Maths question-2ndDispatch-DLPD-IIT-JEE-Class-XII-English-PC-Maths PDF

CONTENT
MATHEMATICS
CLASS : XII
Preface Page No.
1. Functions
Exercise 01 - 28
2. Limits
Exercise 29 - 53
3. Continuity and derivability

Exercise 54 - 78
4. Method of differentiation
Exercise 79 - 100
5. Application of derivatives
Exercise 101 - 126
6. Solution of triangle
Exercise 127 - 149
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FUNCTIONS
EXERCISE # 1
PART - I
Section (A) :
x 3 5x 3
A3. (i) f(x) =
x2 1
x 3 5x 3
f(x) =
( x 1)( x 1)
Division by zero is undefined x1
Domain x R {1, 1} x (, 1) (1, 1) (1, )
sin1 x
(ii) f(x) =
x
For sin1x, x [1, 1]
and division by zero is undefined x 0 Domain x [1, 0) (0, 1]
1
(iii) f(x) =
x | x |
for function to be defined x + |x| > 0 for x > 0, x + |x| = 2x > 0
for x 0, x + |x| = 0 Domain is x (0, )
(iv) f(x) = ex + sin x
Domain x R as there is no restriction for exponent of e.
1
(v) f(x) = log (1 x ) + x2
10
1 x > 0 and x + 2 0 and 1x1
x ( , 1) {0} and x 2 x [2, 0) (0, 1)
3x 1
(vi) f(x) = 1 2x + 3 sin 2
1
3x 1 1 1
1 2x 0 and 1 1 x and x1
2 2 3
Taking intersection
1 1 x
Domain x , 1/2 1
3 2 1/3
1 1
(vii) f(x) = 2 sin x

x2
1 x 1 and x > 2 x
1
(viii) f(x) = logx log 2 x 1/ 2

In case of composite function in log.
We start with outer log.
1 1
x > 0, x 1 and 1 >1 x (0, 1) (1, ) and 0 < x <1
x 2
2
1 3
x (0, ) {1} and <x<
2 2 x
0 1/2 1 3/2
RESONANCE S OLUTIONS (XII) # 1
Taking intersection
1 3
x , 1 1,
2 2
A6. (i) f(x) = 3 sin x + 4 cos x + 5

3 2 4 2 3 sin x + 4 cos x 3 2 4 2
5 3 sin x + 4 cos x 5 0 3 sin x + 4 cos x + 5 10
Range y [0, 10]
1
(ii) f(x) =
1 x
> x 0 >1+ x 1
1
0< 1 Range y (0, 1]
1 x
(iii) f(x) = n (sin1x)
Domain sin1 x > 0 x (0, 1]

Range 0 < sin1 x
2

< n (sin1x) n
2
Inequality doesn't change as n is increasing function
(iv) f(x) = 2 3x 5x2
Domain x R
Method 1 D/4a
y = 5x2 3x + 2 2
opening downward parabola
0
D
Range y ,
4a
49
y ,
20
Method 2
5x2 + 3x + (y 2) = 0
49
D0 9 20 (y 2) 0 20y 49 0 y
20
(v) f(x) = 3 |sin x| 4|cos x|
f(x) is a periodic function with period . So analysis is limited in [0, ]

fmax = 3.1 4.0 = + 3 at x = , |sin x| = 1, |cos x| = 0
2
fmin = 3.0 4.1 = 1 at x = 0, |sin x| = 0, |cos x| = 1 Range y [4, 3]
sin x cos x
(vi) f(x) = +
2
1 tan x 1 cot 2 x
f(x) = sin x |cos x| + cos x |sin x|
periodic period = 2

sin 2x , x 0,
2

0 , x ,
f(x) = 2
sin 2x
, x ,
2
3
0 , x , 2
2
Range y [1, 1]

Section (B) :
B1. (i) f(x) = 2
x 2 and g(x) = ( x )
Domain x R, Domain x [0, )
non-identical functions
(ii) f(x) = sec(sec 1x) and g(x) = cosec (cosec 1x)
Domain x (, 1] [1, ), Domain x (, 1] [1, )
f(x) = x g(x) = x
Identical functions
1 cos x
(iii) f(x) = and g(x) = cos x
2
f(x) = |cos x|
non-identical function
(iv) f(x) = x and g(x) = enx, Domain x R+
Domain x R
non-identical function
B5. (i) f(x) = ex and g(x) = n x
fog(x) = en x = x, x > 0
gof(x) = n ex = x, x R
(ii) f(x) = |x| and g(x) = sin x
fog(x) = f(sin x) = |sin x|
gof (x) = g(|x|) = sin |x|
(iii) f(x) = sin1x and g(x) = x2
fog(x) = sin1(g(x)) = sin1x2
gof(x) = (f2(x)) = (sin1x)2
x
(iv) f(x) = x2 + 2, g(x) =
x 1
x2 3x 2 4x 2
fog(x) = g2(x) + 2 = +2=
( x 1)2 ( x 1)2
f (x) x2 2
gof(x) = = 2
f (x) 1 x 1
1 x 2 , x 1
B6. f(x) =
1 x , 1 x 2
g(x) = 1 x, 2 x 1
1 g2 , g( x ) 1 x [0,1]
fog(x) =
1 g( x ) , 1 g( x ) 2 x [1,0)
1 (1 x )2 , x [0,1] 2 2x x 2 , x [0,1]
fog (x) = fog (x) =
1 (1 x ) , x [1, 0) 2 x , x [1, 0)
Section (C) :
C1. (i) y = |(x + 2) (x + 3)|
many - one function
(ii) y = |nx|
many - one function

(iii) f(x) =sin 4x, x ,
8 8

period =
2
one-one function
1 1
(iv) f(x) = x + , x (0, )
x x
many one function
1
1
(v) f(x) =
1 e x
1
1 1
e x .
x2 0
f = increasing function
1
1
2 1 e x
Hence one - one
3x 2
(vi) f(x) = cos( x ) even function
4
Hence many - one

(vii) f(x) = sin1 x cos1 x = 2 sin1 x monotonically increasing.
2
C5. (i) f(x) = sin (x2 +1) f( x) = f (x) = even function

(ii) f(x) = x + x2 f( x) = x2 x f (x) or f(x) Neither even nor odd function
(iii) f(x) = x x3 f(x) = x + x3 = f(x) odd function
a x 1 ax 1

(iv) f(x) = x x f(x) = x x
a 1 a 1
a x 1
= f(x) even function
f(x) = x x
a 1
(v) f(x) = log (x + x2 1 ) f(x) = log (x + x2 1 )

2 2
f(x) + f( x) = log ( x x 1)( x x 1) = log [(x2 + 1) x2] = 0 hence odd function

(vi) f(x) = sin x + cos x f( x) = sin x + cos x f(x) or f(x)
Neither even nor odd.
(vii) f(x) = (x2 1) |x| f(x) = f(x) even function.
| tan(tan 1 x ) | x

(viii) f(x) = 2 x [ 2 x ] 1 x 1
sec(sec 1 x ) x

| x | x x x

x x
x0 x0
f(x) = 3 0 x 1
f(x) = 3 0 x 1

x x x x
x 2 sin x , 1 x 0
C6. (i) even extension of f(x) = f(x) =
x e x , x 1
x 2 sin x , 1 x 0
(ii) odd extension of f(x) = f( x) =
x e x , x 1
Section (D) :
D2. (i) f(x) = 2 + 3 cos (x 2) fundamental period = 2

2
(ii) f(x) = sin 3x + cos2 x + |tan x| period , ,
3
2
period of f(x) = L.C.M. , , = 2 for fundamental period
3
f(x + ) = sin x + cos2 x + |tan x| f(x) fundament period = 2
x x
(iii) f(x) = sin + sin
4 3
period 8, 6
period of f(x) = L.C.M. (8, 6) = 24
fundamental period = 24
3x sin 2x 10
(iv) f(x) = cos period ,7
5 7 3
10
period of f(x) = L.C.M. , 7 = 70 Fundament period = 70
3
2
(v) f(x) = [sin 3x] |cos 6x| period
3 3
2 2 2
period of f(x) = L.C.M. , = Fundamental period =
3 3 3 3
1
(vi) f(x)= fundamental period = 2
1 cos x
sin12x
(vii) f(x) = 2 period of f(x) = L.C.M. , =
1 cos 6 x 6 3 3
for fundamental period

sin12 x
6
fx = = f(x) Fundament period =
6 6
1 cos 2 6 x
6
(viii) f(x) = sec3 x + cosec3 x period 2 2
Fundamental period = L.C.M. (2, 2) = 2
Section (E) :
E1. (i) f:DR
f(x) = 1 2x f (x) = 2 x n2 > 0 increasing function one one function
D : [x R), Range : (, 1) codomain
function is not bijective f 1 does not exist

(ii) f(x) = (4 (x 7)3)1/5
1
f (x) = (4 (x 7)3) 4/5 . ( 3 (x 7)2) 0 decreasing function one one function
5
Lim f ( x )
x
Lim f ( x )
x
D:R Range : R = codomain onto function
function is bijective (invertible)
y = (4 (x 7)3)1/5
4 y5 = (x 7)3
x = 7 + (4 y5)1/3 or f 1(x) = 7 + (4 x 5)1/3
(iii) f(x) = n x 1 x 2

D : x R, Range : R
e y ey
y = n x 1 x 2 or x=
2
e x e x
f 1 (x) =
2
1 1
E5. f(x) . f = f(x) + f f(x) = 1 xn
x x
f(3) = 26 f(x) = 1 x3
f(x) = 3x2 or f(1) = 3
E6. f(x + y) = f(x) . f(y) and f(1) = 2

10
f (n) = f(1) + f(2) + ........... + f(10)

n 1
210 1

= 21 + 22 + 23 + ....... + 210 = 2 2 1 = 2046

PART - II
Section (A) :
A2. For domain log0.3(x 1) 0 and x2 + 2x + 8 > 0

log0.3(x 1) 0 and (x + 1)2 + 7 > 0
(x 1) 1 and xR
x2
Taking intersection x [2, )
A3. f(x) = cot1 x( x 3 ) + cos 1 x 2 3x 1
for domain
x(x + 3) 0 and 0 x 2 + 3x + 1 1
x (, 3] [0, ) and x 2 + 3x + 1 0 and x 2 + 3x 0 x [3, 0]
Taking intersection
x {3, 0}

A5. f(x) = 4x + 2x + 1
Let 2x = t > 0, x R f(x) = g(t) = t2 + t + 1, t>0
2
1 3
g(t) = t +
2 4
2 2
1 1 1 1 1 3
t > t > t + >1 Range is (1, )
2 2 2 4 2 4
Section (B) :
1
B2.* (A) f(x) = en(sec x ) = sec1x, x (, 1] (1, )
g(x) = sec x, x (, 1] [1, )
1
non-identical functions
(B) f(x) = tan (tan1 x) = x, x R g(x) = cot (cot1 x) = x, x R
identical functions
1 x 0 1 x 0

(C) f(x) = sgn (x) = 0 x 0 g(x) = sgn(sgn x) = 0 x 0
1 x 0 1 x 0

Identical functions
(D) f(x) = cot2 x . cos2 x, x R {n }, n I

g(x) = cot2 x cos2 x
= cot2 x (1 sin2 x) = cot2 x. cos2 x x R {n }, n I
Identical functions
B4. Domain of f(g(x))

Range of g(x) Domain of f(x)
5 |2x + 5| 7 0 |2x + 5| 7 7 2x + 5 7
12 2x 2 6x1
1 x
B6.* f(x) = , 0x1 g(x) = 4x (1 x),0 x 1
1 x
1 g( x ) 1 4 x(1 x ) 1 4 x 4x 2
fog(x) = = =
1 g( x ) 1 4 x(1 x ) 1 4x 4x 2
1 x 1 x 8 x(1 x )
gof(x) = 4f(x) . (1 f(x)) = 4 1 x 1 1 x =
(1 x )2
Section (C) :
C2. One One / Many One

2x 2 x 5
f(x) = , Domain x R
7 x 2 2x 10
( 4x 1)(7 x 2 2x 10) (14 x 2)(2x 2 x 5)

f(x) =
(7 x 2 2x 10)2
11x 2 30x 20 30
f(x) = 2 2 > 0 x ( , 0) ,
(7 x 2x 10) 11
30
f (x) < 0 x 0,
11
30
f(x) = 0 x = 0,
11
Function is increasing and decreasing in different intervals, so non monotonic
Many one function.
Onto / Into
2x 2 x 5
f(x) =
7 x 2 2x 10
2x 2 x + 5 > 0, x R and 7x 2 + 2x + 10 > 0 x R
a = 2 > 0 and a = 7 and D = 4 280 < 0
D = 1 40 = 39 < 0
f(x) > 0 x R
Also f(x) never tends to as 7x 2 + 2x + 10 has no real roots, Range Codomain so into function.
C3. f(x) = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + sin x, xR

f(x) = 3x 2 + 2x + 3 + cos x
32
3x 2 + 2x + 3 as a = 3 > 0 and D < 0
12
1 cos x 1 so f(x) > 0 x R
lim f(x) = + lim f(x) =
x x
Hence f(x) is one-one and onto function (as f(x) is continuous function)
C6. f(g(x1)) = f(g(x2)) g(x1) = g(x2)

as f is one - one function x1 = x2 as g is one - one function
hence f(g(x1)) = f(g(x2))
x1 = x2 f(g(x)) is one - one function
Section (D) :
2
D2. f(x) = sin [a] x . Period =
[ a]
=
[a] = 4 a [4, 5)
D3. f(x) = x + a [x + b] + sin x + cos 2x + sin (3x) + cos (4x) + ........ + sin (2n 1) + cos (2px)
f(x) = {x + b} + a b + sin (x) + cos (2x) + sin (3x) + cos (4x) + .... + sin (2n 1) + cos (2nx)
2 2 2 2
Period of f(x) = L.C.M (1, 2, , , ........., , )=2
3 4 2n 1 2n
period of f(x) = 2
since f(1 + x) f(x) , hence fundamental period is 2
D7.* (A) f(x) = cos (cos1 x)

= x, x [1, 1] odd function
(B) f (x + ) = cos (sin (x +)) + cos (cos (x + ))
f (x + ) = cos (sin x) + cos (cos x) = f(x)

f x = cos sin x + cos cos x
2 2 2
= cos (cos x) + cos (sin x) = f(x)

fundamental period =
2
(C) f(x) = cos (3 sin x), x [1, 1]
3 sin1 3 sin x 3 sin 1
cos (3 sin 1) cos (3 sin x) 1 Range is [cos (3 sin1), 1]
Section (E) :
y ex ex
E1. = x
1 e e x
By compnendo and dividendo
1 y 2e x 1 y 1 x
1 y = x = n 1 y f1(x) = n
2 1 x
E7. f(1) = 1 = 2 1
f(n + 1) = 2f(n) + 1 f(2) = 2f(1) + 1 = 2. 1 + 1 = 3 = 22 1
f(3) = 7 = 23 1
f(4) = 15 = 24 1
Similarly f(n) = 2n 1
E8. Method 1 : (usual but lengthy)

x2 f(x) + f(1 x) = 2x x4 .....(1)
replace x by (1 x) in equation (1)
(1 x)2 f(1 x)+ f(x) = 2 (1 x) (1 x)4 .....(2)
eliminate f(1 x) by equation (1) and (2)
we get
f(x) = 1 x2
Method 2 :
Since R.H.S. is polynomial of 4th degree and also by options consider f(x) = ax2 + bx + c
x2 f(x) + f(1 x) = 2x x4
x 2 (ax2 + bx + c) + a (1 x)2 + b (1 x) + c = 2x x4
by comparing coefficients
a=1
b=0
c=1
f(x) = x2 + 1
EXERCISE # 2
PART - I
1. (i) f(x) = 3 2 x 2 .2 x
3 2x 2 .2x 0 or (2x)2 3.2x + 2 0
or (2x 1) (2x 2) 0 2x [1, 2]
x [0, 1]
(ii) f(x) = 1 1 x2
1 1 x 2 0 1 x 2 1 0 1 x2 1 x [ 1, 1]
(iii) f(x) = (x2 + x + 1)3/2
D:xR
x2 1 x
(iv) f(x) = +
x2 1 x
x2 1 x
0 and 0
x2 1 x
x ( , 2) [2, ) and x (1, 1]
D:
(v) f(x) = tan x tan 2 x

tan x tan2x 0 or 0 tan x 1 or x n , n 4
n
1
x
(vi) f(x) = 2 sin x sin 0 or x 2n
2 2
5x x 2
(vii) f(x) = log1 / 4
4

5x x 2
1 and 5x x2 > 0 or x (0, 1] [4, 5)
4
(viii) f(x) = log10 (1 log10(x2 5x + 16))
1 log10 (x2 5x + 16) > 0 or x2 5x + 6 < 0
or x (2, 3)
2. (i) f(x) = 1 |x 2|
|x 2| [0, ) f(x) ( , 1]
1
(ii) f(x) =
x5
D : x (5, )
R : f(x) (0, )
1
(iii) f(x) =
2 cos 3 x
1
range of cos 3x is [1, 1] cos 3x [1, 1] f(x) , 1
3
x2
(iv) f(x) = 2 =y
x 8x 4
x + 2 = yx2 8yx 4y or yx2 x (8y + 1) (4y + 2) = 0
for x to be real D 0
(8y + 1)2 + 4y (4y + 2) 0
64y2 + 16y + 1 + 16y2 + 8y 0
1 1
80y2 + 24y + 1 0 or y , ,
4 20
x 2 2x 4
(v) f(x) = =y
x 2 2x 4
x2 2x + 4 = yx2 + 2xy + 4y
x2 (1 y) 2x(1 + y) + 4(1 y) = 0
D0
1
4(1 + y)2 16(1 y)2 0 or y , 3
3
2
(vi) f(x) = 3 sin x2 D : x ,
16 4 4
2 3
x 2 0 , f(x) 0 ,
16 4 2
(vii) f(x) = x3 2x2 + 5 = (x2 1)2 + 4
R : [4, )
(viii) f(x) = x3 12x , x [3, 1] = x (x2 12)
f(x) = 3x2 12 = 0 or x=2 R : [11, 16]
(ix) f(x) = sin2x + cos4x
= sin2x + 1 + sin4x 2 sin2x
= sin 4x sin2x + 1
2 1 3 3
= sin x + R : , 1 .
2 4 4
(2 x 1)7
7. (i) f(x) =
(2 x )6
neither even non add
sec x x 2 9
(ii) f(x) = = f(x) even
x sin x
(iii) f(x) = f(x) odd

x2 x 1

(iv) f(x) = 2 [ x ] [ x ] 1 x 1 , even by graph of function
2
x x 1

2x(sin x tan x )
(v) f(x) =
x
2 1

if x = n, f(n) = 0
x x
if x n = 1

f(x) = f(x)
odd function
sin2 x cos2 x
8. (i) f(x) = 1
1 cot x 1 tan x
period of f(x) = L.C.M. (, ) =
For fundamental period
cos2 x sin2 x
fx = 1 f(x)
2 1 tan x 1 cot x
fundamental period =

(ii) f(x) = tan [ x ] : [x] 2n + 1
2
f (x) = 0
By graph fundamental period = 2
(iii) f(x) = log (2 + cos 3x)
fundamental period of f(x) = fundamental period of (2 + cos 3x)
(as log is a monotonic function)
(iv) f(x) = en sin x + tan3x cos (3x 5)
f(x) = sin x + tan3x cos (3x 5), sin x > 0
2
period 2 ; ,
3
2
Period of f(x) = L.C.M. 2 , , = 2
3
x x x x x x x
(v) f(x) = sin x sin 2 sin 4 .... sin n 1 tan tan 3 tan 5 ... tan n
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Period of f(x) = L.C.M. of 2, 23 , 25 ,......2n , 2, 23 .....2n

= 2 n
sin x sin 3 x
(vi) f(x) =
cos x cos 3 x
2 2
period of f(x) = L.C.M. 2. , 2, = 2
3 3
For fundamental period
sin ( x ) sin(3 x 3 ) sin x sin 3 x
f(x + ) = = Fundamental period =
cos( x ) cos(3 x 3) cos x cos 3 x
1 x
11. f(x) = f(x) = 0 at x = 1 2
1 x2

for x 2 1, 1 2 f is bijective function hence f is invertible.
1 x
=y
1 x2
or x2y + x + (y 1) = 0
1 1 4 y( y 1) 1 4y 4 y 2 1
or x= =
2y 2y
1 4x 4x 2 1
, x0
f1(x) = 2x

1 , x0 as f (1) 0
13. f (a k ) = 16 (2
k 1
n
1)
or f(a + 1) + f(a + 2) + ......... + f(a + n) = 16 (2n 1)

f(x + y) = f(x) . f(y)
f(0) = 1, f(1) = 2
or f(x) = 2x
Now f(a + 1) + f(a + 2) + ........ + f(a + n)
= 2a [2 + 4 + ......... + 2n] = 2a . 2(2n 1)
or 16 = 2a + 1 or a=3
15. (i) f(x) = Ax2 + Bx + C

x and f(x)
at x = 0, f(0) = C C is integer
at x = 1, f(1) = A + B + C
C is integer A + B is also integer
at x = 1, f(1) = A B + C
f(1) + f(1) = 2A + 2C C is integer
2A is also integer
(ii) f(x) = A x(x 1) + (A + B) x + C
x( x 1)
f(x) = 2A + (A + B)x + C
2
x( x 1)
If x is an integer then is also an integer and 2A, (A+ B), C
2
f(x) is also an integer.
PART - II
1
2. f(x) =
x 1 cos 1 (2 x 1) tan 3 x
here 1 2x + 1 < 1 2 2x < 0 1x<0

x [1, 0)
But x 1 as |x| 1 0
x (1, 0)
for x (1, 0), (|x| 1) is ve
tan 3x < 0

0 > 3x > or x , 0
2 6

Domain : , 0 (1, 0) , 0
6 6

1 x3
3.

f(x) = sin 3 / 2 + sin(sin x ) + log(3{x} + 1) (x 2 + 1)
1
2x
Domain : 3{x} + 1 1 or 0 x
1 x 3
and 1 1
2x 3 / 2
2x 3/2 1 + x 3 2x 3/2
1 + x 3 + 2x 3/2 0
(1 + x 3/2)2 0 xR
1 + x 3 2x 3/2 0 or (1 x 3/2)2 0
3/2
or 1x =0 or x=1
Hence domain x
6. f(x) = (sin1x + cos 1x)3 3 sin1x cos 1x (sin1x + cos 1x)
3 1 3 3 2
= 3 sin1x cos x = sin1 x + 3 (sin1x)2
8 2 2 8 4 2
2
3 3 1 2 1 2 3 3 3 3 1
= + (sin x ) sin x = + sin x
8 2 2 16 32 32 2 4
3 3 9 3 7 3
maximum value of f(x) at x = 1 f maximum = + =
32 2 16 8
8. Here (2 log2 (16 sin2x + 1) > 0

3
0 < 16 sin2x + 1 < 4 0 sin2x <
16
1 16 sin2x + 1 4 0 log2 (16 sin2x + 1) < 2
2
2 2 log2 (16 sin x + 1) > 0 log 2
2 log 2
(2 log2 (16 sin2x + 1)) >
2y>
Hence range is y ( 2]
11. (A) f(x) = e1/2 n x = x, D:x>0
g(x) = x,D:x0

(B) tan1 (tan x) = x D : x (2n +1)
2
cot1 (cot x) = x D : x n
(C) f(x) = cos 2x + sin4x = cos 2x + (1 cos 2x)2 = 1 cos 2x + cos 4x = sin2x + cos 4x
g(x) = sin2x + cos 4x
|x|
(D) f(x) = , D:x0
x
g(x) = sgn (x), D : x R
12. f(6{x}2 5{x} + 1) f((3{x} 1) (2 {x} 1))

1 1 1 1
(3{x} 1) (2{x} 1) 0 or {x} , x n 3 , n 2
3 2
n

13. f(x) = cot1x R+ 0 ,
2
g(x) = 2x x2 R R
f(g(x)) = cot1 (2x x2), where x (0, 1]

hence f(g(x)) ,
4 2

1 1 2 1
20. f x = x + x + [x + 1] 3 x + 15
3 3 3 3
1 2
= x + x + [x] 3x + 15 = f(x) fundamental period is 1/3
3 3
21. f(x) = |x 1| f : R+ R
g(x) = e ,x g : [1, ) R
fog(x) = f[g(x)] = |ex 1|
D : [1, )
R : [0, )
sin( [ x ])
25. f(x) = =0,x
{ x}
(A) By graph fundamental period is one
(B) f(x) = 0 = f(x) even function
(C) Range y {0}
{ x }
(D) y = sgn sgn 1, x
{ x }

y = sgn (1) 1 y=11
y = 0, x Identical to f(x)
28. f(x) = sin x + tan x + sgn (x2 6x + 10)

f(x) = sinx + tan x + sgn ((x 3)2 +1)
f(x) = sin x + tan x + 1
period = L.C.M. (2, ) = 2
fundamental period = 2
29. f:NI
n 1
, n odd
f(n) = 2
n
, n even
2
For n odd numbers
f(n) 0, 1, 2, 3, ......
For n even numbers
f(n) 1, 2, 3, ...... f(n) is one -one
range I onto function.
EXERCISE # 3

2. (A) sin1 x + cos1 x = 2 x [0, 1]
2
(B) sin1 x + cos1 1 x = 0

cos1 1 x 2 = sin1(x) x [1, 0]
1 x2

(C) g 2 = 2h(x)
1 x
1 x2

cos 1
1 x 2 = 2 tan x
1
x [0, )

1 x 1 x
(D) h(x) + h (1) = h tan1 x + tan1= tan1
1 x 1 x
x (, 1)
Comprehension # 2 (6, 7, 8)
x
tan
4
Period of e is 4
(1 2 [ x])
cos 2
=0 xR

[x]
Period of sin 2 is 4 Period of f(x) is 4

p=4 then y = 8 2[ x ] [ x ] 2 [x]2 + 2 [x] + 8 0

[x]2 2[x] 8 0 i.e., ([x] 4) ([x] + 2) 0
2 [x] 4 2 x<5
q=2 , r=5
rq1=5+21=6
x 2 , x0
f2 (x) =
2 x , x0
2 f2 (x) , f2 (x) 0
f2 (f2 (x)) = 2 f ( x ), f2 (x) 0
2
2 x 2 , x 2 0, x0

2 ( x 2) , x 2 0, x0

= 2 2 x , 2 x 0, x0
2 (2 x) , 2 x 0, x0
4 x , x0
=
4 x , x0
Range of f2 (f2 (x)) is [4, ) (4 , ) = [4 , ) = [p , )
11. f : [0, 3] [0, 13]

y = f(x) = x2 + x + 1
1 1 4(1 y )
x=
2
1 4y 3
x=
2
1 4x 3
f1(x) = as f1 [1, 13] [0, 3]
2
Hence option B is correct

14. f(x + 4) = sin [ x 4]
2

= sin [ x ] 2 = sin [ x ] = f(x)
2 2
2x 2 x 1
17. f(x) =
(7 x 2 4 x 4)
x 2 2x
f(x) = f(x) is not monotonic
(7 x 2 4 x 4 ) 2
f(x) is many one.

