsLig`i=[ 600, lLiLi][ ys[ 240/3 xmsLRiVgRiVV
P[RVgS, Lig`i[ lLiLiRVryLRiV bdPLiNRPsV
sVW]LiR[}ms A P[RVgRigjiLij.
sW spxLi FsxmsoRW
xmsRLjis IT[ sysZNP[
DLiVLij. C xqsV[ ks
xqsxmnsdNRPXRLi P[RVgRigSLi @yRV.
sW`\|mss[ N][{
RXzt
N][` syRLi][
N]LiR ITFy\s LRiR
ZNP|mss sLSN][{ C
VVL \ M FyLRiRLRi+NRPR N][xqsLi ZNP[LiRLi @s LiRLRisV C s[Li sLRi*zrLij.
xqsVNRPV @sds sVLji BLiT RVs {mssVRVL`i dg`i dsVTRW xNRPV LiRLRisV Cs[Li FsLiRVNRPV
sVLjiFLiVV xmspLjigS ys\|ms
RXztsQ |msRV. @lgi[
sLRi*zLiRNRPWRRV? @s xqsV{msLiN][LRiV d{qs{qsHs xmsbPLiRgS..ks\|ms lLiLiRVy
LS[ xqssWysLi Bs*s= DLiVLij. BxmsZNP[ zqsqs kxmsN`P sVaS
Lig`i[sW lLiLi][ BsLig`i=[
@[RVLigS 103 xmsLRiVgRiVV
s[RXR*Li[ RLSxqssLi d{qs{qsHNTP [xqsVV xmsLizmsLiRRLi LjigjiLij. LRiW 18000
N][ sV\ss H{msFs dsVTRW xNRPVsV C s[Li[s[ sLRi*zLiyLiW
P[RVgRigSRV. Rs @sVRLi s[VLRiNRPV
LRisaSzqsQs N][`gS dxqsVNRPVs NRPsVLi[
d[{ms FsLi{ms xqsVxry*sV zms yV P[zqss sxtsQRVLi sjRs[V.
ks\|ms d{qs{qsH xqsLijLiy= DLij. C s[Li NSLRiLigS LST RgjiFRVLiRs
FssLRiW s[ RWxmsNRPVLiy Ays
xmsVR][ N][{ C sW`[ AT sVLki
RWFyRV. ZNP|mssgS Rs ZNPLkiL`i[s[ J Lki
d{qs{qsH srLij. NTPZNP gRiV gRisV ZNP[LiVVLixmso Lij NSRs N][LRiVNRPV
Fys NRPWy d{qs{qsE D[aRPLigS NRPszmsrLij. `=sV dsVTRW
xqssVORPQLi[s[ Lji @s sy @L>RiV\syLjiZNP[ ZNP[LiVVrysVs xqsV{msLiNRPV
sRWs @k..LiNRP gRiRdsVR yLjis ssLjirysVs d{qs{qsH V][Lij.
RVgS JTLiRRLi y*LS ryjLiRRs[V
NSNRPVLiy Lig`i[sW sVVdR xqsV[s[
|qsLiRLki][ @LjiLiyRV. kLi][ N][{ ARsaS*xqsLi
qT #sT+: @@m|t
lLiLi][ BsLig`i= ALRiLiLis N][{, C xqsV sVVR
BsLig`i=[ ZNP[sLi 3 xmsLRiVgRiV[ P[zqs sxmns\sVy....A\|ms lLiLi][
WT d M sP[s[
LiRs[ LRiVgRisVs xmsxmsLiR
yLizmsRVsztsQms[ LRiR
BsLig`i= @j*dRVLigS 17s aRPRNRPLi][ V[ zmsRVV RsV
LSLiyRV.lLiLi][ BsLig`i=[ FysgS
P[LRiVrysVs BLiTRW P[zqss
Ays @sVNRPVysVs..ysNTP RgjisV szmss @LiRLSdRV @N`P
sVVNRPVLi` \|qsRLi @LRiaRPRNRPLi][ @LjiLiyRs xqssW LRixqsLjiLiLij. ZNP[LRi
N][{ FyRV.N][{NTP xqs\lLis xmsLkiORPQ FsRVLRiV \|N][LRiV A[aS s[xmsRLi[
NS[RVxmsxqsVR LRiR V Lig`i, RsV \|qsRLi V[
Lig`i, {mnsLi`][ xmnsL`i|msN`PgS DLiRs
dxqsVN][ys ZNP[LiR NUPysVLi sV g][RV LRiR @N`P xqssWsV
gRiLigRiWd FyRV. gRiR lLiLiRV N][LSLRiV. ARVs zmss ysdsVR @LiRLSdRV xqssWNRPV szms P[zqsLij.
xqsLisR=LSVgS V gS ARVRVLiRs
@LiVV[ BLiRVNRPV @LiRLSdRV xqssW @LigkiNRPLjiLiR[RV. AzqsRW @N`P
NTPyV ByRV. @LiVV[ s[aS RV yLizmsRVsztsQms[ R LigSLRiV xmsRNRPLi @LiRVN][gS, ks s ysV
LRi` ARRLi sLigSs[ J xmsLkiORPQ @yRV.