22. 1<2<3
f(1) f(2) f(3)
f (1) f (2) f (3 ) No. of maps f (1) f (2) f (3 ) Q y uksad h la[;k

1 1 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 5 1 1 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 5
2 2, 3,4,5 4 2 2, 3,4,5 4
3 3,4,5 3 3 3,4,5 3
4 4,5 2 4 4,5 2
5 5 1 5 5 1
2 2 2, 3, 4, 5 4 2 2 2, 3, 4, 5 4
3 3,4,5 3 3 3,4,5 3
4 4,5 2 4 4,5 2
5 5 1 5 5 1
3 3,4,5 3 3 3,4,5 3
3 3
4,5 2 4,5 2
4 4
5 1 5 1
5 5
4 4 4,5 2 4 4 4,5 2
5 5 1 5 5 1
5 5 5 1 5 5 5 1
4
24. f(x) = e cos x { x } cos(x )
Since ex is a monotonic function fundamental period = L.C.M. (1, 1, 2) = 2
EXERCISE # 4
PART - I
1. f : [0, ) [0, )
x
f(x) =
1 x
x1 x2
1 x1 = 1 x 2 x 1 = x 2 only
for given domain

f(x) < 1 function is into
x2 x 2
2. y= ,xR x 2 (y 1) + x(y 1) + (y 2) = 0
x2 x 1
D0 (y 1)2 4(y 1) (y 2) 0
7
(y 1) (3y 7) 0 1y
3
but for y = 1 quadratic vanishes so
x2 x 2
put y = 1 1= 1=2 not possible
x2 x 1

No real values of x. y = 1 is not in the range

3. y= sin 1 2 x
6

For domain sin1 2x + 0 sin1 2x
6 6 2
1 1 1
2x 1 x
2 4 2
4. g(f(x)) = (sin x + cos x)2 1

= 1 + sin 2x 1 = sin 2x 2x
2 2

gof(x) is invertible in ,
4 4
x, x Q
5. y = (f g) (x) = Which is one-one and onto function
x, x Q
6. For option A
f 1 (f(A)) = A A A Hence A is wrong
For option B
f(X) = Y f is onto but it will not effect on mapping of function
Hence B is wrong
For option A & B other explaination can be given else if Y is a singleton set then the function f is constant
function and hence is trivially onto (unless X = ). But in such a case, even if A consists of just one point,
f(A) is entire set Y and so f 1 (f(A)) is the entire set X, which could be much bigger than A. So A and B are
wrong even if f(X) = Y
For option C
f(X) Y (range co-domain)
f(X) is a proper subset of Y (so that f is not onto), then for B = Y option C is wrong because f 1(Y) = X but
f(f1(Y)) = f(X) Y.
For option D
If B = Y, then f(f 1(Y)) is the range of the function f. If this is equal to Y, then function must be onto, thus f(X)
= Y is necessary condition
Hence D is correct
7. A = {x |x2 + 20 9x} = {x |x [4, 5]}
Now, f(x) = 6(x2 5x + 6)
f(x) = 0 x = 2, 3
f(2) = 20, f(3) = 21, f(4) = 16, f(5) = 7
from graph, maximum of f(x) on set A is f(5) = 7
8. g(f(x)) = x
g(f(x)) f(x) = 1 ........(i)
if f(x) = 1 x = 0, f(0) = 1
substitute x = 0 in (i), we get
1 1 x/2 1
g(1) = g(1) = 2 (f(x) = 3x2 + e f(0) = )
f (0) 2 2
9. f(x) = x2 ; g (x) = sin x

gof (x) = sin x2 gogof (x) = sin (sin x2)
(fogogof) (x) = (sin (sin x2 ))2 = sin2 (sin x2)
Now sin2 (sin x2) = sin (sin x2) sin (sin x2) = 0, 1

sin x2 = n, (4n+1) ; I sin x2 = 0
2
x2 = n x = n ; n W
10. F : [0, 3] [1, 29]

f(x) = 2x3 15x2 + 36 x + 1
f(x) = 6x2 30 x + 36
= 6(x2 5x + 6)
= 6(x 2) (x 3)
in given domain function has local maxima, it is many-one
Now at x = 0 f(0) = 1
x = 2 f(2) = 16 60 + 72 + 1 = 29
x = 3 f(3) = 54 135 + 108 + 1
= 163 135 = 28
Has range = [1, 29]
Hence given function is onto
1 1 2 2
11. cos4 = 2cos22 1 = cos22 = cos2 =
3 3 3 3
2 1 cos 2 1
Now f(cos4) = = =1+
2 sec 2 cos 2 cos 2
1 3
f = 1
3 2
NOTE : Since a functional mapping can't have two images for pre-image 1/3, so this is ambiguity in this
question perhaps the answer can be A or B or AB or marks to all.
PART - II
1. We have f : N
If x and y are two even natural numbers then
x y
f(x) = f(y) = x=y
2 2
Again if x and y are two odd natural numbers then
x 1 y 1
f(x) = f(y) = x=y f is one-one
2 2
Also each ve integer is an image of even natural number and each +ve integer is an image of odd natural
number. f is onto.

2. f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y)
function should be y = mx
f(1) = 7 m = 7 f(x) = 7x
n n
f (r ) = 7 7n (n 1)

r 1
r
r 1
=
2
.
3. 4 x2 0 , x3 x > 0
x 2 and 1 < x < 0 or 1 < x <
D = (1, 0) (1, ) {2}
or D = (1, 0) (1, 2) (2, ).
2
4. f(x) = log x x 1

x 2 x 2 1
2
f(x) = log x x 1 = log 2
x x 1
2
= log x x 1 = f(x) f(x) is an odd function.

5. We know that a 2 b 2 a sin + b cos a2 b2

2 sin x 3 cosx 2 1 sin x 3 cosx + 1 3
f(x) [1, 3].
6. Let us consider a graph symmetric w.r.t. line x = 2 as shown in figure
from figure f(x1) = f(x2)

where x1 = 2 x & x2 = 2 + x
f(2 x) = f(2 + x)
sin 1( x 3 )
7. f(x) = is defined if
9 x2
1 x 3 1 2x4 ...(1)
& 9 x2 > 0 3 < x < 3 ...(2)
Hence from (1) & (2)
we get 2 x < 3
Domain = [2, 3).
7x
8. Px 3 is defined if
7 x 0, x30 and 7xx3
3 x 5 and x x = 3, 4, 5
7 3
f(3) = P3 3 = 4 P0 = 1
74
f(4) = P4 3 = 3 P1 = 3
7 5
P5 3 = 2 P2 = 2
f(5) =
Hence range = {1, 2, 3}.

2x
9. f(x) = tan1 = 2 tan1 x for x (1, 1)
1 x2

If x (1, 1) tan1 x ,
4 4

2 tan1 x ,
2 2

Clearly, range of f(x) = ,
2 2

for f to be onto, co-domain = range Codomain of function = B = , .
2 2
10. f(2a x) = f(a (x a)) = f(1) f(x a) f(a a) f(a + x a)
= f(1) f(x a) f(0) f(x)
= f(x) [ x = 0, y = 0, f(0) = f 2(0) f 2(1) f 2(1) = 0 f(1) = 0]
f(2a x) = f(x).
x
11. f(x) is defined if 1 1 1 and cos x > 0
2
x
or 0 2 and < x < or 0 x 4 and <x< x 0, .
2 2 2 2 2 2
y 3 y 3
12. y = 4x + 3 x= f 1 (y) = g(y) = .
4 4
1
13. f(x) =
| x | x
|x|x>0
|x|>x x< 0 x ( , 0) Ans.
14. f(x) = (x 1)2 + 1, x 1

f : [1, ) [1, ) is a bijective function y = (x 1)2 + 1 (x 1)2 = y 1
x=1 y 1 f 1(y) = 1 y 1
f 1(x) = 1 + x 1 { x 1}
so statement-2 is correct
Now f(x) = f 1(x) f(x) = x (x 1)2 + 1 = x
x2 3x + 2 = 0 x = 1, 2
so statement-1 is correct
ADVANCE LEVEL PROBLEM

PART-I
2x 1
1. f(x) = log x 4 log
2 3 x
2
2x 1
For domain : log x 4 log2 0
3x
2
Case-I
x4
0< <1 4<x<2 ..........A
2

2x 1
then log x 4 log 2 0
3x
2
2x 1 2x 1
log2 1 2 x < 3 ..........B
3x 3x
on A B x (4, 3) ..........(i)
x4
Case-II >1 or x > 2 ..........A
2
2x 1 2x 1 2x 1
log x 4 log 2 0 0 < log2 1 1< 2
3x 3x 3x
2
x (4, ) ..........(ii) (i) (ii) Domain x ( 4, 3) (4, )
2. f(x) = (x 12 x 9 + x 4 x + 1)1/2
Dr : x 12 x 9 + x 4 x + 1 > 0
For x 0 it is obvious that for f(x) to be defined Dr > 0.
For x 1, (x 12 x 9) + (x 4 x) + 1 is positive
Since x 12 x 9, x 4 x.
For 0 < x < 1, Dr = x 12 + (x 4 x 9) + (1 x) > 0
Since x 4 > x 9, x < 1.
Hence Dr > 0 for all x R
Domain is x R
e x e |x|
3. f(x) =
e x e | x|
e x e x 1 1 1
1
1
; f(x) 0, 1

if x 0, f(x) = = x 2 = 2 ........(i)
2e x 2 2(e ) 2

(e x )2

1
f(x) 0,
2
ex ex 1
if x < 0, f(x) = x x =0 .........(ii) range of f(x) is (i) (ii) = 0,
e e 2
4. f(a) = 2a 2 a for domain of f(x)
1
2a2 a 0 a(2a 1) 0 a (, 0] ,
2
Let g(x) x 2 + (a + 1)x + (a 1) = 0
(i) D0
(a + 1)2 4(a 1) 0 aR ...(i)
B (a 1)
(ii) 2 < <1 2< <1 a 3, 3 ....(ii)
2A 2
(iii) g( 2) > 0 4 2(a + 1) + (a 1) > 0 a<1
(iv) g(1) > 0 1+a+1+a1>0 a > 1/2
Now (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) we get
2 1 2 1
5. f(x) = sin1 x + cos 1 x 2
2
2 1 5 5
x 2, 2

Domain : 1 x 1
2
2 1 3 3
and 1 x 1 x ,
2 2 2

3 3 3
domain is x 2 , 2

or x 2 0,
2
1
if (i) x 2 0, , then f(x) =
2
1
if (ii) x 2 ,1 , then f(x) =
2
3
if (iii) x 2 1, , then f(x) = range = {}
2
1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1999
6. f = + + +....... = 1000
2 2 2 2000 2 2000 2 2000
7. f(x) = ax 2 + bx + c
f(0) = c c
f(1) = a + b + c (a + b + c) (a + b)
6 x 6 x , x0
8. f(x) =
2.6 x , x0
sin 2 x 4 sin x 5
9. f(x) = =y
2 sin 2 x 8 sin x 8
sin2 x (1 2y) + 4sinx (1 2y) + (5 8y) = 0
vertex (2, 1)
Let sin x = t, where t [1,1]
5
g (1) g (1) 0 or 2(1 y) . 2(5 9y) 0 or y ,1
9
y
10. x
2 0 2 4
y = f(x + 2) is drawn by shifting the graph by 2 units horizontally.
0 x0
2
x sin x x (1,1) 0
11. f(x) = = f(x)
x x |x||

odd function
PART - II
1. (i) log1/ 3 log 4 ([ x ]2 5)
Domain
(i) log1/3 log4 ([x]2 5) 0 or log4 ([x]2 5) 1
or [x]2 9 or x [3, 4) .........(i)

(ii) log4 ([x]2 5) > 0
or [x]2 5 > 1
or x ( , 2) [ 3, ) .........(ii)
(iii) [x]2 5 > 0
x ( , 2) [ 3, ) .........(iii)
Now (i) (ii) (iii)
x [3, 2) [ 3, 4)
1
(ii) f(x) = [ | x 1 | ] [ | 12 x | ] 11
Case- x > 12
1 1
f(x) = f(x) = 2 ([ x ] 12)
[ x ] 1 [ x ] 12 11
Now for f(x) to be defined [x] 12 x [12, 13) but x > 12
x (12, 13)
Case- 1 x 12
1
1 if x I
f(x) = = [ x ] ( 1 [ x ])
[ x] 1 12 [ x] 11 not defined if x I
x {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12}

Case-
x<1
1
f(x) =
1 [ x] [ x] 12 11
1
2(1 [ x ]) if xI
f(x) = 1 x (0, 1) x<1
if xI
2 [ x ]
x2 2x 3
(iii) f(x) = x 0.5 log( 0.5 x ) 4x2 4x 3
x + 0.5 > 0, x + 0.5 1 x (0.5, ) & x 0.5 .....(A)
2
x 2x 3 ( x 3)( x 1)
& 2 > 0 or >0
4x 4x 3 (2x 3)(2x 1)
1 3
or x ( , 3) ,1 , .....(B)
2 2
1 3 1
(A) (B) Domain of f(x) : x ,1 ,
2 2 2
1
cos x
(iv) f(x) = 2
6 35 x 6 x 2
1
cos x 0 or x 2n , 2n , n
2 3 3
1
and 6 + 35x 6x 2 > 0 or x ,6
6
1 5
Domain , ,6
6 3 3

5 sin1 x 2 ( 7 x 1) !
(v) f(x) = 3 +
x 1 x1
2
x 1
2 0 x [1, 3) & x [1, 1]

& x+1>0 x (1, ) & 7x + 1 w
1 1 2 3 4 5 6
Domain ,0, , , , , ,
7 7 7 7 7 7 7
2. (i) f(x) =
x 1 + 2 3 x
D:x10 & 3x0 x [1, 3]
1 1 7
Range : f(x) = =0 or f(x) = 0 at x =
2 x 1 3x 5
7 7 7
< 0
f 5 > 0 & f 5 maxima at x = Range : 2, 10
5
(ii) For domain (i) [x] > 0 and [x] 1 so [x] 2, so x [2, )
|x|
for range if x [2, ), then =1 so f(x) = cos 10 =
x 2

Range of f(x) =
2
(iii) f(x) = log1/ 2 log 2 [ x 2 4 x 5]

D : 0 < log2 [x 2 + 4x + 5] 1 or 1 < [x 2 + 4x + 5] 2
[x 2 + 4x + 5] = 2 or 2 x 2 + 4x + 5 < 3
D : x (2 2 , 3] [1, 2 + 2)
R : {0}
x2 x2
f(x) = sin1 log 2 2

(iv) 1 log2 2 < 2

1 x2
<4 x ( 8 , 1] [1, 8)
2 2

and R : , 0,
2 2
(v) f(x) = log[x 1] sinx
sin x > 0 x (2n,(2n+1))
here [x 1] > 0 & [x 1] 1 x [3, ]

Domain x [3, ) 2n , (2n 1) .
n 1
For range sin x (0, 1] and [x 1] [2, ) so range (, 0]
1
(vi) f(x) = tan1 [ x ] [ x ] 2 | x | +
x2
Domain : (i) [x] + [x] 0 x
(ii) 2|x|0 |x| 2 x [2, 2]
(iii) x 0
For domain (i) (ii) (iii) Domain : {2, 1, 1, 2}
1
Range : , 2
4
3 x x
3. f(x) = sin sin5
2 5
T 1 = 2, T 2 = 5 T = 10
4. (i) y = cos (sin x)

sin x [1, 1]
1
cos 1
3 O

3 5

2 2 2 2 2
(ii) y = | n | x 2 x | |
(rough sketch)
(iii) y = min (x [x], x [x])

0 , xI
=
min ({ x }, { x }) ,x I
1 0 1 2 3
(iv) y = (sin 2x) 1 tan 2 x

(v) y = sin x + | sin x |
Ans. y = 2 sin x if sin x 0
=0 if sin x < 0
(In x )2 0 , ln x 0 , x 1
(vi) y = In x =
| In x | 2 ln x , ln x 0 , 0 x 1
5. [x] [y] = x + y
(i) if x, y then xy = x + y
x
or y= (x, y) is (0, 0), (2, 2)
x 1
(ii) if x, y I Let x = I1 + f 1
and y = I2 + f 2 then I 1 + I 2 + f 1 + f 2 = I 1I 2
f1 + f2 I
0 < f1 + f2 < 2 f 1 + f 2 = 1.
I 1 + I 2 + 1 = I 1I 2
I2 1 2
I1 = I 1 1 I 1 .
2 2
I2 1 = 1, 2, I2 = 2, 0, 3, 1
\ I1 = 3, 1, 2, 0
I1 I2 = 6, 0
x + y = I 1I 2
x + y = 0 or x + y = 6
6. (i) | [x] 2x | = 4
or [x] 2x = 4
let x = + f
4I 4I
then (a) 2 2f = 4 or f= 0 <1 = 3, 4
2 2
= 3, f = 1/2, = 4, f = 0 x = 4, 7/2
(b) 2 2f = 4

(4 I) (4 I)
f= 0 <1
2 2
= 4, f = 0 x = 4
1 9 9 7
= 5, f = x= x = 4, , 4,
2 2 2 2
(ii) [x 1] + [1 x] + x {x} > 0
[x] + [x] + [x] > 0
If x , x > 0
x : {1, 2, 3, 4, .......... } .......(A)
If x
[x] 1 > 0
[x] > 1 x [2, ) .......(B)
A
x {1} [2, )
7. Case y=x x<1

x=y y<1
f 1(x) = x x<1
Case y = x2 1x4
x2 = y 1 y 16
x= y 1 y 16
f 1(x) = x 1 x 16
Case y= 8 x x>4
y2
x= y > 16
64
x2
f 1(x) = x > 16
64
8. Let x = y = 1
f(x) + f(y) + f(xy) = 2 + f(x) . f(y)
3f (1) = 2 + (f(1))2 f(1) = 1, 2. But given that
f(1) 1 so f(1) = 2
1
Now put y =
x
1 1 1 1
f(x) + f + f(1) = 2 + f(x) . f f(x) + f = f(x) . f
x
x x
x
so f(x) = x n + 1
Now f(4) = 17 (4)n + 1 = 17 n = 2
2
f(x) = +(x) + 1. f(5) = 52 + 1 = 26
9. Put x = 1, y = 1
(f(1))2 = f(1) + 6 f(1) = 3, 2
f(1) = 3 [Since f(x) > 0]
Put y = 1 in given relation
f(x) f(1) = f(x) + 2(x + 2)
2f(x) = 2x + 4
f(x) = x + 2
10. | f(2k) f(2i)| = | f(2k) f(2k 1) + f(2k1) f(2k2)......... f(2i+1) f(2i)|

| f(2k) f(2k1)| + | f(2k1) f(2k2)| + ...........| f(2i+1) f(2i)|
Consider | f(2k1 + 2k1)| f(2k1) | 1
So | f(2k) f(2i)| 1 + 1 + ........(k i) term

k
| f ( 2k ) f (2 i ) | (k i)
i 1
k (k 1)
Hence proved.
2
1
11. (x + 1)2 f = f(x + 1)
x 1
1 1 f ( x)
f = ...........(i)
x 1 ( x 1)2
1 x x
Also f = f 1 = 1+ f
x 1 x 1 x 1
x
= 1f
x 1
2
x 1 x
=1f
x x 1
x2 1 x2 f (x)
= 1 2 f 1 = 1 2
1 2 .........(ii)
( x 1) x ( x 1) x
from equation (i) and (ii), we can say that
1 f ( x) x 2 f (x)
(i) = (ii) 2 = 1
( x 1) ( x 1)2
1+ f(x) = 1 + 2x f(x) f(x) = x
12. (i) Put x = y = 1 in given relation, we get f(f(1)) = f(1)

f (1)
(ii) Now put x = 1, y = f(1) in given relation, we get f(f(1)) = =1
f (1)
from (i) and (ii)
f(f(1)) = 1 f(1) = 1
f (1) 1
Put x = 1, f(f(y)) = y f(f(y)) = y now substitute y = f(x)
1 1 1
f(f(f(x))) = f =
f (x) x f (x)
13. f(x, y) = f(2x + 2y, 2y 2x) .......(i)

= f(2(2x + 2y) + 2 (2y 2x), 2(2y 2x) 2(2x + 2y)) from (i)
f(x, y) = f(8y, 8x) .......(ii)
= f(8(8x), 8(8y)) (using (ii))
f(x, y) = f(64x, 64y) .......(iii)
= f((64) (64 x), (64) (64y)) (using (iii))
f(x, y) = f(212x, 212y)
f(x, 0) = f(212x, 0)
Replace x by 2y
f(2y, 0) = f(212 . 2y, 0)
f(2y, 0) = f(212+y , 0)
f(2x, 0) = f(212+x , 0)
g(x) = g(12 + x) [ given g(x) = f(2x, 0)]
Hence g(x) is periodic function with period 12.

LIMITS
EXERCISE # 1
PART - I
Section (A) :
0
im [ x ] =

A-6. (i) Not an indeterminate form
x 0 x ve value
(ii) im x 2 1 x + = Not an indeterminate form

x
(iii) im (tan x)tan2x = () form Yes

x
2
1
(iv) im x nx
x 1
1
n(1h )
im {1 h}
h 0
1
n(1 h )
im {h} = (0 form) = 0 Not an indeterminate form
h 0
SECTION (B) :
1 cos 4 x 0
B-2. (i) im form
x 0 1 cos 5 x 0
2
sin 2x
2 22
2 sin 2x 2x 16
im
= x 0 im
= x 0 2 =

2 5x 25
2 sin 5x
2 2 sin
5 2

2 5 x
2
im 3 sin x cos x 0
(ii) x
form
6
x
0
6
using L' Hospital rule
im 3 cos x sin x 3 1
= x
= =2
6 1 2 2
tan 3 x 2x
(iii) im
x 0
3x sin2 x
3 . tan 3 x
2 3(1) 2 32 1
im 3x = = =
x 0
sin x 3 0 . 1 3 3
3 sin x.
x
2 2 0
im (a x ) sin(a x ) a sin a form

(iv) x 0
x 0
using L' Hospital rule
2(a x ) sin(a x ) (a x )2 cos(a x )

= x im
0
1
= 2a sina + a2 cos a
5 5
2 2
B-4. im ( x 2) (a 2)
x a
xa
5 5
(x 2) 2 (a 2) 2
R.H.L. = im
x a xa
5
5
h 2
(a 2) 2 1
1
5 5 a2
(a 2 h) 2
(a 2) 2
= im = im
h 0 aha h 0 h
5 3
5 2
5 h 2 2 h
(a 2) 2 1 . . ..... 1
2 a2 2! ( a 2 )2
3
im 5
= h 0 h = ( a 2) 2
2
5 5
(a 2 h ) 2 ( a 2 ) 2
L.H.L. = im
h 0 h
5 3
5 5 2
h 2 2 h
a 2 1
2 .... 1
2a2 2! a2
3
5 2
= im = ( a 2)
h 0 h 2
L.H. L. = R.H.L.
5 5 3
( x 2 ) 2 (a 2 ) 2 5
So im = ( a 2) 2
x a (x a) 2
SECTION (C) :
1 2 x 1 2 ..... x
C-1. (i) im 2 2 .... 2 = im
x
x x x x
x2
im
x( x 1)
im 1 1 1 1
= x 2 = x x =

2x
2 2
(ii) im cos
x1 cos x
x
x x 1 x x 1
im 2sin
= x

. sin

2

2

x x 1 x x 1
im 2 sin
= x

. sin

2

2 . ( x x 1)
x x 1 1
im sin
=2 x
im
. sin

2

x
2. ( x x 1)
= 2x (oscillating 1 to 1) 0
=0

(iii) im x 2
8x x
x
= ( + ) =
3 4
2 1 1
3 2
n 2n 1 n 1 3 4 n2 1 n3 1 4
im n n3 n
(iv) = im 3 7
n 4
n 6n5 2 5 n7 3n3 1
6 n
6 2 3 1
n2 1 n5 1 4 7
n n6 n n
1
2 1 1
1 3 n 6 1 4
n n n 1 0
im
= n 1 = =1

6 2
10 3 1 1 0
1 n 1
n n6 n 4 n7
2 2
(v) im x 13 ( x 1) 3

x

2 2 4 2 2 4
( x 1) 3 x 13 ( x 1) 3 x 13 ( x 1) 3 ( x 1) 3

im
= x 4 2 2 4
( x 1) 3 x 13 ( x 1) 3 ( x 1) 3

( x 1)2 ( x 1)2 4x
im
= x 4 2 4
im
= x 2 4
2 4
( x 1) 3 x 1 3 (x 1) 3 (x 1) 3 x 1 3 x 1 3
(x 1) 3 1
x 1 x 1

4x 4
im
= x 2 4 = =0
1
x 1 3
x 1 3 (1 0) () [1 1 1]
( x 1)( x 1) 3 1
x 1 x 1

SECTION (D) :
1 1
2 5
D-1. (i) im ( x 2) (15 x 2)
x 2 1
(7 x 2) 4 x
Let x=2+h
1 1
1 1
5 h2 15 h 5
(4 h) 2 (32 15h) 2 1 2 1
4 32
im
= h 1 im
= h
0 0 1
(16 7h) 4 (2 h)
2 1
7h 4
16 (2 h)

1 1 1 4
h h2 3h 15h 2
2 2 5 5
21 .... 2 1 ....
8 2 16
32 2 32
im
= h

0
7h
21 ...... ( 2 h)
64
1 3 2 1 9 1 3
h h ...
im 4 16 64 256 4 16 2
= h0
= 7 =
7 1 25
h 1 .....
32 32

tan 2 x
e x 1 sin x
(ii) im 2
x3
x 0
2
2 3 4 3 5 3
x x x x ... x x x ... 1 x x ...

2! 3! 4! 3! 5! 2
3
im
h 0 x3
1 1 1 1 1 1
x 2 x 3 x 4 ....
2 2 6 6 4! 3
im
= h 3
0 x
1 1 1
= + =
6 6 3
SECTION (E) :
E-2. (i) im (tan x)tan2x

x
4
2 tan x
im (tan x 1) tan 2 x im
1 tan x
x x
= e 4 = e 4
1
= e1 =
e
x
1
x 2
1 2x x 2
(ii) im im
= x 1 = =0
x
1 3x 3 3
x
x x
sec im ( nx ). sec
(iii) im 1 nx 2
= e x 1 2
x 1
1
nx
im lim x
x 1 cos x x 1 sin x
2
2 0
= e ( form) = e 2 2 = e
0
(iv) im x x 2 ((0)0 form)

x 0
im x x 2
Let y = x0
1
nx x
im im
1 2
x 0 x 0
im x 2 3
e e x
y= x 2(nx) y= y= = e0 = 1
e x0
im cos x.( n tan x )

x
(v) im (tan x) cosx (0 form) y= e 2

x
2
n tan x 1 sec 2 x
im im
sec x tan x sec x tan x

x x
y= e 2 y= e 2
cos x
im
sin2x

x
y= e 2 y = e0 = 1
(vi) im ([x])1x
x 1
im [1 h]1 (1 h)
h0
im
h0 (0)h = 0
E-3. im [1 . 2x ] [2 . 3 x ] ..... [n . (n 1) x ]
n
n3
(1.2)x 1 < [1.2x] (1. 2)x
(2.3)x 1 < [2.3x] (2.3)x

n(n + 1) x 1 < [n (n + 1)x] n(n + 1)x
so (1.2)x + (2.3)x + ... n (n + 1)x n
< [1.2 x] + [2. 3 x] + .... [n(n +1)x]
(1. 2) x + (2. 3) x + .... n(n +1)x
x . (n2 + n) n [1. 2x] + [2. 3x] +......[n(n+1)x] x (n2 + n)
n(n 1) (2n 1) n (n 1)
x. n [1 . 2 x ] [ 2 . 3 x ] ..... [ n ( n 1) x ]
im 6 2 < im
n
n 3 n n3
n(n 1) (2n 1) n (n 1)
x
im
n 6 2

n3
1 1 1 1
1.1 n 2 n n 2 1 [1.2 x ] [2.3 x ] ..... [n(n 1)x ]
im x n
2 im
n
6 2 n n n3

1 1 1 1
1 . 1 n 2 n n 2
im x n
n 6 2

x [1.2 x ] [2.3 x ] ..... [n(n 1)x ] x
im
3 n n3 3
[1.2 x ] [2.3 x ] ..... [n(n 1)x ] x
so im =
n 3
n 3
2n
E-5. im x 1
f(x) = n
x 2n 1

case (i) when x = 1 im 1 1 = 0

f(x) = n
1 1
2n
1
1
im x 1 0
case (ii) when x > 1 f(x) = n 2n = =1

1 1 0
1
x
2n
case(iii) when x < 1 im x 1 = 0 1 = 1
f(x) = n
x 2n 1 0 1

range of f(x) is {1, 0, 1}

PART - II
Section (A) :
x 2 9 x 20
A-3*. f(x) =
x [x]
x 2 9 x 20 25 45 20
im = =0
x 5 x [x] 1
2 2
im x 9 x 20 = im (5 h) 9(5 h) 20
x 5 x [x] h0 5 h [ 5 h]
25 10h h2 45 9h 20
= im
h 0 h
h2 h h(h 1)
= im = im =1
h0 h h 0 h
im im im f(x) does not exist
x5
f(x) x5 f(x) so x 5
SECTION (B) :
3
4x 1
x3
x 3 x
im ( 4 1)
B-2. x 0 2
= x im
0
x x x
sin n 1 sin
p
3 x p x 2
.n 1
p x
3
p

3
4x 1 x2

x 3
= 3p . im . = 3 p (n 4)3
x 0 x x2
sin n 1
p 3

x
p

B-6. im tan2 x 2 sin 2 x 3 sinx 4 sin 2 x 6 sinx 2

x
2
2 sin2 x 3 sinx 4 (sin2 x 6 sinx 2)

= im tan2 x 2 2
x
2 2 sin x 3 sinx 4 sin x 6 sin x 2
(sin2 x 3 sin x 2)
= im tan2 x .
x
2
2 3 4 1 6 2
1 sin2 x 3 sin x 2 0
= im 6 form (use L'Hospital rule)
x cos2 x 0
2
1 im 2 sin x cos x 3 cos x

=
6 x 2 2 cos x( sin x )
1 im 2 sin x 3 1 1 1
= = =
6 x 2 2 sin x
6
2 12
cos 2 cos 2x
B-7*. Let f(x) =
x2 | x |
cos 2 cos 2x
(A) xim f (x) for x = 1 |x| = x f(x) =
1
x2 x
cos 2 cos 2x 0 2 sin 2x
Now im ( form) = im = 2sin2
x 1 x2 x 0 x 1 2x 1
cos 2 cos 2x 0 2 sin 2 x
(B) xim ( form) = im = 2sin2
1 x2 x 0 x 1 2x 1
SECTION (C) :

C-1. sinh < h < tanh , h 0,
2
h h
1 1
sinh sin h

h
im 2 2 h
LHL = h0 = h im
0 sinh
= 2
cos 2 h

h
im 2 2 h
RHL = h0 = h im
0 sinh
= 2 LHL = RHL = 2
cos 2 h

1
n
3 ( 1)n
3n ( 1) n 3 0 3
C-3. im im
= n n 1 = =
n
4n ( 1)n
4 ( 1) . 40 4
n
2
1
x 22 2 x2
C-6*. (A) im im x 2 = im
= x
1
x x 6 =
3 x6
3 x6 3 3
x
2
1
x2 2 x2 1
(B) im im
= x =
x 6
3x 6
3 3
x
SECTION (D) :
x2

im e cosx
2
D-4. x 0 3
x sinx
x x4 x x4 1 1 1 1
1 ...... 1 ...... x4 x6 .....
2 4 . 2! 2! 4! 8 4! 8 . 3! 6 !
= x im
0 = x im
0 2
3 x
x
x 4 1
x3 x ....... .......
3! 3 !
1 1 1
= =
8 24 12

1 a cos x
D-5*. For x im
0
x2
0
for 0 form

1+a=0 a=1
b sin x im b
for x im
0 3 = x 0
x2
x
so b=0
1 a cos x b sin x
Now = x im x im
0
x2 0
x3
2
sin x

1 cos x 2 sin2 x 2 2

1 1
im
= x 0
im
= x 0
2 = x im

x

= . (1)2 =
x2 x2
0 4
2 2
2
1
(a, b) = (1, 0) and =
2
SECTION (E) :
1 1
n (tan x ) n (tan x )
E-3. im (1 [ x ]) = im ( exact 1) =1

x x
4 4
1
E-7. im [13 x] [23 x] ... [n3 x ]

n n4
13 x 1 < [13 x] 13 x
23 x 1 < [23 x] 23 x
. . .
. . .
. . .
n3 x 1 < [n3 x] n3 x
Adding all these inequilities
(13 + 23 + 33 ...........+ n3) x n < [13x] + [23x] + ...........[n3x] (13 + 23 + ..........n3) x
2
n 2 (n 1)2 n(n 1)
x n 3 3 3 x
4 [1 x ] [2 x ] .... [n x ] 2
<
n4 n4 n4
2 2
1 x 1 [13 x ] [23 x ] ......... [n 3 x ] 1 x
im 1 3 < im im 1
n
n n 4 n n n4 n 4
x [13 x ] [2 3 x ] ........[ n3 x ] x [13 x ] [2 3 x ] ........ [n3 x ] x

im im
4 x n4 4 x n4 4
E-9*. im f(x)= im | 0 h| sin(0 h) im hsin(h) = him0( sin h ) ( nh )

= h = e0 = 1
x 0 h0 0 e
im f(x) = im | 0 h |sin ( 0 h ) = im hsin h = im (sin h ) ( nh ) = e0 = 1

x 0 h h e h
im f(x) = im f(x) = 1 im f(x) = 1

x 0 x 0 x 0

EXERCISE # 2
PART - I
3
23 1 3 3 1 4 1 n3 1
1. (i) Pn = . . 3 ..........
23 1 3 3 1 4 1 n3 1
(2 1)(2 2 2 1) (3 1)(3 2 3 1) (n 1)(n 2 n 1)

Pn = . ...........
(2 1)(2 2 2 1) (3 1)(3 2 3 1) (n 1)(n 2 n 1)
1.7 2 . 13 3 . 21 (n 1)(n 2 n 1) 1 . 2 . 3 ...........(n 1) 7 . 13 . 21...........(n 2 n 1)

Pn = 3 . 3 . 4 . 7 . 5 . 13 ........ Pn = 3 . 4 . 5..........(n 1) .
(n 1)(n 2 n 1) 3 . 7 . 13..........(n2 n 1)
1.2 n2 n 1 2 (n 2 n 1) 2 (n2 n 1) 2
Pn = . Pn = im P = im
n (n 1) 3 3 n(n 1) n n n 3 n (n 1) 3
1
n n 1 n2
im 1 k 3 k 5 k ...... (2n 1) . 1
(ii) n

n 4 k 1
k 1 k 1
n n k 1
(2k 1) r n
k 1 r 1 ( 2k 1)(n k 1)(n k 2)
im
= n im
= n
n4
k 1 2n 4
n n
( 2k 1)(n 1 k )(n 2 k ) ( 2k 1) (n 1)(n 2) k( 2n 3) k 2

= im 4 = im 4
n
k 1 2n n
k 1 2n
n
(2k 1) (n 1)(n 2) (2n 3) (2k 2 k ) 2k 3 k 2
= im
n
k 1 2n 4 2n 4 2n 4
n
(2k 1) (n 1)(n 2) ( 4n 7) k 2 2k 3 (2n 3) k 1
= im 4 =
n
k 1
2n 4 2n 4 2n 2n 4 12
(n(1 x ) n2) (3.4 x 1 3 x ) [n (2 h) n2] [3.4 h 3 3h]

2. (i) im im
= h
x 1 [(7 x )1/ 3 (1 3 x )1/ 2 ] sin( x 1) 0 [(8 h)1/ 3 ( 4 3h)1/ 2 ] sin h
h
n 1
h 2 3( 4h 1)
n 1 3( 4 h 1) 3h 3
im 2 im (h / 2) h
= h 0 1/ 3 1/ 2 = h 0
h 3h h 3h
2 1 1 sin h 1 1
8 4 sin h 24 8
4
h h

1.(3n 4 3) 9 9 4
= (n 4 1) = n
1 4 4 e
4
3
1 x 11 2
(ii) (1 x ) x = e 1 2 24 x .....

x 11 2
1 e e 1 x .....
2 24
im e (1 x ) e
x
im
Now = x 0 = x 0 3 5 =
tan x x 2x 2
x .....
3 15
AT
8. tan =
AQ
AP AT
sin 2 =
2r 2r
2 tan AT
2

1 tan 2r
2 tan AQ tan
2

1 tan 2r
4r im AQ = im 4r
AQ = 2 = 4r = 2 (Diameter)
1 tan P A 0
1 tan2
11. im (f(x) f(x))

L1 = x
x x x
im e f ( x ) f ( x )
L1 = x im e f ( x ) f ( x )e
L1 = x

e x
e x
d
f ( x )e x
x
im
L = L1 = x
dx
im f ( x )e
L = x
d x 1 x
e . e
dx

L = im f(x) L = im f(x)
x x
L
L = L2 L2 =

12. 1<2<n
1<3<n
1<4<n
1<5<n
. . .
. . .
. . .
1 < n 1< n
multiply all these inequilities
1 < 2 . 3. 4 . 5 ... (n 1) < nn2
1 < (n 1)! < nn2
n < n! < nn 1
n n! 1 im 1 im n! < im 1
< n < n n 1 < n nn n n
n n
n n n
im n! < 0
0 < n im n! = 0
nn n nn
AN
14. = tan
CN
CN = AN cot
1 cos
Area of ABC = (AB) (CN) = AN.CN = AN. AN
2 sin
r cos 2 r 2 cos3
= r cos. sin =
sin

1
Area of DEC = (DE) (CM) = (DM) (CM) = (CM)2 tan = (OC r)2 tan
2
2
r r 2 (1 sin )2
= r tan
sin sin cos
ABC im r 2 cos 3 . cos . sin

now im =
AB 0 DEC 2 sin . r 2 (1 sin )2
im cos 4 (1 sin2 )2
= = im = im (1 + sin)2 = (2)2 = 4
(1 sin )2 (1 sin )2

2

2 2
PART - II
n
1. im x = 0 (n integer)
x
ex
case(i) when n = 0
then im xn = im 1
=0
x ex x ex
case(ii) when n is +ve integer
im xn
form

x ex
im n!
= x ex = 0
case(iii) when n is ve n = m where m z+

m
im xn im x im 1
x ex = x ex
= x xm.e x = 0
n
so im x = 0
x
ex
3. im
x0 f(g (h (x)))
L.H.L. x 0
im +
x 0 h (x) = 0
im
x0 f(g(x))
then im g(x) = 1+
x0
im f(x) = 1 1 = 0
x 1
R.H.L. x 0+
im + im f(g(x)) = 0
x0 h (x) = 0 so
x0
L.H.L. = R.H.L. = 0

im x sin 1 sin 1

5. x
x 2
x
sin 1
x 1
im
sin = 1 + 0 = 1
x 1
x x 2


3 3
im |x| x (a > 0)

6. x=ah
x a a a

|a h|3 a h 3 |a|3 3

im im 1 h
= h0 a

= h0 a a = a2 0
= a2
a

x
12. im sec1
x x 1
1
replace x im im
y x y0
1

y 1
im sec 1
= y 1 im sec 1
= y
0
y 1
0
y 1

1
when y 0+ ; <1
y 1
1
im sec 1
so y 0 y 1 does not exist.

14. (i) = x

im sin x 1 sin x
x 1 x
. sin x 1 x

im 2 cos
= x
2

2

x 1 x x 1 x
im 2 cos
= x
. sin

2

2 x 1
x

x x 1 1
im 2 cos
= x
sin

2
2 x x 1

= (oscillating value 1 to 1) 0 = 0
(ii) m = xim

sin x 1 sin x
when x
then x undefined
m is undefined
16. im f(x)
To find x 0
L.H.L. = xim
0
f(x)
= xim
0
im
{ x } cot { x } = h0 (1 h) cot (1 h) = cot 1
tan2 [ x] tan2 [0 h] 2
im f(x) = im
R.H.L. = x0 = im = im tan 0 =0
x 0 x 2 [ x ]2 h0 (0 h)2 [0 h]2 h0
h2
im f(x) does not exist. f(x) is not continuous at x = 0.

L.H.L. R.H.L. so x 0
2

Now cot 1 im f ( x )
x 0
= cot1 ( cot 1)2 = cot1 (cot 1) =1

18. sin < < tan , 0,
2
sin tan
1

n sin n tan
n

n sin n tan
im ; n N
0

n sin n tan
im = n 1 + n = 2n 1
L.H.L. = 0

im n sin n tan
= n 1 + n = 2n 1
R.H.L. =
0 L.H.L. = R.H.L = 2n 1

1 1 1 1
20. im .......... ...
n n 2 2
n 1 2
n 2 2
n 2n
using sandwitch theorem
1 1
2
n n
1 1
2
n 1 n

1 1
2
n 2n n
adding all these inequilities
1 1 1 1 2n
.......... ...
2 2 2 2
n n 1 n 2 n 2n n
im
Taking both side n
1 1 1 1
im .......... ...
n n 2 = 2
n2 1 n2 2 n 2 2n
21. im 2x cot 1 x
f(x) = t 0 t2
Case-I : when x = 0
f(x) = 0
Case-II : when x > 0
2x x 2x 2x
im
f(x) = t cot 1 2 = cot 1( ) = .0=0
0 t
Case-III when x < 0
2x x 2x
im
f(x) = t cot 1 2 = 2 x cot1 ( ) = . = 2x
0 t
f(x) = 2x

x x
ay by 1 ay 1 by
exp x n 1 x exp x n 1 x x x
im im im im
x
25. y 0 = y 0
y

x y

2 2 2 2
1ay x(x 1) . a y ..... 1 by x(x 1) . b y ....

2! x2 2! x2
im
by expansion im
= y 0 x y

y2 2
y( a b ) (a b 2 ) .....
2
im
= y

0 y =ab

(ax 1)n
29. im
x xn A
(A) If n N
n
1
a
x (a 0)n
im = an
x A =
1 n 1 0
x

(B) If n Z & a = A = 0
n
then im (ax 1) = im 1 = nZ

x xn
x
xn A
(C) If n = 0
n
then im (ax 1) = im 1
=
1
x
xn A x 1 A 1 A

(D) If n Z , A = 0 & a 0
n n n
then im (ax 1) = im (ax 1) = im a 1 = (a + 0)n = an

x
xn A x
xn x
x
EXERCISE # 3
2 2 2 2
1. (A) im tan[ e ]x tan[ e ]x
x 0
sin 2 x
tan[e2 ]x2 2 2
2 2 tan[e ]x
[e2 ]x2 [e ]x
[e2 ]x2 [e2 ]x2
= xim
0 2 = [e2] [ e2] = 15
2 sin x
x
x2
(B) im min(t 2 4t 6) sin x = im 2 sin x

x 0
x 0
x x
2 sin x 2 sin x im 2 sin x = 1

sin x < x <2 =1 So x 0 x
x x

1 1
2 1
1 x .... 1 x 4 4
4 x 2 ....
1

3
2 2!
2 1/ 3

im (1 x ) (1 2x ) 4 1
= xim

(C) x 0 0 2 =
x x2 xx 2
x x
2 2 sin2 2 2 sin2
im = 2 1 cos x 4 2
(D) = xim 4 = xim =
x 0
sin x 2 0 2
sin x
0
x 2 sin2 x 8
16. . 2
16 x
Comprehension # 1
(For Q.No. 3 to 5)
n x
x im cos 1 . n
im cos
f(x) = n = e n n

n
cos tx 1 1 cos tx 1
1 im im x 2 2 2 x2
2 t 0 t x
Substituting, n = f(x) = e t 0 t = e
= e 2
t2
x2 x 1 x2 1
4b im x 2 x 1 x 2 1 = im 1
g(x) = x b = x x 2 2 =

x x 1 x 1 2
1
4.
g(x) = x 2 = x2
By observation, graphs of f(x) and g(x) intersect each other at two points
Number of solutions is 2.
9. Statement -1 is true as
sin x sin x
im =0 and im
x =1
x 0 x 0 x
Statement - 2 is true as
im h( g( x )) = h ( im( g( x )) if h(x) is continuous at x = g(a).
xa x a
10. Statement -1
1 cos2x
im 2 | sin x |
= xim L.H.L. = 1 & R.H.L. = 1
x 0 x 0
x
Statement -2 is true
14. True indeterminate form of type
(5 x )2
18. im
x 1 (2 x)1
(2 x ) 1
im (5 x ) 4 = xim
1 x 2
=
1
x 1 ( 2 x ) 1 (5 x ) 2 1
1 x 4 2

21. im ( x a)(x b) x
x
( x a)( x b) x 2
im
= x ( x a )( x b ) x
im (a b) x ab ab ab
= x = =

(a b) ab 1 1 2
x 1 2 1
x x
EXERCISE # 4
PART - I
x tan 2x 2x tan x x 2 tan x
1. im 2
im
= x 2 tan x
2 2 2
x0 (1 cos 2x ) 0 (2 sin x ) 1 tan x
3
tan x
2
im 2 . x tan x . tan x im 1 x 1 1 1
= x0
= x0
. 4 = .
4 2 sin x
4. sin x 2 1 2

x
x x3 5
x3 im 1 x im x
x x 2
2. for x R , im = e
x
x 2 = e = e5
x x 2
sin( cos 2 x )
3. im
x 0 x2
sin( (1 sin2 x ) sin( sin2 x ) sin2 x

= im = im = 1..1 =
x 0 x2 x 0 sin2 x x2
x
4. im (cosx 1) (cos x e )
x 0
xn
x 2 x 4 x 2 x 4 x2 x3
1 ......... 1 1 ......... 1 x .........
im 2! 4 !
2! 4!
2! 3 !

x 0
n
x
1 x2 1 1
1 x2
3
1 1 ......... 1 x .........
x ......... 1 x .........
2! 4!
2! 2!
im 2! 4!