A[s[VN`PgS xmsxmsLiR yLizmsRVsztsQmsNRPV @L>RiR F~LiRVyss N][LRiVNRPV
NRPVLi[ s[RXR*Li[ ATy @k ZNP[sLi xqssVLjiLis sxmss[ RV[zqsLij. xmssLiRVNRPV sLigSs[
sLiUqs ZNP[ xmsLjisVR\sVLiRs, A RLS*R
@sNSaRPLi LiRRLi[Rs, |qsORPQs xmsNTPRV xmspLjigS FyLRiRLRi+NRPLigS [Rs N][LRiV
FsNRPVsgS x[Li {qss[s[ AyLRiyRV. \|qsRLi @FyRVxmsTLij. @LiVV[ HGGFsmns sLiRs xmsNSLRiLi @
sLSNRPV BLiNS xqs\lLis xmsLkiORPQ FsRVLRiV NS[RV.
dxqsVN][sysNTP ds[Rs xqsxtsQLi P[xqsW DLij. AzqsRW @N`P=[ AsV LigSLRiV
xmsxqsVRLi bdPLiNRP V @LiR \sVsj xmsRNRPLi lgiy..@j HGGFsmns ryLiRL`i=NRPV @L>RiR sWL`iNSRs [ zmsLij.
NSRs ..ROTPQzmnsNS, A}qsRW,
BLigRiLi`[ AT lgisxmso[ xqsy [VRVLiRyRV.
Bs A}qsRW\|ms N][{ ZNP[sLi 46 xmsLRiVgRiVV P[RVRLi\|ms V+> >+& | $C
gRiLigRiWd sWRVRW J zqsLkiqs][ BLij xmsRVRVyRs
xms[sVyRV. dudjTH yf
F~ NRPU[ lLi[xmso
] sW` : gRiVLS` FyLRiWs LiVVLi= c RLig`i Td
(gRi }qsTRVLi, \|RLS`c LS 8 gRiLisVLi)
lLiLi][ sW`: VgRiV \s= c RVVzms WR
(gRi }qsTRVLi, \|RLS`c LS 9 gRiLisVLi)
sVVLi V[ ms lLiLiVVRL`i NSbPLig`i @[ 7 FyLiVVLiV
ryjLiRgS msT|mnsLiRL`i xqsVlLi[LiRL`i zqsLig`i 4 FyLiVVLiV Vy|m q M |qszqsRVs s xLilgiLki gSLi` zms FnyLRiV sslLi[qssV
lgiVRVNRPVyRV. AjyLRiLiyTNRPR Ljigjis lLi[qs[ @RRV Rs xmsRLRiV\|ms
@sWmsNRPVsWL`i 4 FyLiVVLiV @LijLiyRV. @[ xLSyNRPV
sNSa`P 6 FyLiVVLiV @LijLiRgS T|mnsLiRL`i xqsVlLi[LiRL`i yy 5 xmspLji AjxmsRLi xmsRLji+LiyRV. Bj LRidsNTP Lijs sNRPV {qss[ yVg][
FyLiVVLiV ryjLi|msRV. sRVLi. Rs xqsxRLRiVRV NTPsV LSVN][sssV 0.9 |qsNRPLiR[ @jgRisVLi
s[RgS syRV.
\s=NRPV sVd JsV
VgRiV \s= sLRiVxqsgS lLiLi][ xmsLSRWs @LiRVNRPVLi
s A V 10 FyLiVVLi [y][ JsVs sVW gRiV NRPVLij.
gRiV[s sRWs ryjLiLij. {qss[ Bj yLji ] lgiVxmso.
@RRV sVVRLi 5 lLiLiVV` FyLiVVLiV ryjLiyRV. \s=NRPV ZNP[
Lij.NTP FyLiVVLi[ LigRiLRiV Rs AjNRP RsV xmsRLji+Li
sWLRiLi sVVgji}qsxqsLjiNTP \|RLS` 10c15 [y][ ssVNRPTF
LiVVLij.\s ZNP|mss LSx 4 FyLiVVL [ ryjLiyRV.