2! 2! im
= x

x 0 0 n3
x
xn
is finite and non-zero if n = 3
5. im ((a n)nx tan x ) sin nx = 0

x0
x2
sin nx tan x
im (n) (a n) n 0
x 0 nx x
(1) (n) [(a n) (n) 1] = 0
n(a n) 1 = 0 [ n 0]
1 1
an= a=n+
n n

sin x
im 1
1
6. for x > 0 x 0 sin x
x
x
sin x n( x )
im (sin x ). n 1
sin x
1
1 1 im
im(sin x ) im
x
= 0 + im = e x 0 x = e x 0 cos ec x form
x 0 x
x 0 x0
x
1
2
im x
im sin x
= e x 0 (cos ecx cot x )
= e x0x cos x = e = 1
1
1 x 2 1 2 1 x 4 x2
a a . 1 . 2 . ....
2 2 x2 2 a 2 2 a4 4
a a x
7*. L = im 4 = im ( a > 0)
4 x 0 4
x 0 x x
x2 1 x4 x2
. 3 ......
im 2a 8 a
= x 4
0
x4
1 1
Since L is finite 2a = 4 a=2 im
L = x =
0 3
8.a 64
xn(1 b2 )
1 b 1
8. lim e x = 1 + b2 = 2b sin2 sin2 =
x 0 2 b
1
We know b + 2 sin2 1 but sin2 1
b

sin2 =1 =
2
x2 x 1
9. im ax b = 4
x 1
x

x 2 (1 a) x(1 a b) (1 b)
im =4
x
x 1

Limit is finite it exists when 1a=0 a=1
1 b
1 a b
im x
then x 1 =4 1ab=4 b=4
1
x
10. ((1 + a)1/3 1)x2 + ((a+1)1/2 1)x + ((a+1)1/6 1) = 0
let a + 1 = t6
(t2 1)x2 + (t3 1)x + (t 1) = 0
(t + 1)x2 + (t2 + t + 1)x +1 = 0
1
As a 0 , t 1 2x2 + 3x + 1 = 0 x = 1 and x =
2
PART - II
1 cos 2x
1. im
x 0 2x
2 sin2 x im | sin x |
im =
x 0 x 0
2x x
LHL = him sin h 1 , im sin h 1

RHL = h
0 0
h h
LHL RHL
So limit does not exist
x
2. im x 3 (1 form)
x
x2
5
x3 im
im 1 x 5x x 2
x x 2
im 1
x 2 x
= e
= ex = e = e 5
3. f(2) = 4, f(2) = 4
im x f (2) 2f ( x ) 0 im f (2) 2f ( x ) = f(2) 2f(2) = 4 8 = 4

form = x
x 2
x2 0 2
1
4. f(1) = 1, f(1) = 2
f (x) 1 0 f( x ) 2 x f (1) 2
im
form = xim = 2
x 1 x 1 1 1
0 2 f (x) f (1)
n
5. im n x [ x ]
x [ x]
n n
im nx im [ x] im nx im 1
= x x = x x =01=1
[ x] [ x] [ x]
x
2
im x 5 x 3

6. x 2
x x3
x x ( 4 x 1)
4x 1 im
im 1
= x (1 form) = e x
x 2
x3
= e4
x2 x 3
x x
1 tan (1 sin x ) tan (1 sin x )
im 2 im 4 2
7. x x = x
2
1 tan ( 2x )
3 2
( 2 x )3
2

put x = y y 0+
2
y y
tan (1 cos y ) tan (1 cos y )
im 2 im 2
= y = y
0
( 2y )3 0
8y3
sin2 y
y
tan
im 2 2 2 1 1
= y 0 y y 2 64 = (1) (1)
32 32
2 4
8. im n (3 x ) n (3 x ) k
x 0 x
x x
x x n 1 3 1 n 1 3
n 1 n 1 1
3 3

im k
im x 3 x 3 = k
x 0 x x 0
3
3
1 1 2
k k=
3 3 3
Alt.
im n(3 x ) n(3 x ) k
x 0
x
Apply L' Hospital rule
im 1 1 1 1
k k
x 0 3 x 3 x 3 3
2
k=
3
9. im f (a) g( x ) f (a) g(a) f ( x ) g(a) 4

x a g( x ) f ( x )
Apply L' Hospital rule
f (a) g( x ) g(a) f ( x )
im = 4
x a
g( x ) f ( x )
im k g( x ) f ( x ) 4
x a g( x ) f ( x )

k=4
2x
10. im 1 a b e2
x x x2
a b
im 2 2 x
im (ax b)2 2
x x
e2
x x
e x
im 2a 2b 2 b R, a = 1
x x
2
11. ax + bx + c = 0
a(x ) (x ) = 0
1 cos(ax 2 bx c )
im
x ( x )2
ax 2 bx c a
2 sin2 2 sin2 ( x ) ( x )
2 im 2
= im = x 2
x ( x ) 2 ( x )
2
a( x ) ( x )
sin 2 2
im 2 2a ( x ) 2a2 ( )2 a 2 ( )2
= x a( x ) ( x )
= (1)
4 4 2

2
f (3 x )
12. lim =1
x 0 f ( x)
f(x) < f(2x) < f(3x) Divide by f(x)
f ( 2 x ) f (3 x )
1
f(x) f ( x)
using sandwitch theorem
f (2x )
lim =1
x f ( x)

lim 2 sin ( x 2)
13. x2
( x 2)
does not exist
( f ( x )2 ) 9
14. im 0
x 5 |x5|
im[( f ( x ))2 9] 0
x 5
im f(x) = 3
x 5
1 a x a x 1 a x 1 a 2 x 1 (b1x 1) (b 2 x 1) 1
x x x im 1x 2 x 1 im 1
1. im a1 a 2 = e x 0 b1 b 2 x

= e
x 0
x x x x b x b x
1 2

x 0 x x
b1 b 2
1 1 aa
(log e a1 loge a 2 log e b1 loge b 2 ) log e 1 2 a1a 2
= e2 = e2 b1b 2 = b1 b 2
p q 0 pqx p 1 pqx q1 0
im p q qx px

2. form = im form
0 x1 px p 1 qx q1 (p q)x p q1 0
x1
1 x p x q x pq
pq(p 1)x p 2 pq(q 1)x q 2 pq

= xim =
1 p(p 1)x p 2 q(q 1)x q 2 (p q)(p q 1)x p q2 2
1
t 1 t 1 t
3. im b a
t 0
ba

b t 1 a t 1 1 b(bt 1) a(a t 1) 1
1
1 im bnb ana bb b a
b a t t 0 t t ba
im e
= t =
e = e ba =
0 aa

4. im f(0 h) = im f( h) = im
LHL = h0 h2 =1
h 0 h 0 1
im f(0 + h) = im f(h) = im im 1 = 1
RHL = h0 h 0 h 0 n 1 hn
nx
e n x e n x 2 cos k x2
5. im 2
x0
(sin x tan x)
n2 x 2 n 4 x 4 n2 x 2 n 4 x 4
2 1 ..... 2 1 ........ k x 2
2! 4! 4.2! 16.4!
im
= x 0 3 3
x x ........ x x 2 x 5 .......

3! 3 15

n2 2n 4 2n 4
x 2 n2 k x4

4

4! 16.4!

im
= x 0 3 1 1 limit exists, if coff. of x 2 is zero.
x ..........
3! 3
n2
n2 +
k=0 4k = 5n2
4
so the possible value match that is n = 2, k = 5
1 3
im cos (3 x 4 x ) cos 1( 4 x 3 3 x )
6. L= 1 = im1
x 1 x 1
2 x 2 x
2 2
1
Let = cos1 x As x
2 3
1
L = im cos (cos 3)
1
3 cos
2
1 0
im cos (cos 3) im 3
form
Now LHL = =

1 1 0
3 cos 3 cos
2 2
= im 3 = 2 3

3
sin
1 1 ( 2 3)
Also, RHL = im cos (cos 3) = im cos (cos(2 3)) = im

1 1
1

3 cos
3 cos cos
3 2
2 2
= im 3 0 im 3
form = = 2 3

1 0

sin
3 cos 3
2
LHL RHL Limit does not exist
n n
n
2
(n 1) r 2 r 3
r (n r 1)
r 1 r 1
7. im
r 1 = im n
n n
n 3
r 3
r
r 1
r 1
(n 1) (n) (n 1) (2n 1)

im 6 1 1/ 3 4 1
= 1/ 4 1 = 3 1 3
= n

n 2 (n 1)2

4
n1999 1
8. im =
n x x 2000
C C
n x 1 x C1 2
3
2
...

2n 6 n

the limit obviously exists if 2000 x = 0 x = 2000
1
9. Let = sin1 x as x
2 4

1 1
cos 1 cos 2
im cos (2 sin cos ) im cos (sin 2) im 2
= =
1 1 1
4 sin 4 sin 4 sin
2 2 2

cos 1 cos 2 2 0
Left hand limit = im 2 = im 2 form

1
1 0

4 sin
4
sin
2 2
2
= im = 2 2

cos
4

cos 1 cos 2

cos cos 2 2
im 2 im 2 im 2
Right hand limit =
1 = = 1

4 4 1 4 sin
sin sin
2 2 2
2
= im = 2 2 LHL RHL Limit does not exist

cos
4
x x x
f ( x ) f f ... f 0
10. im 2 3 k form
x 0
x 0
im f ( x ) 1 f x 1 f x ... 1 f x
= x 0
2 2 3 3 k k
1 1 1
1 1 1 2 n 1 1 xn 1 (1 x )n
=1+ + + .... + = (1 x x ... x ) dx = dx = dx
2 3 n
0 0
1 x
0
x
n n n
C2 C3 Cn
= n C1 + ........ + (1)n1 .
2 3 n
PART - II
1. Let im 1 cos(a1x). cos(a2x).cos(a3 x).......cos(an1x)
Ln+1 = x 0
x2
im 1 cos (an1x ) cos (an1x ) cos (a1x ). cos (a2 x )..... cos (an1x )
Ln+1 = x 0
x2
im 1 cos(an1x) cos (an1x) {1 cos(a1x).cos(a2 x).....cos (an x)}
Ln+1 = x 0
x2
im 1 cos(an1x ) + im cos (a x) . L
Ln+1 = x 0 2 x 0 n+1 n
x
Ln+1 =
an12 + L
n
2
n
a12 a22 a22 a12 1 ai2 a32 a32 a22 a12
L1 =
2
, L2 =
2
+ L1 =
2
+
2
, L3 =
2
+ L2 =
2
+
2
+
2
, Ln =
2 i 1

2. im x 2 x 1 a x b = 0
x
im x 2 x 1 ax b = 0
x
1 1 h h 2 a bh
Let x = im 0 limit exists
h h0 h
So 1a=0 a=1
1 h h 2 1 bh
im 0
h0 h

( 2h 1) 1 1
im b=0 b=0 b=
h 0 2
2 1 h h 2 2
1
So a = 1, b =
2
3. im xnf(x) = p
x
n1
im x f ( x ) = p
x
x
using L- Hospital rule, we get
n n 1
im (n 1) x f ( x ) x f ( x ) = p im xn+1.f(x) = p
(n + 1) p + x im xn+1 f(x) = np.
x x
1
ex x 1 x2
4. Let f(x) =
x3
Since limit exists im f(0 + h) = im f(0 h) = L (say)

h 0 h 0
h 2
im e h 1 h
L = h0
h3
h 2 h h
im e h 1 h 2L = im e e 2h
Also, L = h0
h3 h 0
h3
Put h = 3t
3t 3 t
im e e 6t 54 L = im ( e t 1)3 ( e t 1)3 3( e 2 t e 2 t ) 3( e t e t ) 6t
2L = t0
27 t 3 t 0
t3
t 3 3
e 1 e t 1 (e 2 t e 2 t 4t ) ( e t e t 2t )
im
54 L = t 0
3 3
t t
t3 t3

t 3 3
t 2t 2t e t e t 2t
e 1 e 1 24 e e 4t

im
54 L = t 0 t
3

t

( 2t )3

t3

1
54 L = 1 + 1 + 48 L 6L 12 L = 2 L=
6
n
5. im n2 ( n 1) n 1 n 1 ....... n 1
n n 2
2 2 2n 1
n
1 1 n
(n 1) n ....... n n 1
2 2 1 1 1
im
= n
im 1 1
= n .......1 n 1 (1 form )
nn
2 . n
n 2n

2n 2n 1. n
n
im 1 1
= n

1
1

2 1
........ 1 n 1
2n 1

n 2n 2 .n
pn pn
1
=e .e1 1/2
.e 1/4
....... e 2 n 1
...... term im 1 1
{ using n
1
e p } { im 1 ep }
n

n n
= e2
6. Let x 2= 1 1 = 2 ; x3 = 2 1 = 3 ; x4 = 4 ; x5= 5 ;......; xn = n
n n n 1 n
im 1 n im
x n 1 n n im n 1 n n
n n 1 n
im n 1 = im
n
=e =e =e
n x n n
n

1

im 1 1 1
n

n

1

=e = e2 = e
1 1 1
7. Now, 2 < 2 < 2
n n n k n 1
n n n
k k k k k k
2 < 2 < 2 n 2 < n 2
< n 2
n n n k n 1 k 1 n k 1 k k 1 1
n
1 . nn 1 k nn 1
2 < n <
n n 2 k 1
2
k 2 n2 1

n
1 . nn 1 k nn 1
im im
< n n im
< n
n n 2 n 2
k 1
2
k 2 n2 1

n
k 1
im n 2 = (By Sandwich theorem)
n
k 1 k 2
loge x
8. im
x 1 sinsinx 1
let y = x 1 x = 1 + y
log e 1 y log e 1 y 1 y
Given limit im
= y im
0 sinsin y = y 0 y
sinsin y
sin y = 1 1 1 = 1
sin y
9. im x 3 x 2
1 x4 x 2
x

2 4 2
im 3
x 1 x 2x im x3 (1 x 4 x 4 )
= x x 2

4 = x
x 1 x x 2 2 4 2
x 1 x 4 x 2 1 x x

im x3
= x 2
x 1 x 4 x 2 1 x 4 x 2

x3 1 1 1
im .
= x 2 2 2 4 2
1 1
x3 1 1 2 1 4 1
x4 x

10. Let y = x
2
im e cot y = im 1
y 0 cot y =0

y 0 e

log e log e x
11. Let im
L = x x

e
2 log e loge x loge x x
im
L = x . . = 2000 = 0
loge x x e x
log e x x
Since im im x 0 (using L.H. Rule)
= 0 and x
x x e
im log e sin 4m 1x 0
12. form
x
2
log e sin4n 1x 0
1
. cos4m 1x.4m 1
im sin 4m 1x im tan 4n 1x. . 4m 1
= x = x
2 1 2
tan4m 1x 4n 1
. cos4n 1x.4n 1
sin 4n 1x

Put x =y x= +y (4m+1)x = (4m+1) +(4m+1)y
2 2 2
tan (4m+1)x = cot(4m+1)y
similarly tan (4n+1)x = cot(4n+1)y
tan 4m 1y . 4m 1
im cot 4n 1y . 4m 1
Given limit = y im
= y
0 0 tan 4n 1y ( 4n 1)
cot 4m 1y ( 4n 1)
tan 4m 1y . 1 . 4m 1
2
4m 12
im
= y =
0 ( 4m 1) y tan4n 1y 4n 12 4n 12
( 4n 1) y
13. Let x1 = y x=1+y

cot y
loge y cot y 2
2 im loge y tan y
given limit = im = y 0 cot y

y 0 cot y

tan y y
tan y
. 2

= yim y loge y 2. = 0. 2.1.1 = 2
y y

0
tan y
2
n1 nx 1/ x 1 x
1/ x
e x e n 1 nx 1 nx 1 nx
. 1 nx x
14. im = im1 = im im
x ( e 1 )
x e 1 x e x e 1 x e 1 x e 1 x e 1 x e 1
en ex 1 x
nx
xim
im .1 nx x = e.1. (0)e1
= 1 1 = 0

x e 1 ex 1 x 1
f x
15. (i) Since x 2>0 and limit equals 2, f(x) must be a positive quantity. Also since im= 2, the
x2 x0
denominator zero and limit is finite therefore f(x) must be heading towards zero. If f(x) tends
to some non-zero number then limit will cease to be a finite quantity.
f(x) > 0 in small neighbourhood of x = 0
thus im f x = 0
x 0
f x xf x f x f x f x
(ii) 2 im = im x. 2 = im x. im 2 = 0 2 = 0
x x x0 x x0 x x0 x 0 x
f x f x x.f x
im
if we find RHL of x im
then it is zero but if we find LHL of x im
x = x 2 = 1
0 x 0 0 x
Hence limit does not exist.

CONTINUITY AND DERIVABILITY
EXERCISE # 1
PART - I
Section (A) :
A-3. (i) h(x) = {x} [x]

at x = 1 h(1) = 0 LHL = 0 RHL = 0
at x = 2 h(2) = 0 LHL = 1 RHL = 0
(ii) h(x) = {x} + [x] = x at x = 1 continuous
(iii) h(x) = {x} [x] = x 2[x] discontinuous at x = 1
(iv) h(x) = { x } + [x]
at x = 1 h(1) = 1 LHL = 1 RHL = 1
at x = 2 h(2) = 2 LHL = 2 RHL = 2
A-4. f (x) = (x + 2) (x 2) (x 3)
( x 2) ( x 2) , x 3
h (x) = for continuity k = xlim h(x) = 5
k , x 3 3
h(x) = (x + 2) (x 2) = x2 4 which is even x R
Section (B) :
1 { x }, x
B-2. f(x) = x + {x} + [x] Since {x} =
0, x
x 1 { x} [ x ] , x
=
x [ x] , x
1 2 [ x ] , x
= ,
2x x
Curve of y = f(x)
discontinuous at all integers in [2, 2]
1
B-5._ u= is discontinuous at x = 2
x2
3 3 3
f(u) = 2 = 2 = is
2u 5u 3 2u 6u u 3 (2u 1) (u 3)
1
discontinuous at u = & 3
2
1 1 1
= and =3
x2 2 x2
7
x=0 and x=
3
7
Hence y = f(u) is discontinous at x = , 2, 0
3

Section (C) :
x m sin 1 ; x 0
C-5. f (x) = x
0 ; x0
for continitity f(0) = 0 = RHL (x = 0)
1
lim hm sin 0
h 0 n
lim hm [a finite quantity between [1, 1]] = 0

h 0
It hold only when m > 0
if m 0 neither continuous nor derivable
f (h) f (0) 1
for derivability lim = finite lim h (m 1) sin it is finite and unique
h 0 h h 0 h
and equal to zero if m > 1 when m >1 continuous and derivable
if 0 < m 1 continuous but not derivable
Section (D) :
D-2. y = f(x)
Section (E) :
E-2. f : R R and f(x + y) = f(x) f(y) x, y R

Put x = y = 0 f(0) = f2(0) since f(0) 0
f(0) = 1
f ( x h) f ( x ) f (h) 1
f '(x) = lim = lim f ( x ) = f(x) f '(0)
h 0 h h 0 h
dy
Let f(x) = y = y.f '(0)
dx
On solving ny = x f '(0) + c
y = f(x) = ec. ex f '(0) f(0) = 1 c = 0
Thus f(x) = ex.f '(0) xR
7
E-3._ f(x) is continuous and [f(2), f(2)], by intermediate value theorem (IVT), there exists a point
3
7
c (2, 2) such that f(c) =
3
PART - II
Section (A) :
A-2.* (A) f(x) is continuous no where
(B) g(x) is continuous at x = 1/2
(C) h(x) is continuous at x = 0
(D) k(x) is continuous at x = 0
Section (B) :
1 1
B-4. y = 2 , where t = , y = f(x) is discontinuous at x = 1, where t is discontinuous and y =
t t2 x 1
1
at t = 2 and t = 1
( t 2)( t 1)
1 1
2x + 2 = 1, x=
x 1 2
1 1
1 x=2 f(g(x)) is discontinuous at x = , 2,1
x 1 2
Section (C) :
Lim 3 Lim
C-9. x 2 f(x) = = f(2) x 2 f(x) = 1
5
f(x) is not continous at x = 2
Lim Lim 9
x 3 f(x) = x 3 f(x) = f(3) =
2
1 9
((3 h)3 (3 h)2 )
Now LHD (x =3) is Lim 4 2
h0
h
2
Lim h 8 h 21 21
h0
4 4
9 9
and RHD (x = 3) is Lim 4 (| h 1 | | 1 h |) 2
h0 0 f(x) is not differentiable at x =2 and x = 3
h
Section (D) :
(sin1 x )2 cos1/ x x0
D-3.* y f (x)
0 x0
f(x) can be discontinuous only at x = 0 in [1,1]
So we check only at x = 0
1
(sin1 h) 2 cos 0
n
LHD (x = 0) = lim
h 0 h
2
sin 1 h
lim . h cos 1 = 1. 0. [finite quantity between [1,1]] = 0
h 0
n
n
1 2
RHD (x = 0) is lim h
sin h .cos 1 0
h 0 n2 n
Hence f(x) is differentiable as well as continuous in [1,1]
D-4.

D-6.
x x 2 0 x 1/ 2

y g( x ) 1/ 4 1/ 2 x 1
sin x x 1

Section (E) :
E-1. f(x + 2y) = f(x) + f(2y) + 4xy x, y R

Replace 2y with y we have
f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y) + 2xy x, y R
diff. w.r.t. x
f '(x+y) = f '(x) + 2y
Put x = 1 y = 1 f '(0) = f '(1) 2
EXERCISE # 2
PART - I
2. f(0) = 0
h h h
f(0+) = hlim + ...............
0 h 1 (h 1)(2h 1) (2h 1)(3h 1)
1 1 1 1 1
= hlim 1 .......... ..
0 h 1 (h 1) 2h 1 2h 1 3h 1
f(x) is not continous at x = 0 since f(0) f(0+)
log 3 12n sin1 log 3 sin1

4. f(1) = lim 2n

n 1 1 2
log(3 h) (1 h)2n sin(1 h)

f(1+) = hlim lim sin1
0 n (1 h)2n 1
log(3 h) (1 h)2n sin(1 h)

f (1) = hlim lim log 3
0 n (1 h)2n 1
discontinous at x = 1
6. y = f(x)

y = |f(x)|
y = f(|x|)
1 1
9. y = f(x) = xsin 1/x. sin when x 0, , r = 1,2,3
x sin 1/ x r
1
y = 0, x = 0, where r = 1,2,3,...............
r
Let t = x sin1/x as x 0 , t 0
1
and as x , t 0
r
y = t sin1/t lim y lim t sin t 0 = f(0)
x 0 t 0
1
also lim y lim t sin t 0 = f r
1 t 0
x
r
1
f(x) is continous at x = 0 and f(x) is continous x [0, 1]
r
We know that t = xsin1/x is not differentiable at x = 0
1
therefore y = tsin1/t = xsin1/x. sin is not differentiable at x = 0
1
x sin
x
Section (D) :
10. y = |sinx|
y = sin|x|

y = f(x) = |sinx| + sin|x|
f(x) is continous every where

f(x) is not differentiable at x = n
f(x) is not periodic
16. Differentiability at x = 1
sin[(1 h)2 ]
a (1 h)3 b (a b )
f(1) = Lim (1 h)2 3 (1 h) 8
h0
h
a (1 h)3 a 0 form Lim 3a (1 h)

2
= Lim
h0

0

= h0
h 1
f(1 ) = 3a

2 cos(1 h) tan 1(1 h) a b ( 2 cos h tan 1(1 h) a b)

f(1+) = Lim
h0
= Lim
h0
h h
Function is differentiable

2+ =a+b .....(1)
4
2 cos h tan 1(1 h) 2 / 2 1 1

= Lim = Lim 2 sin h + =
h0
h h0 1 (1 h)2 2
1
Now f(1) = f(1+) 3a =
2
1 13
a= ....(2) by (1) and (2) b =
6 4 6
PART - II
1 cosh n (cosh)
3. f = hlim
2 0 4h2 n [1 4h2 ]
2 sin2 h / 2 4h2 n(1 2 sin 2 h / 2) 2 sin 2 h / 2

lim
= h0 16 16 2 . 2 . .

h / 2 n (1 4h ) 2 sin 2 h / 2 h2 / 2
1 1
= . 1. 1.(1) .1 =
64 64

[sin 0] 0 0 x 1

[sin 1] 0 1 x 2
[sin 2] 0 2x3

5. f(x) = [sin[x]] = [sin 3] 0 3x4
[sin 4] 1 4x5

[sin 5] 1 5x6

[sin 6] 1 6 x 2
f(x) is discontinuous at (4, 1)
x , x 1
9. f(x) = 2
ax bx c , otherwise
f(x) should be continous at x =1
it gives a+b+c =1
f(x) should be differentiable at x= 1
it gives 2a+b=1
b =12a c= 1ab= a
10. lim f ( x ) lim x 2 e 2( x 1) 1

x 1 x 1
f(1) = 1
lim f ( x ) lim a sgn (x +1) cos2(x1) + bx2 = a.1.1+ b
x 1 x 1
for continuity a + b = 1
(1 h)2 e 2h 1 2h 2h
e 2h 1
LHD (x = 1) is lim lim
= h 0 2e he
h 0 h

h

= 2+0+2=4
a sgn(2 h) cos 2h b(1 h)2 1
RHD (x = 1) is lim
h 0 h
a cos 2h b bh 2 2bh (a b) cos 2h 1

lim a bh 2b = 2b
= lim =
h 0 h h 0 h
f(x) is differentiable at x = 1 if 2b = 4
b = 2 a = 1
11. f(x) = [x] [sin x], x (1, 1)

1 , x ( 1, 0)
=
0 , x [0, 1)
f(x) is continuous in (1, 0)
13. Given f(0) = 4
lim 2f ( x ) 3f ( 2x ) f ( 4 x ) 0
0 form
x 0
x2
using L Hospital rule
0
lim 2f ( x ) 6f (2x ) 4f ( 4 x ) 0 form
x 0 2x
using L Hospital rule
lim 2f ( x ) 12f (2x ) 16 f ( 4 x ) = 2.4 12 .4 16.4 = 12

x 0 2 2
17. f(x) = [n + psinx] , x (0, )

graph of y = n + p sinx

obviously
f(x) = [n +psinx] is discontinous at points mark in above curve
number of such points (p 1) + 1 + p 1 = 2p 1
21. f(x) = [x] + {x}
1 x 1 , 1 x 0

x , 0 x 1
Curve of y = f(x) =
1 x 1 , 1 x 2

Method : II y = f(x) can be discontinuous only at x

so we check continuity only at x = n
f(n) = [n] + {n} n 0 n
LHL (x = n) is Lim [n h] + {n h} = (n1) + 1 = n

h0
RHL (x = n) is Lim [n + h] + {n h} = (n+0) = n

h0
f(x) is continous for x R

n
22. f(x) = a k | x |k
k 0
= a0 + a1 |x| + a2|x|2 + a3|x|3 + ............+ an|x|n
f(0) = a0 we know that xlim
0
| x | 0
lim f ( x ) a0
x 0
f(x) is continous for x = 0
|x|n is differentiable if n 1, nN
f(x) is not differentiable at x = 0, due to presence of |x|
If all a2k+1 = 0, f(x) does not contains |x|
f(x) is differentiable at x = 0

EXERCISE # 3
2. (A) f(x) = |x3| is continuous and differentiable
(B) f(x) = | x | is continuous
1 x
f (x) = . {does not exist at x = 0}
2 |x| |x|
(C) f(x) = |sin1 x| is continuous
sin 1 x 1
f (x) = 1 . {does not exist at x = 0}
| sin x | 1 x 2
(D) f(x) = cos1 |x| is continuous
1 x
f (x) = 2
. {does not exist at x = 0}
1 x |x|
Comprehension # 1_
1
3. (A) f (x) = n | x | LHL = 0 = RHL

(B) f (x) = x sin LHL = 0 = RHL
x
1
(C) f (x) = f (0) = not define
1 2cot x
LHL = 1
RHL = 0 LHL RHL
| sin x |
(D) f (x) = cos LHL (at x = 0) = cos ( 1) = cos 1
x
RHL (at x = 0) = cos 1
LHL = RHL
Lim Lim
4. (A) x 0 f(x) = 1 x 0 f(x) = 0
Lim Lim
(B) x 0 f(x) = x 0 f(x) =
2 2
Lim Lim
(C) x 0 f(x) = 1 x 0 f(x) = 1
Lim Lim
(D) x 0 f(x) = x 0 f(x) = 0
1
tan tan x x
5. f(x) f = 1
n [ x] 1 x 4

f = x =
4
4

Jump P - 1
4

Comprehension # 3 (9 to 11)
0 , x 1

1 x , 1 x 0
Given function f(x) can be rewritten as, f(x) =
1 x , 0 x 1
0 , x 1
0 , x 1 1 0 , x0

1 ( x 1) , 1 x 1 0 x , 0 x 1
f(x 1) = or f(x 1) =
1 ( x 1) , 0 x 1 1 2 x , 1 x 2
0 , x 1 1 0 , x2
0 , x 1 1
0 , x 2
1 ( x 1) , 1 x 1 0
2 x , 2 x 1
also, f(x + 1) = 1 ( x 1) , 0 x 1 1 or f(x + 1) =
x , 1 x 0
0 , x 1 1 0 , x0
0 , x 2

2 x , 2 x 1
x , 1 x 0
Now, g(x) = f(x 1) + f(x + 1) =
x , 0 x 1
2 x , 1 x 2

0 , x2
It is easy to check that g(x) is continuous for all x R and non-differentiable at x = 2, 1, 0, 1, 2.
13. Statement - 1
f (x) = {tanx} [tan x]

tan x , 0x
4
f(x) = tanx 2 [tan x] =
tan x 2 , x tan 1 2
4

obviously at x = f(x) is continuous. (True)
3
Statement-2
y = f (x) & y = g(x) both are continuous at x = a
then y = f(x) (g(x) will also be continuous at x = a (True)
Statement-1 can be explained with the help of statement-2.
x x ( ,1) ( 1, )

21. f(x) = |x sgn (1 x 2)| = 0 x 1, 0, 1
x x (0, 1) (1, )

function is discontinous at x = 1, 1
and non differentiable at x = 1, 0,1

1
3 3
(x ) x , x0
24. f(x) = (x2 |x|)1/3 = 1 1
( x 5 ) 3 ( 1) 3 x x , x 0

=x
f(x) is differentiable every where except at x = 0
EXERCISE # 4
PART - I
f (2h 2 h 2 ) f (2) (h h 2 1) (1) (2h 2 h2 ) (2) f ( 2) h(2 h)
1. lim 6 = lim = hlim . =3
h0 h0 ( 2h 2 h 2 ) ( 2) f (h h 2 1) f (1) (h h 2 1) (1) 0 f (1) h(1 h)
4
2. We have given
L.H.D. at x = a is zero
f(a) = 0
f (a h ) f ( a )
lim =0 ...........(1)
h 0 h
Now, L.H.D. at x = a
f ( a h ) f ( a ) f (a h ) f (a )
f(a) = lim = lim [ f is an odd function]
h 0 h h 0 h
f (a h) f (a) f [ 2a ( a h )] f ( a ) f ( a h ) f (a )
= lim = lim = lim
h 0 h h 0 h h0 h
[ f(2a x) = f(x) x [a, 2a]]
f (a h) f (a ) _
= lim = f(a )
h 0 h
= (0) = 0 [using (1)]
Thus, f(a) = 0
3. Since f(x) is differentiable at x = 0 continuous at x = 0
lim f ( x ) lim f ( x ) f (0)
i.e., x 0 x 0
e ah / 2 1 e ah / 2 1 a a
lim f ( x ) lim lim
x 0 h0 h h0 h 2 2
a
2
c h c
also, lim f(x) = lim b sin1 = b sin1
x 0 h0 2 2
c a 1
b sin1
2 2 2
a=1 ... (i)
Also, f(x) is differentiable at x = 0
f(0+) = f(0)
eh / 2 1 1
h/2
2 = lim 2e 2h 1
f (0+) = hlim
0
h
h0 =
h 2h 2 8
c h 1
b sin 1
lim 2 2 b/2
and f(0) = h0 =
h c2
1
4
b 1
or 64b2 = (4 c 2)
4c 2 8
a = 1 and 64b2 = (4 c 2)
2
4. lim f ( x ) f ( x ) . Put x = 0 and we get 0 form. Also because f is strictly increasing and differentiable.
x 0 f ( x ) f (0 ) 0
Apply L-Hospital rule, weget
2
lim 2xf ( x ) f ( x ) = 1. Since f is strictly increasing f(x) 0 in an internal

x 0 f ( x )
5. Graph of f(x) is
From graph f(x) is not differentiable at x = 0, 1.
6. As f is continuous
lim f ( x ) = lim f (1/ n) = lim 0 0
f(0) = x 0 n n
f ( x ) f (0 ) f (x)
Also f(0) = lim = lim
x 0 x x 0 x
f (1/ n) 0(exact zero)
= lim = lim =0 So f(0) = 0 = f(0)
n (1/ n) n (1/ n)
7. f(x y) = f(x).g(y) f(y) g(x) ...................(1)

put x = y in (1) we get f(0) = 0
put y = 0 in (1) we get g(0) = 1
f ( 0 h) f ( 0 ) f (0 ).g( h) g(0)f ( h) f (0 )
given that f(0+) = lim = lim
h 0 h h 0 h
f ( h) lim f (0 h) f (0)
= lim = h 0 = f(0)
h0 h h
Hence f(x) is differentiable at x = 0
Let g(x y) = g(x) . g(y) + f(x). f(y) ..................(2)
Put y = x in (2) 1 = g2(x) + f 2(x) g2(x) = 1 f 2(x) 2g(x). g(x) = 2f(x). f(x)
Put x = 0 g(0) = 0
8*.
From graph broken at x = 2, 3 & does not have definite tangent at x = 2, 3
9*. Here, f(x) = min. {1, x2, x3} which could be graphically
shown as

1, x 1
f(x) = 3
x , x 1
f(x) is continuous for x R and not differentiable at x = 1 due to sharp edge.
Hence (A) and (C) are the correct answer.
10. (A) y = x|x| (A) p, q, r
(B) y= |x| (B) p, s
(C) y = x + [x] (C) r, s
2x ; x 1

(D) y = |x 1| + |x + 1| = 2 ; 1 x 1 (D) p, q
2 x ; x 1

11. f(x) = g(x) cos x + g(x) sin x

f(0) = g(0) = 0
f ( x ) f (0) g( x ) cos x g( x ) sin x g(0)
f(0) = Lim
x 0
= Lim
x 0
x x
g( x ) cos x g(0) g( x ) sin x
= Lim
x 0
+ Lim
x 0
x x
g( x ) cos x g(0) g( x ) cos x g(0)
= Lim
x 0
= Lim
x 0
= Lim
x 0
(g(x) cot x g(0) cosec x)
x sin x
f (1 h) f (1) |h| 0
12. Clearly p = hLim
0
= =1
h h
( x 1)n
Now Lim =1
x 1 log cos m ( x 1)
Lim ( x 1)n
=1
x 1 log [1 cos( x 1) 1]
m [cos( x 1) 1]
cos( x 1) 1

n
Lim ( x 1) 1
or, =1
x 1
m ( x 1)
2
2 sin
2
Hence n = 2, m = 2. (C) is correct answer.
Aliter : LHD of |x 1| at 1 is 1 p
tn 1 cos t 1 t2
lim g(x) = lim = lim tn2 . .
x 1 t 0 log cos m t m t 0 log cos t cos t 1
2 1 cos t 1
= lim tn2 ( tlim = )
m t 0 0 t2 2
2 lim tn2 = 1
t 0
n = 2, m = 2
m
13. f(x) = kx
Hence f(x) is continuous & differentiable at x R & f (x) = k (constant)

14. (A) at x = Lf = 0 = f
2 2 2

Rf = 0
2
continuous
(B) at x = 0 Rf(0) = 1
Lf(0) = 0 not differentiable
(C) at x = 1 Rf(1) = 1
Lf(1) = 1 differentiable at x = 1
3 3
(D) at x = > f(x) = cos x differentiable at x =
2 2 2
1
x b 1 b
15. f(x) = = + b
bx 1 b (bx 1)
1
b
f(x) = b b, f(x) < 0 x (0, 1)
(bx 1)2
Range of f(x) is (1, b)
so range co-domain
so f is not invertible
f1 doesnot exist
No comparison with f1
16. (I) for derivability at x = 0

f ( 0 h ) f ( 0 ) h2 . cos 0
im
L.H.D. = f '(0) = h0 im
= h0 h im h . cos
= h0 =0
h h
h

h2 . cos 0
im f (0 h) f (0) = im h
RHD f '(0+) = h0 h0 =0
h h
So f(x) is derivable at x = 0
(ii) check for derivability at x = 2

RHD = f '(2+) im f (2 h) f (2)
= h0
h

(2 h)2 . cos 0 (2 h)2 . cos
im
= h0 2h im
= h0 2h
h h
h
( 2 h)2 . sin
(2 h)2 . sin 2( 2 h)
im
= h0
2 2 h = im . = (2)2 . =
h0 2( 2 h) 2( 2)
h h
2( 2 h)

f ( 2 h ) f ( 2 ) (2 h)2 . cos 0
LHD im
= h0 im
= h0 2h
h
h

(2 h)2 . cos 0 (2 h)2 cos
im
= h0 2 h im
= h0
2h
h h
h
( 2 h)2 . sin
(2 h)2 . sin 2( 2 h) .
im
= h0 2 2 h im
= h0
=
h 2( 2 h)
h
2(2 h)
So f(x) is not derivable at x = 2
f (2n) a n an b n 1

f (2n ) a n an bn 1
17.
f (2n ) b n 1 So B is correct
f (2n 1) a n an b n 1 1

f ((2n 1) ) a n a n b n 1 1
f ((2n 1) ) b n1 1 an 1 b n 1
PART - II
1. Continuity at x = 0
1 1
1 1
| h| ( h )
LHL = lim f ( x ) = hlim (0 h) e
= lim (h)e h h lim (h) = 0
= h
0 0
x0 h 0
1 1 1 1
h
RHL = xlim
0
f(x) = lim (0 h) | |
e h h = lim he h h = lim 2 =0
h0 h 0 h0
e h
lim f ( x ) = lim f ( x ) = f(0)

x0 x 0
Therefore, f(x)is continuous for all x.
Differentiability at x = 0
1 1

(h)e h h 0 e0 = 1
Lf (0) = lim = hlim0
h 0 (h) 0
1 1
1
Rf (0) = lim he h h 0 = hlim
2
=0
0 Rf (0) Lf(0)
h 0 h0 eh
Therefore, f (x) is not differentiable at x = 0.
1 tan x
2. Since, f(x) =
4x
1 tan x
lim f ( x ) lim
x

x
4x (Using L'Hospital's rule)
4 4
sec 2 x
sec 2
lim
4 2
= 4 =
x
4 4 4
1
lim f ( x )
2 Also, f(x) is continuous in 0, , so f(x) will be continuous at .
x
4 2 4
1
f = lim f ( x )
4 x 2
4
3. Since |f(x) f(y)| (x y)2
| f ( x) f ( y ) |
lim lim | x y |
xy |x y| xy
| f (y)| 0 f (y) = 0
f (y) = constant f (y) = 0 [ f(0) = 0 given]
f (1) = 0
f (1 h) f (1) f (1 h) f (1)
4. f (1) = lim = lim lim
h 0 h h 0 h h 0 h
f (1 h) f (1)
Since, lim = 5, so lim must be
h0 h h0 h
f (1)
finite as f (1) exist and lim can be finite
h0 h
f (1) f (1 h)
only, if f(1) = 0 and lim =0 f (1) = lim = 5.
h0 h h0 h
x
5. Since, f(x) =
1 | x |
g( x ) x
Let f(x) = =
h( x ) 1 | x |
It is clear that g(x) = x and h(x) = 1 + |x| are differentiable on (, ) and (, 0) (0, ) respectively.
Thus, f(x) is differentiable on (, 0) (0, ).
Now we have to check the differentiability at x = 0
x
f ( x ) f (0 ) 0
lim = lim 1 |x|
x0 x0 x 0 x
1
= xlim =1
0 1 | x |
Hence, f (x) is differentiable on (, ).
1 2 e 2 x 1 2x
6. Now, lim 2 x = lim
x0 x e 1 x 0 x( e 2 x 1)
2e2 x 2
= xlim (using L'Hospital's rule)
0 (e 2 x 1) 2xe2 x

4e 2 x
= lim =1 (using L'Hospital's rule)
x 0 4e 2 x 4 xe2 x
f(x) is continuous at x = 0, then xlim

0
f(x) = f(0)
1 = f(0)
7. f(x) = min {x + 1, |x| + 1}

f(x) = x + 1, x R.
It is clear from the figure that

f (x) 1, x R.
1
f (1 h 1) sin 0
f (1 h) f (1) 1 h 1 1
8. Now, f (1) = lim lim
= h 0 = hlim sin = lim sin 1
h0 h h 0 h h 0 h
f (1 h) f (1)
and f (1+)= lim
h 0 h
1
(1 h 1) sin 0
1 h 1 1
= lim = lim sin f(1) f(1+)
h 0 h h 0 h
f is not differentiable at x = 1.
Again, now
1
(0 h 1) sin sin1
0 h 1
f (0) = hlim
0 h
1 1 1
(h 1) cos 2 sin
h 1 (h 1) h 1
= lim (using L' hospital's rule)
h 0 1
= cos 1 sin 1
1
(0 h 1) sin sin1
0 h 1
and f (0+) = hlim
0 h
1 1 1
(h 1) cos 2
sin
h 1 (h 1) h 1
= lim (using L'Hospital's rule)
h 0 1
= cos 1 sin 1
f (0) = f (0+)
f is differentiable at x = 0.
9. gof (x) = sin (x |x|)
x
cos( x | x |)(| x | x . ) , x0
gof (x) = |x|
| x | cos( x | x |) , x0
gof is differentiable at x = 0 and the derivatives is continuous
statement-1 is true
Statement-2
h
(gof )(0 h) (gof )(0) cos(h | h |) | h | h 2
lim = hlim | h | = cos(h )(h h) = 2
h0 h 0
h
h
h 2
cos(h | h |) | h | 2
lim (gof )(0 h) (gof )(0) = lim | h | lim cos( h )( h h) = 2

=
h0 h h0 h0 h
h
not differentiable
statement-2 is false
10. f(0) = q
1/ 2
1
(1 x ) 1 1 x ..... 1 1
f(0+) = im = im 2 =
x0 x x0 x 2
sin (p 1)x sin x (cos(p 1)x )(p 1) (cos x )

f(0) = xim x f(0) = im
0 x 0 1
1
= (p + 1) + 1 = p + 2 p+2=q=
2
3 1
p= ,q=
2 2
x sin(1/ x ) , x 0
11. f(x) =
0 , x0
at x = 0
1
LHL = hlim h sin = 0 a finite quantity between 1 and 1
0 h
1
RHL = hlim
0
h sin =0 f(0) = 0
h
f(x) is continuous on R. f2(x) is not continuous at x = 0
x 2 f (a) a 2 f ( x ) 2xf (a) a2 f ( x )

12. im = im = 2af(a) a2f (a)
xa xa x a 1
x 2 f (a ) a 2 f ( x ) x 2 f (a ) a 2 f ( a ) a 2 f (a ) a 2 f ( x ) ( x 2 a 2 )f (a) a 2 ( f ( x ) f (a))
Alter im = im = im
xa xa x a xa xa xa
f ( x ) f (a )
im (x + a) f(a) a2
= x = 2af(a) a2f (a)
a
( x a)
13. Doubtful points are x = n, n I
2x 1 2n 1
L.H.L = lim [x] cos = (n 1) cos = 0
x n 2 2
R.H.L. = [x] cos = n cos =0
f(n) = 0
14. f(x) = 3 2x5
f(x) = 0 2<x<5 f(4) = 0

ADVANCE LEVEL PROBLEMS
PART - I
1.
= = =
2. R.H.L = =
L.H.L = =
= =11=1
L.H.L R.H.L
3. L.H.L. = f(x) = =
and R.H.L = f(x) =
= L.H.L R.H.L
(D)
4. f(x) =
discontinuity may arise at the points where
, and =0
x= ; x= , ;x= , five points
5. =
=1 similarly f(x) = 1
6. = =2
now, L.H.D. = = =
L.H.D does not exist.

7. As 0 < {ex} < 1
f(x) = 1 x R
8. f(x) =
(1 + 0) = 1
f(x) (0 + 1) = 1
and f(1) = 1 f(x) = f(1)

continuous at x = 1
similarly we check for another integers
9. As f(x) is continuous for all x R
Thus f(x) = f
since f(x) = ,x
f(x) = = =2
Thus =
10. Let f(x) = f() = 2
= = f()
Now f(x) =
f() = 0
11. Function
f(x) = (x 2 1) |x 2 3x + 2| + cos (|x|) ....... (i)
Imp Note : In differentiable of |f(x)| we have to
consider critical points for which f(x) = 0
|x| is not differentiablity at x = 0
but cos | x | =
cos | x | =
Therefore it is differentiable at x = 0
Next, |x 2 3x + 2| = |(x 1) (x 2)| =
Therefore,

f(x) =
Now, x = 1, 2 are critical point for differentiability

Because f(x) is differentiable on other points in its domain
Differentiability at x = 1
L f (1) =
= = 0 sin 1 = sin 1
( = (cos x)
at x = 1 0 = sin x at x = 1 0 = sin x at x = 1 = sin1
and R (1) = =
= 0 sin 1 = sin 1 (same approach)

Lf (1) = Rf (1).
Therefore, function is differentiable
at x = 1.
Again Lf (2) =
= = (4 1) (2 1) sin 2 = 3 sin 2
and R f (2) = = = (22 1) sin 2 = 3 sin 2
So L f (2) R f(2), f is not differentiable at x = 2

Therefore, (d) is the answer.
12. f(x) = [x sin x]
f(0) = 0
f(0) = [h sin(h)] = 0 ; f(0+) = [h sin h] = 0
+
Here f(0 ) = f(0 ) = f(0) = 0

So continuous at x = 0
Since graph of f(x) is as shown in the figure
Now all options can be checked from graph.
PART - II
1. f(x) =
(i) for 0 < sin x < 1,
f(x) = =1
(ii) for sin x = 0,
f(x) =

(iii) for 1 sinx < 0,
f(x) = f(x) =
f(x) is discontinuous at integral multiples of
2.
= =
= =
for g(x) to be continuous (na)2 = (n2a)2 (na + n2a) = 0
a= g(0) = (n 2)2
3. f(x) =
by definition of g(x)
g(x) =
g(x) =
clearly g(x) is discontinuous at x = 0 and not differentiable at x = 0, 2
4. f(x) =
graph of f(x) is as shown is figure

f(x) is continuous for all x but
non-differentiable for integral points.
5. f(x) =

f(x) = = 0 and f(x) = =0
and f (0) = 0 f(x) is continuous at x = 0
f(x) = = and f(x) =

f(x) is discontinuous for x = 1
Similarly we can check that f(x) is discontinuous at x = 1
L.H.D. at (x = 0) is = = =1
R.H.D. at (x = 0) is = = =1
L.H.D. = R.H.D.
at x = 0, f(x) is derivable.
6. is 1 or 0 according to x is a rational number or an irrational number. As m!x will
become integral multiple of when x is rational, then cos (m!x) = 1. And when m!x is not an integral multiple
of i.e. when x is irrational then 1 < cos (m!x) < 1
f(x) =
f(x) is discontinuous and non-differentiable at every real number.
7. f(x) + f(y) =
f (x) = f
f (x) = f
put x = 0
f (0) = f (y) (1+y2)
= f (y)
Integrating both sides

f (0) tan1y = f(y) + c ..... (1)
Now put x = 0 & y = 0 in f(x) + f(y) = f
we get 2f(0) = f(0)
f(0) = 0 ............. (2) and =2
=2 f(x) = 2 f(0) = 2 ........... (3)

from (2) & (3) & (1)
2tan-1y = f(y) + c
now put y = 1, we get 2tan-11 = f(1) + c
= +c c=0
f(x) = 2tan-1x
8. R.H.L. = f(0 + h) =
= .
(putting 1h2 = cos2)
= = =
L.H.L = f(0 h) =
= = = =
since R.H.L. L.H.L, therefore no value of f(0) can make f continuous at x = 0
9. As f is continuous on R, so f(0) = f(x)
Thus f(0) = f = =0+1=1
10. f(1) = 0
R.H.L. = f(1 + h) = cos 1 = cos 1 =0
L.H.L. = f(1 h) = cos 1 = cos 1 (0) =
f(1) = 0
f(x) is discontinuous hence non-derivable at x = 1
f(1+) = =0
and f(1) = =0
f(1+) = f(1) = 0
f(x) is derivable at x = 1
11. f(x) = =
= f(x) = f(x) =
so dx = =
12. we have
f(x) = (sin(h) + cos(h))cosec(-h) = (cosh sinh)cosech

= = =e
Now we have
f(x) = = =
If f is continuous at x = 0 , then
e=a= gives a = e and b = 1
13. Given that

f(xy) = exyxy (eyf(x) + ex f(y)) x,y R+
putting x = y = 1 , we get
f(1) = e1 (ef(1) + ef(1))
f(1) = 0
now f(x) = =
= = f(x) +
f(x) = f(x) + = =
Integrating both sides w.r.t. x , we get
n |x| + c =
or f(x) = ex (n|x| + c)
since f(1) = 0 c = 0
f(x) = exn|x|
14. Given f(x + y3) = f(x) + [f(y)]3

and f (0) > 0
putting x = y = 0, we get
f(0) = f(0) + (f(0))3 f(0) = 0
also f(0) = =
Let L = f (0) = = = L3
or L = L3
or L = 0 , 1, 1 as f(0) > 0 f(0) = 0, 1
Thus f (x) =
= f (x) = f (x) = 0 , 1
Integrating both sides, we get

f(x) = 0 or f(x) = x + c
As f(0) = 0 , we have f(x) = 0 or f(x) = x
Now f(x) = 0 is imposible as f(x) is not identically zero
f(x) = x and f(10) = 10

METHOD OF DIFFERENTIATION
EXERCISE # 1
PART - I
Section (A) :
A-1. (i) f(x) = sinx 2
f(x) = =
= = . cos
= (2x + h) . cos (f(x)) = (1) . (2x) . cosx 2
f(x) = 2x cosx 2
(ii) f(x) = e2x + 3
f(x + h) = e2(x + h) + 3
(f(x)) = = = e2x + 3 .2
= 2e2x + 3 f(x) = 2e2x + 3 . 1 f(x) = 2e2x + 3
A2. (i) y = x2/3 + 7e + 7 tan x
= x1/3 + + 7 sec2 x
(ii) y = x2.n x.ex
= 2x.n x .ex + x.ex + x2.nx.ex
(iii) y = n
= . sec2 = . = = sec x
(iv) y=

(v) y = tan
y=
y = tan = sec2
Section (B) :
B3. (i) ax 2 + 2hxy + by2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0
= =
(ii) xy + xey + y. ex x 2 = 0
= =
Section (C) :
C3. (i) y = tan1 + tan1
y = tan1 + tan1
y = tan1 5x tan1x + tan-1 + tan1 x
(ii) y = sin1 ,0<x<1
y= cos1
Let tan1 x = ,
y= cos1 (cos 2)
0 < 2 <
y= 2 tan1 x

(iii) y = sin1 ,1<x<1
y= cos 1
let 2 = cos 1x
y= cos 1 y= cos 1 (cos)
y= cos 1x = .
Section (D) :
D1. (i) y = tan1 ,z=
y = tan1 (1) + tan1 (2x)
= .8x = . =
(ii) y = tan1 , z = tan1x, z
x = tanz y = tan1
y = tan1 (tan z/2)
y=
Section (E) :
E1. (i) ey (x + 1) = 1
x + 1 = ey
1 = ey
= ey ...(1)
= ey = ey (ey) =
(ii) y = sin (2sin1x) ..... (i)
= .... (ii)

=
(1 x 2) = 4y + x (1 x 2) =x 4y
E5. (i) y= = = = e1/3
(ii) (cosecx)1/nx
n y =
ny = ( cosec x cotx) By L.H.Rule
ny = cosx y = e1
E7. H(1) = 1, g(1) = 2, H(1) = 1, g(1) = 2
= By L.H. Rule
= =0
PART - II
Section (A) :
A2. f(x) = logx(nx)
f(x) = f(x) = f(e) = = 1/e
Section (B) :
B1. y = x 3 8x + 7 and x = f(t)
t=0, = 2 and x = 3
= = =
t = 0, x = 3
t = 0, =
B3. sin(xy) + cos (xy) = 0 cos(xy) sin(xy) =0
= =

Section (C) :
C3. f(x) = |x||sinx|
at x = /4, |x| = x and |sinx| = sinx
f(x) = x sinx
n(f(x)) = sinx . nx f(x) = cosx nx +
f(/4) =
C4. y = sin1 + cos1 , |x| > 1
y= =0
Section (D) :
D2.* y = sin1 , z = cos 1
1< <1 and 0< 1 t R
let sin1 = ( /2, /2)
sin cos =
(i) if , then
y = , z =
= 1
(ii) if , then
y = , z = = 1
Section (E) :
E2. = f(ex).ex
= ex f(ex) + e2x f(ex)
E5.* u = ex sin x, v = ex cos x
v u = v(ex cos x + ex sin x) u(ex cos x ex sin x)
= ex sin x(v + u) + ex cos x( v u)

= u(v + u) + v(v u) = v2 + u2
again = ex sin x + ex cos x
= ex sin x + ex cos x + ex cos x ex sin x
= 2v
similarly other options can be checked.
EXERCISE # 2
PART - I
3 2
3. x = at and y = bt
= 3at2 , = 2bt
= .
= . = . .
= . . = =
4. y = 1+ + +
= + + = +
= =
ny = nx n(x c 1) + nx n(x c 2) + nx n(x c 3)

Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x , we get
= =
10. y = xn = n
= ...(1) =
= (1 + x) = from equation (1)
(1 + x) = +
(1 + x) = x +y1 (1 + x) +x =y1

12. let g(x) = g (x) = +0+0
g() = g() = 0
i.e. is the repeated root of g(x) = 0 and h(x) is a polynomial of degree 3
f(x) = 0 has repeated root
hence g(x), is divisible by f(x)
PART - II : OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
3. x +y =0
2 2
x (1 + y) = y (1 + x)
x 2 y2 + x 2y y2x = 0
(x + y) (x y) + xy (x y) = 0
(x y) (x + y + xy) = 0 xy y=
= =
5. y = sin1 + sin1 x
= + = + P=
6. f(x) = , g(2) = a & g(2) = ?
g is inverse of f
f(g(x)) = x
Differentiating w.r.t. x
f(g(x)) . g(x) = 1
g(x) = g(2) = = g(2) =
10. u = ax + b
Let y = f(ax + b)
= a f(ax + b)
=a2 f(ax + b)
= a3 f(ax + b)
= an f n (ax + b) f(ax + b) = an f n (u) = an f(u)

12. y=f & f(x) = sin x
= f . = sin .
14. y2 = P(x)
2y = P (x) =
2 = 2y3 = y2 P(x) P(x) . y
2y3 = P(x) P(x) y2 = P(x) & y =
2 = P(x) . P(x) + P(x) . P(x) 2
2 = P(x) . P(x)
17. f(x) = f(x) .... (i)

f(x) = g(x) .... (ii)
h(x) = (f(x))2 + (g(x))2 .... (iii)
h(0) = 2, h(1) = 4
Differentiating equation (ii) w.r.t. x
f(x) = g(x) = f(x)
Differentiating equation (iii) w.r.t. x
h(x) = 2f(x) . f(x) + 2 g(x) . g(x)
= 2f(x) . f(x) 2f(x) . f(x) = 0 { g(x) = f(x)}
h(x) is constant
h(x) is linear function
h(0) = 2 h(x) not passing through (0, 0)
Let y = h(x) = ax + b
at x=0
y=2=b y = ax + 2
at x=1
a+2=4
a=2 curve is y = 2x + 2
20. y = cos 1
= =
= when x<0 =

when x>0 =
Alternate :
put x = tan
tan1x = y = cos 1 = cos 1
y = cos 1 (cos/2) y= =
EXERCISE # 3
2. (A) y = f(x3)
= f(x3) . 3x2 = f (1) . 3 = 9
(B) f(xy) = f(x) + f(y)

f(1) = f(1) + f(1)
f(1) = 0 f(1) = f(e) + f f(e) + f =0
(C) f (x) = f(x), f(x) = g (x)

g(x) = f (x) = f (x)
h (x) = (f (x))2 + (g (x))2
h (x) = 2 f (x) . f (x) + 2g(x) . g (x)
= 2 f (x) . g (x) + 2g(x) ( f (x)) = 0
h (x) = c, x R h (10) = h (5) = 9
(D) y = tan1 (cot x) + cot1(tan x), <x<
= + . sec2 x
=11=2
= = = at (1, 1)
= = =
For question 8
Slope of normal at (1, 1) = =
Equation of normal
y1= (x 1) 5y 5 = 8x 8 8x 5y 3 = 0

11_. y = x2
= 2x
=2
again 2x =1
2 + 2x =0 x = = 1
Statement-2 :
= = =
15. x = 1/2 0<x<1
then tan1 x = ,0< <
u = sin1 = sin 1 (sin y) = y
=1 Statement is true.
19. =
= =
= 4y a=
21. F(x) = f(x).g(x).h(x)

F(x0) = 21F(x0), f(x0) = 4f(x0), g(x0) = 7g(x0)
h(x0) = kh(x0)
F(x) = f(x).g(x).h(x) + f(x).g(x).h(x) + f(x).h(x).g(x)
at x = x0
21F(x0) = 4f(x0)g(x0)h(x0) 7f(x0).g(x0).h(x0) + kf(x0)g(x0).h(x0)
21(f(x0).g(x0).h(x0)) = (4 7 + k) f(x0).g(x0).h(x0)
k = 24
EXERCISE # 4
PART - I
1. We have x 2 + y2 = 1
Differentiating w.r.t. x.
2x + 2yy = 0
Again diff. w.r.t. x.
1 + yy + yy = 0
yy + (y)2 + 1 = 0

2. p(x) = a0 + a1x + a2x2 + ........ + anxn
p(x) = a1 + 2a2x + ......... + nanxn 1
p(1) = a1 + 2a2 + ........ + nan .......(i)
Now | p(x) | |ex 1 1| x 0 (given)
|p(1)| |e0 1| = |1 1| = 0
But | p(1) | 0 p(1) = 0
Now for 1 < h < , h 0, 1 + h > 0
and |p(x)| |ex 1 1| x 0
|p(1 + h)| |eh 1| h > 1, h 0
|p(1 + h) p(1)| |eh 1| p(1) = 0
Taking limit as h 0, we get
| p(1)| 1
|a1 + 2a2 + 3a3 + ........ nan| 1 {from (i)}

Hence proved
3. f : R R, f(1) = 3, f(1) = 6
y=
ny = n ny = By L.H. Rule
ny = = =2 y = e2
4. At x = 0, ny = 0 y=1
Also on differentiating w.r.t x on both sides, we get (1 + y) = 2y + 2xy
Putting x = 0, we get, = 2y..
y = 2y2 1 = 1.
5. Let P(x) = bx2 + ax + c b0

P(0) = 0 c=0
P(1) = 1 a+b=1
P(x) = (1 a) x2 + ax
P(x) = 2(1 a)x + a
Now P(x) > 0 for x [0, 1]
P(0) > 0 & P(1) > 0
a>0 & 2(1 a) + a > 0
0<a<2
S = {(1 a) x2 + ax; 0 < a < 2}
6. x sin y + y cos x =
x = 0, y =
x cos y + sin y + y ( sin x) + cosx =0

= y(0) = 0
7. g(x) = f(x) ..... (i)

g(x) = f(x) = f(x) ..... (ii)
F(x) = +
F(x) = 2f(x/2) . f(x/2) . + 2 g(x/2) . g(x/2) . F(x) = +g g
F(x) = f . f f f {Using (i) & (ii)}
F(x) = 0 F(x) = constant F(5) = F(10) = 5
8. =
= . =
9. g(x + 1) = log [f(x + 1)] = log [xf(x)] = log x + log [f(x)] = log x + g(x)
g(x + 1) g(x) = log x
g(x + 1) g(x) = g g =4
g g = g g =
Adding all, g g =4
PART - I
1. =n . =
(1 + x2) = n2y x (1 + x2) +x = n2y

2. x=
= =
3. xy = exy
x y = y n x
1 = n x . +
(1 + n y) = = =
4. Let f(a) = a1x2 + a2x + a3

f(1) = f(1)
a1 + a2 + a3 = a1 a2 + a3 a2 = 0
f(x) = a1x2 + a3
f(x) = 2a1x
f(a) = 2a1a
f(b) = 2a1b
f(c) = 2a1c
a, b, c are in AP f(a), f(b), f(c) are also in AP
5. f(x) = nxn1
f(x) = n(n 1) xn2
f(x) = n(n 1) (n 2) xn3
fn(x) = n(n 1) ..... 3 . 2 . 1
Now f(1) + + ....... + = 1 nC1 + nC2 nC3 + ..... + (1)n nCn = 0
6. x = ey+x
x + y = n x
1+ =
7. xmyn = (x + y)m+n
taking log both sides
m n x + n n y = (m + n) . n (x + y)
+ =
= =
8. x2x1 . 2x + 2x2x n x 2 (xx n x + x . xx1 ) cot y + 2xx cosec2y . y = 0

at x = 1, y = /2
2 + 0 0 + 2y = 0 y = 1
9. g(x) = 2f(2f(x) + 2) . f (2f(x) + 2) . 2f(x)

g(0) = 2f (2f(0) + 2) f (2f(0) + 2) . 2f(0) = 2f(0) f(0) 2f(0) = (2) (1) (1) (2) (1) = 4
Hence correct option is (1)
10.
= = =

PART - I
1. y= ... (i)
taking loge both sides, we get
ny = (n x)n (n x) . nx
Again taking loge , we get
n (n y) = n (n x) . n (n x) + n (n x)
= {n (n x)} [n (n x) + 1]
Diff. w.r.t. x,
= [n (n x) + 1] + {n (n x)}
= y ny
= y ny
2. At x = ,
cos(4x) = cos = cos
|cos 4x| = cos 4x
and sin x = sin = sin |sin x| = sin x.
y = logu | cos 4x| + |sin x| y= ... (1)
(y + sinx) n sec (2x) = n ( cos 4x)

Diff. w.r.t. x,
(y1 + cosx) n sec(2x) + (y + sin x) =
(y1 + cosx) n sec(2x) + (y + sin x) 2 tan (2x) = 4 tan 4x ... (2)
Put x= in (1), y =
Put this in (2) and x = , we get n 2 +
y1 = =

3. Here =
.....(i)
but y= .....(ii)
From (i) and (ii) =0
4. x = cosec sin
x2 + 4 = (cosec + sin)2
and y2 + 4 = (cosecn + sinn)2
Now = = =
Squaring both sides, we get =
or (x2 + 4) = n2 (y2 + 4)
5. (y1/5 + y 1/5)2 = (y1/5 y 1/5)2 + 4
Then y1/5 y 1/5 = ... (1)

1/5
Given y + y 1/5
= 2x ... (2)
From (1) & (2)
y=
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
or (x2 1) = 25y2
Again differentiating w.r.t. x, 2x + 2(x2 1) = 50 y
Dividing by 2 on both sides
x + (x2 1) = 25y
6. 1< <2
If x = [x] = 1
so, f(x) = sin x3 f(x) = 3x2 cos x3

7. y = (tan1 (x + 1) tan1x) + (tan1 (x + 2) tan1(x + 1)) + .........+ (tan1 (x + n) tan1 (x + (n 1)))
y = tan1 (x + n) tan1 (x)
Hence, =
8. Given that g1(x) = f(x)

x = g(f(x)) or g(f(x)) f(x) = 1
g(f(x)) = g(f(x)) f(x) = g(f(x)) =
9. y = sin(m sin1 x) = cos(m sin1 x) .
Squaring and cross multiplying,

(1 x2) y12 = m2 (1 y2), Again differentiating w.r.t.x
(1 x2) 2y1y2 + ( 2x) y12 = m2 ( 2yy1)
Dividing by 2y1,
(1 x2) y2 xy1 = m2y
10. Take = tan1x, so (/2, /2)
then y = cos1 so |sec| = sec
or y= y= tan1 x =
11. xy . yx = 1 y nx + x ny = 0
Diff. w.r.t. x, we get
. nx + + ny +
12. y = x(nx n (a + bx)) ... (1)
= nx n (a + bx) + ... (2)
x3 ... (3)
By (1) and (2),
x y=
x3 =

PART - II
1. x = a(t sint), y = a(1 cost)
= a(1 cost) ... (1)
= a sint
= = =
= cot t/2
= from (1) ;
2. y= + k n
Differentiating both sides w. r. t. x, we get
=2 +
= n
= 2 n 2 n a + k
+ =
or + =
or (x2 a2) +x =2
hence value of
(x2 a2) is 2

3. Let f(x) = xx
From definition
f(x) = = =
= =
= = xx (1 + n x)
4. (a + bx) ey/x = x
or ey/x = ... (1)
Taking loge both sides, we have = nx n (a + bx)
Differentiating both sides w.r.t.x, we have = =
or (xy y) = = aey/x from (1)
Again taking loge on both sides, we have
n(xy y) = n a +
Again differentiating both sides w.r.t.x, we have
(xy+y y) = 0 +
x3y = (xy y)2
5. = a tan1 (a n y)
a n y = tan .... (1)
Differentiating both sides w.r.t.x, we get
= sec2
= sec2
= 1 + tan2
= 1 + a2 (n y)2 (from (1))

Again differentiating both sides w.r.t.x, we get = 2a2 (ny) . y
y y (y)2 = yy (ny)
y y yy(ny) = (y)2
6. Let y1 = tan1
and y2 = tan1
Let a = 2 n x,
then y1 = tan1 = tan1
= tan1 = , where a = tan
Similarly y2 = tan1 = + , where tan = 3
y= + ( + ) = + tan1 3 = constant
=0 =0
7. y= tan1
8. xy = ex y y nx = x y ... (1)
Diff. w.r.t. x, we get
nx = 1 y y + y . xnx = x xy y =
From (1),
y=
xy= y =

9. y3 y = 2x ... (1)
Differentiating both sides w.r.t.x, we get (3y2 1) =2
or ... (2)
Again differentiating w.r.t.x,
= ......... from (2)
= ... (3)
Now L.H.S. =
= +
Let 3y2 1 =
= = = = R.H.S.
10. y=1+ + + ..... (n + 1) terms
= + ....... (n + 1) terms.
= + ...... (n + 1) terms,
finally we get
y=
Taking loge of both sides, we have

ny = n nx n (x a1 ) n (x a2) n (x a3) ....... n (x an)

=
11. Let z = cos x + i sinx z1 = cos x i sin x
2 i sin x =
(2 i sinx)9 =
29 i sin9x = y= .... (1)
Binomial coefficients of (with sign) are
1, 9, 36, 84, 126, 126, 84, 36, 9, 1
= z9 9z7 + 36z5 84z3 + 126z + +
= 9 + 36 84 + 126
= 2 i sin 9x 9.2 i sin 7x + 36.2 i sin 5x 84.2 i sin 3x + 126. 2 i sinx ..... (2)
From (1) & (2), we get
y= (sin 9x 9 sin 7x + 36 sin 5x 84 sin 3x + 126 sinx)
yn = 9.7n sin + 36.5n sin 84.3n sin
+ 126 sin , where n w..
12. Given y=
or (x2 + c)y = ax + b
(x2 + c)y + y . 2x = a
Again differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
(x2 + c) y + y . 2x + 2 (xy + y.1) = 0
or (x2 + c) y= 4xy 2y or x2 c =
Now differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get

2x =
or x(y)2 = 2x(y)2 + 3y y (2xy + y) y

or (2xy + y) y = 3 (xy+ y) y
13. We have
sec1 (2x) + 2x tan (n (x + 2)) = 0 .... (1)
sec1 (2x) + 2x tan (n (x + 2)) = 0
esin(x/2)n sin y + sec1 (2x) + 2x tan (n (x + 2)) = 0
. .2
+ 2x . sec2 (n (x + 2)) . + tan (n (x + 2)) . 2x n 2 = 0 ... (2)
Putting x = 1 in (1), we get
(sin y)1 = sin y = .... (3)
and putting x = 1 in (2), we get
en sin y .2+ =0
Hence {from (3)}

APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES
EXERCISE # 1
PART - I
Section (A) :
A-3. Let AC be pole, DE be man and B be farther end of shadow as shown in figure
From triangles ABC and DBE
3y = 1.5 x
= 2, (x + y) =
=4+2=6
A-4_. Let r be the radius of the sphere and r be the error in measuring the radius. Then r = 8 cm, and
r = 0.03 cm, Now the voume V of the sphere is given by
Let r be the radius of the sphere and r be the error in measuring the radius. Then r = 8 cm, and
r = 0.03 cm, Now the voume V of the sphere is given by
V= r3
= 4r2
V = r = (4r2) r = 48)2 0.03 = 7.68 cm 3
Section (B) :
B-3. Here x 2/3 + y2/3 = a2/3

Differentiating w.r.t. to x.
Equation (y k) = (x h)
P(0, k 1/3 (h2/3 + k 2/3)) or P(0, a2/3 k 1/3)
And, Q (h1/3 a2/3, 0)
PQ = = |a| = constant.
B-7. f(x 1) = g(x 1) = 0

m 1m 2 = 1 and |m 1| = |m 2|
m1 = 1 ; m2 = 1 or m1 = 1 ; m2 = 1
[(0 + h) (0 h)] = [0 h2] = 1

B-9. Minimum distance = 10
Section (C) :
C-3. (i) f'(x) = 3x 2 3

= 3(x 1) (x + 1)
at x = 1point of minima Neither increasing nor decreasing

at x = 2increasing
(ii) at x=2 decreasing
at x = 0 decreasing
at x = 3 neither increasing nor decreasing
at x = 5 increasing
C-6. g(x) is monotonically increasing

g(x) 0 & f(x) is M.D. f(x) 0
(fog) (x) = =
as f(x) 0 & g(x) 0

(fog) (x) is monotonically decreasing
Also x+1>x1
f(x + 1) < f(x 1) as f(x) is M.D.
g(f(x + 1) < g(f(x 1)) as g(x) is M..
C-7. Let f(x) = , x
f(x) = .
Let g(x) = x sec2x tan x

g(x) = 2x sec2x tanx > 0
x>0
g(x) > g(0), g(x) > 0 f(x) > 0 f(x) is M.I.
x1 < x2 f(x1) < f(x2)
< <
Section (D) :
D-2. (i) f(x) = 3x 3
f(x) = 0 x=0
x = 2, f(2) = 8
x = 0, f(0) = 0
x = 2, f(2) = 8
Minimum = 8, maximum = 8
(ii) f(x) = cos x sin x
f(x) = 0 x=
x = 0, f(0) = 1
x= , f =
x = , f() = 1
Minimum = 1, Maximum =
(iii) f(x) = 4 x
f(x) = 0 x=4
x = 2,f(2) = 10
x = 4, f(4) = 8
x= ,f =
Minimum = 10, Maximum = 8
(iv) f(x) = cos x sin 2x
f(x) = 0 cos x = 0, sin x =
x= , x=
x = 0, f(0) = x= , f = x= , f =
Minimum = , Maximum =
D-6_. Let No. of children of john & anglina = y
x + (x + 1) + y = 24 y = 23 2x
Number of fights
F = x(x + 1) + x(23 2x) + (x + 1) (23 2x)
F = 3x2 + 45x + 23 = 0 6x + 45 = 0 x = 7.5
But 'x' wil be integral. check x = 6 or x = 7, F = 191

2 2 2
D-8. R +r =h
R2 = h2 r2
volume of cylinder ,
V = R2 (2h) = (2h) ( )2
= 2 (r2 h2) + 2h(2h) = 0
r2 = 3h2 h=
< 0 at h = Vmax = 2 =

D-10. 2 + 2r = 440
A = 2r = 2r2 + 440r
= 4r + 440 = 0
at r=
D-12. Let x, y be dimensions of rectangle.

2x + 2y = 36.
Let V be volume sweeped
V = x 2y
V = x 2(18 x)
= x.3.(12 x)
At x = 12, V has maximum value y=6
Section (E) :
E-2. Let (h, k) be point of inflection h sin h = k ...(1)

y = sin x + x cos x
y = cos x + cos x x sin x
y = 0 2 cos h h sin h = 0 2 cos h = k ...(2)
sin2 h + cos 2 h = 1
+ = 1 4k 2 + h2k 2 = 4h2 locus y2 (4 + x 2) = 4x 2
Section (F) :
F-2. Let f(x) = 3x2 + px 1
f(x) = x3 + x+c f(1) = + c = f(1)
f(x) satisfies conditions in Rolle's theorem f(c) = 0 for atleast one c (1,1)
3x2 + px 1 = 0 has atleast one root in (1,1).
F-4. Let h(x) = f(x) g(x)

h(a) = 0 = h(b)
By Rolles theorem on [a, b] h(x) = 0, for at least one c (a, b).
f (c) g(c) + f(c) g(c) = 0
PART - II
Section (A) :
A-1. V=
V= =
77 103 = 70 70 ( 1 litre = 103 c.c.)
= 20 cm/min.

A-3_. =
Let x = 25 and x = 0.2 such that f(x) =
f (x) = f(x + x) = f(x) + f(x). x
= + .x
= + 0.2 = =5+ = 5 + 0.02 = 5.02
A-4_. V = x3
V = x = (3x 2) x = (3x 2) (0.04x) = 0.12x 3m 3
Section (B) :
B-5*. 2y3 = ax 2 + x 3
6y2 = 2ax + 3x 2
= =
Tangent at (a, a) is 5x 6y = a
= , =
2 + 2 = 61 = 61
a2 = 25.36
a = 30
B-8. P1 : y2 = 8x
C1 : x 2 + (y + 6)2 = 1
Equation of normal of parabola

y = mx 2am am 3
if passes through (0,6)
6 = 2am am 3
a=2
3 = 2m + m 3
3
m + 2m 3 = 0 m = 1.
Point on parabola (am 2 , 2am) (2, 4).
Section (C) :
C-2. f(x) = 5x 4 3
It is sufficient to solve for p, the condition f(x) 0 xR
5x 4 3 0 x R

Case - 1p<0 p>1
Inequality holds true.
Case - 1p>0 p<1
Inequality holds if 10
p 4, p + 4 (1 p)2
p 4, p2 3p 3 0
4 p
Hence p (1, )
C-5*. g(x) = and
g(x) = f(x/2) f(1 x)

Now g(x) is increasing if g(x) 0
f f(1 x)
[ f(x) < 0 i.e. f(x) is decreasing]
1x x 2 2x
3x 2 x 2/3 0 x
g(x) increases in 0 x 2/3
and g(x) 0 for decreasing
f(1 x) 1x
x 2/3
2/3 x 1
Section (D) :
D-3. f(x) = 2 |x + 1|
From figure it is clear that greatest, least values are respectively 2, 0
D-6*. f(x) =
The only factor in f(x) which changes sign is cosx x.

Let us consider graph of y = cos x and y = x
It is clear from figure that for x (0, x 0), cos x x > 0 and for x
cos x x < 0, f(x) has maxima at x 0

D-8*. f(x) = ,x>0
= x > 0.
f(x) is decreasing x > 0.
On , greatest value is f = n and least value is
f( )= n .
D-10.
S = 2rh
= 2H
= 2H
Maximum at r =
D-13. Let d be distance between (k, 0)

and any point (x, y) on curve.
d=
d= ( y2 = 2x 2x 2).
Maximum d = Maximum d =
Section (E) :
E-3. x=1 3=a+b
=0 3a + b = 0
a= , b=
E-4. f(x) = n(x 2)
f(x) = = = = .
As n(x 2) is defined when x > 2

f(x) is M.. for x (2, ) f 1(x) is M.. wherever defined
Also f(x) = <0 f(x) is always concave downward

EXERCISE # 2
PART - I
1. y = 50 16t2 So,
tan = y= .x
= 16
= 1500 ft/sec.
2. at t = 0 ; x = 0, y = 1
= 2cm/sec
A=
(At, t = 7/2 sec, change in y -co-ordinate = 7 hence, pt. C has

y-co-ordinate = 8 and x- co-ordinate = 6 at t = 7/2 sec.)
= (4 + 7) 2 = cm 2/sec
7. f(x) =
= 0 x [0, )
f(x) is increasing f(x) is injective.

12. Let (x) = x +
(x) = 1 +
If x < 0 , |x| = x
(x) =
= >0
If x > 0, (x) > 0
Hence (x) is increasing
As we know ex x + 1 (ex) (x + 1)
ex + x+1+
13. Let x > 1

Consider f(x) = (1 + x)n(1 + x) tan1 x
f(x) = n(1 + x) + 1
f(x) = >0
f(x) is increasing For x < 0, f(x) < f(0)
f(x) < 0 f(x) decreasing f(x) > f(0) f(x) > 0
(1 + x)n(1 + x) tan1 x > 0 n(1 + x) >
For x > 0, f(x) > f(0)

f(x) > 0 f(x) is increasing f(x) > f(0) f(x) > 0
n(1 + x) >
Hence larger of these is n(1 + x).
15. f(x) = a0 + a1x + a2x 2 + a3x 3 + a4x 4 + a5x 5 + a6x 6
a0 = a1 = a2 = a3 = 0
= e2 a4 = 2
f(x) = 2x 4 + a5x 5 + a6x 6
f(x) = x 3 ( 8 + 5a5x + 6a6x 2)
f(1) = 0, f(2) = 0
, f(x) = 2x 4
17. xy = 18
Area of printed space =
Maximum when
x= y=

21. f(x) = 0 sin =0 = n
x= ,nN
x = ......., , , ....... , , 1.
Consider interval =0=
By Rolles theorem f(x) vanishes at least once in
Infinite number of such intervals are there. Hence f(x) vanishes at infinite number of points in (0, 1)
24. Let g(x) = , x [a, b]

By Rolles theorem, g(x0) = 0
=0 f(x0) =
25. Let f(x) = (x + a) (x)

f(x) = (x + a) (x) + k
f(0) = (a) (0) + k
f(2a) = (3a) (2a) + k f(0) = f(2a)
By Rolle's theorem on [0, 2a], f(c) = 0 for at least one c (0, 2a)
(x + a) = (x) has at least one root in (0, 2a)
PART - II
3. f(x) = >0
f(x) increasing
hence g(x) is also increasing function
7. Let be quantity
y= y2 = y
= =
=a = = a
9. f(x) = ; g(x) =
for a > 1, a 1 and x R
n a h(x) = n f(x) + ng(x)
(n a) h(x) = na + n a
h(x) = +
|x|
h(x) = a sgn x
Now h(x) = a|x| sgn (x) = h(x)
h(x) is an odd function
Also graph of h(x) is
It is clear from the graph that h(x) is an increasing
function

12. f(x) =
f(x) =
For 0 < x < 1, tan f (x) > 0 f(x) is increasing.
13. f(1) f(1) and f(1+) f(1)

2 + log2 (b2 2) 5 0 < b2 2 128 2 < b2 130
16. 2 = h2 + x 2
Area of base (triangle) is
3x = a
Volume V = h a2
=h . 4 . 3.x 2 = 3 h (2 h2)
=3 (2 3h2) V is maximum when h = .
18. Maximum of f(x) is
Given expression is f(x 1) + f(x 2) f(x 1) f(x 2) f(x 1) + f(x 2)
20. f (x) =
+1 2 >0
At x = 0, f(x) is least.
Least value = f(0) = 1
23. f(x) =
m n is odd.
f (x) < 0 x (, 0) f (x) > 0 x (0, )
25. (x) = (3(f(x))2 6(f(x)) + 4)f(x) + 5 + 3 cos x 4 sin x

5 5 + 3 cosx 4 sin x 5 +
adding (3(f(x))2 6(f(x)) + 4)f(x)
(3(f(x))2 6(f(x)) + 4)f(x) (x) (3(f(x))2 6(f(x)) + 4)f(x) + 10
3(f(x))2 6f(x) + 4 = 3 (f(x) 1)2 + 1 > 0
2
(3(f(x)) 6(f(x)) + 4)f(x) 0 when ever f(x) is increasing.
(x) 0 (x) is increasing, when ever f(x) is increasing.
If f(x) = 11 then
(3(f(x))2 6f(x) + 4) f(x) + 10 = 33 (f(x) 1)2 1 < 0
(x) < 0 (x) is decreasing.
28. f(x) =
f(x) = 0
at x = 0, x = 3, x = 1
so at x = 0, f(x) has local minima.
and at x = 3, x = 1 ; f(x) has local maxima
f(1) = , f( 3) = . f(3) < 0, f(1) > 0 and f(x) 0
f(x) is undefined at point(s) in (3, 1). Hence f(x) has no absolute maxima.
EXERCISE # 3
PART - I
2. (A) f(x) is continuous and differentiable f(0) = f()

Hence condition in Rolles theorem and LMVT are satisfied.
(B) f(1) = 1, f(1) = 0, f(1+) = 1
f(x) is not continuous at x = 1, belonging to
Hence, atleast one condition in LMVT and Rolles theorem is not satisfied
(C) f(x) = (x 1)3/5, x 1

At x = 1, f(x) is not differentiable.
Hence at least one condition in LMVT and Rolles theorem is not satisfied.
(D) At x = 0
L.H.D. = = = 1
R.H.D. = 1
At x = 0, f(x) is not differentiable
Hence at least one condition in LMVT and Rolles theorem is not satisfied.
3. (A) Let PQ = x
Then BP =
PS = tan60 =
area A of rectangle = (4 x) x
= (4 2x) = 0 x=2
= <0
A is maximum, when x = 2.
Maximum area = 2.2 = .
Square of maximum area = 12

(B) Dimensions be x, 2x, h
72 = x . 2x . h
36 = x2h ....(1)
S = 4x2 + 6xh
S = 4x2 + 6
= 8x =
For least S, x = 3 and least S is 108.

(C) Let y =
x2 + y2 4x + 3 = 0
(x 2)2 + y2 = 1, center C = (2, 0)
Consider point P(5, 4)
CP = =5
Maximum value of is (5 + 1)2 = 36.
(D)
x2 + y2 = 5
= cos, b = sin
Let f() be perimeter
f() = 2a + 2b
=2 (2cos + sin)
f()= 2 ( 2sin + cos)
f()= 2 (2cos sin)
f() = 0 tan = and f () < 0

f() is greatest
a = 4, b = 1
a3 + b3 = 65
Let g(x) = , x [0, ]. g(x) is increasing function of x.
range of g(x) is
f(x) = , x [0, ]
Now let t 2, then
f(t) + f(2 t) =

i.e f(t) + =
i.e f(t) + =
i.e f(t) =
f(x) = for x 2
Thus f(x) = for 0 x 2

Also f(x) = f(4 x) for all x [2, 4]
f(x) is symmetric about x = 2
from graph of f(x)
= 2 0 = 2
=
Maximum value is f(2) = =
Comprehension # 3_ (10 to 12)

7. Sin x is concave downward in (0, )
8. ex is concave upward
9. f(x) concave downward (f(x) < 0)
f(x) increasing (f(x) 0)
Let g(x)= f 1(x) = x
f(g(x)) = x
f(g(x)). gx = 1
g(x) = >0
g(x) = f(x).g(x)
g(x) > 0
g(x) = f 1 (x) concave upward
15. f(x) = (1 nx)
f(x) 0, when x e
f(x) is decreasing function, when x e
>e f() < f(e)
1/ < e1/e e > e
Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is False
17. f (x) = 50x49 20x19

= 10x19(5x30 2)
x = 0 is stationary point. Statement-2 is ture.
f(0) = 0
= <0
f(1) = 0
Global maximum is 0. Statement-1 is true.

19. y= is even funciton.
Even function is nonmonotonic.
27. From figure z2 = x2 + y2
z =x
If z = 500 then x = 400
500 = 400(5)
=4
EXERCISE # 4
PART - I
1. In case of function given in (A), f is continuous on [0, 1] but not differentiable at x = 1/2 (0, 1).
Note that Lf (1/2) = 1 and Rf (1/2) = 0
Thus, the Lagrange's mean value theorem is not applicable. The function in (B) is continuous on [0, 1] and
differentiable on ]0, 1[ and hence the Lagrange's mean value theorem is applicable.
The function in (C) is f(x) = x|x| = x . x = x2 and in (D) is f(x) = |x| = x on [0, 1]. As both are polynomial function,
the Lagrange's mean value theorem is applicable.
2. Given that
2(1 cosx) < x 2 , x 0
To prove sin(tanx) x, x
Let f(x) = sin(tanx) x

f(x) = cos(tanx) sec 2 x 1
f(x) = ...........(i) 2(1 cosx) < x 2 , x 0
cosx > 1 Similarly cos(tanx) > 1 ..........(ii)
By equation (i) & (ii)
f(x) >
f(x) >
f(x) >
f(x) > 0 x f(x) is an increasing function.
For x
x0
f(x) f(0)
sin(tanx) x 0
sin(tanx) x Hence proved
3. f is differentiable function on [0, 4]
f is continuous on [0, 4] also.
By using LMVT, there exists a (0, 4) such that
f(a) = ........ (i)
Now [(f(4))2 (f(0))2 ] =
[(f(4))2 (f(0))2 ] = 4 f(a) [f(4) + f(0)] ....... (ii)

f is a continuous function on [0, 4], so
By intermediate mean value theorem, there exists b (0, 4) such that
f(b) = ..... (iii)

now by equation (ii) & (iii)
[(f(4))2 (f(0))2 ] = 8f(a) f(b)
hence proved
4. In OSP
tan = = sin =
and cos =
Area of PSM = SM PN
= . 2SN PN = SN PN = SP sin SP cos = sin cos
= (100 r2)
= = . (100 r2)1/2 (2r) r + =0
(100 r2)1/2 ( 3r2 + 100 r2) = 0, r 10 as P is outside the circle

4r2 = 100 r2 = 25 r = 5. Also = 0, =0
Thus for r = 5, areawould be maximum.
5. . Put x = 0 and we get form. Also because f is strictly increasing and differentiable.
Apply L-Hospital rule, weget
= 1. Since f is strictly increasing f(x) 0 in an internal
6. f(x) =
For Rolles theorem to be applicable in [0, 1], f(x) should be continuous in [0, 1], differentiable in (0, 1) and
f(0) = f(1).
Last two conditions hold and x n x = 0
Put x = et, then as x 0, t
=0 which is true for all > 0

7. = 23 x101 45 + 1035x + c.
Now consider a function
f(x) = (x100 45) 23x (x100 45) = (x 46) (x100 45)
It satisfies all conditions of Rolles theorem in . Hence there exist at least one c for
which f(c) = 0
P(c) = 0 which proves that there exist a root of P(x) = 0 in
8. f(x) = 3x2 + 2bx + c whose discriminant is 4(b2 3c) which is negative as 0 < b2 < c.
Thus f(x) is always positive and f(x) is strictly increasing.
9. f(x) = sinx + 2x
f(x) = cosx + 2
f(x) = sinx < 0 x f(x) is decreasing function ... (i)
Also f(0) = >0 ... (ii)
f( )= 2 =23 =1 <0 ... (iii)

Equation (1), (2) & (3) shows that a certain
value of x for which
f(x) = 0 & this point must be a point of maxima for

f(x) since sign of f(x) changes from + ve to ve
10. As |f(x 1) f(x 2)| (x 1 x 2)2 x 1, x 2 R
|f(x 1) f(x 2)| (x 1 x 2)2 {As x 2 = |x|2} = |x 1 x 2|
Taking limit both sides as x 1 x 2 |x 1 x 2|
|f(x 2)| 0, x1 R |f(x)| 0 xR

So |f(x)| = 0
f(x) = 0 or f(x) is constant function
Equation of tangent at (1, 2) is
y 2 = f(1)(x 1)
or y = 2 is required equation of tangent.
11. Let g(x) = f(x) x2

g(x) has atleast 3 real roots which are x = 1,2,3
By langrange mean value theorem (LMVT)
g(x) has atleast 2 real roots in x (1, 3) g(x) has atleast 1 real roots in x (1, 3)
f(x) 2 = 0 for atleast 1 real roots in x (1, 3) f(x) = 2 for atleast one x (1, 3)
12. Let P(x) = ax 3 + bx 2 + cx + d

P(x) = 3ax 2 + 2bx + c
P(x) = 6ax + 2b
given that P(1) = a + b c + d = 10,
P(1) = a + b + c + d = 6
P(1) = 3a 2b + c = 0
P(1) = 6a + 2b = 0
a = 1, b = 3, c = 9, d = 5
P(x) = x 3 3x 2 9x + 5 P(x) = 3x 2 6x 9 = 3(x + 1)(x 3)
x = 1 is point of maxima & x = 3 is point of minima
Hence distances between (1, 10) and (3, 22) is 4 units.

13. g(x) = (f(x). f(x))
to get the zero of g(x) we take function

h(x) = f(x). f(x)
between any two roots of h(x) there lies at least one root of h(x) = 0 i.e. g(x) = 0
Now h(x) = 0 f(x) = 0 or f(x) = 0
As f(x) = 0 has 4 minimum solutions.
and f(x) = 0 minimum 3 solutions.
h(x) = 0 minimum 7 solutions.
h(x) = g(x) = 0 has minimum 6 solutions.
14*. Since f(x) has local maxima at x = 1 and f(x) has local minima at x = 0.
f(x) = x
f(x) = {f(1) = 0}
+c=0 = 2c ...........(i)
again, Integrating both sides we get
f(x) = + cx + d .............(ii)
f(2) = + 2c + d = 18
and f(1) = +c+d=1 ..............(iii)
using (i),(ii) and (iii) we get f(x) = (19x3 57x + 34) f(x) = (57x2 57)
= (x 1)(x + 1), using number line rule f(x) is increasing for [1, 2 ]
and f(x) has local maximum at x = 1 and f(x) has local minimum at x = 1
also, f(0) =
15. Slope of the line joining the points (c 1, ec1)
and (c + 1, ec+1) is equal to
tangent to the curve y = ex will intersect line to the left of the line x = c.
16.

17.
Consider y = kex and y = x
Let (, ke) be a point on y = kex
if it lies on y = x also then = ke
= kex
= ke = = 1 { y = x is tangent to y = kex at one point}
1 = ke i.e. k = 1/e
18.
Consider y = kex and y = x
from above question ex = if we decrease the value of k from , then
slope of y = increases
y = ex and y = intersect at two distinct points k
19. f(x) = 2 + cos x

f(x) = sin x
f(x) = 0
x = n , n
Now, we can easily see that, the interval [t, t + ] for all values of t, contain atleast one integral multiple of
Statement - 1 is true
f(t) = 2 + cos t
f(t + 2) = 2 + cos (t + 2) = 2 + cos t = f(t)
Statement - 2 is true
but we can see that Statement - 2 is not a correct explanation of Statement - 1
20. g(u) = 2 tan1 (eu)

g(u) = tan1 (eu) cot1 (eu)
g(u) = tan1 (eu) tan1(eu) odd function.
g(u) = + >0 Strictly increasing function
21. f(x) =
one point of local maxima at x = 1

one point of local minima at x = 0
(C) is the correct option
22*. f(x) = x cos ,x1
f(x) = sin + cos

f(x) = cos
Now f(x) = 0 + 1 = 1 option B is correct
x [1, ) (0, 1]
f(x) < 0 option D is correct
As f(1) = sin 1 + cos 1 > 1
f(x) is strictly decreasing and f(x) = 1
so graph of f(x) is as below
Now in [x, x + 2], x [1, ), f(x) is continuous and differentiable
so by LMVT, f(x) =
as f(x) > 1 for all x [1, )
>1 f(x + 2) f(x) > 2

for all x [1, )
23. p(x) = ax4 + bx3 + cx2 + dx + e

p (x) = 4ax3 + 3bx2 + 2cx + d
p (1) = 4a + 3b + 2c + d = 0 .....(i)
p (2) = 32 a + 12 b + 4c + d = 0 .....(ii)
=2
=2
c + 1 = 2, d = 0, e = 0
c=1
Now equation (i) and (ii) are
4a + 3b = 2 and 32 a + 12 b = 4
a= and b = 1
24. f(x) = 2010 (x 2009) (x 2010)2 (x 2011)3 (x 2012)4

f(x) = n (g(x))
g(x) = ef(x)
g(x) = ef(x) . f(x)
only point of maxima [Applying first derivative test]
25. Clearly f(x) = +
f(x) = 2x ( ) 0 increasing fmax = f(1) = e +
g(x) = x + g'(x) = + 2x2 2x > 0 increasing
gmax = g(1) = e +
h(x) = x2 + h(x) = 2x + 2x3 2x = 2x >0
hmax = h(1) = e + , so a=b=c

26. (A) Re = Re = Re = Re (1/y) =
= 1 y 1 = 1 or 1
Alternate
Re = Re
= Re = Re = Re
= Re
as 1 sin 1
( , 0 ) (0, )
(B) 1 1 1 1
1 1 0 1 0
0 0 0 0
t ( , 9] [1 , 1] [9, ) x ( , 0) [2 , )
(C) f() = 2 sec2 f() 2 f() [2, )
(D) f(x) = x3/2 (3x 10)
f (x) = x3/2 3 + x1/2 (3x 10)

asf (x) 0
0 3x + 15 0
15 0 x 2 x [2, )
27. f(x) = x4 4x3 + 12x2 + x 1

f(x) = 4x3 12x2 + 24x + 1
f(x) = 12x2 24x + 24
= 12 (x2 2x + 2) > 0 xR
f(x) is S.I. function
Let is a real root of the eqution f(x) = 0
f(x) is MD for x ( , ) and M.I. for x (, )
where < 0
f(0) = 1 and < 0
f() is also negative
f(x) = 0 has two real & distinct roots.

28. p = (x 1) (x 3) = (x2 4x + 3)
p(x) = (x3/3 2x2 + 3x) +
p(1) = 6
6 = (1/3 2 + 3) +
6 = (1/3 + 1) +
18 = 4 + 3 ...(i)
p(3) = 2
2 = (27/3 2 9 + 9) +
2=
=2=3
p(x) = 3(x 1) (x 3)
p(0) = 3(1)(3)
=9
29. f(x) = |x| + |x2 1|
f(x) =
f(x) =
PART - II
1. Let f(x) = x +
f(x) =
Minimum occures at x = 1.
2. f(x) = 6x2 18ax + 12a2

f(x) = 0 x = a, 2a
f(x) = 12 x 18a
f(a) = 6a < 0 and f (2a) = 6a > 0
p = a, q = 2a p2 = q a2 2a = 0 a = 0, 2
a = 2 (a > 0)
3. Let f (x) = ax2 + bx + c
f(x) =
f(0) = d = f(1) (2a + 3b + 6c = 0)

By Rolle's theorem, at least one root of f(x) = 0 lies in (0, 1)
4. y2 = 18x ...... (1)

Differentiating w.r.t. t
2y.2 = 18 y=
From equation (1), x = Required point is

5. x = a (1 + cos ), y = a sin
Equation of normal at point (a(1+ cos ), a sin ) is
y a sin = (x a (1 + cos ))
y cos = (x a)sin
It is clear that normal passes through fixed point (a, 0)
6. y = x2 5x + 6
= 2x 5 = 1, =1
product of slopes = 1 angle between
tangents is
7. Let f1(x) = x3 + 6x2 + 6 f1(x) = 3x (x + 4)

Increasing in (, 4]
Let f2 (x) = 3x2 2x + 1 f2(x) = 6x 2
Not increasing in
Let f3(x) = 2x3 3x2 12x + 6 f3(x) = 6x2 6x 12
= 6(x +1) (x 1)
Increasing in [2, )
Let f4(x) = x3 3x2 + 3x + 3 f(x) = 3(x 1)2 0
Increasing in (, )
8. V= , 0 r 15
= 50.
4 (10 + r)2 = 50 = (where r = 5)

9. Any point on ellipse
is P(x, y) = (a cos , b sin )
Area of rectangle = 4ab cos sin
= 2ab sin 2
Maximum area = 2ab.
10. By LMVT = f(x), x (1, 6)
and f(x) 2 2 2 f(6) 8.
11*.
Equation of normal is
y a(sin cos ) = (x a (cos + sin ))

x cos + y sin = a.
Distance from origin = |a| (constant)
Slope of normal = = tan angle made with x-axis is + .

12. f (x) =
f (x) changes sign as x crosses 2.

f(x) has minima at x = 2.
13. = f(c) 1 < c < 3 c = = 2 log3e
14. f(x) = (cos x sin x)
15. Graph of y = x3 px + q cuts x-axis at three distinct pints
=0 x = Maxima at x = , minima at x =
16. Condition for shortest distance is slope of tangent to x = y2 must be same as slope of line y = x +1.
=1 y= , x=
,xy+1=0
Shortest distance =
17. P (x) = 4x 3 + 3ax 2 + 2bx + c and P(0) = 0

c=0 P (x) = x(4x 2 + 3ax + 2b)
D = 9a2 32b < 0 b> >0 (P(x) = 0 has only one root x = 0)
P ( 1) < P (1) a>0

P(x) has only one change of sign. x = 0 is a point of minima.
P(1) = 1 a + b + d, P(0) = d
P(1) = 1 + a + b + d
P(1) < P(1), P (0) < P(1), P (1) > P(0) P(1) is not minimum but P(1) is maximum.
18. y=x+
y = 1 =0 x3 = 8 x=2
y=2+ =3
(2, 3) is point of contact

Thus y = 3 is tangent

19. f(x) = 1
f(1) = k + 2
f(x) = k + 2
f has a local minimum at x = 1 f(1+) f(1) f(1)
1k+2k+2 k1
possible value of k is 1
20. ex + 2ex 2 (AM GM)
f(x) > 0 so statement- 2 is correct
As f(x) is continuous and belongs to range of f(x),
f(c) = for some C. Hence correction option is (4).
21. yx=1
y2 = x
2y =1
= = 1
y = , x=
tangent at
y=
y=x+ yx=
distance = = =
22. f(x) =
In right neighbourhood of 0
tan x > x

In left neighbourhood of 0
tan x < x
as(x < 0)
at x = 0 , f(x) = 1
x = 0 is point of minima
so statement 1 is true.
statement 2 obvious
23. V= r3 4500 =
= 4r2 45 25 3 = r3
r = 15 m
after 49 min
= (4500 49.72) =972 m3
972 = r3
r3 = 3243 = 3 35
r=9
72 = 4 9 9
24. f '(x) = + 2bx + a
at x = 1 1 2b + a = 0
a 2b = 1 ...(i)
at x = 2 + 4b + a = 0
a + 4b = ...(ii)
On solving (i) and (ii) a= , b=
f '(x) = = =
So maxima at x = 1, 2

SOLUTION OF TRIANGLE
EXERCISE # 1
PART - I
Section (A) :
A-1. (i) L.H.S. = a sin (B C) + b sin (C A) + c sin (A B)

= k sin A sin (B C) + k sin B sin (C A) + k sin C sin (A B)
= k (sin2 B sin2 C) + k (sin2C sin2 A) + k (sin2 A sin2 B)
= 0 = R.H.S.
(ii) L.H.S. =
first term = =
= k 2 sin (B + C) sin (B C)
= k 2 (sin2 B sin2 C)
Similarly = k 2 (sin2 C sin2 A)
and = k 2 (sin2 A sin2 B)
L.H.S. = k 2 (sin2 B sin2C + sin2C sin2A + sin2 A sin2 B)

= 0 = R.H.S.
(iii) L.H.S. = 2bc cos A + 2ca cos B + 2ab cos C
= b2 + c 2 a2 + a2 + c 2 b2 + a2 + b2 c 2
= a2 + b2 + c 2
= R.H.S
(iv) L.H.S. = a2 2ab
= a2 + b2 2ab cos C
= a2 + b2 (a2 + b2 c 2)
= c 2 = R.H.S.
(v) L.H.S. = b2 sin 2C + c2 sin 2B
= 2b2 sin C cos C + 2c 2 sin B cos B
= 2k 2 sin2 B cos C sin C + 2k 2 sin2 C sin B cos B (b = ksin B, c = ksin C)
= 2k 2 sin B sin C [sin B cos C + cos B sin C]
= 2(k sin B) (k sin C) sin (B + C)
= 2bc sin A
(vi) R.H.S = c = a cos B + b cos A,
b = c cos A + a cos C
= =
= = L.H.S.
A4. =
sin(B + C) sin(B C) = sin(A + B) sin(A B)

sin2 B sin2 C = sin2 A sin2 B
2 sin2 B = sin2 A + sin2 C
2b2 = a2 + c 2 a2, b2, c 2 are in A.P.

A7. x 3 Px 2 + Qx R = 0
a2 + b2 + c 2 = P
a 2b 2 + b 2c 2 + c 2a 2 = Q
a2b2c 2 = R abc = + + = [a2 + b2 + c 2] =
Section (B) :
B1. (i) L.H.S. = 2a sin2 + 2 c sin2

= a(1 cos c) + c(1 cos A)
= a + c (a cos C + c cos A)
= a+cb
= R.H.S.
(ii) L.H.S. = + +
= . + . + .
= = .
(iii) L.H.S. = 2bc(1 + cos A) + 2ca(1 + cos B) + 2ab(1 + cos C)

= 2bc + 2ca + 2ab + 2bc cos A + 2ca cos B + 2 ab cos C
=2 + a2 + b2 + c 2 = (a + b + c)2
= R.H.S.
(iv) L.H.S. = (b c) + (c a) + (a b)
(b c) cot = k(sin B sin C)
= 2k cos sin
= 2k sin sin
= k [cos C cos B]
similarly (c a) cot = k[cos A cos C]
and (a b) cot = k[cos B cos A]

L.H.S. = k[cos C cos B + cos A cos C + cos B cos A]
=0
= R.H.S.

(v) L.H.S. = 4 (cot A + cot B + cot C)
= 4
= 2bc cos A + 2 ca cos B + 2ab cos C

= a2 + b2 + c 2 = R.H.S.
(vi) L.H.S. = cos . cos . cos
= = = R.H.S.
B3.
Let ADB =
we have to prove that tan =

if we aply m n rule, then
(1 + 1) cot= 1.cot C 1.cotA.
= =
= [2(a2 c 2)]
2cot = tan =
Section (C) :
C2. (i) r. r1 .r2 .r3 = = 2
(ii) r1 + r2 r3 + r = 4R cosC
L.H.S. =

= = =
=c = cos C =
L.H.S. = = = = 4RcosC
(iii) L.H.S. =
= [s 2 + (s a)2 + (s b)2 + (s c)2] = [4s 2 2s(a + b + c) +a2] = = R.H.S.
(iv) L.H.S. =
= (s + s a + s b + s c)2 = 4 =
R.H.S. =
= (s a + s b + s c) = =
(v) = =
= = = = = = =r
similarly we can show that = =r
C4. = 24 sq. cm .... (i)

2s = 24 s = 12 .... (ii)
r1, r2, r3 are in H.P.
are in A.P..
are in A.P..
a, b, c are in A.P. 2b = a + c
2s = 24
a + b + c = 24
3b = 24
b=8 a + c = 16
But = =
24 24 = 12 (12 a) 4 (12 c) 2 6 = 144 12 (a + c) + ac
12 = 144 192 + ac
ac = 60 and a + c = 16
a= 10, c = 6 or a = 6, c = 10 and b = 8

Section (D) :
D1. (i) = ,= , = =
R.H.S. =
= L.H.S. = R.H.S.
(ii) = = =
R.H.S. = =
=
L.H.S.= R.H.S.
PART - II
Section (A) :
A4. (a + b + c) (b + c a) = kbc (b + c)2 a2 = kbc
b2 + c2 a2 = (k 2) bc = = cos A
In a ABC 1 < cos A < 1 1 < <1

0 < k < 4.
Section (B) :
B2. b cos 2 + a cos 2 = c. b +a = c.
[ s a + s b] = c c= c
= a + b = 2c
a, c, b are in A.P.
B5. = (a + b c) (a b + c)
= 4(s c) (s b) =
tan = tan A = tan A =
B6*. (A) tan = cot .........(i)
tan2 = = =

tan = a = 5 and b = 4
from equation (i), we get
= cot = cot cot =
cos C = = = =
cos C = c 2 = a2 + b2 2ab cos C c=6
(B), (C) Area = ab sinC cosC = sinC = =
Area = 54
Area = sq. unit. From Sine rule
= = sinA = =
sinA =
Section (C) :
C3. =
=4
= .
C5*. (A) + +
= + +
(B) + + = + + =
(C) = = cot A = cot B = cot C A=B=C
true for equilateral triangle only

(D) = =
= = cot A = cot B = cot C A = B = C
true for equilateral triangle only
Section (D) :
D1. =2
D4*. a = cos
(A) correct (B) incorrect
(C) = = = cos
(D) cosec = . = . = cos
EXERCISE # 2
PART - I
3.
If we apply Sine-Rule in ABD , we get
= AB = = ...(i)
sin = and cos =
from equation (i), we get
AB = AB =
7.

required distance = inradius of ABC
2s =a+b+b+c+c+a
= 2 (a + b + c)
s=a+b+c
=
required distance
= = =
8. (i) L.H.S. = (r3 + r1) (r3 + r2) sin C
= sin C
= sin C
= sin C
= = 2 sr3
R.H.S. = 2r3
= 2r3 = 2sr3
L.H.S. = R.H.S.
(ii) L.H.S. =
= = = R.H.S.
(iii) First term = (r + r1) tan
= cot
= . .
=bc
similarly second term = c a & third term = a b
L.H.S. = b c + c a + a b = 0 = R.H.S.

(iv) r1 + r2 + r3 r = 4R
(r1 + r2 + r3 r)2 = r12 + r22 + r32 + r2 2r (r1 + r2 + r3) + 2(r1r2 + r2r3 + r3 r1) ........(i)
r(r1 + r2 + r3) = ab + bc + ca s2
and r1r2 + r2r3 + r3r1 = s 2
from equation (i)
16R2 = r2 + r12 + r22 + r32 2 (ab + bc + ca s2) + 2s2
r2 + r12 + r22 + r32 = 16 R2 4 s2 + 2 (ab + bc + ca)
= 16R2 (a + b + c)2 + 2 (ab + bc + ca)
= 16R2 a2 b2 c2
11. (i) EFA is a cyclic quadrilateral
=A
A = r cosec A/2
EF = r cosec A/2.sin A
= 2 r cos A/2
similarly DF = 2 r cos B/2
and DE = 2r cos C/2.
(ii) ECD is a cyclic quadrilateral
CE = DE =
similarly DF = BF = FDE = = =
(iii) area of DEF = FD . DE sin FDE
= 2r2 = 2r2
= = =
= = = =
PART - II
3. ED = c cos B
= c

5. f = RcosA , g = R cos B, h = R cosC.
+ + = + +
=2
=8 + + =
= .8 =
9. MNA is a cyclic quadrilatral
= A MN = r cosec sin A = 2r cos
M = N = r
x= = , =
similarly y = and z =
xyz = = = r2 R
12. r1 + r2 =
(r1 + r2) = = = = = 4Rs 2
=4
14. A, C1 , G and B1 are cyclic

BC1 . BA = BG . BB1
.c=
= (2c 2 + 2a2 b2)
c 2 + b2 = 2a2
16. a=1 2s = 6
2s = 2 R=1 = 2R sin A = A=
18. sin C = 1 cos (A B) 1

cos (A B) = 1 AB=0 A=B
sin C = =1 C = 90

20. if we apply m-n Rule in ABE, we get
(1+1) cot = 1.cot B 1.cot
2 cot = cot B cot
3 cot = cot B
tan = 3 tan B ..........(1)
Similarly, if we apply m-n Rule in ACD, we get
(1+1) cot () = 1.cot 1.cotC.
cotC = 3 cot tan = 3 tanC .......(2)
form (1) and (2) we can say that
tan B = tan C B=C
A+B+C=
A = (B + C)
= 2B B=C
tan A = tan2B
= =
tan A =
22. r1 r = = = a tan
(r1 r) = abc tan tan tan
= abc tan
= abc = = = = = 4Rr2

EXERCISE # 3
2. Match the column
(A) AA1 and BB1 are perpendicular
a2 + b2 = 5c2
c2 = =5 c = (
cos C = = =
sin C = = ab sin C =
2 = 11
(B) G.M. H.M.
(r1 r2 r3)1/3 (r1 r2 r3)1/3 3r 27
(C) tan2 = a = 5, b = 4 2s = 9 + c
= = = c2 = 36 c=6
(D) 2a2 + 4b2 + c2 = 4ab + 2ac. (a 2b)2 + (a c)2 = 0 a = 2b = c
cos B = =
8 cos B = 7
COMPREHENSION # 2 (Q. No. 7 to 10)
7. Clearly
8. Let 3 1 2 =
Then angle of pedal trinagle = 2 = A
9. Side of pedal triangle = I2I3cos = BC
I 2I 3 =
I2I3 = 4Rcos
10. 1 = 4 R sin
I2I3 = 4 R cos 12 + 232 = 16R2

12. 1 2 = 4R cos if we apply Sine-Rule in 1 2 3 , then
2 Rex = =
2Rex = 4R Rex = 2R
ABC is pedal triangle of I1 I2 I3
statement - 1 and statement - 2 both are correct and statement -2 also explains Statement - 1
14. sin = =
similarly sin =
3 sin 4 sin3 =
= r2 = r = a. cm.
19. ax 2 + bx + c = 0 ...(1)
x2+x +1=0 ...(2)
roots of (2) are imaginary and a, b, c are real
a b c b2 a2 c 2 2 1 1 1
= = =k cos C = = = C=
1 2 1 2ab 2 1 2 2 4
EXERCISE # 4
PART - I
1. We have a2 a2 (b c)2 = (a + b c) (a b + c)
a2 (2s 2c) (2s 2b) = 4(s b) (s c)
similarly b2 4 (s c) (s a)
and c 2 4 (s a) (s b).
Multiplying the above inequalities, we get
a2b2c 2 64 (s a)2 (s b)2 (s c)2
(a + b + c) abc 16 s (s a) (s b) (s c) = 162
1
(a b c ) abc
4
Equality occurs if and only if
(b c)2 = 0
(c a)2 = 0
and (a b)2 = 0
i.e if and only if a = b = c.
2. (A) a, sin A, sin B are given one can determine

a a
b=sin B c = sin C So the three sides are unique. So option (a) is incorrect option
sin A sin A
(B) The three sides can uniquely determine a triangle.
So option (b) is incorrect option.
(C) a , sin B, R are given one can determine b = 2R sin B,
sin A = . So sin C can be determined. Hence side c can also be uniquely determined
(D) for a, sin A, R
= 2R
But this could not determine the exact values of b and c
3. n = 2n area of OA11
n = 2n A11 O1
A
n = n sin cos
n = sin . .........(1)
On = 2n area of OB1O1
On = 2n B1O1 O 1O = n tan 1 = n tan
On = n tan ......(2)
Now R.H.S. = =
= 2 cos 2 = On. cos 2 = n tan .cos 2 = sin = n = L.H.S
4. Let angle of the triangle be 4x, x and x .

Then 4x + x + x = 180 x = 30
Longest side is opposite to the largest angle.
Using the law of sines
= 2R
a = R, b = R, c = 2S = =
5. Clearly the triangle is right angled.

Hence angles are 30, 60 and 90 are in ratio 1 : 2 : 3
6. Consider =
= = =

7. Clearly P is the incentre of triangle ABC.
r= =
Here 2s = 7 + 8 + 9 s = 12
Here r= =
8. = . b . b . sin 120 = b2 .........(1)
Also a= .........(2)
and = and s = (a + 2b)
= (a + 2b) ..........(3)
From (1), (2) and (3), we get =
9.* We have ABC = ABD + ACD
bc sin A = c AD sin + b AD sin
AD =
Again AE = AD sec
= AE is HM of b and c.
EF = ED + DF = 2DE = 2 AD tan = cos an

tan
= sin
As and DE = DF and AD is bisector AEF is isosceles.

Hence A, B, C and D are correct answers.
10. In ABC , by sine rule
= = C = 45, C = 135
When C = 45 A = 180 (45 + 30) = 105

When C = 135 A = 180 (135 + 30) = 15
Area of ABC = AB . AC.sin BAC = 4 sin (15) = =2
Area of ABC = AB . AC .sinA = 4 sin (105) = 2
Absolute difference of areas of triangles = | 2 2 |=4

Aliter
AD = 2 , DC = 2
Difference of Areas of triangle ABC and ABC = Area of triangle ACC
= AD CC = 24=4
12. cos B + cos C = 4 sin2 2 cos cos = 4 sin2
2 sin =0
cos 2 cos =0 as sin 0
cos cos + 3 sin sin =0
tan tan =
= 2s = 3a b + c = 2a
Locus of A is an ellipse
11. sin 2C + sin 2A = (a cos C + c cos A) = = 2 sin B = 2 sin 60 =
12. cos =
= (x2 + x + 1) = 2x2 + 2x 1
( 2) x2 + ( 2) x + ( + 1) = 0
on solving
x2 + x = 0 we get
x= + 1, At x = , Side c becomes negative. x=

13. Area of triangle = ab sin C = 15
. 6 . 10 sin C = 15 sin C =
C= (C is obtuse angle )
Now cos C =
= c = 14
r= = = r2 = 3
14. a = 2 = QR
b= = PR
c= = PQ
s= = =4
= = = = tan2
= = = =
PART - II
1. Let a = 3x + 4y, b = 4x + 3y and c = 5x + 5y
as x, y > 0, c = 5x + 5y is the largest side
C is the largest angle. Now
cos C =
= <0
C is obtuse angle ABC is obtuse angled.
2. r1 > r2 > r3 > >
s a < s b < s c a < b < c; a>b>c
3. tan = ; sin =
r+R= r+R= .cot

4. a =
= a + b + c = 3b.
a + c = 2b a, b, c are in A.P.
5. AD = 4
AG = 4=
Area of ABG = AB AG sin 30
= = Sin 60 = AB = =
Area of ABC = 3(Area of ABG) =
6. cos = = = 120
7. C = /2
r = (s c) tan C = 90
r = s 2R
2r + 2R = 2 (s 2R) + 2R.
= 2s 2R
= (a + b + c) C = 90
=a+b+cc
=a+b
8. are in H.P.
are in A.P. a,b,c are in A.P.
9. = cos
Let cos = for some n 3, n N
As cos cos cos
3 n < 4, which is not possible

so option (2) is the false statement
so it will be the right choice

ADVANCE LEVEL PROBLEMS
PART - I
1. From figure, AD = c sin B
Hence number of triangle is 0 if b < c sin B
one triangle for b = c sin B
two triangles for b > c sin B
2. C = 60
Hence c2 = a2 + b2 ab = = 2 cos
3. Using properties of pedal triangle,

we have MLN = 180 2A
LMN = 180 2B
MNL = 180 2C
Hence the required sum = sin2A + sin2B + sin2C
= 4sinA sinB sinC
4. From figure, we can observe that OGD is directly similar to PGA
5. BD = s b, CE = s c and AF = s a
Hence BD + CE + AF = s
6.
, as cos = cos
A = B, in either case
7. ,
Using cosine rule in ABO, we get
h=
8. In ABD,

Comprehension # 1
9. + + = b sin B + c sin C + a sin A =
k = 2R
10. cot A + cot B + cot C = (b2 + c2 a2 + c2 + a2 b2 + a2 + b2 c2)
= (b2 + c2 + a2) =
= . = k=
11. = =6
12. PG = AD
= .ab sin C or
= b sin C ( = ac sin B)
PG = ac sin B
= c sin B
13. Area of GPL = (PL) (PG)
and Area of ALD = (DL) (AD) PL = DL and PG = AD
= = =
14. Area of PQR = Area of PGQ + Area of QGR + Area of RGP ...(1)
Area of PGQ = PG.GQ.sin(PGQ)
= AD BE sin ( C)
= sin C

= bc sin A ac sin B sin C
= sin A.sin B.sin C
Similarly Area of QGR = sin A.sin B .sin C and Area of RGP = sin A.sin B.sin C
From equation (1), we get
Area of PQR = (a2 + b2 + c 2) sin A.sin B.sin C
15. In CDB , =
Also from same triangle = BD =
16. cosAcosB + sinAsinBsinC = 1

(cosA cosB)2 + (sinA sinB)2 + 2sinAsinB(1 sinC) = 0 A = B & C = 90
a:b:c=1:1:
17. We have
a:b:c=5:4:3
18. from figure, OO = ON ON = R
ZO = ZM +
= RcosA +
from OZO, using Pythagorous theorem,
we get (R )2 = (RcosA + )2 +
PART - II
1. from ABC , =
AB = 2Rsin(A + )
from ACB, =
AC = 2Rsin( A) BC = 2R(sin (A + ) sin( A))

= 4RcossinA = 2acos
similarly CA = 2bcos area ABC =
= = 4cos2.
2. c2 2bc cosA + (b2 a2) = 0
c1 & c2 are roots of this quadratic equation
Hence (c1 c2)2 + (c1 + c2)2tan2A = 4a2
3. Area =
= 2Rs
4. We know that OA = R, HA = 2RcosA and
applying Appoloneous theorem to AOH, we get

2.(AQ)2 + 2(OQ)2 = OA2 + (HA)2
2.(AQ)2 = R2 + 4R2cos2A
5. = +
using sine rule, diameter of required circle
= = = 20
radius = 10
6. L.H.S. = (a2 (b + c a) + b2 (c + a b) + c2 (a + b c))
= abc
= 4R

7. from the parellelogram ABAC, AA = 21 ,
from AAC, AA < b + c
21 < b + c ...(1)
similarly 22 < c + a ...(2)
and 23 < a + b ...(3)
(1) + (2) + (3) gives 1 + 2 + 3 < 2s
8. ZXY =
and
Area of
Area of
Area of XYZ = 2R2 cos cos cos =
9. Drop a perpendicular from the apex P to the base ABC.

The foot of perpendicular is at circum centre O of ABC
Using given data, we get
from, right angle POB, we get
= 8.83 m
10. from cyclic quadrileteral CQFP, we get
from cyclic quadriletral AQMF, we get

FQM = FAM = 90 B
AQM = 90 + 90 B = 180 B

P, Q, M are collinear
similarly P, Q, N are collinear
hence, P, Q, M, N are collinear

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CONTENT

3. Continuity and derivability

Copyright reserved 2012-13.

A6. (i) f(x) = 3 sin x + 4 cos x + 5

RESONANCE S OLUTIONS (XII) # 2

RESONANCE S OLUTIONS (XII) # 3

Hence one - one

C5. (i) f(x) = sin (x2 +1) f( x) = f (x) = even function

(v) f(x) = log (x + x2 1 ) f(x) = log (x + x2 1 )

D2. (i) f(x) = 2 + 3 cos (x 2) fundamental period = 2

f(x) = 1 2x f (x) = 2 x n2 > 0 increasing function one one function

D : [x R), Range : (, 1) codomain

function is not bijective f 1 does not exist

D:R Range : R = codomain onto function

function is bijective (invertible)

x = 7 + (4 y5)1/3 or f 1(x) = 7 + (4 x 5)1/3

E6. f(x + y) = f(x) . f(y) and f(1) = 2

f (n) = f(1) + f(2) + ........... + f(10)

A2. For domain log0.3(x 1) 0 and x2 + 2x + 8 > 0

RESONANCE S OLUTIONS (XII) # 6

(D) f(x) = cot2 x . cos2 x, x R {n }, n I

B4. Domain of f(g(x))

C2. One One / Many One

( 4x 1)(7 x 2 2x 10) (14 x 2)(2x 2 x 5)

C3. f(x) = x 3 + x 2 + 3x + sin x, xR

C6. f(g(x1)) = f(g(x2)) g(x1) = g(x2)

D7.* (A) f(x) = cos (cos1 x)

E8. Method 1 : (usual but lengthy)

RESONANCE S OLUTIONS (XII) # 10

Period of f(x) = L.C.M. of 2, 23 , 25 ,......2n , 2, 23 .....2n

or f(a + 1) + f(a + 2) + ......... + f(a + n) = 16 (2n 1)

15. (i) f(x) = Ax2 + Bx + C

here 1 2x + 1 < 1 2 2x < 0 1x<0

RESONANCE S OLUTIONS (XII) # 12

8. Here (2 log2 (16 sin2x + 1) > 0

11. (A) f(x) = e1/2 n x = x, D:x>0

12. f(6{x}2 5{x} + 1) f((3{x} 1) (2 {x} 1))

RESONANCE S OLUTIONS (XII) # 13

28. f(x) = sin x + tan x + sgn (x2 6x + 10)

p=4 then y = 8 2[ x ] [ x ] 2 [x]2 + 2 [x] + 8 0

11. f : [0, 3] [0, 13]

RESONANCE S OLUTIONS (XII) # 15

f (1) f (2) f (3 ) No. of maps f (1) f (2) f (3 ) Q y uksad h la[;k

for given domain

RESONANCE S OLUTIONS (XII) # 16

4. g(f(x)) = (sin x + cos x)2 1

f 1 (f(A)) = A A A Hence A is wrong

f(X) = Y f is onto but it will not effect on mapping of function

f(X) Y (range co-domain)

9. f(x) = x2 ; g (x) = sin x

10. F : [0, 3] [1, 29]

RESONANCE S OLUTIONS (XII) # 18

5. We know that a 2 b 2 a sin + b cos a2 b2

6. Let us consider a graph symmetric w.r.t. line x = 2 as shown in figure

from figure f(x1) = f(x2)

RESONANCE S OLUTIONS (XII) # 19

14. f(x) = (x 1)2 + 1, x 1

ADVANCE LEVEL PROBLEM

RESONANCE S OLUTIONS (XII) # 20

4. f(a) = 2a 2 a for domain of f(x)

RESONANCE S OLUTIONS (XII) # 21

y = f(x + 2) is drawn by shifting the graph by 2 units horizontally.

RESONANCE S OLUTIONS (XII) # 22